The Broad Ax

THE BROAD AX NEGROES OF VS. NEG INTELLIGENCE OF MULLA GRO RATHER THAN TO NEGROES OF PURE VS. NEGROES OF MIXED BLOOD INTELLIGENCE OF MULLATOES DUE TO THEIR NE GRO RATHER THAN TO THEIR WHITE BLOOD. BY JAMES SAMUEL STEMONS Is the full-blooded Negro of necessity mentally inferior to the Negro of mixed blood? Popular opinion says yes. But in this, as in many other matters, analysis of facts may prove popular opinion to be utterly in error. Pure Negro blood is discounted in favor of mixed blood because of the fact that the majority of superior Negroes are supposed to be of mixed blood. But allowing that the majority of highly intelligent Negroes are of mixed blood (and the writer is not prepared to admit that they are), do not the laws of nature, when taking into consideration the popular prejudice against miscegenation, proclaim that it is the best blood of the Negro that goes to the white race, and not the best blood of the white race that comes to the Negro." Who can conceive for a moment of the highest, or even a high, type of white man consorting, under any circumstances, with the lowest, or even a low, type of Negro woman? The writer's observation has been that in unions between black and white, whether the black be man or woman, the black is usually of a higher mental type than is the white. In short, it may safely be set down as a rule that in persons of mixed blood the Negro blood is superior, while the white blood is inferior. Even in the dark days of slavery, when the process of bleaching the Colored race was in full bloom, it is but reasonable to suppose that none but Colored women possessed of the greatest physical and mental attractions fell victims to the deprivation of their masters. Frederick Douglass, perhaps the most noted example of such an alliance that the world has ever known, stroke of his mother as having been a magnificent black woman, with a bearing so queenly and majestic as to be awe-inspiring, and he always thought of her as having been an African princess. Neither his father nor his father's ancestors, so far as is known, were much above the average in intellectual attainments. It is so reasonable as to scarcely merit being called charitable to ascribe the wonderful personality of Mr. Douglass to his queenly mother of royal descent, rather than to his father, of commonplace extraction. The case of Mr. Douglass doubtless has thousands of less conspicuous counterparts in the myriads of mulattoes given to the country both during and since ante bellum days. Superior Negroes of mixed blood, instead of discounting Negroes of unmixed blood, are merely evidences of the way in which Negroes of a high type have amalgamated with another race. Pure Negro blood in America has never produced a Frederick Douglass, or a Booker T. Washington. But it has produced a J. C. Price, a man proclaimed by many competent judges to have been the equal, if not the superior, of Mr. Douglass in all save the convenience of having been born at a time when his personality would attract widespread attention; it has produced a Paul Laurence Dunbar, the greatest Negro poet of modern times; a William Pickens, who a few years ago walked away with the coveted Ten Eyck oratorical prize at Yale University; a Kelly Miller, one of the most noted scholars of the country, Vol. XII and hosts of less conspicuous individuals who have given evidences of the highest type of mentality. There is a tendency among the more intelligent class of Negroes to amalgamate with Negroes of mixed blood which appears to be entirely overlooked by those who seem to think that it is only Negroes of mixed blood who are capable of higher development. How long the tendency of intelligent, full-blooded Negroes to marry Negroes possessed of white blood has been in vogue the writer is unable to say; but this he knows, as does every close observer, that the vast majority of intelligent dark-complexioned Negroes, whether men or women, are sure to wed Negroes of lighter hue. The most conspicuous illustration of this fact is perhaps to be found in the Colored clergy. It will be conceded that upon the whole clergymen represent, as does no other large class of individuals, the intellect and culture of the Colored race. Many of the foremost Negro churchmen are of unmixed blood. Yet, in all of the writer's life, through years of extensive travel, he has never (with one noted exception) seen a black preacher who could be rated as educated and intelligent, with a black wife. It is not unusual to see a light-complexioned preacher with a black wife; but a black complexioned preacher with a black wife—never! As it is with preachers, so it is with most Negroes who are above the average in intelligence. The widow of the late Paul Laurence Dunbar is almost white in complexion; it is the same with the wife of "Major" Taylor, and so far as the writer knows, with every full-blooded Negro who has within recent decades gained any considerable degree of distinction. When the children of such unions evince marked traits of mentality, it is ascribed to the white blood in their veins, while, in point of fact, it is plainly due to their intelligent Negro parentage. The result of this amalgamation is that the first generation of the intelligent Negro is deeply mixed with white blood. It is perhaps useless for the writer to undertake to explain the cause of Negroes thus amalgamating. He at least sees in it no occasion for wonder. It is supposed to be a law of human nature so rextremes to meet. Scientific marriages are governed by contrast. Among intelligent, white people the blonde and the brunette, the fat and the lean; the tall and the short, the large and the small, usually find mutual attractions. Some such considerations may partly explain the affinity between dark-complexioned and light-complexioned Negroes. Be this as it may, it cannot be disputed that the intelligence of the Negro race is fast becoming mixed with Caucasian blood—The Pilot, Philadelphia. Mr. George W. Claussenius, 91 Dearborn street, is one of the best German-American business men in Chicago and in no sense of the word is he a politician, nevertheless he is a warm friend and supporter of The Broad Ax and with all his business affairs, he finds time to read it each week. HEW TO THE LINE. CHICAGO, MARCH 23, 1907. MAYOR EDWARD F. DUNNE. Has in the past two years administered the affairs of this city in an honest manner, and it is the fervent hope of the vast majority of Afro-Americans everywhere that he will be re-elected to his present honorable position. THE "NEGRO QUESTION," BOBS UP IN MANY OF THE MAGAZINES FOR MARCH. The "Negro Question," or the "race problem," again bobs up in many of the magazines for March. Thomas Nelson Page, the arch enemy of the Negro, and the warm friend of President Roosevelt, whose frequent