The Gazette

OBITER DICTA AT SCOTTSBORO TRIAL EL SALUD DE LOS AMERICANOS FIFTY-FIRST YEAR. NO.21. OBITER SEE US FIRST FOR ALL GOOD JOHN S. HALI PRICES REASONABLE SATISFY JEWELER AND OPTOMET Eyes Carefully Examined and Glasses 7709 CEDAR AVE., Cleveland, Ohio. IF MONEY WILL Churches, Lodges, Clubs, Y engage J. GORDON B Famous Psychologist, Dramatist Always a BIG SUCCE 2192 E. 101st St., Cleveland, O. BITER D FIRST FOR ALL GOODS IN OUR JOHN S. HALL SEASONABLE SATISFACTION GU JEWELER AND OPTOMETRIST Carefully Examined and Glasses Properly FI R AVE., Cleveland, Ohio. HEr IF MONEY WILL HELP Churches, Lodges, Clubs, You Can engage J. GORDON BUNCH, Famous Psychologist, Dramatist and Lecturer Always a BIG SUCCESS. 101st St., Cleveland, O. SEE US FIRST FOR ALL GOODS IN OUR LINE JOHN S. HALL PRICES REASONABLE SATISFACTION GUARANTEED JEWELER AND OPTOMETRIST Eyes Carefully Examined and Glasses Properly Fitted. 7709 CEDAR AVE., Cleveland, Ohio. HEnderson 6028 IF MONEY WILL HELP Churches, Lodges, Clubs, You Can engage J. GORDON BUNCH, Famous Psychologist, Dramatist and Lecturer. Always a BIG SUCCESS. 2192 E. 101st St., Cleveland, O. CHerry 1259 DR. A. M. GIBSON Dental Surge OFFICE HOURS: 9 to 12 A. M., 1 to Sundays: 10 A. M.-2 P Dental Surgeon E HOURS: 9 to 12 A. M., 1 to 5 and 6 to 9 Sundays: 10 A. M.-2 P. M. OFFICE HOURS: 9 to 12 A. M., 1 to 5 and 6 to 9 P. M. Sundays: 10 A. M.-2 P. M. 8231 CEDAR AVENUE CLEVELAND, OHIO (Cedar at E. 83rd) Phone: GAr, 373 FOR RENT Brick Cottage of Five Nice Two Bedrooms, Large Attic, Base Also Several Suites of Nice THOROLY RENOVATE All Modern. Very Reason Call CHerry 1259 SPLENDID OPPO BIG PROFITS! Business that will some yearly income, unlimited fiie Building, remodeling, refinancing ital required. 'Phone—GArfield 2836. 87 Ask for Mr. Black Brick Cottage of Five Nice Rooms—Bedrooms, Large Attic, Basement and Yard. Also Several Suites of Nice Rooms. THOROLY RENOVATED! Modern. 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Mary Catherine quivers quivering nerve energy. kham's compound THE GAZETTE ESTABLISHED, AUGUST 25, 1883 And Issued Every Week on Time Since CLEVELAND, OHIO, SATURDAY, JANUARY 6, 1934. WILLIAM PICKENS ON JUDGE TANEY'S NOTORIOUSLY INFAMOUS DECISION BEFORE THE CIVIL WAR And Judge Callahan's at Decatur, Ala., a Few Months Ago—The South and Its Mobs. Just before the American Civil War Judge Taney of the Supreme Court said something that was not essential to the opinion being handed down in the Dred Scott case: that a Negro had no rights in America which a white man "was bound to respect." This obitor dictum later became the best known and the most apprehensive notion of the opinions expressed by him. At Decatur, Ala., about three-quarters of a century later, Judge Callahan, in his charge to the jury in the Scottboro cases, said some things not essential to the main charge, but more illustrative of the difficult situation of the Negro defendants than anything else which he said. If his dicta became the rule of the courts as they are now the role of the mob, the "free" Negro of the present day would be as helpless legally as the slave Negro of the middle of the 19th century: party who is committing the crime knows that he is there and for that purpose, he is as guilty, as the one who committed the offense, although he never moved a muscle or said a word." That would be a good rule to apply to all mob gatherings, but the judge was not thinking about mobs; this dictum was laying a judicial foundation for the convictions of every other Negro boy on that train, if the first one were convicted on the charge of rape. All the others by their "mere presence," and especially by throwing off the train the white hoboes who had tried to throw off the trucks, and guilty to beijing present they caused him to fee protected in his crime—and especially by their act of dispensing with the whites in the fight that preceded the alleged act of rape. Therefore in spite of the grammati "Where the woman charged to have been raped, as in this case, is a white woman, there is a very strong presumption under the law that she will not be raped in the intercourse with the defendant, a Negro; and this is true, whatever station in life the prosecutrix may occupy, whether she be the most despised, ignorant and abandoned woman of the community, or the spotless virgin and daughter of a prominent home of luxury and learning." This has always been the theory of the mob—as Judge Tancy's dictum was but a judicial expression of the theory of the slaveholder. But with the mob this theory, expressed by the judge Tancy only a theory of the pretext for mob action, the mob knows that the theory is not true. On this theory the mob has taken all cases of discovered compromise between Negro men and white women as "rape" on the part of the man. Even in cases where the woman has bravely tried to tell the truth and exonerate the man she has told to shillow, she temporarily declared insane or incompetent, or "prostrate." In some cases, naturally, the women have seized the opportunity for self-defense and sided with the mob. But in more cases than most people who have not investigated these situations, imagine, the women would tell the man that is mother reason for the mob's solitude against "humilating the woman" by giving the Negro a trial. Furthermore, this dictum in practice puts the entire Negro manhood of the south at the mercy of any scheming white woman, however low she may be and whatever her motives may be. Only the essential decency of the great body of women prevents continual terror against Negro men under such presumptions. A white boy from the south, studying his white boy friends one day, in expressing some boyish resentment against one of their colored boy schoolmates: "If I had him down south, I'd just get me a girl and let her get on the street where he passes along and yell out—and then we'd lynch him!" The astonished northern boy asked: "But wouldn't he let him tell the truth about it?" "No," said the southern lad, "the more he dared dispute the girl the more he did to him!" The editor of the Crisis magazine tells how in a little southern town a white woman, badly in need of money, stepped into the downtown office of a prosperous Negro professional, when the street outside was filled with casually strolling whites, closed the door behind her and said excitedly to the astonished colored man: "Now I want five hundred dollars, and I want it at once—or I'll scream!" There was but one thing for that Negro to do and he did it he opened her and gagged the door. All that was there of it, as hastily as possible. A white man so attacked would have simply called the police; but the presumption which the mob outside would have had, and which Judge Callahan has now put clearly into judicial language, would have destroyed this Negro man at once. Judge Callahan further said: 'One other thought before leaving the court was the question of alding and abetting says that the mere presence of a party at or while the crime is going on, and his presence is for the purpose of alding, encouraging, assisting or settling the case, and the need if it did, become necessary and the party who is committing the crime knows that he is there and there for that purpose, he is as guilty, as the one who committed the offense, although he never moved a muscle or said a word." That would be a good rule to apply to all mob gatherings, but the judge was not thinking about mobs; this dictum was laying a judicial opinion for a crime of contempt of every other Negro boy on that train, if the first one were convicted on the charge of rape. All the others by their "mere presence," and especially by throwing off the train the white hoboes who had tried to throw off the blacks, are guilty of rape if the one is guilty—for by being present they caused him to feel protected in his crime—and especially by their act of dispensing with the whites in the fight that preceded the alleged act of rape, therefore the judge of punishment in this long sentence, the meaning of the judge is clear: that if Patterson, the first boy tried, is guilty, all of them are guilty. That is another theory of the mob: when a crime is charged to a Negro against a white person, every other Negro who was present, is guilty—every Negro who was in the mob, is guilty—every Negro who was present. Thus whole Negro families have been wiped out by mobs because one member of it had dared strike back at a white person. In short, that is the theory on which the mob goes after the whole Negro population when one of that race commits a crime, and the presence of race in the vicinity "encouraged" him to do the thing. One of the best illustrations we know of this vicarious "justice" concerns the writer's personal experience: I was a teacher in a southern college for Negroes, where most of the teachers were northern whites. One night it was accidentally discovered that some man had climbed the fire escape and gone into the room of one of the white women teachers. When the whites of the town and city had not supported it to have been one of the Negro students. And, believe it or not, they started on foot a movement to seize and lynch the best known one of the Negro professors—because, was he not the chief influence there, and was it not his "uppish" example that spilled the Negro boys? The only thing that prevented a great mess and saved the writer of these words from mob-attack, was the fact that one of the young white men teachers, seeing what was going to happen, confessed that it was he who had visited the room of the woman teacher, and that he had gone there by appointment. Under these circumstances even, mob found the blamed on the "prominence" of a Negro member of the faculty. A loose construction of "aiding abetting and encouraging" is a very dangerous doctrine for American Negroes. William Pickens, Assistant Secretary of The NAACP. REFUSAL TO "MISTER" BOY. Real Cause of Tennessee Lynching —Greg Bollos Dellos, Say the Youth Trial in Tampa New York City.