The Negro World

LET'S PLAY THE GAME The Independent Weekly The Voice of the Aurachaned Negro Negro World Reaching the Mass of Negroes The Best Advertising Medium A Newspaper Devoted Solely to the Interests of the Negro Race VOL. XVI. No. 26 NEW YORK, SATURDAY, AUGUST 9, 1924 PRICE: FIVE CENTS IN GREATER NEW YORK TEN CENTS BLOEWHERE IN THE U.S. TEN CENTS IN PORTION COUNTRIES FOUR MILLION NEGROES OF THE UNIVERSAL NEGRO IMPROVEMENT ASSOCIATION TO VOTE AND WORK TOGETHER IN NOVEMBER Fellow Men of the Negro Race, Greeting: The Fourth Annual International Convention of the Negro Peoples of the World is now in session. The record of the past week is a splendid one. The delegates who assembled themselves from all parts of the world made such a demonstration of their sincerity, loyalty and devotion to the cause of the Universal Negro Improvement Association that we rise at this hour to face the world as a united force, determined now and forever to uphold the glorious banner of the Red, the Black and the Green. Spirit of Convention The spirit of this convention is something new... It is most unique. We have never heard women have lost their personal individualism and have thrown their whole hearts, souls, bodies and minds into the one supreme object that of an emancipated race and a redeemed country. Let us pray everywhere that this spirit will continue throughout the entire month of August. Let us pray that confusion does not enter the ranks of those who make up this great convention, for great work is to be done. Formation of Negro Political Union Among the many important questions to be discussed immediately will be the formation of the Negro Political Union which is to become the political voice of the four hundred million Negroes of the world. It is necessary that we have one great and powerful political organization to voice the opinions of our scattered race and especially at this time in America when we are looking forward to the great national election. In this year of 1924 four million members of the Universal Negro Improvement Association in America will vote solidly for the men, party and principles that appeal to our idealism. No longer will a member of the Universal Negro Improvement Association give or throw away his vote recklessly in America, but he is going to use it as his only power of defense; he is going to use it as his only means of expressing himself politically for his good and well-being and for the good and well-being of his race. The parties that are now desirous of securing the Negro's vote must realize that it is not to be sold. The individual Negro politician has nothing more to sell, because he represents nobody but himself, especially among the Negroes who make up the Universal Negro Improvement Association. NEGRO ENEMIES USED POLITICS TO BLOCK PROGRESS OF ORGANIZATION—SHALL RETALIATE WITH ORGANIZED VOTES APPOINTMENT OF DU BOIS AS AMBASSADOR TO LIBERIA SHOULD HAVE BEEN PROTESTED BY NEGROES—IN FUTURE SHALL WATCH APPOINTMENTS. Negroes in Office Sometimes Are Worse Than the Greatest Haters of Racc CONVENTION SHALL RING THE CHANGES Vote as You Are Directed by Negro Political Union to make our enemies realize that they cannot insult us, treat us with indignity and expect us to support them. If the ballot counts for anything, and we know it does, then that of the Negro in America will be felt during 1924. There is one thing we are proud of, and that is every member of the Universal Negro Improvement Association is really loyal to the roll call. We are not disposed to say where we will throw our ballots. The convention will decide that. Whether we give it to the Democrats, the Republicans, or to the Independents, it shall only be cast for men, measures and principles that tend to the well-being of the Negro race and the interests of the nation and the Universal Negro Improvement Association. There are many other things that we have before us that will be paramount during the month of August. We are going to discuss them dispassionately and we are broad and liberal to the point that we welcome all. Room for Every One The Universal Negro Improvement Association has room for every Negro who means well by himself and by his race. It stretches out the hand of fellowship and comradeship to each and everyone. Renegades keep away, and traitors are afraid, and the grafters see absolutely no hope; but those who are sincere, those who are loyal to the race and self can always find comradeship in the ranks of the Universal Negro Improvement Association. As we, the delegates of the people, elected by them to represent their interests, assemble and carry out our work in New York we ask that those whom we represent do everything to help us make a success of this convention. The Association needs funds to carry on its work. Let the Delegates Come Those who cannot afford to reach New York, send in all the help you can to the Parent Body. Send in all that you have collected for the Convention Fund. Send in all that you have on your Division Reports, so that the Association can have at its command the necessary force to support itself. We are willing to assist you in an important appeal. It is for help for the Association. Black Cross Navigating and Trading Company Those who have not yet loaned their $50, $100, $200 or $500, do so now. It is clearly understood and defined that the Black Cross Navigating and Trading Company is borrowing loans for five and ten years bearing an interest of 5% annually to help the organization to finance its commercial maritime program. We want ships on the seven seas to trade between America, the West Indies, South and Central America. 'We want ships to trade between America, the West Indies, South and Central America and Africa. We want ships to carry our commerce around the world, and with ships we intend to build up our industries, through which we hope to be able to employ millions of our race. It is a duty that we owe to this generation and to the future generations to build up ourselves industrially, and we hope to do this by starting with the Black Cross Navigating and Trading Company. Greater and Stronger Industrialism Let our cry be everywhere a greater and stronger industrial and a greater and stronger commercial foundation. No people can be permanently great who haven't laid such a foundation. It is the industrial strength of America that makes her leader of the world. It is the commercial and industrial strength of England that makes her Mistress of the Seas. It is the commercial and industrial strength of Germany that made her a fear to the world, and so, if Africa is to rise to the highest heights of national strength, it must be through commerce and industry. Lay Good Foundation Let us now lay our foundation. This should be the keynote of the convention of 1924—a stronger commercialism and a stronger industrialism. Group Ourselves Together Men and women, everywhere, let us group ourselves together for unity. Let us put forth every energy that we have, every spirit and spark of loyalty that we have for this race of ours and go forward. Care not what the enemy says. Don't be disturbed by their actions and by their tongues. It is natural that those who have profited by our ignorance will oppose us. It is natural that those who have lifted themselves to success at our expense will ridicule us. the members of the Universal Negro Improvement Association and those who lead it, but we are intelligent and sober enough to pay no attention to them. Working for Ourselves It is our duty to save ourselves, to work for our race, irrespective of the opposition that confronts us, so we appeal to you at this time to give every support you possibly can to the great cause of the Universal Negro Improvement Association. Those delegates who have not yet arrived in New York are requested to speed up and be here to take part in the discussions of the important subjects that will be laid before the convention. Let everybody who can afford to come to New York be here, and those who cannot come please send in your financial support and help to help us carry out our program. en : ‘2 ee Pde = i ; tt Sk the a | yw . aa ried ee ee Re rg +: ay a ‘ / - 3 ae ‘ 7. ; mh ae: re. fd — be a £ oe i - ao A rae mi 6 wee 4 iis, or ne Pp Te wooeee . nue 8G ptalthge ge . Cl la ai a a . 2. ‘fA at Cnr inn: og ' ae a =) Se OP LER bod iv m _ : Fy F Ps Pay i ; pur Aerioan See; She artes Saw dos’ the, Rod, cha. Wiask and Sb Oise Grabwort Megrega: ‘held alef the benseve of Heli, Seyet, Cubs. bod Abyssinia. Ov. McGuire, Primate of the African Orthedes Churah, rides newt em son cseriain and ian heleld of GR behaldors ove. mon foltrwing with elu ploturce: A Bigok Madenne with iclesk Infant in hor armsy.6 Black Mén of Serrews; Antonio Macees Preveriok Deugiaes; Booker Washington, and =": Batachmants ofthe lagione ahd ether auxiliaries follow, the segimentel colors preceding thom - Thay win ynetinted sireles from the’ en-lepkere fer thelr emert -bearing. Yhe: Phitedeiphlo Chapter, yaite, aeseaded by efficdre, copning's ‘epeciel maed of applaves si! along the route. Next In line are the executive efficere of the asssciation in. open cars, “in ‘the fellewing order: ‘The supreme deputy, Won: G. 0. Mark;-the President-General, Hen, Marcus Gorvay, with’ the Hen, R. Yan Richards, shaplein ta, the Liberisn Bongte; Gevend Agaistent Precidunt-General, Gir William Sherriliy Third Assistant Preeident-General, Hon. Rudotph Gmiths Georetary-Genera! Hpn..@E. Gorter: Chancellor Sir Clifford Bourne, Auditer-General Sir F. Levi Lerd).Mimletor Cd Labor and Industry Hon. -Thomas Andersen, and First Assistarit Seeretary~ Gonere! Hon, Pereive! L. Burrows. 3 “THE WORLD IN HARLEM |: Belogates from various divisions follow, with their beriners, from Breeklyin ‘and Haiti, Boston, and Britsih Guiana, Costa Rice and Cubs, Seattle and South Africa, from Detreit, 8. Louis, Miami and the Virgin Islands, from Barbedos and’ Jamaice—frqn Africa, from the United States, from Canada, Sqith and Céntrat America, from the Qaribbean and from the Pacifio lelands,. Inscrip- tions which seemed to epring up like mushrooms as the parade formed are’ carried high.gnd proudly by men, women dnd childreni. “Dewn with Du Bois!” one vengefully proclaims, and from ‘red letters another, in slese attenBance, berks, “Dewn With Jim-Crowiem,” And thue they run: “Evil be te him who evil thinks,” “We will vote for the sarty that is fair to the U.N. 1. A,” “Black men ene ruled the world.” “Africa Resurrected.” “Can aliens Aight Negroes in Africal—Remember the New York 16th,” “In God and 400,000,000 of our race we trust.” z oe [WHAT THE U.N. 1A. STANDS FOR ° But perhaps the greatest favorites with .the throngs, are the decorated floats. They tell silently and eleguently what the’ Universal Negre Improve- ment: Association is striving for; what means thie great concourse of tene of thousands ef black men, wonien and children. A thing of beauty ang art ie that manned by the Black Cross nurses, twelve nurses, in their white iuni- forma, sit ‘sewing, in eradies recline Negro babies, a huge black papier-mache tross tewering at the rear of the float.* It is very realistic.. 8o le another, depleting thé Negro pleading his cause at.the fribisnal of world opinion. In two others, artistically decorated, ride the employes of the parent body: yet srother exemplifies nationhood, and at @ piano in another, « lady cherister site plying the Ethiopian national: anthem, while choristers sweetly sing the rousing refrain.. A mirheure presentation of a newly reared colony in Afrion evokes a great deal of sdmiration and comment. “Qur Colonization Program.® t fe tabeled. er At d’o'eleck the parade comes to # close.. The officials of the. associetion 4d several distinguished visiters take up thelr positions on the reviewing stand and the great procession passes by, the various military unite saluting pmartiy. Then Harlem gees heme te rest. i “ MEN CHARGED WITH SLAYING. EASON ~FAEED'BY JURY WN THENTY MATES ee ee p Stedreae of tts world ore tn. oes- ‘Bust <i, Shomcentin ¢¢ Megvees, far ant neag, are fo Beery fey ter abyst down Sava tad a be Pagan Yeas Antioas: the. delegate (freee Rape aD eateh Dis eats “ete mk Seige Teas the aeis- ioe B reckn oi come _hapted, cigmameas® arity the * Gctognte “Sab QB wil fo well. Delegates amv Gangrey: teed ‘may be neat Die- QU: Sapeenieat-arms may fo beot ‘beep But menseres, not meg, wil de fm the meting pot. True, some men, may cams anh aircng enh cme mas. caqne’ out weak, byt the FA UME wilt be the thing. aol gurouah 1ptth oAfet and foked im et Lberty Mall on Sunday night that did net a thrin?: Thousands of rea tee femenellting, etanaiag, ‘whefiver Jf equare Sect space was ‘erate! Hundrede forced-to stand want of oven stenting reset ‘Men anf women, smiling, iat ehecrtag, with the thormene- Yon the wall registering 89 degrees, coming oway-relectantly and Oe- sted because at 11 o'sieck Marcus ‘Garvey announced he woul not speak ‘that might. f "What have the.ecofferpand the ncala- wage te any fe 1t at? | What have ther te say: of the tremendous tribute Har- Yom paid the Universal Megre Improve- mont Aseosletion on Friday, Augwst 1. ‘when it turned out almost toa man to jola to. of witness the celebrations? ‘What will the siperciiious Percy have $0 say tor his sheet—Percy, who woul It be could, tke Lord, Louis Mountbat- ten, enusin of the, Prinoe of Wales, ex- claim to a wandering waiter tn the frentea: «a8 “Meunibettes, Lows, NEW YORK, Friday, August 1.-The Fourth International Con- vention of the Negro peoples of the world-called together by the Universal Negro Improvement Association for the purpose of dis- cussing the vital problems of the race, opened today under most favorable conditions, and Will continue during thg entire month. ‘The ‘weather which for several days previous had been sweltering ‘almost beyond endurance, cooled off with welcome showers that fell the evening’ béforé, snd notwithstanding thet the sun failed to show its face, the day was ideal, its beauty being suficlent fm itect? to lend inspiration to the delegates who have come hithér from all parts ‘of the world, as they enter upen the momentous task which they. have assembled to prosecute. ~ Today was the culmination of weeks and months of strenuous preperation on the part of the executives of the Parent Body of the Universal Ni it Asesociat to “ Sr aay ease otn Fat sree Ind wader he euploes, How sll they idle pth the volumes of praise and sdriirition day eae en ‘every quarter at-the various activities which featured the opening of the convention—the solemnity and impressiveness_of the divine services in Liberty Hall, the gorgeousness of the street parade, and the overwhelming attendance at the night meeting in Carnegie Hall. Everything was-in perfect readiness for the. occasion and when Friday morning dawned, Harlem awoke to find that section where Negroes abound in hundreds of thousands, transfermed into 9 yerjt- able panorama of flags and’ bunting. Gayly bedecked with the colors of Red, Black and Green—the eolors of the organization—grace- fully: mingled with the Stars and: Stripes of America, the main streets and thoroughfares assumed a holiday which imparted festive spirit to Harlem’s Negro populace insomuch that it seemed as if everybody suspended work for the day to watch or participate in the parade.” From lip to lip the word passed that today was the opening of the Fourth Internationa] Convention, Gradually the crowds began to gather and‘by noon—an hour before the parade was scheduled to take place—the sidewalks on every block extending from 125th street to 145th street, on Lenox and Seventh avenues, were packed with a seething mass of humanity, each vieing with the other. for a place of vantage, to say nothing of the hundreds that hung from windows and stood on roofs to get « view of the procession as it passed by. - ecuad - THE DIVINE SERVICES At 10 o'clock divine services, marking the opening”of the conven- tion, were held in’ Liberty Hall, at which time a congregation of about 5,000 people filled the-hall.. The. services were solemn and impreisive and ‘an atmosphere of reverence and devotion prevailed that was indicative ‘of realization of the seriousness which the Universal Negro Improvement Association has taught its followers | tc attach to the spiritual side of its program. The ‘services were | intoned throughout, and the conerea er led by'the U.N. I... choir of about thirty voices. accompani the U. N. I. A. orthestra under. the direction of Prof. Arnold J, Ford, joined lustily in. the | singing. The Very Rev. George Alexander McGuire, Bishep of the African Orthodox Church, preached an erudite sermon from the text, “And the Lord said uate him, ‘What is that in thine hand?’. And |: he said, ‘A rod.” It was indeed more than a sermon. It was a practical application of the scriptures to"the program of the Uni- versal Negro Iniprovement Asseciation in its fight for the redemp- tion of. Africa, and an-illustration of what the Negro might actom- | Mish if he but placed faith in leadership such as that given him by |, the Universal Negro Improvement Assestation. Seldem has a set- |, mon ‘been attended apperently with more immediate effects and! many a time the audience moved by the’eloquence of the bishop and || the poignancy of his utterences, forgot themscives “and gave way |’ to their feelings with applduse. He spoke for-nearly-a hour, yet |, the epngregation never seemed te tie dnd could hiave' listened to ; THE PARADE_ The religious servicés were over by 12 o'clock and within an hour | after, the perede wes scheduled-to' take place. This was the event |i on which 40 eyes. were focussed end the Ivundreds ef, themsends of epectatert whp turned owt to witness it craned thélr necks eagerly ewuhing to.e00 the preceasion pecs. When at | o'clock the 16,909), marchers on fest, on herpebeck, ar in automebiiey etrted frew 586th |. quegh whery: the -hentgupreery cf: the Universel Wogre lmprove: | Repecnion are teceet, on @ wes presented |' a rh: : ewes 7 thee’ biggeet gerade over staged| Harta cud wei tes’ nape etlorty cot angaoe ote fied | ‘But, perbaps, Perey, Mie bis Wk, will ‘now follow the crowd. I venture to pre- Aict that the single-track minds of cer- tain -Dudding Negro journalists, that “run so unerringty tm the Ceeoasian _groove, wil} Gey themoeives many pen- alam, now. that the Hevertal wake Now Tay mae. very que of: them, have ‘written of tho Universal Megre my provement Asstcietion; mines burlesque, minus docett. A certain young gentie- moan who hag been beesting of making a mall fertune by lampoentng U. N. I. A. aventg this month, T learn, and from ‘no lesa an authority than the Harlem “Follies,” ip-4eoply embarrassed. Nothing iiccesde lke success. ‘The ‘Universal Negre Improvement Anso- clation hae demsenatrated that. tt {9.12 earnest, that it fs courageous, that it 16 truthful, that (t has Negro opinion sol- idly behind it. Ite principles are as reck, a8 uncompromising and as firm. Itncnsea child may plead auecenntully at the bar. So on eriticism and oppo- sition and hard knocks it feeds and Rrows fat. Here's confusion to the flat- tarera and long life and prosperity to the eritics! * = Racently the story Mitered through tha lard of two Negroes worked ax sliveg 4n Georgia and vilely treated by their. white masters. Tt was a haerowlns tale. Society, as usual, -was shocked that these ‘things still happened ina Christian ‘age, In a Christian land. ‘Thene men, the story ran. were forced to murder ‘their own parenta on the farm. Horror of horrors! Negio news- papers from flaming headlingn exe- crated the Inwlene “Crackers” who yproddegsthe men to patricide. But what of the other side of the Picture? 4s much ta be exeersted ware the two Negroen themselves who could Kill thelr bloodkin at’ the bidding of the white man. The Negro who would May his mother tn the hope of saving his life tn not worthy of the nathe of Negro.. Truly, we get what we deserve __N6 gelf-respecting Journal, be it Ne- ‘srs oF white, of course. should keep allonce while the Bouthern white gen- tleman thruste ue back into.the Stone Age: But it were far better that: the surtain of silence had deen drawn ever this bit of shvagery and revolting inhu- manity than that the minds, of ,un- thinking Nesgo youth’ ahould be aoe- taminated by reading of the price-these two Negroes were willing to ig for ‘hele continued existence. cel by Sees anes = ae 4 eee aa Rare IERUPRERS OF DELECATES FROM ALL PARTS OF THE WORLD ASSEMBLE 1: 7 IN NEW YORK FOR ONE SOLID MONTH OF DISCUSSION OF WORLD |, PROBLEMS WHICH CONFRONT THE GREAT NEGRO RACE TODAY . PARADE BIGGEST IN HISTORY OF NEGROES IS WITNESSED BY TWO HUNDRED THOU- | SAND PEOPLE—POPULACE IS CARRIED AWAY WITH ENTHUSIASM AT SUCCESS OF MOVEMENT AND ITS WONDERFUL DEMONSTRATION —-HARLEM, HOME- OF |’ 200,000 NEGROES, CULLS OUT ‘A HOLIDAY-MARCUS GARVEY CHEERED BY ;, DENSE THRONGS THAT LINE ROUTE OF MARCH - i oo at 1: 5 * 8 % ees ae Rk . ca . . | CROWDS PACK CARNEGIE HALL AT MONSTER MASS MEETING CELEBRATED ARTISTS APPEAR IN EXCELLENT 4 2 RN we % ‘ eres. S . oe . ae GARVEY DELIVERS KEYNOTE SPEECH AND JUSTIFIES CLAIM TO LEADERSHIP : SRACE—RAPS DU BOIS AND JAMES WELDON JOHNSON FOR FOOLING THE-RACE’ / —THE DAY WILL NEVER DAWN, HE SAYS, WHEN A NEGRO FROM MISSISSIPPI OR’ \ ANY-OTHER STATE WiLL BE AMERICA’S AMBASSADOR TO THE COURT OF ST. *. JAMES—U. N. I. A: HAS STOOD THE STERNEST OF TESTS . . symbolic’ of .an organization that has.a purpose—the purpose ef showing to the world that the Negro is capable of doing -big things in.an orderly and systematic way. No longer were the spectators @ morbidly curious crowd who lookéd and. scoffed but people who gazed with admiration at the worlderful demonstration staged by an organization which but a few short years ago was laughed: at and jeered when .its few founders undertook’ to proclaim to the world that the Negro was tired of being the underdog and that he was out to deck naffonhood for hinself,on the continent of Africa. THE CARNEGIE HALL MEETING . “ The climax of the opening day's, activition-was a monster mass meeting held at 9-c'stock in the evening at Carnegie Nall, ene of the famous, most beautiful and opacious auditoriums in the city of New York. Thire ever three thousand people sesembled and packed the building, notwithstanding the admission charged, rénging from $1.10 te $276 Prive to the. sowed, saben, Wehr iscoel 200s captivated “whe: C4 a sBheneon ear agen sie ‘come an UN: Mine Grace Gonelly; Pref. Packer Rameay tn a ‘bees cole, and the Wormeny. Four Quartet. The Menersh Bend pleved splendid eelections at intervals during the prebram. * zy ore . Speeches were delivered by Hon. Mersus Garvey, Presigent-General of the U.N. 1, A, Hon. William L: Sherrill, second Assistant President-General and Bishop Gee. A. MeGuire. . Enthusiaem, wae rife throughout the mesting and the vast -eudiease shawed, in ne uncertain way their appreciation: of the sentiments expreseed by The ‘speakers in behalf of the. movement gnd ite poopibitities, and of the reautt which the convention heped te ascompliph during the month of August in the way of putting ever the pregram and in creating sentiment that will finds ite reaction in an alleviation of the gtatuy of Negroes throughout the world and establishing a Negro Republic in the continent of Africa. -- Thia meeting brought te @ close the opening day which, from every peink of view, was an unqualified suceose and augured -wall fer ‘the outcome) of the whole month's convention. It was an eventful day thet gave the public ‘of New Verk an opportunity te behold the elrength of the movement, the class of determined: progressive Negroes who constitute its membership, and added a new page to Negre history that will refound to the credit of the organization and ite able founder and leader, Mareus Garvey. ter: ethev cotammne: wilt he Seen’ deteiled abuctnts-a6 the various 4unction: From. the Times-Picayune » It took a jury just 20 minutes tc acquit Constancy: F:, Dyer and Wil- liam Shakespeare, Negroes, charged with the killing of Rev. J. H. W. Eason, Negro minister, in Judge Echezabal's section of the criminal district court late yesterday. -Dfer’ and’ Shakespeare. were charged at this trial for anstaugh: ter following the killing of Rev Eason as an outgrowth of friction among the Negro element here over the Marcus Garvey “Africa for the Negroes” idea. ; The jury's not guilty verdict was unanimous as to both defendants. Immediately. upon their releane Shakespeare and Dyer held a regular reception in the corridors ef the court where they have faced trial for Eason’s aileged k{l}ing. They were the center of a happy. perspiring, enthusiastic throng, Which Kept them busy accépt- ing: the congratulations and acknowl. edging the pfeydite that: were heaped upem them by the Nexroes, who all through the Ave days of the trial jammed Judge Fchezabal'n court to the everfew point. ¢ ‘The recePeion came near being & fivver, hewever. x ‘When the, jury's verdict was in, two deputy sheriffe began escorting Dyer and Shakespeare back toward the rear of the eeurtroom. apparentiy. én the way back .to the parish prison. It ssoms to bean if custom areynd the courts when & person is found not gvilty,.to Neo Wing tn enptedy and: rer lurm bimy to the perish prison so thet he. volegne may he lepued from there. Love Charkoanst, attorney. whaee prillient éefenpe of Begheepesrs and Dyer focused attention -on the case woughemt, Mpmetiotely pretested.” He feclared that the men, having been ac- IEG, Were gulitiog to tamediote Recher. aiid ehould be kept in cus: aty no lengepraet' even: to walk te "jean Beverabel ee previventy bag | weeres the ‘toiarte of the’ two Kegeap, qarens with ‘My, Chafhenert. nd tnstryeted the dopuiies to permit ebeapsore eng Dyer fe op tuner coding aguient: (agp. And ve the z rh the QetermEyy Eppes -te the camtligsar-d rapendiag | sca ig igre inn grec ery 3, 196% tho Beccn wae GRAPHIC DESCRIPTION OF PARADE NEW YORK, August 1.—It Is 12 o'clock, neontime, Harlem, New York City, Thousands of Negrose are pouring out of. Liberty Hall, 138th otrect, where the delegates of the Fourth {nternational Convention of the Negre peoplée’-of the world and members of the Universal Megre Improvement Associatién have attended divine servicw:. Bishop George Alexander McGuire, of the African ‘Orthodox Church, has Just delivered @ wonderful sermon. Black men and women are convinsed that it ia the height of stupidity and self- negation that Negroes should worship # Caucasian deity. If God made Negroes in His own image and likeness, then it is.ne heresy for Negroes to think of Ged and Christ as Hamitig. They emerge, thousends.of men and women, serioue-faced, earnast, thoughtful. In low, almost raverent tones, they discuss the sermon of the elequent bishep, Such is the effect of the first event in the ‘convention program of the Universal Negro Improvement Asseciation én the minds of the people. . Harlem is en fete. Festooned with flags, it reprepente # gale appearence. Every vehicle earries the emblem of Negre aspiration, the Red, the Bleck and the Green, the colors of the Provisiong! Republic af Africa, Harlem has culled out @ holiday. All Harlem ie on the thoroughfares, in festive mood. Housewives cance from their-deily round gnd sit ot.the windew, Street geming climb.to pointe ef Vantage, on theatre, house portico gnd reef, all eet Ger the monater parade timed for | p.m. Pesses of police are on duty, but their task ia an easy one. The crows are good-humered and erderly. Marcus Garvey is on al} men's lips. © = q A COLORFUL SCENE The scene in trent of the-headquerter’s offiees of the Universal Negro imprevement Assogiation gt 86 West 128th street is 9 solorful one. Thevegnde Jain the sidewalke in the vicinity ef: the'reviewing stand. There the preese- clon forms. Under the sete direction of Hen. Wilmer Rebersen, Minieter of Legions, and ‘hip stall, the formation te effected like eleckwerk. In a tittle office st 66 West 125th street two clerks werk distracted. They ere esting oe she od, che edad the Srenat:20 conte oar Fs Men.ond wamen ' flags’ from the sqvater, deposit their querters, snd evel’ cut. inte the street. “Enthweteem jo at its height. = ee oS 4 +The povage moves on. Sends, more than « dexen of thom, blire. The epectatora chyer. Hooded by five mounted New, York policemen the presser ston owing mirth jnte Lonen evenve, and movey stowly towards Eth gzpgt. An lmpaping apectasts they represent, Gen. Roberson and staff, oflewe of the Reye! Guards, of the Revel Engineers en of, the Legions, mounted, in hondeeme eniteryn, with the vonk ond fis, emart ond snappy, traiting bobindy Diack Cross murses, Poy Geowls ond Gir) Guides, members of she Wemen'p Meter Gorse, al in,tine, The route te 180th etrest, sheng LLencx svenve-te Hien etrpety weet & Seventh eyenen oneeh giing Siventh eyenve-te. 110k strect, cast Go Lenen qvenu, north to Wily strest, cect te Pith. evenun, wert) bo 10th qiepet, Oe Loney eviare ond beet te terting point. Ae the head of tho procsesiqn wwtnyp inte Caveats evetys, mony hyn st pede Whol fret step in the march. ‘Von themindy people’ are tn line, teadeeil of. meter veblétes, ~0 any of bementiy Grup Hit to HR gieccte.” A emell ormy of othe indpd of the parede (O epureqeing tetovest. . Gettng the killed, and electric lights at the corner ot South Roberteon and First streets, where the killing occurred, waa ad- duced, put aside from providing de- fense and, S{ate counsel with ammuni- Uon. for. few technical skirmishes, meant little. : The-arguinents on both sides were able and exhaustive, covering every phase of the evidence. Only once was the record in the case strayed -from, und that was during the argument of the State when Johiston Armstrong, Assistant Distfict Attorney, who, with Walter Hamlin, prosecuted Dyer “and Shakespeare, repeated ble criticirm of the State Supreme Court for a ruling under which the defense was able to introduce and elaborate on an indict- ment which charged another negro, Elsol Ramos,"with the murder of the man for whose death Dyer and Shakes- peare were being tried. ‘The criticism wap firet voiced several days ago by Mr. Armstrong during the taking of testimony. ‘As in thie previous occasion: Mr. Arm- strong. withdrew bis remarks from the record, Jater explainirg that they had been made in the zeal of prosecution. ‘The acquittal of Shakespeare. and Dyer writes fim to a casé that bes been prominently in the courts now for more than a year and @ hal and tha! at one time split & considerable element of New Orleans negroes inte two’ fac- tions, Shakespeare and Dyer, according, to the State's contentions, were militant members‘of the Marcus Garvey follow- ing in Now Orieing, filled with visions of a negro republic in Africa. Rev. Eaton, opposing tH@i alleged prope- gandi. preached the doctrine of a sutis-, fed life in America. ei A Missouri Lady Who Is. Werking fer the Program ‘To the Kdltor of the Negro World: | Tam not @ member, but desire te be. Im réeding the Negro. World I wae so enthused over the wonderful Gedoent leader that I whe compelled te ask.opece in your paper. If f evuid recall ten years back, why | would be One eyt on the Held carrying the news. What our teaders ere doing I tatend te €o with ail thet ip in my power, to help pet the program ever.-} long to oct the day wien’ the vietery wide sckleved. 1 we are to get anywhere ORO GaN SEToUTV eS mee ORT whe | am Bnterested me the movement end prey Ihat (ee peed Loud s brewweny sot ay te ewe are Gorver. ik , DELEGATES ATTEND DIVINE SERVICE AT LIBERTY HALL HON. MARCUS GARVEY SENDS CLARION CALL TO SERVICE TO THE NEGROES OF THE WORLD IN ABLE ADDRESS, HE DECLARES THE ONLY THING THAT CAN SAVE THE NEGRO IS AN IMMEDIATE REALIZATION OF HIS OWN RESPONSIBILITIES—THOSE WHO FLATTER THE NEGRO ARE HIS WORST ENEMIES All Nations Are Engaged in Desperate Struggle for the Survival of the Fittest—When There Is Only Work and Food for Some, Where Will the Negro Be? STOP DANCING AND DRINKING AWAY YOUR TIME — YESTERDAY NOT THE BEGINNING OF THE AGE OF PLEASURE It Is Fatuous to Blame the White Man for Not Helping the Negro, Who Is Too Lazy to Help Himself The following address was delivered by the Hon. Marcus Garvey, President-General of the Universal Negro Improvement Association, at the Carnegie Hall meeting, August 1, at 9.30 p. m., to a packed assembly. Mr. Garvey was introduced by the Hon. Rudolph Smith, third assistant President-General: Delegates to the Fourth International Convention of the Negro Peoples of the World, Ladies and Gentlemen: I do not desire to tax your patience tonight. You have had a very strenuous day. It is only your loyalty that has brought you here tonight after the burdensome heat of the day. We are here, nevertheless, because we endorse, we support and love the Universal Negro Improvement Association. We are here tonight because it is our duty to be here as delegates to the Fourth International Convention of the Negro peoples of the world. I have reduced my speech to writing because I do not desire to be misquoted or misrepresented. You will pardon me, therefore, for reading my speech, if I can read it. It is so difficult for me to speak from the written manuscript because I am accustomed to speak otherwise. But I want you to follow me closely as I speak to you tonight, because I am not here to flatter you, I am not here to appeal to your emotions. I am here to speak to you in a plain and friendly manner to that you will grasp really the seriousness of the situation. I am not here to appeal to your passions or prejudices. I am here to ask your serious judgment, your serious consideration of this great problem of race. The pleasure of addressing you at this hour is great. You have reassembled yourselves in New York, coming from all parts of the world to this annual convention, because you believe that by unity you can alleviate the unfortunate condition in which racially we find ourselves. We are glad to meet as Negroes, not withstanding the stigma that is placed upon us by a soulless and conscienceless world because of our backwardness. As usual, I am not here to flatter you; I am not here to tell you how happy and prosperous we are as a people—because, that is all false. The Negro is not happy; but, to the contrary, is extremely miserable. He is miserable because the world is closing fast around him, and if he does not strike out now for his own preservation, it is only a question of a few more decades when he will be completely outdone in a world of strenuous competition for a place among the afflicted of God's creation. Negro Dying Out The Negro is dying out, and he is going to die faster and more rapidly in the next fifty years than he has in the past three hundred years. There is only one thing to save the Negro, and that is an immediate realization of his own responsibilities. Unfortunately, we are the most careless and indifferent people in the world! We are shiftless and irresponsible, and that is why we find ourselves the wards of an inherited materialism that has lost its soul and its conscience. It is strange to hear a Negro leader speak in this strain, as the usual course is flattery; but I would not flatter you to save my own life and that of my own family. There is no value in flattery. Flattery of the Negro for another quarter of a century will mean hell and damnation to the race. How can any Negro leader flatter us about progress, and the rest of it, when the world is preparing more than ever to bury the entire race? Must I flatter you when England, France, Italy, Belgium and Spain are all concentrating on robbing every square inch of African territory, the land of our fathers? Must I flatter you when the cry is being loudly raised for a white America, Canada, Australia and Europe, and a yellow and brown Asia? Must I flatter you, when I find all other, peoples preparing themselves for the struggle to survive, and you still smiling, eating, dancing, drinking and sleeping away your time, as if yesterday were the beginning of the age of pleasure? I would rather be dead than be a member of your race without thought of the morrow, for it portends evil to him that thiketh not. Because I cannot flutter on I am here to tell you, and ephectically, that if we do not seriously reorganize ourselves as a people and face the world with a program of African nationalism, our days in civilization are numbered, and it will be only a question of time when the Negro will be as completely and complacently dead as the North American Indian, or the Australian Bushman. Progress on Sand You talk about the progress we have made in America and elsewhere among the people of our acquaintance. But what progress is it? A progress that can be snatched away from you in forty-eight hours, because it has been built upon sand. You must thank God for the last two generations of whites in our western civilization; thank God that they were not made of sterner stuff, and character, and a disposition to see all races their rivals and competitors in the struggle to hold and possess the world; otherwise, like the Indian, we would have nearly all been dead. The progress of the Negro in our civilization was tolerated because of indifference; but that indifference exists no longer. Our whole civilization is becoming intolerant, and because of that the whole world of races has started to think. Does Not Blame the White Man Can you blame the white man for thinking when red and yellow men are knocking at his door? Can you blame the tiger for being on the defensive when the lion approaches? And thus we find that generations ago, where the Negro was not given a thought as a world competitor, he is now regarded as an encumbrance in a civilization to which he has materially contributed little. Men do not build for others; they build for themselves. The age and our, religion demand it. What are you going to expect—that white men are going to build up in America and elsewhere and hand it over to us? If we are expecting that, we are crazy, we have lost our reason. If you were white, you would see the rest in hell before you would deprive your children of bread to give it to others. You would give that which you did not want, but not that which is to be the sustenance of your family—and so the world thinks. Yet a DuBois and the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People will tell us by flattery that the day is coming when a white President of the United States of America will get out of the White House and give the position to a Negro; that the day is coming when a Mr. Hughes will desert the Secretaryship of State and give it to the Negro. James Weldon Johnson; that the time is just around the corner of constitutional rights when the next Ambassador to the Court of Saint James will be a black man from Mississippi or from North Carolina. Do you think that white mice who have suffered, bled and died to make America and the world what it is are going to hand over to a percel of lazy Negroes the salings that they prize most? Stop fattering yourselves, fellow- men, and let us go to work. Do you hear me? Go to work; go to work in HON. MARCUS GARVEY President-General, Universal Negro Improvement Association the morn of a new creation and strike not because of the noonday sun, but plod on and on, until you have succeeded in climbing the hills of opposition and reached the height of self-progress, and from that pinnacle beatow upon the world a civilization of your own, and hand down to your children and posterity of your own a worthy contribution to the age of human materialism. Fair and Just We of the Universal Negro Improvement Association are fair and just. We do not expect the white man to rob himself and to defive himself for our racial benefit. How could you reasonably expect that in an age like this, when men have divided themselves into racial and national groups, when the one group has its own interest to protect as against that of the other? The laws of self-preservation force every human group to look after itself and protect its own interest, hence so long as the American white man or any other white man, for that matter, realizes his responsibility, he is bound to struggle to protect that which is his and his own, and I feel that the Negro today who has been led by the unacquainted of our race has been grossly misguided in the direction of expecting too much from the civilization of others. The Carpet-Bagger Immediately after emancipation, we were improperly led in the. South by this same group and ultimately lost our vote and voice. The carpet-hagger and the thoughtless, selfish Negro politician and leader sold the race back into slavery. And the same attempt is now being made in the North by that original group prompted by the dishonest white political boss and the unscrupulous Negro politician. The time has come for both races to seriously adjust their differences and settle the future of our respective peoples. The selfish of both races will not stop to think and act, but the responsibility becomes more so, ours, who have the vision of the future. Because of my attempt to lead my race into the only solution that I see would benefit both groups. I was and have been maliciously and wickedly maligned, and by members of our own race. I have been plotted against, framed up, indicted and convicted, the story which you so well know. That was responsible for our not having a convention last year. I thank you. (Continued on page 14) HON. WILLIAM L. SHERRILL SAYS THE NEGRO HAS FOUND HIMSELF AND IS NOW ON HIS WAY IN WARM TRIBUTE TO LEADER, HE DECLARES MARCUS GARVEY HAS MADE AN INDELIBLE IMPRINT ON THE HUMAN MIND—WHATEVER MEN MAY SAY OF RENOWNED LEADER, THE WORLD REALIZES HE LIVES AND IS ON THE JOB Negroes Will Be Free for They Have Made Up Their Minds to Climb the Rugged Path to Freedom — Germany Powerful Yesterday, Is Now a Vassal; So Conditions Change BISHOP McGUIRE, INTRODUCING MR. SHERRILL, RAPS FOOLISH TALK OF "WEST INDIAN MOVEMENT" The Incident of Having Been Sold in Savannah, Ga. or Bridgetown, Barbados, Makes No Difference The following speeches were made by Bishop George Alexander McGuire, of the African Orthodox Church, and Hon. William L. Sherrill at the Carnegie mass meeting: Bishop George A. McGuire-Introduced Hon. William L. Sherrill as follows: I consider it a great honor conferred upon me to present to you the first speaker on the program, and indeed the honor is emphasized when I reflect upon the fact that the speaker is a young man of American birth and citizenship. (Applause.) I say for the good reason that the Universal Negro Improvement Association, which has often been described as the Garvey movement, is considered by many newspaper men and reporters as a West Indian movement. I want to say that in this organization and present here tonight, there are representatives of all the States of this Union as well as the islands of the sea, and our ancestral continent of Africa. (Applause.) And I trust the time is not far distant when reporters of our race will stop characterizing this organization as a West Indian organization. (Applause.) From the Same Ancestors Who are West Indians, anyhow, and who are black Americans, anyhow? Where did the American-born black come from? He must trace his ancestry back to West Africa, where we who happened to be born in the Caribbean Islands must also trace our ancestry. Back in the days when the white man considered us as cattle and Drake and others brought their ships loaded with freight of slaves, they sold perhaps my grandfather in Antigua, British West Indies, and they may have brought sir (pointing to a gentleman of American birth), your grandfather to Charleston, (Laughter and applause). And it may be that you and I are relatives and don't know anything about it. The incident of having been sold in Savannah, Ga., or sold in Bridgetown, Barbados, or Kingston, Jamaica, makes absolutely no difference. But for this propaganda, I excuse black Americans, for it is the policy of the white man to divide and rule; and I trust that the day is not far distant when the men of the Negro race in this country will realize that we have one ancestor in Ham, one God to serve and one destiny before us. (Great applause.) Born in one of those islands myself in 1866, I came here in 1893, in my 27th year—only about six years a man. Immediately I made application for citizenship. I took out my papers and in 1898 I became a naturalized citizen of Uncle Sam; and some of these men would have wished, they were born elsewhere. I did not have to become an American citizen; it was an incident of my birth; it was my own deliberate purpose—and I do not regret having done so. And so I stand as a native born West Indian to take my brother born in the Archipelago and Caribbean Islands by one hand and to take you, sir (extending, his hand to an American born gentleman), by the hand—and to connect my brother born in the islands, and the day is not far distant when we shall stand shoulder to shoulder not only as residents but citizens of this vast Republic; and we trust that for ever and for ever this reflection upon West Indians—this reflection upon this movement shall have been obliterated. (Applause.) Did Not Stop to Ask And so it is with great pleasure I present a young man who never stopped to ask where the leader of this movement was born, who did not stop to ask who composed any portion of the membership, but when the call came to him—the call of conviction—he answered. I knew his father before him; a Negro every inch of him; a man brought up in the Methodist Episcopal ministry, who intended him for the ministry when I served as Archdeacon in the Protestant Episcopal Church in Arkansas and had that vast city under me to establish Negro churches for the Episcopalian white church as I am now establishing independent Episcopal churches for the Negro. Philander, Smith College in Little Rock, Ark., was one of the institutions—and still is—of the Southland conducted by the A. M. E. Church. There this young man graduated, and just so he was about to begin a career of an educator among his people, the call for arms went through the North and South. East and West, of this country and, though we know that this so-called war for democracy would leave us on the outside of democracy after the war was over, this young man divorced himself from the profession that he had chosen for himself, and as a loyal American citizen he went forth and fought the battles of this nation; and when all was over, did he get any, of this democracy? No! like most of the colored boys who have not forgotten and will never forget, he was thrown high and wide upon the dump and in looking around to see where he could be useful to his race, no longer as an educator, for he had made a break, there came along the man who gave him inspiration and showed him a new vision, and immediately, as he enlisted under Uncle Sam, so he enlisted in the Universal Negro Improvement Association and after a little while of service he was promoted to become Second Assistant President-General of the Universal Negro Improvement Association. Won His Spurs That young American colored man has won his spurs in this association, and we are proud of him. Whatever he happened to be born, he is a Negro like his father, through and through, and he has been a loyal supporter of the President-General of this association; and because of these things despite the fact that I am somewhat hoarse after that 45 minutes' sermon to you this morning and that I am now suffering with a very bad headache; despite that fact I would be a derelict to my duty to decline when I am called upon. It gives me pleasure to present to this audience the Hon. William L. Sherill, Second Assistant President-General of the Universal Negro Improvement Association. (Applause.) MR. SHERRILL'S ADDRESS Hon. William Sherrill. Assistant President-General of the U. N. I. A. said: May it please Four Highness the Supreme Deputy and Acting Potentate. His Excellency the President-General and Provisional President of Africa, members of the High Executive, ladies and gentlemen: That introduction is one part of the program which I am glad is over. If there is any time that I getidgety it is when I am introduced and the one introducing me is compelled to say something of me which I do not believe, though I know that Bishop McGuire has said all he said in all honesty and sincerity. I only hope that my services to the association and to the race will some day come up to the high mark that the good Bishop has set for me. We of the association, not only of the association but the Negro as a race, have reached another big moment in our lives. Today marks another big moment in the life of the Negro. I do not mean