The Broad Ax

The Dyer Anti-Lynching Bill Has Passed the Lower House of Congress By a Vote of Two Hundred and Thirty, One Hundred and Nineteen Congressmen Voting Against It, Which Included Seventeen Milk and Water Republicans. MISS CONGRESSMAN ROBERTSON REPUBLICAN, OF OKLAHOMA, TURNED HER BACK AGAINST IT. EIGHT DEMOCRATS, INCLUDING HON. BOURKE COCHRAN, THE NOTED IRISH-AMERICAN ORATOR AND LAWYER OF NEW YORK CITY, AND CONGRESSMAN LONDON, OF THAT CITY, SOCIALIST, VOTED IN FAVOR OF ITS PASSAGE HON. MARTIN B. MADDEN, FROM THE FIRST CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT OF, ILLINOIS, DELIVERED THE FOLLOWING SOUND AND LOGICAL ORATION IN FAVOR OF ITS ENACTMENT, AND STOOD SHOULDER TO SHOULDER WITH CONGRESSMAN L. C. DYER, FROM THE TWELFTH CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT OF MISSOURI, IN HIS GREAT FIGHT FOR RIGHT AND JUSTICE: Read The Broad Ax and be happy VOL. XXVII. The Dye House Thirty Voting and W MISS CONGRESSMAN, REPUBLICAN, TURNED HER BACK EIGHT DEMOCRATIC HON. BOURKE NOTED IRISH-ACTOR AND LAWYER CITY, AND CONDON, OF THAT VOTED IN FAVOR SAGE HON. MARTIN B. THE FIRST CONSTRICT OF, ILLINOIS THE FOLLOWING LOGICAL ORATION ITS ENACTMENT SHOULDER TO CONGRESSMAN THE TWELFTH DISTRICT OF GREAT FIGHT JUSTICE: The Dyer Anti-Lynching Bill passed through the lower house of congress the latter part of the past week after a hard fight and bitter battle on the part of its friends and supporters, including Hon. L. C. Dyer, father of the measure, who has since its passage been showered with letters and telegrams heartily congratulating him over the great victory which he has scored. To their everlasting shame seventeen milk and water so-called Republicans, hailing from all parts of the country voted against the bill, while on the other hand, eight Democrats from many parts of the country recorded their votes in favor of its passage and be it said to their undying honor that most of the Democrats who voted for its passage were Irish-Americans. As stated before, one socialist congressman, London of New York voted with the Democrats and Republicans. The following are the seventeen Republicans joined the 102 Democrats in voting in the opposition to the measure: Barbour, California; Brown, Tennessee; Clouse, Tennessee; Curry, California; French, Idaho; Herrick, Oklahoma; Hersey, Maine; Jones, Pennsylvania; Kelley, Michigan; Layton, Delaware; Luce, Massachusetts; Nolan, California; Parker, New Jersey; Robertson, Oklahoma; Sinnott, Oregon; Slemp, Virginia, and Stafford, Wisconsin. Democrats who voted in the affirmative were: Campbell Pennsylvania; Cockran, New York; Cullen, New York; Gallivan, Massachusetts; Johnson, Kentucky; Mead, New York; O'Brien, New Jersey, and Rainey, Illinois. Congressman Martin B. Madden of the First Congressional District of Illinois, who bravely fought all along the line in favor of the Dyer Anti-Lynching Bill, delivered the following sound and logical oration in behalf of its enactment into the organic laws of the United States. Mr. Madden. Mr. Chairman and gentlemen, what a happy world this would be if there were no crime anywhere; and what a happy people the American people ought to be, for they above all the rest of the world have privileges that no other people enjoy. Of all the nations in the world this Nation certainly should be the most law-abiding, for here as nowhere other in all the world the powers of the powers of the overment come up from the people to the State, while in every other nation rights go down from the State to the people. The privilege of being an American citizen is the greatest privilege that can be granted to man. The responsibility that an American citizenship carries is great, and the responsibility should be assumed along lines that are in keeping with the privilege. There ought to be no man anywhere in America either above or below the law. This is a government of laws and not of men. The law should be supreme. The humblest citizen, no less than the most exalted, should have the protection of the law. No citizen or combination of citizens should be permitted under any circumstances to arrogate to themselves the right to control the law. No mob violence should be tolerated in America. America has made the most wonderful progress of all the nations of the world. She is the leader in belief of liberty to the citizen. She believes in the uplift of the human race everywhere. We boast of freedom we have extended to subject races in other lands, and yet we forget the humility that is imposed on 12,000,000 people in our own land. The bill under consideration pending before the House is one that seeks to remedy an appalling evil, one which ought not to be permitted to exist in a civilized nation, one which is the most serious blot on American supremacy among the nations of the world. The bill that is pending before us seeks to remedy that awful evil. We do not hesitate to say that we are willing to divide the police power of the State with the Nation to enforce prohibition, but we hesitate, or many do, to divide the police power of the State with the Nation to preserve human life. The question is, Is human life less sacred than the appetite of the individual which we seek to control through our prohibition legislation? Human life should be taken only after the most sacred and painstaking legal consideration. Crime should be punished by whomsoever committed, but it should be punished only after a fair trial in the courts of the land by a jury of our peers. (Applause.) The Constitution of the United States guarantees life, liberty, and property. Is life less sacred than property, less sacred than liberty, that we should permit to go unpunished mobs here and there and everywhere who take unto themselves the right of life and who punish by lynching some one, perhaps, who may be charged with a heinous crime for which the courts would punish that CHICAGO, ILL., SATURDAY, February 4, 1922. M. Member of Congress from the First Congressional District of Illinois, Who Will Be Re-elected to Congress This Year, Delivered a Splendid Oration in Favor of the Passage of the Dyer Anti-Lynching Bill. --- person if the case was properly presented and tried? The time has come when we can not call this the land of human dignity and human liberty unless we eradicate this appalling evil. Among the greatest achievements ever accomplished by civilized nations was that accomplished by America when it freed the slaves. It gave to the world the evidence of our desire to place men where they could have an opportunity to make progress as men and not as chattels. They have made this progress to a greater extent than that of any race that history reveals. Today the Negroes of America have among them teachers, preachers, doctors, artists, merchants, manufacturers, bankers, and are engaged in every useful occupation which America affords. They have men of education and refinement among them. Their heart beats with as much love for their offspring and for the liberties that they ought to enjoy as the heart of any other man in any other race. Why should we as a great Nation, claiming the leadership in the world's progress, any longer hesitate as to what our attitude shall be with respect to the treatment of this great people? The anti-lynching bill pending before the House is not a bill in favor of the protection of the Negro particularly. It is in favor of law and order. (Applause.) It is in favor of law enforcement. It is a bill to provide for the enforcement of the law in sections of the Nation where the political units of the Nation refuse to enforce it themselves. Will anybody doubt the wisdom or the justice of the law that will punish crime? Does anybody deny that this law pretends to do anything more than that? Will anybody doubt the necessity and importance of giving to the world a declaration such as this law will contain, and that is that America now and henceforth proposes to wipe this stench from the annals of its activities? Will anybody doubt that life should be protected and that mob violence should be eradicated and eliminated? Will anybody say, no matter who he is or how much he may be opposed to any freedom for the Negro, that he is not entitled to the protection of the law in the land where he has been accorded the rights of citizenship? Will anybody say that the nation which commands his life in time of war, drafts him into the service, where he must give everything he has for the freedom and protection of the nation under which he lives, that he is not entitled to the protection of the nation which he is giving his blood to 'preserve? (Apause.) Will anybody say that mobs may be organized anywhere and that no law exists for their punishment? Will anybody charge or assert that because some man, forsook, who may be a Negro, is charged with the commission of a crime, that he is not entitled to a trial before a jury of his peers? Why do we organize the courts? Is it for the purpose of protecting only one class, or are they representative of the citizenship of the Nation? Mr. Connally of Texas. Will the gentlemen yield? Mr. Madden. No; not now. I am not in favor of permitting anywhere in this land the organization of any number, no matter how powerful they may be, to take the law into their own hands. Many men have been lynched because it has been said that they committed rape. No man who would commit rape should be allowed to live, but he ought to be tried and convicted by the courts, I do not care whether the man be black or white. Such a crime should not go unpunished any longer than it takes to try and convict the man who commits