—Cordie Cheek, 17 year-old-lad of the race, kidnapped and lynched, Dec. 15, by a mob in Maury County, Tenn., was not lynched because of attempted assault upon a young girl (white), but because he had refused to call a lad (white) of his own age "Mister" and had had a fight as a result. In a telegram to Gov. Hill McAllister of Tennessee, Walter White, secretary of the N.A.A.C.P., said: "The reason the girl was not brot before the grand jury was that those determined to destroy Cheek feared the child might let the truth slip." U. S. HAITIAN POLICY. Montevideo, South America.—Two Haitian delegates to the Pan-American conference which met here, recently, bitterly attacked the system under which the United States controls the finances of Haiti. Delegates from the U. S. A. had to put up their greatest fight to preempt the intervention committee which stated: "No state has the right to intervene in the internal or external affairs of any other state." 11 INDICTED IN LYNCHING. St. Joseph (Mo.) Grand Jurge Urges Ouster of Sheriff and Policemen for Lynch-Murder of an Innocent Youth. St. Joseph, Mo.—Even indictments against suspects in the lynchmurder of innocent Lloyd Warner, age 19, here, Nov. 28, were returned, late Saturday, by the Buchanan County grand jury, which recommended the ousting of Sheriff Otto Theisen and members of the police department who yielded to the mob. A jury characterized as "un sound" Sheriff Theisen's explanation to the jury that he believed the jail to be impregnable. The victim was taken by the mob from the county jail, hanged to a tree and burned as he awaited arraignment on a criminal charge only. The names of only three of those indicted were made public immediately. They were Aaron Levin, a junk dealer; John Zoo (formerly a police officer) and Walter Garton, a cook. All were charged with first-degree murder, while a charge of malicious destruction against Garton. The jury divided blame for the lynching on the sheriff and police for alleged "failure to protect the victim," on the lynchers, and on the spectators "who by their presence lent encounters of approximately 7000 men, women and children saw ringleaders drag Warner from the jail, across a street in full view of the jail and hang him. Fresh Ohio News Fresh Ohio News CORRESPONDENTS must mail all letters for publication at their main postoffice sufficiently early on Sunday or Monday of each week to have them reach The Gazette office on Tuesday morning, and always write their names and that of their address, out the outside of the wrapper, about returned copies, if proper credit for them is desired. Lists of names, wedding presents, programs, obituary notices, inquiries for relatives and advertisements of all kinds, including items announcing entertainments to be held in the near future, must be paid for in additions to the list. The rates for six words to a line. Our rates for display advertisements will be sent on application. YOUNGSTOWN.—A large mass meeting was held, last evening, at Oakhill Ave. A. M. E. church, to protest the death verdicts against Heywood Patterson and Clarence Norris. More than 45 persons were lynched in 1933. This meeting, called by the recent Anti-Lynch conspiracy group, included 81 delegates and representing 42 mixed organizations, was under the auspices of the Council of the League of Struggle for Our People's Rights. Richard B. Moore of N. Y. City, national secretary of the league, will be the principal speaker—Mildred Louise Smith left, last week Thursday afternoon. The später-denominational S. S. Union will hold installation services. Sunday afternoon, at Third Baptist church. CANTON—Mr. and Mrs. Floyd Umbles entertained the Lido Bridge club, Friday. Horace Mause won first prize and McKinley Shanks, the booby prize — A. A. Andrews and A. A. Andrews, state officers, attended a dinner at the "Y." Thursday. Dr. Wm. Lewis of Akron was the principal speaker. —Miss Ethel Price, a former resident of this city, and Solomon James of Washington, D. C., were married, recently—Mrs. B. W. Wilcox was called to Valdosta, Ga., by her father's illness—Mrs. Mabel Latimer of Rochester, N. Y., is here visiting. The Gospel Four quartette of Akron rendered a fine program, Friday night, at People's Baptist church. Rev. C. M. Smith, pastor, spent Sunday in Alliance. WELLS VILLE—Miss Bettie Ware is visiting her sister, Mrs. Nancy Quick, in Los Angeles.—Miss Nana Fletcher spent the holidays with her sister, Mrs. R. E. Hutchinson, in Springfield.—Ralph Wilson, an electrical engineering student in New York, spent his parents here.—Miss Elenora Henderson of Cleveland visited Mr. and Mrs. Henderson, recently.—Mesdames Julia Brown and E. A. Law are visiting in Philadelphia.—R. F. Jefferson of Cleveland is here visiting. Theolly Twelve club of E. A. Law has husbands at a Xmas party, last week.—Lee's Chapel A. M. E. sen SINGLE COPY FIVE CENTS TRIAL WE LOST IN MAYOR HARRY L. DAVIS' BECAUSE OF "THE SSOM TRIPLETS" Their Backs on Their Own People or Constituents, Most of Whom, ves, Were Not Loyal to Davis. HOW WE LOST A DIRECTORSHIP IN MAYOR HARRY L. DAVIS' CABINET BECAUSE OF "THE BLOSSOM TRIPLETS " Who Again Turn Their Backs on Their Own People for Small Jobs for Constituents, Most of Whom, Like Themselves, Were Not Loyal to Davis. Like Themselves. Were Not Loyal to Davis. Four years ago, last fall, Councilman Clayborne George, when a candidate for re-election to City Council, made a pledge to his constituents when campaigning for votes, "to do all in his power to help oust Director of Welfare Dudley S. Blossom, for his color-line stand in barricades, and to help our City Hospital and barring our girls from the nurses' training school in that public institution, maintained by all the tax-payers of the community. Did he keep that pledge? HE DID NOT! What is his latest "pledge" worth when one recalls his broken pledge of four years ago? With the election of Mayor Harry L. Davis, George was that to be in line for a cabinet post but (early in November last) made it plain that he would not be involved on Saturday's Cleveland News. Dec. 30, 2013 Then George joined with the other two "Blossom Triplets" (Councilmen Payne and Bundy) and went to Mayor Davis pleading for the appointment as a cabinet member of a member of another group which he had been a member of the law's cabinet in the person of Law Director Ezra Shapiro. Apparently, "The Blossom Triplets" were determined that our people should not have such representation, even one member of the Mayor's cabinet, when we are entitled to two members of the council, and tically one-third of the Republican vote of the city of Cleveland and there are seven members of the Bundy. Payne. Mayor's cabinet. Lord, have mercy! What is the pledge of such a person worth? Six years ago, the Hon. Harry E. Davis, whom George succeeds, was appointed a member of the city's Civil Service Commission. Whereupon Clayborne George, a Republican member of the City Council, announced, publicly of course, that he would NOT vote for the confirmation of the Davis appointment but intended to vote for Davis' Democratic opponent. Ex-Councilman Orlikowski, and stuck to that determination right up to the very night the Council acted. It was only the "mass pressure" of our people of this community that finally forced him to vote for Davis' confirmation. Even orchie had a box-social at Mr. and Mrs. E. C. Payne, recently—Mrs. Robert Jenkins, who was a patient at the E. Liverpool hospital, has returned home to Irondale.—Mrs. Theodore Wilson is ill. ```markdown ``` A pledge to do everything in his power to protect the merit system in public employment was made, last night, by Clayborne George, who yesterday was appointed by Mayor Harry L. Davis as a member of the Civil Service Commission for a six-year term to succeed Harry E. Davis.-Sunday's Plain Dealer, Dec 31. '33. George. PETER H. BURKE Payne. Rundy. THE GAZETTE is the oldest class publication of the kind, and has the largest bona fide circulation among Ohio Afro-Americans, double that of any other newspaper published in this or any other state, and compilations with any will immediately establish its rank as one of the NET's largest BBB publications in this section of the country in the interest of Afro-Americans. then he arose in Council and gave that august body the silliest "explanation" (of his vote) ever heard in the Council chamber of this city. Now he has been appointed to succeed Davis the he is a "lame-duck" councilman who at the recent election polled the smallest vote, as a candidate for a judgeship of the Municipal Court, ever received by an Afro-American candidate for that position. He simply was not in the race at all, judging by the small vote he received. Our people of this community, for good and sufficient reasons, simply could not "see" his candidacy. George had said he was City City City and his constituents of the 18th Ward and the fourth Councilmatic district had absolutely nothing to show for the three terms he served. His support of Color-Line Welfare Director Dudley S. Blossom in the City Hospital controversy was not Hon. Harry E. Davis. enough, it seems. Now comes his somewhat similar act of disloyalty to the race in his opposition to the appointment of a member of the race to membership in the Mayor's cabinet, and his support of a member of another group, which was already represented in the Mayor's cabinet, again turning his back on his own people. Little wonder, therefore, that his appointment of last Saturday to the Civil Service Commission, irritates rather than pleases the great mass of the loyal members of the race in this community. Hon. Harry E. Davis, who has been chairman of the Civil Service Commission for a year or two, was the first Afro-American to be chosen a member of that body. He was appointed in 1927 when the commission was elected by the House for four terms in the Ohio Legislature. Immediately after Mayor Davis' election in November, some of George's friends started to urge his appointment as a member of the Mayor's cabinet, but George indicated that he did not want such a position, saying that our people did not ask and were not expecting such recognition at the civil service commissioners' pay has been cut 25 percent — to $2250 a year, while a cabinet member gets about twice that amount. LYNCH-MURDER RECORD. According to the "Tuskegee" report, 28 persons were lynched in 1933. This is 20 more than the number for 1932 and 15 more than the number for 1931. Two bodies of the hapless victims were burned. Of the 28 lynch-murdered, four were whites. All were charged with crimes or misdemeanors but none had been convicted. There were four each in Georgia, Louisiana and South Carolina; three each in Tennessee, Alabama and Mississippi; two each in California and Texas and one each in Maryland, Missouri and North Carolina. Happy New Year (In Advance) One Year ..... $2.00 Six Months ..... 