The Broad Ax

The Mixing or the Crossing of the Races. By Attorney P. J. O'Shea. "You dim-descended black, divine soul'd African, large, fine-headed, nobly formed, superbly destined!" Walt Whitman. The article on the Octoroons by "The Doctor"-interested me and it was well written. The illustration about the tree was pretty-but was it correct? The idea of a free producing so much fruit one year, half the quantity the second year, quarter the third year, and so on down to the seventh year when 128th only was produced-would be hard to prove from actual experience. Every horticulturist knows that the quantity of fruit produced by a tree is rarely the same for two successive years. If a tree produces heavily one year the following year it produces but little, and frost, parasites, lack of culture, lack of food, all play a part. The idea of crossing one fruit with other distinct species does not apply to the intermixing of black and white, as the African race is a distinct race but not a distinct species. The African race is not all black. To the north, among the Arabs the color is olive, and hard at times to distinguish from the peoples of southern Europe. The African is a distinct race, but not a distinct species. If the Bible be true all the children of men are descended from Adam, and this only 200 generations ago, allowing 30 years for each generation. In the United States there is a great deal of nonsense said and written about the Negro-race and comparisons are made between civilized and uncivilized races. There is only a veneer of civilization in the white races as yet. It is not so long since Jews and others were burned alive by European laws and occasionally crimes by mobs—usually composed of the "best citizens"—are reported from highly civilized European nations. Look at the atrocities perpetrated by them in China and South Africa. Illiteracy is measured in Europe by the inability of the people to read and write, and the percentage is heavy; but there is a larger percentage of people in America who do not think. And this is far worse, because the Americans think they know more than the peoples of Europe. I suppose the average man would say the people of the United States were civilized, but in some sections it is only a veneering, and very think at that. And crimes are committed every month against citizens of African descent, merely because they are African, which will make great reading fifty years from now, as we today read of punishments for witch-craft not so long ago. It amuses me to read of a patriotic citizen on some fourth of July saying "all men are created free and equal." How many white men would vote for a colored candidate for the Presidency today? The tone of the Dr's article, however, is kindly and suggests very wisely that the African races must look to themselves and among themselves for their salvation. But is not his idea the numbers 1-2-3-4-5-8 rather fanciful? The learned Ribot, page 300, Hereidity, says that "in Brazil men of mixed blood of all degrees of hybridization, are numerous, forming a new nation." There is not a hint with reference to sterility among the octoroons. He does state that the tendency of mixing of races is to cause a return to the white race. But this is in countries where the white seems to be the normal color. Is the blond hair of the people of northern Europe an accident? Everywhere approaching the equator the skin becomes blacker. Is this an accident? What would become of a white colony if moved to the equatorial regions of Africa? Would not each succeeding generation show the result of climatic influences? If the Bible be true are not all the children of men descended from a common ancestor. So that every white man! in the world has colored blood in his veins; and every colored man white blood. And whatever may be said about the Bible, science teaches us the same great truth. Peschel in his great work "The Races of Man," says the power or fertility of the races is not impaired by cross-breeding. And although he says, page 8, that in Central America the offspring become barren—this he ascribes to immorality and not to any physiological causes. He also notes that that stérility is ascribed to the mixed population of Jamica, Cuba and St. Domingo, but these statements are not authentic and have been contradicted. Nor does the illustrious Darwin say a word about the infertility of the Octoroons, and he was one of the most accurate observers that has ever written on the subject. On the contrary he says: "Descent of Man," pages 170-171, he has known mulatto families which have intermarried for several generations and have continued on an average as fertile as either pure whites or pure blacks. In support of his statements that the repeated crossing of races does not decrease fertility he quotes Dr. Broca, Dr. Bachman, of Charleston, S. C., Prof. Agassiz, and Sir Charles Lyell. Further on Darwin gives the testimony of Dr. Rohlfs that the mixed races in the Great Sahara, derived from Arabs, Berbers and the Negroes are extraordinarily fertile. And the same author citing numerous authorities says not only in his Descent of Man, but in his other works, that "there is absolutely no limit to the power of propagation of mixed peoples. So it may readily be seen that the theory of the "Doctor" is very fanciful, that the facts and evidence of all scientific men contradict it. Indeed all the authorities I have examined during a long course of study tend to show that crossing and intercrossing increase fertility. And that where the hybrid variety is not fertile, this is due entirely to other causes, such as are due to pathological rather than physiological causes. And it must not be forgotten that in many localities increase in wealth and comfort is another factor to be considered. Rich families are not fertile. Fertility is persistently avoided and children, more often than suspected, are accidents of matrimony. In plant life the crossed species are as a rule notably hardy and prolific. The very crossing and intercrossing of peoples in the United States is producing a race of men, hardy, progressive, intellectual and will in time, I hope become civilized. Let the African race get busy in politics. What is the matter with the colored voter here? Why is the race not represented in the political offices. No justice of the Peace no Judge, no Congressman, are they not powerful enough numerically to force representation there. No colored judge in Cook county? What is the Matter? I know some especially bright, brainy lawyers of this race, whom I would gladly support. HEW TO THE LINE. Prof. Richard Hill's Great Speech at the Opening Session of the National Negro Business League. "Mr. President, Officers and Members of the National Negro Business League, Ladies and Gentlemen: "In the name of those who feel that 300 years of unrequitted toll and tears has brought us the privilege of denying that 'this is a white man's country;' in the name of our mothers whose blood has been lashed from their bodies in streams, by the cruel whips of the slave-driver, and whose hearts are dripping still over the unbridled, licentious conduct of the slave-driver's sons; in the name of our mothers who have never ceased to pray and mourn for her children, and whose mighty struggles to be pure and holy are known only to God in heaven; in the name of our fathers and sons; for whose honor we strive daily; in the name of our wives and daughters for whose virtue we are ready to 'do and die;'" in the name of all these nad more, we welcome you to Nashville." Prof. Booker T. Washington, who owns and control the Colored Men's Business League, and the editors of the White newspapers of Nashville, were very much displeased with Prof. Hill for delivering this polished and truthful oration. Prof Washington, his white allies and his other tools were unsuccessful in their effort to counteract its effect, for Prof. Hill's burning words of eloquence caught the people and they left a lasting impression on the minds of those who heard him. Charles H. Calloway, Minneapolis Minn., who is a graduate of Fisk University, Tenn., is in the city in the interest of the copper industry of Montana. Mr. Calloway is stopping with Mr. and Mrs. S. A. McElwee, 515$ Forest avenue, and he is meeting with good success in disposing of his A. No. 1 copper mining stocks. Booker T. Washington, in his speech at Nashville before the Negro Business convention, spoke against the Colored people expressing their grievances. He seemed to have forgotten that this government was founded on grievances. The body of the Declaration of Independence is a long catalogue of grievances, and the first amendment to the constitution, after guaranteeing free religion, free speech and a free press, very emphatically bestows upon the people the right to petition for the redress of grievances. "Grin and bear it" may be Mr. Washinton's policy, but the manly Negro will not exchange grins for kicks, nor manifest the servility of a slave when the American constitution has armed him with weapons of a freeman. In Cuba it was the grievance against Spain that, after instigating a ten-year war, precipitated a final conflict which gave a new republic to the world. The Irish never cease to cry out against England's oppressions of Ireland. The Finns and the Jews are heard all over the world in their complaints against the tyranny and outrages of Russia, arms against the biggotted despot at Constantinople. Yet our "Moses" in America calls upon his people to suppress all reference to the hardships and violence inflicted upon them. The opportunity which Mr. Washington calls upon us to emphasize remains a mere suffrance where the protection by the ballot is withdrawn. It is a creature of changeable circumstance which any caprice or shift of conditions may at once destroy. But this modern "Moses" is much unlike the ancient Moses, who kept the ears of Pharoah burning with his cry about the grievances of his people and who slew the Egyptian whor: he discovered maltreating his Israelitish brother. He is more like Judas than Moses, differeing from his prototype only in commanding a higher price than the pitiful 30 pieces of silver for which Judas sold his Master, his people and his soul.