another big moment from the point of view of the demonstration of brass bands and brass buckles, but a big moment from the point of view of responsibility which the opening of the Fourth International Convention places upon the shoulders of those Negroes who are attempting to lead the destiny of the race. We have come again from all parts of the world to the city of New York to give a report of our stewardship in the various parts of the world as regards this programme and the interests of the Negro and to consider subjects and questions vital to his as a race. We have here tonight representatives from all quarters of the globe where Negroes are domiciled; serious-minded Negroes who have traveled thousands of miles to decide and pursue questions that weigh heavily upon the minds of black men everywhere. We are met under the auspices of an organization born of the brain of Hon. Marcus Garvey which has stirred the world like no other Negro movement of modern times. I do not care what the world thinks of Marcus Garvey; I do not care how white and black newspapers may burlesque him; I do not care how much seisham and sealous Negroes may decide and criticise him, the fact remains that Marcus Garvey has done more than any other Negro to awaken the Negro to a consciousness of himself and to give him guts and backbone to go forward and to fight his own cause. The world may be in doubt today (Continued on Page 18) The Negro World does not knowingly accept questionable or fraudulent advertising. Readers of the Negro World are earnestly requested to invite our attention to any failure on the part of an advertiser to adhere to any representation contained in a Negro World advertisement. NOTICE, TO READERS AND AGENTS From and After the Issue Dated July 5, 1924, the Price of This Paper Will Be 10 Cents Outside of New York City and Abroad The Paper Will Continue at 16 Pages THE MANAGEMENT LETS PUT IT OVER THE FOURTH INTERNATIONAL CONVENTION Conventions of the Negro People of the World under the huspices of the Universal Negro Improvement Association. The significant thing about it is that it has been done in the face of the world-wide belief that it could not be done. Before it was done the common belief was that the Negro people of the world, or of a given place, were incapable of banding themselves together, under the leadership of men of their own selection: for the accomplishment of purposes which would tend to subserve and protect their interests, and not the interests of others. The fact that Marcus Garvey was able to gather around him year after year representatives of the Negro people from all the four corners of the earth; and that he could keep them organised in their locales, and responsive to the purposes and obligations of the Parent Body, was a revelation not only to the Negro people themselves but to the rest of mankind. It was not believed that the Negro could think and organize for his own protection and advancement, and follow his own leadership and finance it, and this latter fact is of the greatest importance, but Marcus Garvey has shown them through the successful workings of the Universal Negro Improvement Association not only that they can do it, but that they have done it. The big world is no longer skeptical about that. The starting point, the beginning of the success of any group or race or nation is a proper appreciation of itself and its interests and of its ability to serve for their mutual advantage and not for the advantage of others. Given that beginning and what any group or race or nation may accomplish will depend upon itself and not upon others. The members of the Universal Negro Improvement Association have learned this lesson during the five years of the existence of the organization, and they are growing in knowledge every day and will come to maturity in due season. Have no fear of that. The enemies of the race, inside and outside it, realize this fact now, and they have no pleasure in doing so, but the reverse. The Fourth International Convention of the Negro People of the World will make race history. That is what its members were called together to make. SPAIN CANNOT CONQUER THE TRIBESMEN It is of vital interest to the Negro people of the world to know that the Spaniards have failed to conquer the Tribesmen of Morocco, over whom Spain exercises a Protectorate. Spain took over the Protectorate in 1909 and in the effort to conquer the Tribesmen it has expended more than $400,000,000. The Spanish people are very much oppressed by the high taxation which the constant military operations in Northern Africa makes necessary, and have shown their dissatisfaction in such a way as to make the Government understand that there has got to be a change. General Prime de Rivera, the dictator of Spain, it is said, has decided to make such changes in the withdrawal of troops as will bring the expenditures for military purposes within the $20,000,000 estimates and, give up entirely the hopeless effort of conquering the Riff Tribesmen. They simply refuse to be conquered. The French, English and Italians also have territorial interests in that quarter of the globe, which they guard zealously, and they are not downcast because of the troubles the Spanish have with the Tribesmen of their Protectorate. When people do not want to be conquered those who want to conquer them often have great loss of money values and man power to show for their efforts. The point is, that if the Spaniards find it impossible to conquer the Tribesmen of Morocco, because the Tribesmen do not want to be conquered, and meet force and strategy with force and strategy, other African tribes similarly disposed can maintain their independence by fighting for it or recover their independence by fighting those who have robbed them of it. It will come to that in the long run. We have echoes of it from all parts of Asia and Africa in the newspaper exchangers and the correspondence which reaches The Negro World from time to time. The inability of Spain to conquer the Morocco Tribesmen, and the enforced relinquishment of control of Egypt and threat to hold on the Sudan at all hazards by Great Britain, are object lessons from which the other Tribesmen of Africa will learn much to their advantage in the evening of things, which is due and coming to all times that have humped the authority and grabbed the lands and obtained the labor of others. THE MEGYT was the first step on the history that any condition is permanent in possession. We all know what steps nature brings us, we are staring at social death and like things that make it death. That is the plight. What is the fact? The masses of the people everywhere are wedded to the old order and fight change of any kind into the last ditch. They prefer to stagnate in the old order rather than hasten the better things in the new order, about which they know nothing but fear everything. They go on from year to year, "bearing the ills they have rather than fly to others they know not of," and utterly die in the stagnation without effort to live. They call it conservatism. Perhaps. We call it death. The earth is a vast graveyard of dead people who died of stagnation, because they refused to grow. We call it arrested development, such as afflicted the Occidental Red Races and which afflicts the Oriental Races, who are so mixed in their race crosses as to make it difficult to differentiate them into any accurate classification. The Japanese only of the Orientals have shown any of the qualities of a surviving race type capable of coping with the requirements of modern civilization. We have noticed with interest that the intelligent natives of Africa, those over whom Europeans have lordship, are very timid in approaching anything that looks revolutionary, that will disturb the existing order, although it may be grinding them to powder. They fear the mailed fist. They hope against hope that bad conditions will grow better, and that the less they have to say and do about them the better for them. We do not blame them, but we strive to wake them up and to make them self-reliant; not rashly but thoughtfully so, and we believe we see signs that they are becoming more alive and self-reliant. It is necessary. The natives are getting their own newspapers and leaders and organizations, and through the teachings of these they are beginning to see in the dark. They are beginning to state their grievances and to insist upon redress for them. The Communist party of the Third Internationale has done much to arouse the spirit of brotherhood and community of interests of the workers of South Africa, natives as well as Europeans, but the natives have not been precipitant in embracing the olive branch. They see trouble for them with the ruling powers by doing so. They have the right view of it, but they will never get any betterment of their citizenship and their economic values without reasonably antagonizing those who rule and exploit them. Our esteemed contemporary, the Johannesburg International, is striving to show them this fact, but they are slow to grasp it. They fear. The London Evening News of July 9 had the following to say about conditions in South Africa and Tom Mann, who is not thought well of by the natives: Six million Negroes, illiterate and ignorant, are awaiting the magic wand of a Third Internationale awakening to begin class warfare against white plantation owners, capitalists, and even their proletarian white brother workers in South Africa, according to Mr. Tom Mann, the delegate of the British Communist Party, who is representing British Reds at the congress of the Communist Internationale now being held in Moscow, says a Riga message. Mr. Mann, addressing the congress, informed the delegates that the revolution in South Africa would be a "leadpipe cinch" providing that the Moscow commissions enlarge their appropriation by an increase of organizing activities among South African Negroes. At present the blacks are only awaiting Communist leaders, financed by Moscow, to lead them into union with the "Union of Socialist Soviet Republics whose present capital is Moscow." Mr. Mann cited the gold industry as typical, reporting that 76,000 skilled white workers refuse to associate with the unionized 230,000 blacks. Therefore—according to Mr. Mann—the Communists should not attempt to communize the white unions but should use the color line to organize the blacks. Should M. Rakovsky's delegation in London obtain a loan, the Soviet Government will have enough money to advance the necessary funds to cause a revolution in Africa and also to increase similar propaganda in India. There is much discontent among the natives of South Africa, but two do not judge by what their leaders have to say in their conventions and through their newspapers that any such revolutionary condition as Tom Mann indicates exists in South Africa at this time. The natives are groping their way; they are not rushing headlong into any movement for their betterment. We think Mr. Tom Mann is fishing for a large propaganda appropriation from the Third Internationale of Moscow to enable him to continue his sort of activities in South Africa. The British people may think that any loan they may make to the Russian Soviet government would help on the discontent among the natives of South Africa, and possibly a revolution, but we don't believe that the 6,000,000 natives of the Union of South Africa are as yet ready to join the Third Internationale of Moscow or to be a party to any revolution. They do not understand the Third Internationale and they are not ready for a revolution. HEALTH TOPICS By Dr. B. S. HERBEN Of the New York Tuberculosis Asan. Some people have "eyes for beauty," some for color, others for fabric, and a few have eyes for pottery or pictures, and rich folk have eyes for books. They are deliving all the time into the pages of volumes of tales. They mine precious metal—these readers of good books. Eyes for everything except for sale. What do they do who have no eyes? It is true that the blind have resources for happiness and service. There have been many musicians, composers and students who lacked sight. Do you know that exquisite "Spring Song" by Hollyme? From the soul of that blind musician, who could not see the changing of the seasons was poured this molody, thrilling with the stirring of life. There is a book here in my library—a thick, large book—on the formidable subject of "Heart Disease." It was written by the great authority of the Middle West. I have been told that, he was blind before he took up the study of medicine and white in college he was assisted by a proud man who sent to him and otherwise smothered the long way, which to the healthiest and most doubtful of unimaginable students in difficult. These gifted spirits which ornate with grave obstructions are rare and though we could be positive that we should be able to create beauty for the world did we lose our sight. doubt that we would choose to part with it. Yet many of us are excessively careless of the eyes which we have. I have even heard it said. "I will not wear glasses! They look so ugly and are such a nuisance! The doctor, said I should wear them, but I just won't. Those who make such foolish statements may not have eyes for sale but they seem to have eyes to throw away. At the first sign of eye strain have the eyes examined, and then wear glasses, if they are advised, as a part of the treatment. It may be that it shall not be necessary to wear them for life. Often glasses correct the defect and after this is done can be discarded. It is far better to "look like a scarecrow" for a short year or so than to be unable to see the other scarecrows. CHICAGO. July 21.—A murder a day in June and 177 since the first of the year in Chicago's record, according to the report of the Chicago Crime Commission. April, with thirty-three, had the largest number of homicides. "The trend in murder is upward," the report stated. "No country, with the exception of Italy, comes near to the United States in the mysterious tendency of its people. This country has twisted so many murders as Italy, and Chicago has nearly threw these as many per capita. "Molly thursday escaped arrest. Only about half of them inflicted are found guilty and only a small proportion of those found guilty order the proper punishment. Out of all jobs entrusted to be hanged last year, only one was arrested." I find that people are more hard-hearted and cruel now than they were fifty years ago. They are also more selfish and greedy. They have more respect for their own feelings and rights than for those of others. This may be as true of groups and races and nations as of individuals. There is more refinement in the cruelty, the greed, than formerly; but the refinement of brutality, perhaps, hurts more than the brutality of refinement. When the two are combined, as is often the case, we have what we commonly find as we go along; that is, in the average; the self-centered person who takes up all of the seat in a car and gets angry if you ask him to move up so that you may not have to hang onto a strap; or the person in a dining car or room who insists that you shall not cat in it, although at a separate table, however hungry you may be, because you may have "a skin not colored as his own." If you get what is coming to you you have to fight for it. I have found that if you want something to eat or drink and have to quarrel and fight to get it you have not much appetite for it when you have worseted the hog and can have it. In leaving the office the other afternoon I found a crowd gathered at the subway, corner and edged in to see what was doing. There was a black man, crazy drunk, lying flat on the ground by the entrance and a big policeman was trying to make him stand up. He could not. He was too far gone. The policeman used a lot of third degree on him, but he did not seem to mind it. Among other things, the policeman pounded the man on the soles of his feet with his billy, and kept up the exercise, which seemed to put some life and movement in the drunk. I did not like the rough treatment the man was getting. liceman, "you should not punish that man that way. You should call the patrol wagon and lock him up." The policeman stared at me without saying anything, but he looked as if he wanted to arrest me for interfering with an officer in the discharge of his duty, if he could call it that, but he did not arrest me. He must not have liked my looks and the determination in the looks, which signaled that I was prepared to go the limit of my protest. He was joined by a big black cop, who stared at me also, but said nothing. One of the Negroes in the crowd said to me: "The cop ain't hurting him. He's one of the best cops on the force." "Is that so," says I. "If he were blistering the soles of your feet with his billy would you think that way? Your turn may come next, if we stand for abuse of such as this drunken thing." "G'long," said the Negro gent, and all of the others appeared to think that way about it. The two cops got the drunk on his feet, and instead of taking him to the station house, guided his faltering steps across the street and turned him loose. The last I saw of him he was staggering down the street. Now, why did not the policemen arrest—the drunk? Simply because to do so would advertise the fact to their superiors that bootleg liquor was sold on their beat, and that they did not interfere with the sale of it. Why? That is none of my business, but beating up a poor, black drunk instead of taking him to the station house was my business, and the business of every good citizen, any one of whom would be liable to the like brutal treatment if he did not protest against it in the case of the poor outcast, who has just as many rights to decent treatment as the best citizen. The night was close and hot and sultry. The street was swarming with children and grown-ups. Our party of three had a hard time, making their way to the place where they live and switer and do other stunts when it is too oppressive to breathe freely. We came to a bunch of youngsters who blocked the way, and knew it, and intended to block it. I took the young leader of the youngsters by the shoulder and gently edged him out of the way. Did he get angry? Not that wise gamin. He simply struck a dramatic attitude and with a grimace exclaimed: "Have a heart, mister. Have a heart." THE Universal Negro Improvement Association advocates the uniting and blending of all Negroes into one strong healthy race. It is against miscegenation and race suicide. It believes that the Negro race is as good as any other, and therefore should be as proud of itself as others are. It believes in the purity of the Negro race and the purity of the white race. It is against rich blacks marrying poor whites. It believes in the social and political physical separation of all people to the extent that they promote their own ideals and civilization, with the privilege of trading and doing business with each other. It believes in the promotion of a strong and powerful Negro nation. EDITORIAL OPINION OF THE NEGRO PRESS There is probably no condition in the State of Virginia so sadly in need of reasonable and wise legislative reform, and which has been so perpetually ignored by reformers, welfare bureaus and health agencies, as that appertaining to child labor and the work of mothers on truck farms. Every legislative enactment of the State bearing on child and woman labor has directed its attention to this class of workers in industry, but not one has dared question the status of women and children in the state. The idea seems to so secrect to the life of the nation that the sacrifice of mothers and babies in its conduct is permissible—Norfolk Journal and Guide. Campaigns are opening and politicians are getting out their old promises made in the last election, shining them up and offering them to the voters as new. If asked why they haven't performed their avowed and pledged duty while in office they produce a convenient alibi, then plead that they be elected to do what they were elected the first time to accomplish. Especially are Negro voters fed up on this kind of piffle. But we are pleased to say Negro voters are showing signs of waking up. They are not held spellbound by the old line of what Abraham Lincoln did sixty years ago, but are demanding, that something new be done for them in this the year of our Lord nineteen twenty-four. The politicians are becoming alarmed and are making even more extravagant promises. But Negro voters are not carried away with this any more. They are asking the office-seeker to steady himself, take his time and promise something, first, that he knows he can do, and, second, something that if he does not do he can be held to strict accountability, "Promises," as such, are going out of style. "Your record" is the latest hit.-Floyd J. Calvin in the Pittsburgh Courier. Don't lose sight of the fact that it is your duty to build up your own enterprises; that "good timing" is not the salvation of our group. Put in some time in helping in things that will give us some standing in the commercial world—Oklahoma Eagle. The peculiar conditions brought about by migration from the South has created a new vision. The cry has gone out that we must safeguard our brother's interest if we must conserve our own. We are being driven to the first of our jungle instincts, and that is "protection of self." Arguments that the Negro will not accept leadership have long been thrown into the discard. He today is crying for the leadership that will lead him out of the maze of mischievous propaganda and political intrigue into the pure sunlight, where segregation, lynching and Jim Crowism will only be hateful memories—Omaha New Era. The fading color line is a sign to us to leave off the attitude of the suppliant and to take our place in the ranks of the pushing, striving citizenship who stretch forth their hands and take, literally take, the rights which are theirs. We cannot do that, using Civil War logic. The "bloody shirt" style of pe- world appears to be suffering unto death from right now—too much of the heart of The Rat of Torah, the father Abram of Ur of the Charles. The hearts of Man have the upper hand in the affairs of the world, and we shall have to suffer it to be so until the bearer has finished his job. When will that be? Yes. It is to guess. literal argument is an insult to citizens It is not a 1924 political argument to say, "Because I am your friend follow me." The fading color the inmates continue to disappear, and he is our emy who refuses to treat with us as he would with any other equal number of citizens.—Kansas City Call. I do not laugh at Sun Worshipers I am one of them. The sun purifies and recreates life. I recently heard the story of a blind man who went to sleep with the sun shining in his eyes—and when he awoke, behold the sky! The sun has a health giving influence over the body. It penetrates into the sleepy, tired nerves, wakes them up renews them and gives hopes and courage to the entire body. Baltimore Afro-American. Whatever and whenever they are put to the test, on sea or land, colored men will do their bit when danger looms in the offing—Boston Chronicle. Don't listen to the man who would tell you his troubles. Tell him you are busy. The pestelmatt avoids the busy man. Human derelicts naturally drift together on the sea of life. The old saying, "Laugh and the world laughs with you," is as true today as it ever was. The world has too many troubles of its own to listen. People don't like to hear a winner—Rocky Mount Volcano. That the Negro is capable of operating business enterprises of his own fully demonstrated by the number of successful colored business men of this city. In proportion to its Negro population it is doubtful if there is any city in this section, or in the country, for that matter, that surpasses it in this respect—Charleston (S. C.) Messenger. No man's character is really injured until he injures it by his own conduct.—Nashville Clarion. Some Negro papers are too sensational. It is all right to select such news as will appeal to readers, but readers must be lifted to a lofty plan so that they can get joy and inspiration from real progress, whether it be progress of white people or of black people. There is no good to come of coloring everything that comes from the other side, and there is no good to come of magnifying all the bad. It would be better if still reuses would leave some things out of their papers. To select the right kind of news is no easy task.—Tampa Bulletin. Most Concrete Organization The Negro People Have It cannot be disputed that the Universal Negro Improvement Association is the most concrete organization ever instituted among members of the race. If they could only see the adaptability of a Negro colony somewhere in the United States or Canada, what a monument they would build. The Negro problem would be far toward being solved. This is the only organization that could accomplish this result. The only criticism we have is that they believe in Africa. We believe in America. "Garvoyism an Established Fact," Says Hem. Sherrill—The Negro In-Tired of Being Lynched and Burned and Brutalized—U. N. I. A., Like All Movements That Came to Stay, Rises on the Shoulders of the Common People. LIBERTY HALL, Sunday Night, August 3.—Over 6,000 people crowded Liberty Hall tonight. Everybody was agreed that it was the largest gathering assembled in the building for many a day. In spite of the warm weather which made it somewhat uncomfortable indoors, the crowd from a very early hour began to monopolize the seats, so that at 8:30, when the meeting commenced, every seat was taken, the aisles were filled with standees and an overflow congregation stood at the doors and on the entire length of the sidewalk in front of the buildings. Outside there were more than 5,000 people. A large contingent of representatives of the white press was in evidence and aside from performing their official duties of taking notes of the proceedings, was as attentive and enthusiastic as the other members of the audience. At about 8.30 p.m., the meeting began, and the procession wended its way from the western end of the hall towards the platform. It consisted of the choir, the executive officers and the various auxiliary units such as the Legion, the Royal Engineers, Black Cross nurses, Motor Corps and Juveniles. The military exercises, which form a very attractive and entertaining part of the program, were then executed. The Hon. Marcus Garvey, President-General and Provisional President of Africa, opened the proceedings with the announcement of the opening hymn, in the singing of which the congregation heartily joined. Then the usual pravers were recited. The Universal choir next opened the musical part of the program by the rendition of an anthem entitled, "Gloria in Excelcis." This was followed by a quartet by the Harmony Four, who have already gained well deserved popularity by their effective rendition of good musical items. Mrs. H. Massy, a delegate from Detroit, sang sweetly to the tune of the "Last Rose of Summer," an original contribution entitled "The Voice of Marcus Garvey Calling." She was very heartily applauded. Madame Frazier Robinson was the next contributor and she acquitted herself in her own inimitable style much to the appreciation of the large audience. The President-General then announced the conclusion of that part of the program, and called upon the Hon. Secretary-General to address the gathering. The speeches are as follows: Hen, G. E. Carter Speaks Hon. G. Emmoncile Carter, secretary-general, said: Your Excellency, the Provisional President of Africa, members of the high executive, officers and members of the New York Local, Ladies and Gentlemen. May I talk to you briefly about putting the joy into life? Life, as I have said herebefore, is to be expressed at its best, and in this expression, surely we need to consider what is necessary to put the joy into life, that should be there. From time immemorial, even to the present day, we have found individuals doing their best to put joy into life. How well they have succeeded is to be studied, and from this study you are to drawn your conclusions. May I bring to your attention how some have advanced in this direction. Take our group, in particular. Many preachers have taught, to put joy into life; and this is the vision they have followed. We have been taught that we can find a great deal of consolation, of satisfaction and of joy in this life if we would put ourselves in an attitude of communing with God. But the God that has been presented to us, has been represented as being in some far off country, sitting on a lofty throne, and looking upon us; that we should utter long prayers and many prayers, after which this God would in some way condescend to smile upon us and we would be happy in the end. Genuine BAYER ASPIRIN This method, used effectively by so many preachers, has given us a race of people who actually believe that there is very little joy to be had in this life and that most of our joy would come on the other side of the grape. They succeeded in making many of our men and women long to be transplanted into the other world rather than to remain in this life. That was a false kind of joy, a fleeting joy. But not only did men in the ranks of the ministry seek "to put joy into life, but there came racial leaders who said that we can put joy into life if we would petition the stronger group and plead and beg them, and if we would educate ourselves and do certain things. How well they succeeded it is for you to determine. But, in spite of their endeavours, in spite of the things that may have been done in that direction, the real joy came to this group only when God saw it to put into the heart of Hon. Marcus Garvey, the pent up longings and groanings of suffering black men and women and said to him "Go to younger contrary, America, and in the City of Cities, New York, there proclaim, out of the fulness of your soul that there is a joy to be had in this life and My people, the people you represent, can get the joy they want by following the principles of the Universal Negro Improvement Association" (Applause). New and Greater Freedom The joy that came to us is the joy that has brought to our minds a new and a greater freedom. Let me illustrate. I lived some years ago; near the confluence of the Mississippi and the Ohio Rivers. I went one day and I saw a great muddy stream rushing madly and dashing against a beautiful clear blue stream. And for one mile, the struggle went on the Mississippi, fighting against the Ohio, and the Ohio fighting against the Mississippi. At the end of the mile, the Ohio lost the fight; and the Mississippi became the one mighty force, having absorbed the Ohio. I thought of how the struggle between races of men goes on; how the struggle of individuals must go on; I thought of how the power of the Mississippi came, not from the rumbling of its mad waves, but rather it was the Waters, from the winter snow, from the springs, the brooklets and the rivulets, the great arms that all came together and blended and made one mighty river, and I thought how the strength came to the Mississippi simply because of the power behind it; I would say to you that the N. N. J. A. is like the Mississippi, dashing against the many and mighty forces or nature. I see the Universal running side by side with the N. A. A. C. P.; I see the energy behind the Universal; I understand the power and force behind the movement; I see the principles that must in the end come to the point where men will stand up and respect it; where the light will be guided by the greater force. The great force of the Universal runs upon this one great fact that it is the point up energy and gravitation of black men and women repression of where they may be that there should come to the sons and daughters of black men and women the freedom that the world can The joy, in the final analysis, would come to us when we realize the real beauty of the principle of the U. N. I. A.; when every man who has imbibed the principles of the association comes to that place where he is able critically to examine himself and disclose his real power and understand and know that, there is no power greater than the power that is within and that all development is from within outward; that every man is little god who has the power to do the things that God is doing. Negroes of the association realize the fact that, as sons of God, we have an inheritance of which we are rightly proud; and, above all things, we realize that the one great inheritance which is ours must be realised in a very short time; and that is, that the great continent of Africa is bur for the asking; is ours for the conquest; is ours, by right, and that we are determined to get it by God, by all the forces of earth and mankind, and that we are determined individually and collectively, to have all the things that belong to us and after that, we will be able to say to the world that black man at home and abroad can put joy into life, for they realise the teachings of the Great Teacher Jesus Christ, when He came and established His principles and said "To shall know the truth and he that knows the truth shall be free indeed." It is the freedom of knowing ourselves; of knowing the principles of the U. N. I. A.; of knowing the things that we intend to do that will enable us to have a free and redeemed Africa, and so satisfy our people in this life. I thank you. (Applause.) HON. WALLACE'S SPEECH Hon. W. Wallace, commissioner of the States of Illinois, Missouri and Indiana, said: Honorable President-General, Members of the High Executive, Officers and Friends: I shall speak to you for a few minutes on the subject "What I Am a Member of the U. N. I. A." I believe that at the present time, with the conditions and circumstances that exist, as well as the differences of opinion that obtain in regard to this movement, it is well for us to thoroughly understand why we are associated with this great movement that is now going on to the accomplishment of its program. In 1920 I connected myself with this great movement, and because of the criticism at that time, and because of the many obstacles and the antagonism that was thrown in my wayway in the city of Chicago, I concluded that the best thing to do, was to come to this city of New York and find out what there was in this movement. I had endeavored previously, through different avenues, to assist in organizations which had for their object the bringing about of better conditions for this great race of ours. I had engaged in political and uplift movements, in church work, and in various other avenues, trying to come to some conclusion or to evolve some medium through which there would be escape from the conditions that pertain to the people of my race. Answered the Cell Hearing the message of the Hon. Marcus Garvey in the Negro World I answered the call and connected with the Chicago division of the association, and in order to get a clear vision and understanding of what this movement meant, I came to New York and attended the first convention in 1820. After attending that convention I became inoculated with what I conceived to be the doctrine of the association, and I returned to Chicago and under my supervision brought that division to a membership of 5,000 and put into operation every auxiliary which is in operation in New York, for I thought that through the avenue of the U. N. I. A. there was the greatest prospect of freedom and liberty, independence and security for the race that had ever been presented by any man or set of men since we have been a scattered people. I have looked to every quarter and have seen the conditions under which we have been laboring—mistreated in America; deprived of our rightful returns in the West Indies; driven and confounded on the shores of Africa; misused and abused on every hand—and I said to myself, surely this movement gives us a universal remedy which will benefit the 400,000,000 Negroes of the world today. Non-Denominational Non-Danominational For I have conceived it to be an industrial, economical and political movement; not interfering with any of our denominations, our religious persuasions, nor our associations, whether they be Masons, Odd Fellows or anything else. And so we can all be within the ranks of the Universal members of one great family scattered throughout the world. Our purpose and aim and object is to break down the barriers between the West Indian, the American, the African and other Negroes; break down the barriers between the Southern and the Northern Negro, making them remember this one fact, that from the shores of Africa come our fathers and mothers, whether we are now in the West Indies, in America or in any other part of the world. Therefore, if we want to come into our own again, we must glitter the scattered portions of our people throughout the world together, and carry them back to that home that belongs to us by the right of God, and declare that on those shores we are at last at home, and there create a national home and a national power that shall give strength to the Negro, it mature set where he be, making the Margo realise that the things that give respect and strength to other people must be put in operation, in order that respect and consideration be given to the Negroes of the world. Out of that program, therefore, I see ships and ships and ships. Ships manned by black men, with black smoke leaving from their black funnels, sailing on seven ships; going to the black countries, developing the produce of the black people throughout the world; establishing institutions there and in America; establishing warehouses, in Liberia, in the West Indies, and everywhere, and sending our ships to bring the produce stored therein to the markets of the world, and thus giving employment to our boys and girls and enabling them to use the education they have gained in their schools and colleges. Lack of Opportunity We see our boys and girls day after day going into the high schools, colleges and universities, getting their heads full of knowledge and education, coming out with nohere to use it because the fathers that have gone before have not had vision enough, have not had manhood enough, nor courage enough, to go out and prepare and lay a foundation for them commercially, industrially and politically. So, through the U. N. I. A. I have got the vision and seen the avenues opened whereby these things can be remedied, and, therefore, I am here to stand by the U. N. I. A. and assist in putting over its practical program—that means, not interference with any religious convictions, but the enabling of every man and woman to live or die, survive or perish, in the spirit of the famous Patrick Henry, "Give to me liberty, or give me death." (Applause.) HON. RUDOLPH SMITH'S ADDRESS Mr. Smith said: I am exceedingly glad to be here tonight and to welcome the delegates here assembled. It is indeed encouraging to see so many of you here to take part in the deliberations of this convention. Friends, I do not know whether you realize it or not, but you made a very great impression on the other race group on the first day of August. You wrote history for this Negro race. I have just returned from Cuba, and permit me to say that. In Cuba the people are going strong for this great organization. The governor of Camagüey spoke very nicely of this great cause and said he is willing to offer assistance on any occasion. He permitted the divisions in the province of Camagüey to have open-air meetings three times per week. And let me say that you are mistaken if you think it is, only, the British West Indians and the French. West Indians in Cuba who are supporting this movement. The Cubans themselves are very strong for this great organization. The speaker recounted his travels in Cuba, remarking on the enthusiastic receptions he received everywhere invent. In conclusion he aide expressed his pleasure at seeing representatives from every part of the world assembled from convention, and counsel them to approach their task in a serious and earnest spirit, basing factual strife. He stressed the importance of Negroes building up industries of their own and making themselves really and truly independent. SIR WM. SHERRILL'S ADDRESS Sir William Sherrill, Second Assistant President-General, spoke as follows: We are here in New York City from all parts of the world not on an excursion, not on a vacation, but we are here on business for a race. We are here to discuss problems which face the Negro. We are here to shape the destiny of future Negroes. We are here on business for a race, here to make plans and make a program for the progress of the Negro. The Negro is now interested in New York City for these thirty-one days, is our concern for these thirty-one days. The Neare—Who He Is The Negro—Who He Is Do you know the Negro? You have seen him, but do you know him? Do you know this fellow we are trying to help here now? The Negro, who is he? The holder of other men's horses; the waiter at other men's tables; the Negro, something weak, ignorant and unorganized; the Negro, who will work for anybody else, but will not work for himself. The Negro, do you know him? He is something that will allow the Jew to move into his neighborhood and enrich him; he will allow the Italian, to do the same, but if one of his own moves in he will starve him to death. The Negro, something that will tunnel other men's mountains, something that will bridg other men's streams, something that will fight other men's battles, but won't do any of these things for himself. The Negro, something that has trodden down the centuries, hearing the burdens of dominant races upon his shoulders; that knows what it is to be the burden-hearers of other races. We are here in New York City to help the Negro. Garveyism an Established Religion The Universal Negro Improvement Association stands today as a great, mighty and stalwart instrument for the spreading of Garveyism. Garveyism today is in established fact. Garveyism is as established today as Confluentism or Buddhism or any other ism. Garveyism has come to the race as a soothing racial limiment to heal its wounds and encourage the race's struggle on towards these racial ideals it has harbored so long but has not had the opportunity to give expression to. Many people misunderstand Garveyism. Many of you have tonight not exactly know what is meant by Garveyism. Some think Garveyism is a mode of dream. You think it means the wearing of robes and the parading. Some of you think Garveyism means the wholesale emigration of Negroes to She is a Success! in her chosen profession—the stage. Nightly, she thrills vast audiences with her beauty and graceful dancing as she appears on the scene in the Beulah Benbow Musical Company. And, like all successful people we see in our group, nowadays, Miss Hartley has an abundance of lovely, straight, glossy hair. When asked about her beautiful hair, Miss Virginia Hartley laughs and said: "Really, that's a professional secret! But, to be honest, my hair was short, wiry and ugly until I started using PLUKO HAIR DRESSING. It is really due to the regular use of this wonderful preparation that I have such beautiful hair now." Are YOU proud or ashamed of YOUR HAIR? There is no longer need for you to have a scanty growth of short, harsh, wiry hair, which you must be ashamed of, when thousands of our leading and successful men and women, like Miss Hartley, are making their hair long, straight, glossy and beautiful using PLUKO Hair Dressing. You can get PLUKO HAIR DRESSING from your dreadlock or mustache in town or city. Pluko Hair Dressing, all performed and ready to use, costs less than you would have to pay for materials to make the same amount of the most ordinary hair dressing. Pluko Hair Dressing Black and white caps for children and girls MORE THAN A MILLION PACKAGES ARE SOLD A YEAR. Africa. What is Garveyism? What is this thing that has brought Negroes from all parts of the world here tonight? What is this thing that has crowded this hall here tonight with thousands of Negroes who stand in the burning heat until this meeting, is closed? Garveyism is not a mode of dress, it is not, a method or a form. Garveyism is an urge to nationhood; Garveyism is a spiritual urge to self-expression, the urge towards building for yourselves. D. N. I. A. Is indestructible. The Universal Negro Improvement Association has suffered much from misrepresentation of what this great organization stands for. Many have thought that the Universal was simply a fautastic, nonseudical scheme to aggrandize some Negroes, to put forward some selfish plans of individuals. But the life of the Universal Negro Improvement Association for six years has put that down, as a mistake, as false representation. The Universal Negro Improvement Association could not have lived as long as it has had there not been about it something lasting, something fundamental. It is an organization that emanates from the home. It is an organization that emanates from the hearts and souls of men, and such organizations are not easily destroyed. Made Up of the Common People If the Universal Negro Improvement Association were made up of the chief priests and scribes, I would be doubtful of it. The great movements of the world have started where Marcus Garvey started the Universal Negro Improvement Association. Movements start at the bottom and work upward, not at the top and grow downward. When Jesus come He called no one but the fishermen. He called no one but the common people. The chief priests, scribes and pharisees said He was an importer, an idealist, a dreamer. They delivered Him to the mob and bad Him crucified. It was the common people that crowded around to touch His garment; it was the common people that spread their robes and palm branches before Him as He came into Jerusalem. But the chief priests and scribes, the intellectuals, crucified Him. Likewise tonight the founder of this movement finds, the common people crowding this ball tonight finds the common people aboutting. (Garvey, Garvey.) Unlike Other Negro Organizations leadership was a curve to the race and it had reached the point where there was no compromise, and the time had come to furnish cohesion and youthful leadership. When he came to New York he did not gather up the girdrinking politicians. He simply graved up on the soap-box on the streets of Harlem and interested the men and women around him. Like a Mighty Forest Fire And you see what has happened after six years. You see a mighty organisation whose power and strength is felt the world over; you see an organisation now that the world cannot gain say, you see today, a united Negro opinion everywhere regarding the Negro's future and the Negro's progress. And today the Universal Negro Improvement Association is moving across the world like a mighty forest fire. The Negro today is tired; the Negro today has reached a point where he is tired. He is sick and tired of the burdens he has been forced to bear; he is sick and tired of the baggage he is forced to carry. Frenchmen have exploited him in the French colonial possessions. England has brutalized and dammed him. America has lynched and burned him and segregated him. The Negro has trod down the centuries in the searching amo so long until his hair has been scorched to a kink. He has borne burdens until his feet are beaten flat. The black man is tired. He has been so suffering, so patient that the world thinks that Negro a coward. Just the other day a Japanese said, "If I had to undergay, what the Negro had to undergo in America and in the West if I would not stand it; I would close up against my oppressors. The white man feels if he had to undergo what the Negro has undergone he would have acted like the North American Indian—he would fight if he died. Did the Negro has patiently borne his burdens? The Negro as a Fighter But the Negro's no coward. Never a scrap started but the Negro was called in to finish it. If they would only follow and review the record of the black man they would know that he is no coward. The Negro is the greatest fighting man the world has ever seen. But the world has forgotten his history. They have forgotten when they were marrying and searing their bodies with stained wool, when camelliaballs reigned in Europe, when they were worshiping gods of stone, black men were ruling and exploiting the world. The black man afraid to fight. The world does not know how to fight. The black man has sheathed his sword and they have forgotten his history. The black man has come forward every time as the stalwart to defend an alien race. Remember Crispus Attucks. Remember San Juan Hill. The black man was with Stonewall Jackson at New Orleans. And only a few days ago black men crossed the briny deep, book their places in the trenches in No Man's Land and fought and bled and died to make the world safe for democracy. The world does not know how the Negro can fight. When the black man was dying at San Juan Hill he was dying for a country that segregated lachaded and didn't give him a square deal. When the black man was dying on the Scales of Flanders and France he was trying to end up a scrap somebody also had started. But wait until you see the black man fighting for that he knows to be right. Wait till, you see the black man dying for a country which loves him and permits him to rise from the lowest depths to the highest planche of fury, for a country that lets him ride in any part in a Pullman coach and which will let him occupy the Presidency as well as a seat on a dray. Wait until you see the black man under the Red, Black and the Green (applause). dying to end up a fuss that he started himself. Then the world will see how black men can lay down their lives. But if the work is sensible and sane blackmen will not owe to pay such a price for their liberty. If the world is sane, if the world is sensible, they will not exact from black men such a price. Only when the world has lost its senses will it compel the black man to wade through his blood to liberty. Help the U. N. I. A. Help the Universal Negro Improvement Association to develop Liberia commercially and industrially. Help the Universal Negro Improvement Association to put on the bosom of the deep steamships carrying commerce to all parts of the world, and then the world, realizing your tremendous strength, will open up to black men who have shown a willingness to pay any price for the land of their fathers' Africa. Africa is our home. Africa is ours. It does not belong to anybody else it is all ours, from the Mediterranean's silvery foam to Cape Colony's crystal waves. It is ours by the pathways trod. by the ages' stealth demand, by the gift of God. It being ours, we have sword to brave the block and dare the deathrope if anybody or anything stands in our way, for Africa must be redeemed. (Loud applause.) EQUITY CONGRESS'STILL HARD AT WORK Equity Congress of Greater N. T. Inc., Charles H. Bailey, speaker, met on annual Sunday, August 3, 1924, at 5 p.m. at the New Elk Hall, 162 West 120th Street, and continued their serious work of naming a man for the organization of the 21st Congressional District. The beautiful hall was crowded with members, prominent speakers and representatives from other organizations. Addresses were made by the speaker, Charles H. Bailey, Hon. T. Thomas Fortune, Counselor Abraham Obstenbait. Col. Charles W. Allmore, Hon. James L. P. Cormier, the prospective candidate, and Mime Irena Moorean Blackstone. The meetings are free, and it is earnestly hoped that as large, and even larger crowds, will be out next Sunday, August 10, 1924, at the same place and time, to participate in this royal opus of sending a colored man to Congress from the 21st Congressional District. EAVORABLE SENTIMENT TOWARD PLAN FOR NATION-HOOD IN AFRICA AND FREEDOM FOR BLACK PEOPLES—GARVEY, IN REMARKABLE SPEECH, OUTLINES VIVIDLY PURPOSE OF CONVENTION—THE COMBINED SENTIMENT OF NEGROES THE WORLD OVER GOES OUT TO GOVERNMENTS OF WORLD, ESPECIALLY THOSE INTERESTED IN AFRICA—THE NEGRO DESIRES TO CONSTITUTE HIMSELF A PART OF POLITICAL ARRANGEMENTS OF THE WORLD GRUDGE ENTERTAINED TOWARDS THE WHITE RACE, BUT AFRICA MUST BE FOR AFRICANS—U, N. I. A. ADVANCING A NEW THEORY AND NEW THOUGHT—THE COLOR-LINE OF DEMARCATION WILL BE ABOLISHED WHEN NEGROES DEVELOP THEMSELVES IN INDUSTRY, COMMERCE, POLITICS, ART AND LITERATURE The Race Is Urged to Improve Its Condition—Negroes in New Civilization Will Exemplify the Brotherhood of Man and Fatherhood of God—A New Religion, New History and New Education Will Be Given to Negroes Throughout the World—Logical and Forceful Argument Presented to Show Why Negroes Should Worship a God in Their Likeness, Image and Color Sunday, afternoon, August 3.