1.00 Subscribers are requested to remit by postoffice money order or registered letter. Entered at the postoffice in Cleveland, Ohio, as second-class mail matter. Address all communications to HARRY C. SMITH Editor and Proprietor THE GAZETTE 226 W. Superior Ave., Cleveland, O. (Bell 'Phone: CHerry 1259) Member Ohio Legislature: 1894 to 1896; 1896 to 1898; 1900 to 1902 IN UNION IS STRENGTH 10,000,000 Afro-Americans. 825,000 in Ohio. 75,000 in Cleveland. SATURDAY, JANUARY 6, 1934. The editor of The Gazette wishes to acknowledge the receipt of a holiday greeting card from Editor Webster L. Porter of the East Tennessee News, Knoxville. It's hard to believe, we know, but it does begin to look as if those state and local officials at St. Joseph, Missouri, mean business in their probe of the lynch-murder and burning, in November, of that innocent 19-year-old lad, Lloyd Warner. Our local ministers and organizations, and all that foolful members of the race should show decidedly more interest in the cases of our lads and others who are ruthlessly shot down in the streets by street-car employees and the police. What is being done to punish that Scovill Ave. motorman who shot the E. 86th St. boy who was stealing a ride on the car, recently? His parents' suit against the Cleveland Railway Co. for damages is not enough. That motorman should be punished for carrying a gun, contrary to law, as well as for shooting the lad. --- Again The Gazette wishes to say that the failure of our people of this city to secure the representation they are entitled to in the Mayor's cabinet is to be laid at the door of "The Blossom Triplets" (George Payne and Bundy). They turned their backs on their own people in this matter just as they did in the Blossom-City Hospital matter, many months ago. Had they made proper representation to Mayor Harry L. Davis in time, instead of opposing the appointment of a member of the race to the Mayor's cabinet, there is no doubt but that we would have been given at least one directorship. --- Clayborne George's political career in this city, during the past six or seven years, is hardly a thing to be proud of when one considers it from a race-loyalty viewpoint. This same is true of the political careers of the other two "Blossom Triplets," Councilmen Payne and Bundy. When will our people ever wake-up to their kind? It is simply impossible for those of the race in any community to progress with such political loads on their backs. According to our conferee, Editor Wendell Phillips Dabney of the Cincinnati (Q) Union, Cincinnati was burdened with much the same kind of a political stumbling-block, only worse if that be possible, in the person of one Councilman Frank Hall, who was defeated at last fall's election, when our people of this city should have rid themselves of the Payne-Bundy political incubus. Whither are we drifting. ANTI-LYNCH LEGISLATION. The resolution adopted by St. James Forum, this city, Sunday afternoon, according to Monday's daily papers, said that "states apparently had been powerless to act in cases of lynchings." This is true only of those states that have not enacted a mob violence or anti-lynch-murder law. Illinois, New Jersey, Pennsylvania and several other northern states have anti-lynching laws which are almost verbatim copies of Ohio's effective pioneer Mob Violence Act. At least one "border state" (Kentucky) also has an effective anti-lynch-murder law. The "states apparently powerless to act in cases of lynching" are those that have no such law. Leading jurists and statesmen, members of the U. S. Congress, for years have held that only the states of the Union have the right to legislate against mob violence. That is one of the main reasons why no federal mob-violence or anti-lynch-murder bill has ever been passed in the Congress. It was this fact that caused the writer to introduce and secure the enactment of Ohio's pio- neer Mob Violence Act or Anti- Lynching law when a member of the State Assembly in 1896. "SCOTTSBORO!" Wm. L. Patterson, national secretary of the International Labor Defense, 80 E. 11th St., New York City, is appealing for much-needed funds to continue the fight to save the lives of the seven Scottsboro boy-victims of barbaric southern prejudice. Five thousand dollars at least will be needed to carry the cases again to the U. S. Supreme Court—the only hope of justice and freedom for the boys instead of southern lynch-murder. The I. L. D., with the help of our people and others throut the country, and even abroad, has done a wonderful work in saving the boys, thus far, from death, and should continue to be helped financially by all able to do so, but particularly by our people—all who love justice and right. An appeal to the Supreme Court of Alabama must be made before an appeal to the U. S. Supreme Court. It costs a great deal to do this and that means that all who are able to do so simply must contribute, must help! The insanely prejudiced and barbaric of Alabama (as far as our people are concerned) must not be permitted to "railroad" those seven innocent boys of the race to death thru state "courts." They can be saved! The only way, however, to help to do this is to contribute until it hurts, if necessary. Send your money to Wm. L. Patterson, secretary of the I. L. D., 80 E. Eleventh St., New York City, and do a clear duty you owe both yourself and the race. STOP BEING "HORSES" AND "JACKASSES" Cleveland, O., Dec. 28. '33. Hon. Harry C. Smith, M.D. Dear Mr. Smith:—In reading The Gazette, last week, I noticed that our Mayor failed to recognize our voters by not giving us a place in his cabinet to which we are entitled because of the strength of our vote in the local Republican party. I was reminded of a story told during the recent campaign—the old St. Peter story of a man who rode in to heaven on the back of another who was going to go in because he was on foot and not mounted. We must quit being the "horse" or "jackass" for other people to ride into public office, and then leave us "outside." Mr. Smith, you can help by telling our people to stop taking empty promises. In the next mayoral campaign, we must not be tools, horses or jackasses after election. Stop their candidates from coming into our wards when they will not give us the representation we are entitled to, or their wards properly should be done about shooting our lads by street-car employees and the police. Let's get busy! FEARED REPRISALS. Washington, D. C.—A New York delegation to the third annual convention of the National Student League, which met, last week, slept in their buses, last week Monday night, rather than occupy rooms in a hotel that refused our delegates accommodations. The convention met in Andrew Rankin Memorial College at Howard University. The delegates dance on the campus was banned by Howard authorities because they feared reprisals for permitting mixed couples to dance together. Such is racial prejudice here. All our readers will please "The Old Reliable" Gazette greatly if they patronize the May Co. in preference to other large stores in the city because that company gives employment to a goodly number of our fans and men. Be sure to read their advertisement elsewhere in this paper. The Word. "Negro." We colored Americans' worst present blunder is use of the word. Negro, as a race name. It is useful in imbuing the minds of white people with the fool idea that we are not Americans, and not fully human beings. — Editor Wm Monroe Theurer in the Boston Guardian. THE MAN WHO DARK "I honor the man who in the conscientious discharge of his duty dares to stand alone; the world with ignorant, intolerant judgment, may condemn the countenances of relatives may be averted, and the hearts of friends grow cold, but the sense of duty done shall be sweeter than the applause of the world, the countenances of relatives or the hearts of friends"—Charles Sumner PROTEST! PROTEST!! To submit in science when we should protest makes cowards out of men. The human race has climbed on protest. Had no voice been raised against injustice, ignorance and lust, the inquisition yet would serve as a deterrent to least disputes. The few who dara, must speak and speak again to right the wrongs of many. Ellg Wheeler Wilcox. CHE GAZETTE, CLEVELAND, O. SATURDAY, JANUARY 6, 1934 YOU KNOW ME, AL HEY, YOU AIN'T GONNA HIT THAT STRAIGHT YOU'LL SLICE IT INTO THE ROUGH LET ME SEE THE STICK ILL SHOW YOU HOW TO MAKE THIS SHOT By RING LARDNER 242 MARIE CÉRÉA ON WHAT'S DOING The defeat of Clayborne George's candidacy for a municipal judgement was expected, because too many of our people were opposed to his candidacy for several very good reasons, first, being