The Broad Ax

W. D. ALEXANDER FLIM-FLAMMED OUT OF MORE THAN ONE HUNDRED DOLLARS BY JAMES CRAP-SHOOTING MILLER, LITTLE... WHISKY BILL WARD AND COMPANY. April 13, 1902, which is considered an unlucky day by all those who are controlled by superstition or who believe in dreams, W. D. Alexander was arrested by the police and taken to the 55th street station, charged with assault, and on the morning after his arrest Long Jim Crap-Shooting Miller informed Mr. Alexander, who is an Afro-American, that his pull with Justice Underwood was like a drag-net, that for $35 he could or would fix everything all right, that for that sum he would also furnish bonds for him. So when Mr. Alexander was called up before Justice Underwood to be examined All-Mouth Jim and Little Lawyer E. G. Alexander, who is one of the head men in the Men's Sunday Club which meets at Quinn Chapel, which is presided over by All Hash Roberts, were on hand and after much whispering on the part of Capt. Hayes whom Miller claims will do any and everything for him, Justice Underwood, Cronin, the Policeman who arrested Mr. Alexander, and Slim Crap-Shooting Jim, his case was continued for several days, and Miller and his side partner had succeeded in collecting their thirty-five dollars. When Mr. Alexander finally had his trial before Justice Underwood, who held him over to the Criminal Court, Col. Davidson, whose law office is in the Oxford Building, represented Mr. Alexander, wanted to know who was on his bond. In the mean time Jim Crap-Shooting Miller had walked to the rear of the Court room and he opened his big mouth and exclaimed: "I am still on his bond!" Then Col. Davidson felt that everything was all right, that Mr. Alexander would not be compelled to pay Miller any more money for signing straw bonds, and he returned to his office, but in this Col. Davidson was mistaken for he had scarcely gotten outside the 35th Street Police Station before Mr. Alexander was taken down stairs and locked up in a cell, and he was not in the cell but a short time before Lying Jim Miller rushed up in front of his cell and wanted to know "if he had any more money." Mr. Alexander said "no he was strapped, that he thought he had paid him for signing his bond." then Miller declared that the amount of money which he had received was no good to him, that he could not use it in his business, or words to the same effect. At the end of this conversation Jim ran up stairs and in a few minutes a fellow stood before Mr. Alexander and ordered him to strip himself, as he was commanded to take his picture for the rogue's gallery. Mr. Alexander protested at these proceedings, and at the same time he sent for Miller, and promised to pay him the other $35, which he wanted for signing his bond. Immediately after Mr. Alexander turned over the second $35 to Long Jim, Tall Jim led him to believe that he himself and his friend Lawyer Alexander was on his bond for one thousand dollars, that he was free to come and go at his pleasure, and as he left the station Mr. Alexander stepped into the saloon which is located on the corner near the station to see Old Jim and he found him, Capt. Hayes, Cronin, the Policeman, Mr. S. A. T. Watkins, Little Fleeshy Lawyer Alexander and one or two others all laughing, talking and having a jolly good time while standing at the bar. Not many nights after the enacting of all these scenes Mr. Alexander was just asleep in his room, 2947 Armour Avenue, and some one knocked very hard on the front door, and when his land-lady went to the door Cussing Jim strode up to her and wanted to know if Alexander was in the house. The land-lady said he was, and directed him up stairs to his room. Jim was as noisy as a wild bull and when he arrived in front of the door leading into Mr. Alexander's room he followed out "Alexander! Alexander! Make up and let me in. I have just nine dollars in a crap game and want to get nine dollars more from you." Mr. Alexander informed Crap-Shooting Jim that he did not have any more money, that he thought the seventy dollars paid him in full for signing his bonds." Then Crap-Shooting Jim said all right, Alexander, and left the house without obtaining the nine dollars more to go up against the game of craps. Whenever any institution or class under any form of government grows potent enough to control that government revolution must come. The story of the past demonstrates this. When the army outgrew Rome it overturned the government and put the Caesars at the head. In time when barbarian soldiery outgrew the citizen soldiery by colloguing with outside barbarians they overwhelmed the empire of the world itself. The night of ages came and all was anarchistic barbarism. Slowly small nationalities developed. Some big feudal chief outgrew the others and combined all around under himself. The nations of Europe as we now know them evolved out of the anarchy of the Dark Ages. But the history of each one shows the same. War, war and bloody revolutions from the outgrowth of some class or institution and its determination to rule. The classes in France became stronger than the government and drove the people into revolt. Later the army outgrew the civil power and placed a Napoleon as its Caesar. More abuses; Napoleon bled his army to death and the burdens returned. Again we see in France the army prepondering and we hear the words, "Honor to the Army" in the Dreyfus affair. Turn to England and behold the same. The classes by Charles First's day had overgrown all other interests. The weight was too heavy. Commerce could not tolerate the extravagance. The classes persisted with the King at their head, and ruled. But the commercial power central at London outgrew all other interests and overturned the monarchy. It ruled using the army. But even the military overgrew all other power and set Cromwell on the throne. Then came a restoration, more revolutions and today the money power has outgrown all other powers in Great Britain and even rules secretly the empire of the world. Nothing has of late held England from an awful revolution but the vast co-operative associations. The largest one of these has some fifteen hundred thousand heads of families as members having grew in 60 years from some dozen or two poor weavers combined to buy their tea and sugar at wholesale. It now has some of the largest sea going ships, and greatest factories and department stores on earth. The members share equally in the profits and thus some seven million people live easy. These and the effects of City ownership make the lives of millions of English rather comfortable. They have brought England close to socialism. We can all of us see how that the slave power outgrew all the other powers in our United States and led to the awful war. But how few of us see what is taking place right under our noses! Look at our Congress and see what power has taken the seat of the once proud dominating slave power. It is a power mightier from its combination with the like power in England than any ever knew since history began its records. Yea! it even transcends tradition. What? Greater than all the people with president and army? Yes, because it holds the will. It is not only the power but it controls all access and every avenue. And the whole money power has been delegated to this mystic combine. It is a peculiar power because it holds control of the opportunities and fevers developed in modern life. As invention has placed in the hands of a few men to do the labor formerly done by thousands just so it has transferred to a very few persons all control of the power and this centralization is still proceeding at a geometrical ratio. Think for a moment of one fact in this connection. How many millions depend more or less on the small deposit of anthracite coal. Yet half a dozen men control it. How dependent we have made ourselves on the little gold stock of the world. Yet one house owns it. And the Morgans are its secret agents. Here is the power that has outgrown government. Will the revolt come? 3rd. Each Grand Court of Heroines of eJricho shall be entitled to five delegates to the Annual Sessions of the National Grand Court. 4th. All Past and Present Most Ancient Matrons and Junior or Vice Most Ancient Matrons and Worthy Joshuas of all subordinate courts are life members of the National Grand Court. 5th. All Past and Present Grand Officers of the National Grand Court and all the Past and Present Grand Most Ancient Matrons and Grand Junior or Vice Grand Matrons and Grand Secretaries of each Grand Court are life members of the National Grand Court of Heroines of Jericho. 6h. Each Grand Court of Heroines of eJricho is required to secure a charter from the National Grand Court of Heroines of Jericho of the United States of America and Canada. 7th. The Most Worthy Ancient National Grand Matron is hereby empowered to have the secret ritual of the Order revised and printed. The following are the Grand Officers: Mrs. C. A. Curl, Most Worthy Ancient Matron, Chicago, Ill. Mrs. Rebecca A. Brent, First Worthy Vice National Grand Matron, Washington, D. C. Mrs. S. V. Holly, 2nd Worthy Vice National Grand Matron, Cedar Rapidss Iowa. Mrs. Hattie Gamble, 3rd Worthy Vice National Grand Matron, Kansas City, Kas. Mrs. Lulu Murrell, 4th Worthy Vice National Grand Matron, Washington, D. C. John G. Jones, Worthy National Grand Joshua, Chicago, Ill. Mrs. Ella Mahammett, National Grand Treasurer, Omaha( Neb. Mrs. Hattie Woolridge, National Grand Secretary, Chicago, Ill. Mrs. R. D. Boon, National Grand Lecturer, Chicago, Ill. Mrs. C. A. Cleggett, National Grand Corresponding Recorder, Des Moines, Iowa. Mrs. Annie O. Parker, Asst. National Grand Corresponding Recorder, Springfield, Ill. Mrs. W. J. Dove, National Grand Chaplain, Keokuk, Iowa. Mrs. Belle Jackson, National Grand Outer Gate Keeper, Lexington, Ky. Miss L. V. Logwood, National Grand In. Gate Keeper, San Antonio, Tex. The next annual session will be held at Boston, Mass., the first week in August, 1903. Rev. Abe. Murray, who always delights in getting in among the fresh women, wanted us to tell the name of the lady whom he assisted on the street cars at 28th and State street at half past one o'clock at night some time ago. Rev. Abe, if we must tell you, the lady was Mrs. P. Dean, who came here from Indianapolis, Ind., at about the same time that you struck this town. ```markdown ``` THE MIDDLE STATES EXPOSITION IS RUNNING IN FULL BLAST. Everything has been in first-class running order at the Middle States and Mississippi Valley Exposition, in the First Regiment Armory, 16th St. and Michigan Ave. for more than a week past. The numerous exhibits from ten or twelve states have been arranged and fill the big building which are the products of the Negro brain of this country. The attendance is increasing each day and many white friends of the race who are anxious to note its progress along all lines can be observed inspecting the various collections of exhibits and the present indications are that at the close of the exposition a handsome sum will be realized for the Olf Folks Home. CHIPS From this date The Broad Ax will be for sale at Battise's Barber Shop, 139 West 47th street. Dr. Nicholas R. Engels is steadily gaining ground every day in his race for Commissioner of Cook County. Attorney and Mrs. O. V. Royall, of Indianapolis, Ind., are spending several days with their friends in this city. If the breadth of some ministers' understanding may be measured by the width of their pantaloons, they are wonderfully brainy.