it, but who shall say that the courts are not to be permitted to try the case! Shall some mob somewhere be permitted to take a man charged with crime from his own home, perhaps a man it may be who is innocent, and who frequently is, and lynch him because his skin is black? How many of these lynchings have happened in the case of white men? Not many. That would not last long. These people, who presume to aggregate to themselves the right to dictate the law ```markdown ``` of the land while they are violating the law would not go far in the communities where they lived if they undertook to lynch white men, and why should they go along very far when they undertake to lynch black men or black women? If the courts are impotent in the sections of the country where these crimes are committed to punish those who commit the crimes, then there ought to be some remedy. What is the remedy? This bill proposes the remedy. I want to see it passed. I want to see the laws of the land enforced as to everyone, the rich and poor, black and white, Jew or Gentile. Everyone in America, no matter what the color of his skin may be, as long as he behaves himself is entitled to the protection of the law. Everyone in America who fails to behave himself and violates the law should be punished. I am in favor of law enforcement to the letter, not only in connection with this sort of crime but in connection with all crime. I do not believe there is any man in America who should be powerful enough to escape the punishment that is justly his for any crime that he may commit, after a fair trial; but he ought to have the right of a fair trial. The laws of the land provide that he shall have. If he does not have, then the laws of the land are violated. I know of no crime that anybody can commit against which the law should be more rigidly enforced than this crime of lynching. A man may commit murder and he may do it in a passion, in a heat of the moment, but you would not lynch him for that. You would give him a fair chance to be tried, you would give him a chance to be tried before a jury of his peers. If the evidence was against him, you would convict him, but if it was proven that he was not guilty of the offense of murder he would be either acquitted or perhaps be convicted of a less crime. Nobody can say that a mob, organized deliberately for the taking of life and foiling the law of the land, does what it does in the heat of passion or without deliberation. There can be no question but that the (Continued on page 2) CHARLES E. STUMP, THE REGULAR TRAVELING CORRESPONDENT FOR THE BROAD AX, IS STILL HOOFING IT AROUND IN THE SOUTHERN STATES. Hope, Arkansas.—Of course we are all thanking Congressman L. C. Dyer for pushing his bill through the House of Representatives, and I want to suggest to every voter in this country to now write to your Senator and ask him to put forth an effort to have the bill pass the Senate, and I feel that there is no doubt about President Harding signing it. I believe he is just American enough and brave enough and man enough to put his signature to the bill as soon as it is passed up to him. Every friend to our American institutions should favor it, for this will say to the civilized world that we are interested in law and order at home as well as abroad, and that we are going to see to it that men who break the law with impunity shall be punished by the law they break. That we are not so weak that when a man is accused of crime that criminals shall punish him. Every man who takes part in a lynching is guilty of murder, and when this law is made a law, you will find more places doing like Oklahoma City did a few days ago, send a few of the lynchers to the chair or put them beyond bars for safe keeping. It is going to be in our country after a while that it will be just as easy to get a man out of hades when one consigned to that hot clime, as it is to get an accused man out of jail without due process of law. Once in jail, or within the hands of the law he is as safe as he is in heaven. That is what we want, and that is what we are going to have. A few men tried to bring Tuskegee into it by saying that they had misrepresented facts down there, but one has only to go over the daily papers for a year, and then see. You have the story before you, and the Lord will tell you the rest. It has been claimed that men were lynched only for the nameless crime, but that is not true, for they lynch some men in some places for just disputing a white man's word. There are men who think that they can mistreat and abuse another man and if he opens his mouth he will get his gang and put him to death. This is indeed a heluva way to do business in a civilized country and among civilized people. Of course if the law passes, they are going to take it direct to the Supreme Court and try to defeat it there. You see there is no appeal from the decision of that tribunal except to arms, and I believe the best lawyers and judges in the country have wighed well that bill, and they believe that it is in keeping with our constitution to protect human beings at home as well as abroad. I love my country and my flag, and I will march right into that place where the wind was never known to blow in order to resent an insult to Old Glory, and now what will Old Glory do for me? I know I am protected abroad, but then I need just a little protection at home. We have always fought for the flag, and will continue to do so. The first blood spilled for these United States was the blood of Crispus Attucks, and we die like men on *the battlefields of France, and we will die again if necessary, and I fear it may yet become necessary. I say to Uncle Sam just get the other straight, for me and mine are in good shape and ready whenever called upon. I have been moving some since I wrote you the last time, and you find that I have left Texas. Just one week ago I was in San Antonio, and 5 CENTS per copy No. 20 Lower red and ressmen en Milk IP, THE REGULAR ORRESPONDENT AD AX, IS STILL AROUND IN THE ATES. since then I have been to Hawkins, Austin, Fort Worthi Texarkana, and now I am in little Hope, and here I am doing some hoping. This is a good place to come when you want to hope, especially if you can just get in touch with one of the most remarkable men of the age. Prof. Henry Clay Yerger, who is an educator of the first grade, and a man who has done so much to inspire the youth of his race, and is still holding his life on the altar for others to reach their goal. This noted educator came into the world via the county where he is now, and took time to become an educated man, getting his finishing touch at Philander Smith College, about 37 years ago. He has been a real student ever since. He came to Hope to take charge of the school in 1886, and has been right here ever since, and you may know from this that a generation has been educated under him, and he is still young and active. He keeps up, and if you don't believe it, just step into his den and see his books, his papers, his magazines, and see him digging away. It is manners to get in touch with him. Reaching here there was a committee from the Henry County Training School to meet and greet me and in the name of Prof. Verger and the school to make me welcome. On the committee was Miss Lena Plantevigne, of Louisiana, who was connected with the Southern University last year and who is doing a great work here, and Miss Enola Porche, a graduate from New Orleans University, and a native from New Orleans. She is indeed a brilliant young woman, and I want to congratulate Louisiana for giving to the world such a brainy young woman She weighs about 90 pounds and 80 of it represent brains. Miss Plainteveigne was connected with Southern University, Baton Rouge last year, but she had a vision, a call for greater service, whether it was greater pay or not. She came here and was placed in charge of the work. She not only teaches the children but she teaches the grown ups every afternoon at 4 o'clock and she is teaching them the practical things about the house, and what she doesn't know about housekeeping and cooking is not in anybody's book. She is going to make some man a good wife and believe me honey she will help him save and live at the same time. She is in the hearts of the people. She is loved by all the women in this section' of the country who declare that she is the greatest woman who ever came down the pike. Just recently they had the whole community together. She is called the teacher of home economics, but I don't know just what this it, but it is just what she is. She spoke to the women of the community, and I am glad to say that there were women of the other race present, who listened to her instructive address. Some of them were wives of the Board. She told of the work today and of the plans for the future. Then followed a solo by Mrs. C. Yerger, reading by Miss L. Whatley, and she knows how to read, I tell you, and a solo by Mrs. Reddix Yerger, and remarks by Prof. H. C. Yerger, and he in his closing remarks introduced the leading white women who were present. Fine talks were made, and it showed that the women of this country are thinking, and that they all want to be of helpfulness to each other. Thank God for the spirit. Lunch was served to all the visitors. I want to tell you about my visit to Mawkins, Texas, in another letter, for I have said too much this week. If you desire to give me an expression on the Dyer bill, send it to me at 822 Jefferson street, Montgomery, Alabama. CHARLES E. STUMP. THE BROAD AX Published Every Saturday In this city since July 15th, 1899, without missing one single issue. Republicans, Democrats, Catholics, Protestants, Single Taxers, Priests, infidels or anyone else can have their say as long as their language is proper and responsibility is fixed. The Broad Ax is a newspaper whose platform is broad enough for all, ever claiming the editorial right to speak its own mind. Local communications will receive attention. Write only on one side of the paper. Subscriptions must be paid in ad-One Year .....