—At 8:30 o'clock this afternoon, from Liberty Hall, the birthplace of the Universal Negro Improvement Association, where the seed of Negro liberty was sown and the germ of African redemption propagated, the Fourth International Convention of Negroes of the World, at its first session, officially announced its presence to the world by forwarding with the unanimous consent of 6,000 people assembled representing the race in all parts of the world, telegrams and cablegrams to the heads of the leading governments conveying the greetings of 400,000,000 Negroes and seeking favorable sentiment toward their plan of nationhood in Africa and freedom for black peoples in whatever part of the globe they may be found. Those to whom the messages were sent were: Hon. Calvin Coolidge, President of the United States; Rammay MacDonald, Premier of Great Britain; Sir Eric Drummond, Secretary of the League of Nations Premier Horlot of France, Baghdil Palad, Egyptian Ambassador to France and leader of the Nationalist Movement in Egypt; Hon. L. Borno, President of Haiti; Empress Zoaditu of Abysinia; Mahatma Gandhi, leader of the non-Co-operationist movement in India; His Holiness the Pope of Rome, head of the Roman Catholic Church; Premier Mussolini of Italy, and Hon. C. B. King, President of Liberia. The meeting, opened with a procession, consisted of the white surprised choir and the executive officials of the organization natually attired in their LOOK:—HERE'S THE LATEST Cod Liver Oil Now In Tasteless Tablets Greatest Flesh Builder No more will weak, thin, unhappy children cry in protest when the nasty, nasty tasting, horrible smelling cod liver oil is brought out. Medical science progresses rapidly, and now you can get at your druggist's real, genuine cod liver oil, in sugar-coated tablets that young and old can take with ease and pleasure. Even the best brown and skinny grown-ups, who ought to take cod liver oil, because it really is the greatest vitamin food and builder of healthy flesh in the world, will feel extremely joyful when they read this welcome news. Of course, doctors have been prescribing cod liver oil in tablets under apothecary or government years, but it is only of late that they work into a drugstore and get a box of these flesh-producing tablets just as easy as a bottle of magnesin. Thin, run-down, anaemic men, women, and children, who need to grow strong and take on flesh are advised to get a box of McCoy's Cod Liver Oil Tablets, and if you don't gain 5 pounds in one month, you won't money back. One woman gained eight pounds five weeks, according to her own doctor — another ten pounds in three weeks. A verse, sickly child, aged nine, twelve pounds in seven months, and now plays with other children and has a good appetite. Just ask for McCoy's Cod Liver Oil Tablets, which good struggle will tell you. They are oddly fresh and health builders. Only sixty cents for 60 tablets. "Get McCoy's the original and genuine Cod Liver Oil Tablet." LEARN LEARN English and Spanish Shorthand (Pitman's System). Typewriting. Piano Instruction, the Spanish language. Pupils' homes. O. LUIS SHERWOOD Dance Pianist Public Starographer Studio: 430 West 123th St. Florida, Managua, 2004 robes of office, after which the congregation joined in singing the hymn "From Greenland's Ice Mountains." A few solos were rendered, among which was a song dedicated to the late Prince Robert L. Poston, composed and sung by Mr. Ellenburg, President of the Gary (Kansas) Division of the U. N. I. A. Hon. Marcus Garvey, who presided as chairman of the meeting, then delivered a thirty minute speech, in which he gave a vivid outline of the purpose for which the convention was assembled, elaborating thereon with remarks germane to the program of the movement that created wild enthusiasm and evoked voiceless applause from the audience. Dr. J. J. Peters, president of the Chicago Division, and Bishop George McDulire delivered brief addresses, after which Mr. Garvey read the telegrams and cablages as drafted for translation to the Aspective powers. Before doing so, however, he emphasized the fact that this fathering of people represented thoroughly and completely the 400,000,000 Negroes of the world. "They were here not by appointment; every delegate who was present and would be during this convention was elected by the 400,000,000 Negroes of the world to represent, their interests, and as their representatives, we are sending these telegrams and cables out to the world expressing the feeling of those scattered millions. The telegram and cables were approved in toto, with acclamation by the gathering and on motion of Hon. William, L. Sherrill, seconded by Hon. G. E. Carter, authorized to be dispatched immediately. They are as follows: Hon. Calvin Coolidge, President United States, Washington, D.C. Will Your Excellency please accept the best wishes of the 400,000,000 Negroes of the world through us, their representatives, assembled in international convention? We mourn with you the loss of your son, but pray that you will be strengthened to carry on the great work of leading the American nation that now confronts you. We thank you and your race for the friendship, you have shown that portion of our people that forms a part of the nation, and hope that we may speedily arrive at some solution by which the two races may continue to live in peace with each other and become the guardians of liberty, human rights and real democracy. Fourth Annual International Convention Negro Peoples of the World. Ramsay MacDonald, Premier of Great Britain, 10 Downing Street, London. The 400,000,000 Negroes of the world send you greetings through our convention. We pray that you and your country will adopt a fair and honest attitude toward Africa and the Negro race. The Negro, like the Indian and Irish, desire unfettered nationhood, and we hope your government will realize that the time for African colonial exploitation has come to an end and a new era of justice to all men ushered in. We ask that you and your countrymen be fair and reasonable to the black race. Fourth Annual International Convention Negro Peoples of the World. MARCUS GARVEX Chairman. Sir Eric Drummond, Secretary-General League of Nations, Geneva, Switzerland. We beg to draw to your attention our petition of two years before the League and the League Council asking for the turning over, so us of the late German colonies, to be developed as independent Negro nations. We ask for immediate action on the matter. Fourth Annual International Convention Negro Peoples of the World, now in session in New York. MARCUS GARVEY, Chairman. Premier Herriot, Paris France. The 400,000,000 Negroes of the world, through our convention, appeal to you and your people for justice. Will France not consider that the time has come to let Africa govern herself? We ask for the freedom of the blacks under your control, and that you be generous enough to help their welfare and self-government and not exploitation. Fourth Annual International Convention Negro Peoples of the World. MARCUS GARVEY, Chipman Sarah Pasha Care of Kryptum Am barrard, Paris, France. Greetings from Fourth Annual International Convention of Negro Peoples of the World, now sitting in New York. We glory in your victory and success. MARCUS GARVEY, Chairman. Hon. L. Borno, President of Haiti, Port-au-Prince, Haiti. We are in deep sympathy with the indignation of the people of Haiti in the matter of the rape of the country through a forcible occupation by an alien race. We shall work along with the patriots of Haiti to free her from the yoke of exploitation. Long live free and independent Haiti, the pride of the black race of the Western world. Our convention sends greetings to you and the people of Haiti. Fourth Annual International Convention of the Negro Peoples of the World. MARCUS GARVEY, Chairman. Premier Mussolini, Rome, Italy. Please convey to His Majesty the King and people of Italy our good-will and impress upon them that the 400,000,000 Negroes of the world through us are looking for a change of policy in your African colonial plans. We feel that the time has come for Italy to allow Africa to govern herself and be left alone and not be exploited by foreign races and nations. We treat that you will set a good example by getting your black colonies free. Fourth Annual International Convention Fourth Annual International Convention Negro Peoples of the World. His Holiness, the Pope, the Vatican Rome, Italy. Will Your Holiness please accept the greetings and best wishes of the Negro peoples of the world as expressed through their delegates and representatives attending the Fourth Annual International Convention of the race now assembled in New York. We pray that your vision of the future be so clear as to enable you to use your influence on a wounded world to treat decently and fairly, politically, socially, industrially and religiously the 40,000,000 members of our race scattered throughout Africa, Europe, Asia and the Americas. Fourth Annual International Convention of Negro Peoples of the World MARCUS GARVEY, Chairman. Mahatma Gandhi, Ahmedabad, India The Negroes of the world through us send you greetings. Fight on for the freedom of your people and country. We are with you. Fourth Annual International Convention Negro Peoples of the World. MARCUS GARVEY, Chairman. Empress Zoaditu, Addis Abebu Abysinia. Greetings from the 400,000,000 Negroes of the world through our convention now sitting in New York. We hope for you and your country a reign of progress and happiness. Our desire is to help you maintain the glory of Ethiopia. Your expression of goodwill toward us two years ago through your consul-general is highly cherished and we are looking forward to the day when large, numbers of us will become citizens of Ethiopia. Fourth Annual International Convention of Negro Peoples of the World. MARCUS GARVEY, Chairman. Hon. C. B. King. President of Liberia, Montserrat, Liberia. The thousands of delegates attending the opening of the Fourth Annual International Convention of Negro Peoplea of the World representing all sections of the Negro race, greet you as the head of the only independent black republic in Africa and trust that you will be so guided during your administration as to reflect the highest credit upon our people. We, the convention, view with alarm and surprise the statement that is circulated by internal and other enemies of our race and attributed to your Secretary of State as teaching discriminatory emigration to Liberia. We could not believe that, you, the head of a Negro State, could be responsible for doing anything that would tend to compel the spirit of love that the people of the Universal Negro Improvement Association have for you and your country and the effort that they are making to assist in making your nation the pride of the race and a credit to both our people. you live to do the right by our race. God gave you and your beloved country in the master of our convention. Universal Negro Improvement Association. Following are the speeches delivered at the meeting: HON. MARCUS GARVEY'S SPEECH Hon. Marcus Garvey spoke as follows: Follow Delegates and Deputies of the Fourth Annual International Convention of Negroes of the World: We are gathered here this afternoon for important business of state. We are here this afternoon to give expression of our feelings as touching the international outlook—the political outlook—as touching the interests of 400,000,000 Negroes whom we represent at this convention in session. We are here from all parts of the world; we are here from mother Africa, from South and Central America, from the West Indies, from Asia, from Europe and from the 48 States of the American Union. we are here not because it is a holiday—because it is a picnic; we are here not because of any desire to express or to give vent to our emotions, but we are here because we are charged with the duty and the responsibility of a race. We are here because 400,000,000 Negroes are determined to find a place for themselves in the world of men. (Applause.) We are here because of the grand and glorious idealism of Negro nationalism; we are here because we desire to constitute ourselves a part of the political arrangements of the world. We are here because we are determined to enter upon a task, a duty and responsibilities of empire building. We are here for what? We are here for the emancipation of 400,000,000 black souls; we are here for the purpose of redeeming 12,000,000 square miles of our motherland Africa. (Great applause.) And as touching that last and most important object—the redemption of Africa—we this afternoon are going to send our sentiment to the nations and races and governments of the world, especially those that are now interested in Africa. Africa the Covedted Prize of the World Africa, as you know, has become the coveted prize of the world, especially the Old World, the old bankrupt world of Europe, the old bankrupt world of Great Britain, bankrupt France, bankrupt Germany, bankrupt Italy and bankrupt Spain—they have all tried to rehabilitate themselves at the expense of 400,000,000 black men and their rights on the continent of Aprica, and we are here this afternoon to let them know that we are coming and we are rising. (Vociferous aplause.) We are coming and rising not only as 200,000 in New York; we are coming and rising not only as 15,000,000 Negroes in the United States of America, not only as 20,000,000 in the West Indian Islands or 15,000,000 in South and Central America, but we are coming as 400,000,000 Negroes the world over. (Uproarious aplause.) No Apology or Compromise We are coming without any apology and we are coming without any compromise; we are coming with a spiritual determination, Jesus Christ as our leader. We are coming with a political determination, the Universal Negro Improvement Association as our leader. We are coming with an industrial determination gathering together the sons and daughters of our race everywhere; and we are here for the month of August to let our sentiments be expressed, to give out to the world our desires and our wants. We are here as a part of a wounded world—a world still passing through labor; a world in which we must play our part. We have played important parts already in the history of this old world; we made it practically and gave it to others. When others were living in caves, running wild and barbarous we gave them a civilization that they have snatched away from us, and desire to deprive us of, but we are going to build a second and secater one. Negroes Will Build Another Civilization We are going to build a civilization on the banks of the Nile that shall never pass away until the Angel Gabriel blows his horn on the final day of judgment. We mean as Englishmen mean to strengthen the British Empire, we mean as Frenchmen mean to strengthen the French Empire; we mean as white Americans mean to strengthen the American Commonwealth; we mean to strengthen the African Empire and strengthen the banner of the Red, the Black, and the Green all over the world. (Applause.) We are men, we are no longer dogs and no longer monkeys. Darwin and Huxley and the rest of then, speculated about the character and the make up of the black man. For ages they said he was a monkey; then afterward they said he evolved to the point that his tail dropped off. Whether we were Hercules Hair Grower A wonderful company and greatly all in the world. We offer strong hair in large enough areas of the world and a LUXURIOUS experience of hair grown to each for oral treatment and ad- vancement services. The Taylor Hair Crew Co. Important Notice TO ALL MEMBERS, DIVISIONS, CHAPTERS AND BRANCHES OF THE UNIVERSAL NEGRO IMPROVEMENT ASSO- CIATION IN AMERICA The time has come to return to headquarters all signatures on petitions to be forwarded to the President of the United States and Congress asking for the creation of a Negro nation in Africa for the Negro. The petitions are now being prepared to be presented. Please send in immediately to Universal Negro Improvement Association, 56 West 135th Street, New York, all filled out and other petition sheets now in your possession. All members and Divisions that have money in hand for the Convention Fund are respectfully requested to forward same immediately to office of Secretary-General, Universal Negro Improvement Association, 56 West 135th Street, New York. By order PARENT BODY U. N. L. A. monkeys or not, we are full-sided men now. (Applause.) According to some of us all, of us were monkeys anyhow. We have white monkeys and black monkeys and brown monkeys (laughter), but we have all evolved now the standard of men, and as men each and every group is making its power and force felt. The white group is making itself felt in the world—and we don't envy them for it; it is their duty and obligation to themselves. It is the white man's duty to strengthen his outposts everywhere. It is the yellow man's duty to strengthen his outposts everywhere, and it is the black man's duty to strengthen his outposts everywhere (applause), and anybody who plants any bushes in our garden is going to get them routed up. Let the white man build his Europe since Columbus discovered it and gave it to him; but nobody ever discovered Africa; Africa discovered itself from the creation. They tell us that we must have a white America because a white man—Columbus—discovered it; they tell us we must have a white America, because the Pilgrim Fathers laid the foundation of its freedom and independence and its growth. They can not find any such argument to tell us about Africa, for Africa has an argument which is indisputable and which can not be gainsaid; an argument that it gave civilization already to the world when the rest of the world was in darkness. And the white man has been trying to hide that history for ever so long; but we are going to bring him to terms now. He has been writing all the books and placing them in the hands of everybody—from the Bible down to the latest edition of the New York American. (Laughter.) He has been writing everything and telling everybody to read and some of us like Dr. DuBois is reading without digesting. U. N. J. A. Advancing a New Theory The Universal Negro Improvement Association is advancing a new theory and a new thought—the Negro shall not swallow anything without digesting it first. We are going to give a new literature to the world, and we are going to write history over and tell the truth about it. We will not blame the white man for writing history as he goes it. It is everybody's duty to look out for himself. It is the white man's duty to gift us about a white God, a white Christ, white angels and a black hell and a black devil and black angels and it is the black man's duty to speak about a black heaven, a black God, a black Jesus and black angels. (Applause.) We are going to let the white man have America; we are going to let him have Europe, but we are going to have Africa, and we are going to let him have his part of heaven, too, with his white God if he wants it; we are going to have ours with our black God and if there is any heaven with only a white God there we are going to find a new one and have our black God there (laughter, and applause), because if we stay there too long we will have Jim Crowism and segregation. But we are not anticipating any heaven of that kind; we are only anticipating a broad and liberal heaven to hold all men of all races, of all climes and of all nations. To Consider Problems Confronting Us And so during this month we are going to seriously and soberly consider the propositions and the problems that confront us as a people and a race. We want our position clearly defined and understood. We are not assembled as rebels; we are not assembled as a disloyal group of people; we are not assembled as a race of people hating others. No, we are not preaching race hatred. We are preaching the broad brotherhood, the brotherhood of man and the Fatherhood of God. We mean that; we do not only preach it. We mean that, and we understand, too, that the application of that in a material age like this is that if one brother has anything and the other has not, the one who has does not know the other. And the Negro being the brother that has been an outcast for hundreds of years—realizing that we have been made the outcast because of our economic, temporal and material condition—we are going to alleviate that condition in a practical age like this. It can only be done with proper material and temporal progress. The Happy Reunion Golden Treatment Did It Wives, mothers, sisters. It is you that the man who drinks Whisker. Wine or Beer to excess: must depend upon to save him from the drunkard's grave. He can't stop—but our children blow him away. He have to do is to send your name and address and we will send absolutely FREE in plain wrapping. trial package of GOLDEN TREATMENT trial package of GOLDEN TREATMENT long as you live that you did K. Address DR. K. W. HAYNES, CO., 617-800-Bldg. Chr. Winston, Ohio. plasticity of education, in act and in in- scription, shall be no other law. The Color Line The world will have no color, the whiteness them in a community of brow- nish and a community of progress. When the white man on his own in- fidence and thinks you what I say, on his own indifference, goes out and arrives in the fields of commerce and industry for his himself and develops and becomes one of the progressive nations of the world, not only America but the world will sink and bury its prejudice. When he your own effort you have expressed in building on a common wealth of your own where your own industrial strength, wherein your own common freedom, wherein your own government appropriate itself, then and then pledge, will the prediction of the world pass away of being manifested again, so because, as some say, of color, we say, of condition. "I improve your condition," is the keynote of the convention for the month of August; and I tell you this, if we seriously go about that as we intend that you do it is only a question of another quarter or half century when the color line will pass away in America—will pass away in Europe and in other parts. The Morgans of the future, the Schwabe of the future, the Grays of the future, will know no color line when you have something to show in the fields of commerce and industry. But as long as you constitute Morgan your banker, so long as you constitute Gary your industrial captain, and you only a mental worker, so long will they lay down the line of demarcation: but when you in your own commonwealth of Africa have succeeded in building up industries, financial, industrial commercial industries: when you have established your great industrial, systems, your Pennsylvania system of railroads, your Grand Central system of railroads in Africa, your great "trust" system and banking system in Africa: when you control billions and billions of dollars in Africa: when you control billions and billions of raw materials in Africa—America and the whole world will come looking for you and will have no line of demarcation. (Aplause.) The black man is going to play an important role in the history of the world in another 50 or 100 years; and that is what we want to impress upon America at this time. Let them lynch us; let them burn us in Georgia and Mississippi—the black man may yet cause someone to be sorry for what he did, because the black man is not always going to remain the tool and the ball to be kicked around. Somebody is crazy if somebody thinks that they can always and perpetually keep down 400,000,000 men as they do when you are ignorant, as the people of India are today; but when you carry education to them you have hell on your hands. (Applause.) And, we have been educating ourselves in the school of western civilization for 300 years. Some people do not understand why we so patiently here the inflictions of slavery. It is for this day. Some people do not credit the Negro with much judgment, and with much knowledge of diplomacy. But let me recount to you the diplomacy of the Negro. He is the one that made the world before, and it is he that is going to make the world again. How the Stranger Was Received Three hundred years ago the Nigric lived on the banks of the Nile and the Congo and the Niger. He lived under God's beautiful sunshine on the West Coast, knew nobody, interfered with nobody; but one day some stranger appeared and approached him—a stranger strangely appalled. The African in his condition of innocence, knowing nothing about the man, was not disposed, because of his native diligency and his native depth of thought, to oppose this stranger. He reasoned that there was so much strangeness about the individual that he would take no chances in resisting his approach, because he knew not what he brought; he might have brought death to him, and he was just so much afraid of what the stranger was bringing. Instead of resisting the stranger, he welcome the stranger, and the stranger thought he had an easy mark. The stranger grabbed him and shackled him and he never even re- stisted. He brought him away four or five thousand miles into a new world, hept him for 300 years, and the stranger said: "What an easy mark! What an easy berth!" But he did not know of the calculation behind the mind of that individual whom he saw for the first time. That individual who MAKE MONEY Big Profits to Agents New Catalogue Ready Full of Good Things To Buy and Sell Premium, 5 and 10 cent goods, varieties, bazaars and fair goods. Also colored dolls, pictures, post cards and cal- endars. A fine line of Christ- mas goods, CATALOGUES FREE Write in for Years at Once Art Novelty Co. DEPARTMENT 12 2100 Broadway Avenue NEW YORK CITY We were willing to throw away three hundred years of time to survive for all eternity. (Applause.) Who says the world is coming to a close now? The world has been here for over, a million years, it will be here for another million years, and it will be a question of the survival of the fittest, and we will have lived; we will have thrown away three hundred years out of a million or five million years to exist until Gabriel blows his horn, and when we reassemble Ethiopia, when we awaken the glories of mother Egypt, and mother Alexandria and mother Timbucoo, only God alone will be able to wipe the Negro off the face of the globe. (Applause.) We are going back to Africa with our native intelligence, native brawn and manhood, and with out latent powers. The world has not seen anything yet. The Negro has hidden his civilization and buried it for hundreds of years, and we will resurrect it. They have tried to search for it, excavating the tomb of Tut-Ankh-Amen, but they have discovered nothing yet. Talk about the African mysteries? They have not seen them yet. The Negro has not yet given to the world that which is in him, and when we start to give to the world it will be for the blessing of the world and humanity. We will give it to the world, not in the language of race superiority and supremacy—we will give it to the world not in the action of Jimcrowism, lynching and burning, but in the language of our blessed Saviour, the human brotherhood, the brotherhood of man and the fatherhood of God. Who says God will not spare the Negro to teach man how to live? Who says that God did not have an intent behind the inspiration of the psalmist when he wrote, "Priaces shall come out of Egypt. Ethiopia shall stretch forth her hands unto God." Ethiopia is stretching forth her hands at this hour telling white men and yellow men that you cannot continue to exist if you will do so selfishly, with a world of discontented men around you, otherwise there will be a repetition of the same thing we have had in history ever since God Almighty said let there be light. We can only prosper—white, black and yellow—when we are fair to each other, and the white and yellow men are crazy if they think they can keep 400,000,000 black men down forever. We have not forgotten to fight since 1814 and 1815. Black men have not forgotten how to die. We died nobly, gracefully and splendidly in the Revolutionary War, in the Civil War, in the Spanish-American War and on the battlefields of France and Flanders. We died to bless the world with human love, with a perpetuation of civilization and Christianity and with the reign of democracy. And after we shed our blood for such sacred principles and for such a noble cause, what did they say to us? You are black. Because of that you cannot rise higher than where you are. We were lynched in the very uniform in which we fought on Flanders field. Wilson told us it was a fight for democracy, and we believed him, as we have believed his race ever since we came in contact with it. But we are a little doubtful now. And that is why we realize that things have not been so well. Even with our God, as taught to us by the other fellow. We have found out a lot of things since 1914. We have found out a lot of things, not only of our own choice, but because we were forced to. We were forced to analyze this God that we prayed to all the time. Now, we were praying so long for help, sympathy and salvation, and every year the lynching record mounted. Every year more Negroes were killed and burned and discriminated against. And we searched ourselves and found out that we were worshiping false gods, because God Himself said, "You shall worship no-God but me, the God of My image, of My likeness." And we were worshiping a God not of our likeness, and that is responsible for all our sins. We were committing idolatry. Because if man is created in the image of God, if man is created in the likeness of God, and I am the son of God, in the name of God, my mother being a black woman, how can I have a white father? (Laughter and applause.) Well, you may say it is in the physical. But our physical existence is only an initiation and a secondary part of the spiritual. We are all children of this same spiritual God, though spiritual. I stand before you a two-fold creature, a two-fold personality, a physical being and a spiritual being. Now, I cannot reconcile how one part could be black and one part white. I cannot see it. It would be inconsistent with the purpose of the Divine to have me mixed up that way. So it is natural for me to believe, that I am man, spiritual and physical, and God the Creator, my God physical and spiritual, must looks like me. And when we start to worship anything other than ourselves, in the image of our God, we only place ourselves worshiping a strange idealism. Do you know there are millions of Negroes in America and the West Indies whom you could not tell that God is not a handsome, prepossessing white man with a flowing beard? That is the picture. I went up to Pittsburgh the other day to visit the Pittsburgh Division of the association and I stopped with one of our members there. She belonged to the same faith as I, the Catholic faith, and when I was about to leave the house I noticed a picture on the wall. I looked at the picture and called upon one of my secretaries to explain the nature of the picture. What was it? There was a high, elevated seat and there was something like a judge's desk, and sitting before this desk was a handsome, prepossessing white man, and his hands rested on the desk like this. On either side of him were beautiful white women with wings. Below this desk was a white woman, a little child in the middle, a white woman on the right and a white woman to the left, and there was a kind of halo around the head of the little child. I asked to the secretary, "Explain this picture." And she explained it to the artist intended. The two white women on either side were white angels; the woman on the right side was the Virgin Mary, the child below was the Son of God, Jesus Christ. The man to the left was Joseph, the foster father. And that was a colored woman's house. I looked and said, where is the other picture? I turned to the other side of the wall, but the other picture was not there. But the idea was there. The idea was in that home. There was another picture of a hideous, monstrous creature that was the devil, and there were little impaons around. Those were the angels of hell. But the artist did not hang that picture. That picture was created in the minds of all the Negroes all over the world and for hundreds of years. They encasped that picture in their minds and kept it in their skulls. What can you expect to accomplish; what can you hope to achieve when your ideal is, that of another race? If you make your, God a white man, angels white, Christ white, it means you will go to hell as a race created as you are and placed in the world without an idealism of your own. The hour has come for the Negro, like the Mongolian, like the Chinese and the Japanese and the Hindu to worship a God of their own. And the Universal Negro Improvement Association in this fourth International Convention is going to strike the keynote. We will reform the minds of Negroes everywhere. We will give a new religion, a new history and a new education to the four hundred million Negroes of the world. Applause. Dr. J. J. Peters, president of the Chicago division, next addressed the convention. He said he had to present greetings from the Windy City, Chicago. The division was getting along splendidly and they were proud of the Unisex Negro Improvement Association. - Reverting to the theme of Mr. Garvey's address, he said, "God is no respecter of persons. Each man created the type of God that answered to his likeness. The Negro has been a compound ass. Personally, no religion appeals to me like 'my race. Unless you adapt yourself to the materialistic theory, you are doomed forever. I have no love for any country that does not protect, and the country that protects me I don't care who rules that country, whether God, Christ or Mohammed, I believe in justice to all men, but I'll be damned if I have any regards for any country that will not protect me and mine." Continuing, he said: "I do not expect Weldon Johnson and that type of man to speak for black men. They are working against their economical support when they do that. But we know we can speak for ourselves because our leaders are supported by black men. We must determine our own affairs. White people do not understand us as well as we understand ourselves. Dy Bola, Johnson and Pickens. Pickens attempted recently to get a job with the La Pelleite group. They would not notice him because they would not bother with the Ku Klux Klan issue, because the Ku Klux Klan issue is a white man's issue. You talk about the Ku Klux Klan being Shown in Many Small Ways Waiting for White Approval a Betrothed Sin Preaching Forgotfulness of Wrapg An "inferiority complex" in a man, as we understand the meaning of this expression, is his subconscious feeling that he is not quite so good mentally or morally or physically, or in any number of other ways, as some one else. Moreover, a paranoid afflicted with this complex will soon, or later, betray evidences of its existence, whether he wishes to do so or not. A prominent Bostonian the other day in conversation with a Chronicle editor declared emphatically that he believed 90 per cent of our so-called Negro leaders are victims of the inferiority complex. To prove that he thought himself right, he want on to explain just where certain of our "big" men are surprisingly small, and some of our brave" leaders" are sorely afflicted with insecurity. In any situation requiring personal sacrifice of any sort. We believe this gentleman to be right. Conditions which are responsible for the creation and maintenance of inferior complexes in black citizens are plentiful, no doubt, but the test of the mettle comes in, their throwing off of the complex or their allowing it to become a life-long, a perpetual inubus. This consciousness of inferiority does not affect the power of the complex alone. If it did, there would be little need for concern. But when men in the position of leaders of men, bearing that confidence and trust which the masses unstintedly place in opposed to the Jew the Catholic and the Negro. Nonense! The Negro has to fight the Catholic, the Jew and the American white man. When Tickens is trying to get a job he goes from one degree of grace to another. He does not believe in the potency of the Negro; he does not believe the Negro can do anything for himself. President Coolidge has told you, and I am glad he has, "Negroes, damn your souls forever, work for yourselves." (Applause.) You must recognize this one thing—this is a world of races. There is no brotherhood of man anywhere in this world. No such animal exists. This is a world where every race is trying to preserve its own virtue, and we have got to do the selfsame thing. And when you read your history you will see that any race that ever amounted to anything had to pay in blood, money and vletue. No prayer, no Jesus, no Mohammed. It was the will and the determination plus the faith within to crush and to die crushing." "Some of you," the speaker concluded, "do not agree with me. I cannot expect you all to do so. But I want you to use your brains. I am wholly responsible for what I say. I want you to understand that the Negro has reached a point where he must forget his religious bigarbon and go forth like a man; go forth and do as the white man has done and is doing. Do not stop to think that Jesus will do all because your cause is just. We in Chicago are determined to pull over the program. We are determined that Africa be redeemed by and for black men, and we will work for its salvation. Nothing is going to stop us. We will attempt to get it, and if we die in the attempt we will go to our graves and be free." (Applause.) Bishop George A. McGillite negalued the floor. He said he was very grateful to the chairman for giving him the opportunity to address the assemblage for a few minutes. He did not propose to take issue with the last speaker but to say a few words for the other side. Many present would remember his sermon on Friday morning when he showed that in he Negro's hands were the rod of his political destiny, the rod of his industrial and commercial achievement, the rod of financial acquisition and the rod of spiritual freedom. It would be remembered that he glated then that when the Negro was oppressed all he used was the rod of spiritual freedom—he relied on Jesus. Jesus had stood with him and brought him emancipation through the medium of Victoria and Abraham Lincoln. And the Negro could not now afford to throw Jesus overboard. One extreme was as bad as another. "I stand here," the speaker continued, "to hold up the idealism of religious freedom—that we write our own theology. What is theology? The knowledge which men have of God, whether by revelation, whether by nature or by their own tuition. In the beginning there was polytheism, many gods, a god for rain, a god for lightning, a god for war, a god for agriculture. There was Ceres, the god of grain; Bacchus, the god of wine, and so on down the line. All men were polytheists. Every man had his own god. Afterwards came the idea of a god for every nation. Then from the time of Moses came down the idea of a Universal God, a Father for all men, and not a national God. But if the white man is going to emphasize his God and make him a white God, and impress Him identity upon the children of my race, if they are going to impress that everything black belongs to the devil—and hell, I say, let us today and during this convention rewrite theology. (Chevron and applause.) We are not going to throw God overboard. If they will do it in the Windy City, we will hold on to God here." (Applause.) Join us a dance. It is very pleasing. Intensively that dance stage. The good business power; no more money, STUDIO, ACCESSORIES, more SCIATICA. LUNARIS, HUMANIS, MORE MUSIC, MORE PAINTING. Take a dance away from the group! Don't wait until it is too late! Why offer any longer? May to your opportunity be get well quick! Don't wait until you become a member! Includes 10 costs (dim). write YOUR NAME ADDRESS and mail right right now! 607 GOOGLE! DO IT TODAY. THE WAREHOUSE their torchbearers, say and do things which show that they believe themselves naturally inferior to other men conditions are far from placid. The inferiority complex is evinced in a thousand little ways. The woman who succumbs to the "whiten your black skin" or "reduce your thick lice" advertisement is an unmistakable victim. The man who yields to the persuasive argument of an inner voice to become an white-skinned as possible, then forswear allegiance to his blood relations, is cursed, with the inferior complex. He has seen men accepted, for the color of their complexion or the texture of their hair, so often that he subconsciously resolves that there are signs of superiority. It is reflected in the man who accepts the whites' estimate of him as correct and irrefutable. This person is often found among Negro "leaders." The phase of the complex evinced here is similar to that which leads one nation to hesitate to render honor to its prophets until another has acclaimed them. This phase was exemplified in the case of Roland Hayes, both with respect to black and white Americana. The two predominating groups taintly affirmed: "Our opinion is not worth anything in the circles of art; let us wait, in order to learn what Europe has to say." Europe proclaimed Hayes great; accordingly did, likewise, White Boston surged through the doors of Symphony Hall, filling every seat, overflowing to the platform; black Boston trickled through the aisles and clung desperately about the edges. Roland Hayes is a great cleric; cluched the white critic; "all of Europe has acclaimed him. He has sung by command before their matriaries the king and queen of England." Roland Hayes is a great ringer; echoed black America, adding, in its own account, "the leading white clerics in America say so." Thus did both the white and the black emphasize the exigence of the inferiority complex in themselves. The case of Charles Gilpin also comes to mind. When he played nightly at a small Harlem theatre few were part of his intercourse. "He's pretty good," a few may have said; "He thinks he's a white man." Others may have supplemented the inferiority complex in the American Negro compulsive recognition in its host of two gods—the white man, who is supreme on earth, and who, for obvious reasons, the ofoe, is more important; and the white man's God, who is Himself described as the white man of all white men. Thus, further, does the inferiority complex receive its foundation and its existence, from an uncommon assumption on the part of a great many blacks that became God's white the white man sees you white must be superior to any color, because the white man is a white man, he be Adam to God; he is therefore better than a black or a brown or a yellow man. This is inferior reasoning, it is la duced by the inhigent possession of the inferior complex. When a "leader" presaches sinueness and contentment with an inferior lot and forgetfulness of wrongs inflicted and the doctrine of running away to save the skin and a thousand other doctrines of the coward, nine things out of ten his behavior is actually by a deep-created sense of his own inferiority and a belief in the inferiority of all his kind. COLLEGE COMPLETES ADMINISTRATION BLDG. Steady Growth of the Work and Influence of the College Under President W. R. Banks TYLER, Tex. Aug. 4.