—Ex. The colored people of Virginia will test the constitutionality of the new constitution recently passed in Virginia. They have employed able counsel, among whom is Mr. John S. Wise. Press Oliver, a Negro agout 40 years old, near Huntsville, Mo., fell heir to an estate worth about $24,000 left him by his former employer. The relatives are trying to break the will, but the court has turned the property over to the Negro. Lawyer Dan Morgan Smith, Democratic candidate for Congress in the third district opened his campaign last night at Butler's Hall, State and 57th streets. Mr. Melville G. Holding presided and will look after Congressman Smith's interests. Rev. Andy Carey, who can drink more Holy-Ghost bug-juice than the writer, shot off his big mouth one month ago and declared that he would run us out of town. But Andy, The Broad Ax is still doing business at the same old stand. Rev. Jasper Thomas lately showed the white feather when he learned that Old Olivet was going to be sold he lit out for the west and remained away from home until after the storm blew over. Rev. Jasper has always been noted for being a coward and a prevaricator. George Conrad, a young colored man, graduated from the law department of Ann Arbor College with high honors recently. He began life as an errand boy in the Pan Handle offices in Indianapolis, and later became private secretary to Colonel John N. Miller of the Pennsylvania lines. J. P. Howard, a colored man of St. Gabriel, La., is the inventor of a sugar cane loading machine which was given a public trial recently at New Orleans and proved highly satisfactory. Howard has patented his invention and confidently expects to realize a fortune from it. Tuesday Olivet Baptist Church was sold for the second time and it was bought in by the second mortgage men for something like five thousand dollars. It was sold at redemption sale and the trustees if we understand it rightly have one year to buy it back from its present owners. Thursday the Odd Fellows held forth at the Middle States and Mississippi Valley Exposition and a large crowd was present. F. W. Rollins, Col. B. T. Moseley, Mrs. L. Montgomery, and other members of the order delivered orations. Col. Moseley spoke on "The True Mission of Man." and his talk was all right. It goes without saying that he is one of the great orators of the Afro-American race. Mr. W. B. Getty, Superintendent of Second-Class Mail Matter, Chicago Post Office, is a polished gentleman from head to foot, and he is well adapted for the responsible position he holds, and he and his gentlemanly assistants are ever ready to look after the interests of the newspaper-men and rush their papers through to their readers. Mrs. Springstine, who was a servant in a fast house at Dearborn and 21st streets for more than two years, and her sister, Mrs. Lewis, are still very hot in their collars because Old Barnett, Little Whisky Bill Ward, Crap-Shooting Jim Miller, Andy Carey, Jasper Thomas, Abe Murray and Co., failed to give them five dollars each which they promised them for testifying against Julius F. Taylor. The Broad Ax next week will contain a long article on "Some Defects in the Management of the Cook County Jail."—Broad Ax. The real newspaper man always takes advantage or every situation in which he is placed.-The World, Indianapolis, Ind. Col. Manning, you have stated that which is true and The Broad.Ax has so far succeeded in stirring up a hornet's nest in the Cook County Jail. The white republicans of Alabama have decided to hold a state convention at which a white man's party will be probably organized. Under the action of the new constitution of the State the Negroes are practically disfranchised, and the white republicans will help to push the matter further along. It goes without saying that the action of the white republicans has caused much dissatisfaction among colored republicans.—Ex In artistic circles much attention has been aroused by an exhibition of little plaster figures by a young American artist, Miss Meta Vaux Warrick, at Bings Art Nouveau Galleries. Miss Warrick, who is a Philadelphian, and only just 20, is an impressionist, and has adopted the modeling methods of Rodin. Her very great talent, amounting to almost genius, is admitted by the best critics here. Miss Warrick is now on her way to Germany. She sailed from Liverpool a few days ago. "Consistency thou art a jewel," The Louisiana Legislature has passed a law for the separation of the races on the street cars but saw fit to "postpone indefinitely" a measure to "prohibit the living together in concubinage of any white person and Negro or Negress." Isn't this appalling? The white man's desire for separation is one sided. The races are very much mixed down there at best and hard to place them, and their despicable action certainly will not improve matters.—Ex. The Broad Ax thrown a bomb into the Cook County Jall last week, and our article on "Some Defects in the Management of the Jail" stood Jailer J. L. Whitman and his assistants on their heads, and some one has said that "Jailer Whitman is thinking about getting Old Barnett, or West Plumner or some cheap white man's "nigger" to do us some dirt. Next week The Broad Ax will ask Jailer Whitman, who poses as a reformer, some more questions about the "color line in the Cook County Jail." The respectable and independent Afro-Americans residing in the first senatorial district should not only prevent Ed. Morris, attorney for The Gambler's Trust, from going to the legislature, but they should also defeat Young Dixon, for the State Senate for the same convention that nominated Morris for the lower house chose Dixon for the upper house, and as the Dixons do not employ any colored men they have no valid claim on the colored voters, but he cannot be defeated unless a first-class Afro-American runs as an independent candidate against him. What say you colored voters of the first district, are you slaves or freemen? 100 percent agree that at all times uphold the best principles of Democracy, but Paranormalism, Protection, Knights of Lions, Snake, Humming, Republikanism, Pride, or any other can have their say, so long as their success is greater and responsibility is fixed. The Broad Ax is a newspaper whose platform is loyal enough for all, ever claiming the universal right to speak its own mind. Local communication will have attention, like only on one side of the paper. SUBSCRIPTIONS (advance): Price Fax: 65.00 W Mintage: 1.00 Writing notes were known on application, different all communications to WELS BROAD AX, 8000 ARMOUR AVENUE, CHICAGO. JULIE S. TAYLOR, Editor and Publisher. SATURDAY, AUGUST 23, 1902. MANY OF OUR SHEEP GOATS. Among stockmen it is notorious that a great deal of meat that is sold for prime mutton in St. Louis, Chicago, Louisville and Kansas City is really Angora goat meat—just as good eating and far more profitable to the stockmen by reason of the greater value of the fleece, mohair against wool, says the Kansas City World. The Angora goat-raising interest is steadily growing throughout the United States. Its headquarters, that is, the headquarters of the American Angora Goat Breeders' association, are right here in Kansas City. W. T. McIntyre is the secretary of this association. Mr. McIntyre says: "There are 50,000 Angora goats in the country, to-day and the business is growing fast. It has all been built up since March 14, 1891, when our association was formed. Then, according to government statistics, there were but 20,000 Angora goats in the United States. And not one registered. Now we have about 30,000 registered." "Registered goats range in price from $10 to $15 each. Some bucks go from $25 to $500. Plain, unregistered animals bring from $2.50 to $5 a head. It pays to raise any kind, but just now, at any rate from the stud standpoint, it is more profitable to raise registered stock. "Angora goats do better than sheep anywhere, but are especially better in brush-covered sections. They are far hardier than sheep. "Our association has 393 members now, in all parts of the United States and Canada and Mexico. We have some in Australia." TASTE IN FUNNY STORIES These Which Are Harmless to Some Minds Are Exceedingly Vulgar to Others. It is sometimes hard to draw the line between that which is humorous in a story and that which touches dangerously near the domain of vulgarity. A literary dinner given recently brought this difference in tastes prominently into view, says the Chicago Chronicle. At the right of the hostess sat a writer who has a record for artistic indecency. At her left was a man whose work is sometimes crude, always clean, vigorous, sincere. At first all went well. Then the beautiful decadent was moved to tell a story. He told it well. Its impropriety was subtly suggested, airily outlined. It was the sort of a story that makes one want the windows opened, but that one does not openly resent. The hearers accepted it with varying degrees of polite appreciation, but the man of direct and uncompromising views sat and stared in growing wonder at the teller. Finally he expressed his opinion. "I wouldn't tell that story in a barroom," he announced, clearly, emphatically. An awful hush. A mad and general plunge into innocuous conversation. The sympathy of the diners was with the critic, but social amenities must be preserved. The hostess, who collects literary lions, should not take it for granted that the law of the jungle insures kindred feeling among the royal beasts. MUCH RAIN HURTS FISHING. No Big Catches of Trout or Bass in Western Lakes and Streams of Late. Usually long, frequent, and heavy rains throughout the middle west and northwest have put back the fishing. As a general thing proprietors of resorts on the inland lakes like to see a wet spring, as those lakes are mostly too shallow, and the higher the water the better the fishing. There has been too much of a good thing, however, says the Chicago Tribune. The floods have washed quantities of food into the lakes and the bass are not eager. The trout is, above all things, a clean fish, and must have clean water in order to feel well. When the streams are muddied and sand and chips are floating down the trout retreat to their hiding places in the deeper pools and stay there until the water above them clears. The bass are not so susceptible, but still dislike to roam much or do much feeding in water that is distributed or swollen. It is the belief that the present season will be better than many of those past, because the high water now means full lakes later. In late July and August they have been too shallow, but enough of water has been stored up to last them through. In some places they are six feet above the ordinary level. ```markdown ``` "Of all the soldiers the king has decorated