his disloyal course in the Blossom-City Hospital matter. Next, his utter failure, as far as our people of the fourth councilmanic district and the city are concerned, a member of the council. Then there was the very general belief that he lacked, woftfully in several respects, the essential necessary to fit him for a judgement. The fact is, he did not make as good a showing as our other candidates for the position in the past—Attys Alex. H. Martin and Wm. R. Green (deceased). However, in the future, it will be the par of wisdom that we have the dates of other groups or races are favored by our people who live in wards that give our candidates for office the same "break" they ask. Many of our people have been greatly and unnecessarily perturbed the past week, as a result of a speech delivered at an "emancipation celebration," Monday evening, at Lane Metropolitan C. M. E. church by Barnett R. Brickner, rabbi of a local Jewish synagogue. It seems that Mr. Brickner was under the impression that he was delivering an address to his own people in Germany where the outrageous treatment of the Jewish people under the Hitler government hardly recognizes him as a white man. Mr. Brickner's statement in opposition to intermarriage, simply because he personally was opposed to it, was in extreme bad taste. Monday evening, altho it would be a popular statement in Germany and possibly in his synagogue, these days. USES TELEPHONE, BEATS ICY ROADS Purdue Coach Addresses Ohio Group from Indiana Icy roads prevented Noble Kizer, football coach at Purdue University, from traveling in his automobile, but they didn't stop his voice. Unable to meet a scheduled date as principal speaker at a victory dinner for the defeated Springfield, O., High School football team because of impassable highways, the Purdue coach addressed the group by long distance telephone from Richmond, Ind. In Springfield, more than 800 guests heard the address through loud speakers connected with the telephone lines. Twenty years ago it was possible to talk by long distance telephone a distance of only 2,600 miles - from New York to Salt Lake City. COUPLES WED BY OVERSEAS PHONE Nothing can stop love, not even an ocean. During December, two couples overcame the briny wastes by exchanging their mutual vows via transatlantic telephone. Bertil Hjalmar Clason, in Detroit, Mich., married Miss Sigurrd Carlson, in Stockholm, Sweden, over the ether waves. In the same manner, Benjamin Le Boutzit of El Dorado, Ark., and Miss Wess Hermina of Munkac, Czechoslovakia, were united in the holy bonds of matrimony. Since 1929, the number of airplanes in the United States equipped with radio-telephone apparatus has increased from eight to more than 275. There now are 231 ground stations for two-way transmission of radio-telephone conversations, or for projection of radio beacons. The investment in plant of the Bell System, of which The Ohio Bell Telephone Company is a part, has increased about 75 per cent during the past 15 years. OHIO'S MOB VIOLENCE ACT OR ANTI-LYNCHING LAW LEADS THE COUNTRY IN EFFECTIVE LEGISLATION Against the Mob and Lynch-Murder-Three Years' Work of a Member of the Race-Also His Ohio Civil Rights Law. Our mob-violence or anti-lynching bill was introduced in the Ohio legislature in 1894 and re-introduced in 1896. It took the Hon. Harry C. Smith, editor of The Gazette, just three years to secure its enactment into law. The Ohio Supreme Court has several times upheld the constitutionality of the law and it has been very effective. Illinois, Pennsylvania, and Kentucky have also enacted anti-lynching laws which are copies of our Ohio law. Several other northern states and at least one border state (Kentucky) have also enacted anti-lynching laws, in recent years. The Ohio law follows: Section 6278. "Mob" and "lynching" defined. 6279. "Serious injury" defined. 6280. Damages in case of assault. 6281. Damages in case of lynching. 6282. Damages recoverable by legal representative of victim of lynchings. 6283. Person suffering death or injury by mob trying to lynch another. 6284. Limitations of action. 6285. Order to include recovery and costs in tax levy. 6286. Guardian's custody, etc., fees. 6287. County's right of action against member of mob. 6288. County's right of action against another county. 6289. Non-relief from prosecution. Section 6278. A collection of people assembled for an unlawful purpose and intending to do damage or injury to any one, or pretending exercise corrective power with other persons by violence and without authority of law, shall be deemed a "mob" for the purpose of this chapter. An act of violence by a mob upon the body of any person shall constitute a "lynching" within the meaning of this chapter. (93 v. 162 1.) costs against it in favor of the legal representatives of a person killed or seriously injured by a mob from any of the persons composing such mob. A person present, with hostile intent at such lynching shall be deemed a member of the mob and be liable to such action. (93 v. 162 10.) Section 6288. If a mob carries a prisoner into another county, or comes from another county to commit violence on a prisoner brought Section 6279. The term "serious injury," for the purpose of this chapter, shall include such injury as permanently or temporarily disables the person receiving it from earning a livelihood by manual labor. (93 v. 161 3.) Section 6280. A person taken from officers of justice by a mob, and assaulted with whips, clubs, missiles or in any other manner, may recover, as hereafter provided, a sum not to exceed one thousand dollars as damages from the county in which the assault is made. (93 v. 161 4.) Section 6281. A person assaulted and lynched by a mob may recover, from the county in which such assault is made, a sum not to exceed five hundred dollars; or, if the injury received therefrom is serious, a sum not to exceed one thousand dollars if such injury result in permanent disability, to earn a livelihood by manual labor, a sum not to exceed five thousand dollars. (93 v. 162 5.) Section 6282. The legal representative, of a person dying from injuries received from lynching by a mob, may recover of the county in which such injury occurred, a sum not to exceed five thousand dollars damages for such unlawful killing. Such sum shall be applied to the maintenance of the family and education of the minor children of such person so lynched. If any survive him, until such children are of legal age, and then be distributed to the survivors, share and share alike, the widow receiving an amount equal to a child's share if there be no child present, and such decident, such sum shall be distributed among the next of kin according to the laws of the distribution of the personality of an intestate. Such sum so recovered shall not be a part of the estate of such person so lynched, nor be subject to any of his liabilities. (93 v. 162 6.) Section 6283. A person suffering death or injury from a mob attempting to lynch another person shall come within the provisions of this chapter He or his legal representatives shall have a like right of action as one purposely injured or killed by such a mob. (93 v. 162 6.) Section 6284. Action for the recoveries provided for in this chapter must be commenced, within two years from the date of such lynching. In any court having original jurisdiction of an action for damages for malicious assault. (93 v. 162 7.) Section 6285. An order to the commissioners of a county, against which such recovery is had, to include it with the costs of action, in the next succeeding tax levy for such county, shall be a part of the judgment in every such case. (93 v. 162 8.) Section 6286. If the decedent so lynched has minor children surviving him, the fund shall be turned over to a regularly appointed guardian. Such guardian shall administer such fund under the direction of the probate judge, allowing not more than one guardian per counsel fee in the action for such recovery. (93 v. 162 9.1) Section 6287. The county, in which a lynching occurs, may recover the amount of a judgment and costs against it in favor of the legal representatives of a person killed or seriously injured by a mob from any of the persons composing such mob. A person present, with hostile intent, at such lynching shall be deemed a member of the mob as is liable to such action. (93 v. 162 10.) Section 6228. If a mob carries a prisoner into another county, or comes from another county to commit violence on a prisoner brought from such county for safekeeping, the county in which the lynching is committed may recover the amount of money from which the mob came, unless there was contributory negligence on the part of officials of such county in failing to protect such prisoner or dispurse such mob. (93 v. 163 11.) Section 6229. This chapter shall have a person concerned in such lynching from prosecution for homicide or assault for engaging therein. (93 v. 163 12.) OUR OHIO CIVIL RIGHTS LAW Upon the request of many readers of The Gazette we print below the text of the Hon. Harry C. Smith's Ohio Civil Rights law which the editor had enacted while a member of the 71st General Assembly, in 1894. The General Code of Ohio: Sec. 12940. Whoever, being the proprietor or his employee, keeper or manager of an inn, restaurant, eating house, barber-shop, public house, theater, the theater or other place of public accommodation and amusement, denies to a citizen, except for reasons applicable alike to all citizens and regardless of race or color, the full enjoyment of the accommodations, advantages, facilities or privileges thereof, shall be fined not less than fifty dollars nor more than five hundred dollars, or disallowed, nor less than thirty days nor more than ninety days, or both. Sec. 12941. Whoever violates the next preceding section shall also pay not less than fifty dollars