—The Administration Building, Martin Hall, which has been in course of erection for six months on the campus of Texas College, Tyler, Tex., has been completed. The new equipment for this building will be installed within a few days. In its donation, of $20,000 the General Education Board of New York City is due the credit of the complete furnishing of this building with the very best modern features. The total cost of construction and equipment is $105,000. From the points of construction, appearance, equipment and arrangements, it includes all the features that go to make up a modern school building. This building will be used exclusively for class rooms and offices. It contains twenty class rooms, ample space for science, laboratories, auditorium seating 1,000, library, assembly room, offices and modern sanitary accommodations. It will be heated throughout with steam, electrically lighted and two drinking fountains on each floor with refrigerator, some tubs, making possible by water during the warm month. The General Education Board of New York City, and the Southern Methodist Episcopal Church (white) have been largely instrumental in making this building possible. The members of the Colored Methodist Episcopal Church in Tyler, Tex., are meeting their obligation and responsibilities on this new building project in a very commendatory way. The growth and progress of Texas College during the ten years of the presidency of W. R. Ranks have been substantial and encouraging. The enrollment has become larger than the present facilities can admit, having turned away more than 200 students last year. There is every indication ARK'S LEADING FOR COLORED PEOPLE Because of the excellence of the character of the work being done at this well known institution of the State Department of Education of Texas grants State certificates to those who finish the teacher training course. To meet the demands occasioned by the steady growth of Texas College, Bishop J. C. Martin of Jackson, Tenn., in whose district the school is located, is putting forth every effort to raise 440,000 by December 1, 1934. Judging from the reports coming in from the field, the amount will be raised. The summer school, the largest enrollment in the history of the school, will close this week. From September 2-12 there will be held a ten-day ministers' institute for the ministers of the Colored Methodist Episcopal Church West of the Mississippi River. This school is made possible by the mission board of the Methodist Episcopal Church South (white), which pays all of the traveling expenses of those who attend and furnish able instructors and lecturers of both races. More than 300 ministers will be in attendance. Post-war conditions affecting Jews in Europe will be considered at a conference of delegates from various countries at Carlsbad, beginning August 15. The conference will be under the auspices of the World Jewish Relief Committee, with headquarters in Paris. The American Jewish Congress, of which Dr. Stephen S. Wise is president, will send to the conference Max D. Steuer, Judge Aaron J. Lovy and Dr. A. J. Rongy, all of New York; Judge Hugo Pam of Chicago, and Judge William S. Lewis of Philadelphia. Another conference will be held in Carlsbad on August 15, which the American delegation will also attend. This is the Conference of the Committee of Jewish Delegations. It will deal with problems affecting the rights of minorities in Eastern Europe as guaranteed by the Treaty of Versailles. STOP PROSTATE PAINS IN 24 HOURS Enlargement of the prostate gland is responsible for getting up frequently during the night, that draggy dull ache and burning sensation. If you suffer from painful urination and feel older than you are I want to send you a $1 Hexagland Treatment, postpaid and free of charge or obligation. It should give relief in a few hours and stop all symptoms quickly. If it cures you, tell your friends and pay me what you think is fair, otherwise the loss is mine. Simply send name, and I will send it under plain wrapper. Write today as this introductory offer is good for only ten days. THE BAYNE CO., 82 Coca Cola Building, Kansas City, Mo. THE BLACK CROSS NAVIGATION AND TRADING COMPANY, Inc. (Incorporated Under the Laws of the State of New Jersey) For the purpose of building for its own use, equipping, furnishing, fitting, purchasing, chartering, navigating, or owning steam, sail or other boats, ships, vessels or other property, to be used in any lawful business, trade, commerce or navigation upon the ocean, or any seas, sounds, lakes, rivers, canal or other waterways, and for the carriage, transportation or storing of lading, freights, mails, property or passengers thereon. To navigate the waters of the Atlantic Ocean along the entire eastern seaboard of the United States, and the Dominion of Canada, Newfoundland, and about Cuba, Porto Rico and West Indian Islands, Central and South America, including the gulfs, bays, sounds, harbors and roadsteads along said coasts, and adjacent thereto, and such navigable rivers as flow therein; the Pacific Ocean along the entire western seaboard of the United States, British Columbia and Alaska, Lower California, Mexico, Central America and South America, including the gulfs, bays, sounds, harbors and roadsteads along said coasts and adjacent thereto, and such navigable rivers as flow therein; the Gulf of Mexico and Panama Canal, the Gulf of California, Puget Sound, the Great Lakes, and all navigable waters and canals that flow therein, or may hereafter be constructed connecting any of the aforesaid waters, and all navigable inland waters of the United States, and of the Dominion of Africa, including the gulfs, bays, sounds, harbors and roadsteads along sai $ ^{-1} $ coast and adjacent thereto, and such navigable rivers as flow therein; and those of such other continents as may hereafter be determined, it being the purpose of this provision to permit the corporation to conduct its business in any part of the world, as far as may be permitted by law. 56 West 135th Street, New York, U. S. A. LET'S PUT IT OVER FIVE OR TEN YEAR $500,000 LOAN TO BLACK CROSS NAVIGATION AND TRADING CO., Inc. Incorporated Under the Laws of the State of New Jersey, U. S. A. TO ENABLE THE CORPORATION TO PURCHASE, CHARTER AND RUN SHIPS, AND TO CARRY ON ITS GENERAL BUSINESS only from members of the Universal Negro Improvement Association, and Negroes who are interested in and endorse its program. Loans are not desired or accepted from any other person. A note is issued by the Black Cross Navigation and Trading Company, Inc., to cover each loan for five or ten years THOUGHTS THRONG LIPERT SINCE IS YOUR INTERNATIONAL OPENS WITH IMPRESSIVE SERVICE DR. GEORGE ALEXANDER BROOK, PRIVATE OF THE AFRICAN ORTHODOX CHURCH, IN BRILLIANT SERVICE, STRIKES A KEYNOTE THAT MAKES DEEP IMPRESSION ON VAST AUDIENCE "What Is That in Thina Hand?" He Quotes for the Negro, and Expands in Masterly Fashion THE ROD OF POLITICAL DESTINY, OF INDUSTRIAL AND COMMERCIAL ACHIEVEMENT, OF FINANCIAL ACQUISITION AND OF SPIRITUAL FREEDOM IS IN THE NEGRO'S HANDS—THE ROD OF THE U. N. I. A. At 11 o'clock, precisely, divine service started. The U. N. I. A. band under the direction of Bandmaster Arnold J. Ford, struck up the well-known air, "O Africa, Awaken," and the procession wended its way, slowly but apparently, toward the platform. The order of the procession was as follows: Members of the African Legion, Black Cross Nurses, the U. N. I. A. choir, two Acodytes carrying chandeliers, the Crucifer, the Torche bearer, Rev. J. C. Millington, curate of the Church of the Good Shepherd, blishop's chapplain: Archedeacon, George S. Brooks, African Orthodox Church; His Grace Archbishop McGuire, Celebrant. Next came the high officials of the association, as follows: Mrs. A. J. Robertson, First Assistant Lady President of the New York Division; Hon. Gee Wester; First Vice-President, New York Local; Hon. E. F. Elligor, Instructor; Hon. R. Van Richards; Hon. Percy, L. Burrows, Assistant Secretary-General; Hon. T. Anderson, Minister of Labor; Hon. Lei Lord, Auditor General; Hon. C. S. Bourne, High Chancellor; Hon. Marc Garvey, President-General and Provisional President of Africa. Arrived on the platform, the choir and congregation sang the hymn, "Shilah On, Eternal Light," after which the opening prayers of the service were recited by Rev. Mr. Elligor, the various units having been reviewed and seated. The congregation responded devoutly and heartily to all the exercises and there was evident a feeling that all realized the solemnity of the occasion. Psalm 30, "Exaltabo De" Domine," was sung by the choir, assisted by the congregation, who were provided with a plaster program of the service. Hon. George Worton and a lesson from the Holy Scripture, which was very appropriate for the day's exercises, "Jubilee Deo" ("Oh, be joyful in the Lord," etc.) was next sung by the Celebrant, Archbishop McGuire, the responses being made by the choir. In this, special reference was made to the aims and objects of the association, and in the Litany prayers were recited for the President-General, the Potentate, the Honorable Executive Council and others who were, assisting in the work of the organization. The Universal Negro Ritual was also recited and this part of the service was concluded by the further recital of special prayers suitable for the occasion and the object of the gathering by Chaplain Elligor. A sacred item by the Harmony Four was next announced, and, after this was executed, Mrs. Weston sang a solo with a host telling effect. His Grace Archbishop McGuire, of the African Orthodox Church, then delivered a sermon. At his conclusion the choir rendered an anthem. The President-General then announced the lifting of the collection. This was done while the band struck up a martial air. This concluded, and a special thank offering having been made, the President-General declared that His Highness the Supreme Deputy and Acting Potentate. Hon. G. O. Mark will solemnly declared the Fourth International Convention of the Negro Peoples of the World formally opened. Declaring the Convention Open The Acting Potentate then ascended the rostrum and said: "As you are aware in the absence of the Potentate, it take to my lot, an Supreme Deputy, to do what he would have done on this occasion. On the program you will find that an address should be delivered by the Potentate, but, owing to the lateness of the hour, we are obliged to postpone that address until Monday. I therefore declare officially, opened the Fourth International Convention of the Negro Peoples or the World." The President-General then made several announcements as to the afternoon's program, which included the parade. The Universal Ethiopian Anthem was next sung by the convention, accompanied by the band. The procession retreated from the platform and marched, while the congregation remained seated, to the robing rooms, to the time of the horn, "God Bless Our President." The service, which was memorable in several features, was concluded at about 12 noon. DR. McGUIRE'S SERMON Bishop McGuire said: I take my text from Exod. IV, 1: "And the Lord said unto him, What is that in thine hand? And he said, A red." The cry of a people hold in bondage for servitude had reached the throats of Justice and Murray, and He that set thrones pumpherded Him promises to their servitude that He would make of their poverty a great nation. The time for settlement had come, and the man to act the rule of deliverer has for another undertaking train- ing unknown even, to himself. He is at this time a refuge, serving as the chief shepherd of the flocks of an Ethiopian patriarch in whose employ he had begun for forty years, and one of whose beautiful daughters he had married. One day, as this man, Moses, is feeding Jethro's sheep on the slopes of Mt. Horeb, there comes to him a most convincing call to a divine commission. Out of a burning acacia buff, the leaves of which remained uncorroced, the Voice of the Eternal addresses him, saying, "Behold, the cry of the children of Israel is come unto me, and I have seen the oppression wherewith the Egyptians oppress them. Come, now, therefore, and I will send thee unto Pharaoh that thou mayest, bring forth My people out, of Egypt into a land flowing with milk and honey. Go and gather the elders of Israel and tell them that I, the God of Abraham, Isaac and Jacob, have sent you to deliver them." What Is That in Thine Hand? Moses accepts the commission, but he asks for credentials—some evidence of his power and authority, for, says he, without this "they will not believe me, nor hearken up my voice, for they will say. The Lord hath not appeared unto thee." "What is that in thine hand?" is the question which Jehovah puts to him. "What is that in thine hand?" Moses answers. "A rod." "Cast it on the ground." commands Jehovah Moses obeys, and instantly the rod becomes a wriggling serpent, and Moses flees from it. "Put forth thy hand and take it by the tail," is the next command, and again Moses obeys. He selves the reptile, which immediately is converted into a rod. For long years Moses had carried that shepherd's rod to perform the posthorses' duties at his office. But that stick of polished desert wood has now, by supernatural endowment, become possessed of a mysterious potentiality. "Take this rod in thine hand, wherewith thou shalt do signs and wonders." So commands Jehovah. Henceforth this shepherd's rod is transformed into a rod of authority and freedged with mysterious forces that would cause even the forces of Nature to halt in their established course. It had now become a thing divine, an instrument consecrated by Deity and placed in the hands of humanity to solve the crucial problems and simplify the difficult situations of a people seeking liberty, life, peace and happiness in a land and government of their own. Sun of Spiritual Power Returning to Egypt, Moses carries his rod, which he now styles "the rod of God," and in all his conferences with the elders of Israel and interviews with King Pharaoh he bears in his hand this outward and visible sign of his inward and spiritual power. Let us note the use of this rod on two important occasions in the career of Moses. Let us in imagination be distant spectators of that acute and critical situation in which the Hebrews found themselves following the Exodus. A mountain to the right of them! A mountain to the left of them! The Red Sea before them, and the Egyptian army thundering onward behind them. Escape is impossible. Each speeding moment brings the enemy nearer—the whirling charlots, the flying cavalry. Destruction imminent, the Hebrews are seized with panic and hurl at Moses the shafts of piercing sarcasm. "You God - seat leader, were there not graves enough in Egypt that you should bring us here to be massacred, our bodies to decay and our bones to whiten in this desert? Fine leader you are!" Impervious to taunt and ridicule, this natural leader of men, in sublime tranquility, stands before them with his rod in one hand, while he raises the other and with commanding gesture silences the cowardly mob. "Fear not," says he; "stand still and see the salvation of God. These Egyptians which ye see today you shall see no more forever. Hold our peace. Jehovah shall fight for you. Stand still and see." immediately Moses gets into communication with God. Prayer is his one aspect, and inaudibly he sends up his appeal. Quicker than by radio, the answer comes. Kissing back through the immense expense of other. "Misses, wherefore cried thou unto me? What is that in thine hand? Have you forgotten so soon its power? Speak unto the children of Israel that they go forward. Point your red over the sea and divide the waters." The sequel of this persuasive we are all familiar with. Let be note another occasion as the people罢宴 at Epiphany to discover in great conformation that there to be drinking water in the district. As usual, the leader is to be helped for all viciousness even though they be "eats of God." Perishing from thirst, the people assail Moses, becoming violent and threatening his life. "Find us write" at once that we may drink. Hast thou brought us out of Egypt to kill us our children and our cattle with thirst? Find us water or we shall kill those first." As they approach him manscacingly with stones, Moses, rod in hand, falls upon his knee. "O Lord, God," he crieen, "what shall I do unto this people? They be almost ready to stone us." "Moses, arise; stand on your foot," is the answer. "What is that in thine hand? Is it not the rod that divided the sea? Proceed at once to Horeb, amite the rock there, and the water shall come forth as a river to quench the thirst of man and beast." Contempt for the Scoffers. The Rod of Political Destiny Destiny does not imply a blind fate. Destiny is that which is so well expressed in the well-known lines "There's a Divinity that shapes our ends, rough-how them how we will." It is destined by Divinity that in a nation and government of his own, in his motherland, Africa, the Negro shall enjoy liberty and happiness with a civilization and religious workshop of his own, without hindrance from any other race or government. Whence came this doctrine, this political faith which has seized the people of our group during the last seven years? It came from the brain and heart of him who called into existence the Universal Negro Improvement Association. Some claim that Marcus, Garvey was not the original thinker of the idea of "Africa for Africans." As for that, none but the Omniscient knows who was the first thinker along this line, but all the world knows that the original door is the man under whose leadership we are gathered, and who has won a thousand times more converts and followers than any other Negro leader. Read. the constitution which this man put into effect in July, 1918, and which the First International Convention of 1920 approved and ratified: and the Constitution Read the Constitution Among the aims and objects, what do we find touching the political destiny of this race? "To establish an universal confraternity among the race; to promote the spirit of pride and love; to assist in civilizing the backward tribes of Africa; to assist in the development of independent Negro nations and communities; to establish commissionaries and agencies in the principal countries and cities of the world for the representation and protection of all Negro irrespective of nationality." My fellow men, I suggest to you that the mind which evolved that political program is the mind of a genius, I suggest to you that the hand that wrote it is the hand of a master. Render unto Caesar the things that are Caesar's. We come today not to bury Caesar, nor to magnify his faith, but to prize to Caesar for what he has planned and what he has done for Rome and Romans. When in August, 1920, we accepted that constitution we officially noticed the world we had taken in our hand the Rep of our Political Deptty. But we did not put our once upon our statements in the constitution. Declaration of Rights Declaration of Rights During that same convention, in the year 1789, we came our "Crade of Liberty," we made our Declaration of Rights to be The image provided is too blurry and low-resolution to accurately recognize any text. It appears to be a blank or heavily distorted document. Therefore, no text can be extracted or analyzed from this image. His Loyalship Bishop GEORGE ALEXANDER McGUIRE, who presided the opening convention sermon at Liberty Hall, Friday morning, August 1. henceforth our Magna Charta, our Declaration of Independence. In that immortal document we declared all men, women and children of our race free—free denizens of the countries they inhabit, and cojointly free citizens of Africa, their motherland. On the principle of Europe for Europeans, Asia for Asiatics, we demanded Africa for Africans at home and abroad. We further declared it to be the inherent right and duty of the Negro to seek the restoration and repossession of Africa, and that such right and duty should not be considered an infringement upon any right or claim by any other race or nation. We condemned the capidity of those who have seized the territories and natural wealth of Africa, and placed on record our solemn determination to reclaim the ownership of our ancestral continent. We stressed the principle of self-determination for all peoples, including the Negro race, and what is important just at this time, we demanded the right of free emigration of Negroes in any country or State without molestation or discrimination, especially when they pay equal fare with travelers of other races. In this declaration of rights we assumed, my fellow men, a large political order, but with unwavering confidence in the recitude of our cause, and with implicit trust in our fathers' God, we signed our Magna Charta with the ink of our tears and pledged each other to defend and maintain it with our lives, our fortunes, and our sacred honor. Four years have passed since that day when strong men and earnest women shed tears of deep emotion. An Unforgettable Moment We who were fortunate to witness or participate in that drama will never forget the solenium awe which swept this building. It was as though we were standing at the foot of Sinai when the Decalogue was pronounced, or in the upper room in Jerusalem when the Holy Spirit descended on the Day of Pentecost. Four years have rolled away since then. Negro, what is that in time hine, that Constitution, that Declaration of Rights? It is the Rod of your Political Destiny. Nationhood has been the greatest stimulus to any people, and Africanism, or Garveyism as some prefer to term it, has won to its hanner an ever-increasing number of new Negroes in both hemispheres. As sure as God lives and holds in the hollow of His hands the destinies of empires, kingdoms and nations, in the fulness of time Africanism shall be triumphant. After seven centuries of struggle for nationhood the Irish people are rejoicing in the Free State of Ireland. After ages of almost forlorn hope the Jews are rejoicing in the triumphs of Zionism and the repossession of the land of their forefathers. Their fulness of time has come. So will ours, for, in the Eternal Volume of Truth it is predicted that "Princes shall come out of Egypt." Ethiopia, what is that in thine hand? It is the Rod of Thine own political rehabilitation and renalssance. Stretch forth thine hands unto God for the day of the redemption draweth nigh. The mills of God grind slowly, but surely, and exceeding fine. One day with Him is as a thousand years, and a thousand years as one day. What if your owe and mine behold not that day, that land, that government? We now and here dedicate all that we are and all that we have to the "Cause Afrie." Our lamented, brother, Sir Robert Foster, of blessed memory, saw the land and had hoped to be here in person to report to this convention that our political destiny will assuredly be resolved. He is not here in the foothill but his spirit breeds over us. That tired body sleeps in its narrow grave in his old Kentucky house, but his unconquered goose marching on with us to our motherland. Lot the heathen rage and imagine their vane things. No power or fee, no vile strategy of cowards, nor subservience of hell can doom us, for the Rod of our Political Destiny. Is in our hands, with we shall divide the Red Rose before us, and in the morning of victory again employ it for the confounding of our helpless pursuers. Again. I ask. Negro, what is that in shine hand? THE ROD INDUSTRIAL AND MACHINE-WORKING Among the aims and objects of this association as outlined in the constitution-you will discover this, "To conduct a world-wide commercial and industrial intercourse for the good of the Negro people." That was the reason why our founder organized and incorporated the African Communities League, which should foster our commercial and industrial interests, in conjunction with the Universal Negro Improvement Association, a social benevolent and educational society for the general uplift of the Negro peoples of the world. That was the reason for the Negro Factories Corporation. That was the reason for a Ministry of Labor and Industry. And for our commercial development, a mercantile marine in an indispensable and vital factor. We must have ships, and more ships. If one venture fails, we must, from the lessons gained by experience, struggle on until the Negro shall place upon the high seas and lines of international traffic a navigation and trading company, not only to link in commerce our scattered groups, but to win our share of the marine business of the world. The Pride of Nations Ships are the pride of every nation. They are bulwark of Britain and the protector of America and Japan. No scheme of colonization planned by this organization can become effective without ships. And in connection with the establishment of independent African communities and colonies, the task is one for which the Negro from the West Indies is particularly talented. He it was who supplied the brawn and much of the brain in the construction of the Panama Canal. He it was who, in Cuba and Central America, in the employ of the United Fruit Company converted the howling wilderness and desolate swamps into thriving towns, central factories and fertile fields of sugar cane, oranges and bananas. What he has done for others he can do for himself, and we look forward to the time when public buildings, thegrees, churches, institutions of learning, bridges, docks, tunnels and railroads will be erected by him in our own African communities and colonies. 'There is no engineering or architectural work needed which you Negroes cannot perform, and I bid you hold yourselves in readiness for future service. Meanwhile, it is our bounden duty to lay secure foundations at our central seat of operations. Strengthen Our Stakes . The great British Empire, upon whose flag the sun never sets, and whose drumbeat is heard around the globe, has fortified England, the center, the mart and metropolis, the seat of government of her world wide possessions and interests. While "Africa for Africans" is both our hope and inspiration, we must strengthen our stakes so as to lengthen our cords. Our Association must drive, firmly its commercial and industrial stakes here at headquarters, here, in Harlem, here in the United States, and then lengthen its cords to Haiti and to African communities in the Motherland. Negro, what is that is thine hand? The Rod of Commercial and Industrial Achievement. "Stretch it forth, and like a magic wand you will bring cities out of deserts, cover the seas with ships, and dot the plains with factories. I submit once again the question: Negro, what is that in thine hand? The Red of Financial Acquisition The Rod of Financial Acquisition It is evident, my fellowman, that our political display and our commercial enterprise require an accumulation of capital, and, so the number of our money barons and captains of finance is almost negligible. It is to the great means of our people that these in- trusted with the execution of our prg- mgram must act so that by 'welling into one gigantic whale, the immens- able small glove, lime and investments, they may hereby captivate and operate the several departments. In this pol- gist nation there is no group, which in proportion, waits such tremendous sum of money as those which Magnus agender in luxury, frivolity, speculation and unpaid investments. The Our would-be denizens are those demagogues who possess their 28 shades of gray for the commercializing of social distinctions and institutions who perceive their money of livelihood, somewhat like that of Domestrian, the Ephebian silversmith, threatened by the success of this movement, and, therefore, declare war to the bitter and, emplifying every implement at their command, however foul or diabolic. While much has been done to conserve Negro money for Negro enterprises, this is, but the beginning. Think of the large sums of money which Negroes put annually into the insurance controlled by the other race! Think of the enormous deposits made by them in the white banks of New York to be loaned to white business, while Negro business is almost consistently refused loans from the deposits of the race! Fellowmen, link up your savings. Link your time with every other Negro dime, link your dollar with every other Negro dollar, even as your Jawahir friends do. You have in your hand the Rod of Financial Acquisition. Astor, Carnegie and Rockefeller used that rod, starting out with less wages and a smaller income than many of you, yet they amassed fortunes and built up great enterprises. Down in British Honduras a black man, a deceased and honored member of this Association, Sir Isaiah Mortor, proved beyond semblance of doubt, that even outside the United States it is possible for humble Negroes to attain financial distinction by making use of the opportunities of their environment. Mortor, like Moses, had a rod which he skillfully polished and used with powerful effect, leaving behind him a fortune reputed to be about half a million dollars. All honor to Isaiah Mortor, and still greater honor in that in his last will and testament he bequeathed the bulk of his estate to the Universal Negro Improvement Association. When an individual of his cool, calculating man, a man unmoved by passing sentiment or wild emotion, deliberately wills thus the major part of the earnings of an eventful life, it is evidence that his movement has taken a firm grip upon the new Negro, who sees it in the only solution by which the full salvation of this race is to be procured. At this solemn movement, when we revere the memory of Sir Isaiah Mortor, I most earnestly urge you, one and all, to emulate his illustrious example. Donate, lend, invest during your lifetime, but see to it that in your last will and testament you provide to the extent of your ability, a legacy for this movement, or, what is equally good; take out an insurance policy making the Universal Negro improvement Association the beneficiary. "Negro money for Negro development," note that well, mark it, burn it and inwardly digest it. And now I shall present my text in its last phase. Negro, what is that in time hand." THE ROD OF SPIRITUAL FREEDOM THE ROD OF SPIRITUAL FREEDOM This was the original rod in the Negra's hand, and for a long time following his emancipation he held on to it as though it were his peculiar monopoly. It had served him as a prop during the period of enforced servitude to the white man. A slave in body, he nevertheless felt free in soul, since none could deny him the solace of religion. More religious by nature than other races, Negroes neglected their political, industrial and financial progress, content to sing "It is well. It is well with my soul." They killed themselves into tranquil slumber with the opiate of religious expectation, and in their spirituals and melodious chanting of heaven."I want to go to heaven when I die to hear Jordan roll." Shun Extremes It has taken the race a half century to discover its error. But in endeavoring to correct it we have failed to remember that two wrongs never can make one right. Instead of striking the golden mean between the two extremes, we have allowed the pendulum to swing to the limit in the contrary direction, proclaiming religion to be a menace and stumbling block to the Negro. Yet many who thus presumably and perniciously advocate the abandonment of Negro churches and Negro ministers, are foremost in seeking the use of those same churches and the co-operation of those same ministers. Let it be understood; once and for all, that no constructive program for the Negro can be effective which underestimates the hold his religious institutions have upon him. The material without the spiritual is as bad as, nay, worse than the spiritual without the material. We must have the ancestor of religion, but we must make certain that it is what we consider consonantions for, as Negroes. That is what is meant by that object in our constitution, which reads—"to promote a consonantious spiritual worship among the native tribes of Africa," implying, of course, that we shall first promote it among ourselves. That is what is meant when in our Declaration of Rights we demand "freedom of religious worship." This means freedom in our theology, freedom in our ritual and freedom in the central of our theological organizations. We demand the crucible of a consonantious, spiritual freedom for the reason that spiritual freedom is the basis of all other free Artillery to Dominate As the eminaries of their government and their capitalists, white missionaries have employed Christianity as propaganda to subjugate, and artillery to dominate, our race in Africa and the West Indies. They have defied the religion of Jesus Christ and made it the harlot of their just, avarice and ambition, and the time has now come when we must stand squarely in their pathway and call, "halt." Negro, what is that in thine hand? It is the rod of your spiritual freedom. Refuse to have your children taught any longer the white man's catechism which requires them to "submit myself to all my better, and to order myself lowly and reverently." Fellow men, if you did not realize it before, realize it now, that only Negro pastors and bishops can be true Shepherds of Negro Negro white ministers pretend and some law try to be, but they just simply cannot. In our convention of 1811 this association passed a resolution indorsing all religious bodies under Negro control, and I trust that all our loyal members will govern themselves accordingly. The Universal Negro Improvement Association has never, and will never, induce embezzle under white control. Whether we be Methodists, Baptists, Episcopalans, Romanians, Jews or Mohammedans, we must see to it that Negroes are in control and set up for ourselves. Because, through this association I have a new perspective, white Episcopalians whom I served for a quarter of a century have written up in their periodicals the religious organization of which I am the leader, as "a byproduct of that queer movement among Negroes known as Garveyism" and have exercised me to continue in their own words, for "leading away his race from the church"; that is, the Anglo-Saxon Church. And my colored brethren whom I have left behind, not having yet seen the light, have heaped ridicule upon me, conferring upon me the mock title of "High Priest of Garveyism". To all of which I simply say, "Amen, so let it be." Spiritual Slaves. Never! Spiritual Slaves, Never! George Alexander McGuire, what is that in time hand? It is the Rod of Spiritual Freedom divinely given to me with a commission, and white I have breath I shall continue to urge Negroes never, never to be spiritual slaves. The member of the Universal Negro Improvement Association who is still a spiritual slave has not yet caught its spirit, for this movement is prominently "a spiritual movement." I take no credit for this description. The phraseology is that of the founder himself. In making his masterful defense in the District Court of the United States, June, 1928, pleading not so much for his personal liberty, but with fervid and inspired eloquence, advocating that his race be given the opportunity to work out its own salvation—advocating with that earnestness which marked Abraham's plea for Sodom and Gomorrah. Moses' plea for Israel when Jehovah would have destroyed them; or Ether's plea to Ahasuerus when Haman planned the extinction of her race—in making that defense the Hon. Marcus Garvey not once, nor twice, but several times, declared that the Universal Negro Improvement Association is a "spiritual movement." Garvey Before the Jury - Garvey Before the Jury As I sat and listened for three hours, thrilled by the sublime effort of the superman, I discovered a few Magnus whose cynical smiles proved them unworthy to be numbered among this race, smiling at such a moment and occasion, and in silent wonder I wore at their affrontery as much so as at the touching words of the crater. That scene, that appeal, and that man as I saw him then, shall never fade from memory's page. But, of the song of thousands of words which the speaker uttered, this is the sentence which has since school and re-education in my care "Gentlemen of the jury, this is a nutritious movement." Negro men and women, either this to true, or not true. Do you believe with the founder, that the Universal Negro Improvement Association in and should be, a spiritual movement, not only in verbal characterization but to animal operation? If you do, say so now as comphatically so he has done, and endeavor in this convention to spiritualize it more and more. The Jews made Nem oe an. Sate ok age 1g: . 6 Oe te ee ” ey 5 sa declan means i ~ aaa: aioe wacoren ¥ se ae es de i iiidél g : asi awe 23 “4 nd panes Laced ae TNE any ene RNA ina GA neh a a cigar , are os a Ror ayes. a wo i” heugiiomaans altel | a ~ i The 7 a ae. : GERD UTR. 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Ané@ one of them concludes that “it has once more beén demonstrated witn dreadful clearness that the games ax- Gravate international. bitterness instesd of ecothing them.” ce oe It fe a discouraging comment after twenty-eight years of: international competition. - Perhaps it ts sound. Those .on the other side of the Atian- tle cag judge with difficulty of what happens at French athletic-‘felda Yet certain considerations - seem - to : op- pose the conclusion the English writers Dave reiched. a The first to that the English. are Jooking at an experiment im sport from the standpoint of: those who have ‘Worked “out somethiag’ relatively per manent. Good. sportsmanship is al- moet born in the British blood; it is aimply outside the experience of many other nations. -Theee are taking up tennis, running arid football for the first time in their hiatory, and crowds assemble to watch the sports -for the first time. Both performers and epec- tators have consequéntly had their de- sires more in mind than, their .man- ners. Yet tt is a question if the French. — for instance, have not jearned @ great deal thie year. The behavior of the crowd at the Olympic tennis final wae paid to be very creditable. It may have showed the effects of protest, against’ partiality on other occasions.” . In & eimilar way there must be an Interchange of ideals of conduct among performers from dozene of natipns.un- 1 eomething Mke an tnternatlonal deal has been established. The Latin oInt of view is somewhat different rom the English and the Amefican, ut the two ere already close together, nd evidently getting closer. Finally, what of the increasing par- icipation of nationa in the Olympic ames? If a failure in international port hae been registered “once more.” hy io it that despite suppored fall- res in the past the popularity. end ignificance of theese four-year smeet- ice have increased until, this, year nde forty-three nations competing né the individual contestants number- ig thousand on thousand? Despite 1@ ‘very real irritations incident to 16 gamee.there must be something at- active to the world about the Olympic thletic, festival Dose not its very rowth give « certain promises of suc- yas, or ip ft doomed while interest }.ft mounte and thé pet ar creases? porquierpeet ‘This would be calamity indeed. or, on soberer reflection, is it likely. *. ) appear to tha contesting nations at they will gain'in happinese of re- tion, one to the other, by running vay from the simplest and most. easant of relationships? If nations nnot: play together, It fe hardly to expected that they can associate more eerious activity..-Yet that they n je thelr hope and their necessity. 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Agente and Gealers Wanted everywhere. $5.00 will bring you vamples, and our proft-making sales ian. Write. fer. our free ig catatog: Sta indatd Products Company | “= 438 Lenox Avenue, New York | Regain Your Hair with “REVIVEHAIR” : Resuite guaranteed or money : = PRICE, $1.00 _L. Matos Laboratory: 200 Weet 12Mh Street, N.Y. City Be finyiglin grin ‘ - Be Beet rei " sl eseierner hace _ .- Adverties tie im . THE NEGRO WORLD Mrs. H. Puffard of the MF Forensic Division of the U. N. L. A. No. 697, gave an entertainment on Sunday, July 12, which was a decided success. The program was nicely selected. The members who took part in the program were: Mrs. Roulet, Mrs. Hyde, Wetley. president, Mr. T. A. Stinchair, being absent from the meeting, Mr. M. L. Ivey precluded. The meeting was conducted in the usual manner, prayer being offered by the chaplain, after which the following program was rendered: Processional hymn, "Shine On, Eternal Light"; verses from ritual; opening eda, "From Greenland's key Mountains"; prayer from ritual; hymn, "Blest Be the Tie That Binds"; Scripture reading; prayer; chairman's address; chorus, by all, "Marching On"; recitation by Master Clive Westby; trio, by Mrs. Roulet, Hyde and Pollar; recitation by Master Edgar Westby, It Can't Be done"; duet by Mrs. Roulet and Mrs. Hye, "Only Remembered"; recitation by Mrs. Westby, "Go Forward"; solo by Mrs. H. Pollar; recitation by Master Ernest Westby, "Duty. Is Everywhere"; collection, "Onward Christian Soldiers"; address by Mrs. Roulet; recitation by Miss Alexandria Webster, "Let's Put It Over"; song, "They Shall Run and Not Be Weary"; recitation, Miss Alva Velasquez; address, Mr. R. Jackson; address, Mr. Jeremiah White; closing address, Mr. T. A. Sinclair; Ethiopian National Anthem; closing—Doxology. LONDON. ENGLAND On Sunday evening, June 22, the members and friends of the London Division of the U. N. I. A. assembled at the Public Hall, Barking road, Canning Town. The meeting commenced at 7.30 p. m. with the singing of "From Greenland's, Icy Mountains," followed by prayer by the master of ceremonies, Brother J. Best. The officers present were Brothers F. Bishop, president; J. Best, vice-president; A. Timothy, secretary, and J. Williams, treasurer. There was an excellent program rendered as follows: Reading of preamble by Brother J. Williams, followed by the溶剂 of Hymn 114. The front page of The Negro World was then read, and duly commented on by the president of the division, F. Bishop, who thereby evoked great aplaus. Mandolin solo, Secretary, Brother A. Timothy; address, by Brother J. Best; address, by Brother F. Bishop; The Past and Present Leadership; address, by Brother H. Hart; address, by Brother Timothy. The president then offered a vote of thanks to his brother officers, members and friends for their co-operation and support. The meeting was brought to a close by the singing of the Ethiopian national anthem, accompanied by Brother A. Timothy on the mandolin. REPORTER. FRANCISCO, CAM., CUBA The usual weekly mass meeting of the Francisco Division was called to ordered by the chaplain, Mr. A. S. Brown, at 7:30 p. m., July 20, 1924. The opening ode was sung, with the repetition of the universal motto, "One God, One Aim, One Destiny." Address by the chaplain, "O Lord, I Am Oppressed." The chaplain kept his audience spellbound for one hour. The acting president then took the chair and based his subject on "Faith" which was listened to with rapt attention. The following program was rendered: Address, "What Are We Thinking?" by Mr. Joseph Reid; solo, Nurse Velvett; address, by the chairman of the trustee board, Mr. C. Budhal, "Choose This Day Whom, Ye Will Serve"; solo, Mrs. James; Miss Gladdis Hermitt, "Do Your Little Bit"; address, by Mr. Hamil, "What Man Has Done"; solo, by the chaplain, "How Sweet." At the end of the program two new members enrolled. The meeting was then-brought to a close by the singing of the Ethiopian anthem. CHRISTOPHER ISAACS. Reporter. A LUCKY MYSTIC RING A beautiful Egyptian ring made of sterling silver, either with an antique design with a Egyptian design or with an antique design with intertwined entrances, set in sterling and encrusted. Its beauty will bring admirers near and encrusted. Its beauty will bring admirers near and encrusted. Its beauty will bring admirers near and encrusted. Food no longer strictly name and address. In Price $19.99, C. O. D. 15c entrances. After 30-day return, with inscription "Egyptian Trading Co.". EGYPTIAN TRADING CO. 99 Park Street New York, N. T. Orders for Cuba, Canada and foreign countries must be made. IMPORTANT NOTICE TO ALL DIVIDENDS and CHAPTERS OF THE UNIVERSAL NEGRO IMPROVEMENT ASSOCIATION, ESPECIALLY THOSE LOGATED IN THE REPUBLIC OF PARAMA; This do so officially inform you that the Fortune Body of the Universal Negro Improvement Association and African Competition, League has revived the chapter of the Census Division No. 11, and has advanced the presidency, Mr. W. K. Browne, to the presidency, mumily C. A. Browd, John Piggin, and James Butty, to come operating in the name of the Association. We beg to advise the public not to have anything to do with these gentle women and to express our hope conservative of the K.K.I.A. BODY. Prepare your entries with your guest so as to be easily read and handled by all participants with the patrolling—the editor, compositor and proofreader. Write only on one side of the paper. JAMES CRAIG. In the New York "Telegram-Mail" The common inheritance of freedom and equality may start all men from scratch in life's greatest handicap, but there appears to be a favored few who draw the choicest positions, and the easiest lanes in which to make the race. The clergyman's son, for instance, has 28 times the chance to succeed in proportion to the whole population as the son of the average man. The professional man's son has sixteen times the chance and the business man's son seven times the chance, while the farmer's boy and the unskilled laborer's must overcome extraordinary obstacles. The boy from a village has a better chance than the boy from either the farm or the city; the youth from one of the older Atlantic States is better off than one from the West, and the best chance of all is for a boy from New York or Massachusetts. Transposing the terms somewhat, the ideal formula of opportunity is to be the son of a clergyman, born in a village in New York and educated in a college of the liberal arts as distinguished from normal schools and technical institutions. Success, as the term is used herein, may mean something or nothing at all, according to the point of view. But it does mean notability, for the figures are based upon analysis of the data furnished by the 25,857 names in the 1924-25 "Who's Who in America." The studies were made by Professor Stephen B. Hulme of the University, and some others. Professor Vlahar gave special attention to the occupations and environments of the fathers of America's notables. He found many interesting things, not the least of which; perhaps, is that the farmer's boy has lost the pre-eminence he held at one period of the country's history. Taking 1870 as about the average birth year of the celebrities, he found that only about 5 per cent. of America's men at that time were business men. 2.3 per cent. were professional men. 23.5 per cent. were farmers. 18 per cent. were skilled laborers and 15 percent were unskilled laborers. But the sketches in "Who's Who" show that 35.2 per cent. of the fathers were business men. 34.3 per cent. were professional men. 23.4 per cent. were farmers. 6.3 per cent were skilled or semi-skilled laborers and 4 per cent were unskilled laborers. Figuring on a proportionate basis, therefore, he finds that the production of these notables was 30 times as great for skilled laborers as for unskilled. 