within the last three years of the war for bravery in the face of the enemy none deserves the Cross for Valor more than himself, who grimly and silently faced disease and death, unarmed and without a comrade," says Richard Harding Davis, in Collier's Weekly. "For now that the whole dramatic, pitiful story is out, England learns—now that it is too late—of the days of gnawing pain when her king forced himself to smile and bow at court, to watch a horse race, to review a regiment, to drive through London with an assured and cheerful countenance. It is not pleasant to think of the torture of those days, of the mental anxiety as well as the bodily torment, when the king kept on his feet against the protests of his physicians, when his endurance was tested by hours of unceasing pain—pain so great that it is not decent to disclose it. Nor is it pleasant to remember that last drive through the park to Buckingham palace, when the people for some reason failed to cheer him heartily, while all the time he sat erect, pale and with set teeth, holding himself upright only by his will, and that they might be gratified." THE YOUNGEST PEERESS. Lady Betty Bligh, Baroness of Clifton, Three Years Old, Has a Coronation Robe. The youngest peeress of Great Britain who has the right to attend the coronation of King Edward is Lady "Betty" Bligh, now Baroness Clifton, daughter of the late seventh earl of Darnley and Jemima, countess of Darnley. Although the baby countess can be barely three years old, having been born in 1900, the same year in which her father died, she is having a coronation robe made for her on the lines of those of the other peeresses, and, owing to her extreme youth, she will without doubt be an object of much interest and attraction in the coronation show at Westminster. The father of Lady "Betty" was the sixteenth Baron Clifton and seventh earl of Darnley. He married Miss Jemima Blackwood, daughter of the late Francis J. L. Blackwood, niece of the present baronet of the name, and a relative of the duke of Manchester. The tiny countess comes of a distinguished lineage. She is seventeenth in succession from the first Baron Clifton. In the history of the family the right of succession has fallen to the women of the house about as many times as to the men. BELGIANS HONOR MAY DAY. The Subjects of King Leopold Celebrate the Arrival of the Month of Flowers Each Year. The month of May is the most highly honored of the whole year by the Belgians. It is known as the virgin's month and consecrated to the Virgin Mary. In the province of Liege young maidens have a quaint way of predicting their love affairs this month. A group of girls arrange to meet at sunrise and start to walk through the fields until they come to a hedge, quite unobserved from the highway, where they generally choose a honeysuckle bush beneath the protecting branches of which to perform their mystic operations. Each maiden selects three blades of dew-laden grass, the tops of which she cuts to equal lengths, and to each of which she attaches a colored silken thread. Black represents a bacholer, red an unknown lover and green the secret desires of the maiden's heart. Ten days afterward they return to the same spot where they left the blades growing, and that blade of the three chosen which has surpassed the others in height reveals the lover the maiden is destined to have. HOW TO KEEP YOUNG. A Problem in Which the Gentler Sex Have Long Been Interested. The problem of how to keep young or how to keep from looking old, has engaged the thoughts of both men and women ever since the world began. Women especially have shown a deep interest in the vexatious matter, for their influence with men has always depended much on physical freshness and beauty. Numerous writers have contributed their views as to defying the riddle of the ravages of time. The latest well-known writer to discuss on the familiar theme is Max O'Bell. Without giving a recipe for the preservation of beauty, M. Blouet, drops many useful hints as to the causes which lead to the unnaturally early disappearance of youth in some people. Bad temper and a lack of humor are, in his opinion, the two greatest enemies of youth and beauty. Max O'Bell thinks that with the aid of a sense of humor and good temper a woman can be young and beautiful until 50. After 50 he can offer no advice on the subject. Mica Vell for Automobilists. The only successful substitute for the ugly goggles worn by automobilists are said to be a veil of mica invented by a Parisian milliner. It is intended for the use of ladies who object to the disfiguring effect of goggles. A sheet of mica in the form of a vizor, set close to the face, is attached to the cap. It is a great improvement over the ordinary devices for protecting the eyes. A FAIRY TALE OF INDUSTRY. Interesting Facts About the Great Transformation Scene to Sault Ste. Marie. Few people have any notion of the stupendous operations going on at Sault Ste. Marie, the little Canadian village on the shores of Lake Superior, where an industrial center of enormous magnitude is now being created by the energies of one man. "Harnessing Lake Superior" is the title of an article in Pearson's, which gives this remarkable story: "Five years ago the sleepy little Canadian town of Sault Ste. Marie numbered 2,500 inhabitants. Past its doors the surplus waters of Lake Superior, mightiest of inland oceans, emptied into Lake Huron. Untold millions of horse power energy lay latent in their idly flowing eddies, but only the slow-turning wheels of a few old flour mills stood to mark their commercial usefulness, while but an occasional steamer or a paddle propelled canoe disturbed the tranquil surface. Almost as in a night a metamorphosis has taken place. "Where once was a scattered group of village dwellings, great stone buildings, with towers and shafts and connecting passageways, now stand, and at their base deep-dug canals wind in and out, spanned by bridges of massive stone. Nine thousand workmen now earn their livings in the shops at Sault Ste. Marie, beside the site where five years ago the total population was but a quarter of that number. It is a truly wonderful story, this story of the growth of the little frontier town into a great industrial centre; and its story is the history of the career of one man—Francis H. Clergue." GOOD FOR JEWELERS. Ping-Pong Is Said to Be Hard on Watches and the Repairer Will Profit. "Ping-pong is a fine game," said a jeweler, who does a lot of repairing, to a Sun man. "No outdoor or indoor sport has ever given us so much to do. It is surprising how many persons have broken their watches since the game became a fad, says the New York Sun. "You see, people play the game without removing their coats or waistcoats. In the excitement they forget about their watches, and the first thing a man knows his timepiece bounds out of his pocket. Sometimes it strikes the table, but wherever it does fall the watch is damaged. "That is not all. A player may tie his watch to his pocket, but still it gets out of gear. The constant jumping around and the swinging of the arms disturbs the works so the watch has to be brought to us to be regulated. "I have had as many women's watches as men's to repair. The women are even more careless than the men. Their watches dangle from their shirt waists, and as a result the watch jumps around like a weathercock in a gale of wind. "Surprising as it may seem, my income from repairing watches has almost tripled since the craze of pingpong began." SAXONY'S ECCENTRIC KING. Interesting Stories Are Told of the Peculiar Habits of the Former Ruler. The newspapers have lately been full of incident of the life of the deceased king of Saxony, but they are mostly connected with his public military career. Of his private life little is told except that in its extreme simplicity it resembled closely that of Emperor William I. It is reported that King Albert had a rooted objection to exchanging his old clothes for new ones, and it was only with great difficulty that his groom of the chamber could persuade him to have a new coat tried on. One day when he had just undergone the torment of having clothes tried on, the king happened to pass through the famous hall of the knights, in the Dresden palace. Looking up at the figures of the mail-clad knights, he said, with a deep sigh: "What a good time the old knights had in their iron armor; they were troubled with no creases." A retired captain of the Saxony army, whom everybody knew as being under his wife's thumb, applied for permission to wear his old uniform on special occasions. The king wrote on the margin of the application: "I am quite willing, if his wife permits it." Some statistical losses are hailed with pleasure. New York city is glad to hear that it has only 65,086 horses and 3,326 stables, compared with 73,746 horses and 4,649 stables in 1896. Electricity and automobiles are responsible for the change, and it is an important one in the direction of cleaner streets. Horrors of the Cinematograph. The exhibition of cinematograph pictures showing the operation recently performed on the Hindoo twins, Radica, and Doodica, has awakened a storm of disgust in Vienna. The pictures show all the horrors of the dissecting room, and the dreadful contortions of the limbs when under the knife. Massachusetts' Smallest Town. Gonnold, the smallest town in Massachusetts, comprises those little specks of land which, beginning at Woods Holl, at the shoulder of old Cape Cod's right arm, extend seaward till they terminate in that fatal reef of the Sow and pigs. The first locks at St. Mary's falls were opened in 1855, in which year the registered tonnage was 106,296. The half-million mark was reached in 1863, and the 1,000,000 mark was passed in 1873. In 1881, exactly coincident with the opening of a new and much larger lock, the northwest began to grow by leaps and bounds, and the tonnage of the canal rose from 2,000,000 tons in 1882 to 9,000,000 in 1890 and to 16,000,000 in 1896. During the past five years, two more enormous locks have been in operation, one of them on the Canadian side of the river, and in this short time the tonnage of the canal has leaped up to nearly 28,500,000 tons. This colossal tonnage is simply a manifestation of the development which has taken place in the northwest, along with which has come the building of thousands of miles of railroad, including two lines from the head of Lake Superior to the Pacific coast, says the Engineering Magazine. If by some cataclysm of nature the great lakes should be dried up, the enormous traffic now carried on their waters would be divided among the railroads — it would simply cease to exist. The whole galaxy of cities from Buffalo to Chicago and Duluth would be overwhelmed in hopeless, irretrievable ruin and the railroads could in no wise escape the general disaster. GATHERING OPIUM. Oultivators Go Forth in the Evening with Lance and in the Early Morning with Pets. It is a sort of garden cultivation, the poppy plant being grown in little squares or beds intersected by tiny water channels for irrigation wherever this is possible. The growth of