—The Advance, St. Louis Mo. Club Notes The University of Illinois has just conferred the degree of Master of Arts on Mrs. Josephine Silone Yates, President of the National Association of Colored Women. Mrs. Yates is Professor of Literature and Science in Lincoln Institute, Jefferson City, Mo. Her thesis on French literature was highly praised by the University faculty. Mrs. Cordelia West and Mrs. L. A. Davis spent two days at Auora, last week. They addressed the Auora Charity Club and completed its organization. The officers were elected and the club with its 28 members promises to be one of the most active in the federation. The Sunshine Circle, composed of young Misses ranging from 14 to 18 years was also organized. The little Misses from 10 to 14 are contemplating the organization of "The Busy Bee Club, having for its object the suppression of slang and to discourage all bolsterous and unseemly conduct in public places. The club spirit is receiving great impetus in the beautiful little city of Auora, and much good will be accomplished by the earnest workers. The Phyllis Wheatley Club held a very pleasant meeting in spite of the disagreeable weather Wednesday afternoon, at the residence of Mrs. C. Roberts, 304 E. 62d street, Woodlawn Mrs. Dunmore led the discussion on Dr. Leach's attitude toward club women. The members concluded that the Rev. Dr. was not well informed concerning the work that women had done and were doing by means of the club. The hostess served a substantial lunch at the close of the meeting and the members felt amply repaid for their long trips. E. Attorney William Ritchie, Oxford Building, is in Faltimore, Md., attending the funeral of his brother, Judge Ritchie, who was at the time of his death, Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Maryland. Monday morning Lawyer Edward E. Wilson was called to the Harrison St police station, a den which he does not frequent more than six or seven times a year, to look after a case for one of his clients, and while he was standing in front of the rolling ready to proceed with his case he was orderd by Baliff Griffin to go and take a seat among the crowd, and as Mr. Wilson refused to comply to the request of the baliff he was seized by four or five police officers who acted as though they had been drinking Irish whisky. They dealt him several violent blows, smashed his hat, then Inspector P. J. Lavin, who is entirely unfitted to serve in that capacity, ordered his brutal and cowardly officers to throw Mr. Wilson down stairs and lock him up, and they held him in custody for half an hour, even after Attorney John G. Jones had signed his bond, and now Mr. Wilson has brought suit in the circuit court against Inspector Lavin, Sergeants Cannon and McCann and the other officers for $10,000, and he intends to fight them to the bitter end. The Morrell-Fowler Wedding. Miss Annie Lewis Morrell was united in marriage to Mr. Stuart Dolden Fowler Wednesday, Sept. 16, at the residence of the bride's parents, 6031 Champlain avenue. The ceremony was performed at high noon by Rev. Moses H. Jackson, pastor of Grace Presbyterian Church. Nearly fifty persons, relatives and immediate friends were present. Miss Sylvene Jackson attended as maid of honor,George Calloway served as best man, and Albert B. George acted as master of ceremonies. The bride was handsomely attired in a traveling suit of blue cloth with hat to match. The bridal bouquet was of white roses. A small reception followed the wedding ceremony, after which the happy couple left for Waukesha, Wis., where they will spend a portion of their honeymoon. They will be at home to their friends after Sept. 26, and until further announcement, at the residence of the groom's sister, Mrs. J. C McKinney, 5119 Grove avenue. The bride and groom are both active members of the Grace Presbyterian Church. Mr. Fowler is one of the elders of the church and stated clerk of the session, also financial secretary and treasurer. Mrs. Fowler is an earnest and faithful teacher in the primary department of the Sunday-school. D. Literary Note. It is announced that Professor W. E. Burghardt Du Bois is at work on a novel which A. C. McClurg & Co., the publishers of his successful book. "The Souls of Black Folk," will bring out in the Fall of 1904. Needless to say, Professor Du Bois's story will deal with the subject that lies nearest his heart, the Negro problem, and those of us who have read his burning words and impassioned pleas for his people in "The Souls of Black Folk" will not be surprised if the story prove one of the literary sensations of the coming year. Mr. Du Bois, with his rich imagination, has an earnestness of purpose that ought to carry his book straight to the hearts of the American people. "The Souls of Black Folk," by the way appeared at the psychological moment. Never has this country been so stirred about the race question, and never has any book shown so clearly "how it feels to be a problem," as Professor Du Bols puts it. The A. M. E. Conference is in session this week at Des Moines, Iowa, and a late issue of the Register and Leader of that city contains the handsome mugs of Revs. Ple-eating Hubert, Horace S. Graves, whose woman record must be pleasing to the Lord, and Col. Abraham Lincoln Murray, who was never known to toss any of the good looking sisters over his sinful shoulders. James C. Blaney, Chicago's tip-top boiler inspector, has moved into his new home, 5425 Emerald avenue. Mrs. Edward H. Wright, 2963 Wabash Ave., passed away from this life Monday, and she was laid to rest in Oakwood Wednesday. Mrs. Perry Bates, 5224 Dearborn street, leaves Monday evening on a three weeks' visit to Denver, Col.; Omaha, Neb., and Quincy, Ill. John E. Treager, who is the best coroner Cook county has ever had will be re-nominated and re-elected to that same office in 1904. Hon. William Loeffler, ex-City Clerk of Chicago, arrived home Monday from Europe, where he spent two months in visiting friends and infamiliarizing himself with the scenes of his boyhood days. Mr. Loeffler is looking hale and hearty and he greatly enjoyed his trip to his native land. Mr. Theodore Oehne, vice-president of the great Conrad Seipp Brewing Company, is just the man for the Democracy to nominate for Recorder of Cook County in 1904. Mr. Oehne is one of the many popular German-Americans of Chicago, and he would be a winner if he should be selected as Recorder of this county. Col. Robert E. Burke's red-wheeled buggy was smashed up in an accident at Randolph and Clark streets Monday morning. Col. Burke escaped from the wreck without receiving one scratch, and he expects to be in good shape to knock out the Carter H. Harrison machine on the North Side when the time comes to elect delegates to the next Democratic State Convention of Illinois. President Roosevelt this week pardoned G. D. and B. F. Cosby, the two leading slave drivers of Alabama, who were sent to prison last summer for buying and selling colored men, women and children. Some fool Negroes also requested the President to release those two notorious or revolting specimens of depravity from jail notwithstanding the fact that it cost Uncle Sam thousands of dollars to convict them. Tuesday evening, Sept. 15, Mrs Jennie Cable and Mr. William A. Jackson were united in marriage at the home of Mr. and Mrs, Simon Ford, 5045 Armour avenue, Rev. F. A. McCoo performing the ceremony. The bride and groom were the recipients of many lovely presents. The following friends were present to wish the newly married couple unbounded joy and happiness during the remainder of their journey through life: Mrs. Lula Bailey, Mrs. Delia Jackson, Miss E. P. McGann, New Orleans, La.; Mrs. Callie McGann, Miss Ida Marshall, Mrs. Frank Johnson, Mr. Drew Simms, Mrs. Isaac Fowler, Mr. C Hart, Mrs. Ruth Wayman, Mrs. Julia Bryant, Mrs. Mary Crawford and Mr. and Mrs. Julius F. Taylor. Alderman P. J. O'Connell, 31st ward, is home from spending his vacation at Long Lake, and the Alderman and his family enjoyed their outing immensely. Mr. and Mrs. J. R. Burgee paid them a visit at Long Lake and one evening it was suggested by the ladies that the Alderman and Mr. Burgee ought to go snipe hunting. Mr. Burgee agreed to wade out into the swamp and hold the bag, while the Alderman was to walk around its edges and drive the snipe into the mouth of the sack, but no snipe hoyed in sight, and Mr. Burgee came near being eaten up by the mosquitoes before he realized that he was the victim of a cruel joke, and Alderman O'Connell claims that his friend Burgee uttered a few cuss words before retiring to bed that night, and he is now willing to confess that he is not an expert snipe hunter. $20 tailor-made suits, uncalled for, $10. William A. Kirchberger & Co. 189 Clark street, Chicago. Subscribe for the Broad Az ‘PUBLISHED WEEELY. 4 and at the tres fees Se yy earcees eddie Bubecriptions must be paid in sdvanee. ae ) THE BROAD AX (0 Armour Avenue, Chicago. JULIUS F. TAYLOR, Batter and Publisber. Entered at the Post Office at Chicago, : TIL, as Second-class Matter. ‘A Slight Sarcasm. “Is your son going back to college?” _ “Yes,” answered Farmer Cotntossel. “Doesn't he know enough?” ~ “Yes; he's got book learnin’, but from the way he's been helpin’ around the place this summer I reckon he needs a few more athletics.”—Washington Star. Be Judge. Young Artist—It’s an outrage to have “gach an ignoramus as Puffers ona hang- ing committee. - \. ‘ Friend—No judge of art, eh? ‘Young Artist—He = half-idiot. Why, sir, he thought cows were horses.—N. Y. Weekly. “Sure to Agree. . ‘New Girl (timidiy)—I s’pose you are 2 fine cook, mum? Young Mistress—Bless me, no; I don’t know a thing about it. . New Girl (relieved)—Then we'll get on famously, mum. I don’t, either.—N. Y. Weekly. As te Pilegsgtas. , “Yes, Phuggins has risen in the world, I know, but it’sall due to his-wife. She spurs him to action.” | “Well, ‘any man with a particle of spirit will get up when his wife uses spurs on him, won't he?”—Chicago ‘Tribune. Then the Smile Faded. Crusty Old Gentleman—Your singing, Miss Taylor, is like attar of roses— Miss Taylor (with a grateful smile)— ‘Oh, you are too flattering. » Old Gentleman (continuing)—A little of it goes a very long way.