70 times as great for farmers, 600 times as great for business men and 1,400 times as great for professional men. Professional men thus having been established as predominant in the production of notables, Professor Vishar made a still further inquiry, which revealed that the ministry leads all other professions. Of those in the list 11.1 described their fathers as ministers. Others described the parent as "preacher and farmer" but these were ruled out of the classification. Home Training Helped But, in 1870, only four-tenths of one per cent of the country's men were clergymen. About that year one Protestant clergyman in each 15 had a son who later won a place in "Who's Who in America." Hence, in proportion to their numbers, these clergymen contributed about 2,400 times as many 'ominent persons as did the unskilled laborers; 35 times as many as the farmers; four times as many as the business men and over twice as many as the average of other professional men. After discussing the ancient quarrel between the influence of environment and that of heredity, Professor Visher reaches the following conclusion: "On this basis of environment, the conditions revealed by the present study indicate not differences in ability, but instead differences in educational opportunities, encouragement and leisure for construction work. The high rank of clergymen may thus be due to superior opportunities along those lines, supplemented by helpful home training in serious thinking, thrift and expression." Conditions, he admits, have changed somewhat, and he thinks that the children of successful merchants and business men today will have about as much opportunity for education and self-employment as the children of professional men. This whole question of education is surprisingly emphatically another statistical study, whereby it is shown that college training has played a tremendous part in the lives of the men commonly called mountainters. In fact, out of the entire list, only fifty-six percent sons describe themselves as self-educated, and only 331 say they were privately educated. Of the total, 61.20 per cent. were graduates of universities or colleges giving degrees in the liberal arts. If West Point and Annapolis are added, the percentage is 63.67. Those who had some training in such colleges but were not necessarily graduates—makes-up 77.26 per cent. of the whole. There is a sharp drop for those who did-not go to college. Only 1.67 per cent. of the whole is made-up of persons who finished their education in normal and technical schools. Those who quit after the grade schools furnished 8.52 per cent., while those who quit after high school made 7.13 per cent. In proportion to the total population, small cities furnished 2.1 as many notables as the average for the nation; large cities 2.1 times as many, villages three times as many and rural sections only a third as many. That is to say, cities furnished six times as many as the farms and villages nine times as many. Geographically and in proportion to population, New York heads the list for notables furnished the nation, with Massachusetts, Pennsylvania, Ohio, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa and Michigan following in the order named, Virginia, Missouri and Wisconsin, come next, with Connecticut, New Jersey and Maine following. These are the only States which have contributed 500 or more each. JAMES CRAIG. MONTANA, W. VA. I regret to have to report the death of one of our staunchest members in the person of Sister Quincy Dial, of Barton, Ohio. Sister Dial moved to her last residence some time ago, but kept up her membership with this division. She returned to Montana, however, and remained with her parents until she met her on Friday, July 18, last, at 4 o'clock at the age of 29 years. She is survived, by her parents. Mr. and Mrs. J. Dunson; her husband, A. L. Dial, and four children. Eleonora Juunita, Quinoyola and A. L. Dial, Jr. and three sisters and four brothers. REPORTER. Needed Dental Clinic For Harlem Children The license necessary for the opening of the new Harlem Dental Clinic, which is to take place early in August at 202 West. 136th street, was today granted by the State Board of Charities to the New York Tuberculosis Association in behalf of the Harlem Tuberculosis Committee. The members of the North Harlem Dental Clinic Committee are working in close cooperation with the Tuberculosis Committee, and have generously volunteered their services toward this much-needed work. Indeed, these dentists have already been giving free care to children unable to pay, but the number of little patients seeking such help has increased so rapidly that it has been found impossible to treat them all at the private offices. Hence, one of the reasons for Harlem's new dental clinic. The Urban League has donated the space at 202 West 136th street, where the clinic is to be held. The proceeds from a dance given by the North Harlem Dental Clinic Committee in May at Laurel Garden Hall has gone toward this work. The Harlem Tuberculosis Committee is "taking charge," and will assume the burden of running expenses. Where it is at all possible for the child to pay, a fee of 25 cents will be charged for the first visit, and 10 cents thereafter. If there is any little one, however, who finds the nominal fee impossible, service will be given without any cost to the small patient. The dental hygienists, from Public Schools 5 and 88 have referred many children to the new clinic. The Harlem Tuberculosis Committee has a long list of applicants ready, from nutrition classes, etc. Any school child, unable to afford the services of a private dentist, will be eligible for treatment. No longer need the boys and girls of Harlem suffer with bad teeth just because money is not available with which to pay the dentist. Decaying tooth throw poison into the system and tend to undermine the general health of the child. This leads very easily into malnutrition, and sometimes goes one step further into tuberculosis. The members of the North Harlem Dental Clinic, Committee, who are so kindly tendering their services, are: Dr. L. H. Falklauchen, Dr. C. Norman, Dr. Brandon, Dr. W. I. Cummings, Dr. Lolee Cortez, Dr. B. Golymore, Dr. K. McDonnell, Dr. J. B. Delaney, Dr. G. V. Beeth, Dr. Adolph Berger and Dr. Joseph Joffe of Vanderbilt Clinic will act as consulting dentists. Persons wishing any further information are cordially invited to visit the office of the Harlem Tuberculosis Committee at 382 West 19th street, or telephone Broadway 396. BRY A NEWSON REV. A. NEWSON A Delegate from Missis. Rev. A Newson, of Cleveland, Miss., wishes Divisions that he has safely arrived in New York. Thank the Parent Body of the U. N. I. A. for its here, as a member, and delegation. He urges the do all that they are able to do for the grand and U. N. I. A. stands. Rev. Newson, while here as a do of the cause who have promised to give the div their time in the future. elegate from Mississippi cleveland, Miss., wish er arrived in New Y. the U. N. I. A. for its battalion. He urges the do for the grand am on, while here as a do ised to give the divi Rev. A Newson, of Cleveland, Miss., wishes to inform the Mississippi Divisions that he has safely arrived in New York City. He also wishes to thank the Parent Body of the U. N. I. A. for its kind hospitality shown to him here, as a member and delegation. He urges the members of the divisions to do all that they are able to do for the grand and noble cause for which the U. N. I. A. stands. Rev. Newson, while here as a delegate, has met many leaders of the cause who have promised to give the divisions of Mississippi more of their time in the future. TORONTO. CANADA On Sunday, July 17, last, the members and friends of the Toronto Division enjoyed a very excellent program. Miss Edith Matthews was in charge of the program, which was as follows: The singing of the national anthem, "From 'Greenland's' Ice Mountains," by the choir. Address by Mr. Alleyne, in which he asked for the prayers of the person as he left for the convention; solo, by Mrs. Campbell; recitation, by Miss Hodge; duet by the Misses Allen and Clarke; solo, "Have Thine Own Way," Lord, by Mr. Hedges; address, "Thought," by Mr. Maynard; mandolin selection, by Mr. King; duet, by Miss Jones and Johnson; solo, by Miss Dorothy Perkins, "Who Is He in Yonder Stall," accompanied at the piano by her sister, Miss Gladys Perkins, both members of the Juvenile Division; piano solo, by Mr. Prof. Matthews; selection, by Miss Gordon; solo, "Conquering Now," by Mr. Alleyne and Mr. King. Mr. George rendered another beautiful selection, bringing this delightful program to a close. DELEGATES TO CONVENTION TAKE NO 1. The Association has just conclu ments for delegates attending the for Convention with the Central Passeng Certificates will be issued by the C tion offices at the following stations Association territory as follows:— NOTES TO USE CONVENTION BE NOTICE has just concluded ending the fourth Central Passenger arrived by the Centr living stations of follows:— DELEGATES TO U. N. I. A. CONVENTION TAKE NOTICE 1. The Association has just concluded the following arrangements for delegates attending the fourth International Negro Convention with the Central Passenger Association. Certificates will be issued by the Central Passenger Association offices at the following stations of the Central Passenger Association territory as follows: Cairo, Ill. thence Ohio River to Evansville. thence Louisville, Henderson & St. Louis Ry to Louisville. thence Cheesapeake & Ohio Ry to Kenova (see note 1 respecting Louisville & Nashville R.R. traffic between and through Cincinnati and Louisville, and see Note 2 respecting their other branches south of the Ohio River; see Note 3 for exception of Southern Ry. System south of the Ohio River); thence Ohio River Division of Baltimore & Ohio R.R.; Kenova to Wheeling; thence Baltimore & Ohio R.R. to Washington, Pa. thence Pennsylvania System to Pittsburgh. thence Pennsylvania System to Tittucah (including also line of Baltimore & St. Louis Ry to Ry to Kenova (see m between and through their other branch of Southern Ry. Baltimore & Ohio R Ry to Washington, Pa Ry to Pittsburgh Ry to Tittsville (inclu thence Louisville, Henderson & St. Louis RR to Louisville. thence Chesterprake & Ohio RR to Kenova. See note 1 respecting Louisville & Nashville RR. transit between and through Cincinnati and Louisville and see Note 2 respecting their other branches south of the Ohio River; see Note 3 for exception of Southern RR. System south of the Ohio River; thence Ohio River Division of Baltimore & Ohio RR : Kenova to Wheeling; thence Baltimore & Ohio RR. to Washington, Pa. thence Pennsylvania System to Pittsburgh. thence Pennsylvania System to Titusville (including also line of Baltimore thence, Erle R.R. to Buffalo, N.Y. (including line of Erle R.R.; Kennedy to Salamanca, but not including line of Erle R.R. between Salamanca and Dayton, N.Y.) thence to Niagara River. that portion of Ontario reached by the lines of the Michigan Central R.R., Perca Marquette Ry. and Wabaah Ry. (Note 4). the Lower Peninsula of Michigan; thence the Indiana and Illinois shore of Lake Michigan to Chicago; thence Chicago & Alton R.R. Chicago to Poorla, Ill. (including also the line of the Cleveland, Cincinnati, Chicago & St. Louis Ry. Gardner, Ill. to Semeca, Ill.) Senekin, I. to Peoria, & Western Ry. Peoria, Ill. to Burlington, Ia. to Ithaca Mississippi Riser from Burlington, Ia. to Cato, Ia. including H thence Mississippi River from Burlington, Ia. to Cairo, Ill. including Hanibal, Mo. and including St. Louis, Mo. for traffic to, from or through Illinois; (see Note 1 respecting Loulouville & Nashville R. R.) NOTE 1. Following portion of Loulouville & Nashville R.R. is within jurisdiction of Central Passenger Association: Between Loulouville and Cincinnati, and between St. Louis and Evansville with the branches of the St. Louis Division, and as applying to the Ohio River, property, and between Loulouville and points north and east of the Ohio River, via Cincinnati, and between Cincinnati and points on or beyond the St. Louis Division; and TME between Rt. Louis and Evantville proper, and between points on the L. & R. Lines, but the latter do not move over the L. & N. R. R, line, or competency lines, south of the Ohio River; **Tribal between Cincinnati and points south of Louisville, and transit between the St. Louis Division and points south of Evansville is under the jurisdiction of the Southeastern Passenger Association.** **NOTE 2.** Other portions of the Louisville & Nashville R.R. south of the Ohio River are not included within Central Passenger Association territory. **NOTE 3.** That portion of Southern Railway system within Central Passenger Association territory is St. Louis to Louisville, inclusive, and including intermediate points south of the Ohio River are not included in Central Passenger Association territory. (a) Date(s) on which one-way tickets will be sold to the point at which your meeting will be held and on which "Certificate of Certification" certificate will (as required) be mailed by ticket agents to members of your organization and dependent members of their organization, certifying to the purchase of each ticket, July 28-August 6, informative. (4) Last date on which validated correspondence will be accepted, be furnished by student at price at which your meeting will be held. The student must be effective from the date of meeting to original starting point, and on the same date as used on going journey, September 4, 1984. --- The twenty-eighth of June, 1924, was a day of much encouragement among the earnest friends of the Universal Negro Improvement Association at Farm 5, when the Hon. C. H. Bryant, High Commissioner for Panama, Costa Rica and Nicaragua, paid this chapter a visit after a lapse of fifteen months. It was a rival among members. The Liberty Hall was packed to its utmost capacity, while many members and friends listened with rapt attention to the Commissioner's address. A religious service formed part of the meeting. The result of the election of officers was as follows: Mr. Jonathan Lawrence, president and chaplain; Mr. Amos Walters, vice-president; J. H. Smith, general secretary; Isaac Brown, 2nd vice-president, and Andrew Wilbough, treasurer. The meeting was enjoyed by all present, lasting until 11:45 p.m., when it was brought to a close with the singing of the National Anthem and Reheducation. JOHN J. SMITH. General Secretary. BOCAS DEL TORO IMPORTANT NOTICE IMPORTANT NOTICE To All Division Presidents and Commanding Officers, U. N. I. A. and A. C. L. All Commanding Officers are hereby ordered to submit to the Minister of Legions Office, 56 West 135th Street, New York, Universal Negro Improvement Association, at the earliest possible date, a complete list of the personnel of their respective commands. This report will include only the members who are taking a part in the activities of the Association. The following is an example of the form in which the report is to be submitted. Rank Name Age Uniform Schooling Remarks Col. Don, John... 24.6 Yes 6th Grade Active Mil. Willis, Howard... 25 Yes 6th Grade Active Capt. Williams, John... 23.6 No 6th Grade Inactive One of the above reports will be made out for each company. The report for Officers including all the military Officers of the division, will be made out according to their rank on a separate list. The Presidents will be held responsible to the President's General's Office for the exactness of this report. Put an X in front of the persons who will attend the convention and who will be here for the big parade. WILMER J. BOWENSON. NOTICE The Hon. G. Emonei Carter has been appointed Secretary-General to succeed the late Prince-Robert L. Poston, and Sir F. Levi Lord, Executive Secretary of the Detroit Division, has been appointed Auditor-General, to fill the vacant positions as from the 15th inst.-Mr. Wilmouth J. Robinson of the Cleveland, Ohio, Division, has been appointed Minister of Legions, to succeed Capt. E. L. Gaines. PRESIDENT-GENERAL Universal Negro Improvement Association THE BOOK THAT EVERYBODY IS READING Now Off the Press ORDER NOW TO SECURE YOUR COPY "PHILOSOPHY AND OPINIONS OF MARCUS GARVEY" EDITED BY AMY JACQUES-GARVEY First Edition Published by THE UNIVERSAL PUBLISHING HOUSE TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER I. Chapters Propaganda slavery Force Sediment Microseism Presidio CHAPTER II. Nudification Government Evaluation and the Result Power Power Universal Respiration CHAPTER III. Dissertation on Man Race Animation Christianity The Practice of Man Treatise CHAPTER IV. Great Ideas Know No Notionally Purpose of Creation Temptation by Man Know Thyself A Solution for World Power Cause on a War Land The Inner God The History of the Slave Trade The History of the Slave Trade The History of the Slave Trade Lack of Conversation in the Negro State Wildness for the Negro Problem in America The Trap Setting for the Negro Problem White Progression about Africa Bushman Y. Washington's Program CHAPTER V. Statement on Artist Examining Speech Conveying Speech Price: Paper Cover, $1.25; Cloth Cover, $1.75; Postpaid Send in Your Orders Now With Cash, Certified Check or Postal Money Order or Registered Currency to BOOK DEPARTMENT UNIVERSAL NEGRO IMPROVEMENT ASSOCIATION 86 WEST 130TH STREET NEW YORK, U. S. A. On Wednesday afternoon, July 28 and the Monday, Division of John K. N. I. A. published in a newspaper at their Liberty, will be done a charity and- off to their presiding, Mr. K. A. Marti- n, who is a delegate to the fourth international convention of the "Negro Peoples of the World." The meeting was called to order in the usual manner. A delightful program was then resumed us follow: Address, by Mr. M. J. Vanderpol, vice-president; address, by Mr. Rupert Whyn, chaplain; address, by Mrs. Isaac Morgan, treasurer; address, by Mrs. Mel芯洛, who presented Mr. Martin with a purse. Song and prayer was then offered by members and friends. Some of the other speakers of the evening were: Messrs. Henry, Lewis, Thomas, Samuels, Smith, Mrs. Henry, Mrs. Green, Mrs. Markland, Miss Mirmiah Hall. Mr. Martin left on the 7.18 train We regret to know to regret the death of Sir George Goulden, Right and event with respect to death of Mr. Goulden, plus the death of the nation, forced proceedings in the upbuilding of this division. NOTICE We repair Peninsula Press which pubs main Royal to now. Bring or send us, your old pen. LENOX PEN HOSPITAL 541 Lenox Ave. Bst. 127th and 130th St. Plane And Rubber 1779 Mail Orders Preemptly Attended To MOTION PICTURES AND MOVIES FUND OF MEXICO, WITH ADMINISTRATIVE ASSOCIATION FOR 1924-2014-BIG GATHEWING OF MOVIES FROM ALL PARTS OF WORLD The Universal Negro Improvement Association is now operating to the aid of the organization and the study of the minor corporations to do their best to make the convention of 1864 the greatest of all our world conventions. This year the organization is to discuss all of its convention all their vital problems that affect the sum and to lay down a solid base for the industrial education and development of people. This year's convention will afford an image to the other meetings, and will call for the other meetings to accompany the part of the present body of the Universal Negro Improvement Association, hence the appeal is made to each and every one to contribute to our general and operation fund. Let every Negro grow freely as much as he can afford toward this fund so as to assist the Association to carry out the work. All members should collect and send in to the fund. Address all your donations to the Secretary General of the Universal Negro Improvement Association. 50 Ward 180th Street, New York, U. S. A. All donations are acknowledged World weekly. AT YOUR SERVICE HAVE YOUR JOB PRINTING DONE BY THE UNIVERSAL PRINTING HOUSE The House of Utique Work, inviting and dependable. No job is too big or too small for us. Ours is a modern equipped plant. Special Notes to Brotheries, Lodge, Charities and Churches. All work stores our prompt and direct attention. Letterheads, Billheads, Envelopes, Calling Cards, Circulars, Programs, Tickets, Bills, a Specialty WE DO NOT ASK YOUR PATRONAGE BECAUSE OF OUR COLOR, BUT BECAUSE OF OUR SUPERIOR WORKMAN. SHOP. We await your order. Estimates gladly given. THOMAS W. ANDERSON Minister of Labor and Industry DEPARTMENT OF LABOR AND INDUSTRY 86 West 138th Street, New York City # A. Bentley, Porter Bass, Lenn Bass, Lenn Bass, Lenn D. B. M. Macdonald D. B. M. Macdonald D. B. M. Macdonald D. B. M. Macdonald Leon Beas D. Leon Beas A. Bentley, Porter Bass, Lenn James A. Grevy, Macdonald James A. Grevy, Macdonald James A. Grevy, Macdonald Bartin Marcellus, Macdonald Richard Gorman, Macdonald Jennie Moore, McGhee Oswage Hudson, McGhee J. N. Richa, Macdonald J. N. Richa, Macdonald D. A. Sinclair, Macdonay Mrs. C. E. Burrow, Macway Mrs. J. E. Burrow, Macway Mrs. J. E. Burrow, Macway Mrs. I. Gramary, Hardwick Mrs. I. Gramary, Hardwick Juvenile Branch, U. N. I. A. No. Grace McGuire, Asbury Park Aaron McGuire A Friend, Indiana Harbor A Friend A Friend Friends Will Adams Nick Adams Willie Adams Mrs. Emma Green Mrs. Ella Rhodes Grace McGuire, Los Angeles H. Hoxie Mrs. H. Hoxie Mrs. Laura Smith, Philadelphia Mrs. Moes Moody Mrs. Hattie Nolley Mr. Helley Jordan Bertil Heyden John W. Thomas, Chicago E. Thomas W. J. Harrison Moorley Thomas Ann Thomas Mr. C. Johnson, Somerton, Aris. Mr. C. Babely W. H. Brown Edward Lovis Avery Lovis Robert Louis Helen Marusmoites Sterling Owens J. H. Johnson Emma Matthews Julius Larry Walter Isam, Indiana Harbor Willie Lovis Viola Conyers Gussie Morton George Quince Couture Adams C. F. Phillips Joe Johnson Betay Patton Miriam Johnson Rosa Isaac Jennie Isaac Calle Simmons Hattie Bemmans Gel Isaac Ester Williams G. W. Cooper, Washington, D. C. G. W. Cooper, Washington, D. C. Rudolph Noruk Raymond Stewart Wilbert Jones Rodney A. Stewart Mrs. Julia Stewart D. Reid, Los Angeles Clarita Chapter, Bocas del Toro It is great good luck that the Dragon is dead painful for their father is dead. Palmer Cox, creator of the mischievous, honeest little elfs, who are never cruel and never, repeat a prank and who have amused millions of children, died on July 24 at his home, Brownie Castle, at Granby, near Queens, at the age of eight-four. Though he was a bachelor, Brownie Castle is an enormous frame house of many rooms. Children from anywhere were always welcome there, and he had many visitors. Over a million copies of his Brownie Castle have been sold, and the eleventh Company now carries on its list Cox titles, all of which call for frequent reprintings. If addition to his books, he achieved a Brownie play in three acts which was extremely successful. Like William De Morgan, he was almost an old man before he made his first great success. Most of his life before that was the career of a misfit—an artist trying desperately to force himself into business. But fame and fortune did finally come to him, and came as the result of work that he loved. His life reads a good deal like that of his fairy tale; he, a giant of over six feet, was rescued and placed in a position of happiness by the tiny Brownies. And he was always loyal to them, never made them do shabby things, but made them proud. Born in Granby, Province of Quebec, Canada, in a Scotch community, of Scotch parentage, in 1840, he dutifully got through the local schools, including an academy, and set out to make his way in the world. His fingers wanted to draw, but the prospect was not promising. He had no art training he was compelled to make his own living, and North America fifty years ago He was a day in known, going carpentry and probably probably painting might be offered to a young giant with no money, no preparation and no influence. But somebody with eyes Old see some things he drew and told him to study. He attended some sort of art classes at night, and after a while he was doing cartoons and educational rymes for Western newspapers, freaks a volunteer and then as a salarial man. He jumped from coast to coast and set himself up in New York an illustrator, doing funny pictures for other people's text. He used the first Brownies-only a few of them—for that purpose. But here, he knew, was something distinctive, and he wanted to develop it as his line. St. Nicholas the magazine that has carried the first work of so many artists and writers encouraged him to do his own rhyme to accompany his own pictures. The success of the Brownies was instant. They captured the world first from the pages of St. Nicholas and then from his books, which followed at intervals for over thirty years. Palmer Cox was a moralist unashamed... He taught morals to children while he amused them. He had a definite code of conduct: for his Brownies. The old laughmaker in his later years, as he saw the comic strip gaining popularity so fast, regretted that too often the juvenile characters were made to do cruel and abusive things to get a laugh. "No Brownies would ever do that," he said often while he followed the antics of some barbous, little moron in a low-class comic strip. EUROPEANS MAKE ALL THE PROFITS IN EAST-AFRICA In a letter to the circulation manager of The Negro World a friend residing in Nigeria, West Africa, has the following to say about conditions in that rich country: "Nigeria is a great country, a big country, with a population of over 250,000,000 native Africans, as against 4,000 European whites, and that, 4,000 with the Government behind them, dominate the whole country. Whatever they say goes; therefore the natives are powerless in the matter of self-reliance. They cannot do any big thing on their own initiative. When it comes to ordering any merchandise, from foreign ports they can only do small business, and whatever business they are in they will get their goods from an agent in Nigeria at whatever price they feel like selling. "Every European merchant in Europe has an agent in Nigeria. They monopolise the whole country in bringing and taking from this place. The Government and European business men pay the natives very low wages in comparison to the whites. The most illiterate white man over here gets at least £625 per annum, while the most educated native with letters behind his name gets about half or two-thirds of that amount. "Nigeria is very rich, but the white man gets all the benefit now. Right in Lagos harbor there are at least six or eight ships loading every day and night with products of all kinds for Europe. I mean all the year round. And the native man does not know what is being done with this produce. As a friend has admitted to me, they only see it go, and that's all." The Greatest Book Ever Written on the Negro "FROM SUPERMAN TO MAN" BY J. A. ROGERS THE NEGRO WORLD: "This is the read. It gives the Negro a hope tortorial authority that his race founded as large as all Europe and was prolific or sunk in slavery and cannibalism. craft, industry and commerce when the ork in slavery and cannibalism. who had attended Telfe, had travelled had at his Sugar end the answer necessary to prove that his race was not THE BROOKLIN BAGLIM. "From the vindication of the American Negro. Thrilling interest. Witty. Easy to read. $1.55. paper 10c. Write LENOX PUB. CO. 230 286 ENVENY AVENUE. Oxford, MA 01030. NEW YORK, CITY Agents Wrote. Write for Town. ee a ete a eg oe i a a li ae a i al la a a ». PROGRAM FOR BIG CONCLAVE OUTLINED —— a Ss" NEGROES COMING FROM.ALL PARTS OF THE'WORLD.. © 8 a: wht oa _FORMATION\OF NEGRO POLITICAL UNION TO PROTECT /RIGHTS_ OF RACE oe . ee, ; ~ ‘THE-UNIVERSAL NEGRO IMPROVEMENT ASSOCIATION | “INVITES ALL DIVISIONS, BRANCHES, CHAPTERS AND CHURCHES, LODGES, FRATERNAL ORGANIZATIONS; CIVIC’AND UPLIFT BODIES AND. NEWSPAPERS, TO SENI "| +") DELEGATES TO THE FOURTH ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL currants OF THE REGED FeORES OF THE WORLD, TO BE HELD AT Bae pig So SS EBERT Y HALL cee Gat gh oR cat ee ge Te 120 to 140-West 138th Street, New York City ™ ig ah ee yo gg te tS _NEW YORK, UNITED STATES — it | ¢ | _.°. "=" FROM AUGUST 1st TO 31st, 1924. AC mf A oa ‘ pe ele ee ee kt ee ee eee ie ee nee ee cee ne ales Simwes co. ee, Hp Set Me te 7 ee . ALL UNIFORMED UNITS OF UNIVERSAL NEGRO IMPROVEMENT ASSOCIATION IN THE UNITED STAJES ARE REQUESTED TO ATTEND THE OPENING OF THE -CON- . VENTION ON THE FIRST DAY AND JOIN IN THE. PARADE AND DEMONSTRATIONS. ALL MEMBERS. ARE ALSO INVITED TO ATTEND THE OPENING. - _GODSAVE-AFRICA!!£ © rier LONG LIVE AMERICA !!! = _. UNIVERSAL NEGRO IMPROVEMEN? ASSOCIATION — a - . . 5 : — 7 MARCUS GARVEY, President-Genetal- bs es ; * # . o “SRE WES OC Oe VN a aw [ "RELIGIOUS - Raf 1. Discussing the Deification of Jesus as a black Man’ of Sorrows. 7 2. The Canonization of the Virgin Mary as a Negress. : X -‘Fhe Idealization of God: as a Holy Spirit, without physical’torm,.but a Creature of imaginary semblance of the black race, being of like image and likeness. “8 hos sis . ji ; POLITICAL. Sse 1 Discussing the formation of the Negro: Political Union. | 2. The educating of Negroes in‘communities where they form the major- * ity population to rise to the responsiblity of self-government. - - 3. Conferting with the white, nations and with the League of Nations -for an amicable-adjustment of the race issue and for a rearrangement of the .. system under wHich Negroes are governed. 3 4.. Presentation of petition of four million American Negroes on the 6th of August to His Excellency the President of the United States for his consideration of their desire to peaceably build up a country of their own’ in ‘their motherland, Africa. 7 a .: 5.. Presentation of a° similar petition’ to the Senate’ and House of Repre- ~° sentatives. at their next session. Bo . . . 6. Presentation of a similar. petition of two million West Indian Negroes ° in the’ British Isles.to His Majesty King George V. and the Parlia- : \ nent and the House of Lords of Great :Britain. — Loos AGO ns : Ba AMEE oe ent? ot , INDUSTRIAL |" : 1. Discussing “the development of Liberia, Abyssinia and Haiti as inde- pendent -black nations. and. other countries, where Negroes form a majority of the population, i. ¢, Jamaica, Barbadoes, Trinidad, British Guiana. British Honduras and other islands of the West Indies and Africa. * “2. Ways and means of adjusting the race problem of the Southern States “of the United States of America to the satisfaction of all concerned. 3. Ways and means of correctly educating white public opinion to the needs * __ wand desires of the Negro race : . ". . SOCIAL By 1.,, Discussing the educating of the pNegro race. as to the real meaning of society: and laying down the principles that should guide those who are desirous of becoming socially distinctive. * 2 -Creating an atmasphere of purity around the.young generatjon of the _ race, to hefter prepare them for a higher social life. . COMMERCIAL ii ‘ 1. Discussing the linking up of all Negro communities in a trade and comiriércial relationship. . a ‘ _2:, Promotion..of-exchgnge-business enterprises in all Negro. communities. THOUSANDS THRONG LIBERTY HALL AS FOURTH : INTERNATIONAL OPENS WITH: IMPRESSIVE SERVICE - (Continued from page 9) of Zionism a spiritual movement and today ‘the goal: in achieved. the fact acsomplished. Africahinm must _be- come a universal spiritual movement among Negroes. - No ‘Time for Material Foree Let those who will. continue to ad- vocate force as the’ rolitton—and’ to Breach that farce, can be afteetionly by force It smacks of courage. but if it Means more than idle words intended for the gallery, it fs that blind courage which caused. the wild bull. of * the . Western plains ta charge fiercely the speeding railway engine that had re- cently penetrated his undispited do- main Hg pitted nis physical force agatast the, force of steel and stehm and was annihilated. a a Btisa couraye te wot good: strategy. Speaking récently with an official of. Negro college. in-the Southland, where I had been invited to deliver the com- mencement’ address, ‘he Informied me that. bis: beloved. Wife, knowing hie quested him. that fn the event of her betng cffered Mosit by mon ef the other race in thet ection, not to be. tn ‘a barry to ,6le for ber, ne che much rather: prefegred him te live for her. ‘Fite te we time for preaching material feree Pompihiy om: trials and setbacks are Uot's bun to. being we to realtee thal Ae. + vWKGG) movement. and ae &-- -. of nptrteee! force. YNot by might. nor by power, but by ‘My spirit, saith the Lord of hosts.” “Except the Lord build the hoose, thetr Jabor is but lost thet bulld it; except the Lord .keep the city, the watchmen waketh but fn vain.” "The Cause te Alt This is a spiritual movement and ‘that In .@hy /our., @dvéraartés fail to fathom its hold upon us, and style us fools and fanatice’ of Garvey. They think only of-the man and never of the cause. Philosophical as many of them Profess' to be, they have not yet: dle- covered that the spirit of this move- ment which he has fanned into fleme finds its habitat In the heart yearnings of million@of Negroes, that this move- ment possesses an tmmortal germ, and because immorta], sptritua:. The founder himself by: no act of hts, can destroy this movement, and, jong after be shall have passed from labor to reward the work begun by him: shall conttaue Into fruition ané maturity. On the Gay that Moses ptood before the burning- bush ‘to recefve, his : divine commission’ he ineid-tm his hand the chgphiré's rod which he himecif bad mete. That rod was te bring éeliver- ance to hie people and diecomftere te thelr foes, but net unt! he hed cast it down to be consecrated and energized by Gos. Untl that cay he hed word (hat shepheré’s red ta the care of Jethro’s Gecks. Henceforth besemes te wn: Them of WenGerfel echicvansent ... Encouraging ‘travel among and between Negroes of commercial and in- dustrial professions. : EDUCATIONAL © 4 ; : Discussing the formulation of.a code of education especially for Negroes. . ~The censoring of all literature placed in the hands of Negroes. . The educating of the race to discriminate in the reading of all literature placed . inits hands, ; ae ag . The-promotion of an independent Negro literature and culture, ; ‘+ 3 PROPAGANDA . The tabooing of all alien propaganda inspired to destroy the ideals of and thc enslaving of the minds of the Negro. * : i . The disseminating of edueation among the race for the promotior of its own ~ ideals. 2 f a 7 ne si ‘ . CONSTITUTIONAL, & ; . Amending the constitution of the Universal: Negro Improvement Ascociation ~ as found necessary... . Discussing the annual business of the Universal Negro Improvement .\sso- ciation, 6 : a 7 SAUER » aha * HUMANITY = : . Discussing the promotion of a closer bond of fellowship between the black and white races of the world. : 1 _ Discussing, without prejudice, the aims and objects of the Ku Klux Klin Discussing the intra-racial problems of the white race, as they affect the Negra ” Discussing the program of a white Canada, a white America, a white Europ. and a white Australia, as enunciated by ‘white leaders. Discussing the sincerity of the League of Nations as a clearinghouse for the ills of the world. : : . : 4 Discussing France's policy toward the Negro. - Discussing England's policy toward the Negro. : Discussing America’s policy toward the Negro. Discussing the Negro’s share of the spoits of war of 1914-1918. s _ Discussing the-new German demand for the return of certain colonies in Africa that were robhed fram the natives and taken from the Germans durin: the last. war. : a, Discuésingethe honesty of diplomacy in dealing with the lands, liberties atv! rights of weaker peoples. — ‘ Discussing-the forwarding of an appeal.to His Holiness the Pope of Rome His Grace the Archbishop of Canterbury and, the heads of the American churches, as‘ leaders of Christianity, far anjhonest and human settlement of, the problems of humanity, especially as such problems affect the Negro. "An appeal to the Kings of England, Italy, Spain and Belgium and their + parliaments fora square deal for Nepgoes'in Africa and the colonies. for hia race, . The Rod of the U. N. 1.“A. Before the burning bush our leader atanda today, and from the unsinged foliage comer to him x voice, the voire Of the Gog,of his forefathers, the God of Ham, and Cush, and Nimrod: the God of Zerah and Ebedmelech. and Endich of Ethiopia. thus interrogating, ““Marcua Garvey, what ts that in thine hand?" “Reverently he anawers, “A rod —the rod of. the Universal N?gro Im- Provement Arsociatien.”” ‘Than comes the divine mandate: “Cast it down, Garvey,.on the ground before me that I may consecrate jt. Then put forth thy hand dnd take it again unto thee, no lqnghr thy rod, but Jehovah's roa, and go forward to perform with it malghty things for the redemption of thy rece.” God grant thet ha may hear the divine voice, and hearing may com- ply. Negro, in your hand you have carried, the rod for several years, but only to a limited extent han it been of service. Cust it down today at the. fret Of the Omnipotent, and see! fee how the seemingly inanimate and. inert thing becomes instantanebusly a creature Pregvant with life and energy and mo- tion! Cast: down before’ the King Im- mortal and. Invisible this organization to ce baptized With the new birth. and in joyful wonder and leg Asrprise you shell witness the “;ortous dnd victor- town achievements of a}! its aima and edjects. 5 et ws | * 30,Ged, the protector of ail who treet in Thee, .without whom nothing “te strong. nothing ia holy. tacremer and ERtply wpon thie sssoclation thy ees ie Ruide, We may 10 pass through things temporal, that we finally Jose not the things ejernal.” And for our leader We add our earnest prayer. Out of many dangers hast Thou safely brought him, Continue unto the end Thy fatherly und protecting care.” “Endow him, Lord, with faith and race . And courage to endure, The wrongs he suffers here apace. ‘And, Bless him evermore.”—amen. Sone ‘ oo Famous Native Lawyers’ Fa- milies Become. United by Marriage — Successful (Uhrem the “Geld ‘Coast Leader”). * We are pleased to notice that in the Ruccenses at the last Bar Examination of stagenta of the -Innh of Court, nel in“ Lincoin’a Inn Hall, London, oecer peveral Went African .nimes—Charies Egerton-Enyngie, Boavintura Ferreira and Jabril Martins, Criminal Law and Procédure, clase 1—Wilfre@ Jnvideon Carrol: class I12-Henry Josten Light- fect’ Boston, Joergh Boakye ‘Danquah, Sort’ Martme: class Til—Otte: leak: Ewmanse! During, lesec Keshia Rob- ertz. Real Property: and Convey- ancing, clams [1—-Puut Bassey, -Egec deal tor Negroes in. Affica, america and ine Colmes. . - 15. Disciissing the Negro’s attitude in the. next great war. . ioe 16. Discussing the petition of appeal of the Negro Peoples of the World to, the League of Nations for the turning over to them of certain mandatories in Africa now being exercised by alien peaples over the natives. 2 _ BEST MINDS OF THE RACE TO BE PRESENT The-abovg program, will be exhaustively disctisséd at our forthcoming conven- tion, and it is natural to expect that the best, minds Of ‘our race will be sent as rep- resentatives to take part in these discussions. All branches and chaptérs of the Universal Negro Improvement Association and: all other organizations, societies and churches are invited to attend the convention and to take fart in its. penegal- discussions. Delegates, as usual, avill be coming from Africa, Europe, ‘Attia; 'the- - West Indies,South and Central America; Canada and the forty-eight States of the American Union. This will be a big time for the Negro‘race. During the night - _Sessions'of the convention (the convention will be night and day for the thirty- one days of the month of August) several of the prominent white leaders of Amer- fca will speak to the delegates, We are expecting the presence of several Senators, Uangressnten, aud leaders in American ptiblic.ife and education. | oo ¢ 7 NEGRO POLITICAL UNION eo - Among *he important itenis-to be discussed, as outlined by the above program, « will be the formation of the Negro Political Union. This union will consolidate the political forces of the Negro through which the race will express, its political opinion: in America, in the iskinds of the seas and in all cofimonities where the Negra forms a part. ‘The Political’Unien shall represent the political hopes and aspirations of the fifteen million. Negroes of the United States’ of America on . American.questions, domestié to, America; and shall represent the interests of the millions of Negroes of-the West Indies in their different and respective islands alfceting démestic polifical questions, and so alséin the-scattered communities of. ‘Africa, ‘The union shall have a sympathetic relationship politically, with Negroes all aver the world, but cach country or community will have its own domestic pro- gam for the betterment -of the rice, in that country or community: But, the strength of the union shall be given to any community or country to politically assist it in putting over its political program, As, for instance, if the Negroes of Amer- ; ia were, politically agitating or working for the passage of any special measure for ‘the henetit of the race, the entire strength of the union wayld be placed at the dis: posal of the Amefican section, If the Negroes of Trini dest irry out any political measure for the henesit of that community, the union would use its strength in assisting them, and se with any community where the Negroes live through- ont the world, No longer, therefore, will individual politicians represent-the inter- ests of the Negroes, but the Negrocs unitedly will be represented by the Negro Political Union. Let us all. therefore, werk for the st ceessful consummation of the program of the Universit Negro Improvement Association,-so that we may be able to glory ina brighter day industrially, commercially, socially, religionsly and politically. - y Ephraim: cliss -HI—Abtela Akiwumt, Manoel Da Costa, Felix Olatunde Vin- cent, Hindy and Mohammedan Lew, class HL, Axuque Etim Tnyang Final, class IL, sixtie in order of merit, Asito Egbo; class (11, in alphabetteat order, Salako Ambrocius Renka-Coker, Dan- fel Ekanem Esin, and Adegunie Kas- umu. It Ix inferesting to observe the frequency of names which are entirely African as compared with such records In the past. The.name ¢f Mr. Manec! De Costa will ba famihar to Gold Coast people. being the adn af the late Father Da Cesta ef Elmina, at one time Goverment Postmanter ut Cape Cogst. wh» died not very. long ago. Mr. Da Costs hax been in Engfand for a _conniderable length of time and har acquired husiness and other experience, which must stund him tn good stead later on in the service of his country, During the Congress Delegation” in London he was in a position to afford practical yguintance where necexsaty, and he wax among’ the enthusiastic Africans who welcomed the delegation at Cannon Street Hotel under the aus: pices of the African Preareg. Bnign. We call the Hat, of snccesstul Giudents from the colemns of West Africa. ‘From the: same source it ts reported that the wedding took place at Grange U. ¥. Church, Edinburgh, on April 72, ty the Rev. Wiltam Ross, D,.D. of Edlowo, Aweonnr-Renner, M. B. Ch.B. (Kata) Medical Officer, ‘Sierra Leone Government, younger son of tha late WuRem Awoener-Renser, M. D.. of Freetown and of Mrs. Awechor-Ronner ef. Frovtown to. Carmita Agathe. oféer équghter of the late Dr. Wittem Archi- bald Pitt of Nassau, NP. Rahanns, and George ‘Tawn, Demerara and af Mrs Pitt. Our readera will rerosntze that the wedded palr come from two distinguished Afriean parentiges, Dy. Witham Renner being the @der brother: of Mr. Peter Awoonor-Renner. barry: ter-at-law, the leader of.the Gold Const Rar, and the late Dr. Pitt, # auccesstut West African practitioner, yeho made many friends at Cape Coast during his career ax a medical: man among us. It facnoteworthy “that Dr. Edowo Awoon™ or-Renner has taken service an A ‘medical- officer, Sierra Leone Govern- mént. where his%ather fora number of years was colonial surgeon and rose to jhe tha principal medical oMicer, if we ‘are not mistaken. It Is a cucioux thing that the young doctor holding the de- ‘grees of MLB. Ch.B._(Edin.), tm ac- ceptabie to the Sierra. Leone Govein- ment, while Gold Coast African medt- cal applicants holding the same dipte- man are not acceptable to our cal médical eervice except in a juntor po- aition. -We trugt to ree this anomaly removed at no distant date, Dr. Just’s Special Wark In Scientifc Research WASHINGTON, D. C:—Dr. Ernest Everett Just.. of. the Department of Zootosy of Howard University, whe te directing research werk: tn adi- ton ta hie own, han beew making « selection among his students of those of copectal talent tn the fold of svetegy. Ong of these students, a graduate of the class of 1933 Mee A Arlee Yqung. now Instructor fn sectory at Howard, has had accepted for publi! + tion a preliminary paper an her studies ef protoza, one-cell’ animais, Papers by four other students will be puh- Lshed the comiitg fall, “Dr, Juat 1s one of the specialists con- tributing frem original research to a new text book of cellulir structure and sanction for students of bfology and medicing entitled, “General Cytology.” published by the University of Chicaxe Press. It Is the first ‘altigte volume to etate comprehensively the principles that govern cell structure and function. Riving data about the cell fundamental ‘phyalotoy ‘ind pathoiogy.” . | Twelve other spectaliats, represent: ing the leading untversities of the country, will also contribute to tho making of thé next, book. : Dr. Just’s special fetds of research ‘are fertilization, artificly! partheno- Keneala and physiology of development. He hia done special research work a? the Murine. Biological Laboratory at ‘Woods’ sHole. Masnachusrtts, to 9 Fellow in Biology of. the National Re- each Council at Washington, D. C.. and bolle memberahip in several a> tomes dctentific organizations and 8 French: biological soctety. ~ | SSULIN DEVECTIVS scarce sos teas? toed. SumD ranger Important Notice disharmed the black community by the impersonation that bound the black community to the oppression brought upon me and forced glamour. Look Again I mourn the poor mother in the Tampa Bay New York, but I was so lonely then as I was now. I was still hope by the will strength that I had always found and expelled return benefits, but I am so ready now to go back to my home and find you to have you. The jail does not make a criminal, the criminal makes bigish. There are more criminals out of jail than in jail, the only difference in that the majority of those who are put are such shifty criminals that they know how to keep themselves out. They have tried to ignore my name as so as to prevent me from the good that I desire to do in the interest of the race. It amuses me sometimes to hear the biggest crooks in the Negro race referring to me as a criminal. As I have said before, Negro race knows are the biggest crooks in the world. It is because of the chopping that they have not made more perverse. If you think I am not telling the truth in this direction you may quix or quix any of the white political bosses, and those who will tell the truth will reveal a tale most shocking as far as our Negro leaders are concerned. This is true of the group of fellows of our race that lead universally as well as nationally. They will sell the souls of their mothers and their country into perdition. That is why the Universal Negro Improvement Association has to make such a fight, and that is why the opposition is as hard and marked. You can pay the Negro leader to hang his race and block the souls of self-help that he not commonly so earnestly earn. You must give credit to the great white race, to the extent that they will fight among themselves, that they will cheat each other in business, but when it approaches the future and destiny of the nation, it must immediately called. Not so with the Negro, he does not know and where to stop in hurting himself. Reorganizing the Race I repeat that we -must reorganize ourselves as a people if we are to go forward, and I take this opportunity as you assemble yourselves here from all parts of the world to sound the warning: note. To prepare the work of our association for the past two years, is to account the exploite of a continuous struggle to reach the top. Our organization has been tested during the past two years beyond that of any other period in the history of Negroes. I am glad to say, however, that we have been able to harbor and all the handicaps placed in the way. Some of our enemies thought that our would have been able to retain our movement when I was convicted and sentenced to prison. They had depended upon that as the trump card in their effort to crush the new spirit of freedom among Negroes, but like all such efforts, it was doomed to failure. I will bring to memory a similar effort made a little earlier in the war when qa Calypso's mount the Jews, after insisting the Romans, attempted to crucify the man, Christ, the leader of the Christian religion. They thought that after the crucifixion, after He was buried, that they would have silenced the principles of Christianity forever, but how successful they were is made manifest today when we find hundreds of millions of principles for which the man died of Calypso's cross. As in the rise of Christianity, no do we have the spiritual rise of the Universal Negro Improvement Association throughout the world. They tried to crucify it in America, and it has risen in Africa a thousand fold. They tried to crucify it in the American continent, and it is now sweeping the whole world. cannot crucify a principle; you cannot crucify it; you cannot imprison it; you cannot bury it. It will rise like the spirit of the Great Redeemer and take its fight down the ages, until men far and One of the Universal League Improvement Association are stronger today than we ever were before. We are stronger in being strong, strong in determination; we are more in every direction; we are more in facing the world determined to serve out and find a place for the four hundred millions of our suffering people. We call upon humanity everywhere to listen to the cry of the new Negra. We ask the human world to help us. Africa's sun cannot be downed. Africa's sun is rising, gradually rising, and soon he shall take his place among the brilliant constellations of nations. The Negro wants a nation; nothing less, nothing more. And why shouldn't we be nationally free, nationally independent, nationally unfettered? We want a similar nationality to that of the English, the