the plants is carefully tended, and at length the time comes when they burst out into flower, and the fields look like a sheet of silver as the white petals of the flowers glisten in the morning dew. These beautiful petals are the first produce of the crop, for the women and children of the cultivators' families come forth and pick them off one by one and carefully dry them, so that they may serve afterward as the covering of the manufactured cakes of opium. Then the poppies, with their bare capsule heads, remain standing in the open field until it is considered that they are ripe for lancing. The cultivators then come forth in the evening, and, with an implement not unlike the knives of a coupling instrument, they scarify the capsule on its sides with deep incisions, so that the juice may exude. In the early morning the cultivators reappear with a scraping knife and their earthenware pots, and they scrape off the exuded juice and collect it in their pots. And this is crude opium. MUST HAVE THE SWORD An Article That Is Necessary to the Completeness of a Naval Surrender. Naval red tape is as stringent as that existing in the army, and sometimes the enforcement of the regulations leads to ludicrous results. Some years ago, when the late Admiral Skerrett was a captain, an officer who had been charged with an offense and ordered under arrest presented himself to be arrested. Th regulations provide that on such occasion the officer shall be in full dress and wear a sword. The officer wore his uniform, but had no sword. "I can't arrest you," said Capt. Skerrett, looking for the missing sword, "unless you come prepared to submit your sword to me." The officer explained that he had not received his sword from home, although it had been expressed to him. "Well, you'll have to get one," was the reply. So the officer skirmished about in the navy yard for someone who had a sword to lend. Finding one, the offender returned to Capt. Skerrett and was promptly and regularly put under arrest according to regulations. DOGS REFUSE TO STARVE. The Clever Little Joke of a German Professor Who Was Called to Columbia University. Some little time ago Prof. Hirth, who was called from Munich, Germany, to Columbia university as Chinese lecturer, lived in the same house with a rabid vivisectionist, then practicing on half a dozen large dogs. Hirth's colleague was trying to find out how long the dogs could stand being left without food before they would fall upon and devour each other. The dogs were fed on wind for two weeks, yet looked round and happy. The vivisectionist couldn't understand it, says the Washington Post. The kennel being closed on all sides, it seemed impossible for anyone to feed the dogs on the sly. Still, the fact remained that they refused to starve, even after a month's apparent fasting. Then the vivisectionist watched, and discovered that late at night Prof. Hirth had lowered large chunks of horse meat into the kennel from above. Hirth had allowed each dog six pounds of horse steak and bone a day. Sheep and cattle cannot pasture over the same territory. Where the sheep wander the grass is gleaned with the devastation of a prairie fire, and the odor is such that cattle will for weeks shun the range. We shall never forget one awful day, just before a heavy thunderstorm, when we attempted to work a marsh, but found it quite impossible to go more than 20 yards without resting. A veil is a great handicap in shooting, and we found it exceedingly difficult to judge distance at all accurately. As to trying to watch birds in this country it was impossible to do so for any length of time. Directly one stopped, such a cloud of mosquitoes gathered round one's head that after a short time the bird could not be seen through the binoculars owing to the dense swarm of mosquitoes which quickly gathered in front of the glass, relates a writer in Knowledge. The only times in which we were able to discard our veils was after we had beaten the mosquitoes out of the tent and fixed the curtain over the doorway, and when after rowing hard for an hour or so on a lake we left the mosquitoes behind. At one place, however, we met a tiny black fly in such myriads that it became a far worse pest than the mosquitoes. This fly was so small that no ordinary netting would keep it out, and it crept into our hair and ears and bit so hard and unpleasantly that to escape going mad we were forced to pack up our things and run away from the place. But no one who has been in the interior of Lapland in summer can adequately describe the blood-sucking insects which possess that country. MECHANICAL STOKING. Labor Saving Machinery Taking the Place of Many Men in Shops and Foundries. The small number of men to be seen in a modern large machine works or steel mill, as compared with an old-time shop of similar importance, is a matter which has been a frequent occasion for comment, and this is doubtless due to the very general use of labor-saving machinery, says the Engineering Magazine. The cost of production in industrial establishments is made up of the costs of raw material, wages, toolage, taxes and interest, of which the largest single item usually is the wages cost. One way by which this item may be reduced is by the installment of mechanical stokers. In the great majority of steam plants the coal is wheeled to the boiler room by hand, it is fired by hand, and the ashes are removed by hand, making, in plants of 2,000 boiler horse-power or over, a wages cost of some considerable amount. The mechanical stoker may be defined as a system of great bars, dumping bars, coal feeders and automatic devices to feed fuel and control its combustion, and subsequently to drop the ashes and unburnt coal. That it is not in any sense a new invention is to be learned from the fact that James Watt took out a patent in 1785 for such a device. The mechanical stoker is of English origin, though it has been very thoroughly developed in the United States to suit the local fuels and boiler furnace conditions. APPENDICITIS IS NOT NEW. The Disorder Has Existed for Ages, But the Doctors Did Not Know It. "Why is it," asked a man of a physician, "that so many people are suffering these days with appendicitis and have to be operated upon, when there was formerly nothing of the kind in existence?" according to the Chicago Chronicle. "My young friend," the doctor answered, "this disease has been in the world ever since Adam was—perhaps that story of his losing a rib may have arisen because he was operated upon for appendicitis. When your grandfather was a boy his neighbors had it all around him, and so they did when you were a boy. But they called it inflammation of the bowels, stomach ache, acute indigestion, liver trouble or something of that sort. The patienth got well or he died, but no one ever opened him when living to see what the matter was. Perhaps it is as well that they did not, for much of the surgery of those days was more dangerous than any disease." INITIALS ON THEIR LOAVES. Montreal Hits on a Good Way of Bringing Short-Weight Bakers to Time. The city of Montreal lately passed a law to improve its bread supply. All Montreal loaves hereafter must be stamped with a number indicating their weight and with the initials of the baker, reports the New York Sun. A $40 fine and two months' imprisonment are the alternative penalties provided for each violation, and all bread not fulfilling requirements is to be seized. Besides this it is provided also under heavy penalties that all rooms for the manufacture of food products shall be at least eight feet high and floored with cement, tiles or wood properly saturated with linseed oil. The walls and ceilings must be whitewashed at least once in six months, and no animals, except cats, shall be allowed in any rooms used for the manufacture or storage of bread or pastry. Big Corn Acreage This Year. If all the land planted in corn in the United States this year were massed, the area would exceed the British Isles, Holland and Belgium combined, or four-fifths of the area of France and Germany. A truly wonderful piece of mechanism is the "picking-up" machine used in all grappling and cable-hoisting operations in cable laying. It is a powerful variety of the steam-winch family, but also a most aristocratic and elaborate member, fitted with gear-changing clutches, patent brakes and other ingenious appliances. To give some idea of its capabalities in dry figures, it can at slow speed lift 25 tons at a rate of one mile per hour, or at fast speed ten knots at the rate of four miles per hour. Moreover, it can be quickly altered and adapted to changing circumstances in speed or lifting weight, says Lippincott's. All being made ready, the big grapnel, attached to 700 or 800 fathoms of chain and rope, is passed over the bow-sheave, or pulley, and as soon as it reaches bottom the ship is sent slowly ahead. Back and forward across the path of the cable, as pointed out by the friendly marking buoys, we steam. Several times the grapnel catches something, only to lose its hold again—probably an inequality upon the bottom, although a bosun's mate mumbles "mermaid's grottoes"—but at last comes a steady strain. Every soul on board hangs over the bow, watching the grimy grapnel rope come steadily up and over the well-oiled pulley. At length the grapnel itself appears, holding tight on to the truant. CYCLES OF SUN SPOTS. Fresh Interest Lent to the Subject by Recent Earthquakes and Volcanic Bruptions. Since 1851, when the existence of a sun spot cycle of about $11\frac{1}{2}$ years was discovered, many attempts have been made to discover a relation between the sun spots and the atmospheric changes in our earth. Violent storms, floods, periods of drought and of famine, cold years, warm years, and many such variations of weather have all been supposed to owe their origin to the sun spots. But the relation which Sir Norman Lockyer appears to have discovered between sun spot cycles and the tremendous upheavals of the earth which we term earthquakes and volcanoes, lends a fresh interest to this fascinating study, says Golden Penny. The matter certainly deserves very full investigation. Incidentally, the general character of the weather in the spring of the year seems to favor the existence of a 35 years' cycle of weather. That is, three times one cycle of sun spots. The year 1867 was just after the sun spot minimum, and 1902 is also just after the minimum. It was a cold spring in 1867, and a bitterly cold month of May. The summer was very wet, and it was followed by a stormy winter, with little frost, and a very warm spring and summer in 1868. SAILORS IN BOSTON. Yachting Is One of the Foremost Pleasures and Pastimes of the Hub. Who sails boats around Boston? Why, everyone! says W. J. Henderson, in Atlantic. From the "Adams Boys," the smartest yacht racers of the east, down to the Marblehead street boy, everyone takes pride in his skill in getting the best work out of some sort of a sailing boat. Those who do not sail talk about it, and on a summer day in the drowsy atmosphere of a Boston club, or in the shadow of some tall pile in Washington street, you