nor more than five hundred dollars to the person aggrieved thereby to be recovered in any court of competent jurisdiction in the county where such offense was committed. This law has repeatedly been held constitutional and good law by the Ohio Supreme court. The trouble is our people will not use it as often as they should, but expect it to do for them what they should and must do for themselves, under it, in the courts. A dining room of par-excellence with Mrs. Gilmore as hostess, coupled with dignity, is at your service on the corner of Quincy Ave. and E. $2nd St. Province of The Southwest, Little Rock, Ark, Aug. 25, '32. Hon. Harry C. Smith. Edition of Cleveland, G. Editor, Gazette, Cleveland, O. Dear Friend, Continue to live in time. We are friend. It has been welcome family in the Ricks-Demby family from its first issue until now within its fiftieth birthday. We boast of being among the oldest continuous subscribers of The Gazette, not the largest but the best in ideas and ideals, and the most reliable and dependable of race journals. As long as we will live The Gazette and may you continue in good health with our good wishes. Very sincerely yours, (Bishop) E. Thomas and Mrs. Nettie M. Demby. LITTLE AMERICA AVIATION and EXPLORATION CLUB LITTLE AMERICA ★ ANTARCTICA With Byrd at the South Pole by C.A. Abel Jr. President USNR. 4 At Sea and At Norfolk! ON BOARD THE BYRD FLAG SHIP JACOB RUPPET: It is now Saturday, October 14, and I am actually upon the 'ocean as the youngest member of this great Byrd Antarctic Expedition. After the exci- ting and perilous fire at Bayonne, we cast off from the Tidewater dock at 11:20 p. m. last night. Cheers of relatives and friends, longshoremen, stevedores. Shipping away silently into the blackness of the Atlantic on the first leg of my life's greatest adventure. leger of the that I may go Byrd Flagship to bed. I am dog tired but too excited to sleep. For an hour I stand at the rail watching the lights of New York recede in the distance. No more New York, no more bright lights, for two years—except perhaps the bright lights of the Aurora Borealis. At 3 a. m. the m. we arrive off Cape Henry but I know nothing about it. I am in my bunk sleeping the sleep of exhaustion. At 6 a. m., with still many hours of sleep to make up, I am awakened. All hands are called to begin the life of the day. The tug with the pilot is alongside. We slip down the river at dawn and arrive at the Norfolk Navy Yard at 6 a. m. The first passengers ashore are the two cows we are taking to Litt. America to supply us with fresh milk. They have a chance to get a little green pasture for a few days, their last chance for a long time. At 8:20 we start cleaning up the ship. It is Sunday but the work must be done. The Admiral is coming aboard at noon. At 9:30 visitors start streaming aboard—in an hour we have several Vista Net Curtain Vista Net Curtains Save Your View A PEOPLE pay thousands of dollars for a view, and then shut it out with heavy draperies. There must have been some rebellion however to account for the popularity of net and lace glass curtains which are so transparent and above all to have suggested Vista curtains. Vista curtains are made with a By PETER HARRIS hundred. The dogs, some in their cages and others chained all over the steel deck, seem to interest them more than anything else. And they should! They are the loudest things on board, and the smelliest. Here comes our leader, Rear-Admiral Byrd. He looks weared and ill. He gives instructions to his staff —Commodore H. J. Gjertsen, commodore of the Expedition; Harold June, chief aviator; Captain Verleger, skipper of the Jacob Ruppert; Dr. G. O. Shirey, the Expedition's medical officer, who will set up a snow-covered hospital at Little America, and Lieutenant Commander George O. Noville, Admiral Byrd's aide, who is my immediate boss and instructor on this trip. I get cleaned up for a short trip ashore—my first shore leave on the Expedition. Commodore Gjertsen tells me to return by 10 p. m. That is okay with me. I am still almost dead from lack of sleep, and I know I have terrific work to do from now on, working on our four airplanes, learning their details, helping to get them in perfect condition for future perilous flights, learning my job as fuel engineer for them and the rest of our amazing automotive equipment. Our other ship, the famous 1700 ton Coast Guard ice breaker, the Bear of Oakland, which has served so illustriously in Alaskan waters since 1857, is in drydock here having some last minute repairs made. She is scheduled to leave a little ahead of us but is slower. Maybe we shall race her down to New Zealand and then to the ice barrier. There is a big radio farewell party tonight with many distinguished speakers, Admiral Byrd say farewell to his friends for two strange and hazardous years in the most desolate and dangerous spot on earth. (People of high school age or over, desiring to join the Little America Aviation and Exploration Club, are invited to write to Arthur Abele, Jr., Little America Aviation and Exploration Club, Hotel Lexington, 48th Street and Lexington Avenue, New York, N. Y., enclosed stamping and self-addressed envelope. There is no charge for membership.) s Save Your View tiny invisible cord and tassel, strung through small rings on the back of your net curtain. They pull the curtain back into charming folds when you wish your window completely clear but, however, when more privacy is desired they may be just as easily dropped into place again. RING LARDNER COURTESY SERVICE GILMORE'S Chile Parlor Beer Wines Private Dining Room Quincy Ave. at E. 82nd St. MYSTIC LUCKY RING BE LUCKY Have super, friendly, sweetheart, business- like, and fun friend. emotional and ambivalent of good Luck and fortune. Health, wealth and happiness. Have Beauty, health and happiness. Have Beauty, health and happiness. Have Beauty, health and happiness. Money - just ring once. We - for 10 cents per bottle. E. A. HILL, 2828 Washington St. Dept. (CHICAGO, IL) CEDAR BRANCH Y. M. C. A. Cor. Cedar Ave. and E. 77th St. A HOME FOR YOUNG MEN! RESTAURANT - HOME COOKING Individual Beds $2.50-$3.00 Endicott 9094 LIQUID, TABLETS, SALVE, NOSE DROPS. Checks Colds first day. Headaches or Neuralgia in 8 minutes, Malaria in 8 days. Fine Laxative and Tonic Most Speedy Remedies Known. JOHN P.GREEN Notary Public OFFICE NOW At 614 East 107th St. Cleveland, O. 'Phone, Glen. 2453 Take St. Clair Car to E. 106th St. O. K. Printing Co. W. J. Foster - John M. Smith Commercial and Job PRINTING PROMPT SERVICE 3113 Central Ave. Cor. E. 31st St. PRospect 7818 THE GOLDEN SLIPPER LUNCH Meet Smart People In Smart Surroundings Top Price—25c 4915 Central Avenue Miss Geraldine Harris, Prop. PROTECT them from Tuberculosis Keep them away from sick people.. Insist on plenty of rest . . Train them in health habits . . Consult the doctor regularly . . ASSASSIN A Drinker of Hashish! In eleventh-century Persia, a secret order was founded by Hassan ben Sabbah, indulging in the use of the Oriental drug hashish, and, when its influence in the practice of secret murder. The murderous drink of hashish came to be called haibab in the Arabic and from that origin comes our English word assassin! Write for Free Booklet, which suggests how you may obtain a command of English through the knowledge of word origins included in WEBSTER'S NEW INTERNATIONAL DICTIONARY "The Supreme Authority" G. & C.MERRIAM COMPANY SPRINGFIELD MASS. ```markdown ``` Where To Purchase The Gazette Where To Purchase The Gazette ROSENBERG'S DRUG STORE, N. W. Cor. Central Ave., and E. 55h St. O. K. PRINTING CO., 3113 Central Ave. NOTICE TO SUBSCRIBERS Subscribers not receiving T ty us at once. We desire every Send or bring locals and all office, Suite 302, Johnson Block site the Hotel Cleveland entrance call there, please. We advise our readers to advertise before making advertise in this paper should be The fact that they advertise in they want it. All reading matter for pub Gazette must be in the office week, at the latest. Display adve WEDNESDAYS! HARRY Y 226 West Superior Ave (Opposite, Hotel G Notary Public. Classified Advert Subscribers not receiving The Gazette regularly should notify us at once. We desire every copy delivered promptly. Send or bring locals and all business matters to The Gazette office, Suite 302, Johnson Block, 226 Superior Ave., West, opposite the Hotel Cleveland entrance. If you wish to see the editor call there, please. We advise our readers to carefully examine The Gazette's advertisements before making purchases. Business men who advertise in this paper should have the patronage of our people. The fact that they advertise in The Gazette is assurance that they want it. All reading matter for publication in current issues of The Gazette must be in the office by noon, WEDNESDAY, of that week, at the latest. Display advertisements accepted until 4 p. m., WEDNESDAYS! HARRY C, SMITH, 226 West Superior Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio. (Opposite, Hotel Cleveland entrance) Notary Public. Bell 'Phone: CHerry 1250. Classified Advertising Department WANTED—Young man, honest, energetic and intelligent who has had experience as a solicitor and collector. Must be neat in appearance and affable. Address The Gazette, Box A, No. 226 W. Superior Ave., Cleveland, O. CLEVELAND Social and Personal There are 250,000 "Negroes" in southern China. Miss Mildred Noble of Norwalk, niece of Mr. Jay Noble, was a holiday visitor in the city. Mildred Louise Smith of Youngstown visited Miss Theo Brown, ... 