French, the Italian, the German, to that of the white American, to that of the yellow Japanese; to that of the black African government. We can realize that the American in a short will not be large enough to accommodate two competitive rivals, one black and the other white. Black Man's Aspirations There is no doubt about it that the black man of America today aspires to the White House, to the Cabinet, and to the Senate and the House. He aspires to be head of State and municipal governments. What are you going to do with him? He cannot be satisfied in the midst of a majority group that seeks to protect its interest at all hazards; then the only alternative is to give the Negro a place of his own. That is why we appeal to the sober white minds of America and not the selfish ones. The selfish ones will see something more than the immediate present will see the result thinking white man will see the result fifty or one hundred people, when the people will be brought together in closer contact of rivalry. As races we practically represent a similar intelligence today. We have graduated out of and, passed through the same schools, colleges and universities. What can you do with men who are equally and competently fitted in mind but give them an equal chance? And if there is no chance of equality there must be dissatisfaction on the one hand. That dissatisfaction we have in our midst now. We have it manifested by W. E. B. Dixholz, by James Weldon Johnson; we have it manifested by the organization known as the NAACP Association for the Advancement of Colored People, that seeks to bring about equality and political equality and individual equality, things that are guaranteed under the Constitution, but, whichever, in the majority race, we cannot demand a cause of the terrible odds against us. In the midst of this, then, what can we do but seek an outlet of our own, unless we intend to fight a losing game? Reason will dictate; there is no benefit to be derived from fighting always a losing game. We will lose until we have completely lost our stand in America. The Period of Self-Protection To repeat myself, we 'talk about progress. What progress we have made when everything we do is done through the good will and grace of the liberal white man of the present day?' But can he always afford to be liberal? Do you not realize that in another few decades he will have on his hands a problem of his own—a problem to feed his own children, to take care of his own flesh and blood? In the midst of that crisis, when he finds not even enough to feed himself, what will become of the Negro? The Negro nation will be able to give way and make room for others to live better prepared to live. That is the better men and that is why we have the Universal Negro Improvement Association. The condition that I have referred to will not only be true of America and of Continental Europe; it will be true wherever the great white race lives. There will not be room enough for them and for others who seek with How to come out of the future to hear the cry of Christ for the Great God, both the监督管理局, and the监督管理局. And in the Aviation, and we raise the cup of Africa for the African-those at home and the great abroad. That is why we ask England to be fair, to be just and consistent with what we ask France and Italy. Speak and Belgium to be fair. It is and a considerate that is why we ask them to let the black minந்தour himself to his own country; and that is why we are determined to see it done. No camouflage and no promise of good will will solve the problem. What guaranteed have we, what lease have we on the future that the man who treats us kindly today will perpetuate it through his son or his grandson to Ability to ProtSet Self Race and people are only safe guarded when they are strong enough to protect themselves, and that is why we appeal to the four hundred million Negroes of the world to come together for self-protection and self-preservation. We do not want what belongs to the great white race or the yellow race. We want only those things that belong to the black race. Africa is ours. To win Africa we will give up America; we will give up our claims in all other parts of the world; but we must have Africa. We will give up the vain desire of having a seat in the White House in America, of having a seat in the House of Lords in England, of being President of France for the chance and opportunity of filling these positions in a country of our own. That is how the Universal Negro Improvement Association differs from other organizations. Other organizations, especially in America, are fighting for a political equality which they believe is the face of a majority opposition. We win so much today and lose so much tomorrow. We will lose our political strength in the North in another few years, as we lost it in the South during reconstruction. We fill one position today, but lose two tomorrow, and we have been completely obliterated from Western civilization. Changes Among Negroes gold, and we are many, many gauding that claim to the throne of white justice. We are told that God's throne is white, although we believe it to be black. But if it is white, we are placing our plan before that throne of God, asking him to so break the humble of age and history that things that are pure, or it was right to yield to Caesar the thing that were Caesar's. Let Us Be Fair As we deliberate on the many problems confronting us during the month of August, let us not lose control of ourselves; let us not forget that we are the guardians of our, hundred millions; let us not forget that it is our duty to so act and legislate as to help humanity everywhere, whether it be black or white. We shall be called upon during this month to take our certain matters that are grave, but dispassionately we shall discuss them; and whenever the interest of the different race groups clash, let it be our duty to take the other fellow's feelings into our consideration. If we must be justly treated, then we ourselves must treat all men similarly. So, let our prejudice cause us to say or do whatever we want, and let white man, or the yellow man; let us realize that the white man has the right to live, the yellow man has the right to live, and all that we desire to do is to impress them with the fact that we also have he right to live. (Applause.) Flattery Is Easy At this moment I want to pass from my set speech. Let me further explain. We of the Universal Negro Improvement Association, as I stated before, have no desire to flatter the people. It could have been pleasant and easy for me to come here tonight and tell you, recount to you the progress that we have made in America, the progress that we have made in the West Indies and in the Western World. But, men when we so nicely come to consider the question of our progress, when we come to consider the problem in this country and in the world today, when we come to consider that men everywhere wrestling for the possession of the survival of the fittest, you will also realize that this is no time to flatter 400,000,000 Negroes. I could come here tonight and paint to your roses pictures of the future of America, where the Negro is concerned. I could paint to you the day when some Negro from this community would become Senator for the senatorial district of New York. I could paint to you a rosa picture of 10, 20, 50 years from now the Negro becoming Secretary of State or a member of the this great country. But it would be will a dream and we of the Universal Negro Improvement Association are not wagging our time dreaming for the impossible. We are dreaming, yes, but we are dreaming for the possible; we are dreaming for the possibility, of an African nation, one and indivisible. Struggle Between the Races "We can see the day, and not far distant, in America, just another fifty years, another one hundred years, where there is going to be, a titanic struggle between the competitive races that have their domicile in this country, especially where the line is so suddenly drawn as between black and white. I speak in that way. Because I can see, when white men in an overcrowded population, in an overcrowded nation are facing the bread-line of starvation, when there will not be enough for themselves economically and industrially, when it will be the duty and responsibility of every race and every people to root for themselves. That is why the period comes in the life of the American Negro, is where the danger zone comes in the life of the western Negro. What do you think the great nations of Europe and of America are building battleships for? What do you think they are training and preparing big armies for? For the titanic struggle for the survival of the fittest. Somebody is bound to die in the world in another 100 years, 200 years, 300 years to make room. The man who cannot defend himself is the man who is bound Alphonse. And because we of the United States Improvement Association want the Negev to decide that is why we are preparing him for nationhood in Africa so that he can stand firm in his creation that God Almighty has given us and enjoy its beauties and its benefits co-equal with the rest of God's people. Marcus Garvey and Jail Marcus Garvey and Jail We have been brutally criticized, we have been brutally, condemned, we have been brutally and wickedly harassed by narrow-minded, selfish men and women within our ranks. I am here tonight to blame the white man for what happened to me or the Universal War Improvement Association. It was the war that caused Marcus Garvey to jail. It was the white man's duty to get rid of Marcus Garvey. It was the white man's duty to send Marcus Garvey to hell as quickly as they could get him there because it was a fight for existence between people. But the individual I cannot forget, the individual I can not forgive, the individual I can not understand the Negro himself who constitutes himself a stumbling block in his own progress. It is natural that the white man would want to send Marcus Garvey to jail for five years to prevent Marcus Garvey landing 400,000 Negroes to a free and redeemed Africa, because white men have their eyes on the goldfields, on the diamond Bale, on the radium deposits, the lion deposits of Africa. A white jury and a white judge, because we would not only send Marcus Garvey Leavenworth, but to jail. And I don't blame them for doing it. I am reasonable to say that and feel it. If I were a white man, I would send everything to hell that did not look like me that stood in the path of my program and since I am not Chinese, since I am not Japanese, since I am not Turk, I am going to send everything to hell that stands in the way of 400,000 Negroes. (Applesauce.) I was in jail last August. I am apply to go back to jail or call for the Universal Negro Improvement Association. (Agreement) Some men make a big note about jail. Every time they write about the Universal Negro Improvement Association they my Narrator, Slover was sentenced to jail and of all men, his newspaper, he let go to jail. Now you tell him that we do not do a whole thing and we do a whole thing jail. Now Gayrury does not give a damn about jail, when it comes to the announcement of $40,000,000. Niggers. (Agreement.) Can Not Impress Liberty As I am constituted, as I am made up at this hour I am prepared to make the supreme sacrilege for the salvation of this generation of Negroes and those that shall follow. I am willing to make the sacrifice that Robert Emmet gives peace to the Negroes and am willing to make the sacrifice that McSwiny made for a free and independent Ireland. I am willing to make the same sacrifice that Gandhi made and is willing to make for a free and independent India. (Applause.) The jail can not encase the real spirit of liberty. Didn't they try to imprison the spirit of Egyptian liberty by imprisoning them and sending him into exile. And when after a few years? The English have found out that they could not exile Egyptian freedom and Egyptian liberty; they had to bring back from exile Zergui Peaha, and he is today Premier of an independent Egypt. They tried to imprison the spirit of liberty in India by sending Gandhi to jail for six years, and the English, after two years, sent the Indian lord and the Englishman is the most handsome fool the world has ever seen. The English have been handling peoples, handling races and nations for hundreds and hundreds of years, and up to now they are playing the fool, but if they continue to play the darned, fool with 400,000,000 Negroes (applause) the sahes of Rome will be nothing to be compared with the sahes of England in another few years if they continue to play the damned fool with 400,000,000 Negroes. Let them send Marcus Garric to jail or to prison now; Marcus Garric will be sent to prison or jail; he will continue to inspire until he has won the cause of liberty. Jail and prison. The jail does not make a prisoner; the jail does not make a criminal; the man makes himself what he wants to be. You all, know how Marcus Garvey went to jail. He was sent to jail because of the machinations of those Negro politicians who wanted to destroy my influence in Harlem and in Chicago, and to destroy the Universal Negro Improvement Association. The Universal Negro Improvement Association is here to live and is willing to be crucified even as the principles of Christianity were crucified on Calvary's Mount over 1,900 years ago. So are we willing to have the principles of the Universal Improvement Association crucified even as Garvey is the first to face the crucification he is ready at any hour. "Somebody Must Die" Men. I speak this way because I feel this way. The world may try to fool others, but the world cannot fool Marcus Garvey. (Applause). The world cannot hand Marcus Garvey a thousand dollars, ten thousand dollars, one million dollars and tell Marcus Garvey it is all right for you and the rest of the race, because I know it is not I know the world is preparing that somebody must die. That is what I know. And the world is not going to tell you that openly; you have to find that out. For yourselves. We have found that you can take such a stand now. Somebody will in another 200, 300 or 500 years to make room for the strong majority that must survive, and if You Negroes don't look out in the 20th century, you are dead, dead as a hit in the 21st century. Do you understand what I mean? I mean this: In another 200, 300 years there will not be room in this world for everybody; there will not be enough food in the world for everybody. From a common sense point of view, if half a dozen men live in this house and the regular supply of food is enough for everybody and after that, or a month it threatens that the people will not be enough food for everybody, but only suffice for it means this, that those three who have developed sufficient muscle power to resist successfully when the scramble comes, those three will survive and the rest will go down. The other three will have to starve. That is a common sense portrait of what I have in mind. In another 200 or 300 years the overpopulated will be so highly strong and competitive there for everybody, and the stronger, forces wrest what they want from the weaker forces. That is why Japan is preparing: that is why China is preparing: that is why Marcus Garvey is raising the cry of emancipation for 400,000 black men and that of a free and independent Africa. (Applause). And if you Negroes sit down in America, in the western world, and refuse to give moral, cultural, educational, scientific and financial help to the native Africans so that they may successfully re-enter the penetration by an alien world, so that they may preserve their country, if you sit here superimply by and through France, Italy, Spain, Portugal and Belgium, it is only a question of another 25 years when Africa will be another white men's country and sphere of influence. If you adopted Negroes refuse to set new, Africa, in another 20 years, is going to be what America will now. If Negroes sit down in this century and generation and do not set another 100 years if you find 2,000 Negroes in Africa you will be rather fortunate. The North American Indian Do you know what has become of the North, American Indian? The people who were so successful here With the help of the, Shahbaz has been worked with universities, their students with the dept. and the few who survive, we will on reservations in Ghana. If you don't know me, you will be on the campus as an servant for a career build in our city. "Those people level 200 years ago, and on June in Nairobi Survey Show, we long the power of our people, are here as there in a God and a Crit- acter, the world will be a Christian, with the principles of the Universal Government Association. (Ar- varius) I may say the world I am willing to throw myself into the faws of death into the furnace of hell for the salvation of the race of ours, as I see it. And it are fair and honest to the point that I will not neglect the white man do for me just I should do for my self. I would be crazy to believe that Calvin Coolidge would get, out of the White House and give me the position when he no badly want it. I would be a big fool to believe that Alfred Smith will get out of Albany and set it free. And I would be the man that Mr. Hylan will vacate the mayoralty and give it to me. And any Negro who foesdes that hope is a daydreamer and a sky-gazer. That is what Du Bais is trying to tell us, that the time is coming, through the N. A. A. C. P., when the Negro will be governor of the State of New York, when a Negro will be an occupant of the White House. That Negro is only making up the minds of white folks to kill all the Negroes here. What white men in America, do you think, would stand for a Negro being President, for a Negro being Governor of the State of New York, for a Negro who find white men will go on to the platform and say: "You know, I believe the Negro should be Governor of the State of New York, President of the nation." You will find white men such as the white men leading the N. A. A. C. P. willing to say that, but sometimes men play the fool to become wise. One of these white men who talk about social equality means it and could mean it. He would be a traitor to his race. You tell me that Moorefield Store believes in social equality. I would like to engage with store owners and marry her new week. And but you that in spite of all Moorefield Store's professions, when my proposal reaches his drawing room he will get the same spirit as the cracker down in Georgia. Knowing that, theresfore, whom can they fool? They will fool everybody else but Marcus Garvey. Faulish to Expect It is unnatural, it is unreasonable to expect white men to deprive themselves of the things they want and give them to someone else. It is unnatural and foolish to expect yellow men to do the game, and any Negro who entertains such hopes is crazy and looking for life in the New Jerusalem, which is not now. If you were white you would not do it. If I were a white man do you think I would desert my family and see them survive and give it to you? And that is why. I consider the past two generations of whites as being helpful, because they do what they would do to do now, what they would not do in the next generation. If you Negroes continue to depend upon the good will of the white man you will find yourself starving in another 25 or 50 years. Now, listen! while I tell you of some of the statements of some white men that they do not usually publish. If you Negroes do not look out there will be more Negroes dead in the next ten or twenty years without a rope around their necks, without a shot being fired at them, than died within the last 500 years even under the brutal institution of slavery. The Negro is so dependent on his father that he death in thirty days. There is a peculiar disease coming now that is going to be peculiar to Negroes algee. Remember, you are living in a highly strung and organized age—a scientific age. You must have heard of the sleeping sickness, the cholera and the flu, and all those different epidemics. Now let me tell you that a certain disease is coming later on that is going to be peculiar only to Negroes. That disease is starvation and it suggests a peculiar movement of the bowels. They are going to find food in the Greek name. When men cannot find work, what happens to them? If they have no earning, no purchasing power what will happen to them in an organized age like this? If you cannot purchase your flour, sugar, tea, coffee, your potatoes and your pork chops, you know what, is going to happen. What Shipa Suggest Negroes, take my advice. This is going to happen perhaps in another ten twenty, or perhaps fifty years if you do not look out now by making a powerful industrial position. You will be helplessly dead. Do you know why I was indicted and incarcerated? If it because we attempted to float the Black Star Line? It was not the question of the mail-it was the purchase of the boat. Do you know what ships the government was promoting to suggest the promotion of industry, the carrying on of commerce. And any race that is powerful today, any race that has ever been powerful in human history, was a race that had, r. strong commercial and industrial background. Take that away from England, and the great British empire falls. Take that away from America, and our nation falls. When the Negro through the U. N. I. A. was about to constitute him, the government was power in the world those forces combined against me to make it an impossibility. But men, you must not count ourselves as they appear. We did not fall in the Black Star Line; that is why I can be happy. The Black Star Line was a means, an avenue to connect the birth and hearts and minds of millions of black men and women the world over. And to help them, we must brighten, and most help African men brighten, and most help African women brighten, and most help brighten Through the Black Star Line, the value of his commodities and we will give their support and encouragement from some of the most famous birth homes and private schools of Europe. They were joined by U. N. I. A. with almost all the support the new president has to deliver a rosary and Garvey's policies and the white and black schools and popular, Mr. White, take up the business your own business. The British government and the Apprentices. Your Baptist and Harvons who have been sent to the Court of the James did not they down budge the British King for British social message? It is not a fact that our millionaires spend their fortunes to buy tiled in England and Germany? They what in hell are you talking about? You talk about Garvey wearing red robes, etc. Before you talk about red robes go and tell the Archbishop, and the Pope to take off their purple and red robes. They talk about Garvey's gold braids. Didn't you be King George the other day in his gold braids, fuse up like a woman? They would be wearing red robes. The Garvey will take off his uniforms as Provisional President of Africa. Gentlemen, you cannot put over your stuff that way. You have to come clean. You put it over our father's 50 or 100 years age because they did not know better. You cannot put it over the present generation because we have passed through the same high schools, the same colleges and universities, and have read the same textbooks of political and economic science. Talk about Garvey and his royality, tell King, George to get rid of his royalty and then we will consider getting rid of ours. Their royalty served a purpose. For hundreds of years the royalty of England served the purpose of inspiring Englishmen to national and racial patriotism, upon which the British Empire was built. We are going to try this, and when we succeed in cultivating these sentiments in our people we may think otherwise. England did not start off with a democracy, with a labor government. The British Empire did not start that way. They had to train the minds of the people before they let them booze. If we do not look out, the people will destroy American institutions, because we have no ideal of the people, and those ideals here the ideals' of patriotism, the ideals of nobility, the ideals of character, some of the men who are gambling in Wall Street would not be doing so. But because there is no other ideal to inspire them to build up character, they make the dollar the mark, and that is why Morgan' gambles with the finances of the people of the country, at the same time calling Garvey a crook, saying he has robbed' his people. You talk of the wealth of Morgan. Where in hell did 'Morgan' get the money from the poor people who put their' money' in his banks, with which he gambles. 'Man,' there are more things in heaven and earth than are dream of in man's philosophy." I won't tell you everything about what I go back to jail. I will have time to write many things. My firm purpose, my one purpose in life, is to work for the salvation of my race. Because of the cries from the grave—I hear the cry of 300 years, the cry of my great-grandparents in the cotton fields, and in the cane fields. I see the hard taskmaster drawing his lash across their backs; I hear them cry out in mortal agony: "I pains; I baints; I baints!" I see them fall under the lash: I see them fall to the ground; I see them buried, and I hear the, waiting souls from heaven and from the regions below. I hear the cry of my mother and father and of the millions of Negroes who have been brutalized: "Go on, Garvey! Go on, Go on!" And so, gentlemen, because of that cry that comes from the grave, I have given up all material desires; I have given up all technical pleasures and have dedicated myself to the sacred principles of the U. N. I. A. the emancipation of the Negro race, and a free and redeemed Africa. (Applause.) Do not misunderstand me. It may not come today; it may not come tomorrow; it may not come for five, ten, twenty or fifty years from now. But sooner or later it will come to those who desire liberty. With the rest of the members of the historic words of Patrick Henry; "I care not what others may say, but as for me, give me liberty, or give me death." Not Attacking Others Do not misunderstand me as we ap- stake ourselves. Do not misunder- stand me to believe that I am making an attack on the white man or the black man. I am not. I am not inter- tested outside of the Negro race, excep- t where a larger humanity comes in, and we know to what extent that comes in now. The larger humanity will cause a man to give to the other fellow that which he does not want im- mediately. That, is his limit. There is no Jesus in the world now outside of the Jesus who is in heaven. Jesus does not walk around now. Why a cop would arrest him if he attempted to. We are living in a highly strung, or, I may say, a barbarous age, when men grample for that which they want just as the lion would go out and devour the sheep or to satisfy its appetite. That is why we move slaves for 300 years; that is why now we are industrial and economic slaves. And so I want you to understand that my purpose in life is for the higher idealism of the black man, which you will realize when you attend the convention from Monday for 31 days and nights. I thank you for the support you have given the association for the past six years, and especially for your, when they tried to honorize me and reward me here to do something. Today the U. M. L. A. accepts a volunteer amount the races and nations of the world, and tonight, as you contribute to the fund, I agree repent my thesis and appreciation. God bless you. (Lord and protegued applause.) SECCIÓN EN ESPAÑOL or La Asociación Universal para el Adelante de la Buen Nogra 54-58 Oeste, Calle 18X, Ciudad de Nueva York, N. Y. PADR. M. A. PUJERONA RAYO Apertura de la cuarta convención internacional de nuestro paciente—Programa del primer de aquertó—La vez de nuestra raza se dejará escuchar alrededor del mundo— Espíendida representación universal—Nuestro movimiento adelanta en su camino apesar de la labor malefica de los enemigos de la organización Grutas impresciones de viaje El terror, presidencia general de nuestra organización, honorable Redolph Smith, acompañado de su señora sopa, recorrido la República de Cuba visitando las divisiones de la Habana; Morón, Ciego de Avila, Florida, Camaghey, Bardez, Santiago, Guantánamo y Jatibonico, regresando a la Habana de donde parte el 30 del país para su cuartel general en esta ciudad. En cada ciudad y División que visitó fué recibido galantemente por los hijos de胺uelo patrio y otros miembros de esta organización. El gobierno de la provincia de Camagüey dio la bienvenida a nuestro ilustre huesped en la División de Camagüey, e hizo grandes elogios de la labor de la Asociación Universal, para el Adelanto de la Raza Negra, manifestando además que daria la la organización toda oportunidad para celebrar sus manifestaciones publicas. Fué digno de grandes aplausos y su discurso fué interpretado en ingles para satisfacción de todos los concurrentes. A su entrada y a su salida del local, el gobierno fué escortado por una comisión de las auxiliares de la División, en compañía del honorable Fiscal de胺uelo distrito. El primero de agosto, día en que abrió sus puertas el Liberty Hall de esta ciudad a la cuarta convención internacional de los pueblos negros del universo, ha sido un gran día de jubilo para nuestra organización y una fecha de recuerdo impercederó para la historia de nuestra raza. A las diez de la mañana se reunieron en el local, gallardamente decorado, todas las representaciones, oficiales y miembros de la organización, para celebrar los servicios religiosos, apertura del gran conclave; a la una del día partido de nuestro cuartel general la gran parada, en la cual desfilaron los centenares de presentaciones de nuestras divisiones, y a las ocho, de la noche se llevó a cabo, en uno, de los puntos mas centricos de la ciudad, la gran recepción a la que asistió lo mas seleto de nuestro elemento. A su regreso a la ciudad de la Habana, el honorable Smith fue presentado a un gran número de cubanos prominentes en el Cuban Tennis Club. Debemos dar especial, mensión a la amabilidad de la Dra Consuelo A. Serra, profesora de inglés por oposición de la Escuela Normal de la Habana, quien tradujó en esabaló uno de sus discursos. Los delegados y representantes estan encarriados ya en la labor que les ha sido encomendada y el mundo civilizado dirije sus miras hacia el Liberty Hall de la ciudad de Nueva York, sitio donde celebra su cuarta convención internacional la representación de los cuatrocientos millones del elemento de nuestra raza. Juzgando por la expresión del nuevo sentimiento del negro del presente, en un mundo que ha sido agitado extremadamente por las razas y por las naciones en persecusión de seguridad y de protección, la Asociación Universal para el Adelanto de la Raza Negra ha convocado a la representación de la raza, para que decida de una vez y para siempre nuestro status político: si hemos de retroceder, permanecer inertes 6 de un modo unisono afrontar al mundo con un programa definitivo. La corresia extendida a nuestro ilustre viajero a su senora esposa a través de la República de Cuba, no será nunca olvidada, principalmente en tales ciudades como Guantanamo, Camagüey, Moron y la Habana. Todo ello pone de manifiesto la actitud de cooperación de parte de nuestro elemento. sea-cual fuere su nacionalidad o procedencia. En nombre de la Asociación Universal para el Adelanto de la Raza Negra, el honorable Smith desde lo más profundo de su alma envía una nota de gratitud a aquella república, en la esperanza de tener la satisfacción de poderla.visitar de oriente a occidente, para regocijar de nuevo la hospitalidad de que fue objeto. Y nosotros desde este nos placeriamos en reintegrarla a todo hijo de aquel suelo hospitalario que visite esta parte del continente. No nos cabe la menor duda que durante este mes la representación de los pueblos negros del universo reunida en el Liberty Hall de esta ciudad, ha de coordinar un programa eficiente, el cual ha de dar un giro satisfactorio a la situación actual de nuestra raza, en lo que respecta al sentimiento universal en su contra. Queremos, que se vea allí demostrada, de parte de los delegados y representantes, la entereza de caracter y la convicción por la realización del ideal sacrosanto de nuestra organización. Así a la clausura de esta magna reunión internacional de la representación genuina de nuestro pueblo, veremos añadida una nueva página de gloria a los anales históricos de nuestra raza. Nueva era de paz El señor E. C. Joubert, exministro dominicano del gobierno de la ocupación militar, y del provisional salió para Santo Domingo para fijar alli su residencia. El no ha trazado planes de sus actividades futuras. Al concluir sus servicios, se manifesta optimista acerca del futuro dominicano. Me siento complacido, dijo que de las cosas hasan tomado su curso normal en la República Dominicana. Con esto quiero decir algo más que el mero establecimiento del gobierno constitucional. Quiero decir la buena inteligencia que existe ahora entre la República Dominicana y los Estados Unidos y esta buena inteligencia nos ayudara a progresar sin utteriores dificultades. El ministro predijó-que eliminado el temor de complicaciones internacionales, los dominicanos procedían rapidamente al desarrollo de las relaciones económicas y otras. La situación comercial dominicana no ha sido hasta aquí satisfactoria debido al indefinido status político durante el prolongado regimen del gobierno provisional, organizado para preparar la retira de las tropas de los Estados Unidos. Esto trajo naturalmente la timidez en el fomento del comercio. Abrigamos la esperanza de queel presente y el próximo serán dos años de grandes realizaciones en la historia de nuestro movimiento, y nos vanagloriamos ya por el exito obtenido como recompensa, de nuestro grandes esfuerzos y de nuestro mayores sacrificios. Nuestra organización es altamente conocida universalmente; hombres, razas y naciones nos observan a cada paso y hemos de actuar en este gran conclave como los verdaderos representantes de nuestro pueblo. Hemos de demostrar al universo entero que revestidos del nuevo espíritu de determinación, hemos de luchar hasta llegar a la meta de nuestros aspiraciones perecer en el fragar de la contienda. Los enemigos de la raza han tendido su redes, pero estas han de ser destruidas por el fuego solar de la estrella de nuestro destino; sin prestar mayor atención a los que estos digan o hagan, hemos de continuar en la batalla con gran firmeza hasta que la victoria corone nuestro glorioso estandar. No hemos de admitir parlamento ni habrá un paso de retroceso para nuestro movimiento; reconocemos un solo deber y este es el continuar hacia adelante, afrontando toda opúsición y contrarrestando toda propaganda perversa, inspirados por nuestra nueva determinación. Del mismo modo que la fuerza unida de las naciones aliadas durante la última contienda universal no permitió el paso al enemigo, esta organización ha de fortificaree con la unión de sus fuerzas y en su camino de avance colocará su bandera blanca, roja y verde en el firme mastil del templo de la libertad. Ahora viene una era de paz y desarrollo, dijo el ministro. La República Dominicana tiene buques caminos dondequiera. Hay una fuerza de policía bien organizada y el sentimiento del país es por la paz y la prosperidad. El fue ministro de Santo Domingo en Washington desde 1920, enrique anteriormente habia sido representante de la Republica Dominicana en los Estados Unidos. Se ha militariizado con todos los presidentes, desde McKinley hasta Coolidge. Fué encargado de negocios durante la administración del primero; ministro residente bajo Roosevelt; ministro penitenciario bajo Wilson. Su sucesor, el señor José del Carmen Ariza, está actualmente en Washington. A aquellos que creen que facilmente pueden destruir los planes de esta organización, hemos de advertir que se preparen a experimentar la lucha mas tenaz de una raza por el reconocimiento de sus derechos. El espíritu de nuestra organización ha unido el Africa, las Antillas, centro, sur y norte America en un sólo haz de la raza para que el negro sea libre; ha reunido la representación de nuestro elemento de esas regiones en asamblea magna para que defienda los sagrados principios de justicia y de confraternidad, por medio de los cuales hemos de guiarnos y hemos de ascender a la caupide de nuestra idealización. Otro partido en la lucha Los que formamos parte integrante de esta organización no hemos de ser bajo concepto alguno, injustos con ningun individuo, raza o nació; todo cuanto demandamos es la consideración por igual en un sentido humano. Durante el presente mes de convención haremos que nuestra voz desde el Liberty Hall de esta ciudad, repercuta en los cuatro puntos del globo; hemos de demostrar que el negro vive adult; Inglaterra, Francia y demás poderes predominantes tendrían el conocimiento pleno de que el negro demanda aquello que legitimamente le pertenece, y no ha de inclinar por más tiempo la cabeza sino que fuchará por lo que crea una causa justifienda El partido-pregresista nació para sostener en la próxima campaña presidencial el pendón del senador La Follette en la gigantezca lucha electoral que tendrá lugar en noviembre y en la cual el pueblo de los Estados Unidos va a decide-unil el ciudadano que quiere en la Casa Blanca: Cockidge, candidato de los republicanos; Davis, candidato de los democratas, o La Follette, candidato de democratas y republicanos progresistas. El nombre del partido fue esco- gido en el comib de los ones que dirigen la campaña de La Folletera Wheeler. Se chirpela en todos los estados tonde los progenistas establezcan una plataforma independiente. Se escogió también el emblema del partido. Así como el partido democrata tiene por emblema una asun y el republicano un elefante, el partido independiente es una campana, la campana de la libertad norteamericana. Dentro de poco la junta de estrategia de la campana-presidencial del partido progresista pondra en actividad a todos los resortes de la maquinaria. El comité acepto la creación de un fondo de tres millones para la campaña, como propuso H. H. Rosenfelt de Nueva York. Se decidió que este fondo se recogiera principalmente entre las uniones obreras, organizaciones agricolas, el partido socialista, grupos políticos independientes y el público en general en forma de contribución de un dollar. Se ha fijado el dia del trabajo, que es el primer lunes de septiembre entrante, para pronunciar el primer discurso de toda la campaña. Se declaro yue tanto el senador La Follette como el senador Wheeler pronunciarian el día su primer transcendental discurso. La Follette en Nueva York, Wheeler in Boston. Se estuvo considerando también la designación de dirigentes de la campaña en los respectivos estados. Probamente en la semana entrante se diren las personas escogidas, así como la colocación de los nombres de los candidatos en los registros. Dadas las importantes cuestiones que hay que solucionar, el comite la decidido celebrar sesiones diarias hasta las elecciones de los representantes. Untribunal de disciplina Un plan del primer ministro para la reforma del movimiento fascista es el tribunal superior de disciplina que ha de ser presidido esté fuera de discusión. Nada podria ser más característico del señor Mussolini y del movimiento que el representa. Desde el principio el credo fascista ha saido la reforma desde fuera. Parcía a Mussolini y sus partidas ríos que Italia había descendido a un mecanismo democrático, que era incapaz de actuar por falta de autoridad. Los fascistas se lanzaron a proporcionar esa autoridad, encomendándo a si misunos el empurdera satisfactoriamente. Cuando el asesinato del diputado Matteiotti demostró al mundo que hasta los Camisas. Negras eran una mezcla de vícios y virtudes, no había más que una salida desde el punto de vista de la filosofia fascista. Mussolini la ha encontrado. Cuando el fascismo se equivoca ha de ser, también sujeto a la disciplina desde el exterior. El tribunal de disciplina ya a tener facultades para purgar el partido de corrupción exactamente lo mismo que el partido iba purgar a Italia. Quida una pregunta por hacer: ¿Quién, a su vez, purgara al tribunal? Habiendo entregado audazmente a reformar el mundo según su deseo, Mussolini retorna dando un rodeo a la cierta cuestion de gobierno, la cuestion de donde encontrar un super-hombre. Desde que se descubre que el no juga un super-hombre, se propone delegar en otros el cargo. Terminará, si es ligico, por devolver el país al pueblo y por permitir gobernarse a si mismo por medio de partidos políticos libres que se mantienen reciprocamente a raya. Como profeta y director de naciones, la fracasado, y el mito de la salvacion del país por medio del fascismo fracasa con el. Viajando de incógnito Como el principe de Gales cuando viaja como Lord Renfrew. Hughes en el extranjero conserva el incognito en sus excursiones. Era un abrogado cuarto partido para Londres. Ahora como turista, va a Paris. Con gran esmero se indica que no hay nada oficial en su visita a la capital de Francia; pero a pesar de todo eso, encontrará tiempo para coogerar indirectamente a los fines que la indecisión de los consejeros de su partido le impide ayudar al descubierto. Quitarara fuerza a la idea de que los Estados Unidos no tienen simpatia por las demandas justas de Francia; eliogará la conferencia de Londres; solicitará, como un turista interesado en la economía del mundo, que la opinión fancesa no conduzca esa conferencia al frisco. El hará cuanto puéda por fortalecer la posición de Herrriot en Londres, poniendo el prestigio de su visita en ayuda de Herrriot en su patria. Esopa medida sensata, a pesar de la discreción con me debe ser hecha. Prudentemente, a menos que se subleve la excitable llama que fue Hyran Johnson, la administración Coolidge evolución de su política de asislamiento Pronto se dará a la publicidad mundial una nueva prensa de un el descubridor Cristóbal Colón nació en España. Des hombres de estudio bitánico han hecho un detente estudio para probar que el gran descubridor nació en el pequeno pueblo de Pontevedra, cerca de Vigo, en el norte de España, y publicaran pronto un libro. Asi declara, al regresar a los Estados Unidos, Harriet C. Adams, distinguida escritora y lectora de auntos geográficos, que recientemente visitó a Pontevedra. Adams, esposa de Franklin Adams, consejero de la Unión Panamericana, acaba de regresar a Washington, después de una jira de ocho meses por España y Marruecos, tahito español como francés. Sus artículos apacerán en las principales revistas de los Estados Unidos. Habla con gran entusiasmo del progreso hecho por España bajo la administración de Primo de Rivera. Ha realizadoizado incríbeles, dice. Viáje por todas partes de España, dondequíe-encentre pruebas de la nueva fe en el futuro de España y la confianza en su gobierno. Los planes del gobierno para eliminar el contrabando, poner más eficiencia en los departamentos, mejorar las carreteras ha sido recibido con agrado. Dondequiera se aprecia la capacidad e integridad de Primo de Rivera. Que la política marroqui tendrá éxito. Declara que sus propósitos han sido algunas veces falseados en las prensa española y en el extranjero por motivos políticos. Cree que los aspectos militares de la situación han sido exagerados y tiene confianza en que la pacificación de Martecruos se terminará completamente pronto. Su optisión se basa en su reconocimiento personal en Martecruos. Durante su jira visitó a Sevilla, donde dice que la construcción del edificio de la Exposición Ibero-Americana se eguentra ya avanzada. Estos ediciones dice son exquisitamente bellos, representativos de la arquitectura española. Nunca se construyeron para minguna exposición edificas más elegantes. Son de carácter permanente. Después de la feria; uno de ellos será usado para una galería de arte moderno, otro para artes de todas las edades y un tercero como pabellón de convenciones, y grandes asambleas públicas. Todo indica que, a diferencia de otras exposiciones, toda la obra se habrá compuesto para la fecha amunicada de su inauguración. Si en el extranjero se comprende, el esplender de la exposición, la concurrencia será importante. Declara que los viales de turista en España se bacen en mejores condiciones que lo que se puesta en el extranjero. Los precios de los hoteles son razonables. Hay magnificos caminos y tina oficina para información de turistas en las principales ciudades. Labor diplomática El gobierno soviet, desde el tiempo en que los comisarios comunistas de cubrieron por primera vez la extrema sensibilidad de Lord Curzon a la propaganda soviética en la frontera noroeste de la India, han sostenido una política oriental. Aquel lujo tradicional de los ezares se ha convertido, con alteraciones superficiales, en un tono de los más brillantes romances de los Rojos; los puertos de aguas templadas y las esferas de influencia de una más antigua diplomacia, han sido reemplazados por un programa desconcertante basado en la fraternidad con el hombre asiático, y los herederos de Karl Marx se lanzaron a ofrecer una asombrosa protección a China optimida, concediendo ostentosamente oídos atentos a las enseñanzas de Rabindran Tagore. Pero es solo ultimamente que han hecho avances en esta política. El tratado chino firmado al fin de mayo fue el primer piso definitivo; y se anuncia ahora que el Japon ha formado los terninos bajo los cuales concederia: el reconocimiento a los bolsevikis. El Japon ha de evacuar la parte norte de Saghalien a cambio e una simple satisfacción verbal por los asesinatos de Nikoliaevik y a cambio también de concesiones petrolères y minerales en el territorio. El Japon abandonara sus demandas de concesiones en Siberia. Sin embargo, se trata de un juego en el que juegan dos. La política de Rusia de consolidar e leste para un ataque contra el capitalismo occidental es un poco demasiado ingenuas para ser tomada en serio. Estamos dispuestos, decía un informe al congreso de la Tercera Internacional; ayudar al Japón a lauchar contra el capitalismo de los Estados Unidos, pero solo a consecuencia de ello nos vemos en los de hacer grandes avances hacia el comunismo en el Japón. Pero los japoneses son realistas. Sus negriciones con Rusia parecen indicar un nuevo deseo de consolidar la posición japonesa que orienta por medio de una inteligente diplomacia más bien que por medio de que pudiens minimizar que haga porque el 1993 no sodiente. La ley de constitución de los Estados Unidos pudo tener algo que ver en ello, pero da típode, modosa el primer ministro Kuto cres que el Japón tiene el porvenir en China, y al porquer puede dar grandes rodeo-para llegar a el. La perspectiva electoral Apenas designado por la Convención de Madison Square Garden candidato de los democratas para la presidencia, John W. Davis, está ya en plena fiebre de preparación para la campaña electoral. Esta se anuncia de parte de los democratas muy ardorosa. Dijerase que los leaders, enfiriados apenas del furioso combate de tres semanas de la Convención, se aperciben de que la candidatura de Mr. Davis, en lucha con la candidatura del presidente. Coolidge, necesita los más energicos esfuerzos y la mejor de las suertes para triunfar en noviembre. Tal perspectiva no es sino muy exacta. Los más optimistas democratas saben ya que, a pesar del tono confiado, ortodoxo y lleno de amórosa armenia de partido que usan los grandes diarios democratas, el partido dista muchismo de estar unido como un solo hombre hajo la bandera del candidato a la presidencia. Dürante la Convencion y antes de ella, se ha dicho demasiado en contra de los "intereses", de Wall Street, de la banca interacional, de los monopolios y las grandes industrias que ejercen su influencia en Washington. Ahora, anulado definitivamente McAdoo gracias, en mucho, a esos ataques, no puede esperarse que todos los democratas, y el público en general, tengan la candorosa ingenuidad de Mr. William Jennings Bryan que olvidó su odio sagrado al capitalismo corrupter, que cerraba el paso a su candidato Mr. McAdoo . en cuanto se eligió a su hermano, el governor Bryan, candidato a la vicepresidencia. El partido democratico salió del "deadlock" de la Convención con una formula "a la antigua", que dejó contentos a los jefes de pandilla de los principales estados. Pero los soldados de fila del partido no han quedado contentos. Y el público en general, mucho menos. La Convenión fugi como una esplendida representación de política since la en que durante varias sesiones se dejo que la passion, los intereses, las