—Tit-Bits. WHll Come in Hanéy. He—Now I guess that Phister girl's knowledge of fencing and boxing which she got at school will come in handy. She—Why so? “Bhe’s going to be married!”—Yon- kers Statesman. Batored the Makias Us. The Husband—We must break this habit of constantly quarreling with each other, even if we have to separate. The Wife—But I can’t live without you.—Town Topics. Esteem. ‘That Mary's lamb was dear to her “Tis very safe to bet; But when the meat trust sent it-out ‘That lamb was dearer yet. —Washington Star. @Oftes the Case. Sbe had fifteen million dollars, Placed in bonds, and shares, and rents; He had fifteen million dollars, So they merged their sentiments, Now they've raised a son who's valued At exactly thirty cents. —M. Y. Commercial-Advertiser. Rather Egotistical “I mever argue with fools,” said Crankleigh. “Because why?” asked the bartender. “Because whtn they don't agree with me I feel sorry for them,” replied the home-grown philosopher; “and when they do agree with me I feel sorry for myself.”—Cincinnati Enquirer. Knowing Ones. “It seems to me,” said the -suburn- haired dameel, “that it is only the men who never marry who know all about women.” ; “Or, in other words,” replied the eynical bachelor, “it is only the men ‘who know all about women who never marry.”—Chicago Daily News. Beccess Assured. Jaggies—The members of that explor- ing party seem confident that they will make wonderful scientific discoveries. Have they good reasons for thinking sot Waggies—The best. They have taken & press agent along.—N. Y. Timea > At the Seashore. “Can you swim?’ she asked. “No,” be answered, “but I can hold ou up while you're trying to learn.” “That is all that is necessary,” she tied, joyously. And so they went into the water.— Brookiyn Eagie. : ‘we Sides. ~ “There are always two sides ‘to a question,” enlé the broad-minded man. __ “That's tree,” answered Senator Sor- ghum, “and the question must always ai going to pay “ ‘ington Star. ee Paymest by Prexy. - Neighbor's Pretty Daughter—fiow much is this a yard? : Draper's Son (desperate “spoons” on her}—Only one kiss. “If it's sd cheap I will take three yards, and grandma will pay you.”"—Tit- Pete—Dey tell me dat bully was ai- ways coming around bers looking for scraps. Did yo’ sccommodste him? Ger—Shoulé say sc. Ah hit him wid @ bow! ob hash —Chteago Daily News. BOOKS AED AUTHORS. _ ‘Tom Moore is to be admitted to the “Buglish Men of Letters” series, and ‘Bis biography is to be written by Stephen Gwyn,abrother Irishman. _ his that~in working upon the megapay tf Str. Glatstone, which will soon be published, Mr. Morley and his sectetaries“have examined about 400,- 009 documents. The narrative, by the ‘way, is to include copious extracts from Mr. Gladstone's journals: William Watson, the English poet, has ‘deen having much trouble with lis eyes of late. Fears are expressed that his sight is on the point of giving out, in spite of the fact that he is only 46. Wat- ®on’s last published poem was his “Ode on the Coronation of King Edward VII.” which was admittedly one of his most notable productions of recent years. A German writer, Miss Anna Wage- mang, has.written a book to prove that King Charles I. was the Man in the Iron Mask. She argues that he was Hot really beheaded—a faithful adherent, who re- sembled him, having offered hTmself for execution in his place—but succeeded in fleeing to France, It is argued that he ‘was taken captive in Dunkirk and fm- prisoned until his death by Louis XIV., wearing the mask aforesaid. Kipling throws a good deal of his work into the waste basket, but it issome time since any of it wept into such a recep- tacle owned by some other person. He feels that, having won a reputation, it is his duty to write up to it. On one oc- casion, when in a heroic mood, he de- stroyed a whole book. The title of this: unborn book was “Forty-Five Morn- ings.” after it was finished he asked Rob- ert Barr to read it. “As good as ‘Plain Tales,’ was Mr. Barr’s verdict. “Not bet- ter?” said Kipling. “I don’t think it is,” answered Barr. “Then ft will never be published,” was Kipling’s unexpected reply; and it was destroyed forthwith. CHURCH AND CLERGY. | There are 1,933,000 Roman Catholics im Great Britain. The Roman Catholic ‘population bras been practically btation- ary for a score of years. England has over 1,500 Roman Cath- olic churches and chapels, and a popula- tion claimed by that church numbering upward of 1,400,000. Willis G. Wiser, the policeman having supervision of the campus at Yale uni- versity for several years past, has re- signed his post and will enter the minis- try of the Presbyterian church. During his leisure moments for several years he has been studying theology under the tutorship of a professor in the divinity school. The pastor of the Amyand Baptist chapel at Twickenham, England, Rev. Henry Smith, is a negro, born in south- ern states, but educated in Europe, and well educated, speaking French fiuent- ly, and an accomplished singer—a fact of great value to him in the evangelistic work he has carried on in Engiand and the Channel islands. He is a man of fine personal appearance, but shows his race. When be took charge of the church afew months ago a reception was given him at which not only the Baptists, but An- glicans, Presbyterians, Congregational- ists and Methodists were present. - CAVES AND CAVERNS. Until recently no method has been devised for measuring upward into cave domes otherwise inaccessible. This summer was demonstrated the prac- Ueability of such upward measurements by means of small balloons. Little Bat avenue, in Mammoth cave, ends in an ugly black hole called the Crevice pit. Sparks avenue, on a much lower level, leads to. the Mammoth dome, which opens upward through the Crevice pit. That is to say, Crevice pit and Mammoth dome are identical. ‘The “Cave of Giants” is the name which has been given to a new mam- moth cave discovered in southeastern California in the heart of the Provi- Gence mountains. The cave was dis- covered by George L. Berg, to whom {fs existence was revealed by a native In- dian who lives on the west slope of the range. Mammoth cave is really a congeries of caverns whose walls and floors have broken through into each other. It is excavated from the St. Louis limestone, overlaid by the Chester sandstone, and exists_im five tiers between the sand- stone and the drainage level. While the general openings are in long halls and avenues, now and then widened into spacious chambers, there are occa- sionally vertical chasms, which are styled “pits” or “domes” according to the point of view. BRITISH BREVITIES. | Colchester bas its annual feast of oys- ters; Yarmouth has adopted a sprat ban- quet; and now Clacton-on-Sea boasts an jennaal whiting feast, Forty thousand pounds in salvage and ‘Prize money was paid by the British gov- ernment between April 1, 1902, and March 31, 1903. _ “Two Lancashire holidays will build ‘& warship,” it has been said, the mean- ing being that Lancashire operatives, for their annual heliday, spend every year about half a million of money. __ The autumn exhfbition and sale of the Irish Industries association will be held this year at Windsor about the middie of November, when the court will be in residence. __ A party who has just returned from a ‘delightful holiday spent tn the Shake- ‘speare country relates that the chief ‘amusement of the natives of Stratford- on-Avon is watching the American pil- ‘stim in his or ber efforts to snapshot ‘the took up residence at ford, has dewe. en “ J Sosa P at a ward i Amended Law in Michigan Spectiies Relations Are or Gochncsce: Under the amended marriage law of Michigan the marriage of “cousins of the first degree” is prohibited, and it Will become the duty of the county clerk to ascertain whether such rela- eekly cate totes Ce SE for marriage, reports the Detroit une. ats The law which is now amended to include first cousins specifics distinct- ty what other relation, in law or con- sanguinity, are prohibited from wed- ding with each other, and to make positive that no illegal marriage occur through his fault, the careful county clerk, before issuing a license, should inquire: : “is this woman your mother, grand- mother, stepmother, grandfather's wife, son’s wife, grandson’s wife, wife's mother, wife's }dmother, wife's daughter, wife's ghnddsuzhter, or your sister, brother’s daugbter, sis- ter’s daughter, father’s sister, or moth- er’s sister, or cousin of the first de- gree?” Reversing the sexes the same quéstions apply to the woman. It is recalled that Rev. Father Ternes, of Detroit, one day had a room full of lawyers busy searching the authorities to discover whether a man could mar- ry “his widow's niece.” The investiga- tion had proceeded some time when it suddenly struck one of the “learned counsel” that a wife could not be a widow until her husband's death, and the laugh was on the lawyers. PROPER AU10MJ BILE TEST. Trip Made by Twe Men from San Francisce to New York With- eut Accident. A new transcontinental record for automobiles has been established by two men who drove a comparatively smal] machine of American make from San Francisco to New York, says the Brooklyn Eagle. They left the former city on June 20. They arrived here muddy, tired, but not materially the worse for their uncommon experience. They averaged about 80 miles a day. They crossed mountains. They trav- erped deserts. They trundied over all kinds of roads in all sorts and condi- tions of weather. And through it all their machine met with no serious mis- hap, a fact which will help reduce the automobile joke of the funny papers to its proper level of inconspicuity. Once before the continent was crossed by an automobilist, but he did not makeas good time as did these two people. This most recent test of endurance is worth great deal more in the development of the motor car than all the homicidal road races that have ever been arranged in Europe or elsewhere. Eighty miles a day is not a high average, and it could doubtless be bettered by larger cars and by more reckless drivers, but it is fast enough to show what the automobile is capable of in the way of endurance. And endurance, or the capacity to wear well, not speed, should be the first es- sential in the construction