$2.00 Six Months .....$1.00 Advertising rates made known on application. 6206 So. Elizabeth St., Chicago, Ill Phone Wentworth 2597 JULIUS F. TAYLOR Editor and Publisher Associate Editor DR. M. A. MAJORS 4700 South State Street Phone Drexel 1416 entered as Second-Class Matter, Aug. 1902, at the Post Office at Chicago, Ill. Under Act of March 8, 1879. THE DYER ANTI-LYNCHING BILL HAS PASSED THE LOWER HOUSE OF CONGRESS (Continued from page 1.1) organizers and participants in a mob should be tried, and should be tried instanter—without delay, and a quick and sure punishment should be meted out for the crime they commit; but even then I would not advocate that those people should not be permitted to be tried? I would not let some other mob take the law into his own hands to punish those who were guilty in the first mob. I would insist even then that they should be tried. Every man who commits a crime in America is entitled to a trial. He is entitled to the protection of the law. If the law provides that his life shall be taken because of the crime that he commits, then his life ought to be taken; but it does not provide anywhere in the law, it is not written on any statute book anywhere in America, that any number of men outside of the law, even officials of the Nation, shall be permitted to take the law into their own hands and hang innocent men or even guilty men. So, Mr. Chairman, I am in favor of this bill and I am anxious to see it passed, and passed without delay. (Appease.) The aims and objects and the provisions of the bill to punish those who take the laws into their own hands and set themselves up as judges of the laws appears in another column of this paper. The United States senate should pass the Dyer Anti-Lynching Bill without delay. ABSTRACT OF THE DYER BILL PREPARED BY THE RESEARCH AND RECORDS DEPARTMENT OF THE CHICAGO URBAN LEAGUE After committee amendments the Dyer Bill carries the following provisions: Sec. 1. Mob is defined as five or more persons acting in concert to kill, without lawful authority, as a punishment or an attempt to prevent some offense. Sec. 2. Any State or division thereof neglecting or refusing to protect any person against a mob is considered to have denied that person the equal protection of the law. To guarantee this protection it is provided: Sec. 3. Any officer, with power or duty to protect, or having in charge a prisoner, who fails to protect or to try reasonably to protect such a prisoner, or any officer neglecting to arrest and prosecute any person participating in a mob or to make reasonable efforts to do so, shall be guilty of a felony, punishable in the Federal District Court by five years imprisonment or a fine up to $5,000 or both. Any person in a mob who takes a prisoner from any officer and kills him for an offense, or who participates in a mob that prevents an officer from discharging his duty, and kills his prisoner, shall be guilty of a felony punishable by imprisonment for from five years to life. Sec. 4. And county in which a death by mob occurs shall forift $10,000 to the family or dependents of victim; action to be brought in any court of the United States with jurisdiction in that county, and may be enforced by levy on property of county, in case of failure to pay. Anyone disobeying or failing to comply with order of court shall be guilty of contempt of court and punished accordingly. Sec. 6. If person put to death by a mob is transported through more than one county, all counties involved THE FEDERAL NATIONAL PARKS ASSOCIATION HON. JAMES H. LAWLEY Republican Candidate for Renomination for Trustee of the Sanitary District of Chicago, to Be Voted for at the Primaries Tuesday, April 11. shall be jointly and severally liable to pay the forfeit. Sec. 7. If any section of the law is found invalid, balance of law not affected. ored press which served so loyally and faithfully, the Association wishes to extend its thanks. The effectiveness of this work is demonstrated by the repeated charges made on the DYER BILL PASSED BY HOUSE NOW GOES TO U. S. SENATE The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, 70 Fifth avenue, has issued a statement calling the passage of the Dyer Anti-Lynching bill by the House of Representatives a triumph in the fight against mob rule in America and asking all citizens to work together to insure passage of the bill by the United States Senate, to which it now goes. The statement follows: "At three-thirty o'clock on January 26, 1922, after eleven years of effort by the N. A. A. C. P., and by other bodies, the Dyer Anti-Lynching Bill was enacted by the House of Representatives in Washington, by a vote of 230 to 119. Congress has issued a message to the mobber and the lyncher which he can no longer ignore. A long step has been taken toward ending what has been the shame of our country for the last fifty years. "The bill as passed by the House of Representatives is called 'A Bill to assure to persons within the jurisdiction of every State the equal protection of the laws, and to punish the crime of lynching.' It defines a 'mob or riotous assemblage' as three or more persons acting in concert to deprive any person of his life, without authority of law, as punishment for some crime, or to prevent commission of some actual or supposed public offense. "The Dyer bill was introduced in the House of Representatives on April 11, 1921, and was favorably reported by the Committee on the Judiciary on October 20, 1921. It was made the subject of a special rule, which was passed by a two-thirds vote of the House. General debate on the bill was begun on the reconvening of Congress in January, of 1922, fourteen hours of debate being assigned to it. "The efforts of the N. A. A. C. P. to have this bill enacted were begun when Mr. Harding was elected President. James Weldon Johnson, secretary of the N. A. A. C. P., repeatedly called on the President and prevailed upon him to introduce in his message to Congress a plea that the stain of barbaric lynching be wiped from the banners of American democracy. Mr. Johnson was instrumental in having inserted in the Republican national platform a pledge that lynching would be dealt with. "At every step during the progress of the bill Mr. Johnson was in closest conference with the leaders in the House of Representatives. Often leaders stepped off the floor of the House of Representatives to consult with Mr. Johnson on tactics to be pursued or on arguments to be advanced. The statistics prepared by the N. A. A. C. P. were quoted on the floor of the House of Representatives and were read into the Congressional Record for distribution throughout the United States. "One of the most effective steps taken by the Advancement Association was the organizing of sentiment throughout the United States among voters, both white and colored, towards demonstrating to Congress the desire for enactment of anti-lynch legislation. This was done through the Association's 400 branches, through churches, clubs, fraternal organizations and other bodies. To all of these and particularly to the col- ored press which served so loyally and faithfully, the Association wishes to extend its thanks. The effectiveness of this work is demonstrated by the repeated charges made on the floor of the House of Representatives by Southern members that the Dyer Bill was not the bill of the Republican Party but was being forced through the House by the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People. "The passage of the Dyer Bill in the House of Representatives conclusively demonstrates that orderloving citizens of the United States can get what they want if they organize to get it. The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People calls upon every colored man and woman in the United States to begin at once telegraphing and writing his or her Senator in Washington, urging that the United States Senate, without delay, follow the lead of the House of Representatives and enact the Dyer Bill into the law of the land." HAIT'S DELEGATES TO THE HAGUE DENOUNCES AMERICAN INVASION The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, 70 Fifth avenue, New York, has made public a statement by M. Pierre Hudicourt, Hati's delegate to the second Hague Conference and former head of the bar association in Haiti's capital city, Port au Prince. H. Hudicourt, who is in New York on his way to Washington to make additional protest to the United States Senate against American occupation of his country, made the following statement: "In my capacity as Haitian delegate to the second conference at the Hague, where I signed all the conventions there adopted, I am obliged to protest against the bad faith of the American government which, under pressure of financiers and business men, decided to invade Haitian territory and to destroy our national independence. Our independence, like that of America, was conquered at the price of our best blood and the greatest sacrifices. My hope is to move the American people as profoundly as possible to decide their government to accomplish the only possible act of justice to Haiti, which is to retire from the invaded territory. "I