visits to the white house, has induced the Rough Riding President to completely change his views on the "Negro Question," contributed an article to McClure's magazine for March, entitled "The Great American Question, The Special Plea of A Southerner," in which he makes a special plea in favor of mob and lynch law for the Negro, and repeats the old stroy that Negroes are ever ready to harbor and shield the "criminals of their race," and that the white race always has and always will be superior to the Negro race. This is some of the rot which one idea Page dishes up for the readers of the March number of McClure's magazine. The Cosmopolitan magazine for March contains a heart rendering article by Richard Barry, on "Slavery in the South today a Revelation of Appalling Conditions in Florida and other states, which make possible the actual enslavement of whites and Blacks under Trust Domination." No pen nor tongue can surpass Mr. Barry's in painting the horrors of this new system of slavery which has fastened its self upon the Negro, and a certain class of whites in the south, and his blood-curdling story should be read by all who are in favor of assisting to bring about a better condition of affairs in the land of mob and lynch law and savagery." Van Norden's magazine for March, contains a symposium on "The Ngero Question," by the Presidents of 12 white educational institutions in the South, and on the whole the arguments which they set forth either for or against the Negro, and the remedies which they suggest for settling the so-called "Race Question," which has been created and is maintained simply to gratify the prejudice of the members of the styled superior race, are weak and shallow. Booker T. Washington, also has an article in the March number of this same magazine on "The Progress of the Negro," and as usual he winds it up by booming Tuskegee. The American Magazine for March contains a long editorial announcement in relation to a series of articles which will appear in its columns beginning with the April number of "The Riddle of the Negro," by Ray Stanford Baker; the articles will be illustrated with portarails, and they should be carefully read by white and back alike in all sections of the country. McGrit's magazine for March which is published in the interest of the Afro-American race, contains much good reading matter; its most striking article is on "The New Slavery in the South; An Autobiography by a Georgia Negro Peon." Each and every one of these magazines sell for ten cents per copy, and they are within the reach of all who desire to keep posted on current topics. THE NEGRO AND THE CATHOLIC CHURCH The Catholic Church is giving evidence of its practical interest in the evangelization of the Colored people and there is little doubt that ere long a considerable number of priests will be ordained, especially for work in the South, where there is almost virgin soil. Archbishop Ireland, Cardinal Gibbons and other high churchmen have expressed themselves in favor or giving to competent Negro priests recognition of the loftiest character and urge that Colored men be equipped for such trusts. Last Sunday, Right Reverend William George McCloskey, Bishop of Louisville, ordered that a collection be taken up for the Negro and Indian missions in all the Catholic churches of the Diocese of Kentucky at all the masses. He laid especial stress and made an eloquent appeal for the Colored people in the Southern States, who stand in the greatest need of missions. The bulk of our race still cling to the Baptist and Methodist faiths—the faiths of their fathers—but the diversion to ward the Catholic, the Episcopalian, Presbyterian, and Congregational churches is more and more strongly marked as the horizon of thought and experience is enlarged. Religious freedom, political freedom, educational freedom and commercial freedom are all indisputable signs of progress—Richard W. Thompson in The Freeman, Indianapolis, Ind. CLAIM ESTATE LEFT BY NEGRO. Two Women, One White, Other Colored, Each Says She Was His Wife. Two women, one white and one Colored, claiming to be the widow of George Dewey, Colored, 50 years old, a train porter, who died while in an ambulance on the way to St. Mary's infirmary Monday, have demanded his property. When Dewey died $154 in money and a gold watch were found on his persons. Monday afternoon a white woman called at the coroner's office and told Deputy Sheriff Lloyd that she had been married to Dewey WOMEN, GUNS AND THE UN- WRITTEN LAW AS VIEWED BY THE EDITOR OF THE CHICAGO CHRONICLE. THE FAIR SEX INVARIABLL GETS THE WORST OF THE BARGAIN WHEN MEN GO FORTH TO SHOOT OTHER MEN DOWN UNDER THE PRETEXT OF DEFENDING THE "SANCTITY OF THE HOME." It is noticeable that the so-called unwritten law is generally invoked in behalf of men. Is there no unwritten law for women? In congratulating two young men who had killed a man for wronging their sister and who had been acquitted a Virginia judge the other day said that the jury had followed the time-honored rule in that state that no man could violate the sanctity of the home with impunity. The man who had been slain had married the young woman, but her brothers thought he was about to run away from her. What would have been the fate of the wife in this case if she had done the shooting? Every penitentiary in the country holds women who have been convicted of just such crimes as this would have been. Hardly a year passes that some woman guilty of similar offenses does not go to the gallows. Women, it is true, are never punished for defending their own persons, but no man is ever punished for such an act either. So far as defending the sanctity of the home is concerned it is probable that the women of this country have many times as many reasons for resorting to firearms as the men have. If the fair sex were to conclude at this moment to begin proceedings under the unwritten law the hardware stores could not supply the demand for revolvers and the shortage of railway cars of which there is so much complaint would not be a circumstance to the dearth of undertakers' supplies that would follow. There is more than one thing that invades the sanctity of the home, but women generally submit to all of these things uncomplainingly. If the unwritten law as applied to men were freely extended to women—if the life of very person who comes between a man and the welfare and honor of his wife and children were to be pronounced forfeit what a slaughter pen we would live in and on what horrors would we not breakfast and sup daily! In one state (Louisiana) at this minute the unwritten law is being invoked to save from punishment a man who killed another man because the latter had spoken slightlyly of the former's wife. It is practically certain that the accused will be acquitted. In an adjacent state (Mississippi) a woman of good social position who killed a man for precisely the same cause has been convicted and for seventeen years. Coroner Lloyd declined to turn Dewey's property over to her. A coroner's jury returned a verdict of death from heart disease yesterday. Later a Colored woman called at the office and announced herself to be the wife of Dewey. She declared that she had been married to him for two years. Dr. Lloyd advised her to get the property from the public administrator. Dewey lived at 2614 Lawton avenue—The Citizen, Memphis, Tenn. Without a long comment it can be said that even in death, the white lady in order to get a little money was willing to put herself on social equality with Negroes—Editor. No.25 INS THE UN- WRITTEN LAW EDITOR OF THE CHICAGO ALL GETS THE WORST OF MEN GO FORTH TO SHOOT UNDER THE PRETEXT OF DE- TITY OF THE HOME." sent to the penitentiary for a term of years. What is the difference between these crimes? There is no difference between the causes or between the offenses. The only difference is in the sex of the avenger. The unwritten law evidently holds that the sanctity of the home and the honor of the family are the sole concern of the man, even though the woman may be the one most deeply wronged. The unwritten law is therefore a one-sided humbug. The unwritten law is a humbug because it is clearly enough based on the assumption that woman is the property of man and that she is his inferior in all things. Men are said to kill other men to protect their honor and the sanctity of their homes, but by so doing they proclaim their shame from the houstops and destroy their homes. Not only so, but they send their wives into the presence of a scornful world branded with infamy and stained with blood. If in the celebrated case now on trial at the east the wife had committed the homicide it is not at all likely that a great deal would have been heard of it. She would have gone to the penitentiary in the usual routine. Something might have been said about the unwritten law, but twelvevaliant jurymen, big with the responsibility resting upon them of safe-guarding their brethren from the pistols of excitable women, would have placed her in strong quarters as a matter of course. The unwritten law is a one-sided humbug for the further reason that, devised to save from the consequences of their crimes persons alleged to be at the moment mentally incapable, it does not apply to the sex which is notoriously more emotional, more nervous and more impulsive than the other. A woman with honor lost, reputation at stake, abandoned and scorned is a far better subject for the kindly ministrations of the unwritten law than a man who after brooding over for it himself, perhaps—goes forth in deliberation to kill the man who has implanted him. In such cases it may frequently be said of a woman that she seeks to protect her honor—that is, her good name. Of a man in such a crisis is to be noted that he rarely acts until his wife's honor and hence his own are already sacrificed and their same know of all. Honor which is thus murderously "protected" after it has disappeared is of a poor sort and is hardly worth the expense of a trial even under the humbug forms of the unwritten law.—The Chicago Chronicle, March 18, 1907. As usual the editor of the Chicago Chronicle covers the whole ground and brushes aside all the arguments, that can be advanced in favor of the unwritten law. Former Mayor John P. Hopkins, who predicts the re-election of Mayor Dunne by a handsome majority, returned home Sunday morning from a business trip to New York City. PUBLISHED WEEKIY. “Vi promaleate and at at times wpbold rhe tray Ea Tags Formats Sine. Terkre Repeal Sein Burne tong se fOr language i proper ane Scpunnlatiate telired: : Tg Broa <0 4 pemwpapes shows platform i Lao Liesl communtentions will recetve attention. stata only on ove nde of the paper” ‘Subecriptions most be pald fn advance. —— ‘Averingrntn made knows 00 apptiaton, THE BROAD AX 100 Armour Avene, Chicago. JULIUS F. TAYLOR, Réitor and Publisber. Eatered vt the Post Office at Chicage, Mh as Second-class Matter, ———oooo| PERSONAL MENTION. | ‘Walter M. Farmer, for 16 years an honored member of the bar in st | Louis, Mo. is now engaged in the general practice of law. Suite 708, | 171 Washington street. Phone a 4153, Residence 4856 Langley avenue. Phone Drexel 6802. SUPREMACY OF WHITE RACES IS CHALLENGED. The London Times gives serious no- tice to the dominant white races of the world that time has come to justi- ty their all but universal control by superior performance in the indus- tries of peace as well as in the art of war. ‘The Times article takes no stock in the “yellow peril” of the Kaiser. though it concedes freely the wonder- full skill and energy of the Japanese in acquiring and using the weapons of the white races. But war is not a matter of weapons and tactics alone. Ic is a matter of money. The com- plete destruction of the Russian army was stopped more by the financial ex- heustion of Japan than by the inter- vention of Roosevelt. It will be a long time before Japan can bear the financial burden of war upon a rich Western power without the financial assistance of another. But that ominous time will be has- tened by the industrial and comme: cial conquests of Japan, which are pro- ceeding side by side with her estab- lishment of influence over the Asiatic peoples. It is in this industrial ad- | vance that the Times finds the most serious challenge of white supremacy. | Industrial supremacy commands na- tional wealth and wealth in turn com- ! mands the means of conquest. The warlike energy of the dark ra-| ces was exhausted five hundred years ago, except the Japanese who tought | with each other. Nevertheless the dark races remained in peace, except | ‘on the edge of their populous seats, | because the whites like the Japanese, | were busy fighting each other, till af-| ter waterloo. Since then Icng inter- vals of peace have enabled the white | Faces to make great industrial pro-| gress, accumulate vast wealth and ov-| errun the dark continents with mili- tary machines. Till Russia encounted Japan they met no check. The conquest of the Russian forces in China exhausted the Japanese in spite of their superior- ity to most white in military skill and , to all in national spirt, that no power. not even the unarmed United States, need fear them greatly. The fear in- spired in some reflecting minds is not 1 military, but industrial. The white races have not yet de- | generated in peace and luxury as the; Romans did, though Great Britain de- pends largely on the dark races in In- dia for troops, and made a poor show- | ing in a little war fought with waite | soldiers alone. But the white races | have suffered potential industrial ae| generacy, which would be revealed by actual competition with an indepen- |’ dent dark race. ‘This competition has been avoided | by exploiting the cheaper dark labor in Asia, Africa and America, instead |, of letting It produce in competition. That cannot be done with Japan, and | Japan is about to try to exploit the isbor of other dark races, instead of allowing the whites to do it. Industrial production is costly for | the white races because they have ac- | cumulated artificial wants, must en- | joy @ high style of living, earn high wages and work short hours. We can: | not compete with Asiatics anywhere. Under the lead of a nation not infer- |' or to the white, why should they not |' rradually take from us the world’s |! markets, the commerce of the high || eas, the wealth of the empire and the | nancial supremacy that decides war || ind compels peace? 