ideas y las ambiciones de los delegados jugaran plemenate. Después, cuando convino a los "hosses", se dieron las consignas preisas y se votó al candidato favorable. Ni tojo ni negro, ni reaccionario ni avandazo, ni amigo ni cuenijo del Ku Klux Klan, ni partidario de la libertad religiosa absoluta —como en este caso la piden instante los católicos— ni favorable a la intolerancia grotesca e ilegal de los protestantes de varias denominaciones. Pero los candidatos inciertos, insipides e invioladores, que pueden placer a las organizaciones conservadoras, instamente partidos de estabilidad, de contemplaciones, de "conservación" de posiciones ya adquiridas, no sirven para los partidos democratas. Un partido democrataria tiene siempre reivindicativos que llevar a cabo, vicios administrativos que extirpar, verdaderas revoluciones pacificas que realizar. X. la reacion depuradora que se pide como cauterio a los males achacados a la administracion de los escandalos petroleros' del Tea Pot Dome dye on los permisos de venta de alcohol, no es logico esperarla, irrefrenada y sin contemplaciones ni respetos, de un candidato reconocido y declaradamente adicto a Wall Street, a los grandes bancos, a las grandes industrias. - La Prensa, N. Y. Causas de una revolución Los cabbes al dar las noticias de la revuelta militar en el estado de Sao Paulo, las personalas familiarizadas con la historia política del Brasil supieron innediatamente que el gobierno federal: confrontaba graves dificultades. El espiritu de revuelta se habia/estado incubando en el país por dos años y fue característico del amor del hispanoamericano por lo dramático que le rebelion empezara en el minuto aniversario de la san-griente rebelion de Rio de Janeiro en 1922. Para comprender la significancia del movimiento dehen tenerse emientes ciertos puntos. Todas las republicas sudamericanas han sufrido desde sus comienzos de la dominación militar de sus politicos y en solo tres países se han hecho progreso hacia la liberación de los políticos mediate, la eliminación de las cliques de generales. En la Argentina esta separación es casi completa y así seperata ser el caso del Impel hasta la despegar de sus compromisos de entrada del presidente Paula. que guará el actual en el palacio de los jefes en Rio de Janeiro. Las causas de la reprimación pasan sintetizares de este modo: Cual es los militares hacia el gobierno civiles. Desgrado popular en rico estado da Sao Paulo por la que los paulistas consideran extragrancías del régimen federal. Desgrado en el estado de Sao Paulo por lo que los soldados pauifista consideraron la arrogancia de la mission de instrucción militar francesa cuenta por el gobernador del estado doctor Carlos de Campos. La conspiración de los viejos grupos soportados, los que han estado alegados por aftos que los estados prograsitos del sur y el centro de Brasil estan sin esperanza contrarrestados en la lucha por el progreso por los estados retrasados del norte del ecuador. --- Parece ser que la combinación de estos serpos produjo la revueza, concentrándose en la crisis immediata caunada por la investigación de las finanzas de la república por una misión británica y la discusión en el ejército de una proposición para renovar el contrato con la misión militar francesa. Los conspiradores políticos, separatistas encontraron campo propicio en el animo de lag descontentos soldados que creyeron que el honor del ejército habia sido ultrajado por la actitud dramática de Pessoa en 1922, cuando ordeno la prisión del mariscal da Fonseca, presidente del poderoso partido militar y comandante en jefe del ejército, por haber intervenido en una controversia política en el estado de Pernambuco. Informacion General REQUISITOS NECESARIOS PARA SER MIEMBRO DE LA "ASOCIACION UNIVERSAL PARA EL ADELANTO DE LA RAZA NEGRA." Con la cantidad de sesenta centavos ($0.60) todo elemento de muestra raza puede ser miembro de la "Asociacion Universal para el Adelanto de la Raza Negra". Esta suma incluye cuota de entrada, veinte y cinco centavos ($0.25), y pago del primer mes, treinta y cinco centavos ($0.35) como miembro. Todo miembro debe ser provisto de una Constitución, o Libro de Leyes de la Organización (valor 25 centavos) y una insignia (valor 15 centavos). Si hubiera en la villa, pueblo o ciudad donde Due. viva una División Autorizada de esta Asociación, haga su aplicación en ella; en caso contrario, mante su aplicación al Cuero Directivo de la Asociación remitiendo la cantidad de un dollar ($1.00). Al recibo de esta cantidad le será enviado por correo los artículos antes mencionados, con un Certificado como miembro de la Asociación. La aplicación debe ser dirigida a: Sr. Secretario, Oficina General del Cuerpo Directivo. Universal Negro Improvement Association, 56 West 135th Street, New York City, N. Y. Aconsejamos a aquellos que envien sus cuotas al Cuerpo Directivo lo hagan anual, semi-annual o cada tres meses, para evitar la constante transmisión de la Tarjeta a esta oficina todos los meses. APORTE SU OBLOO PARA EL GRAN MOVIMIENTO DE TODAS LAS EPOCAS POR LA REDENCION DE AFRICA Y EL ADELANTO DE LA RAZA EN TODAS PARTES. ANUNCIOS Concerciante de tabacos al por mayor desea ponerse en conecction con fabricante cubano. Escriba a RICHARDS, 309 West 139th St., New York City. ADVERTISERS! It May Interest You to Create a Spanish Trade YOU CAN DO THIS BY Placing an advertisement in Spanish on this our Spanish page. We have a large circulation in Spanish speaking communities. ALL TRANSLATIONS FREE For Special Advertising Rates apply Negro World Office 86 West 139th Street New York City ADVERTISING DEPT. FRENCH SECTION THE NEGRO WORLD 56 WEST 135TH STREET NEW YORK, N. Y. ETATS UNIS D'AMERIQUE Téléphone Harlem 2877 Un journal hebdomadaire, parajissant chaque samedi, publié dans l'intérêt de la Race Négre et de l'Association Universelle pour l'Avancement de la Race et la Litterie de Communauté Etats Unis 3 Mois..... $0.75 6 Mois..... 1.25 1 An..... 2.50 3 Mois..... $1.25 6 Mois..... 2.00 1 An..... 3.00 Les abonnements et insertions sont invariablement payable d'avance. Administration et Rédaction 56 WEST 135TH STREET NEW YORK, E. U. A. SAMEDI, LE 9 AOUT, 1924 Grande Convention Internationale de la Race Negre en session o New York—La voix de la Race se répercutera jusqu'aux confins de la terre—Le premier Aout sera un grand jour pour la Race—Délégués arrivont par chaque bateau Concitoyens de la Race Negre, Salut: Dans quelques jours les yeux du monde civilisé seront fixés sur les Peuples Négres du Monde qui s'assemblent en grand conclave à Liberty Hall, 120 West 138th Street, New York, U. S. A., dans le but de recoillir l'expression enme du sentiment du houveau Négre en ce qui a trait à sa condition dans un monde mutile par la grande guerre fratricide; un monde remué jusqu'à profondeurs de son existence dans la recherche poursuit par les différentes races et les diverses nations qui chercheient un abri on, loin du danger qui ménace l'humanité, elles trouveront les garanties promises par la démocratie. D'après ce qui précède, la Universal Negro Improvement Association va reunir dans un conclave universel les représentants des 400,000,000 de Négres afin qu'ils décidient une fois pour toute, la position equivique de la Race, à savoir, si nous devons retrograder, rester dans le statu quo, ou à visière levée prémunir d'une charte synallagmatique pour la rehabilitation de la Race et à enseigne déplovle, marcher de l'avant. Toutes les voies conduiront à Carnegie Hall, le vendredi l'er Aout, à 8 heures 30 du soir, l'heure à laquelle se réuniront les délégués pour entendre les déclarations solennelles du grand conclave internation de la Kace-Négre. Le premier août sera célébré dans le monde entier comme la Fête Internationale de la Race Négre, et dont les membres habient de Antilles, l'Afrique, l'Amérique du Nord, l'Amérique du Sud, l'Amérique Centrale et le Canada. Nous célébrons le ler août avec allégresse, à cause de la bonne perspective qu'offre ce jour pour le bonheur de notre race. Unissons nos forces et célébrons avec une ferveur digne de cette occasion gloriense la Quatrième Convention Internationale. Donnons à cette celebration tout l'écrit que mérite un conclave aussi grandiose, et appuyons detout la force de notre âme, la Universal Negro Improvement Association. Mettons en pratique le programme de l'Association pour le mois d'octobre, de sorte que, à la fin des sessions, une nouvelle page une page brillante et glorieuse—sera déjà écrite dnas les annales de notre histoire. Commme nous l'avons déjà dit, nous comptons faire l'année courante et ce qui suivra les meilleures années dans l'existence de notre grande organisation. C'est pas sans raison qu'à l'heure actuelle nous sommes joyeux; nous sommes en élégresse à cause du succès dont nos labeurs ont été cournies. Nous sommes veillés des hommes; les différentes races et les différentes nations nous guétent; à cause de cela, acquittons-nous de notre tache avec dégnité, termeté et sincerité. Les ennemis de notre Race jettent partout leurs fillets. Qu'impôtre leur rage! Hommes et Femmes. l'Association Universelle pour l'Avancement de la Race Négre, ne saura reculer! A l'instar des Alliés, qui pendant la grande guerre avaient pris la détermination que "Lennemi ne passera point!" De la même manière, et tout en faisant une opposition systématique, Lennemi commun, nous déclarons, "Lennemi ne passera point!" Lennemi ne passera que quand le dernier homme de la Race Noire aura disparu de la terre; jusqu'aux, Lennemi sera tem en céché par la Universal Negro Improvement Association jusqu'à ce que le front de bandière tricole—le Rouge, le Noir et le Vert—soit irrevocablement planté sur les piliers immuables de la liberté! En attendant, J'ai l'honneur d'être Ouverture de la Quatrième Convention Internationale des Peuples Négres du Monde Dé haunt de la voute azurée, le soleil du premier jour du mois d'aout, avait, des le matin, envoyé ses rayons sur une terre qui, le jour, précédent avait été arrosée par des averses copieuses. Dès huit heures du matin Liberty Hall était devenue le Mécau où la foue en pelerinage et à pas accélérés assemblait pour le culte divin. A dix heures précises, en procession sollennelle les membres de la Croix Noire, les membres du Choeur, Sa Grandeur, Monseigneur Georges Alexandre McGuire, D. D., M. D., d'L'Eglise Africaine Orthodoxe, Chevalier de l'Ordre de la Couronne d'Epines, précédé par els membres du Clergé, et suivi par le Conseil des Secrétaires d'Etat—l'Hon Georges O. Mark, Député Suprène et Potentat de la Universal Negro Improvement Association; l'Hon William Sherrill; 2er Président-Général; l'Hon E. Carter, Secrétaire-Général; Hon Percival L. Burrows, Sous-Secrétaire-Général; l'Hon Clifford S. Bourne, Chancelier; Hon Thomas W. Anderson, Miniature des Travaux Publics; Hon Rudolphe Smith, 3e Président-Général; Hon Northon G. Thomas, 2e Sous-Secrétaire-Général; le Capitaine Wilmer J. Roberson, ex-Capitaine de l'Armée Américaine, 24ème régiment Inf., Commandant des Unités Militaires; le Rev. Van Richards, Chaplin du Sénet de la République de Liberia; Hon F. Levi Lord, Auditeur-Général; Hon George Weston, Vice-Président de la branche locale de la Universal Negro Improvement Association; H. V. Plummer, Adjutant-Général de la Universal Negro Improvement Association, et l'Hon Marcus Garvey, President-Général de la Universal Negro Improvement Association, marchaient enchantant le canique, "Echac nous, Lumière Eternelle." Le culte divin, suivant le rituel de l'Eglise Orthodoxe (forme duicatae), a dû entomné par le Rév. W. Elligor; omnise S. G. l'Evque Georges Afzandre McGuire prononce l'absoute. L'Evangile a été lu par le Rev. Van Richards, Chaplain du. Séiît de la République de Liberia. Le sermon a dé prononcé par Sa Grandeur McGuire. Son texte était Exode, 4:2—"Qu'as-tu à la main? Il répondit: une verge." Les quatre points sur lesquels l'Eveque a étayé sa meditation sont, (1) Le Bâton de notre pouvoir politique; (2) Le Bâton de notre indépendance économique; (3) Le Bâton de notre acquisition financière; (4) Le Bâton de notre pouvoir religieux. L'orateur nous a fait savoir que comme Race déjà nous possédons ce grand pouvoir qui est une puissance de la part de notre Crateur. Suivant l'Eveque, l'Association Universelle pour l'Avancenient de la Race Négre est un mouvement spirituel, et comme tel, il est impossible de détruire cette ouvre ou d'arrêter sa marche ascendante. Après le "Gloria" la bénédiction a été prononce par Sa Grandeur McGuire. A deux heures de l'après midi la deuxième partie du programme du jour, savoir la grande parade officielle d'environ cinq mille personnes eut lieu. Parmi les diverses représentations nous citons les tableaux suivants : "Le Christ Noir." "La Madone Noire." "L'Ethiopie désigne le Pavillon de l'Afrique." Démonstration des "Infirmières de la Croix Noire." "L'Ethiopie plaindant sa cause devant la Société des Nations." Le point culminant de ce jour mémorable était le meeting à Carnegie Hall, à neuf heures de soir. Les principaux traits du programme étaient : Solo par Mme. Frager Robinson. Solo par Mlle Abie Mitchel. Duetto—Mme Robinson et Mlle Connelliv. L'Hon. William Sherrill, Premier Vice-President, et premier orateur du soir, dans une superbe allocation a rappelle à son auditoire le caractère international de la Universal Negro Improvement Association, "Cette association," dit-il, "n'est pas un mouvement antillien; la Universal est un mouvement Negre, ayant des ramifications dans le monde entier. L'existence," continue le conferenceriel, "de la Universal Negro Improvement Association marque le moment psychologique dans l'existence de la Race Negre où la nouvelle race a pris naissance. . . . Le droit de gouverner sans le consentement de ceux qui sont gouvernés est, par tout dans le monde—dans l'Inde, dans la Chine, en Irlande, en Egypte, dans la Pologne, en Allemagne et en Afrique—sur la défensive; ce droit est autre cuidant et réfuté par tout et par tous." Le deuxième orateur fut L'Hon. Marcus Garvey, President-Général de la Universal Negro Improvement Association. M. Garvey a fait comprendre à l'assemblée en des termes non équivoques, qu'il est précétaire le suprême sacrifice pour ses frères de race; il est prêt, tout prêt à entrer en prison, où, même dans l'enfer pour la cause qui lui est chère. Après une soirée de vibrante inspiration et de détermination inebranable, les-exercices de la journée mémorable du premier au furent termines par l'Hynne National, "Ethiopie; Terre de nos Ancêtres." liberté d'examen étant compromise, déclare qu'aucun, projet de contrat, de convention ou de tritéte venant de la République des Etats-Unis de l'Amerique du Nord ne sera écoute avant-qu'elle n'a fait evacuer les points du territoire haïtien occupé par ses troupes et ses bateaux de guerre." Que faire pour que de tels procédes qui vont à l'encontre des principes du droit des gens, cessent au au plus tôt? S'adresser à la S. D. N., maintainant que cette société existe? Nous savons, helas trop, combien cette tribune internationale, par son favoritique exagéré, se désintérèse de ces questions vitale pour des nations entières; à Geneve l'on préfère s'occuper des différents qui divisent pour un temps les voisins directs. Il est incomprehensible qu'un pays, possédant son histoire, sa tradition, en un mot sa raison d'exister libre et indépendant, soit tenu, sous prétexte de protectorat et de colonisation, sous la férule d'une nation dite avancée. · C'est pourtant ce qui se passe un peu partout et spécialement en Haiti. Ce pays se trouve en ce moment exposé aux caprices, aux taillonnades de la bottle américaine. Nous ne voulons pas parler de toutes les difficultés, de tous les actes de violence dont la petite nation noire est, depuis longtemps, l'innocente - victime. Qu'il nous suffise de rappeler ce que disait-en 1915 un ancien senateur haïtien dans sa motion présenté au Sénat, au moment de l'occupation du territoire par les troupes américaines. Tonjours est-il que cette motion sera présentée par M. Dantès-Bellegarde, très prochament, au Congrès de l'Association pour la S. D. N. qui doit se tenir à Lyon. N'ons sommes certains que M. Bellegarde, ancien ministre plenipotentiaire d'Haiti à Paris, et ancien délegué de cette même republique à la S. D. N. saura Pappuyer de toute son autorité compétente. Dejá les délegués américains au cours ont cherché sans réusite à faire de telle sorte que la question hattienne ne fut pas débattue. "Le peuple, dit-il, est traité comme les Aborigènes le furent en 1492 par les Espagnols: Si nous n'ouvrouis les yeux, il sera dispersé et disparaitra comme eux." Voilà une pierce tendue à la S. D. N. dont nous avons signé les préférences, et dont nous connaissons les défis de jugement. Pour une fois, ce tribunal international, qui compte Haiti parmi ses membres, fondateurs, pourrait faire preuve de chairvoyance en ouvrir une canjage contre l'occupation militaire d'Haiti, occupation arbitraire, puisqu'elle ne fut précédée d'auteur déclaration de guerre. Desraisons d'Etat en sont les seuls motifs. Nons devons ajouter que, depuis cet avertissement, bien peut de chose a changé. Les declarations de paix aux États-Unis ne concordent nullement avec ce qui se passe en territoire haïtien oïl les Américains font desarmer des indigenees en restant armés eux-mêmes, afin le cas échéant, de les fugler sans explications. Citons encrele la fin de cet appel dans lequel M. Morpeau fait allusion à une Société des Nations avant la lettre: Il faut que, par une confusion de ses deligues à Lyon le peuple américain mette fin à cet état de choses, en demandant la rappel des troupes qui oppressent actuellement la territoire d'Hati et rende à ce pays une independance conquise d'ignement sans le concours d'aucune assistance extérieure. "Considérant que la République d'Haiti est en paix evec les Efats-Unis de l'Americ du Nord; "Considerant que l'invasion et l'occupation militaires et méthodiques, eaux le consentement de la Nation haitienne, du Fort National du Palais, de la Presidence, des Casernes Dessalines à Port-au-Prince, et de certaines autres portions du territoire sont des faits accomplis par la force des Etats-Unis, contrairement à la Constitution, aux intérêts de la Nation et au droit des gens; Allons. Messieurs les Américains, de nos jours la question de race n'intervient plus, et ceux qui font appel à ce pietre préjugé se dégrade rent eux-mêmes. Rendre à Cesar ce qui est à Cesar est le seul moyen de travailler pour la paix du monde. EGYPTE Les négociations anglo- egyptiennes "Considérant que, malgré l'élection du chef de l'Etat et la constitution de son cabinet, l'armée américaine a désarmé le Palais préidentiel et en a emporté les armes et munitions à bord des bateaux de guerre fédéraux, ainsi que celles en levées allières. On tiande de Londre a A une question qui lui était posée à la sécence de lundi, à la Chambre des communes, M. MacDonald a répondu qu'il a invité Zaghad pache à venir en Angleterre conférér avec lui et que tout réglement à intervenir sera submis à l'approbation du Parlement américain. "Le Corps législatif proteste auprès de toupes les Nations civiles contre l'invasion et l'occupation militaire et méthodiques du territoire national par les troupes et la marine de guerre des États-Unis de l'Amerique du Nord, pas ce fait, as PROGRAMME DE LA QUATRIMÉE CONVENTION INTERNATIONALE DES PEUPLES NEGRES DU MONDE EN SESSION A NEW YORK, DU 1er au 31 AOUT, 1924 LES GRANDS PROBLEMES QUI AFFECTENT LA RACE SERONT DISCUTES Tous les chemins conduiront à Liberty Hall, New York, le 1er août. a. c. où le quatrième Congrès Mondial del Peuples Nègres aura lieu. Le programme ci-dessous sera discuté: RELIGION 1. Discussion sur la Déification de Jésus, comme l'Homme de Douleurs Noir. 2. Canonisation de la Vierge Marie, comme Négresse. 3. L'Idéalisme de Dieu comme un Esprit Saint, sans forme physique, mais un Créateur d'une semblance imaginaine de la Race Noire, étant d'une même image et ressemblance. LA POLITIQUE 1. Discussion de la formation de l'Union Politique Négre. 2. L'Education du Négre dans les communes où ils constituent la majeure partie de la population de s'élever à la responsabilité de self-government. 3. Conférences avec les Nations Blanches et avec la Société des Nations, pour un arrangement à l'ambiable du problème de la Race, et pour une réforme du régime réglementaire par lequel le Négre est gouverné. 4. La présentation à la date du 6 août, a. c., du désideratum de 4,000,000 Négres américains, sous forme de Petition, adresse à Son Excellence le President des Etats Unis, pour construire paisiblement leur propre nation en Afrique, leur Mère-Patrie. 5. La présentation au Senat et à la Chambre, dans leurs prochaines sessions d'une même Pétition. 6. Présentation d'une requête de la part de 2,000,000 Négres, habitants des Antilles Occidentales Britanniques, à Sa Majesté, le Roi George V., et la même requête adressée à la Maison de Lords de la Grande Bretagne. 1. Discussion à l'égard de la République de Liberia et de son développement: les mêmes discussions s'appliquent à l'Abyssinie et à la République d'Haiti, comme Nations Négres et independantes; ces discussions touchent également le bein-être des autres pays on les Négres comme populations indigènes sont dans la majorité; savoir on la Jamaique, la Barbade, la Trinité, la Guyane Anglaise, le Honduras Anglais et d'autres iles dans les Antilles et en Afrique. 2. Voies et moyens pour le ajustement du Probleme Racial dans les États du Sud des États Unis d'Amerique, à la satisfaction de tous. 3. Methode d'instruction, pour instruire d'une façon précise. Opinion publique blanche, tant sur les grandes necessities de la Race que sur son deideratement. PROBLEMES SOCIAUX 1. Discussion sur l'education de la Race Négre à propos de la signification réelle de ce qui constitue la société; les principes qui doivent servir de boussole à ceux qui désirent avoir la distinction sociétale. LE COMMERCE 1. Discussion d'une federation des communes Négres et leurs relations commerciales 2. Les Traits commerciaux entre les communes Négres. 3. Voyages de Recouche entre les hommes et les femmes profes sommels et autres de notre Race. EDUCATION 1. Discussion sur la compilation d'un code d'éducation spécialement préparé pour le Negre 2. L'éducation de la Race dans las classification de la littérature. 3. D'écussion sur le modele d'une literature c. d'une culture independante et essentiellent Négres. LA PROPAGANDE 1. La prohibition de toute propagande qui a la tendance à détguire ideal du Negre et à enchumer son esprit 2. La dissemination de Education parmi la race pour la conservation de son propre ideal. LA CONSTITUTION 1. Avisement de la Constitution de la Universal Negre Improvement Association 2. La discussion annuelle des affaires générales de L'Association Universelle pour L'Avancement de la Race Négre. L'HUMANITÉ 1. Discussion en tant que la promotion des heurs d'amitiés entre la race Noire et la race Blanche dans le monde entier. 2. Discussion sur les prejudices du lit et de l'objet préconis par le Ku Klux Klan. 3. Discussion des problèmes interracials de la race blanche, suivant que ces dits problèmes affectent la Négre. 4. Discussion du programme d'un Canada blanc, d'une Amérique blanche, d'une Europe blanche, d'une Australie blanche, comme anonce par les conducteurs blanches. 5. Discussion de la politique de la France en ce qui concerne le Négre. 6. Discussion de la sincerité de la Ligue des Nations comme une maison pour démuler les circonstances malcontreuses et fortuites de Humanité. 7. Discussion de la politique de l'Auteleurre en ce qui concerne le Négre. 8. Discussion de la part qui sevent aux Négres dans les prises de guerre de 1914-1918. 9. Discussion de la nouvelle demande de l'Allemagne pour la remise de certaines de ses anciennes colonies en Afrique,—colonies, qui ont que extorquées des indigènes par l'Allemagne elle-même, e comme infortune de guerre, enlevées à l'Allemagne par les Allies comme prises de guerre. 10. Discussion de la sincerité de la diplomatic dans ses relations avec les pays, les libertés, et les droits des nations faibles. 12. Discussion d'une requête à envoiver à Sa Sainteté le Pape de Rome à Sa Grandeur Monseigneur L'Archèvé de Canterbury et aux chefs de toutes les eglises americaines; comme-conducteurs du Christianisme pour un ajustement humain et honnee de tous les problèmes de l'humanité, particulièrement les divers problèmes qui affectant les Négres en général. 3. Discussion d'une requête adressée a Leurs Majestés, les Rois d'Angleterre, d'Italia, d'Espagne et da la Belgique, avec leurs Parlementes respectifs, pour une justice equitable et prononcée en faveur des Négres en Afrique et dans les colonies. 14. Discussion d'un appel a Leurs Excellences les Présidents des Erats-Unis, da la France et de la République de Portugal, pour la justice et l'équité des Négres de l'Afrique, de l'Amerique et des colonies. 15. Discussion sur l'attitude du Négre dans la prochaine grande guerre. 16. Discussion de la Pétition des Peuples Négres du Monde entire adressée à S. D. N. pour la remise. à la dite Race Négre de certaines territoires africains, actuellement sous le maquement de certaines Puissances de la Ligue qui gouvernement les indigènes. Le programme ci-dessus sera discuté in-extenso dans le grand Conclave qui aura lieu à N. Y. au mois d'outrochain. Nous attendons des délégués venant de l'Afrique, d'Europe, d'Asie, des Antilles, Occidentales, d'Amérique Centrale, de l'Amerique du Sud, le Canada et des guarne-huites. Etats de l'Union Américaine. Plan de Procuration, Plan et Justice et Plan de Procuration —Les Mots d'ordre de la France en Algérie (Le Temps.) La session du conseil supérieur été inaugurée météordi dans la sérée par le gouverneur général. Dans le discours qu'il a prononcé à cette occasion, M. Steeg a tout d'abord envoyé le salut de l'assemblée au nouveau président de la Répblique. Il a déclaré notamment: Notre sympathie va à M. Dommergue, d'autant plus ardente et amicre, que l'Algérie n'est pas une inconnue pour lui; qu'il me soit permis de formuler en votre nom le voeu que le president de la République vienne se rendre compte personnellement des heureuses transformations économiques, politiques et sociales qui se sont produites depuis l'époque déjà lointaine qui il exerçait ici les fonctions de magistrat. Après avoir rappelé le voyage de M. Miller en Algérie, le gouverneur général a abordé l'exposé du budget tel qu'il vient d'être adopté par les délégations financières, et qui, pour la première fois, depuis quelques années, se solde par un excedent reel; si bien qu'on peut avancer que la longue période d'incertitude est maintenant close. Le gouverneur général a ennuméré les ressources indispensables qui ont été votées par les délégations sur les propositions de l'administration et a fait part de la revision spéciale des avaluations foncières qui sera menée à bonne fin des l'année prochaine. M. Steeg a fait egalement un exposé du vaste programme d'intérêt général que les délégations financières ont voté, et pour lequel une somme de 427 millions a été prévue, s'échelomant sur cinq années. En 1930, a-t-il ajouté, l'Algérie sera préte et aura l'orgueil de monter au monde les résultats d'un siècle d'efforts français. Plus de prévoyance, plus de justice et plus de prospérite, tels sont les buts poursuivis par la civilisation de la France en ce pays. Le gouverneur général a fait ensuite allusion aux travaux hydrauliques et agricoles qui vont être encore plus développés, et à la création des ccoles d'agriculture. Tout cela, a-t-il ajouté, facilitera la venue en Algérie des paysans de France et formera une jumesse attentive à des travaux rémunérateurs et à des résultats fédéons. Puis le gouverneur a enuméré les bientais des caisses régionales agricoles et des sociétés de prévoyance qui ont pris un développement considérable, qui rejent aux indigences de grands services; de la caisse de cohisation qui vient d'être créée et qui, étant dotée par la colonie, sera appelée à rendre encore d'indigences services aux indigences qui vient de recevoir une nouvelle intensification. M. Steeg a indiqué que les années de disette ne doivent plus revenir partout où la France s'est établie. Avec le bien-être s'accorpon la sécurité indispensable à l'Algérie pour son labour fécund. En terminant, le gouverneur a assurer que la Algérie, profondement attachee à la mère patrie, entend participer dans la plus large mesure possible au relevement national de la patrie et qu'elle est digne de recevoir Voctroi de plus grandes libertés. "On peut faire, confiance, a-t-il dit, à une Algérie majure qui, dans la paix comme dans la guerre, assuma, les plus hauts devoirs et n'a d'autre ambition que de mettre au service de la mère patrie une activité plus souple, moins formaliste, plus originale et plus féconde." Mettez vos avis dans le Courrier Haitien Voulez-vous faire connaître vos produits à Haiti? Voulez-vous conquérir le marché d'Haiti? Voulez-vous augmenter le chiffre de vos affaires dans de notables proportions? Envoyez votre réclame ou vo- tre annonce au COURRIER HAITIEN Quotidien paraissant à Port au Prince, Capitale de la Républi- que d'Haiti. Cest le journal le plus le, le plus repus and le plus populaire. On ne perd ni son temps ni sont argent quand on donne une annonce au Courier Histoire. P. O. B. 203. • Administration et redaction: 322 Rue de Mexique, 322, Port-au-Prince, Haiti. OFFICIAL ANNOUNCEMENT ANNUAL COURT RECEPTION OF HIS HIGHNESS THE POTENTATE OF THE UNIVERSAL NEGRO IMPROVEMENT ASSOCIATION AT LIBERTY HALL 120 West 138th Street, New York ON AUGUST 20, 1924. At home to the Delegates and Deputies attending the Fourth Annual Interational Convention of the Negro Peoples of the World and distinguished members of the race. The Potentate will bestow upon several prominent and distinguished persons such honors as are merited for service to the race. The honor list will include personages of several continents. NATIONAL CONFERENCE OF RURAL INSTITUTE Many Mothers, Farmers and Teachers Working Together to Improve Rural Conditions of Living HAMPTON, VA. Aug. 1, Negro ministers, farmers and teachers are operating to improve their own conditions and to build up the communities which they serve. By steady stages the Ministers' Conference of Hampton Institute has quietly grown in numbers and influence. From 40 ministers of Tidewater, Va., in 1914, representing four denominations, this Conference has grown to an enrollment of 257 this year, including representatives from 13 States and 13 denominations. The president of the Conference is Rev. Dr. M E. Davis, Portsmouth, Va. The executive secretary is Rev. Laurence Fenninger, chaplain of Hampton Institute. Both officers were re-elected. Preceded by the annual sermon given by Rev. W. R. A. Palmer, D.D. of Buffalo, N. Y., the four days of the recent eleventh conference were devoted to courses of study by various exports on subjects of vital interest. Prof. Kemper Fullerton, who holds the chair of Old Testament History in the Oberlin Graduate School of Theology, gave four lectures on Isaiah. Rev. Lace K. Williams, D.D., president of the National Baptist Convention and pastor of the institutional Olive Baptist Church, Chicago, gave in several talks some account of the organizations of his church and of the need that all churches should serve their communities. Rev. Arthur L. Swift, Jr., director of field work in Union Theological Seminary, spoke on the work of Sunday schools and other organizations for the young people of the churches. Rev. P. O'Connell, D.D. professor of history in Morgan College, gave four talks on the character of Jesus. It has not been by accident that the annual Ministers' and Farmers' Conferences have been held at Hampton Institute during the session of the Summer school, when many 90 teachers are present from many different States. To further the spirit of our operation among these groups, special union meetings, when teachers, farmers and teachers were present, were held during the conference. These were addressed by Dr. James Bardy Dillard, of the James and Stets Funds; by the Rt. Rev. Lynwood W. Kylee, D.D., bishop of the A. M. E. Zion Church, Winston-Salem, N. C., and by Dr. Warren H. Wilson, head of the Department of Rural Education at Teachers College, Columbia University, and director of the Town and Country Department of the Board of National Missions of the Presbyterian Church. Dr. Wilson's subject at the union meeting was "Out of the Boll We Make Men." He spoke also several times at the Ministers' Conference on subjects of special interest to that body. The speakers from a distance who addressed the Farmers' Conference were John R. Hutcheson, State director of Extension Work, who spoke on "Co-operative Marketing," and C. W. Warburton, director of the U. S. Extension Service; also Mrs. M. M. Davis, State agent for Co-operative Extension Work in Home Economics, Mrs. Davis made a plea for the extension of modern machinery to the farm home. In order to save the farm women many unnecessary miles of walking and fro in their kitchens. A large number of demonstrations were made before the 164 visiting farmers by members of the staff of the Hampton Institute School of Agriculture, the director of which is Warren K. Bloedgett. Ministers and farmers agreed in conference that the church community center should be the unit in building up rural progress; that all types of rural workers should be taught to co-operate with one another, and that the results of such co-operation should be sent out broadcast to other rural communities. They also recommended that Hampton Institute should conduct a short course for rural ministers similar to that now carried on for farmers. DR. THOMAS W. TURNER JOINS HAMPTON INSTITUTE STAFF HAMPTON, Va., Aug. R.—Dr. Thomas W. Turner has restigned the position as professor of botany at Howard University, Washington, D. C., to accept the headship of the Department of Biology at, Hampton Institute. Dr. Turner took the degree of doctor of philosophy at Cornell University. He has been teaching botany and zoology, in the Hampton Institute Summer session for Teachers. THE SURPASSING NATURAL RICHES OF THE REPUBLIC OF LIBERIA Dr. East, of the Baptist Foreign Mission Board, tells Us What the People Need for Education and Development Rev. J. E. East, the corresponding secretary of the Foreign Mission Board of the National Baptist Convention, after a visit to the Republic of Liberia, West Coast of Africa, has the following to say about the conditions of life and living as he found them, together with the surpassing undeveloped riches of the country in a report to the board, published in the Mission Herald for July: It was our pressure to be in the capital of the Negro Republic, where we could have a chance to study the government with its president and officials, all members of the black race. Any fair-minded mar. who looks carefully into the situation. must admit that they are doing well. Surely they are accused of graft of oppressing the weak, of corruption in politics, but what naion is exempt from these evils? They have their governmental work well systematized. The acts of the Liberian Government are not nearly as dark as people would think. Their constitution and their laws are fashioned after ours. Like us they have laws for the welfare and protection of their citizens. Violators are punished by the most minor penalty to the capital. Two were hanged in the town of Monrovia, while we were there. One of these was a West Indian, who had brutally murdered a friend wion he had carried out hunting. The murder was a clear case against him. After many appeals he was finally condemned, and the day fixed for his execution. Early one morning he was led out of the jail and was walked about half a mile over to the cemetery, the coffin being carried just before him. There right in the sight of the grave where a gallows had been erected he was put on the scaffold and given an opportunity to have his last word. He confessed to being responsible for three other murders on his side. Then his funeral was praached, and he was committed to the earth—all the while he was standing there so he could see and hear. The whistle was blown, the trap was sprung, his neck was broken, and into his grave he was laid. Apparently Are You Reaching for the Truth? I will tell you FREE Under which Zodiac Sign were you born? What are your opportunities in life, your future prospects, happiness in marriage, friends, enemies, success in all undertakings and many other vital questions as indicated by ASTROLOGY, the most ancient and interesting science of history? Were you born under a lucky star? I will tell you free, the most interesting astrological interpretation of the Zodiac Sign under which you were born. I already saw me the short date of your birth in your own handwriting, you sent of this poster and postage, enclosure if only in one form (e.g. proof) and your astrological and horoscope. Your astrological interpretation will be written in plain hexagons and sent to you, secretly sealed and personal. A great success awaits you! I will give birth with and in advance in cities, your birth and address to event dates in making. Wrote me—DADS—to the ASTA STUDIO 320 Fifth Ave. Broadway, New York of justice there as we see here. The greatest danger to the Republic is the heavy national debt, the lack of funds for agriculture, the lack of roads and other improvements, and the bitterness with which their political campaigns are conducted. Nearly every presidential election seems to bring them to the verge of a civil war, if reports are true. Traveling through the Republic, we found it to be one of the richest parts of God's earth that it had been our pleasure to exploit. The forests wave with natural wealth; the oil palms, which can be seen from every direction for fifty miles from the coast, bear each year hundreds and thousands of dollars worth of palm oil, if it could only be gathered and put on the market. Rubber, grows wild in seven varieties, some of which are of the finest grade. Then the mineral wealth of the country, almost untouched, is very great. It is known assuredly that they have diamonds, gold and ore there—the world has yet to know what else. We brought back a sample of mica. Coffee also grows wild, and Liberian coffee has a very fine flavor. The great rainfalls are another asset to the country. Crops could easily be grown all the year round. Corn, cotton, coffee, oranges, grapefruit, lemons, bananas, cocoa, all kinds of green vegetables and fruits, including watermelons and cantaloupes, grow abundantly in Liberia. At present very little is known of the interior. The Americo-Liberians are very sparsely settled at various points along the coast. Perhaps very few, if any, are settled further than fifty miles in from the ocean. Beyond this limit, within the next one or two hundred miles, we have a vast population of native people dwelling in the midst of a fine agricultural and very healthy country. In places in the interior are fine grass lands where cattle and horses are plentiful, but not so along the coast, where the Liberians live. If they would have these stocks flourish, they must dig up the trees and get out the roots so that the grass n. y grow. The possibilities in Liberia along agricultural lines are very, very great. Perhaps there is no more fertile tract of land on the whole continent of Africa than this rich republic. Roads that can be used by wagons and automobiles are limited. There is one from Monrovia stretching for about twenty-five miles toward White Plains, hitting the St. Paul River. This is a newly made road, and is still being extended. Eventually this road will run by our Suehn Mission. After leaving Monrovia for about twenty miles, there is another twenty-five mile branch from it going on towards Careysburg. This one is also being extended. Both these roads go right through the 2,000-acre farm we have purchased, and are already within two miles of it. One of these will pass our 1,525 acres of land in our Suehn Mission, but they have some thirty-five miles yet to lay before they will reach there. All of this will not be road-making, however, for twenty-five miles of it is already a good broad road, wide enough for a wagon to travel over, but small hills must be graded and bridges be made before it can be conveniently used. The People, Americo-Liberians. There are about twenty different settlements of Americo-Liberians in Liberia. Some of these settlements are named for places from which the people went; for instance, New Georgia, Virginia, Philadelphia, New York, and many others. Most of them are very large, and in a number of them are Baptist churches. Some have more than one church. Evidently the fathers who went out from this country were Baptists. They have services, but their ministers are very poorly paid—sometimes only a promise, and no pay at all. With the exception of the church in Liberia, the minister seldom gets over $5 or $10 per month, and some less than that for serving the various Baptist churches, but they are trying to hold on. The Baptists have a convention. Their president, Dr. Liberty, is a most intelligent man. The convention sends greetings to our board. We found the Liberian Baptists anoints to co-op- ersate with us. They are struggling for existence. Other denominations have given the country better educational institutions than our own. The Episcopalians and the methodist- Episcopalians have carried on good institutions there for a number of years, and thus many of our Baptist children have been educated in these institutions; and now all the leading officials, those ancestors were Baptists, arq scribers of these churches. How long shall we sleep and stand for this? Not the of the above number of settlements have good elementary schools for the training of their children. The government carries on about forty-two schools throughout the republic. Many of these, however, are among native people. It is painful to go through these various villages and see the parents who were born in America, or perhaps children of the second generation of parents who emigrated, retrograding into heathen practices, all for the want of schools and training. The Liberian Baptists are pleading for help. With $2,000 we could put an elementary school in every Liberian village, where they do not have one today, and pay a local teacher $15 or $20 a month. The children would be well trained, and then there same children could go on to our school for higher training and education, provided we make places for them. Thus we would regain much territory that we have lost in past years. These institutions, however, must not be a mockery. They must be schools in reality, not just something on paper. We must do more than we seem to do. We find that the mission work in Liberia has been carried on in quite a different plane from what it has been carried on in South Africa. We do not have the central station idea, with a number of out stations around it. In South Africa, where we were stationed, we had a central of main station, and ten out stations where we held services, and Sunday school and day school as far as possible. "Gossip and Scandal" Barred In Paper A Woman Founds A weekly newspaper, managed by a woman and which announces that it taboos "gossip and scandal." has been launched in Yorktown, Westchester County, Miss Cornelia Pursley, of Yorktown Heights, is the promoter and business manager. "The Yorktown Herald," as it is to be known, will be independent in politics and, has but two announced policies, which are carried prominently in the first issue. One reads: "The Herald will be a clean, home-town paper and will not open its columns to scandal or gossip, but work for the upbuilding of the town of Yorktown. No long-felt want conceived the Herald. Its birth is purely a business enterprise and its age will depend upon the patronage. It receives from the residents of Yorktown Heights and vicinity." A Negro Child Should Have a Negro Doll Because of our firm conviction that the Negro child should have a Negro instead of a white doll, The Art Novelty Co. is offering for sale, at the lowest possible prices, these beautiful dolls, as illustrated below: MA in Their Town and Earn a Good Commission to Use as Their Own Pocket Money All the enemy Negro Newspapers are fighting the Universal Negro Improvement Association. Your best answer to them is a larger circulation of the NEGRO WORLD in your community. If you are a loyal member and want to help, see to it that the Negro World goes into every home. If you have any children of school age send in ($200) two dollars for a child's Agent batch of Negro Worlds to start the child for the first week. After the first week's sale send in money every week for as many papers as the child can handle. Let the child go to all the colored people in the neighborhood and make customers for the NEGRO WORLD, your own pager. Write Business Manager, Negro World, 56 West 135th Street, New York City. Send $2.00 for first week's supply. Our people have just cause to complain because of the unequal accommodations provided for them by the real-rise companies in this section of the country. The law provides that there shall be equal accommodations on public carriers; but this law is disregarded in the most studious and systematic manner. Let us suppose a passenger starts from Nashville, Tennessee, to Cleveland, Ohio. He is forced into a dusty, dingy apartment right next to the baggage car. This baggage car is sometimes occupied by a pet dog or a mad goat. The former barks and, growls continually, while the latter fills all the colored coach with a long (but unsavory) perfume. In addition to the punishment, inflicted by this close proximity to these ill-mannered animals, there is a painful lack of room for the number of passengers who ride on the train. Only about one-third of a coach is set apart for us and we must be content with that. no matter how crowded and uncomfortable it may become. Colored women are sometimes compelled to ride long distances standing with babies in their arms, unless they are rescued by colored men who out of respect for the women of their race give up their seats to them. These women are riding on tickets which are labeled first-class and call for first-class accommodations. Submitting tamely as our people do to segregation in Jim Crow cars, it does seem that they should have reasonable moving space; that they should at least be made comfortable in transit. The people who operate the cars, the people to whom we must complain, the people who make the laws, the people who execute them, the commission that regulates traffic, the people who make public opinion regarding all this inequality are members of another race Our fortunes are in their hands, many of them high officials, in Christian churches throughout the Southland, who listen twice a week to the gospel of right, equity, and brotherly love; who are admonished almost daily that the strong should bear the infirmities of the weak. It does seem to us that appeals made to people of this character should not fall on deaf ears. Let us hope that a new social con- WORLDS BIGGEST BARGAIN for Stout Women SPANISH LACE Foulard DRESS £398 Stout and Foulard Size 32 to 54 A Money Back Guarantee We do not guarantee to send Chloe Brown's dress if you do not purchase it. We guarantee that if you buy it, we will send it to you. Send No Money We do not guarantee to send Chloe Brown's dress if you do not purchase it. We guarantee that if you buy it, we will send it to you. WORLD MAIL ORDER CO. societies will come over our friends in this beautiful metropolis our great country that they may come to realize that he who expresses the smallest and most insignificant human being offends the great Creator, who made "of one blood all nations to grow upon the face of the earth." The strong and rich can afford to be just, even though they may not be prompted to exhibit any unusual generosity. BISHOP L. E. GUINN R. H. I. C. S. 633 East Sixth Street, Chesterfield, Ohio Pier 11, New York Library No. 6 is in one book. History of the American and African Negro Slavery, two combined in one, price $1.68. No. 7 is in another book. Bible not printed in our Bible. Price $2.98. The Old and New Testament together, $1.15. The Bible on the Biblical Black Book, in the mass letter, Now to Make Money, $1.82. New Testament not printed in our Test- ment, price $2.10. The Signs and its departure, the signs of its way beailed of all manner of sickness and all manner of diseases, price $2.58. Book You may to Make Money, the Book of the Bible, Enoch, with about two of things; the world may be in doubt