shall hear more racing seaman's lore than anywhere else in this country except on the cruising ground of the Rocking Chair fleet at the Larchmont Yacht club. Boston's claim to be the hub of the universe may be disputed perhaps when you consider the steel industry or the unimportant matter of freight tonnage; but when you come to talk about sailing, you must admit that Boston is the greatest yachting port in this country. Even the little children there know the history of the America's cup, and the public school boy can sail a dory with a leg-of-mutton sail for driving power and an oar for steering gear. PIGEONS CARRY DISEASE. Ohio Health Authorities Suspect the Birds of Causing a Scarlet Fever Epidemic. An epidemic of scarlet fever, starting in Cincinnati, has spread in the last few weeks through a number of towns in Ohio, and the health authorities, after taking extraordinary precautions to confine the disease within the limit of its first ravages, were puzzled to understand the means by which it was carried elsewhere, states the Chicago Tribune. They made an investigation and have now come to the conclusion that much of the contagion was spread by tame pigeons and doves which carried the germs from place to place. The evidence on which this theory is based is that scarlet fever spread under strict quarantine from a house on the roof of which there was a large pigeon cote. The only live stock about the house not quarantined was the pigeons, which flew about the neighborhood. If they didn't carry the disease germs the authorities don't know how the fever was spread. Nourishing Nations. Gold prospectors in Alaska, say they can go farther and accomplish more hard work on rice and bacon than on any other ration. LO AS A HOUSE SERVANT. Indian Boys and Girls Have of Late Been Taking to Housework in the West. Indian schools all over the southwest have recently adjourned for the summer, and the students are being employed very rapidly by those who keep servants. The Indian boys make excellent cooks, while an Indian girl, once trained, is a fine maid of all work, a modish hairdresser and endowed with an inborn taste which becomes picturesque when combined with a few civilized touches. The system of training now bestowed upon the red children at school teaches them to become servile to their superior—the paleface, and the present generation in training have become so accustomed to serving their paleface teachers that they are more than willing to enter the household as servants. Herein may lie the solution of the servant-girl question—for a time, at least, says a western exchange. Indian youths are strong, agile, and if brought up by the right kind of methods, are perfectly willing to work. They are healthy and quick of limb. This makes an excellent combination for a servant. Statistics of the Indian taken recently show that of the 45,000 workers among the various tribes, 3,000 of them are employed as helpers in the houses of palefaces. You never see the Indian servant at his or her best until you visit the home of an old Indian agent on one of the reservations. QUESTION OF CONSCIENCE The View Taken of It by a Clerk to Whom an Honest Customer Re- turned Two Cents. "Some folks," said a store clerk, according to the New York Sun, "are too honest. Now I've had somebody come in to me when the boss was standing by, somebody that had bought something of me the day be- fore, and hand over two cents and say: "You gave me two cents too much change yesterday, and I've brought it back.' "He couldn't rest, you see, that man, until he'd got that two cents off his conscience and returned it. But in getting rid of that load himself he simply shifted it onto me. Here's the boss standing by when that two cents is returned; and the boss says to himself, with his eye on me: "Hm! If you make a mistake of two cents, you'd make one of two dollars,' and so, you see, that super-honest man's return of that two cents may do me a lot of harm. "The meaning of which is, if I can make myself clear, that we don't want to be too blamed honest. A man can be too honest and worry himself over trifles that he ought not to bother over. "I should say that if the honest man must bring two cents back let him turn it in some time when the boss wasn't 'round." BETRAYED BY GOLDEN LOCKS. The Bad Experience of a Public Official Who Sought the Aid of Hair Dye. A prominent public official began to show signs of baldness, and then rather surprised his friends by appearing with a sleek, well-groomed crop of dark hair, relates the Philadelphia Record. For some time no one suspected a wig. But a few days ago he appeared with the top of his head covered with the usual dark brown hair, but a sharp line from the tips of the ears marked a strange contrast, for the hair below the line was of the bright golden hue which is the pride of the "chemical blonde." It was found out that the man found his natural hair was turning gray and desired to make it match the wig, so he invested in a preparation warranted to darken the hair, and in the secret of his own room applied it. But, owing to some strange chemical combination, instead of making the silvered hair dark it made the dark hair golden, and so far the unfortunate man has found nothing that will counteract the striking contrast, so he is compelled to endure no small amount of chaffing from his friends. THE KAISER KEPT HIS WORD. Lends Troops to Cresfeld So That the Girls Might Dance with Soldiers. During his recent tour in the Rhenish industrial district the kaiser was extremely pleased at seeing so many signs of progress. He was in high good humor when at the close of the Crefeld visit he thanked the maids of honor for their attendance, says a Boston report. He complimented them on their graceful figures, spoke of the charming Crefeld faces, and asked if the lieutenants often danced with them. When the ladies replied that Crefeld possessed no lieutenants the kaiser lunghed heartily and said: "Then I must send you some." As he was leaving he added: "I will keep my word." Next day the chief burgomaster of Crefeld received the following telegram from Lieut. Gen. von Biasing, commander of the Seventh army corps: "By order of his majesty the kaiser and king, Crefeld is to receive a garrison. Kindly forward proposals for the accommodation of a husar regiment in the town." A Love-Sick Indian. Insane because a white woman had refused to marry him Evans Brady, a full blooded Indian, died in Bellevue Hospital, New York, recently. OLDEST LIVING ENGINEER. Now 80 Years Old and Has Spent the Most of His Life at the Throttle. Christian Smith, the oldest living engineer in the country, is spending the declining years of his life in quietude near Harper's Ferry, says the Philadelphia Record. He is 90 years old, but still hale and hearty, and a fine specimen of manhood. He is over six feet in height and erect, and possesses all of his faculties. His eyesight is as good as that of the average person of younger years, and he does not have to wean glasses. Mr. Smith is the veteran engineer of the Baltimore & Ohio railroad, having begun his career on that road in 1832, when horses were used to pull cars. He has served in the capacity of fireman, conductor, engineer, supervisor of engines and assistant supervisor of trains, and was also station agent at Martinsburg and the Relay up until 1861. He was supervisor of engines on the second division of the Baltimore & Ohio railroad at the time of his retirement. Mr. Smith ran the first steam engine on the Baltimore & Ohio railroad at a speed of from six to eight miles an hour, which was considered rapid for those days. He introduced the sand box in 1836, and in the following year the headlight. In 1842 link couplers were first used by him. In 1883 he retired to engage in the quieter and less dangerous vozotion of farming. PLAYGROUND IN A STORE Chicago Establishment Has Inclure for the Accommodation of Shoppers' Children. Real grass, real sand and real wheelbarrows and shovels are to be provided for the children who visit one of the big department stores of Chicago. The idea of day nurseries where mothers may leave their children while shopping has been improved on by the management. There has been laid out on the second floor a playground for the children, with swings, hammocks, sand, and plenty of toy implements for the exclusive use of the youngsters. The pillars which form the corners of the playground are covered with bark and long branches, with realistic leaves on them, twine overhead, giving the final touch to the out-of-door appearance of the place. The inclosure is surrounded by a picket fence high enough to keep the children in, but not high enough to make them feel constrained. The first day of the new departure, there was a large number of children digging in the sand pile, running about the gravel paths and rolling on the turf. Just as fast as the grass is worn down by the feet of the little ones it will be replaced with fresh sods. Attendants are at hand to see that no necks are broken by falls from the swings and hammocks and to prevent the overmischievous from pouring buckets of sand down their playmates' backs. WOMEN FORM FIRE COMPANY. Men Couldn't Make the Youths Drill, But Feminine Tact Found a Way. Prominent citizens of Norfolk, Conn., have made several attempts to organize a fire company for the protection of their property in the last year, but every attempt failed, says the New York Sun. There didn't seem to be enough civic pride or enough fear of fire in Norfolk to inspire fire drills, and it seemed as if it would be left to anybody and everybody to get out the garden hose and do the best that could be done if a fire did start. Then the women took up the matter. They issued a call for young men desirous of joining a military company. That caught Norfolk's young men. Fifty of them responded, says the New York Sun. After that it was easy. The young men didn't see just how to get out of it when, very neatly, the military organization was developed into a fire force. The women bought the hose, and now the town has just as good a fire department as its neighbors of equal size. Passing of the West To those whose days have been spent in the enjoyment of the freedom of the old west, even as it appeared in the '80s, there comes a regret in the contemplation of the new order of things. For assuredly the old has given way to the new, says the Tacoma Ledger. The old west as the early settlers knew it for 20 years or more has gone as went the Indian and the buffalo, and with it has gone that larger freedom which were its characteristics and its charm. There is no longer any west. The methods and conditions of the west are the methods and conditions of the east, plus western energy. Indeed, to be entirely just, it may be questioned whether western push is not an importation, for certainly it did not flourish in the anter-railroad days. Ruined by His Airship. Count von Zeppelin, who has the distinction of having built the largest of all airships, has been financially ruined by his aeronautical experiments. Unable to obtain means for carrying out his new projects he is now