consider as odious hypocrisy the pretexts of humanity and interest in the Haitian people invoked by the United States Government in perpetrating upon Haiti a reign of terror and extortion, continued since 1915. The treaty of 1915 cannot be invoked against Haiti as a basis for the American regime for it was imposed on the country as a result of hypocritical deceit and acts of violence. If an individual had done to another's hurt what the United States Government has done to the Haitian people, the only punishment adequate would be life imprisonment or the scaffold." MORE TROUBLE FOR A COL ORED MAN AT DALLAS, TEXAS Roby Williams, who was involved with the city two years ago in connection with the segregation ordinance is again in difficulty with the officials. This time the city wants some land for a fire station at 8th and Cliff sts. The land in question belongs to Mr. Williams and has been condemned. Negotiations are nearly complete, only the signing of deeds and a few other technicalities having to be observed. The price fixed in the proceedings is $4,000. THE BROAD AX, CHICAGO, ILL., SATURDAY,February 4, 1922. BOOK CHAT--BY MARY WHITE OVINGTON—CHAIRMAN OF THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS 'OF THE NATIONAL ASSOCIATION FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF COL- ORED PEOPLE. AUTHOR OF "HALF A MAN," "HAZEL," "THE SHADOW,"ETC. M. A. C. HON. JOHN F. DEVINE The Best Clerk of the Probate Court that Cook County Has Ever Had, and He Will Be Renominated and Re-elected to His Present Position This Coming Fall. "THE NEGRO CONQUEST OF FRANCE" By Norman Angell, an article in the Freeman for January 11, published at 116 West 13th Street, New York City. Price, 15 cents. I am turning from books to a magazine article that seems to me of especial significance. Mr. Norman Angell is a well known English writer, who has broad views on international questions. He attended some of the sessions of the Pan African Congress both in London and in Paris. This article is of great importance because it shows us clearly what those who attended the Pan African Congress observed, that the French Negro is first a Frenchman and second a Negro. I quote Mr. Angell: "The English speaking group (at the congress) habitually spoke of themselves as 'we Negroes' while those from French territory spoke of themselves as 'we Frenchmen.'" This, as Mr. Angell goes on to explain, comes from the fact that France draws no color line. The Negro members of the Chamber of Deputies, for instance, or of the legal profession, have not only no official difficulties, they have no social difficulties in their relationship with their white colleagues. "They dine in the homes of members of the cabinet, plead for white clients in the courts, and it would never even occur to their French colleagues to treat them with any sort of social exclusion." France has managed to make these men and countless other Africans, feel that they are all French in spirit and feeling as well as in law. Mr. Angell finds something fine about this "from the purely moral or sentimental aspect" but he wants us to consider it politically. And what does it mean politically? To Mr. Angell it means this: That hereafter the success of France means Negro success, and that the French Negroes, wiser than the visionaries who talk of a consolidarity of the black race, have France to fight their battles for better treatment the world over. The French Negro leader thought, as Mr. Angell conceives it from the meetings of the congress but still more from private conversation, is something like this: "There is a great instrument of power which can be used for the defence of Negro interest and right within our reach if we play our cards properly. That instrument is the political and military power of France. We possess in African conscription the wherewithal to bargain for the placing of French power—and France is the predominant military state in the world—on the side of Negro right. Let us look at a few facts. "The French army is already one-third Negro. The birth rate of France is stationary. But the birth rate of the Negro is not stationary. There is one way and only one by which France can maintain a permanent parity of power with her age-long enemy, Germany, and that is with the help of the African Negro. We Negroes therefore hold the balance of power in the greatest quarrel in Western civilization. * * What more could we ask as an instrument for securing our rights in the world? France shall be our spokesman among the white powers. When on the next occasion a colored nation, whether Asiatic or African, demands as a principle, say, of the League of Nations, the recognition of racial equality, and when some new Mr. Wilson, as the protagonist of democracy, chooses to oppose that principle, then France shall stand upon it. She shall stand upon it because that will be the one condition of her being able to put any reliance upon her largest military raw material. In any vital Negro question, this greatest of the military powers will support us. * * * We must ask a large price for our military support; and that is the greatest political asset of the Negro race today." So Mr. Angell interprets the Negro in France and the willingness of the great mass of Negroes in the African possessions, who ten years ago did not know the Rhine from the Congo, to accept the leadership of their black Frenchmen in high office and be conscripted to fight in Europe. This is "The Negro Conquest of France," a political conquest that may be of far reaching significance to all of Europe. And yet is that just what Mr. Angell means by the Negro conquest? He has a footnote, one that he intends to be sinister. In it he suggests a racial conquest of France, a mingling of black and white blood. Is this his conquest? You must read it and make your own judgment. At any rate it is a significant article, perhaps, the best of a number of articles of liberal tendency published recently in The Freeman. IN WISCONSIN Mrs. Lou Ella Young, 3556 Giles Avenue, D. G. M. N. G., or Households of Ruth of Illinois and jurisdiction, is spending a part of the week in Milwaukee, Wis., visiting and instructing the Households there as well as preparing for a new lodge to be set up. [Name] HON. MATT. A. MUELLER Republican Candidate for Renomination for Trustee of the Sanitary District of Chicago to Be Voted for at the Primaries Tuesday, April 11. LITTLE PHILOSOPHY, BUT BIG WORDS, THEREFORE THUNDER orgy for Nero, Napoleon and the German Kaiser. The murder of a hundred million men to bring lustre By D. M. A. Majors Mr. Arthur Brisbane said it. If you want anything fight for it. You get that from Ireland. As long as you don't fight you don't get anything. You learn that from India. The above is the very essence of the purest philosophy. This does not mean to be always pugnacious, or waging strife, brutally carrying on a bloody war. The Negro people should struggle against adversity, against dirt and ignorance, while yet contending for rights, and protesting for privileges that others seem to have. The idea is not to always be brutally giving away to force impelled by ignorance and dominated by vicious natures with an improper and mistaken idea of reaching distances far away, just by thinking or acting hatefully. We are in great need of the intelligence which would enable us to properly interpret our status quo, and which would help us to modify conditions and circumstances. There are lots of things being done to us, maybe the half of them because the oppressor is more ignorant and less civilized than we are. The chief idea is to have the right kind of spirit and knowledge to deal with marauding situations as they arise. Of course we meet opposition which the whole people do not deserve, but if we were not up and active, and ever on the alert to brave the storms of racial conflict possibly our progress would slow down to no progress at all. It is that meanness and contempt of those who hate that compuls us to struggle forward and upward. If the poor, illiterate whites had some of the same kind of prejudice to meet and overcome it would be a very good thing. It would wipe out the illiteracy of the South in two generations. While we are at it we might just as well speak of white as a color. It is a fallacy. It is the greatest fake that was ever peepatrated against humanity. A white goat and a black goat, a white cat and a black cat, a white bird and a black bird, while from the color viewpoint they are just as opposite as color can make them. Yet he who would say that a white goat is better than a black goat, a white cat better than a black cat, a white bird is better than a black bird, would be looked upon as some freakish specimen of the damn fool variety. Yet when we think of a white man and a black man even our philosophers crusted in ignorance of the ages, and beset with the prejudices of hell will at once without giving the matter a thought tell you that a white man is better than a black man. Now come, let us see whether it is so. What is the chief quality, and noblest attribute of a human being? It certainly cannot be the color of a human skin. Skin does not possess any attribute. Yet if without anything to sustain the persistent who screeches skyward like a dog at bay that white is better than black, and is therefore to be regarded as superior, then our rejoinder is that stealth and perfidy, torch and treachery of the white skin stands condemned before the world for ten thousand years. It has brought about reforms and made history rythmical, filled the air with music and song, panoplied