of a motor -—me INDIAN NATION IS NO MORE. Last Chief ef the Once Great Chere- Kees Has Been Chosen to an Empty Hener. The last Cherokee election has been held; the last chief of the Cherokee na- tion has been chosen, now a nation no longer but in name—swallowed up by the great American union, its name and identity lost forever, reports the Kan- sas City Journal. Monday, August 3, 1903, will be a memorable day in Cher- okee history. The sun rose clear and shone with resplendent beauty over the Cherokee land, from the plains of Kan- sas on the north to the hills and woods of Arkansas on the south. All was stir and bustle among the Cherokees that day, for it was their last tribal election. There were two candi- dates for chief, one representing the so- called progressive party and the other the nonprogressive element, mostly the fullblood Indians, to whom it was a solemn occasion. All day long from morn till sunset the battle of the bal- lots went on, each side striving for mas- tery; and when the sun went down that night the star of Cherokee tribal gev- ernment had set forever—the progress- ive party had won, and the last hopes of the fullbloods had vanished. Hence- forth they would be subjected to the white rule, and as a nation and separate people realize that they no longer ex- fisted. Longest Baseball Throw. The longest distance a man has ever thrown a baseball is a little more than 381 feet. The record for women was held, until recently, by a Vassar cham- pion, who threw « ball 181 feet. ‘There has now arisen in Tacoma, Wash., a young woman who beat that record by 24 feet. Anatomists have frequently ex- plained that the formation of a woman's shoulder-biades prevents her from throwing straight and far; but the Ta- coma record, 206 feet, is just about the distance from the deep outfield to the home plate. Evolution seems to be at ‘work producing shoulder-biades that will enable the American girl to share the delights of the nations] game. Can't Blame Him. A German setor has been sent to jail for getting off stage jokes about the em- peror. tf they were anything like the American stage jokes. says the Chicago Record-Heraid, we can't blame the em- ‘peror for shutting him up. & Sare Cure, But— , A Kansas man could not eat because he bad dyspepsia, so he fasted in order to relieve himself of the disease. The treatment was a success, remarks the ‘Chicago Tribune, but the patient died of exhaustion “PEOPLE OF MEANS. ‘Frederick W. Vanderbilt has adopted ‘a new idea in the construction of pri- vate houses. He is having a Sreproof gtaircase of steel and concrete built in ‘his Fifth avenue residence. Nearly all ‘the big houses along Fifth avenue have ‘rather too much wood in them for safety and it is Mkely that Mr. Vanderbilt's plan will be adopted by others. Senator Depew’s “discovery” that Aix- Jes-Bains has named a boulevard after Pierpont Morgan recalls the fact that the Germans have incorporated the name of the great American promoter into the language of their country The term “Morganismus” is currently used in Germany to describe the “trustification”’ of industry. Mrs. John Jacob Astor is believed to own the most costly ring in America. It was made in Paris and has three large emeralds surrounded by diamonds. The entire ring is encrusted with tiny dia- monds and the emeralds are declared to be as nearly perfect as any ever seen in Amsterdam. A flawless emerald is the rarest of gems. The ring is valued at $0,000 by experts. William Waldorf Astor recently bought Hever castle and in so doing he came in possession of an idea fora story which he has gince printed in the Pall Mall Magazine. It is an unusually good story and Mr. Astor is getting credit for having done a piece of thoroughly good literary work. That other eminent mil- lionaire, Mr. Carnegie, has limited him- self of late years to founding libraries, instead of writing them. It is said that when Mr. Gladstone read a book by Mr. Carnegie he remarked that he admired the courage of the man who, without knowing how to write, wrote on a sub- ject of which he knew nothing. QUEENS WHO SMOKE. Former Queen Natalie of Servia owns a magnificent jeweled smoking outfit, and is very partial ‘to the habit. The queen of Italy seldom smokes, but the mother of the king of Spain con- sumes @ large number of Egyptian ciga- rettes every day. _ The czarina smokes cigarettes now and then, and on her desk there are al- ways @ couple of golden and engraved cigarette cases, a silver ash tray and a malachite matchholder. Empress Elizabeth of Austria, who was assassinated near Geneva, used to smoke 30 to 40 cigarettes daily, either Turkish or Russian, and used also to in- dulge occasionally in small Italian cigars. At the English court the ladies are strictly prohibited from smoking by Queen Alexandra, who will not allow smoking in her.presence. Many fair members of the English aristocracy are far from pleased thereat, because among them are many confirmed smokers. The queen of Roumania, Carmen Sylvia, also owns a large number of gold and silver cigarette cases, but she does not much likethearoma of tobacco. The queen of Portugal, on the other hand, is an ardent:lover of the weed. She pre- fers a special brand of German tobacco which is sent to her specially from Dres- den. Her mother, the countess of Paris, occasionally indulges in an Havana ciga- rette or two.—N. Y. Press. IN CHURCH CIRCLES. ‘Rev. Samuel Murray, of Irvington, {nd., is the oldest minister in the Dunk- ard church, both in years and term of segvice. He has just passed his 97th birthday. and has preached fifty-five years, retiring from the pulpit two years ago. Third Baseman Bagsby, of.the Au- gusta, Ga., baseball club, filled the pul- pit of the First Baptist church of that city recently. Mr. Bagsby is a theo- logical student and is paying his way through college by the salary ‘he de- rives from playing ball. There seems to be a surplus of Con- gregational ministers. The Lear Book reports that 2,047 ministers are without pastoral charge. The denomination’s gain in ministers during the last thirty years has exceeded the gain in churches by 260. Most of the English pulpit orators who came over to this country lecturing had a very moderate success. Dr. Park- er’s tour was cut short. Rev. Dr. Wat- son was the only British preacher to have a striking success in the United States. His prices were high and he ‘went home well content with his profits. Dr. Watson, however, had the double advantage of being MOth pulpit orator and vovular writer. PERTAINING TO ROYALTY. Photography has fora considerable time been Princess Victoria's favorite pastime. The emperor of Japan married when he was 17 years of age. The empress, to whom he is devotedly attached, and who takes an active Share in the gov- ernment of the country, is a keen horse- Woman and, strange to relate, a fairly proficient gymnast. In the royal palace is a well-appointed gymnasium in which the empress takes constant exercise. Mra. Astor has lately developed a fad possible only to a woman of her wide foreign acquaintance. It is the collect- ing of autograph photographs of royal- ty. A signed portrait of the king and queen of England is the latest addition to her gallery of sovereigns and a tete- a-tete picture of the duke and duchess ot Orleans is ‘another cherished souve- nir of her European travels. , ‘There is no European sovereign quite 80 unconventional as Prince Nicholas of Montenegro, who is a personally everyone : subjects. He is always accessible anest man in his principality, waiks abroad rarely pt eee s ' ee ie Os eee Theodore C. Mayer JUSTICE OF THE PEACE Tortgages, Deeds, Notes and Legal Documents Drawn and Acknowledged. All Collections Promptly Attended to cut Cae Se Pas om so baa CHICAGO “MOHN AOR, = WILLIAM LEGER, President. Vice Pres. & Treas. WEST SIDE . BREWERY COMPANY, » CHICAGO, U. S. A. CORNER AUGUSTA ase PAULINA STREETS. Monroe 1567——-T E L E PH O N E S——Monrve 1573. | . It’s the Only Place AFRO-AMERICAN NEWS STORE 8104 State Street seen tgs sett nt rt ae Aes Sota Cerne Tees _ AFRO-AMERICAN NEWS STORE ___E.H. FAULKNER, Manager ~ Jas. J. McCormick, BOMELE ROG . His Prediction. “Fes,” he sald, “it will rain next Thursday evening.” “Do you set yourself up as an in- fallible weather prophet?” some one asked. “Certainly not,” he replied. “Yet you speak confidently of what the weather will be four or five days from now.” “Oh, well, there are some signs that never fail, and my wife has planned’s garden party for that evening.”—Chi- cago Post. A Practical Dramatist. Friend—Why do you kill off so many people in every act? Dramatist—Tir¢ company is small, and that is the only way I can work in all the characters.—N. Y. Weekly. Slew te Auswer. | Mrs. Myles—Does your new girl an- swer all your purposes? ‘Mrs, Styles—No; she doesn’t even an- swer the bell half the time.—Yonkers Statesman, eo Stays There. ‘Stella—Did he get down on his knees when he proposed? Bella—Yes; but papa won't set. him on his feet.—Puck. Genuine Euvry. “Why, Johnnie, what's the matter?” “Boohoo! Willie Simpkins has more warts than me.”—Chicago American. AGENTS FOR THE BROAD AX. From on and after this date Tne Broad Ax can be found on saie at tne following piaces: The Afro-American News Office, 2104 State Street. The Gem Shoe Shining Parlor, 336 30th, near State street. A. F. Tervalon’s Cigar Store and News Stand, 2826 State street. Edward Felix’s C:gar Store, 348 30th street, N. &. Corner Armour Ave. T. B. Hall's Cigar Store and Laundry office, 281 29th St. Turner William's Cigar and News Stand, 2903 Armour Ave. M. H. Watts, dealer in cigars and to- bacco, 3742 State street. The Stationery, 2970 State street. J. C. Campbell, 145 W. 47th street., Cigars, Tobacco, Staple Groceries. ‘Wm. H. Monroe, cigar and news stand, 486 State street. Whiteley Bros, 2724 State street, cigars, and news stand. _ J. New 131 W. Sist street, cigars, tobacco and confectionaries. CE. Hunter,"4503 Wentworth ave, cigars, tobacco, news stand. T. J. Hill, cigars and stationery store,, 5220 Lake Ave. s Wm. Dixon 2638 State Stree: cigars, tobacco, and news stand. Isidor Jacobson, cigars, togacco and stationery, 3149 State St. Joseph Haywond, 29601-2 State street, New stand, and confectionary store. ‘Wm. Goetz, News Stand and Laun- ary Office, 411 E. 36th st. News items and advertisements tert at these places will find their way Into the columns of The Broad Ax. ES | . _ i g By W. E. B. DuBois A REMARKABLE Book that is provoking much discussion because of the wonderful elojuence with which the author pleads for right and justice to his In these days of increasing talc the “ negro problem” this passionate human document can neither be overlooked nor ignored. Aside from its remarkable presentation of facta it holds the reader—prejudiced or not—by its fascination of style and overpowering pathos. Some of the Chapter Headings follow : OF OUR SPIRITUAL STRIVINGS. OF THE DAW OF FREEDOM. OF MRL WASHINGTON AND OTHERS. OP THE MEANING OF PROGRESS. OF THE TRAINING OF BLACK MEN. OF THE BLACK BELT. OP THE SONS OF MASTER AND MAN. OF THE FAITH OF THE FATHERS. OP THE PASSING OF THE ¥IRST-BORN. OF ALEXANDER CRUMMELL OF THE COMING OF JOBN. | OF THESORROW sonos. 