1 ‘That is the real yellow peril. No || ation is so ill prepared to meet it | s the United States.—Minneapolis, | firbune. 3 i Alderman George F. Harding has for the past two years served ali the people so faithfully in the second ward that he will have Practically no opposition in his campaign for re-election to the city council, “CLANSMAN,” KNOCKED OUT AGAIN. MAYOR THOMPSON DECLARED TO DELEGATION OF CITIZENS THAT INFAMOUS PLAY WOULD BE SUPPRESSED. The Informer Starts Successful Move- ment to Ston the Production of Tom Dixon's Notorious Drama Which Was Billed to Appear at the Detroit Opera House March 21. To Suopress “The Clansman.” | The members of the Afro-American | Ministers’ Association, including Revs. T. A. Smythe, George Bundy, C. E. Alien, O. H. McGowan, Joseph W. Jar- vis reenforeed by Attorneys R. C. Fares, W. W. Ferguson and Editor Francis H. Warren, called upon Mayor Thompson Tuesday evening last for the purpose of having “The Clans: man” suppressed, which is billed to play at the Detrait opera house March 2ist for three days. Mayor Thomp- | son received the gentlemen with great coe and after hearing the charac- ter of the play explaind to him by Rev. Bundy, who saw it at Dayton, Ohio, declared that “such a play should not be permitted upon the American stage,” and made an en- agement with them for the following Gay, when Mr. Hally, assistant city at- torney, would be present and see ‘what could be done to suppress the ‘ebjectionable play. Wednesday, at 4 p. m., the gentle- men met according to appointment, reenforced with the presence of Judge Alfred J. Murphy, William Van Pyke, Judge W. F. Connolly and As- sistant City Attorney P. J. Hally. Editor Warren said the coming of “The Clansman,” was announced in the theatrical news of The Free Press on March 6 and was said to be billed for the Detroit opera house. Rev. Bundy further elucidated the charac- ter of the play and Corporation Coun- cil Hally gave the opinion that the mayor had sufficient power to sup- press the, play without further evi- dence. Mayor Thompson declared that he was satisfied with the show- ing made, and when satisfied with his authority to act would go the limit to suppress “The Clansmai.” Affidavits were prepared and sworn to by Rev. Bundy and Editor Warren and given the mayor as to the specific and general character of the infam- us play. The Men's club of St. Matthew's adopted resolutions pray- ing the mayor to suppress “The Clans- man” and asking other Christian bod- es to co-operate in the movement..— The Informer, Detroit, Mich. In this connection it might be said hat editor Warren led off in the novement to prevent “The Clansman” rom showing in Detroit. Full credit 4 s due him in this respect, and “The slansman,” would never had a run of ve or six weeks in this city, last sun: |, er if its so-called leading Colored | itizens would have united on its sup- |, ression. 1 Attorney J. Gray Lucas, the Black Millionaire, Has Be- come Bughousty. | For a long time we are free to confess that we had a very high opinion of J. Gray Lucas, for we thought he was honest in his deal- ings with his fellowmen, but since he has become one of the black millionaires of Chicago, in his own mind, we have greatly changed our mind in this respect. One of the reasons which has lead us to change our mind re- specting the honest and straight- forward conduct on the part of this handsome black millionaire is this. Last Tuesday morning he invited the writer into the of- fice of Capt. James S. Nelson and I. J. Reed, rig La Salle St., and after requesting us to be seated, he began the conversation by ac- cusing us of getting pointers from Attorneys McElwee and Abbott, who have offices on the sixth floor of the same building in re- lation to his shady conduct ia connection with his ten million dollar law suit. We very plainly informed millionaire Lucas that in making that statement “he was a liar.” At that point in the conversa- tion he jumped to his feet, ran to the door and locked it. Then he turned to us and declared he would knock our block off us, and used a lot of rough bughouse lan- guage which can only gush forth from the mouths of that class of black millionaire lawyers who are seemingly not above resorting to one or two dishonest tricks in order to earn a few dollars. A Good Home for Children. Wanted children, “either White or Colored to board and room, they will receive the care of a good mother; charges reasonable. Mrs. L. Coleman, 2830 Armour Ave, 2d fat. 5 : 4 ALDERMAN JOHN BURNS. Continues to nut up a lively fight for re-election to the Council in the 30th ward, and his friends feel that he will make a successful race. ————————————— CANDIDATE FOR MAYOR. THE PEKIN. ; The past week has seer panes OY ae Endorsed For | throngs of people attending the layor By Citizens. ee ee ee eee ade Kansas City,—Joshua Wallac: Voohies, a Negro, has filed a peti- tion signed by 678 members oi his race with the city clerk in Kansas City, Kas.. asking that his name be placed on the ballot for mayor on the independent ticket to be voted at the coming munic- ipal election. Voohies was born a slave in Nashville, Tenn., just before the close of the civil war. He has been a member of the _ police force and a deputy street commis sioner and now is in’ business for himself. “Do you expect to win?” was asked of Veohies. “Sure I do. Wouldn't have entered the race if I hadn't. No map ever lost yet that I backed for office. I can push myself in the same way.”—Ex. Mr. Voohies is on the right track and what the Negro needs above all things is political inde- pendence. —Editor. CONSERVATOR ae In last week's issue of the Chi- cago Conservator, there came out in glowing head lines that the Clansman was debarred from playing its engagement here as was billed. We will say, that to our sorrow the play was not stopped, while an effort was at- tempted Those uncalled for misrepresentations on the part of the Conservator is hurtful to the race, especially when the truth could have been easily —ascer- tained—The Bystander, Des Moines, Ia.. March 16. 