with grandeur the art of supermen, given the world a literature while beautifying language, yet when we stop to think that every step toward the satisfaction of the ambitions has been made through the red shed blood of his brother kind it brings a world shaking shudder to the human race. Everything low and devilish, a million inquisitions concentrated into one grand collosal nightmare and orgy for Nero, Napoleon and the German Kaiser. The murder of a hundred million men to bring lustre and greatness to a white skin. Mr. Brisbane is right, if you want anything, fight for it, and if you don't fight you don't get anything. Intelligent wars are waged by philosophy and truth, and our greatest victories are won without the loss of a tear, or a scowl of a frown. ARE YOU HELPING OR BEING HELPED? By D. M. A. Majors What is the thought uppermost in your mind today? Have you a well defined, clear and fixed notion about any of the grave problems that seem to be perplexing our worthwhile citizens? Do you think much outside of the things that personally interest you? Well, if you do not, it is a good thing that others do. Much or most of all the good done in the world is for someone else. But, if you are not thinking of the interests of others welfare, and have no fixation about helping others, what are you doing for yourself? Certainly you might be doing something for yourself. No, you cannot help others you need help yourself? Help in what? Your ambition cannot be very much if you are helpless. Usually this kind of fellow loves jewelry, fine clothes, money to spend, but he despises work. Search him and you may find his pocket full of pawn tickets, a little book full of addresses of cheap people whose only hope in life is to shine, and pass as counterfeit and imitation of the real. This is not an overdrawn picture. Something to eat and something And shine for a moment so the devil don't care. Clothes become an obsession to many. Having a purpose in life is what adds a premium to righteous existence. Savagery of the jungles is almost emphasized in the life of many we meet in the large cities. Ignorance and superstition and bold degeneracy parades itself with a stomach fed on pig feet and chittings. Culture and the human graces are just like so much Greek to a great many of our race that unfortunately could not any more be socially elevated than you could teach a bull frog to play a nocturne. BIGHT SOUTH CAROLINA AT TEMPT AT FILM DISCRIMINATION The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, 70 Fifth avenue, New York, has announced that letters had been written to the chief motion picture producers in the country calling their attention to a proposed law in South Carolina which would prohibit the showing of motion pictures exhibiting women of one race in motion picture theatres of another race. The bill was introduced in the lower house of the South Carolina legislature by J. Walter Moon, has been passed in that house and now awaits action in the South Carolina Senate. The letter sent out by the National Association for the Avancement of Colored People refers to the Moon Bill as a "vicious and dangerous precedent in legislation." SOME BETTER Mr. Catron, 617 E. 63rd street, who received internal injuries while returning from a visit to his brother. Sunday afternoon, in an accident, is some better. RETURNS FROM SOUTH Mrs. Maud E. Smith, 3915 Indiana avenue, an officer of The Sisters of Bethany, has returned from a visit with relatives and friends in Kentucky and Ohio, where she has spent several weeks. [Portrait of a man in a suit with a tie]. HON. GEORGE B. HOLMES President of the Trustee Board of the Fort Dearborn Hospital, Who Is a Great Vote Getter; Who May Be Induced to Become the Republican Candidate for Sheriff of Cook County. DO YOU EVER FEEL THE SPIRIT? By Dr. M. A. Majors Sometimes we have the love of Christ a stirring in our hearts. It is indeed the only really big thing worthwhile. To feel the love of Christ is the greatest joy to be treasured, sung, and thought of with an intelligent child. This is to be regarded as the privilege of the Christian. But we must not forget that the mind must be intelligent. We have met men and women who could not read and write, but it does seem that they had become intelligent from a religious point of view and could revel in the joys and transports of religious rapture by the side of which nothing else compares. But, we are not to be rated as making a business of going to heaven. No other race has ever been so rated. The beatific visions, and all the heaven blessed forces that occasionally arouse our drooping spirit are not to be discredited. Our race is in greater need of God and heaven to fill its mind for years yet to come. If we had gone through the pioneer period of commerce and could fasten our minds on the chances of wealth, and we might conjure in the race consciousness such glory on earth as a financial Gibraltar, like the Jew, with his Rothschild bankers, the house of J. Fierpont Morgan or the Rockefellers of the Caucasian race, we COL. MORRIS LEWIS, WILL MAKE THE RACE FOR THE LEGISLATURE FROM THE THIRD SENATORIAL OF ILLINOIS. There are many legislative candidates in the field, in the Third Senatorial district; among the most prominent are Miss Nellie Callaway, Mr. George H. Huff, Attorney E. J. Marshall, Hon. A. H. Roberts, Hon. Warren B. Douglas, Mr. George T. Kersey, Col. Morris Lewis and several others. Mr. Lewis is well and favorably known, and he is fully capable, in every way, of discharging the duties of a state legislator. For more than twenty-Two years he has been private secretary to Commodore Ferdinand W. Peck, which P. would have less need for tears, and this wouldn't appear so much to our religious hearts as a waste howling wilderness. "The poor have always been contented in their care of heaven." A few more failures with a characteristic perseverance and possibly another century and we won't have to be stirred by the spirit so much to feel good. BIG MINSTREL SHOW AT THE AVENUE THEATER The first of this week, Joseph C. Herbert's world renowned minstrel show struck the Avenue Theater, 31st street and Indiana avenue. The show is a scream from beginning to end, and it has created a great sensation among the theatrical lovers on the south side. The show consists of forty high class, colored artists, including many lady artists. It has a great band of twenty pieces which wakes up the town every time it heads the parade through the streets. Lester Carter is its head funny comedian, and A. J. McFarland is the silver voiced tenor. It can be truly said that Herbert's world renowned minstrel show, is the peer of all the colored minstrel shows now in existence today. Mr. Tom Norman, manager of the Avenue Theater, is highly elated over the great rush of business and states that the minstrel show is playing to more than capacity houses at each performance. has given him a wide business training or experience. Mr. Lewis is a prominent member of the Grand United Order of Odd Fellows. He and his good wife, Mrs Lewis, and their four children, reside in a lovely home of their own at 3633 Giles avenue. For years Mr. Lewis has been one of the strongest supporters of Hon. Oscar De Priest, he has been secretary of his "People's Movement" ever since it started. He assisted to put up a great fight to re-elect Alderman DePriest to the City Council from the second ward in 1918, and stood by him to the last ditch, and the many friends of Mr. Lewis feel that Mr. DePriest will be more than willing to extend a helping hand to him in his race for the legislature from the Third Senatorial District of Illinois. THE BROAD AX, CHICAGO, ILL., SATURDAY, February 4, 1922 OPEN MIND-TRAINING CLUB OPEN MIND-TRAINING CLUB Dr. Adena C. E. Minott of the Clio School of Mental Sciences, Inc., together with members of the Efficiency Board have just organized The Clio Mind-Training Club to which a nominal membership fee is charged. This club will make it possible for persons who are desirous of improving themselves to the highest to attend twelve instructional talks by lecturers of national repute free. Every normal being has a desire to rise and be success, or more successfull, and the purpose of this club is to furnish such knowledge as will aid persons in solving their own individual problems and to be successful. The meetings will be held at the studio of Dr. Minott, 615 East 36th street, and began last Friday evening. The following are the lecturers of the course: Dr. Henri E. R. Altenloh, physician of the State institution at Dunning; Dr. W. I. Hoschouer, instructor-in-chief of the First Unity Society of Chicago; Attorney W. E. Mollison, orator and thinker; Mr. Clifford C. French, of the Sheldon School of Salesmanship and Dr. Adent C. E. Minott, metaphysician and character analyst. The general public is invited to join this club and to attend its opening meetings. SUCCESSFUL EDUCATORS MET AT NASHVILLE, TENN. The heads of Colored colleges and other educators met with representatives of the National Medical Association at Nashville last week to consider how to raise and maintain higher standards of education among Colored people, and with particular reference to the study of medicine. The meeting was held under the auspices of the Commission on Medical Education for Colored people. Sixty persons, some of national prominence, were in attendance at the sessions, which were held at Meharry Medical College, Dr. Green of the National Medical Association presiding. Among the speakers were President Hope of Moorehouse College, Dean Johnson of Lincoln University, President