8d Edition $1.20 met Published by A.C. McClurg & Co., Chicago Washington Is Center of Activity for Flying Machine Inventors. Built on the Plan of a Bird-Everybody May Be Using Wings Before Long-Other Notes of the Capital. Washington.—This seems to be the season for flying machines. It is the one great ambition of inventors all over the world, and especially in the United States, to bring to a successful conclusion the experiments which have been going on for years in the direction of transportation through the air. The air literally seems to be full of schemes and projects, so that many scientists believe that the conditions are ripe for the discovery of a practicable method. It is as it was with the steamboat, the locomotive, the telegraph, the telephone, the Roentgen ray. When the successful invention or discovery in each of those cases was announced it was learned for the first time by the THE BERLINER MODEL AEROPLANE public that many inventors and scientists had been working along toward the same results and on parallel lines so that it was almost a matter of chance which among them should succeed in the first discovery. It happens that Washington has been a center for experiment in the development of the flying machine. Prof. Bell and Prof. Langley are known to have advanced far in the direction of the aeroplane; and now comes another inventor—Emile Berliner, who obtained the first patents on the telephone transmitter—with the announcement of a successful test of a flying machine model on a plan not hitherto considered by anybody else. Berliner has constructed a model of a flying machine which even at this early stage lifts in flying a weight of over one pound for every square foot of horizontal area at a speed estimated at 20 miles an hour. The inventor confidently expects that with increased speed the best performance of birds which is the flying of two pounds weight for every square foot of horizontal area, will be considerably surpassed. If this becomes true people before long will be flying around like birds, because two wings each five by 21 feet would then carry a person of average weight together with a small propeller driven either by foot or by machine. Mr. Berliner has been at work on the flying machine proposition at intervals for 30 years and has only just reached anything approaching success. He analyzes a bird's flight as having two principal actions—the production of a current of compressed air by the beating of wings and the lifting forward on this air current of the body of the bird. This lifting forward, kite fashion, is greatly helped by the tail or by back wings taking the place of the tail. In his opinion therefore flying machines will be possible with a structure which when moved forward horizontally will produce a current of compressed air, with a tail surface for lifting the structure and combined with these a sufficiently light motor moving the whole rapidly forward. A THE BERLINER MODEL READY FOR FLIGHT. model built on these lines has lifted itself from the ground and in perfectly steady flight has reached a height of eight feet from the ground. It has also maintained itself for 50 feet at a height of three and one-half feet from the ground. The model is altogether different from either Langley's or Bell's. The main body consists of arches something like a funnel in shape, open below to catch the air, and sloping down in the rear, where wide tail ends are attached. The arches in moving forward produce a current of compressed air and at the same time exert a parachute action to support the structure and to facilitate gentle landing. It is not strange that Washington should have the distinction of being most conspicuous in the matter of the development of the flying machine. For Washington is becoming more and more the home of scientific men and the center of scientific thought. For years the tendency has been for men who loved study and research to make Washington their home. The Smithsonian institution, the geological and coast surveys, the other scientific bureaus of the government have attracted men of learning, and to add to these there have come a number of educational institutions which are doing remarkable work. So great has been the influx of men of scientific attainments in the past 20 years that there has been established a social club primarily intended for them. The Cosmos club has a distinction which belongs to no other social club in the United States. It has in its membership more men of national and international reputation than any other social club on the face of the earth. It is by far to-day the most important social club in Washington, though others may lay claim to greater wealth. Presidents of colleges, professors, investigators, writers, are numbered in its membership. Nobody is even considered for admission unless he shall be shown to have accomplished something which entitles him to public consideration or to the regard of men of attainment which is a higher test of accomplishment. President Roosevelt and his family will return to the white house on the 26th of September. They will find as usual that it is not the same white house which they abandoned to painters and decorators earlier in the summer. It is a peculiarity of the executive mansion that no matter how much money is spent on its preservation just about so much additional money has to be spent every summer while the president and his family are out of town. The white house is in a constant state of repair. Only a year ago more than half a million dollars was expended in restoring it—bringing it back to the condition in which those who first designed it planned that it should be. The results were gratifying. The tawdry "improvements" of decorators and architects for a generation of presidents were calmly thrown aside and a scheme of architecture was adopted which reestablished the simplicity and dignity of an earlier day. But even with all this the experimenters cannot let the old mansion alone, but must repaint and readjust and change just because the president's family is away and the way is clear. In spite of all the refurbishing the white house remains as it always has the most dignified official residence anywhere to be seen. As soon as Lieut. Gen. Young is retired from the service he will be succeeded by one of the most gallant and modest soldiers in the American army. Maj. Gen. Chaffee is one' of the fighting men who carry with him the U MAJ-GEN. ADNA R. CHAFFEh finest traditions of the military service of the United States. He has a record which is not excelled for efficiency by any officer in the service. First, in the civil war he served in a subordinate position, doing his duty faithfully and well and coming out of it with all the credit that belongs to a determined fighter. Then there were long years of thankless service on the plains fighting the Indians, in engagements where splendid valor met with insignificant reward. The war with Spain was an opportunity and the training Chaffee had received in Indian campaigns served him well, for the fighting at Santiago was much like that which he had encountered in the rough west. But Chaffee's greatest service, or rather his greatest distinction, came to him in the Philippines and in the march on Peking, when he showed a military capacity which compelled the admiration of the military authorities of the old world. Chaffee is a plain-spoken soldier who acts without talking and who hates, above all things, the glamor and prestige of dress parade. It is not often that a federal statute justifies its enactment so speedily as the law passed by the last congress for the restriction of the manufacture and sale of oleomargarine. The manufacturers of oleomargarine have been utterly unable to devise any scheme for successfully evading the law. They cannot by chemical experiments secure the color which is necessary if their product is to pass muster as pure butter, and so they have been compelled to abide by the law. The government reports show that in the year just preceding the one in which the new law changing the oleomargarine tax went into effect there was manufactured and sold 126,515,427 pounds of oleo. Under the new law the production fell the next year to 71,211,-244 pounds, a decrease of 44 per cent. It is said by the dairymen that this reduction in the production of oleo resulted in an additional consumption of butter to a value of over $11,000,000, placing the average price of butter at 20 cents a pound. They say that the decrease in the manufacture of oleo results the output of 650 creameries. Few women can boast of killing two tigers, three bears, two panthers, and a number of smaller animals. This is the record established by Mrs. James C. Donnet, daughter of John H. Whitehouse, of The Larches, Irvington-on-Hudson. Mrs. Donnet went to India some time ago with her husband, who is an officer in the British army, and her surprised and delighted parents have just received from her a letter which shows that their delicately nurtured daughter has been teaching the athletic British girls a few things in the art of killing wild beasts in their native jungle. The letter is in part as follows: "I am the proud slayer of the largest tiger ever shot in India, and he fell at my first shot. He measures ten feet eight