1907. Brother Thompson, it seems all most impossible for the brainy editor of The Conservator to ad- here to the truth at any time. since it has become the head dis- tributor of the false impression respecting the winning of the ten million dollar suit in the pat- ent car wheel case—Editor. INSTITUTIONAL CHURCH. Passion week services will he observed at the church beginning tomorrow, Palm Sunday, and con- tinuing all week, assisted by Mrs Malie Alexander, Evangelist. Friday afternoon (Good Fri- day) special illustrated service for children at 4 o'clock. Subject Christ on the Cross. 5:30 a. m. Easter morning, spe- cial service illustrated on canvass with music by invisible voices. Subject, Christ's Resurrection. This service will be of special in- terest to all. 10:45 a. m., Sermon on Resur- rection. Special Easter music by voluntary choir at both morning and evening services. Negro Student Wins Houor. Claude Smith, 16 years old, g Negro, the first and only Colored member of the Boonville, Ind. high school, defeated his 21 class- mates in a recent examination. Smith was the student who ob- tained full credit on his mathe- matics, and he fell only a few points below in his other studies. —Ry THE PEKIN. The past week has seer throngs of people attending the new production at the Pek: Theatre, State and 27th streets. The new “Queen of the Jungles” is beyond doubt one of the most popular attractions ever put on at the Pekin. _ The piece gives ample opportunity for scenic en- vironment, costuming and ‘its characters are in thorough keep- ing with the capabilities of the Pekin Stock Company. Marri- son Stewart. J. Ed. Green ana Jerry Mills are seen at their best in this production and have sev- eral side-splitting situations which they take full advantage of. A lit- tle side play introduced in this piece called the “Syndicate” in which this talented trio takes part is one of the funniest conceptions ever seen on a stage. Among the other features are the “mokey maids” or “Jungaloo.” a happy conceit in which six dusky chorus girls appear clothed as-monkies and go through many amusing evolutions during the singing of the chorus of “The Monkey and the Maid.” Lawrence Chenault. Nettie Lewis, Lottie Grady, Pearl Brown and George Day give a splendid account of themselves and the big chorus as usual, is extremely efficient and work hara to win the applause of their audi | tors. Much can be said for the music of the “Queen of the! Jungles.” This was written by Joe Jordan and James T. Brymn. and there are several numbers| that are already being euees on the street. Among these are “Swing Along,” “I'm So Hungry.’ | “Shake Your Feet.” “No Use Actin’ What You Aain’t.” and “Go Ahead and See If I Care.” The book and Ivrics of this piece were written by Mr. Stanley Wood who dramatized “Ivan the Terrible’ and wrote an acting ver- sion of the “Resurreatian” for he Bush Temple, besides having written a number of plays which are being used by stock com- panies all over the country. Pro- yrictor Motts promises something out of the ordinary in this pro- duction —“O.” The Cornell Club Will Assist Mrs. Graham. The members of the Cornell Charity Club will on Thursday evening April 4th, give a bene- fit at the home of Mrs. Sarah Hamilton, 5355 Grove avenue, for Mrs. Graham, who is a widow and her five little children. Mrs. Graham is a worthy wom- an and she is deserving of assis- tance. The following ladies will have charge of the affair: Mmes. Mason. Hogan, Burton, Montgomery, “Hamilton, Tyler Augustus, Colfins, Evans, Gracie = Miss Webb. FLAT TO RENT—Seven room flat; modern; to rent, 4526 St. Lawrence Ave. after May Ist. Apply at second flat. —— FARMER'S HAIR TONIC - AND CREAM. When all else fails try Farm- er’s hair tonic and cream. On sale at The Peoples’ Pharmacies agth and Armour Ave., and 27th and Dearborn Streets, also at 4832 and 4856 Langley Ave. BLACK DIAMOND DEVELOPMENT COMPANY Now Out of the Woods and On Its This Cmpany after passing through a long period of uncer tain and strenuous efforts to raise enough money to develop its resources and put it on a paying basis, by offering its stock way below par to a skeptical and prejudiced public, has at least suc- ceeded in placing all of the stock it has for sale at the present upon the market and has thereby realized all necessary money to fully develop its properties and market its products. To the many persons who have doubted both the genuineness of the enterprise and the ability of the company to accomplish what it has now absolutely demonstrated. To these persons it has now been made plain that they were in error. . All investors can now rest easy and securely while their money in this Company will be working for them while they arv awake and while they are asleep, as it will not cease to worl: while the gas holds out to burn. A We have many more wells to drill We have only drilled one-fifth (1-5) of the number intended. But the income from those already drilled will furnish in an increasing ratio ample means to bore the remainder and complete the development ir any conceivable way in a short while. There will be an increasing surplus going into the dividend fund, which will be declared in @ reasonable time within the discretion of the Board of Directors. Black Diamond Development Co. A. Wilberforce Williams, Pres. CHIPs. Mrs. Cornelia Reynolds; 3658 Dearborn St., is confined to her bed with a severe attack of la | grippe. Mrs. Burina Jones, 6348 Rhodes Ave., has been confined to hes home for the past week with la grippe- Mr. Solomon Johnson, Colored, of New York, was appointed as immigration inspector at Ellis Island. Mr. J. C. Overton, of Nashville, Tenn., is in the city to spend the summer, stopping at 3407 State street. Mr. Chas. Young of Baltimore, i Md., is spending a few weeks in [the city, stopping at the Key- stone Hotel. | Mr. Will Riley, the _ popular piano player, is confined to his |bed in Provident Hospital with | pneumonia, | St. Thomas Episcopal Chu:ch jis preparing an unusually large {class for its confirmation celebra- tion next month. Mr. Harry Woods, 3434 State |St.. will succeed Mr. Leland as [manager of tle Giants baseball |team this summer. The Cosmopolitan Club will entertain at a dancing party at the Douglass Club House Mon- jday evening, April 1st. | Mr. Virgil Cook, Sr., 6611 Vin- 'cennes Ave., has been confined <0 his home for the past week with a severe nervous attack. | Mrs. Hattie Curtis-Hall of Boston presented her husband with a fine baby boy Tuesday Mother and son doing fine. Alderman Dan V. Harkin, con- tinues to put up a winning fight for his re-election to the city council from the 14th ward. Mr. and Mrs. R. G. Bell, 137 W. 47th street, will celebrate their 12th wedding anniversary Wednesday evening, April 17th. Dr. A. John