143rd St., the past week. Mrs. Mary Washington, sister of Jesse Washington, is very ill at Cleveland State Hospital. Rev. and Mrs. Archie Allen and daughter, Beatrice, of Dayton, visited her mother during the holidays. Miss Vivian Holt, a Wilberforce University student, spent her vacation with her parents in E. 68th St. Oliver Cowan, a Howard University student, was honor-guest at a dinner given by Mr. and Mrs. F. A. Clark, last week. Forty-four whites (all working people) have been lynched since 1919. Between 1889 and 1918, 702 were lynched. Four this year. Mrs. Cora B. Christopher, E. 75th St., entertained Rev. and Mrs. W. M. McCutcheon, of Revelation Baptist church, at breakfast, Xmas. A party honoring Mr. and Mrs. Harry D. Blackwell, newlyweds, was given, the past week, at Mr. and Mrs. Horace W. Brown's, Colfax Rd. Among the callers at The Gazette office, Wednesday, were Rev. Horace C. Bailey, Mr. Roddy K. Moon, W. H. Seawright and Rev. J. L. Smith. Mrs. Margaret Barnes, state president of our Women's clubs, and daughter, of Oberlin, attended the Minerva party, last week Wednesday evening. Mr. and Mrs. A. C. Harris, E. 63rd St., had as holiday guests Mr. and Mrs. John Hanson, Miss Gretchen Richardson and Floyd Hanson of Detroit. The 19-Y Relief club packed 15 Xmas baskets and the X club had a party for needy families at Mr. and Mrs. Eugene Jones in Cedar Ave., last week. County Treasurer Jas. J. Boyle entertained about 40 friends at dinner at the P. W. A., Thursday evening. It proved to be a very interesting and enjoyable affair. Those indebted to The Gazette will please be ready for our solicitors and collectors, Whitmore Carney and Clarence L. Peters, when they call on you, next week. Mrs. Thelma Carrington of Buffalo visited her sister, Mrs. Jennie Mabery, E. 128th St., during the Xmas holidays. They are daughters of E. A. Neal, retired Texas postal clerk. Mrs. Claude Rose, of Thackeray Ave., died at City Hospital, last week. The remains were shipped to Virginia for interment. She was a sister-in-law of Chas. Rose, drummer for the Musical Magpies. Monday evening the editor of The Gazette will deliver an address at the Cedar "Y" Forum on "Lynch-Murder." An interesting program has been arranged for the occasion by Capt. Chas. E. Frye, exec. sec. of the "Y." Mrs. Alice Moss, widow of Oscar B. Moss, for many years before his death proprietor of the Central Ave, hotel, died at her daughter, Mrs. Alta Jarles' in Euclid, O. The family have been residents of Cleveland for more than 40 years. The Thurman Union Christmas party, Dec. 28th, took the form of a surprise party on Miss Alice Jackson, for many years secretary of the Union. Gifts were exchanged, games, stunts, prizes and a delicious luncheon made a very pleasant evening. The Z-19 Relief club's Xmas party at Mr. and Mrs. Walter Reed's, E. 103rd St., was a big success. The club carried Xmas cheer to 16 families in the way of food and clothing. ```markdown ``` Happy New Year. CHR GAZETTE, CLEVELAND, O. SATURDAY, JANUARY 6, 1934 WHERE HAVE I HEARD THAT STUFF BEFORE? I'M IN THE HANDS OF A MURDERER! LET ME SEE YOUR BANK- BOOK AND I'LL TELL YOU HOW MUCH THIS WILL COST YOU J. S. HALL'S, 7709 Cedar Ave. FOR SALE — Bedroom set, a Way Sagless spring and a medium size "charter oak" refrigerator cheap! Address Box B, The Gazette office, 226 W. Superior Ave. City. FOR RENT — Cozy five room cottage. Two bedrooms, large attic, basement and yard. Rent reason- able. Call Cherry 1259. Alex. O. Taylor, president; Mrs. Ed- winetta Lark, sec. Junior Galbreath's jug band furnished music. Will the man who was struck by an automobile at the east end of the Lorain-Carnegie bridge at 5:30 P. M., Thursday, Dec. 14, 1933, or his relatives or friends, call Cherry 1259. Have important news for the injured man. Mr. and Mrs. A. H. Dorsey, E. 81st St., entertained last week Thursday, about 12 children of the neighborhood with favors, cakes and candy. They also entertained at an elaborate dinner party, New Year's evening, Mr. and Mrs. Ralph J. White, Mrs. Josie Troy and Henry P. Johnson. After dinner, they attended Cotton club show at the Palace theater. Hospitals and doctors' offices were being canvassed, last week Friday night, by police in an effort to trace a gunman believed wounded when he and two companions had a running gun battle that day at Joseph Slowers, age 42, on Central Avenue. His confessional store, 6813 Central Ave. He is said to have had $5,000 in the store to cash pay-checks of workmen in near-by factories. Pointing out that there was a greater number of lynchings in 1933 than in any other year since 1925, St. James Forum, Sunday afternoon, petitioned President Roosevelt to urge passage of an anti-lynch law, saying that states without such a law apparently had been powerless to act in cases of lynchings. Copies of this resolution were sent to each of Ohio's representatives in both houses of Congress. The annual Christmas party for the blind at the Grasselli House, Dec. 29, was a big success. Thirty-seven persons attended and voted the entertainment and the dinner the best ever. Our Welfare Association committee the blind served the cream and their wives at turkey dinner. Entertainment was furnished by the sightless. Music, recitations and songs. Transportation was furnished by friends of the association. This party was one of four given each year for our blind of the city. Miss Adel Brown entertained at dinner, Sunday afternoon, Dec. 24, in honor of Mr. Bobbie Jones, at Mr. and Mrs. Morgan's, 2690 E. 53rd St. The dinner consisted of turkey, grape fruit cocktails, wax bean salad, cake and other refreshments. Those in attendance were Mrs. J Morgan Mrs. John Turner, Mr. and Mrs. W. Youngen Bennie Langston, Simon Henderson, Steve Ball and Mrs. Clare Payne. Alice Mitchell, age nine, daughter of Mrs. Morgan, furnished entertainment. Lemuel T. Boydston Post's annual orphan's Xmas party at Our Lady of the Blessed Sacrament parish hall was attended by 437. An interesting program was given, Bobby Owens master of ceremonies. Short talks were made by Father McKenney, Commander Harry J, Walker and Santa Claus (Gordon H. Simpson) who presented a bag to each child. He was assisted by Judge Frank J. Merrick, Mrs. Cochrane, Mr. Walker and the Women's Auxiliary. The post's meeting nights for January have been changed to the second and fourth Mondays. The Minerva Reading club gave a delightful Christmas party, Dec. 27, at Miss Lillian Berry's, honoring Mrs. Ruth Carey, newly elected president; Mrs. J. S. Jackson, a charter member; Mrs. Ida B. Cash, our first-seniored school teacher, and Mrs. Mary B. Martin, retiring president and member of the School Board. Mr. and Mrs. Tillman of Youngstown, Miss Mabel Whiting of Baltimore, Mrs. Richard Gilbert, Mrs. Ruth J. Washington, the Misses Lydia and Sarah Martin, Lula Gee, Ruby Johnson, Heywood and Ruthella Carey were among the guests. AN OPPORTUNITY: "The Old Reliable" Gazette describes an active agent and correspondent in every city and town in Ohio and neighboring states having a number of Afro-American residents Only a little time on Fridays or Saturdays is required to make some more. We are especially desirous of hearing from persons in the following named cities: Springfield, Columbus toledo, Steubenville, Zanesville, Wilmington, Xenia, Washington C. H., Lancaster, Piqua, Lima O., and other places, particularly in New York. Write to the editor of The Gazette 226 West Superior Ave., Cleveland O., and terms will be sent promptly Our readers will oblige us greatly by sending us the addresses of persons in the cities named, and others in the state, to whom we can write relative to the matter. Editor. OHIO BELL BETTERS MANY POLE LINES THROUGHOUT STATE OHIO BELL BETTERS MANY POLE LINES THROUGHOUT STATE Considerable construction and improvement activity is being carried on throughout the state by The Ohio Bell Telephone Company. One phase of it relates to rural telephone lines. This consists of rebuilding the lines in those places where such activity is necessary to place them on a 100 per cent efficient basis. Old poles are being replaced by new and much new wire is being strung. Ohio Bell officials say that the work is aiding the company in keeping the personnel in the field with the provisions of the NRA code which has been signed by the Ohio Bell and other companies in the nation-wide Bell System. Many Poles Moved Another extensive construction activity is in connection with road improvement projects. These are making it necessary for the Ohio Bell to move pole lines in innumerable places throughout the state. Since the national relief program began, these road jobs have been steadily increasing in number. When a highway is widened or similarly improved, the poles of wireusing utility companies have to be moved back-perhaps only five feet in some instances, while in others the shift may be 20 or 25 feet. In some instances, the company merely has to move and partially rebuild its plant. In others, the pole line must be rerouted and completely rebuilt. MEDAL AWARDED TO PHONE PIONEER MEDAL AWARDED TO PHONE PIONEER The first Carty medal for outstanding achievement in the field of scientific research has been awarded posthumously to the late General John J. Carty, in whose honor it was established, by the National Academy of Sciences. General Carty was formerly chief engineer of the American Telephone and Telegraph Company and was a pioneer in the development of the telephone art since its early days. At the time of his retirement, he had served more than 50 years in the telephone business. CHARACTER: Character, like a fine old tree, matures slowly and is a riper growth than success that is forced as hothouse products are forced. Character in a newspaper develops through years of service to the people. For fifty years The Gazette, under its present management, has been serving our people of this country. It has gathered a reader clientele whose tastes it reflects, and whose power and responsiveness to buy are direct measures of its present importance to every advertiser. NRA MEMBER U.S. WE DO OUR PART The May Co. BASEMENT. January White Sale! Broadcloth and non-kling