inches, has a perfect coat A. B. MRS. JAMES C. DONNET. (American Woman Who Holds Tiger-Shooting Record.) and teeth two inches long. It took 16 men to carry him into camp and I did it all myself and it was such a difficult shot. I am a sort of big bug in camp now. The natives bow down and kiss the hem of my dress, for I am the first lady who has ever shot in these jungles. Ah, I am a lucky beggar. So just listen while I tell you about it: "We heard a tiger had killed a lot of deer in a piece of bamboo jungle about six miles off, so I got about 40 beaters together and took up our position near an open space, while the beaters went into the jungle with drums and horns, driving six buffalo in front of them and making hideous noises. After about half an hour, when the beat was nearly up to my tree, I saw a huge tiger. He was going full bat, so I saw it was a case of then or never, and although it was a very blind shot I let blaze at the vanishing stripes as they flashed through the bamboos. "A roar and rush told me the monster was hit, but I could see nothing, as the jungle was so dense. When the shikar came up I told him where I had fired and got down and with loaded rifles we approached the spot where, about ten yards from where I fired, lay the very finest monster I ever saw and his great striped body did indeed look like a slain king of the forest. The shikar and I all but hugged in our excitement. The monster was indeed glorious with his ten feet eight inches spread out in their full, his gums rolled up, showing his enormous teeth and his skin in its prime, and oh, so beautifully black and yellow. "I had already shot three bears, two panthers and a tiger, besides all sorts of deer and other smaller beasts, and when I saw that monster lying there slain by my own hands it was the proudest and happiest moment of my life and I shall never get over the feeling of exultation." TO REMOVE A RING. A Needle Flat in the Eye and a Bit of Thread Will Do It in a Few Seconds. Most girls have had trouble in removing rings from their fingers. "There is really no necessity for all this ado about removing a tight ring," said a jeweler. "In that, as in everything else, the secret of success lies in knowing how to do it. Here is a recipe that I have found unfalling for removing a tight ring, and there is no painful surgical operation involved, either. Thread a needle flat in the eye, using a thread that is strong, but not too coarse. Then pass the head of the needle under the ring. Care, of course, must be used in this, and it would be best to soap the needle before beginning. The needle, having been passed through, pull the thread through a few inches toward the hand—so." By this time the jeweler had passed the needle and thread under the ring on his own finger and was prepared to illustrate the little lecture. "Wrap the long end of the thread around the finger toward the nail in this manner. Then take hold of the short end and unwind it—so. The thread, thus pressing against the ring, will gradually remove it, however tight or swollen the finger." Power of Gentleness. No bad man is ever brought to repentance by angry words, by bitter, scornful reproaches. He fortifies himself against reproof and hurls back foul charges in the face of his accuser. Yet, guilty and hardened as he seems, he has a heart, and may be melted to tears by a gentle voice. Who, therefore, can restrain his disposition to blame and find fault, and can bring himself down to a fallen brother will soon find a way to better feelings within. Pity and patience are the two keys which will unlock the human heart. They who have been most successful laborers among the poor and vicious have been the most forbearing. N. Y. Weekly. FUSINESS IS FATAL Fact and a Calm, Easy Manner Are the First Essentials of Really Good Manners. Etiquette is not a mere code of formal, useless rules; it comprises the whole range of good manners, and consequently good breeding, tact, politeness and charm. We begin to learn etiquette when we are told to eat with a fork in preference to a knife, or our fingers; to sit with our feet under the table, instead of on it. Many persons have an idea that perfect manners, and a knowledge of how to act under all circumstances, is born in those called upon to move in good society, and that it is snobbish to try and obtain it through books. Than this there can be no greater mistake. The children of the most cultured must submit to a long education in etiquette. Much, of course, comes to them almost as naturally as speech, through the knowledge their children possess; but then the parents must have knowledge in the first place. It is the perfect acquaintance with what is good form, the consciousness of feeling perfectly at ease in whatever situation one may find herself, that gives the easy air of good breeding so full of charm, so well worth attaining. Natural tact, innate refinement, go far, but they do not take one all the way, any more than a naturally clever child can get on without any teaching whatever. But one thing is certain—it is only those who are naturally refined, and possess an inborn tact, who can ever hope to attain perfection of manner, for the foundation of all good breeding is tact. A tactful person grasps a situation in an instant, and is at once prepared to speak and act correctly, no matter what company she may be in. She is neither too familiar, nor too reserved. Next to tact, a calm, easy manner is absolutely necessary to the attainment of an air of good breeding. Fussiness is fatal. An over-accentuated politeness and desire to please is more to be commended, certainly, than the lack of both, but it is almost as far removed from the ease of good breeding.—N. Y. Weekly. NOVELTY IN MIRRORS. Glass Retains Its Transparency, But Possesses Reflection Properties of Looking Glass. Here is a glass which apparently can be used either as a mirror or window. It resembles a mirror because it has the ordinary silvered surface, yet it is unlike a mirror, because it is transparent. On the back of the transparent or translucent plate is a coating which consists of a silvering material, amyl acetate, gun cotton and fusel oil. This coating ```markdown ``` BOTH MIRROR AND WINDOW. is also transparent or translucent, and by means of it the plate is made reflective. Thus the glass, while retaining its transparency, possesses all the reflective properties of a mirror. No notable improvement has been made in mirrors for a long time, and for this reason the news that a new method of coating them has been discovered is of more than passing interest. Detroit Free Press. HOW TO PRESERVE EGGS Keeping Them in Water Glass Is an Effective Method for the Average Housekeeper. Now and then a housekeeper wants to know of some reliable way to preserve eggs in time of summer plenty for the midwinter season of scarcity, when eggs are so much in demand for holiday dainties. Most methods are somewhat uncertain and some really affect the taste of the eggs even if it "keeps" them in a general sense of the word. Those who are studying the subject of egg preservation otherwise than cold storage and in large quantities agree that nothing is better than water glass. This is a solution of silicate of soda which has a consistency something like oil. If but a few pounds are needed the price is about 25 cents a pound. But as it is to be diluted nine times its bulk with cold water, and one pound will cover about 150 eggs, the cost is not so great. The eggs must be perfectly fresh, not store eggs, then stored in a cool, dark place, and experience proves that wood or earthenware is better than metal, because after a time water glass will corrode metal. The theory of preserving eggs in any solution is to keep the contents of the egg from evaporating through the porous shell or to prevent air from entering through the shell to the contents. Anything which completely closes the pores of the shell if it be harmless itself is a good preservative. Some of the substances used are too expensive even if efficient; water glass is both effective and inexpensive. How to Keep Lemons. Lemons will keep better in cold water than on a shelf. ARE SET AGAINST BEER. Illinois Farmers Make Short Work of a Cold Storage Plant and Its Contents. "If there is any place in the middle west where the people are out and out against the saloon business it is down in the central illinois corn belt," said a drummer the other day who knows every merchant in the state south of Bloomington. "The farmers and wise men of the little towns don't mind taking a nip of whisky whenever they get the chance, but they're set against anybody handing it out over a bar. "I was down at Murdock, a little burg in Douglas county, only a few miles from Tuscola, a couple of weeks ago, and I saw an exhibition of the rural dislike for beer that is to be sold. It seems that some man had erected a storage plant there and had shipped in about 40 cases of beer. It wasn't being sold there, I believe, but was being shipped to other little towns—Newman, Camargo and Hume. Well, when the Murdock people learned there was a booze joint in their town they armed themselves with axes, crowbars and what not and attacked the cold-storage plant. They ripped off the roof, tore down the doors and smashed things in general, and when they were through there was a mud puddle of beer about the place. Some of the fellows gazed sadly at the wasted beverage, but not one of them had dared to suggest distributing the contents of the cases. No, they're set against beer down there, but they all like a nip occasionally." FISHMONGERING RAILROAD New Hampshire Line That Used to Supply Customers at All the Stations. While looking through a pile of old papers the Exeter correspondent came across the following article in a New York paper of the date of February 6, 1859, under the caption of "The Smelt Railroad," says the Manchester Union. "It is well known that the Portsmouth railroad has to turn everything to account to pay running expenses, and many are the jokes they perpetrate upon the conductors in reference to their shifts to get a living. It is said that one of them last year was accustomed to bring fish from Portsmouth and peddle them out on the way to Concord. "One day he brought along smelts, dealing out to customers at every station, till he got to Suncook, where he blew his horn and an old woman came out and wanted six, 'just a pattern—all I've got left, you're in the nick of time,' said he, and he began to count them and found only five. 