Durkee of Howard, President McKenzie of Fisk, and Dr. Claxton, former United States Commissioner of Education. The latter urged the same standards of education for both colored and white colleges, and emphasized the fact that the elementary and secondary work must also be improved. The body in its resolutions adopted the standard list of colleges as determined by the Phelps-Stokes Foundation, and urged a re-classification of all Southern schools with a view of setting higher standards. HOUSEHOLD HOLDS INSTAL- LATION St. Augusta Household of Ruth, 5765, G. U. O. of O. F., held its first anniversary exercises and installation of officers January 26 at Peoples Movement Club, 3140 Indiana avenue, at which time the officers were installed by Inmates Lou Ella Young, D. G. M. N. G., assisted by Inmate Ella G. Berry, D. G. M. W. R. Among other officers present were George T. Kersey, D. G. M. and Dora A. Byrd, ex-D. G. M. Following the installation, a banquet was held in the dining room below. The banquet was in charge of a committee of which Inmate Hattie Rogers was chairman and much credit is due them. All present were pleased with the occasion and every one expressed themselves as being elated as there has never been such an affair in the fraternal circles. Flowers and cash were presented to Inmates Lou Ella Young and Ella G. Berry; flowers and cash were presented to Inmate Ida M. Nelson as was a past most noble governor collar. Officers installed were: Inmates Josephine Towns, noble governor; Lettie Brown, right noble governor; Nettie Cooper, worthy recorder; Minnie Moore, worthy treasurer; Hattie Rogers, prelate. CHICAGO URBAN LEAGUE RUMMAGE SALE The Chicago Urban League Rummage Sale will be held February 9, 10, and 11 at the League office, 3032 S. Wabash avenue. Come and buy anything and everything—clothing of all kinds for everybody, furniture, rugs, lamps, shades, antiques and curios, dishes and china-ware, phonograph records and piano player rolls baskets, and other things too numerous to mention. Contributions of such articles are requested and may be sent to the league at 3032 Wabash avenue, or telephone Calumet 0710 and they will be sent for. Give what you have and don't want! Buy what you want and don't have! For the benefit of the Chicago Urban League. EXPECTS BIG SEASON M. T. Bailey, president of The Bailey Realty Co., and manager of The Milton Mercantile Agency, 3638 S. State street, is making great preparations for a big season of lot selling and improved property in Morgan Park and other suburbs. He has already added several good agents to the force for 1922. NEWS ITEMS The law firm of Dawson and Moore have opened up a very pretentious office at 184 W. Washington st. These young university disciples of Kent, Webster and Clay evince a very seasoned philosophy. They are apt to believe in the maxim "Nothing succeeds like success." They are showing the world "success" in the very elaborate and well appointed offices, and naturally enough nothing succeeds like it. Mr. Charles Pierce, electrician and one time teacher of electrical engineering at Tuskegee, where he built the electric lighting plant of the famous school, has been promoted to a position of electrical instructor in the Lane Technical High School The Broad Ax congratulates Mr Pierce. DELIVERS ADDRESS Before a large and enthusiastic audience in the A. M. E. Church at Pontiac, Ill., Sunday afternoon, Hon. Adelbert H. Roberts, state representative, delivered an interesting address and was highly received by all. The audience, bankers, business men and fraternal men of both races, and many who had not heard Mr. Roberts before, congratulated him on the masterly address at the close of the program. Mr. Roberts was introduced as a silver tongued orator by state Senator Essington. Another good speaker on the day's program was Attorney Lowry. STOPS IN CITY En route from Columbus and Cincinnati, Ohio, and Indianapolis, Ind., to St. Louis, Mo., Hon. Wm. H. Fields, national grand master of A. U. K. & D. of A., stopped in the city a few hours during the past week. While here he conferred with Mrs. Eliza Jackson, state grand queen; Rev. T. L. Scott, national chaplain and M. T. Bailey, associate editor of The National Monthly Magazine of A. U. K. & D. of A., and chairman of the Building Committee. BACK FROM SPRINGS James Sims, 9 E. 36th St, a well-known barber, is just back from Hot Springs, Ark, where he spent three months trying to regain his health. Although somewhat improved, he will not be able to be out in a few weeks. "Wound Up." I had been scolding one evening. The next afternoon my neighbor dropped in to inquire about my sister Jennie, who had been sick. I said I guessed the only thing that alled her was that she was run down. Little Bob, four years old, who had been listening, piped up: "Well, mother, why don't Aunt Jennie get wound up like dad said you were last night?" —Cleveland Plain Dealer. Ivory Nut There are two species of palms producing nuts hard enough to be employed as a substitute for ivory in the manufacture of small articles of domestic use, but the one best known to commerce under the name of ivory nut is the fruit of Phythehephas macrocarpa, native of New Granada and other parts of Central America. Come to Think of It. A man was describing to a woman the compensations of nature—how in the blind the feeling of touch was acute; how those who were deaf in one ear often heard clearly with the other, and how a person blinded in one eye often sees extra well with the sound eye. "Yes," said she, "it's remarkable. And, come to think of it, I have always noticed that if a person has one short leg the other is always longer." Beginning and Commencement Beginning and Commencement. The Latin commencement is more formal than the Saxon beginning, as the verb commence, is more formal than begin. Commencement is for the most part restricted to some form of action, while beginning has no restriction, but may be applied to action, state, material, extent, enumeration, or to whatever else may be conceived of as having first a part, point, degree, etc. The letter A is at the beginning (not the commencement) of every alphabet. Novelty for Jerusalem. Jerusalem has passed through a siege and war without being damaged by the invaders or the besieged, for the first time in the history of the city. The British airplanes flow over the Holy city frequently to observe the movements of the Turkish forces, but no bombs were dropped on its historical buildings by order of General Allenby, the commander-in-chief. It was the eighteenth time the place had been captured since the city was built. Advertising Solicitor A live or wide awake newspaper man or solicitor can earn some easy money by calling on or addressing the undersigned. Julius F. Taylor, 6206 S. Elizabeth street. Phone Wentworth 2597. WAISTLINE IS LOW WAISTLINE IS LOW Long Bodices Slightly Blousing: Pagoda Sleeves. Silhouette Remains Practically Unchanged in Mid-Winter Showings by French Dressmakers. The silhouette remains practically unchanged in the mid-winter showings of clothes by the French dressmakers, writes a Paris fashion correspondent. The waistline is very low—long bodies are slightly blushing. Skirts flare toward the bottom and sleeves are long, the short sleeve being the exception. Sleeves are of the pagoda type, or they may be caught in at the wrist. There are a few tight-fitting sleeves, some full ones with the fullness gathered into the wrist and many that are wide and straight. Many show fanciful slashings, through which a bright colored undersleeve is revealed. Red is still a favorite color for facing wide sleeves as well as for undersleeves. The long, floating scarf of a contrasting color is a feature of Jenny's afternoon and evening dresses. Even serge dresses in her collection exploit this idea. Frequently the scarf is of silk, such as foulard. Skirts are longer, the hem being about six inches from the ground. The perfectly slim, straight skirt is being rapidly replaced by the one of circular cut. In most instances the ripples appear at the sides only, the back and front hanging in straight lines. Hem lines are irregular. The effect of an uneven hem is not obtained through panels as frequently as it was last season. The wide floating panel is passing. It has served its purpose—that of producing an uneven appearance at the bottom of the skirt. I Freck of Black Canton Crepe With Low Waletline and Full Sleeves Caught at the Cuffs. The unevenness still is there, but is obtained by the cut of the bottom of the skirt. Narrow bands of silk or cloth have replaced panels, and usually hang longer than the skirt. It is quite the thing to have these bands of a contrasting material and color from which the dress is made. LIKE WHITE CREPE DE CHINE Fabric Choice for Winter Dresses Continues Around This Color—Georgette Still Shown. The fabric choice for winter dresses continues to center itself around crepe de chine, with white the favorite color employed. There is a little flesh to be seen, but in small percentage. Bisque has a little better showing but does not approach the white in quantity. Lately the slightly deeper pastel colors have been given more attention, a number of the colors being found among the recommended spring shades. Some of these are used in combination with white, such as flame, mauve, yellow, red and green, with the softer tones employed also for white blouse models. Canton crepe reappeared on the blouse horizon, divided about equally between white and the pastel coloring. It is used especially for sports models designed for travel