breaking up the old framework of his airships in order to sell the aluminium of which they are composed. Zeppelin is 67 years of age. He was a military attache of the German embassy in the United States during the civil war and made several balloon ascensions from battlefields of the south in 1863. He was the leader of the famous cavalry raid in France in 1870 which marked the commencement of hostilities of the great Franco-Prussian war. The results of experiments with chickens to determine the effect of intestinal bacteria upon the process of digestion are reported by Prof. Schottelius in a recent number of the Archiv fur Hygiene, and reproduced by the Staats Zeitung, says the Literary Digest. Chickens were kept in cages from which all bacteria were carefully excluded and were supplied with food equally free from bacteria. They ate ravenously and almost continually and evidently digested their food well, yet not only did they not fatten, but they steadily decreased in weight and strength. Another series of experiments gave direct and positive proof that the presence of intestinal bacteria is necessary to nutrition. Chickens which had been hatched and raised in a sterilized environment, receiving only germ-free food, thrived for a week, and then began to decline in weight and strength. Then they were divided into two groups, one of which was fed on sterilized food, the other on food containing bacteria. All of the first group died in a few days, the others improved rapidly and soon were indistinguishable from chickens that had run free in the poultry yard. Mme. Metchnikoff has obtained analogous results with tadpoles which, fed for a time with germ-free food, attained an average weight of 25 milligrams and an average length of 15.5 millimeters, while other tadpoles, fed for the same period on ordinary food, had an average weight of 142 milligrams and an average length of 26.5 millimeters. BARING OF FEET AT WORSHIP. A Custom That Is Religiously Observed Among the Frequenters of the Mosques. The India Hindus and Mussulmana alike wear both sandals and shoes (slippers), and the latter boots also. The sandal (the word is Persian) was evidently the original covering for the feet over all southern and eastern Asia, while the shoe was probably introduced into India by the Persians, Afghans and Mo(n)gols, together with the "tip-titled" (Hittite and Etruscan) boot, says the Athanaeum. Both are usually made in India of leather, but never of pigskin, and while the shoes are always colored red or yellow the boots are generally brightly particolored, both among the upper classes being also richly embroidered in gold and silver and variegated silk thread and with bangles, bugles and seed pearls, after the manner of the ancient Persian boots represented on Greek vases. But of however rare and costly elaboration the invariable rule is to remove them after entering a private house, just when stepping onto the mat or carpet on which the visitor takes his seat. They must be cast off—the right boot or shoe first—before the worshiper enters a temple or mosque, and it is still regarded as an absolute profanation to attempt to enter either fully shod. But the domestic habit arose out of its obvious propriety, and the religious ritual of "the shoes of the faithful," now and for centuries past observed throughout Islam, can be demonstrated to have been dictated by, if indeed it be not directly derived from, the universal social etiquette of the east. GERMLESS SCHOOLBOOKS Precautions Taken in Salt Lake City Against Spread of Disease Among Children. A new ordinance has been adopted in Salt Lake City with the idea of preventing the disseminating of scarlet fever and diphtheria germs among school children, says a recent report from that city. Both diseases have recently been epidemic among the children in the city and the board of health decided that the germs traveled in the school books and other things carried by the pupils. The result has been the passage of an ordinance which is probably more stringent than any other of the kind ever adopted by any municipality. It provides that none of the school books shall be covered with any material other than paper. In all schools in which there is a free distribution of books such books, after having once been used, must be recovered and thoroughly disinfected by the board of health. A student once having received a book shall keep it as long as that book is necessary for his studies. It is unlawful for the schools to collect pencils, sponges or other articles used by the students for the purpose of redistributing them to other students. A violation of any provision of the ordinance is punishable by a fine of $36. This is what Disraeli wrote at the time of Queen Victoria's coronation, and some may feel the same way now: "I must give up going to the coronation, as all the members of parliament must be in court dresses or uniforms, and I can't afford to buy any. I console myself with the conviction that to get up at seven o'clock, to sit dressed like a flunky in Westminster abbey for seven or eight hours, and to listen to a sermon by the bishop of London are treats which can be missed with fortitude." A Russian opera singer who had five front teeth knoeld out in a railway accident has been awarded compensation in the shape of 60,000. CANALS IN THE NORTHWEST. The Great Development and Increase of Traffic During the Last Few Years. The first locks at St. Mary's falls were opened in 1855, in which year the registered tonnage was 106,296. The half-million mark was reached in 1863, and the 1,000,000 mark was passed in 1873. In 1881, exactly coincident with the opening of a new and much larger lock, the northwest began to grow by leaps and bounds, and the tonnage of the canal rose from 2,000,000 tons in 1882 to 9,000,000 in 1890 and to 16,000,000 in 1896. During the past five years, two more enormous locks have been in operation, one of them on the Canadian side of the river, and in this short time the tonnage of the canal has leaped up to nearly 28,500,000 tons. This colossal tonnage is simply a manifestation of the development which has taken place in the northwest, along with which has come the building of thousands of miles of railroad, including two lines from the head of Lake Superior to the Pacific coast, says the Engineering Magazine. If by some cataclysm of nature the great lakes should be dried up, the enormous traffic now carried on their waters would be divided among the railroads — it would simply cease to exist. The whole galaxy of cities from Buffalo to Chicago and Duluth would be overwhelmed in hopeless, irretrievable ruin and the railroads could in no wise escape the general disaster. GATHERING OPIUM. Cultivators Go Forth in the Evening with Lances and in the Early Morning with Pets. It is a sort of garden cultivation, the poppy plant being grown in little squares or beds intersected by tiny water channels for irrigation wherever this is possible. The growth of the plants is carefully tended, and at length the time comes when they burst out into flower, and the fields look like a sheet of silver as the white petals of the flowers glisten in the morning dew. These beautiful petals are the first produce of the crop, for the women and children of the cultivators' families come forth and pick them off one by one and carefully dry them, so that they may serve afterward as the covering of the manufactured cakes of opium. Then the poppies, with their bare capsule heads, remain standing in the open field until it is considered that they are ripe for lancing. The cultivators then come forth in the evening, and, with an implement not unlike the knives of a coupling instrument, they scarify the capsule on its sides with deep incisions, so that the juice may exude. In the early morning the cultivators reappear with a scraping knife and their earthenware pots, and they scrape off the exuded juice and collect it in their pots. And this is crude opium. MUST HAVE THE SWORD. An Article That Is Necessary to the Completeness of a Naval Surrender. Naval red tape is as stringent as that existing in the army, and sometimes the enforcement of the regulations leads to ludicrous results. Some years ago, when the late Admiral Skerrett was a captain, an officer who had been charged with an offense and ordered under arrest presented himself to be arrested. Th regulations provide that on such occasion the officer shall be in full dress and wear a sword. The officer wore his uniform, but had no sword. "I can't arrest you," said Capt. Skerrett, looking for the missing sword, "unless you come prepared to submit your sword to me." The officer explained that he had not received his sword from home, although it had been expressed to him. "Well, you'll have to get one," was the reply. So the officer skirmished about in the navy yard for someone who had a sword to lend. Finding one, the offender returned to Capt. Skerrett and was promptly and regularly put under arrest according to regulations. DOGS REFUSE TO STARVE The Clever Little Joke of a German Professor Who Was Called to Columbia University. Some little time ago Prof. Hirth, who was called from Munich, Germany, to Columbia university as Chinese lecturer, lived in the same house with a rabid vivisectionist, then practicing on half a dozen large dogs. Hirth's colleague was trying to find out how long the dogs could stand being left without food before they would fall upon and devour each other. The dogs were fed on wind for two weeks, yet looked round and happy. The vivisectionist couldn't understand it, says the Washington Post. The kennel being closed on all sides, it seemed impossible for anyone to feed the dogs on the sly. Still, the fact remained that they refused to starve, even after a month's apparent fasting. Then the vivisectionist watched, and discovered that late at night Prof. Hirth had lowered large chunks of horse meat into the kennel from above. Hirth had allowed each dog six pounds of horse steak and bone a day. Sheep and cattle cannot pasture over the same territory. Where the sheep wander the grass is gleaned with the devastation of a prairie fire, and the odor is such that cattle will for weeks shun the range. SCOTCH FARE LAUDED. Oatmeal, Scones and Haggis Surve as Preventives of Dentistry and Dyspepsia. Defenders of the Scottish national fare of oatmeal, scones and haggis have been few. To the ordinary bill of fare nearly every nation save the Scotch has contributed something, but Scotch dishes, except at distinctively Caledonian functions, are generally eschewed, says the New York Sun. A Scotch physician has, however, some forward recently with arguments in favor of Scottish cooking. He says, for instance, that dyspepsia and dentists are practically unknown in Scotland outside of the large cities, in which the national cooking of Scotland is discarded for foreign dishes and foreign ways. It is a fact that though distinguished in the field of medicine, the Scotch as dentists are little known, and while the details of cases of dyspepsia are less easily procurable, it is certainly not a national ailment in Scotland. The Scotch show no