'How's this? I should have six,' and he began to count his fingers, and reckon over how he had disposed of the four dozen he had started with. After awhile, 'I have it; hold on a little while and I'll be back,' said he; and he ran the train back seven miles to a place where he had let a woman have one more than she had paid for, got it, came back to Suncook and let the old woman have the six she wanted, and then the 'smelt' train went to Concord." ADVICE TO YOUNG WRITERS. Be Brief Till You Have Made a Reputation, Says the Literary Agent. "If you have a good incident about which to group a story," said one of the literary agents who undertake the job of selling the young writer's copy, according to the New York Sun, "that incident is worth a certain amount of narrative. It may be equal to 1,500 words or it may be strong and intense enough to make 3,000 possible. Young writers over-elaborate. One came the other day with a story more than 6,000 words long. I told the author that the central idea was good and the story readily marketable if he reduced it to 1,500 words. Of course, he was furious and will send around the story to the magazines. After it has been refused by all of them he will condense it to 1,500 words and bring it back to me. "And how he will criticise the tastes of the magazine readers which compel him to condense his story. He will say that he is not allowed to put in character, observation, wit or anything but the skeleton of his plot. "That is unfortunately true so far as the beginner is concerned. In his case the editors want a story quickly told. After he has acquired a reputation it may be possible for him to digress from the facts of his plot. But he must stick to business until he is well enough known to make people read whatever he writes, whether it is interesting or not." Electric Cars on Ice. One of the winter sights of St. Petersburg is a system of electric tramways on the ice in the Neva. One runs from the left shore of the river to the island of Petrowsky and another from the English quay, opposite the Senate house, to the island of Basilio, near the Academy of Fine Arts. Wooden posts solidly embedded in the ice support the trolley wires. Besides these tramways many wooden roads, intended for pedestrians, cross the water in various directions. In summer bridges of boats take the place of the roads on the ice. The German Dancing Masters' association, at their annual meeting at Dresden, have made an energetic protest against "that monkeyish and indecent dance, the cakewalk, which no dancing master of refinement should tolerate." In Memory of Nelson. The black silk handkerchief which British bluejackets wear was first tied around the sailor's throat in mourning for Nelson, and it was never dropped. PASSING OF THE PANAMA. Their Vogue in England and America the Past Two Summers Merely a Crase. Strangely enough Panama hats are not much affected by Englishmen resident in the lands where they are produced. Their vogue in England and the United States for the past two summers was merely a craze. They were worn by many persons who should have known better, says the London Outlook. Panama hats go naturally with white-duck clothing and soft shirts. Cricketting or boating fiannels will do well enough, but a stiff linen collar or patent-leather boots bring discredit upon themselves or upon the Panama hat. Neither does the Panama go well with a fair complexion and light-colored hair. Your swarthy skin and dark hair carry the Panama best. Girls who would wear them should have well-formed heads and a saucy air. Strict decorum and the Panama hat go not well together. Fat men who perspire steadily and readily should eschew them, for fat or slim will not wear them much longer. The Panama hat is dying. Any specimens which cost three guineas or over may be kept as a curiosity. Under that price they may be burned or converted into baskets. THE WOMAN OF THIRTY. At That Age She No Longer Masquerades and Has Reached Her Highest Capacity. Keith Clark remarks in the Reader that when one knows the age of a woman one knows the woman. The very fact that she permits you to know her age exhibits her character. She no longer masquerades. She has lost a certain uncertainty, an evanescent delicacy, that was irresistible charm. Women, like philosophy, are divided into two classes, the knowable and the unknowable. Also like philosophy, it is the unknowable woman who is the speculable. Therefore, to get her at her highest capacity, she must be unmarried and about 30. The married woman presents certain inescapable telltale data. She has children, and those children have apparent ages, two facts which go far in determining her annals. If she is unmarried, and not "about 30," she is under 30, again an indefinite fact. Being "about 30" is indefinite. She may be more or less. No one hazards a guess. There is a delightful vagueness in being "about 30." It has nothing to do with dates; and many of us who from our youth up have felt no attachment for dates can forgive the unattached their confessed indifference. THE CIRCUIT BARBER. Takes Temporary Quarters in Each Village Twice a Week and Does His Work. The circuit preacher everybody has heard of, but the circuit barber is surely something new, says the Detroit Free Press. "Out on the road the other day," said a man who had been out painting signs in the small towns, "I saw something unusual. Of course, I always read every sign I come to; it is my business instinct. "On one front window of an empty, battered old house, at the end of a village street I read, in great white letters, the word 'Saturday.' Wondering what this meant, I glanced at the next window, on a side porch, and there were printed on the panes of glass these words: 'Shave, five cents—hair cut, ten cents.' "It puzzled me to connect the empty house and the word 'Saturday' with the other notification. Then I decided that it meant that some traveling barber would receive men of the village and the farmers round about on Saturday. In the village I was told that my guess was correct. The barber was a young farmer in the neighborhood; and on two other days in the week he visited two other villages in the country, on the same errand of scissors, lather and razor." TWO-FOOT DRAGON-FLY. The Longest Insect Known Is One That Is a Native of Which is the largest insect is not an easy matter to decide, as the question of shape has to be taken into account, says Nature. The longest known insect is undoubtedly the stick insect of Borneo. Specimens 13 inches in length have been captured. It is an interesting example of mimetic coloring, resembling in a remarkable manner a piece of rough stick. On the bough of a tree it is extremely difficult to distinguish between the insect and the bark. Borneo is also the home of one of the largest specimens of dragon-fly. A specimen of the sub family Aeschna measures six inches and a half from wing to wing, and is endowed with a correspondingly strong body. Another giant insect is the Hercules beetle, found in the West Indies, which rivals a sparrow in size, and might turn the scale against one in weight. Some tropical butterflies measure from 10 to 12 inches across their wings, as does the great owl moth of Brazil. The largest insect of antiquity was a species of dragon-fly, which measured more than two feet across the expanded wings. It flourished during the carboniferous period. Density of City Population. Although there is a certain area of about three and a half acres on Manhattan Island where the density of population is at the rate of 630,000 to the square mile, yet the city of Paris shows a far greater average density of population than New York, the figures for Paris being 79,300 per square mile, and for New York city proper 40,000 per square mile. The average density of London's population is 37,000 per square mile, and that of Berlin 67,609. cHiFs. “this ‘Seétion are not having their ribs _Giacked. Come tm ‘and ‘settle and ‘ahow thet’ all's right st home. There who have mot been squecsed in the jest twe or three years than in any other pert of the State. Pay up!” ‘The Reporter, of Owensboro, Ey. * HHked qur article so well on “F. L. Bar- ‘nett sent fo jail for ten days for con- tempt of County Judge Kavanagh” Sera eae Ax any etedit for it or it =p to “Exchance.” It may be that there are no able writers connected with the Reporter, and thet might be the reason or chuse why i delights to newspapers. | “Major A. F. Terverion, 2826 Stat street, hed as his guest at breakfast ‘Thursday morning Col. William J Coelho, aiddecamp MajorGeneral’s staff, of Honolulu, T. H. Col. Coelho is the official interpreter of the House of Representatives of Hawaii and was here attending the encampment of the Knights of Pythias at St Louis. He Jett Yor Sen Francisco Friday evening and expressed himself as being de lighted with our city and the recep Present at the bveakfast were: Maj. Gen. R. B. Jackson, Maj A. L. Mur- ray, Gen. G. A. Nevels, Supreme At torney S. A. T. Watkins, Grand Chan celior Allan A. Wesley, Sir Alex. Ste- phens. oe Best $10 overcoat for the money iz the city. William A. Kirchberger & Co., 189 Clark street, Chicago. _ Fee Much So. Yrs. Manykids—There is one thing about our girls—they are always self- ; Papa Manykids (grimly) — Yes: they're too self-possessed. I wish they'd Sere a haere as ‘War. ‘We may beat our swords to plowshares Ané our spears te pruning hooks, - ~ And betake ourselves to farming In the peaceful country nooks. Rae Tab bied temndee te ete N.Y, Times. > ‘Based cea Expersence. “My dear,” asked Mrs. Wedderly, “what's tho difference between idealism and realiem?” = “Idealism,” replied the son-in-law of her mother, “is love’s young dream.” “Yes?* said the other half, “and real- ism?” - “Ob,” answered the masculine end of the sketch, “that's what matrimony bumps one up egainst.”