southward. Geogette is still shown and has many effective treatments. The waning status of this silk may be gauged to some extent, by the declaration of some blouse authorities that it is "dead." This is an exaggeration, however, as it is well thought of and well used by many manufacturers. Cape Costumes for Sports. The cape costume has made strides in popularity lately, especially in tweeds and other sports wear fabrics. One shopper wore a brown homepump cape, short at the front and falling below the hips at the back, over a frock with the brown material for front and back panel and circular sections of brown and white plaid for the sides of the skirt, this plaid also collaring the cape. Photography. Photography was invented in 1802 by Thomas Wedgewood, by whom photographs were produced; and the process was perfected in 1841. In the meantime, in 1830, Daguerre and Niper invented the process of making daguerreotypes by the use of the "dark room" process. Doctor John Dill Robertson To the Great Regret of the Citizens of Chicago, he and Out As Its Health Commissioner, For I Best Public Official Who Has Ever Serv Citizens in That Capacity. To the Great Regret of the Citizens of Chicago, has Stepped Down and Out As Its Health Commissioner, For He Was the Best Public Official Who Has Ever Served Its Citizens in That Capacity. Acrsed W. H. Lady—"Aren't you ashamed to begged You are so ragged that I am ashamed of you myself." Hobo—"Yes, it is kind of a reflection on the generosity of the neighborhood, mum"—American Legion Weekly. Tree Seeds by No Means Alike Tree seeds vary greatly in the amount of time they take before they sprout. Seeds of the Kentucky coffee tree must lie in the ground at least two years before their hard coats are sufficiently softened to allow the sprout to escape, while cottonwood seeds die within a few hours if they do not fall on favorable soil. Little Manufacture in Santo Domingo. The Dominican republic is primarily and naturally an agricultural country, and manufacturing is carried on only on a most limited scale; in fact, the total motive power employed in the various manufacturing industries in Santo Domingo, the capital and largest city of the republic, is less than 250 horsepower. Johnny, only three years old, was being entertained with some music on the phonograph. He was told by his aunty that he would soon hear a bear growl. Johnny looked very much frightened, and then whispered: "Oh, Aunty, don't open dose doors on de Wicktown or bear might tum out." —Chicago Herald and Examiner. Annual Rainfall There has been recalculated from recent data the amount of rain annually falling upon the earth's surface. It is found that it is equivalent to a layer of water of the uniform depth for the whole globe of about $35\%$ inches. The amount falling on the land is equivalent to a uniform depth of $29\%$ inches, considering only the land which is drained by rivers flowing into the sea. It is calculated that only 30 per cent is returned to the ocean, and that the rest is removed by evaporation.—Washington Post. Many superstitions are connected with the shoe; for instance, it is thought unlucky to put either shoe on the wrong foot. Because Augustus Caesar was nearly assassinated by a mutiny one day when he put on his left shoe first, a saying has arisen that the right "shoe" must be put on first unless its owner wishes to court misfortune. Pythagoras, old Greek sage, told his disciples to put their left foot into their baths first. In Anglo-Saxon marriages the father-in-law gave the bride's shoe to the bridegroom who touched her on the head with it to denote his lordly authority. INTEREST IS SUREST ROAD WEALTH INTEREST IS THE SUREST ROAD TO WEALTH Perhaps there is not enough money in your pocket right now to buy something to, wear—but there is enough to start your fortune! Your account is welcome here and you may start as low as $1.00 any ILLINOIS TRUST & SAVINGS BANK La Salle and Jackson Streets Chicago Safety First Shoe Lora. as of Chicago, has Stepped Down Commissioner, For He Was the so Has Ever Served Its that Capacity. A Bostonian Lesson. Pronounce "Cannes" with the Bostonian "a" as in "dance," to rhyme with "aunts" and not with "ants."—Boston Globe. Wealth Vanishes in Smoke. Every year 33,000 forest fires, involving some 12,500,000 acres of timberland, cost us $20,000,000. Greater vigilance would save much of this appalling waste. "Last night I got several magazines and a dish of nuts and ate them," said an Emporia college girl; and the Gazette dubs this sort of thing a literary digest.—Capper's Weekly. Do Not Reach for the Moon Psychological science apparently has exploded the good old notion that "babies will reach for the moon." Dr. John B. Watson states in the Scientific Monthly that when actually put to the test they will watch attentively anything they see moving, no matter what its distance, but that they will not reach for it until it is within 20 inches of them. "Henry VIII" is supposed to have been drawn mainly from Cavendish's "Life of Wolsey" and from the chronicles of Chette and others. It was accepted that the play—the last of the Shakespearean works—was not written by him in its exact final form, but was somewhat modified by Burbage and his company in preparing it for the stage. This, if done, probably was with Shakespeare's consent. Poetry at the Graveside A new style of professional mourner has appeared in Paris where at the end of the ceremony at the grave he steps up and asks permission to say a last word. No objection being made he recites a piece of suitable poetry with suppressed emotion and when the party is leaving the cemetery he is found waiting at the gate and intimates that a gift would be acceptable, which is generally forthcoming. Man Not Unlike Lower Animals Man Not Unlike Lower Animals. Darwin says that weeping is a habit that "must have been acquired since man branched off from the common progenitor of the genus homo and of the nonweeping anthropomorphous ape." This assertion causes us to arrogate to ourselves one more point of difference between us and the lower animals, until we read on and find an account by this same author of an Indian elephant, which, when held captive, sobbed bitterly while tears rolled down his face.—Chicago Dally News. A Literary Digest "Henry VIII." are soft, silky hair that can be easily dressed has made happy thousands of women who ha hair. It will do the same for you. If you and lifeless or if you have dandruff and itching of EXELENTO QUININE POMADE. urging stores. Price by mail 25 on receipt of stamps or coin. AGENTS WANTED—Write for Particulars. MEDICINE COMPANY, Atlanta, Georgia EXELENTO SKIN BEAUTIFIER, an ointment for dark, sallow skins, used in treatment of skin troubles. YOU can have soft, silky hair that can be easily dressed. ExELENTO has made happy thousands of women who had coarse, nappy hair. It will do the same for you. If your hair is brittle and lifeless or if you have dandruff and itching scalp, try a box of EXELENTO QUININE POMADE. For sale at all dermatological clinics. Will sell for stamps or coin. ALL CARES WANTED—Write for Particular. EXELENTO MEDICINE COMPANY, Atlanta, Georgia We make EXELENTO Skin Beautifier, an itemment for dark, shallow skins, used in treatment of skin troubles. TELEPHONE DOUGLAS 1 GE F. HARDING, JR REAL ESTATE Up-to-Date or Ma and S 3101 COTTA Corner 31s Phone FURN Brass and Wood B Refrigerators, Hardwa HENRY 2515-19 A JAS. B. McCAHEY, President FRANK J. DUNN, Vice-President ESTAB or Modern Houses, Apartments and Stores to Rent COTTAGE GROVE AVE. Inner 31st Street, Chicago Phone Yards 27 FURNITURE Wood Beds, Electric Washers, Operators, Stoves, Paint, Oil, Hardware, Linoleum ERY STUCKART 5515-19 ARCHER AVE. President Office-President PHILIP J. DUNN, Secretary H. X. COMERFORD, Treasurer Up-to-Date or Modern Houses, Apartments and Stores to Rent 3101 COTTAGE GROVE AVE. Corner 31st Street, Chicago Brass and Wood Beds, Electric Washers, Refrigerators, Stoves, Paint, Oil, Hardware, Linoleum HENRY STUCKART 2515-19 ARCHER AVE. JAS. B. McCAHEY, President PHILIP J. DUNN, Secretary FRANK J. DUNN, Vice-President H. X. COMERFORD, Treasurer ESTABLISHED 1877 JOHN J. DUNN COAL CO. Telephone 5100 Federal Street Telephone Oakland 1550 set CHICAGO ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ A. L. WILLIAMS ATTORNEY AND COUNSELOR AT LAW Suite 706 Firmenich Building 184 W. Washington St. CHICAGO Are Your Valuable Papers Safe? --- LINCOLN OLN STATE BANK OF CHICAGO State Government Supervision and South State Streets Telephone Victory 4500 Phone Main 2017 Residence 3655 Prairie Ave. Phone Douglas 9133 1,000 New Safety Deposit Boxes Have Been Installed in Our Vaults Says her hair was short,coarse and nappy before using this wonderful hair grower. CHICAGO Residence, 1282 Macalister Place Telephone Monroe 2714 MILES J. DEVINE ATTORNEY AT LAW Suite 318-320 Reaper Block Clark and Washington Sts. CHICAGO Telephone Central 1239 ISN'T it worth $4.00 a year to you to know that your valuable papers and personal effects are secure—that all possibility of loss by fire or burglary may be forgotten? We have recently added one thousand new safety deposit boxes of solid steel construction in our vaults, just doubling our previous accommodations. Additional individual rooms for the use of our patrons have also been built in, insuring absolute privacy and greater convenience to safety deposit box renters. In the past, there has been a great scarcity of safety deposit boxes and we anticipate that this additional section will be rented very readily. We suggest, therefore, that if you wish one of