material Slips 64¢ Regular and Extra Sizes 36 to 52— Built-up Style— Bodice Top Style— Every slip with 6 to 11-inch hems, hemstitched or pic- oetta trim. In flesh, tea rose or white. These slips were made to sell for a great deal more. All sizes 36 to 52. Also Longcloth Gowns Hemstitched and lace trim- med. Regular and extra sizes. THE MAY CO. BASEMENT Phone and Mail Orders Filled— Ch. 3000 State style, size, color and quantity 1930 Soft, Glossy and Beautiful PORO Does It! WHY DON'T YOU GO TO MY DENTIST? YOU CAN HARDLY FEEL HIM WORKING ON YOUR TEETH AND HE CHARGES YOU PRACTICALLY NOTHING-IT'S A PLEASURE TO GO TO HIM WHERE HAVE I HEARD THAT STUFF BEFORE? AND WHAT THE PATIENT HAD Such Beautiful Hair! Yours, too, can be long thick and silken. The most stubborn hair through PORO Treatments, is made beautiful. Why put it off another day? PORO Hair Grower 50c PORO Hair Grower 50c "PORO" HAIR GROWER PORO Hair Grower The Company Since 1910 PORO Hair Grower The Company Since 1910 By RUBC GOLDBERG IF YOU'RE ALL UPSET BECAUSE SOMEBODY HAS KEPT YOU WAITING 20 MINUTES ON THE CORNER, I WAS TOSSED UP ON THIS DESERT ISLAND 39 YEARS AGO AND I'M STILL WAITING FOR A SHIP TO COME AND RESCUE ME THINK OF THIS GUY American News Features, Inc. Don't Throw A way Your Copy of The GAZETTE After Reading It But Give it to a Friend or an Acquaintance who might Subscribe After Seeing It To the Stratosphere August 18, 1932 Prof A Piccard 5352 8 ft / 10 07 miles (6201 metres) May 27, 1932 Prof A Piccard 5175 ft / 9 81 miles (15781 metres) June 4, 1932 Lieut Apollo Soneck 43160 ft / 8 17 miles Sept. 16, 1932 Capt Cyril Uwins 43976 ft / 8 33 miles Base of Stratosphere Top of Troposphere Mt Everest 29141 ft Mount Blanc 15791 ft Mt Whitney 29141 ft Mount Everest 29141 ft Nimbus Stratus (Barn Cloud) Earlier Flights Into the Stratosphere. Prepared by National Geographic Society, Washington, D.C. THE stratosphere, little-known regions of thin air, has been a magnet to scientists in recent years. On November 20, 1933, Lleut, Comm. Thomas G. W. Sette of the United States navy, ascended 61..237 feet above the earth. A few months before a Soviet expedition rose to a record height of nearly 12 miles. In describing his first flight into the stratosphere, Prof. Auguste Pliccard, Swiss scientist who has made two ascensions, each of which was more than nine miles above sea level, said: "The sky is beautiful up there—almost black. It is a blush purple—a deep violet shade, ten times darker than on earth, but it still is not quite dark enough to see the stars. The sun, however, seems brighter than when seen from sea level. "Forests, rivers, and fields are visible, sometimes through a light mist without any contrast, but on other days with marvelous beauty in striking relief. The towering summits of the Alps from ten miles up assume the aspect of miniature reproductions. Calculation shows that, if there were no mist, a circle of earth having a diameter of 500 miles would be visible. That is equal to a surface of 250,000 square miles. "From the standpoint of cosmic rays, the exact altitude is unimportant, but it is interesting to know to what height we had to go to find that pressure of one-tenth of the atmosphere. New Kind of Craft Necessary. "From the aeronautic standpoint, we faced the problem of constructing a craft in which a pilot and his assistant and many instruments could be lifted ten miles into the sky and be permitted to work there. This height surpassed by a great deal any that had been attained previously. So a new craft had to be constructed to overcome many difficulties, of which none, despite their numerical importance, impressed me as insurmountable. "Our problem, then, was to find conditions that would permit two men to live up there in more or less normal working order, and a means of getting them to the desired height. Men can survive at certain altitudes, varying according to persons; these altitudes are usually between 3 and $4\frac{1}{2}$ miles. In order to go higher it is necessary to carry oxygen. Even if the aeronaut breathes in an oxygen mask, he cannot go beyond a certain height without suffering from the reduced pressure. If the external pressure is reduced too quickly, human blood acts the same as champagne, and the gases liberated obstruct the blood vessels that supply and nourish the brain and heart. "To avoid this danger, there was only one thing to do: to transport from below the portion of our atmosphere surrounding the aerosmats and to maintain this atmosphere lq its original state, preventing its dilation during the ascent. That could only be accomplished by constructing an airtight cabin in which the aerosmats would be enclosed during the entire exploration of the high altitudes. The second part of the problem consisted in getting this cabin and all its contents into the upper atmosphere. "What kind of craft should we use? Three possibilities offered themselves: balloon, airplane, or rocket. None of these three had ever risen ten miles. The rocket will do so one of these days. Eventually it will go far higher, even; but the earth will turn many times around the sun before the rocket becomes a practical means of travel. The plane will certainly go up ten miles in a few years, but it is not yet adapted to that altitude. Balloon Better Than Plane. "The balloon, being entirely amenable to theoretic calculation, offers a big advantage over the plane. For research purposes the balloon presents the tremendous advantage of not being exposed to the vibrations and mag- netic effects of a motor. A number of delicate instruments can be employed in a balloon that could not survive an airplane voyage. My task as engineer was to construct the air-tight cabin and the balloon. "After examining various possibilities of construction, I decided upon a cabin or gondola of aluminium. Picture a sphere 7 feet in diameter, constructed of aluminium .138 inch thick. The most important thing about my preparations was that the welding be solid and air-tight. Fortunately, the technique of aluminium welding has recently made enormous progress, thanks to the European industry that employs tremendous numbers of aluminium vats for the manufacture of beer. "The cabin was provided with two manholes and eight little portholes about three inches in diameter. It was just large enough to contain the two observers and the circular instrument boards that ran all around. When you face the possibility of shutting two men up in an air-tight space of such small dimensions, you must study very carefully the problem of their respiration. "Early In September, 1930, I had all my equipment at Augsburg; the balloon, the cabin, and the instruments we had made for studying cosmic rays. Everything was ready and we had only to wait for favorable weather conditions. Bad flying weather held us on the ground until the next spring. "The morning of May 27, 1931, everything was ready. The winds disturbed our project. The cabin was thrown from its vehicle and sustained damages from which consequences we later suffered, but still I insisted on making the ascension. "Twenty-eight minutes after we took off I glanced at the altimeter. We had risen to an altitude of 9.65 miles. This was an average speed of approximately 20 miles an hour. For an automobile on the road, that would not be much, but ascending straight into the air is quite different. We were right in the stratosphere. What a change! A half hour ago we were wondering if the ascension would be made. Now we were in a world absolutely new. "Unfortunately, we were not able to make any measurements during the ascension. Kipfer, my assistant, had been busy all the time putting back in order the instruments that had been scattered when the cabin turned over, and I had been busy doing something still more important. What Stratosphere Is Like. "Now for a look through the portholes to see what the stratosphere was like. "Meteorologists divide the atmosphere into two parts. Below is the troposphere, that portion of the atmosphere which is exposed to the vertical currents caused by differences in the earth's temperature. In rising, the air cools and this is the cause of various meteorological phenomena: clouds, rain, snow, storms, and the various obstacles for the aviator. In rising and cooling, these currents lose their force. When a temperature of from 58 to 76 degrees below zero, Fahrenheit, is attained, they are exhausted. They do not rise any higher. "Then begins the stratosphere, where temperature is fairly constant, from 58 to 76 degrees below zero, Fahrenheit. "The stratosphere is the region of eternally fair weather, but also the region of very cold weather. "From ten miles above the earth I gazed around. First I looked up at my balloon that, at the take-off, had not been so beautiful with all her folds. But now she was superb, a perfect sphere, illumined by the sun that was just rising. "Later on in the morning when we tried to pull the valve, the rope broke because of an oversight at the moment of taking off. So we were unable to descend then. Slowly we were pushed toward the Bavarian Alps. We arrived there at five o'clock in the afternoon, at slow speed; after sundown we landed near Ober-Gurgl." THE GAZETTE, CLEVELAND, O. SATURDAY, JANUARY 6. 