Thomas, who is in the government service as a veterinary surgeon, is in the city, stationed at the Union Stock Yards. Mr. Alonzo Napier, a dental student at Mehany Medical Col | lege. arrived in the city Tuesday, stopping at Mrs. Nichols, 280 E. |, 32d St. = Mr. George Henderson, whose }} arm was amputated a few weeks ago, is able to attend to his duties | | again in the office of the Phoenix |' Ins. Co. Mr. Alexander King, a Negro, |! was appointed assistant superin- | endent and assigned to the Wall |’ street branch of the New York |i postoffice. “Cannon Ball” Wilson, of The |; ‘Columbia Giants” fame, will be | een on one of the local diamonds | , his season under the manage-|_, nent of Mr. Peters. Prof. A. L. Simpson, who at me time was one of the popular | , yoys on the south side, has open-| 1 a ny Sai ae 200 West Madison St. Mayor Edward F. Dany. +. addressed many meeting. = week and everywhere +). ., dications are that he), triumphantly re-electted. Mrs. Edward S. Miller 2 Wabash ave., gave a re s Thursday afternoon from o'clock in honor of her t Mrs. Susan Davis, Danvil). |. Mr. Hobson. the tail» i Mr. Jas. Tuppins, the harl.. 4; 3023 State St.. had a fir t Tuesday night which des; , everything. Both were j; ” sured. Negroes of New Orleans. |. are to erect a six-story «tii t theater building on the cor Gavier and Saratoga <tr : the cost of $60,000 with bank on the first floor. Alderman Frank |. |; chairman of the finance « * tee of the city council. \! always been a true jrie: worthy — Afro-Americans again be re-elected to that from the Seventh ward. Guy Cramer. secretary 1 or Edward F. Dunne and |. Tansey, secretary of the |) cratic central committee «i ( county, both feel that alth very hard fight is being \o. against Mayor Dunne, nevis « less he will be a winner on \ pr! and. Whenever the United s:..- comes to the conclusion tha time for all foreigners and th. scendants of foreigners 1. back to their native cow then and not until then. wi Negro return to Africa. SS ator Morgan and Bishop I) need give themselves no nne~ ness about the Negro going In. home.—The Afro-American | ger. Mrs. Dowcre W. AL Bue 2332 Wabas? ave.. woo ha- i) 2 im hesith ier the past en years, is at the present tine seriously ill and as soon as - feels strong enough she wil! removed to Provident Ho-pital where she will undergo an oper ion. Mrs. Buckner has mi warm friends in this city an many parts of the country »'y: ope she will 'soon be restore): rood health. Frank Shepard and Sam \inn-. wo Negroes, attended a mas: vier de ball at Hyannis, Neb.. lis! veek and danced with the elite «i he city. As “George Wasiine on™ and “Uncle Sam” they w« mong the most successiully « umed of the evening. Hoth + hese gentlemen are said to ha een excellent Mancers and the rograms were filled with the ives and daughters of the I= ng citizens. When they unmasked later © saloon they almost precipita race riot. Attempts were ma’ o arrest them, but with their azors they successfully resists rrest.—Ex. What grew my hair where it was not and covered up a ded bald spot. Farmer’s Hair Tonic and Cream. BREVITIES THE HALL OF FAME. Nicola Puccini, the Italian composer, holds the record of having written no fewer than 134 operas. He was born in 1728. E. H. Brown of Montpeller, Vt., has a "banjo clock" 105 years old, invented by the Willards of Boston. After twenty-six year rest the clock is keeping excellent time. H. W. Potter of Kingman claims the record for log hauling in eastern Maine. On Jan. 12 he hauled with seventeen teams 52,700 feet, which made an average of 3,100 feet per load. A recent old folks' concert in Brockton, Mass., had as a feature the singing of Ellis Holmes, who is in his ninety-second year. For a large part of a century Mr. Holmes has been a bass singer. John Stevens of Washington, Pa., was forced to dig his way through a solid wall of coal and debris twenty feet thick in order to escape from a mine in which he was imprisoned. His only tool was an iron pointed pick handle. Professor Kuno Frankke, curator of the Germanic museum at Harvard university, has received information from the German embassy at Washington that Emperor William has conferred upon him the Order of the Crown of the Second Class. The elder Salvini has just had judgment confirmed in the New York courts by which he recovers $20,000 from the managers who failed to make good their contract with him for a tour here in 1904. Salvini is now seventy-eight years of age. William P. Letchworth, whose gift of 1,000 acres at Portage Falls, on the Genesee river, for a public park has been accepted by New York state, is an adopted member of the Seneca tribe of Indians and bears the tribal name Hai-wa-te-is-tah (The man who always does the right thing). Henry Squires, who recently died in Burlington, Ia., was at one time recognized as the greatest tenor singer in America. He began his musical career in Burlington, Vt., in 1825, and sang in numerous grand opera troupes and traveled all over the world. He sang in concert with Jenny Lind and in opera with Carrolla Patti. Living together on a farm at Putney, Vt. are three brothers whose ages aggregate 250 years. They are Ira, aged eighty-six; William, eighty-three years old, and Willard Smith, who has lived eighty-one years. These brothers are living on the farm where they were born and none of them has ever been more than thirty miles from Putney. ENGLISH ETCHINGS. London's imports by sea are over 174,000,000 tons yearly. England was first divided into shires in the seventh century A. D. The average life of a London house is at the outside two centuries. Before the Norman conquest Winchester, not London, was the capital of England. It is quite legal in England for a child to be christened by a single letter instead of a name. The wives of knights and baronets have no right to the title of "lady," but have the designation of "dame." A London firm of electroplate makers has in its service eighteen men and women who have been working for it from fifty-six to sixty years. Under the Black Prince officers received 4 shillings a day and common soldiers twopence. The purchasing power of money was then about fourteen times what it is now. Prior to the dissolution of the monasteries by Henry VIII. sixty-four abbots and thirty-six priors sat in the house of lords, and spiritual peers entirely outnumbered the temporal. MONEY. Norway even now uses corn for currency. Absolutely pure gold is twenty-four carats fine. Sheep and oxen among the old Romans took the place of money. In India cakes of tea pass as currency, and in China pieces of silk. In some districts of New Guinea female slaves form the standard of value. Seashells were the earliest forms of money, the skins of animals coming next as a substitute. It is an interesting fact that the Japanese coins in the