these boxes, you call at the bank or phone your reservation at once. Rentals, according to the size of box required, range from $4.00 to $12.00 a year. Individual vaults, for those whose requirements are greater, rent at $25.00 a year. We wish to remind you that this bank has for sale a few very desirable small first mortgage-approved as safe conservative investments. THE BROAD AX, CHICAGO, ILL., SATURDAY, February 4, 1922. JOHN McGILLEN & CO. Our interest in a client's welfare doesn't cease with the payment of premium. We frequently have been of helpful service to patrons in general business lines. Representing Assets Over Eleven Millions Phone Central 4287 Telephone Kenwood 1233 J. B. CLITH REAL Renting, Insurance 7 West 5 Renting, Insurance, Mortgage Loans 7 West 51st Street Notary Publici Phones: Office Main 4153; Residence 4751 Champlain Avenue Phone Kenwood 5611 Walter M. Farmer ATTORNEY AND COUNSELOR AT LAW Suite 708—184 W. Washington St. CHICAGO HOWARD U WASHING Founded by GENER HOWARD UNIVERSITY WASHINGTON, D.C. Founded by GENERAL O. O. HOWARD J. STANLEY DURKEE, A. M., Ph.D., D. D. President EMMETT J. SCOTT, A. M., LL.D, Secretary-Treasurer COLLEGIATE AND PROGRAM Junior College, covering the Freshmen the Senior Schools. Senior Schools, consisting of the Sci- ism, and Commerce and Fi- A. B. or B. S., A. B. or B. S. in Commerce and Fi- School of Applied Science, four in Civil Engineering, B. Mechanical Engineering, B. and B. S. in Household E. Evening Classes. The work of the may be taken in evening ch School of Music, four year course, School of Religion, three year co- Th. B. Courses are offered School of Law, three year course, School of Medicine, including Medi- Four year courses for Medi- for Pharmaceutical students Following degrees granted: Students may enter for collegiate work REGISTRATION Autumn Quarter Winter Quarter Spring Quarter FOR CATALOG AND INFORMATION F. D. WILKIN Junior College, covering the Freshman and Sophomore years and leading to the Senior Schools. Senior Schools, consisting of the Schools of Liberal Arts, Education, Journalism, and Commerce and Finance, granting respectively the degrees, A. B. or B. S., A. B. or B. S. in Education; B. S. in Journalism; B. S. in Commerce and Finance. School of Applied Science, four year course, granting the degree, B. S. in Civil Engineering, B. S. in Electrical Engineering, B. S. in Mechanical Engineering, B. S. in Architecture, B. S. in Agriculture, and B. S. in Household Economics. Evening Classes. The work of the Junior College and the Senior Schools may be taken in evening classes with full credit. FROM ON AND AFTER THIS DATE BROAD AX CAN ALWAYS BE POUND ON SALE AT THE FOL LOWING NEWS STANDS: Dr. J. S. Dorney's Drug Store, 434 K. 31st Street, corner Vernon Avenue. The Porter-White Drug Co. store, southwest corner 4700 S. State St. Turner Williams' barber shop and laundry office, 4803 S. State St. Edward Felix, notions, cigars and news stands, 3002 S. Dearborn St. George W. Boyd, news stand and show shining parlor, 3620 S. State St. Thomas Bell, news stand, ice room parlor and laundry office, 17 W. 58rd St., near State. F. Bishop, cigars, tobacco and news stand, 8 W. 27th St., near State. A. D. Hayes, cigars, tobacco, stationery and news stand, 3640 S. state St. Dodson's shoe shining parlor and news stand, southwest corner 35th and State St. Mrs. Moses Batcliff, president of the Willing Workers' Club of St. Catherine A. M. E. Zion Church, 273b Elmwood Ave. Moon Opens Philippines Plants. The light of the moon when it beams down strongly in the Philippines will cause the leaflets of various legumes to open and spread out nearly as much as they do during the day sunshine, F. C. Gates of the Kansas State Agricultural college told the Ecological society at Toronto. At twilight the leaflets normally fold up for the night—Science Service. And They All Disappear. The output of the pin factories of Britain amounts to over a million millions of pins a year—a figure which would in ten years cover every town in the kingdom with a layer of pins several inches deep. Notary Public HOWARD UNIVERSITY IERO & CO. ESTATE ce, Mortgage Loans 51st Street Uses of "Atomized" Coal. "Atomized" coal—different from merely "powdered" coal because very minutely divided—is a new product that is finding important uses. It is used for making a high-grade paint and also a substitute for lampblack in the manufacture of ink. Another valuable employment for it is in "facing" foundry molds, to give the surfaces a smooth finish in preparation for castings. UNIVERSITY ATTON, D.C. ALB. O. HOWARD PROFESSIONAL SCHOOLS Human and Sophomore years and leading to schools of Liberal Arts, Education, Journal- inance, granting respectively the degrees, B. S. in Education; B. S. in Journalism; finance. For year course, granting the degree, B. S. B. S. in Electrical Engineering, B. S. in B. S. in Architecture, B. S. in Agriculture, Economics. The Junior College and the Senior Schools classes with full credit. Granting the degree of Mus. B. course, granting the degrees of B. D. and also by correspondence. Granting the degree of LL B. Medical, Dental, Pharmaceutical Colleges. Medical and Dental students; three year course. M. D., D. D. S., Phar. C. Work at the beginning of any quarter. September 28, 29, 30, 1921 January 3, 4, 1922 March 18, 20, 1922 WRITE SON. Registrar To Increase Percentage. There are no two ways about clerder when it works it works hard.—Boston Transcript. Discrimination A salesman recently told the Bow Street magistrate that no swearing is allowed nowadays in Covent Garden Market. This exclusion of all golfers, ratepayers and spring-cleaning victims is surely rather drastic—Punch (London). The Silent "H." The letter "h" is not pronounced at the beginning of the word hour, heir, herb, humor, honest, honor, and their derivatives. Many people are unaware of the fact that the word herb does not have its "h" sounded. "H" is silent also when it comes after the letter "r," as in rheumatism. Few Gas Blowers New. A great many glass articles and particularly the finer grade commodities are blown by hand. In the past the glass blower was an essential and an indispensable employee in the glass plant, but today he has lost a great deal of his importance. The lung power of the blower is being replaced more and more by compressed air in the glass-blowing machine. Light Affects Wood. There is a figure which may be bought out prominently in certain kinds of woods, mostly those of tropical origin, says the American Forestry Magazine. This is variously known as roe, ribbon grain, feather grain, etc., and appears as narrow to broad longitudinal stripes, alternating light and dark. This is due, not to actual differences in color, but to the way in which the light is reflected by the different layers. Mercerized Goods. Mercerized cotton is obtained by subjecting a cotton yarn or cloth under tension to a bath of strong caustic soda. The fiber gains in strength and loses its twist, becoming highly lustrous. It takes the dye more easily than ordinary cotton, and the colors produced are better and more permanent. The process of mercerization increases the cost of manufacture, but produces a beautiful, lustrous and more durable fabric, which is often used as a substitute for linen or silk. CHICAGO CHICAGO WASHINGTON, D. C. FUNERAL DIRECTORS 5121 ERNEST H. WILLIAMSON UNDERTAKER GARAGE GASOLINE OIL OPEN DAY & NIGHT Ernest H. Williamson UNDERTAKER Day Light Chapel, capacity 200, Outside Ventilation—Organ and Organist Free— I am as near as your Telephone—I give service at a reasonable price—Distance immaterial, consult me—I save you worry, time and money. 5121 & 5123 SOUTH STATE STREET CHICAGO, ILLINOIS PHONE MAIN 2214 A. D. GASH ATTORNEY AT LAW 118 N. La Salle Street CHICAGO Residence 3342 Calumet Ave. Telephone Douglas 1278 JAMES G. COTTER ATTORNEY AT LAW 145 NORTH CLARK STREET SUITE 407 Telephone Central 8384 CHICAGO Formerly Assistant Attorney General State of Illinois Res. 3846 Grand Boul. Doug. 4397 J. GRAY LUCAS ATTORNEY-AT-LAW 129 E. 31ST STREET Suite 16-17 Phone: Douglas 6351 CHICAGO BINGA STATE BANK Under State Supervision CHICAGO Capital ..... $100,000.00 Surplus ..... 20,000.00 Offers Equal Service to All 3% INTEREST ON SAVINGS SAFE DEPOSIT VAULTS State Street and 36th Place Motion Pictures. The first motion picture machine was patented in 1867, but nothing practical resulted from it until 1888, when the cinematograph was produced by Lumier. This was the first machine to project on a screen a picture from a film. Edison improved on the idea in 1896 when he produced the vitascop. These machines provided the models for the improved types in use today. PHONE KENWOOD 455 THE HISTORY OF THE MUSEUM West Englewood Trust & Savings Bank Capital, Surplus and Undivided Profits, $500,000.00 OFFI John Bain, President Michael Maisel, Vice-Pres. Edw. C. Barry, Cashier The Cranford A 3600 WABAS The finest building ever op. ed. Steam heat, electric lights, OFFICERS A. President Maisel, Vice-Pres. Barry, Cashier Arthur C. Utesch, Assoc. W. Merle Fisher, Assoc. and Tru Cranford Apartment 3600 WABASH AVENUE building ever opened to Colored tenants in bat, electric lights, tile baths, marble en 63 J. W. Casey, Agt. 133 W. Was John Bain, President Arthur C. Utesch, Asst. Cashier Michael Maisel, Vice-Pres. W. Merle Fisher, Asst. Cashier Edw. C. Barry, Cashier and Trust Officer THE BROADWAY The Cranford Apartment Bldg. The finest building ever opened to Colored tenants in Chicago Steam heat, electric lights, tile baths, marble entrance FUNERAL DIRECT AL DIRECTORS Phone Main 263 CHICAGO