1934 Fashion Declares in Favor of Gold THE FASHION OF THE TWENTIES WELL, anyway, fashion is coming out strong for the gold standard no matter what the rest of the world may be doing about it. Enthusiasm for gold is that keen in style circles that not only are accessories of golden metal being shown in countless numbers but for state occasions mihady goes arrayed in shimmering gold from the crown of her exquisitely coiffed head to the sole of her daintily sandalled feet. If you are dressing up for afternoon tea or an afternoon reception or a musicale or whatever the happy event quite the most modish thing you can do is to enliven your best black frock with a dash of gold here and there. If there is one place more than another where the gold fever is spreading it is throughout neckwear departments. The most wonderful discoveries in the way of gold findings come to light there. You will see, for instance, perfectly fascinating gold lame tissuellew (in silver, too, if you prefer) fashioned into softly draped collar and cuff ensembles which set off even the plainest of frocks to perfection. You are supposed to wear these adorable fantasies with your crepe or velvet or light woolen afternoon goons just like the young woman seated below to the right in the picture is wearing hers. Her draped collar is held in place with a rhinestone clip. You can also get sets on this order which include detachable scarfs and bib effects and other equally fascinating accents which are spangled with scintillating sequims. There is nothing smarter for after five o'clock dress-up occasions than sequins. You can get the most charming little handbags worked solidly with sequins in gold or silver to match the bandings which outline the neck and sleeves or yoke effects of so many of the new velvet dresses. I Fashion is more enthusiastic than ever about rich velvet for formal wraps. There is no set rule as to how long or how short a smart evening wrap shall be. Patron creates the stunning little waist-deep jacket here pictured of velvet in a deep violet shade. The voluminous sleeves are arranged so as to give a cape effect at the back. The other coat shown is full length. For this handsome made Worth uses a super novelty velvet in the new golden yellow, trimming it with silver fox. A choice diamond buckle fastens the gold metal belt. Among the scores of intriguing articles of adornment brought out this season there are perhaps none more attractive than the new metal-mesh accessories. They include stunning belts, capetels, whimsical evening jackets, and even hats are made of this metal mesh which is almost as light as a feather. Just to give you an idea of these decorative fancies we are picturing at the top to the right in this group a foursome consisting of a cunning little hat, a deep cape capped with cavalier cuffs and a supple wide belt to match. You can buy these flattering items single or en suite in any specialty or department store. It is not only that accessories and jewelry have so enthusiastically subscribed to the gold code, for bright metals have worked their way into the very warp and wool of this season's materials and into knitted effects as well. The handsome afternoon dress, which is posed below to the left on the standing figure, is made of gold-studded crepe. The fold around the neckline and the fine pleating which trims it is of gold tissue. The buttons are gold. The hat and the veil continue the gold theme. Metal cloth is also a first choice for high-style evening gowns. The young woman seated on the divan in the picture wears a lovely creation which is fashioned of shimmering, glimmering crinkled gold lame. The very simplicity with which this gown is styled accents its elegance. The hood drapery across the shoulders of the little jacket interprets a new detail which is being featured throughout the mode. The gown itself is cut extremely docile at the back with a high cowl effect across the front. The little cap of gold net is enhanced with an applique of slender gold leaves. © 1922. Western Newspaper Union. CHARMING VELVETS GIVE COLOR TOUCH The wool scarf has rivals in the new velvetteens and corduroys, which come in the brightest of laquer reds, billard greens and sapphire blues, and which look very smart with rugged tweeds, and wools of the town and country types. Velvets and velvetteens are printed in bold stripes and polka dots to give that colorful touch which today's sports costume demands. Bright gloves, at first thought to be a mere whimsy of the Paris openings, are actually being seen where smart women gather. An all-black costume gains a new sophistication by the addition of a pair of bright red suede slip-on gloves. Bright green gloves are worn with dark brown, and vivid blue with gray. Various Blue Shades Are Popular for Sports Wear Rivaling the dark rich tones which are so smart for formal costumes are the various shades of blue which continue to be exceedingly popular for sports. Navies, gray blues, soft medium shades and purply tones are all being shown in tweed and knitted outfits for casual wear. Blue is a color which many women find becoming. Formerly limited to spring and summer wear, it is now an all-year-round favorite. A typical sports ensemble is made of rogulish diagonal woolen which suggests a hand-loomed fabric. The short jacket is double-breasted with notched lapels. The skirt has stitched-down pleats in the front. Over this is worn a loose raglan coat of the tweed, in three-quarter length. The sleeves of the coat are slightly full, fitted in at the wrist with inverted tucks. A wide shawl collar of beaver lends richness and warmth, and there is a luxurious pillow muff to match. Forecasts Revolution In Auto Design 1894 1914 1953 19349 (Left) A. Leyden-Frost in his modern New York studio. (Center) Design of Leyden-Frost for a completely aero-dynamic sedan. (Right) The history of the automobile's development, from the old flacre to the modern streamline, as sketched by Leyden-Frost. Important changes in automobile design of the near future are forecast by A. Leyden-Frost, famous industrial engineer-designer. Aero-dynamic science and scientific streamlining are superseding the primitive and design which was based on the old horse-and-carriage tradition. Future design is to be entirely functional—1.6—efficiency rather than precedent will rule. With the application of aero-dynamic science, automobiles will experience great increases in economy, comfort and safety, Mr. Leyden-Frost declares. The new science is already being reflected in cars with rounded noses, wide fronts, tapering rears, roomier interiors, and all-in-one piece steel construction. Solving Freight Problems at the Port of New York THE PRESIDENT'S MEMORIAL ```markdown ``` OUR ADVERTISERS A great proportion of the freight trafic of the United States originates in or is destined to points in what is generally known as the "Port of New York District." All freight from the South and West en route to and from New England must cross the Hudson River, the bulk of it passing through the "Port of New York District." Exports and imports, meantime, flow in heavy volume to and from this vast New York area. Adding thereto the tremendous amount of freight for which the Port District is responsible as producer or consumer, the New York freight handling problem is seen to be the most complicated in the country. It was recognition of this condition and of the necessity of simplification that led to the signing of a contract between The Port of New York Authority and the eight trunk line railroads serving the Port of New York, whereby the former undertook the construction of Manhattan's first "Union Inland Freight Terminal No. 1." The latter is housed in the basement and first floor of the new fifteenth-story Port Authority Commerce Building covering an entire city block. It was this terminal, which has just completed its first year of a successful semi-experimental operation, that President Franklin D. Roosevelt, while he was still Governor of the State of New York, aptly described in speaking at the ground-breaking ceremonies as a post office for less-than-carload freight. It was President Roosevelt's successor as Governor of the State of New York, the Hon. Herbert H. Lehman, who at the dedication exercises a year ago referred to the project as a fine example of sound and able cooperation between Government—the Port Authority being a public agency—and private enterprise. Shipments destined to and from the union inland terminal are handled by truck or trailer between the building and the various railroad yards in Manhattan and New Jersey at the flat New York rate. This operation is carried on by the railroads themselves under their agreement with the Port Authority, which meantime is proceeding with the leasing of the upper floors of the building for light manufacturing, distribution, and other commercial purposes. Top—Aerial view showing location on large Manhattan block of publicly-owned Port Authority Commerce Building Center—Truck elevator lobbies of sufficient size to permit maneuvering of large fleet of trucks and trailers on every floor. trailers on every floor. Lower Left-Loading platform in Union Inland Station, described by President Roosevelt when Governor as "Freight Post Office." Merchandise Mart as the largest structure in the country in cubical content. The four truck elevators in the building are the largest ever constructed. There are two truck lobbies on each floor and every tenant regardless of his floor location has the equivalent of street level convenience for freight and express handling. In conjunction with all of the building's facilities, both parcel freight and expressage can be shipped from the upper floors the same as though they went into a pneumatic tube destined to Boston, Denver, or Bombay. The Railway Express Agency has platform space in the union freight station for express shipments over all railroads. The building is large enough in area and flexible enough in its service to permit of the conducting of all business activities on one floor, including executive offices, clerical force, manufacturing and processing units, display rooms and stock and shipping departments. The alteration of the second floor of the building was recently started so that it could be used for industrial exhibition purposes. The Port Authority itself occupies the entire fifteenth floor with its administrative, operating, engineering and other offices.