matter of fineness are superior to all others. The Icelandic and Irish laws yet have traces of the use of cattle for money. Many Teutonic fines were paid in cattle. In the days of 1849 of California the ounce of pure gold ($16.50) formed the common medium of exchange. Another interesting form of money was a lump of gold, called a slug, equaling just $50. OLD FASHIONED. What has become of the old fashioned man who called it "stone coal"? An old fashioned woman has very little confidence in medicine that tastes good. What has become of the old fashioned girl who was ever ready to "faint away?" What has become of the old fashioned woman who always opened the tremolo stop of her voice when she sang? What has become of the old fashioned man who went into a grocery store and inquired, "Is your scales right?" - Atchison Globe THE PRESAGE OF GREATNESS My frand, you say 'Hallo!' to me Een soecha kinda way I know dat you are gona be Da greata man som' day. You are so smarta 'Merican, You need no speak at all To poor old dumba Dago man, Bayca cause he ees so small Een deesa beega ceety. Steell You smile a' speak to me. An', oh, my frand, you mak' me feel So proud as I can be! Wan time w'en I am younga man An' leeve een Eetaly Look! See, my frand! Today he ees Da greata pope een Rome! Baycause you say "Hallo!" to me Een soocha kinda way I know dat you are gona be Da greata man som' day. -T. A. Daly in Catholic Standard and Times. A Memory Test Indeed! Golfer (who rather fancies himself)— I suppose you've been round the links with worse players than me, eh? The caddy takes no notice. Golfer (in his loudest voice)—I say, I suppose you've been round the links with worse players than me, eh? Caddy—I heard verra weel what ye said the first time. I'm just thinkin' about it. The Bright Side. Mr. Jurgins had been suddenly afflicted with a stiff neck. Not only was it a painful stiffness, but it caused him to twist his head around until he seemed to be trying to look behind him over his left shoulder, and his head was rigid in that pose. "Of all the confounded trials a man was ever subjected to," he said, "this is the limit. They say to look on the bright side of our afflictions, but I'd like to know how I could make use of this stiff neck." "My dear friend," said the optimist, "think what a golden opportunity this is to sit for your picture without having to allow the photographer to twist your head around that way and jab those fee cold tongs into the back of your neck."—Judge. The Conclusion. A group of workmen were arguing during the dinner hour. A deadlock had been reached when one of the men on the losing side turned to a mate who had remained silent during the whole of the debate. “Ere, Bill,” he said, “you’re pretty good at a argymen’. Wot’s your opinion?” “I ain’t a-goin’ to say,” said Bill. “I thrashed the matter out afore with Dick Grey.” “Ah,” said the other artfully, hoping to entice him into the fray, “an’ what did you arrive at?” “Well, evenchually,” said Bill, “Dick e’arrived at the ’orsital an’ I arrived at the perlice station!”—London Tit-Bits. Self Appreciation. "Why don't you go to work?" asked the severe looking woman. "Lady," answered Plodding Pete, "I'm surprised at you. De way tings is gain" youse财 thirty members of de middle学院 ought to be grateful to me fur not bein' an insurance grafter or a bank robber."—Washington Star. His Preference "Always do right, young man," said the parson, "and your friends will stand by you." "Yes; that's always the way," rejoined the young man, "but what I want is friends who will stand by me when I go wrong."-Chicago News. In a Hurry. Little Dimpleton—How long will it take you to give me a working knowledge of jiu jitsu? The Professor-Oh, say two weeks. "But, heavens, man, I can't wait all that time to get rid of that cook"—New York Life. Family Greetings A countryman meeting a pretty peasant woman leading a donkey said in passing. "Good day, mother of the donkeys." "Good day, my most beloved son," was the instant reply.—Il Diavolo Rossa. An Insinuation Feared. Clergyman — Madam, you must be consoled with the thought that your husband is at rest. Widow—Do you mean that he didn't have any before he died?—New Orleans 'Times-Democrat. Net Particular. "Doctor, how can I ever repay you for your kindness to me?" "Doesn't matter, old man. Check, money order or cash." — Milwaukee Sentel. HUMOR HIS MEMORY RETURNED. He Wanted a Snow Shovel, as Surmised by the Storekeeper. He stopped in front of a hardware store for a moment and looked all around and then carried his hand to his head like a man who had forgotten something. Then he slowly entered the store and looked around and shook his head. "You want something?" observed the clerk as he came forward. "I do." "But for the moment you have forgotten-what it is?" "That's exactly the case. I knew when I left the house, but it has gone from my head now. If you'd offer me a hundred dollars, I couldn't remember what I started after." "We have lots of such cases, and we solve them in a moment. Here is what you want." And he passed behind a lot of stoves and dragged out a big snow shovel and placed it in the other's hands and said: "Thirty-five cents, please, and you'll find the material of the best." "By George! By George!" exclaimed the customer. "But that's exactly what I wanted! What a curious thing memory is. I wanted a snow shovel, and now I'll take it home and put it in the cellar, and if my neighbors don't keep their walks clean I'll complain to the police."—Chicago News. Did Not Count There is a small boy in Pittsburgh who is intensely patriotic and who is, as a rule, a very well informed Sunday school student. Not long ago there were some visitors, and Tommy's teacher, wishing to show off her class to the best advantage, called upon him to answer a series of questions. All went well until the very usual one, "Who was the first man?" "George Washington—first in war, first in"—Tommy began enthusiastically, but the teacher hastily interrupted. "No, no, dear! You mean Adam, don't you?" "Oh, if you are talking about dagoes, I s'pose he might be," admitted Tommy.-Harper's Weekly. Which? Once upon a time two young women came to a wise theatrical manager and applied for positions as stars. "It is not our custom to engage stars who have had no dramatic experience," he said. "And neither of you has been on the stage?" "No, sir," they replied. "Then what qualifications do you possess?" "I, sir," said the first young woman, "have ambition and a future." "I, sir," said the second young woman, "have ambition and a past which would make copy." And so the manager made out a contract for one of them.