partiality for pies and pastry, and in the highlands they are much out of doors—two reasons which might be taken to account for the absence of dyspepsia, apart from the wholesomeness of their diet. The Scotch are a hardy race, and in one particular at least they have been able in recent years to impress their views upon the people of other countries, namely, in the moral general use of cereals. The popularity of cereal food has vastly increased in the United States in the last ten years, and if the advocates of Scotch cooking, or rather of Scotch fare, have been unable to get recognition for their views at the dinner table, they have been more fortunate at the breakfast board. CHANGES IN OCEAN'S BED. Recent Surveys Show New Conditions Near the Island of St. Vincent, West Indies. The volcanic eruptions and other disturbing causes have recently produced some material changes in the bed of the ocean off the coast of St. Vincent. These will necessitate a careful resurvey to make navigation safe in that neighborhood, according to Dr. Jaggar, of Harvard university, who, as one of the party of scientists sent to the West Indies to investigate the recent volcanic eruptions, has made a special study of the vicinity of the British island. Where before the outbreak of La Sofriere and Mont Pelee there existed solid land is now deep water, as yet unsounded, which extends to the base of high cliffs, bare and vertical, formerly a considerable distance from the shore. It is erroneous, Dr. Jaggar says, to state that there has been no change in soundings as a result of the eruptions. Tremendous submarine disturbances occurred, he asserts, and the breaking of the cables after the first eruption of May 8 was probably due to landslides along the bed of the ocean, the extent of which cannot be determined. The cables in all probability were snapped asunder under the weight of enormous masses thrown upon them from the higher portions of the ocean's bed. VOTING BY TELEGRAPH. An Electrical Device Once Planned for Use in the Legislatures of Germany. There is only one reference to mechanical voting in the 13 reports on foreign parliaments which have lately been issued. This occurs in a memorandum on the subject of divisions in the reichstag and Prussian landtag. As long ago as 1869 a motion was introduced in the Prussian lower house in favor of establishing a system called the voting telegraph, an electric invention. Each member was to have at his place a handle to turn to right or left as he wished to vote "yes" or "no," and this handle could be turned only by the member to whom the seat belonged, each member being provided with a special key. The time for taking the votes of the lower house would, according to this scheme, have occupied less than two minutes. There were no practical objections made to the machine, says the London Chronicle, but it was rejected, partly because no pressing need existed for shortening the divisions and partly on account of the advantages of an oral process of voting. The Gorgeous Dutch Crown. Queen Wilhelmina's crown is very gorgeous. It is of dull gold, only the edges being polished. It consists of a crimson velvet cap inclosed in a circle set with sapphires and emeralds. The imperial arches terminate in 16 points, eight of which are surmounted by large single pearls, and the other eight, bent toward the center, and there crowned with the globe and cross, are set with nine pearls each, which are graduated in size, the smallest being placed at the top. Americans Abroad Five hundred and eighty-one allens in Great Britain applied for naturalization during 1900, but there were only 26 Americans among the number. There are more than 6,000 Americans permanently settled in London alone, and of this number not 100 have become naturalized subjects of his majesty. Midson's Big Loss: In the experimenting with the magnetic extraction of metal from low-grade ore Thomas Edison has spent $2,000,000 within a few years, only to find at last that his plant is worthless for the work and he will have to build another. TRIUMPHS OF WOMEN. Some of Them Are Displaying Qualities They Were Not Supposed to Possess. Every day women are displaying traits of character that excite both surprise and admiration, says the Chicago Chronicle. In Brooklyn the other day Mrs. Lennie Kelley saved the life of her aged father by climbing over the dashboard of the buggy in which they were driving on the Coney Island boulevard and seizing the reins that had dropped from his hands and were dangling at the heels of their runaway horse. Would Pamelia or Clarissa or even Mme. De Stael's extraordinary heroine, Delphine, have done that? In Pittsburg Mrs. Sarah E. McCoy, in a law court, has just excelled in the intellectual feat of Portia, and has surpassed many shining masculine lights of the bar, for she managed her own case in a breach of promise suit and proved, too, contrary to the old adage, that she did not have a fool for a client. There were some novelties in her methods of examining witnesses, as, for instance, her telling one of them point blank that he was a liar. In the first case there was a triumph of nerve and muscle and in the second of nerve and intellect. The obvious conclusion is that the era in which woman was a "downtrodden creature" is fully past, for, with qualifying experience of the world, she is now quite capable of defending her own and of holding it. AT THE TOMB OF ELIHU YALE. A Little Welsh Town That Is the Scene of a Sort of American Pilgrimage. A bazar was lately held which excites great interest in north Wales, in aid of the restoration of Wrexham church, one of the finest in the principality. Wrexham contains a monument which has become a sort of shrine to Americans who have been educated at Yale college, inasmuch as it is that of Elihu Yale, and bears a quaint inscription which has become famous. Never was immortality so easily acquired as by Yale. It cost him some chattels, which he sent over to aid, by the request of friends, a struggling college at New Haven, Conn., and which fetched a few hundred pounds; but this in 1718 was such a boon that the college took his name, and is now famous as Yale university, says a London paper. Elihu Yale's daughter married Lord James Cavendish, son of the first duke of Devonshire, and had an only child, who married the son of Dr. Chandler, Bishop of Durham, whom she made take the name of Cavendish. She was a lady of masculine tendencies, and commonly known as "Jack" Cavendish. The Yale students have presented Wrexham church with a handsome visitors' book. NATION ADDING TO NAVY. According to Present Indications Many Vessels Will Be Added to the Fleet. The United States is rapidly adding to its navy. In three years it will probably have the largest number of ships able to engage in active warfare of any country in the world. Battleships, cruisers and monitors are now in course of construction, and will be launched as soon as completed, says a Washington report. The next to take to the sea is the Pennsylvania, which will be launched from Cramp's shipyard next season and christened by Miss Quay, daughter of the Pennsylvania leader, who will break a bottle upon the bow and name the ship with appropriate ceremony. The starting of a ship of war upon its journey is such an important ceremony, and one attended with so many honors, that the greatest rivalry exists for the honor of breaking the bottle. Wires are pulled, plans are laid a year in advance, and often feelings are engendered that are quite the reverse of friendly or patriotic. The selection of Miss Quay has given universal satisfaction in Philadelphia and Washington, as she is a young woman, pretty and accomplished, and already identified in public affairs. DOOMS AN ADOBE THEORY. Field Museum Authority Finds That Hopi Indian Children Pursued the Experts. Dr. George Dorsey, of the Field Columbian museum, has made a discovery in his investigations among the Hopi Indians that overturns many of the old theories of anthropologists in regard to supposed inscriptions on the adobe houses of the tribe. He made the announcement of his discoveries in a lecture to the students of the University of Chicago the other afternoon on "Civilization Among the Hopi Indiana." "These inscriptions that the anthropologists have been trying to decipher and read for years." said Dr. Dorsey, "have been found to be nothing more than the scratches made by mischievous Hopi children in the mud of the adobe houses after they have been freshly built. They are not mysterious inscriptions at all. They are only the results of childish pranks. Of course this discovery makes the anthropologists feel rather vexed, but the markings have much resemblance to some kind of picture writing, and may well be taken for some kind of inscriptions." Criminals in Buenos Ayres. Buenos Ayres has issued its criminal statistics for 1901. They include 90 murders, 244 attempted assaults and over 5,000 thefts, burglaries and swindles. Entered at the Post Office at Chicago, Ill., as Second-class Matter, August 19, 1902. THIRTY THOUSAND IN CASH. To See the Mass Lying Idle in a Banker's Window Grieves One Practical Spirit. The Italian bankers of Elizabeth and Mulberry streets are filing their show windows with greenbacks in an effort to attract trade and convince the public that one has more money than the other. In the window of one banker $30,000 was on exhibition one day recently, says the New York Sun. Bills of all denominations were strenu carelessly around the window, attracting crowds. "Them ain't all real money," remarked one woman, "them's imitation." "Yes," replied a man in the crowd, "that's the genuine long green we all struggle for." "I never t'ought dere was dat much money in de world," chimed in a ragged boy. Two Italian laborers got into an argument as to the amount of cash in the window. One thought there must have been at least $1,000,000. About noon two men with long whiskers stopped their vending wagon in front of the place. They had come over from the East Side of town. "What? Tirty thousand dollar in dot window all der time!" exclaimed one. "Dot is it," replied the other. "It ain't too much for a bank, what?" "No; but look at der interest which it is losing every minute. What a shamefulness! Interest! Lost interest $1,200 a year." LEAP-YEAR BIRTHDAYS. A Unique Society in Berlin Which Is to Hold a Big Celebration in 1904. Herr Monteur, a worthy resident of Berlin, is over 70 years old, but will celebrate his eighteenth birthday on February 29, 1904. He is president of the Berlin society of leap year children, the one organization of its kind in the world. The members have had no birthday celebration for eight years, the extra February day having been omitted in 1900 according to the rules of the reformed calendar. Therefore the society is planning a great celebration on February 29, 1904. A committee of arrangements is already at work, and something extraordinary may be expected, as on account of the society's curious origin many prominent persons have interested themselves in the matter. The month of February in 1886, by the way, was even more interesting