so is the willingness of Mara the wife of the wisdom of Relativity; the world may be in doubt about the Darwinian theory of evolution; but there is no thing about which the world is not doubt, and that is that Marvous Carver lives and that he is on the job. (Applause.) If Carver goes no further he has already made his place in history and has already written his name indelibly upon the human mind. We of the Negro race today live in a dynamic and triumphant era. We live at a time when the right to rule other peoples without their consent is on the defensive everywhere. It is on the defensive in North and South America; it is on the defensive in Africa and in the islands of the sea. The right to rule without the consent of those being ruled is on the defensive to such an extent and public sentiment has been around against it to such an extent that mandates and protectorates and everything else have been invented in order that great and powerful nations may cover up their actions. U. N. I. A. has come up at a time which is most opportune; a time when the whole world is stirred in the interests of freedom and independence; a time when the whole world wants a chance to express itself, racially; a time when weaker peoples are crying everywhere. The Irish people are crying for self-rule; the whole world wants a chance to express same rule; the Jews are crying out. "Giving tionhood"; Haiti is crying out. "Take the lead off my shoulders"; races and nations are crying, everywhere for an opportunity to express themselves; and there is in the world today a united opinion regarding the rights of the greater and powerful nations to rule and exploit the weaker nations. It is at this opportunity time that the U. N. I. A. makes its advent, crying for liberty and freedom and independence as the black man's portion, or he may be tempted to do something which may not fit so well. (I will let you finish the thought.) The Negro also has made up his mind that if freedom, if liberty, if independence is good for those who are willing to work and sacrifice, and die for it, the time has come for him to place his all upon the altar and pay the price for that freedom. And who dare say, then that the Negro shall not be freed, and why say that the Negro cannot do it? Who say that powerful governments who now trample and exploit him shall continue indefinitely? Greece was once a powerful nation, but she no longer wields that might and power; Rome once brought before her throne kings and queens in chains, but now more holds such a colossal power: Only a little while ago the name of Germany was feared throughout Europe. Today Germany is a slave and a vassal. Who can tell whether tomorrow's history will not make a change in the position of the Negro? The time has come for the Negro; Marcus Garvey, our leader, has announced that the time has come for the 400,000,000 Negroes of the world; that this is the psychological moment. Can the Negro do it? (series of "yes," yes!). Switzerland, with her handful Every Man Who Has Lost the Vital Force of Youth May Be Restored Scientist Makes Wonderful Discovery—Says No Man Under 100 Years Should Feel Old A new discovery is said to have been made by a scientific study of Serbian mountain people who scientists say live longer than average. The study should add many years to lives of people in all parts of the world and quickly restore many strength, youthful vigor, grace and beauty lost by neglect or abuse. Scientists argue that the health of aging youth lies in the ability of their brains to be stimulated and kept in normal activity, man might live forever and admixture such as debility, sallow completion, loss of, weight, poor memory, premature senility, scrawny appearance, malancholy, despondency, etc. should disappear. This difficulty encountered by the medical world has been to find the right investigator to perfectly harmless, inexpensive and can be Hair Seed Magic Wonder Hair Grower WHEN ECONOMY AND EFFICIENCY IS REQUIRED C. LEON ESTWICK & BRO. UNDERTAKERS AND ENBALMERS WEST 100TH STREET, NEW YORK CITY of men, defeated the crusade armies around her and made herself free. 12 Amirian, with her 12 soldiers and ragged officers and soldiers, could defeat the crusade armies of Great Britain, surely the Negro, the inheritor of the civilization and achievements of ages, in this day and time, when science is the obedient slave of every man, surely the 400,000,000 Regressos of the World can take care of their freedom and their independence. I am glad to live at this time, when the black man has so much to live for; I am glad tonight. That I am a black man: I am glad that I have the opportunity to be a part of this program; I am so glad that if I could by hook or crook, if I could by using any kind of chemical, become yellow or brown or white. I would not change my color. I am proud that I am a member of the Negro race. Yes, Bishop McGuire was right. I know no American, no West Indian, no African negro, I only know that I am a Negro, and whether I be West Indian, African or American. The negro means that you are here. I am damned by the same men you are damned by, and capable of having the same rope just around my neck, so it does not matter where I came from. The time has come when the Negro should stop dissipating his energy and his strength in factional fightings, denominational fightings. The time has come when the Negro should have only one political organization, one religion, one church and one country until the program of the U. N. L. A. is put over (applause). Then, after a few months, we get into the United States of Africa, we can organize all the different kinds of churches and institutions. Freedom is that for which the Negro has started. The Negro today known exactly what he wants. Heretofore he has done nothing because he has been unsettled as to what he wanted. He has been talking in a vague way about political opportunities, social equality, etc. he has been divided as to what he wanted as a race, he could not make up his mind. But Marcus Garvey came and he has made up his mind. What is it? What is it that the black man wants today? He knows. He is not quibbling. He knows. He wants an opportunity to express himself in a government of his own. He wants nationhood, nationhood, nationhood, all that goes with it. He started in the U. N. I. A. He started out to make Africa that home, he has started to develop in Africa that nation; he started out for that which all men had been willing to pay, any price. The Negro has awakened to the necessity of having what all men strive for, freedom of opportunity to live and work and develop as his own racial consciousness didate. Freedom, oh, what is—nourished thing for which men were willing to serve in France was willing to battle herself in blood; for freedom, Ireland was willing to wade through hell; for freedom, the fathers of the great country starved in Yorktown, france upon the streets of Jersey, fought at Valley Forge, the blood from their feet left trails on the ley fields; for freedom, they were willing to lay their all on the altar, bare there bosoms to the masses of the battle taken in the privacy of the home. It was not unusual for nurses, who after careful research, have such great faith in its resilient power that they treat patients in up to 180°. The treatment is put up in tables, known as incubators, and incubated with mediate results, best indications being improved aprilage, nerves tamed up, realtive skills obtained by automatic tests were so advanced by automatic tests were ranged for everyone interested in long life, youthful vigor and health to test it without your name and address (no money), to Atlas laboratory, to all cell-site, to Sims of Uimz order to mail under plain wrapper. On arrival, your order must be accompanied by cash. If you are not highly pleased in one case, just email your order promptly refunded in full. Anyone should feel the trial offer, as it is fully guaranteed—A-4. Nature's Way of Forcing the Hair to grow long, soft and healthy. A combination of dried and powdered seed. Just clean your scalp and use a fine brush to apply the SEED GROWER gently in the scalp. Do this tonight; watch your hair. grow, it's a mystery. Price 35 cents. An old-fashioned, true and honest hair grower. Try it. Ladies, let us send you a full six months treatment for $1.00. Hair Seed is a powerful stimulant, it excites the scalp to a new and healthy action. Kills dandruff and tetter the very first treatment stops the itching of the scalp and at once the short temple hair begins to grow fine. This compound has the endorsement of the Medical Profession as being the best grower ever offered to the public. IT GREW HAIR on a head that had been bald ten years. We can prove it. Would Not Change The Negro Has Decided Sikhs and bring back freedom and liberty and independence. That was the prize they were willing to pay for the freedom and prove they now enjoy. Price Must Be Paid If you want to have freedom, go back to your history and see what price others have paid for the main thing for which you are struggling and fighting now. Read how for freedom they starved; read how for freedom they sacrificed and suffered, but history falls to give you a current account of the graves that were made; to manage the tears, the waves of blood they were willing to exchange for freedom and power. The members of the association, being close students of history, have made up their minds that if Englishmen could pay such a price; if Frenchmen could pay such a price; if Germans could pay such a price; if yellow and brown men could pay such a price, the Negro, too, will pay such a price in order that coming generations may enjoy the freedom for which they are now willing to pay. (Applause.) We cannot turn back. This, the first day of the Fourth International Convention, of the Negro peoples of the world, is one or one serious import. It brings with it responsibilities. There rests in our hands as delegates the destiny of a race; coming generations are to appraise what you do during these thirty-one days while you are in New York. Coming generations are to put their stamp of approval or dammation upon your conduct here. The time has come for sorberness and for serious-mindedness. The time has come for those of us who essay to lead and who essay to decide the problems vital to our race to: be cool of head and deep in thought in order that we might not do anything for which our children will be ashamed in the days to come. The U. N. I. A has struggled for this for five or six years against every opposition, and the association has been able to turn the opposition to good effect. The U. N. I. A has not suffered much on account of that opposition. In fact, the opposition the association has had has been just that which was necessary to send it to the heights which it has now attained. The U. N. I. A, like all other great movements, thrives on opposition. All movements that are, not strong enough to generate opposition cannot live very long. Do you know why the kite leaves the ground and goes up into the air? It is on account of the opposition of the wind. If the wind did not oppose it, the kite would not leave the ground. Do you know why there is a propeller on an airplane? That propeller uses the wind's opposition and enables the aeroplane to go forward. Do you know what sends a boat from one port to another? When the propeller turns in the water, the water resists being moved. If the water would move easily to the propeller the boat would not go forward. It has been the opposition on the part of the already established Negro institutions, fighting the U. N. I. A, that has given it strength to go on, until now we are in sight of a free and redeemed Artes. The Negro Did It We are proud of the achievement and accomplishment of the U. N. I. A. for one special reason. It is this: All that we have been able to do, all that we have been able to accomplish, has been because the Negroes that make up its membership are willing to make every sacrifice. The U. N. I. A., unlike other Negro movements, did not start out with its hat in its hand to the other fellow asking for its program to be financed. All that we have built up, all that we have done, in a constructive way, has been done out of the pocket-books of Negroes, has been financed from the earnings of Negroes. Tid 'U. N. I. A. did not care to do it in the other way because we realize that if we want to inaugurate a program which Negroes would dictate, Negroes should be compelled to donate. We are still depending on you; and you, to make sacrifices to carry forward this great program. We are standing now at a point where to make a mistake would mean detriment, not only to the association but to the race as a whole. We are appealing to you because we cannot carry on, we cannot build upon what you did last week, last month or last year; we are appealing to you tonight to further assist us in carrying on this great program. Some of you hardly realize what it costs to carry on this great program and we are not building the constructive part. Why when Germany was at war with the world she spent millions of dollars for the purpose of spreading her propaganda alone. America, together with the allies, spent millions of dollars in spreading propaganda alone, simply to tell the world that her cause was a just one. The U. N. I. A. for six years has been telling four hundred million Negroes that Africa should be redeemed for the Africans, and that it will cost money. Those of you who keep up with the progress of the association know the great expense we have taken upon our shoulders in the last seven or eight months. You know the great program we are trying to put oyer. I know that many of you here tonight contributed last year or the year before to this great program, and you may ask whether you should still be called upon. I say yes. It calls for your maximum energy, your maximum effort, the maximum "financial strength that the race can put forward. You should realize the great responsibility that reacts upon the association and we are asking you to make your contribution tonight in order to help to put over our great work. (Applause.) For reservation to the West Indies, call 212-252-2522, language flight, etc., attended to. ITS OWN SCHOOLS OF EDUCATION? Booker, T. Washington, late great stress upon self-help in his educational propaganda. No race can raise another. To reach the goal of excellence every one must help itself upward. As with an individual, so with a race. The Negro race is no exception. Its biggest strides have been those made by its own help. Philanthropy has done much; our white friends have stood by loyalty. But they would be disappointed if, after all their help, the Negro was not learning to carry his own load. When we look into the subject of how the Negro has helped and is helping himself in education, in business, in church, in industry, etc., we find a great deal of ground for optimum, as to the future. Indeed, we find much surprise. As far back as 1798 a school was opened in Philadelphia in Bethel M. A. E.-Church, to help improve the intellectual status of the few colored people then inhabiting that city. As far back as 1811 a group of Negro ministers of the African Methodist Church of Ohio laid plans to start "an manual labor school" for poor colored boys. In most of the large centres of the North long before the Civil War private schools colored people for their own. Barclays taught for many years in Philadelphia, and had a famous private school; in fact, in places where prejudice kept colored children out of the public schools the colored teachers took much of the burden of education of their race in their own private schools. Even in the South this was done in spots. One of the most famous of the Negro private school teachers was Daniel A. Payne, afterward Bishop in the African Methodist Episcopal Church. He operated a school in Charleston for many years and is said to have had some white pupils. He was expelled from the State because of the law passed in the early thirties prohibiting Negroes from teaching school. This same Daniel A. Payne, however, was one of the founders of Wilberforce University in 1856, and when the white people had abandoned the work he, as he said, without a dollar but only on faith, contracted to purchase the Wilberforce property "in the name of the Negro race and the A. M. E. Church." This today is the oldest institution of the New World owned and operated by Negroes. It has a plant worth more than a million dollars; has about a thousand students, and stands second among all the colleges of the country in number of students and the value of its equipment. The Negro church took the lead in educational self-help as in religious improvement. All over the country Baptists, Methodists and others have vied with their white brethren in doing something for the education of their race. The first in the field was the African Methodist Church. In 1863 it took over Wilberforce University in Ohio. This was before the Civil War was over and before Negroes were really liberated. That same year it started church organization in Georgia and North Carolina, and private schools soon appeared, and thereafter a church was started soon after the school was opened. Hundreds of these schools were scattered over the South and many bright young men and women who had been educated in the North were imported to teach these schools. The infant statistics show that these schools have been successful to some of the largest universities in the North, from which they have drawn many of the members of their faculties. Allen University for a number of years has had some of its best students in Boston University, Harvard, Columbia and other institutions. During three consecutive years some one from this school has taken a degree from one of the above named institutions. It is sometimes said that the schools can by colored people would be left to deteriorate. As an indication of the quality of the faculties of these schools, it might be stated that Wilberforce University has the only Negro Doctor of Philosophy from a German university as its president. Dr. Gilbert H. H. Jones, while on its faculty are graduates from Brown, Harvard, Columbia, Oberlin, Chicago, Ohio State University and ```markdown ``` Druggists, Dealers and Agents! You Need Our Headline Candies Send a Great Stamp for Sample and Particulars. ADAMS CHOCOLATE CO. 128 Loox Avenue New York, NY 10024 IF U DON'T C CONSULT DR. 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C. & S. of NY, New York, NY B. C. & S. of NY, New York, NY B. C. & S. of NY, New York, NY Harford, Va. GOOD WILL TRADING CO. 2847 Eighth Avenue New York City 8100 A WEEK CAN BE NADO GALLE Date Curved World Climb to the exposition Positively the greatest step on the map biggest opportunity over all to achieve the greatest success Your tours will be located on or outside campuses in the leading nonprofessional every sale. Patented and board own. Take in your office or visit the back of the junk Cooperative Distributors, Chattanooga, Tenn. FREE SUIT FOR AGENTS AGENTS—Get our powerful proposition, assured of finest furniture for your most mature needs. We play big role in giving every active agent his own suit absolutely free. Knickerbocker Tailoring Company, 231 Se. Peoria, Chicago. AGENTS—Make 810 a day selling Le Palmy toilet articles, perfume, toiletries and accented wager. Write Types & Co., Box A, Parla, Tennessee. WANTED WORK FOR PUBLIC HAM—Get your position, Men, women, 180-319 monthly steady wage; candidate can be free. Write immediately. Franklin Institute, Dept. P-72, Rochester, N. Y. A WHOLESALE dealer of cigar wants to get in connection with cigar shops, 400 West 338th St. New York City. THE ADDRESS of real estate agent to sell home property in Jamison, Long Island, to colored people. James J. Oliver, Brivater and Battie Brewers, Jamison, L. ALL MEN, WOMEN, BOTH GIRLS, 17 to 68. 1100-3190, traveling or stationary. Write Mr. Jamison, 432. St. Louis, Mo. Immediately. FIREMEN, brakmen, bagagmen, shopping Experience unnecessary. $29 Railway Bureau, East St. Louis, IL. AGENTS WANTED—Men and women, make $3 per day introducing dress goods and houseware. $100 for housewarming House, 11 Grand Street, New York. MEN and WOMEN in every town to call our office for commissions. Guest 1st. Forman office, 14D, Flintwater, Cann. TO LET 129 EAST, 82nd AVE.—Four large room—hot water and electricity. 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An- d back. 86 East 131st St. St. Paul Harleston 7620. TO LET—Furnished room; private; modern applicants. Apply Bennett, 96 West 125th Street. TWO FURNISHED ROOMS for gentlemen, with refined people, Call Mark 8116. UNFURNISHED APARTMENT—Four-light room; all improvements. 317 W. 123rd St. LAMICHE FURNISHED ROOMS—Private LAMICHE FURNISHED 3175 Sermont Avenue ANDERSON. NEATLY FURNISHED ROOMS—Strictly private. 2913 Bruns Ave., corner 1939th St. Neatly Furnished Private Room for rent, 397 W. 183th St. third door room. ELEGANT FURNISHED ROOMS—April, 1 195A West 197th Street. FURNISHED ROOM TO LEFT—290 W. 183th Street, April, 4R. PUNISHMENT BOOKS NO OBJECTION TO CHILDREN. APPLY THURSDAYS AND SUNDAYS BOWED, AT BEST IST DAYS. CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHTS OF MEGRA AS CONSTOUSED BY SUPREME COURT Mr. Rowling there was every question and information article in the New York World of Sunday, July 15, headed, "The Supreme Court - Volunte Only Forty-eight Articles of Congress in Last 128 Years" from which we take those paragraphs bearing on the civil and political rights of the Negro people as construed by the Supreme Court; of the United States, which has religiously denied the Negro people the civil and political rights guaranteed them by the Constitution of the United States and desolated them by the constitutions of many of the Southern States, especially States of the southern group. The information should be interesting and instructive to the readers of The Negro World. The article follows: There was a lapse, or fifty-four years before the second case. But when it came, in 1857, it was full of dynamite. It was the famous Dred Scott decision of 1857, invalidating the "Missouri Compromise". Act, March 6, 1820, by which Congress had hoped to solve theateful problem of a nation "half slave, half free." By the terms of this compromise, slavery was to be forever prohibited in all that portion of the Louisiana Purchase lying north of latitude 36 degrees 30 minutes and not included in Louisiana. The case came up on appeal from the United States Circuit. Court for the Missouri District, where Dred Scott, a Negro, had sued to obtain the freedom of himself, his wife and their two children. Scott had been a slave belonging to one Dr. Emerson, an army surgeon, who, in 1834, had taken him from Missouri to the military post at Rock Island, Ill., and later to Fort Snelling, in what is now Minnesota. In 1838, coming back to Jefferson Barracks, Mo. Emerson sold Scott and his family to one John F. A. Sanford, but when the new owner attempted to take possession the human chattel sued him for trespass vl et arms. Dred Scott Decision Scott's basic claim was that under the terms of the Missouri Compromise both Illinois and Minnesota were "free soil" and that his residence there had automatically emancipated him. The Supreme Court denied his contention LEARN THE VALUE OF ADVERTISING AS IT PAYS ALL SUCCESSFUL BUSINESS MEN WILL SUPPORT THIS STATEMENT Do Not Throw Money Away by Starving Out Your Business of Publicity. The Same Way an Oiler on a Limited Train Stops to Oil the Wheels for Smooth Running, So You Too Must Stop to Oil Your Running Business With Advertising Success Comes to Those That Reach After It A Few Dollars Spent for racing of an Ad Worthwhile per Such as the PRO WORLD and Your Business Jp 100 Per Cent. You Advertising in Our Valuable Medium the Largest Circu- Negro Weekly One Million Read- ers All Over the Country CALL OR WRITE FOR SPECIAL RATES AND SAME WILL BE GLADLY SUBMITTED YOURS FOR SUCCESS NEGRO WORLD OFFICE 56 West 135th Street Phone Harlem 2877 H. C. SALTUS, Advertising Dept. NOT EVEN STANDING ROOM IN AMERICA 10,000 YEARS HENCE, SAYS PROFESSOR and invalidated the Missouri Compromis- ment by declaring it unconstitutional on the ground that an act prohibiting a citizen from owning certain property in territory north of a certain line and granting the right to others, was not warranted by the Constitution. The thirteenth decision, in United States v. Reese, 1876, was the first of several defining and limiting the effect of the 'emancipation Amendment.' Act May 13, 1870, provided for the punishment of any who refused to receive and count the votes of qualified citizens because of their race, color or previous condition, of servitude. A white election inspector of Kentucky was indicted under this act, and the case came up for decision on his demurrier. The Supreme Court held that the act, as a penal statute, was faulty through ambiguity of language, and took occasion to announce a general principle that the Fifteenth Amendment did not confer the right of suffrage on any one, but simply prevented the States, or the United States, from giving preference to one citizen over another. The 17th decision in United States vs. Stanley, declared unconstitutional parts of the Civil Rights Act of March 1, 1875, punishing those who might deny to Negroes equal accommodations at hotel, theatres, trains, etc. The court hold that the 13th and 14th amendments only prohibit the passing of discriminatory laws against members of the Negro race and hold no warrant for penal enactments directed against the discriminatory acts of private perons of corporations. The next decision, in United States vs. Harris, 1863, attested great feeling at the time because it nullified the act April 29, 1871, an attempt by Congress to punish the activities of the original Ku Kluxes. The act provided that: "If two or more persons in any State or Territory compile, or go in disguise upon the highway, or upon the premises of another, for the purpose of . . . depriving any person, or class of persons, or of equal privileges and immunities under the laws, or for the purpose of preventing or hindering the constituted authorities from giving or securing to persons the equal protection of the law—each of said persons shall be punished by a fine of not less than $500, or more than $5,000, or by imprisonment for not less than six months, or more than six years, or by both." The court held that the Constitution holds no warrant for the enactment of this Federal penal statute, and that its acceptance "would invest Congress with power over the whole catalog of crimes" which properly fall under the jurisdiction of the local police power. The Civil Rights Act and the question of race equality came up again in 1913 in Butts vs. Merchants' and Miners' Transportation Company. The court denied, as not within the Intent of Congress, the validity of these equal treatment provisions solely in places like the sea and the District of Columbia, which are within the jurisdiction of the United States, but of no State. British Hold on the Sudan to Be Maintained (From the "London Chronicle") Labor contributions to the debate on the Sudan in the House of Commons this evening were in marked contrast with the speeches that members of the Government party used to make. Mr. Ramay MacDonnal was last year insisting on Inquiry into 'minister' exploitation of the natives. He wants no inquiry now and there seems to be nothing minister. Indeed, he warmly eulogized the British administrators in the Sudan and said in effect that things are going well there and that we need only keep moving in the same direction. And though in no spirit of aggression or acquisition—he is all for maintaining the British occupation "It must be clearly understood," he said, "that Great Britain cannot throw off its region abilities, contacted to the Sudan and the Sudanese by withdrawing and hindering the government of that country ever to any other government." Zaghul Coming Happy in having disposed of the report, on his trip to Paris, he was in benign mood. Not only is the Sudan all right, but things will be well with Egypt also if only Zaghal Pasha (who is coming to London) is reassoubled and will be ready to come to the new understanding made necessary by recognition of Egyptian independence. No Egyptian interest will suffer, he said; and, in particular, the water supply will be completely safeguarded. But there was a note of warning—the period of negotiations must not be used for upsetting the status quo in the Sudan. And he insisted on direct negotiations with Egypt, refusing any reference to the League of Nations. WILLIAMSTOWN, Mass., Aug. 2. There will be not even standing room in the United States 10,000 years from now if the present rate of increase in the population continues, said Prof. Henry P. Fairchild of New York. University in opening a round table conference on populations and related problems at the Institute of Politics today. Ladies of Royal Court of Ethiopia Return Thanks To the Editor of The Macro World, Kindly allow us, the Ladies of the Royal Court of Ethiopia, publicly to thank the Minister of Legions, Capt Wilmer Robertson and the Royal Engineers, so ably commanded by Col. Samuel Lord, for co-operating with Mrs. Shaperson Yong, in constructing the floats for the parade. These gentlemen worked faithfully, night, and day for one week and certainly exhibited their skill as master carpenters. Capt. Robertson made the excellent plans for the floats, assisted by Mrs. Young's creative and artistry ability. In fact, so many helped to decorate and make the floats beautiful, that individual praises would be invidious. Also, we have to thank the Black Cross Nuraces for helping with and approving the design of their float. Tours for the cause Aricle. MARION WALLACE. Secretary Ladies of the Royal Court of Ethiopia. New York City, Aug. 2, 1924. WHITE MAN'S CHRIST ISN'T REAL CHRIST Christianity Is Not a Failure, but White Christians Have Fallen Short of the High Calling (From the Indianapolis: Freeman) (From the Indianapolis-Freeman) The most serious charges that can be made against Christian communities are these: that they have not given Christianity a fair trial, and that there is a preponderance of evidence that this faith of our fathers will not be sufficiently backed up with works for a long, long time. During the nineteen hundred years of studying and preaching Christ's laws for ideal living, both individual and community, it can be truthfully said that the majority of so-called Christian people have in spirit bowed down to Baal and worshipped him. They have preached peace while they deliberately planned and made war, ye, and made war increasingly diabolical with no justification that was loftier than Alexander the Great's, Caesar's or many other of the heathen warriors. In business, in social life, in politics, and even in the church, the crave of the conqueror just for selfish glory and power has been the great urge. Where is the community of any considerable size in which a large majority of its citizens have for any reasonable length of time made a serious, sustained effort to use their talents for good only or for good most of the time? Where is the community of considerable size in which a large minority of its citizens sincerely prayed day after day for victory if they were right and for failure in interest of a better life if they were wrong? For nineteen hundred years man has murdered and mumbled, "This will be done," but he meant not God's will but his own will and therein was the source of all the trouble. How much better is the situation today? If selfishness is not regnant it never was. Even in the pettiest of affairs, there are too many who love you only when they can use you and speak well of you only when it serves to advance their cause to do so. In the most Christian of Christian communities, the United States of America, the land of the free and the home of the brave, men who, are at heart against many things and conditions they know to be wrong and destructive to this nation they profess to love, four to either speak or act against them, let they lose their prestige, money, friends or election to public office. Fear, fear, that fear which is the tenomious child of selfishness, has gripped the souls of those whom nature has marked out to be heir-hearted and there are many of this type, while harried and predicuous, holdy heart and scantily there, show men why they should not be fit with their fellows, yes, why they should oppose them and make them forget their divine attributes, if possible. Look how the political parties are training to do the vital tasks that cannot be evaded (try as much as they must) and must be solved. It appears that the parties fear to put the question of right and living to the people for education by calling a stake a spade by naming the evil or supposed evil to be excavated. No racial group is free from the fault herein complained of. Two a large number of our great bodies that exist solely for the promotion of a practical idealism are hampered by it. The poor are as responsible as the rich. Of course there are exceptions, but they are not sufficiently powerful to do more than preach and protest. To whom is it not evident that the ruling passions of today are not love and brotherhood, those two things for which men will not faller even in the face of severest tests? It is not strange that mankind, after having tried to build a happy state on every other foundation and failed, still clings to idol gods, still rejects the last and only test, still fears the consequences of a practice that will make all men strive together for the greatest good for the greatest number, regardless of race, color or creed. By the end of this century, he explained, at the rate of increase in the years immediately preceding the World War, this country would have one-third again more People than China has now, with one-fourth less land. By the middle of the next century the population of the United States would equal that of the whole world today. WEIRD MYSTO OUTFIT The ORIGINAL seard. Myto' Talisman Nine-wards of evil, greatness, and the greatest success to ever in LOVE, business, games. ALL Undertaking. Grew gold fish, asked me with Lucky Myto Ruly, and discovered, so any fugger. ALSO The starting MYTO WONDER, ambling and starting throughout the year with ALL questions. LOVE? Hate? Enomnes? Married? Childhood? Life? Death? FRED A DREAM: BOOK—ALSO Free plan to make money. F/T, full postage. Colin Westwood, Farnsworth, United and 23.00 cash with order not required, by post office regulation. MYTOOCE: 123 Clarend Street, Bost, 11, New York City According to a news report of the concluding lecture of our Valentine Chirl, formerly director of the foreign department of the London Times, before the Harris Foundation of International Politics at Chicago as appearing in a recent issue of the Christian Science Monitor, the "clash of color," setting faces in antagonism one to another is a problem not without solution. Of its overcoming he vouchsafed: The more firmly we ourselves believe in the superiority of a civilization which, so far, it has been the privileged of the white man to build up in his Occidental homelands, the more we are bound by its principles and the principles of the common Christianity which are its foundations to do all in our power to temper theutterness of a racial discord which, if it spreads and deepens, may threaten the future of the whole human race. Often as our own practice may have fallen short of our ideals, the common civilization of the occident to which America belongs, quite as much on Europe, must surely as before us delimit ideals for which we should all strive as nations and as individuals. Sir Villette declared that more than ever before the peaceful realignment of the relations between the occident and the Orient depends upon the solution of the race problem in Asia. He observed. All the manifold discourses of the Orient are bound up together in the clash of color. This is nothing new. But it has acquired a new significance with the white man's assumption of superior and indebted rights based on the superiority of the race. The Oriental, who for a time admitted and acquiesced with almost total牲耻 resignation in the white man's superiority, denies it today. denies it sometimes passionately—for all his atavistic instincts, reacting against the aggressive impact of the Occidental civilization, rebels as never before against it, sometimes contemptuously, because increasing intercourse, has made him too familiar with the seamy side of our civilization, sometimes because he has assimilated enough of its inner ideals to claim the rights of equal partnership, in all that is best of it. So long as personal Intercourse between the Occidental and the Oriental was confined within very narrow limits, the white man had much less stress than he does today on mere racial superiority. To India, for instance, England has sent out on the whole her best. Increased Difficulties Social intercourse between people of different beliefs and different customs and different domestic institutions was always difficult, but it has become far more difficult with increased facilities of communication and the introduction of modern natural scientific appliances and industrial trading methods, necessitating the employment in subordinate capacities of a type of European with whom the Orient was latheto unfamiliar, with plenty of good qualities, but rather breeding and education to boast of their racial superiority and to impress their sense of it somewhat roughly upon the Indians with whom they rub shoulders. It cannot be denied that racial hatred has often had its origin in the manner caused by personal insults to which the natives of Oriental countries of good position have occasionally been subjected by white men who trained themselves, but were not their betters. Industrial competition, of the same time, has intensified so rapidly all the world over that the troop has been engaged with a great loss of life, should be swamped by the cheaper labor and lower standards of life of the countless millions of the result which it has itself equipped to become its competitors. I have touched only on that part of the Orient which has been for many centuries interlocked in history with the Occident, but the same line of racial cleavage is deepening even in those countries of the further Orient. Ching and Japan, which have lived their own lives, almost within the memory of living man, in almost complete isolation from the Occident. In America, you have the color problem in your very midst, you have it against at your doors in the shape of Atlasian immigration. We in Europe are confronted with it along the great borderland of the Occident, and Orient, extending through northern Africa and across western and central Asia, from the northwestern Atlantic to the shore of the Indian Ocean and even beyond. Its solution bristles with difficulties, but for my own part I refuse to dismiss it as unsolvable. To the Editor of the Negro World: Having read in your last issue an address delivered by Dr. Holly, who was presented by Bishop McGuite, I beg to state that I am greatly enthused on his outlining of Healti. I read with satisfaction his quotation from Wendell Phillip on *Toussaint L'Overture*, Haitian martyr, statesman and opener of freedom for the Negroes of the Western World. My only regret is that he did not give us the entire oration. I beg, therefore, that it may be given in your next issue, or some enlightenment as to where it can be purchased. We who are born in this Western World have but little idea of the history of this great and noble men of purity. Through the teaching of the U. N. I. A. by its broadminded officers we are expecting to be equipped with the knowledge denied us. ARTHUR E. WILLIAMS. New York City. WHEN SLAVE TRADE FLOURISHED IN GREAT BRITAIN Blacks as Well as Whites Sold in London—Came to an End Only in 1834 in London A correspondent, a reader of The Negro World, living in London, has sent us the following interesting article from a London newspaper he does not name, the facts in which will be interesting as well as informative to our readers. "Londoners who may have read with some surprise that slave trading is calling for the action of our navy in the Red Sea should not forget that, up to the end of the eighteenth century, slave-trading was a flourishing industry in London itself. "A black girl, who was eleven years of age, extremely handy," and who spoke English, and did needlework, was put up for sale at the Angel Inn, behind St. Clement's Church, in the Strand, in 1769; and about this time thousands of slaves were bought and sold yearly by London merchant companies. Some were kept for work in England, but most were sent to the plantations in America. "In 1728 a Negro boy was advertised for sale in the 'Daily Journal'; intending purchasers were advised to inquire at the Virginia Coffee House, Threadneedle street. "A mixed lot," consisting of tapestry, a good charlot, and a black girl of fifteen," was sold at Crosby Hall; and at Dennis' Coffee House, in Finch Lane, near the Royal Exchange, a black boy, fit to wait on a gentleman, was auctioned. "The South Sea Company, an enterprise founded by an English peer in 1711, catalogued slaves amongst the spices, silks, tobacco and other foreign produce which were then England's newly discovered imports. "Less than 600 years ago, on the Thames-side quays, and in the workshops and bondhouses of Greenhithe and Rotherhithe, Londoners themselves labored in chains and fetter slaves or "villains" of the ruling classes. "The Saints, too, were sold into slavery from London. After the battle of Worcester-a great number of Scottish prisoners were brought to the city. Many of them died and were buried in Torrhill Fields, 'at the cost of 30 shillings,' but the rest were sold to merchants as slaves for the Barbados plantations. "It was not until 1854, when slavery was abolished, that slave dealing as a business really came to an end in London, and then the British taxpayer spent over 20,000,000 pounds in giving freedom to more than 200,000 slaves. W. H." BRITISH EXPLOITATION RUINING GOLD COAST Salaries and Wages Provided for Englishmen at Expense of Natives—More Self-Government Needed (From the Gold Coast Times) It is unerring instinct that has led our people all along to set their faces to the task of freeing themselves from political disabilities before anything else, since that is the first step towards national advancement. No country nor any race has ever advanced and prospered without having exercised effective control over the management of its own domestic affairs. It is a remarkable circumstance that people living under democratic rule have made more rapid progress and become more prosperous and powerful than those protect the republics in depotitions. Those in the United States of America, the patriots, the white democratic country in the world, which is one of the prosperous and powerful. And there is Great Britain, which has been growing as prosperous and powerful with the growth of democratic control. While on the other hand we have Russia, a larger territory than either of the two states allowed to, with its teeming millions lagging miserably behind because its people have been under the heel of autocracy. All this supports the point, that however energetic a race may be, its progress must be hindered and its career rendered a checkered one so long as it struggles under a despotic government. The history of this country during the last six years shows painfully the effects of despotic rule on the fortunes of a race. The people of this country have never toiled harder than in the last six years, but the fruits of their labors are enjoyed by members of another race, and it is quite true to say that today they are poorer than they were before the war. We know what we are talking about because we are one of the people and know their actual condition and can, therefore, speak on the subject with more authority than those who fare sumptuously in castles and indulge in indicting rosette dispatches to mislead people in Britain. The cause of the growing impoverishment of the masses can be traced to the system of government here, which vests a monarch with powers to impose his will upon a whole race and to apply the national resources upon enterprises which have not popular sanction. Of course, if the public revenues are applied to ruinous enterprises, taxation must consequently be kept at a high level in order to finance the ambitious schemes, and in a country like the Gold Coast, where the earnings of the average native are small, crippling taxation, such as we are subject to, actually operates to the impoverishment of the people. an alien power which has assumed the trusteeship for a backward race can be said to be discharging its obligations satisfactorily when it takes more out of the country under its protection than it puts into it. And the question which British statesmanship—which the Secretary of State for the Colonies, who administers the dependencies on behalf of Great Britain, should ask himself—is: "Are we putting more into the countries under our protection than we are taking out of them?" The liony of the situation is that between 1858 and 1869 or thereabouts, when the imperial government was contributing, a Parliamentary grant of between £3,000 and £4,000 a year toward the administration of the U. N. I. A. P Each and every member of the U. N. I. A. photo-sheet of the uniform of the Provisional Press I. A. Delegation to the Lea- offers of the High Executive are on one sheet suitable for fr pictures on special paper. 12 U. N. I. A. PHOTO SHEET Each and every member of the Association should U. N. I. A. photo-sheet of the Hon. Marcus Garvey in uniform of the Provisional President of Africa—the 1922 U. N. I. A. Delegation to the League of Nations, Geneva—and officers of the High Executive Council. All of these pictures are on one sheet suitable for framing—beautiful oval half-tone pictures on special paper. 12 copies, 80c. Address all orders High Commissioner General Office UNIVERSAL NEGRO IMPROVEMENT ASSOCIATION 54-56 West 135th Street NEW YORK CITY For the Benefit of A Universal Negro Association and President For the Benefit of All Members of the Universal Negro Improvement Association and Friends of Its President-General A LARGE SIZE PICTURE OF MARCUS GARVEY For Framing and Hanging in the Home, With His Autograph Signature, the Only Official Picture in Circulation With Copyright You Can Secure One Now for 50 Cents, Postpaid to Any Part of the World Address MRS. MARCUS GARVEY 133 W. 129th Street, New York City Agents Who Desire to Handle These Pictures Can Also Communicate With Above Address country, there was less taxation and less oppression; while today, when the country is more productive and far more profitable to Great Britain than it was before, not only has his majesty's government withheld the financial assistance, but it has imposed on the people of this country the maintenance of an army of white officials and, worse still, it often sanctions ambitious schemes like Takorad, partly to provide employment for a number of Britishers who would otherwise remain unemployed in Britain and elsewhere. That we are spending £100,000 in salaries to white workmen at Takorad during the current financial year shows the implication of "development" in these days. "There is no doubt as to more being taken out of the country than is being put into it, and this continual subtraction must lead to the utter impoverishment of the race. As we have said, all this is due to the governmental system, and it is but the essential thing that the people have set themselves to do by working steadily to that position in which they will become the masters of their own household under the egals of Great Britain. STRANGE POWER! Grace King Whitney Unhappy, undecided, in doubt, worried, not well? Business, domestic, social, love affairs wrong? Write freely, frankly and confidentially—request information and advice pertaining this beloved woman's work and methods. You can win. Do it now. Address GRACE GRAY DE LONG Miami, Florida HOTO SHEET The Association should send the Hon. Marcus Garvey in aid of Africa—the 1922 U. N. League of Nations, Geneva—and Council. All of these picturesaming—beautiful oval half-tone copies, 80c. Address all orders L NEGRO ASSOCIATION All Members of the Improvement Friends of Its -General