—Cincinnat! Enguirer. re Omtzeons. ‘The farmers threaten to create 4 corner to control the wheat; In _which event the old cross road Kor terrors wil have Wall street beat. Washington Star. - Beecuraging the Horses. Cyrus Townsend Brady says that during his missionary life in the west he had occasion one day to ride in a full stage coach up a steep bill. The driver, where the ascent was sheerest, got out and walked, and as he walked he would frequently open the door of the coach and then shnt it again with aclam. This the passengers found an- Tae aie: tubs des of them said, “why do you kick up such an in- ternal noise with that door?” “To hearten up my horses,” the driv- er answered. “Every time they hear this door close they think that one of you, teking pity om them, has-got out, tisir load is lighter."—N. Y. Tribune. ‘The Triumph of Reasen. “And you gave him your heart?” _ “Ob, mamma, how could I withhold ft, after he bad confessed himself utter- Ty unworthy of it?’—Detroit Free Press. $5 tailormade pants, uncalled for, $2.98. William A. Kirchberger # Co, 189 Clark street, Chicago. Wiedom Comes by Reading. — Stop! Don't worry your friends and neighbors about what happens and ‘what will take place in the future Read good books and papers and learn tor yaureelf it is » wise thing to do. You can find the best WEERLY JOUR- NALS end MAGAZINES from all parts of the United States at the famous Afro-American News Office, 3104 State street. You can find each month the tom, Mass.; the Colored Home Journal from Pittsburg, Pa., and « full line of Se assortment of see our display of race journals end the see i you dont fd wat ou , \éave your orfer tor It "We i et nee x oe "= "3. EL PAULKNER, Manacer ~ ." slar apé Udexpe od of Kew Hampshire, A young New York whe wont pone sltGios pel mementos © try his duck early last summer ras nag ty Sf rein laws. The ; te eke 1 an oftese to have in one's Bos Qession @ trout under sfx Inche Jéngth, but the New Yorker didn’t know this, says the Sun. ‘He Was retutming by train from s go0d @ay’s sport, when the conéuctor, after taking ‘up Bis ticket, strolled back and started a conversation. He asked the fisherman what luck he’é haé, and Sinaily atked to bee the catch. . ‘The conductor looked long and care- fully at the fish. Figalty he said: ~.“Young ‘nan, I'm & game warden of this state,“an’ some o° them fish are Under size. Tl have to meastre them” And measure them he éi¢, finding that five were under length. It cogt the young- ster $25 and costs to setfle the bill with the state, and a part of that cum went to the game warden conductor. § ~ The fisherman didn’t know the trick of the native, who, when he hauls out a trout that's under length, cuts off thé tall and défies the warden to tell how long tt was when caught. NOVEL MILITARY RIDE. Mere Than Speed tn Hew Contest. Bir Byelyp Wood has invented s mill- tary ridé whder new conditions, which are to be tested over Salisbury plain, reports Country Life. ‘The conditions are 25 miles of dis- ‘tance to he covered, the riders steering by compass, and horses to be brought tm im such good condition as to show no ‘spur marks and be able to eat a feed of corn within half an hour of coming to the winning post. Among the most important of the minor conditions attached to this ride ig that which provides that the horse ridden shall have been the property of bis rider for at least a fortnight, or if be be a government horse shall have Deen ridden regularly by the man who Mounts him in the competition for a previous fortnight. In order to give competitors no ad- vantage from local knowledge, the ride is to be over a course that will be indi- cated to the riders by the markers post- ed at different places along its devious line, and each marker will indicate to the rider only so much of the course as ‘wil! suffice to take him to the next of these living signal posts. THE POWER OF RADIUM. 4m Ounce Would Drive « 50-Horse Pewer Moter Car Around the Werld. The consular reports published by the department of commerce quote trom the Angio-Indian Review, “and in- teresting and illuminating account” of the possible future applications df radium. The report says: ~ “The area where success is practical- ly assured is et present not very large, but im the medical field it is already fairly extensive. In the working of X- rays and in the marvelous results achieved in the treatment of cancer and Diindness we have every hope for great and universally benefiting results. In its industrial application we are some- what restricted by the extremely lim- ited supply of radium available, but it is stated that s small fraction of an ounce, properly employed, would prob- ably provide a good light sufficient for several rooms and would not require re- newal during the present century. It has been calculated that the energy stored up in one gram of radiam is suf- ficent to raise 500 tons weight s mile high. An ounce would, therefore, suf- fice to drive a 50 horse-power motor car at the rate of 30 miles an hour around the world.” COSTLIEST OF ALL KNIVES. Piece of Ontlery Made in Shemelé, England, Said to Be Werth 84,500. ‘The most yaluable knife in the world is to be seen in the collection of ® famous firm of cutlers in Sheffield, reports London Answers. It is large enough to fit the pocket of none but » giant and contains 75 blades, which can close up like those of an ordinary knife. Bach of the larger biades is elaborately engraved and among the subjects of these strange pictures are views of Sheffield college, the city of York, Windsor castle, Arundel castle apd @ score of*other famous scenes. The batts are of mother-of-pearl, carved with great skill. On one side the artist has depicted a stag hunt and om the other a boar hunt. When asked as to the value of this knife, the firm replied: “Well. we calculated ft up to £920, but that was before it was finished, and then we ceased to estt- mate what it had cost.” Pearls im Indian Territery. ‘Pearls of great value have been dis covered recently in Elk creek, near Muskogee. There is much reason to believe that pearl fisheries stmilar to those which have been developed in er roe eee territory. In many the streams-of the territory are immense beds of mussels, which authorities say a > ee Leeses te Mallee Fichermes. Swies and Italien fishermen on the shores of Lake Lugano have suffered serious josses owing to = Gissnse wn Ripe ae Fees gelllion fish, tained at we eres Pe A. D. GASH — y+ hiltoemey at Taw, 84-86 La Salle Street, Ohicago, Sudes 615 0619, E . ~ Telephone Main $077, ‘TeLarmows Maur soy FEDERICO M. BARRIOS Attorney & Counsellor at Law Ps Suite 50 Firmentch Bldg. LAGE Chicago. LAWRENCE A. NEWBY ATTORNEY AT LAW Room 42, 119 La Salle Street es Williase Haw ard Fitzgerald LAWYER Ran 40f Rewer Baa. =; | GRA PHONES {fie firm STEPHEN A. DOUGLAS LAWYER Sutte 200, 128-125 L& Gaile Street CHICaGo | JOHN FITZGERALD WUSTICE OF THE PEACE: 6701 6. HALSTED STRMET, a ee es eee J. GRAY LUCAS ATTORNEY-AT-LAW Suite 412 Real Estate Board Bidg 58 Dearborn St. Cor. Randelph | CHICAGO. Phone Randetph 55 J. J. HENNESSY, Justice-of-the-Peace, 6301 S. Halsted St. WILLIAM TREXLER. CLERK. TELEPHONE WENTWORTH 4403. Police Magistrate Englewood Police Court. Notary Public. - 5072 Central. BOWARD a. ALEXANDER, ; ATTORNEY aT Law. Bee 510, 1p Deaspora Street, CHICAGO. Robert M. Mitchell Attorney at Law Suite 9, No. 77 South Clark St CHICAGO WILLIAM RITCHIE ATTORNEY AND COUNSELOR. (Butte 819-0 Oxtort Buliding 84 LASALLE ST., CHIcCAgo Tatepnone Main 1646. “# J.E. JONES LAWYER 79 Clark Street . Room 9 Chicago S.:A. McELWEE LAWYER... ~ 36 S. Clerk St., CHICAGO, ~ Rpem 708 Ogden Sutiding | Residence, 3153 Forest Av. ALBERT 8. GEORGE LAWYER 423 Asbiand Biock, Chicago. .-_aae FOF Sale OF ent. Houses, fist buildings, and lote in ity and suburbs, on easy monthly in- Fire Insurance - CEO. W. FAULKNER @ CO. - WILLIAM C. KUESTER. oe ~ SUPERINTENDENT. 1994 N. Western Ave., Chicago. Telephone Lake View 270. JohnJ. Dunn wie PCOALS e- WOOD Tete et cacss a Phenix Oil & Mineral Co. OF AmizOmA $200,000 CAPITAL : Pays diviaends | per cent. monthly or - ~ 32 per cent per uno «m. i. ! pew oes ot Ie 3 os ton Se porientae & dress | THE DAVIES (AYESTMENT COMPARY 614 First Nat onal Baok Bidg., Chicago HOHENADEL BROS. ‘ é 2112253. perces Street oe UNIFORM CAPS * ET eee, Gt aooeeme. me "Phone Central 5125, Fece Maseage, Shampocing, Scalp Treating Mrs, Warner Chiropodist and Manicuring Removes . orns Without Pain Medicated Foot Baths aid Foot Massage 138 State St, 4th Floor, Chicago A. HOFFMAN, CLEANER, DYER . AND PRESSER. Suits Sponged and Pressed = 5c 5r25State St. Seierte Prices JACOB FEINBERG _ Market and Grocery : Telephone 565 South ‘81st and State Ste. ' CHICAGO NOTARY PUBLIC. Offet Phone, M, 781 Residence Phone, Blue 5385, W. G. ANDERSON, ATTORNEY AT LAW. J.Q. GRANT& CO. Collections, Loans and Insurance, SUITE 61,119 LASALLE Residence, 3232 Wabash Avenue, CHICAGO. Tel Yards6iS Fe 7 Notary Public John J. Bradley Real Estate, Insurance and Loans Property managed. Abstracts examined. Renting. Legal papers prepared. 4709 South Halsted Street = - ae Chicago T. J. HUNTER LADIES’ FINE CLOTHING OF ALL KINDS GENTS SUITS AND OVERCOATS Private Salas Room 3149 State St. Second Fler WONDERFUL DISCOVERY Curly Hair Made Straight By O2ONITED OX, NARROW . a Fay atl 5 pie Stes 8 8 Mason and JM Higsinbothan e=-" | REE agen | 226 East 25th Sweet - - - CHICAGO F. W. BOYD sear im COAL, WOOD AND ICE APNG aD Eto Oy tiie 4656 Armour Avenue, CHICAGO. feliepaorne Yards: 718 | k H M. JUNK, Proprietor . J | JOS. P. JUNE, Manager 3700-8710 South Halsted Street and 897 to 929 Thirtyseventh Street en a a ee MRS. A. WILSON. Nicely furnished rooms to rent for gentlemen. Reasonable rates, 2252 Mrs. Anna L. Newby. to gentleman and lsdies, with bath apd gas. 2623 Wabash avenue. - American Brick Co. - President and Treasurer, THOMAS CAREY. Vice-President, JOHN SHELHAMER, : Secrejary, WILLIAM SULLIVAN. MANUFACTURERS OF Gommon and Sewer Brick Office and Yards: 45th and Robey Sts. seme Sh io pe o Rooms for Rent. Elegantly furnished rooms for rent ith Dath and gas at 8232 Wabdasp avenue. } AGENTS AND CORRESPONDENTS WANTED, es ‘The Broad Ax desires to engage agents and regular correspondents in ail the leading cities and towns ip [l- ‘Haots and throughout the other sec dong ot the country. The highest ‘Sommissions paid to live hustlers ees me