than that which will be marked by the unique Berlin celebration. It had no full moon, and in that was the most remarkable in the world's history, for never before had such a thing occurred. January of that year had two full moons, and so had March, but February had none. How extraordinary this event was may be judged from the fact that according to the computation of astronomers it will not occur again for 2,500,000 years. ART AND ATHLETICS. The universally increasing attention now being given, especially in Anglo-Saxon countries, to out-ofdoor sports and to physical culture is a sign of the best omen. No class can have a greater solicitude for the furtherance of this movement than the artists, for they cannot create beautiful forms without having beautiful forms around them from which to draw inspiration. The art of a nation is but the mirror of that nation's ideals, and faithfully reflects their slightest change, says Outing. This new conception of the value of athletics will add dignity, interest and standing, making it a factor second to none in the development of our civilization. It will be a mighty influence in the creation of a new and superior type of men and women. That women are growing more and more to realize this is evidenced by the athletic tendency of the modern girl. If she will combine therewith an intelligent effort after well-balanced and harmonious development the results are bound to be satisfying in the extreme, for in many ways the female body is quicker than the male to respond to training. Recems for Rent. Elegantly furnished rooms for rent with bath and gas at 3232 Wabash avenue. HOUSE AND LOT WANTED. Anyone having a good house and lot for sale on easy payments located between 59th and 69 Halsted and Ashland avenue, will find it to their advantage to address Julius F. Taylor, 5020 Armour avenue, Chicago. An eminent public man of England whose mental faculties had been subjected to too great a strain and who suffered greatly from mental depression that amounted almost to the disease of melancholia, was told by his physician that he must rest his brain. He was a very busy man and scoffed at his doctor's prescription of a nap in the middle of the day, relates a London paper. Finally, after much persuasion, he agreed to this experiment: He would sit in his easy chair every afternoon with his hands on his knees, holding a dinnerbell in his hands. If he lost consciousness and went to sleep he would be willing to sleep for the period that it took for the dinner bell to fall to the floor and wake him. The doctor who suggested this arrangement declared that the mere mental relaxation of going to sleep, if only for a few seconds, would suffice to save him. He invited his patient to study the activity of the brain by noticing how many things he could dream while the dinner bell was falling to the floor. Every day for many months the man sat down after luncheon with the dinner bell in his hands. Every day he went to sleep, slept for half a second, while the bell fell to the floor, and his mental condition improved steadily, partly because of the rest which his mind got through losing consciousness for a second and partly because of his interest in the extraordinary dreams which passed through his brain while the bell was falling. THE REFORMED PIG. Governmental Efforts to Improve an Animal That Has Been Abused for Centuries. Our enterprising and diligent department of agriculture has set itself to an important task. It is going to improve the pig. At least, it will see whether the pig has any ambition to improve, comments the Brooklyn Eagle. It will raise a litter of sucklings in a yard floored with clean sand; it will bathe the animals; it will feed them delicately, and for a whole year will keep them in a condition of respectability. Then it will open the way to the usual pig pen and will stand by to see if the creatures forsake their manners and elect mud and the trough. Probably the pigs will elect to stay in the clean and wholesome yard. The obloquy that these beasts have fallen under is not of their seeking. Men have abused them by confining them in ill-kept places and feeding them on refuse. The pig in its natural state is not unclean. It is dirty when it is kept in a pen, because it cannot be otherwise. If afflicted with flies or vermin it has no resource but to lie in the mud, and as to its food, if it has nothing but the fermenting refuse of the house it must eat that or starve. When left at large swine do not usually seek filth and slime. When free to roam the woods they are no more unclean than cattle. It needs little experimenting to convince of that fact. MUSIC TO HEAL WOUNDS. The Violin Has Been Employed as am Aid to Surgery in Paris. The attention of medical men has been called to two extraordinary cases reported from a hospital in Paris. A man had been seriously cut by accident and the wound refused to heal. From time to time the patient went into violent paroxysms and death appeared certain. A surgeon who had given much attention to the subject of vibrations secured the services of a violin player and treated the sufferer to a musical remedy. A change appeared at once and under the influence of the violin recovery was rapid and complete. In the other case a wound continued to suppurate in spite of all that could be done. The violin was again called into requisition and played close to the injured part, which was bared for the purpose. Soon the wound assumed a healthier appearance, suppuration ceased and complete cure was effected. In both these cases it was noted that only certain kinds of music were of benefit, showing that vibrations must be strictly in accordance with the nature of the wound. More Men Than Women. In all but 11 of the 52 states and territories the males outnumber the female population. These 11 states are along the Atlantic seaboard. California contains the greatest excess of men, the recorded number being 156,000; Minnesota comes second, with 113,586; Texas third, with 109,00 and Pennsylvania fourth, with 106,007. Now Emperor William's Turn. Queen Alexandra has bought a book written by President Roosevelt, and the Chicago Record-Herald remarks that Emperor William will have to hurry up now and do something else to keep up the friendly relations. FREDERICK W. JOB ATTORNEY AT LAW 802 MARQUETTE BUILDING Telephone 2310 Central CHICAGO LAWRENCE A. NEWBY ATTORNEY-AT-LAW Room 6, 128 LaSalle St., CHICAGO RESIDENCE 2623 WABASH AVE William Howard Fitzgerald LAWYER Room 402 Reaper Block, CHICAGO JOSEPH A. McINERNEY LAWYER Coal, Wood, Feed Ice Terms Strictly Cash on Delivery 137 W. 47th St., - CHICAGO Telephone Blue 284 ALEX I. WYATT, JEWELER AND OPTICIAN Manufacturer of OPTICAL AND REFRAOTING GOODS Watches and Jewelry Repaired, Prices Reasonable. Eyes Tested Free. ..... 98 E. Madison St. near Dearborn Chicago BERNARD J. MAGUIRE, BUFFET. 430 STATE ST., Cor Polk. IMPORTED WINES, LIQUORS AND CIGARS A SPECIALTY, TEL. 973 Harrison. CHICAGO FOR BARGAINS IN Dry Goods, Gents' Furnishings and Shoes GO TO THOMAS & HARRIS TWO BIG STORES 5101-3 Wentworth Ave. 5650-4 S. Halsted Street WONDERFUL DISCOVERY Curly Hair Made Straight By TAKEN FROM LIFE: BEFORE AND AFTER TREATMENT. ORIGINAL OZONIZED OX MARROW (Copyrighted.) This wonderful hair pomade is the only safe preparation in the world that makes kinky or curly hair straight as shown above. It nourishes the scalp and prevents the hair from falling out or breaking off, cures dandruff and makes the hair grow long and silky. Sold over forty years and used by thousands. Warmed and harmless. Testimonials free on request. It was the first preparation ever sold for straightening kinky hair. Beware of imitations. Get the Original Ozonized Ox Marrow as the genuine never fails to keep the hair straight, soft and beautiful. A toilet necessity for ladies, gentlemen and children. Elegantly perfumed. The greatest advantage of this wonderful pomade is that by its use you can straighten your own hair at home. Qwing to the world of lasting solutions is the best and most economical. It is not possible for anybody to produce a preparation equal to it. Full directions with every bottle. Only $0 cents. Sold by druggists and dealers or send us $0 cents for one bottle or $1.40 for three bottles. We pay all express charges. Send postal or express money order. Write your name and address plainly to OZONIZED OX MARROW CO., 76 Wabush Avenue, Chicago, Illinois. Don't imagine that all hair preparations are alike. Quite the contrary. Some never do what is claimed for them. The Original Ozonized Ox Marrow has been on the market for so long that there is no doubt it will do everything we claim for it. It is the most genteel preparation that any one can use on their hair. It is most delicately perfumed and when thoroughly rubbed into the scalp and well brushed through the hair it cannot fail to cure dandruff and make the hair straight, soft and beautiful. It invigorates the scalp, producing new growth and stops the hair from falling out. Try a bottle and you will be sure to be pleased. Only 50 cents, express paid, to any address in the United States. Druggists also sell it. Address: Ozonized Ox Marrow Co., 76 Wabash Ave., Chicago, Illinois. AGENTS FOR THE BROAD AX. From now until further notice The Broad Ax will be on sale at the following places: M. H. Paulkner, dealer in cigars and tobacco, 3104 State street. B. W. Fitts, printing office, 2713 State street. A. F. Tervalon's cigar store and news stand, 2826 State street. S. Mitchell's news stand and cigar store, 4903 State street. News items and advertisements left at those places will find their way into the columns of The Broad Ax. ILLINOIS BRICK CO. WILLIAM C. KUESTER, SUPERINTENDENT. N. Western Ave., Cl Telephone Lake View 2702 1994 N. Western Ave., Chicago. HOHENADEL BROS. 211-213 Madison Street CHICAGO Telephone Main 3300 Pollicemen, Firemen, Letter Carriers, Elevatormen, Janitors, Wagonmen, Street Car Employes, Telegraph Messengers, Railroad Employes, Bellboys, Watchmen, Bta. GEO. C. CALLAHAN & CO. PRODUCE COMMISSION Butter, Poultry, Eggs, Game, Veal, Eto. 217 SOUTH WATER STREET, CHICAGO. JACOB FEINBERG Provision Dealer Telephone 363 South 31st and State Streets CHICAGO IMPORTED AND DOMESTIC WINES, LIQUORS AND CIGARS 8402 SOUTH HALSTED STREET, CHICAGO Driving, Draft and General Business Horses Always on Hand 1107 Milwaukee Ave. Near Robey St. Telephone West, 1028. CHICAGO, IL ON TO CHICAGO From the 14th of August to the 14th of September,'02 The first practical demonstration ever given to the people of the North of the development and growth of the Negro race in this section. The Nation's first big event of the twentieth century. Chicago is the freest and most hospitable city in the United States, the greatest summer resort in the west. Do Not Fail to Visit Chicago and the Greatest of all Race Expositions! SPECIAL RAILROAD RATES The 14th of August to the 14th of September, 1902. For information address THE COMMITTEE, 610 Garfield Boulevard. BARNEY BENSON, HEAVY MACHINERY. Smoke Stacks, Cupolas and Monuments Erected. Hoisting and Placing of all kinds of Beams and Girders for architectural work.