—Judge. Terrible Revenge Mme. Labarlue-I saw Mme. Paul having a great altercation with your cook this afternoon. Mme. Vincent-Yes; I am not altogether surprised. Just fancy, she had the nerve to copy my last new hat! Mme. Labarlue-Well, what did you do? Mme. Vincent-I gave mine to the cook-Pele Mele. The Joy of It. Miss Jenks-I don't see why you consider it a pleasure to hear him preach. I understand he always talks about fire and brimstone. Miss Farrasy — Exactly! And it's such a pleasure to think of what's in store for some people, you know.—Philadelphia Press. Hitting Home. Goodley—Oh, come, now! I wouldn't call him a cad. Boorisch—No? Well, what is your idea of a cad? Goodley—Well, usually it is a fellow who is forever calling somebody else one.—Catholic Standard and Times. Comforting Thought! "Shocking weather, Giles." "It be main bad, squire, but better than none at all, say Ol!" Misanthropic Blues. "I don't possess," the cynic said, "A single friend on earth." And yet he lifted up his head And smiled in chilly mirth. "I hear no scandal," he explained; "I get no tips that fail: I mourn no comradeship disdained; I hear no hard luck tale. "From crowds in the department store I turn with footsteps free. I make no gifts—not any more— And none make gifts to me. An oyster or a clam! —Washington Star FACTS IN FEW LINES Spain is having millions of nickel coins made in Germany. More than 6,000 women are said to be engaged in the Russian secret service. The life of the baby rhinoceros in the New York zoo has been insured for $3,000. Canada's trade with the United States is now nearly three times greater than her trade with the mother country. In Turin a paper used to appear eight years ago which was printed in luminous ink, so that it could be read in the dark. The Chinese claim to be the originators of the newspaper. The Imperial Gazette of Peking is said to have been published over 1,500 years. Italian widows are compelled by an old law to remarry on Saturday. Sunday is the usual day selected in Italy by those who have never been married before. There are nearly twice as many dogs in France as in the United Kingdom, France having seventy-five dogs to every 1,000 people and Great Britain thirty-eight. A private Japanese company is arranging for the establishment of a Japanese colony in Alberta, northwest Canada. It will be the first Asiatic colony in western Canada. The Koh-i-noor is not nearly so valuable a diamond as several others in existence. It is valued at £140,000, but the Pitt is valued at £400,000 and the Russian Orlof at £200,000. Lake Morat, in Switzerland, has the property every tenth year of turning red, owing to the presence of certain water plants, which are not found in any other lake in the world. The first trial for breach of promise of marriage in England was in the reign of Queen Elizabeth. France and Belgium had no legislation on the subject until about fifteen years ago. If the northern valleys of the Pyrenees were dammed and the water used electrical power to the extent of 10,000,000 horsepower could be obtained—that is, twice as much as is used in all the factories of Europe. An oak spinning wheel that has been in the Sibley family, West Sutton, Mass., for 150 years is still in perfect condition. All the yarn for the woolen garments worn in the family in three generations was spun on the wheel. To have all his hair turn gray at the early age of six years with no apparent cause has been the lot of the son of John Ertwine of Bloomsburg, Pa. The boy's parents first noticed that his hair was turning about a year ago. Lewelyn Wilkinson of Groveport, O., has a cat that is a perfect "pointer and retriever." When he discovers a quail he stands up on his hind legs and remains there until his master comes up. The cat has retrieved 154 birds this season. The sacred fires of India have not all been extinguished. The most ancient which still exists was consecrated twelve centuries ago, in commemoration of the journey made by the Parsees when they immigrated from Persia to India. One of the most interesting little charities is that of a Yorkshire (England) station master, who every week of his life makes a toy railway engine. At the end of the year he sends the lot to a hospital for the use of the boys in the institution. The original charter of the town of Dunstable, N. H., granted by Benning Wentworth, royal governor of New Hampshire province under King George III., July 1, 1746, has been placed in the Nashua library. The charter was bought at auction for about $100 in Boston last year. After reading Indian tales James Woods of Skelton, Conn., decided to do some shooting on his own account, so he armed himself with bow and arrow and went out in the woods. Not long afterward the boy returned with a good sized fox. A well directed arrow had pierced the animal's eye. Director Sir Caspar Purdon Clarke of New York's Museum of Art thinks that Pierpont Morgan's great collection, now at South Kensington, may be brought over here eventually. He speaks of a celebrated Eros, a bronze Cupid of large size and one of the most beautiful examples of antique bronze known, said to have cost $30,000. A telegraph clerk at Turin has invented a new system of telegraphing on trains in motion whereby messages are exchangeable not only with other trains, but also with all the stations along the line and the central telegraph offices. Experiments carried out at Domodossola surpassed expectations, and greetings from a fast express were wired to King Victor Emmanuel. Like the old Ferris wheel of the Columbian exposition days, the great wheel of Earl's Court, London, will never revolve again. It is being taken down and the steel in it sent to Wales, where, mixed with plg iron and iron ore, it will be converted into steel bars for tin plate making. Biscuit, tobacco and mustard cans will be manufactured from these. The steel of the British warship Montagu will undergo the same fate. The possibility of life without mind, while not subject to positive proof, is a theory that has gained considerable strength recently through its advocacy by Dr. L. Laloy, librarian of the Academy of Sciences, Paris. He believes that many of the smaller living organisms, as insects, are more moving machines, having no more intelligence than may be ascribed to plants. He refers to the well known fact that insects are attracted by light, often to their own destruction, and ascribes it to the same cause that inclines the plant to grow toward the light. SELECTIONS TRAIN NUMBERS. How They Are Used and How They Grow So Large. Travelers and commuters have often to consider the trains as numbered in what appears to them inexplicable ways. For example, a request at the information bureau of the Grand Central station will elicit the reply that train No. 470 will not stop at Peekskill or on the New Haven line that train No. 570 will stop on Saturdays at Coscobel, but not on other days; that on the Pennsylvania train No. 634 will stop at Metuchen, but not at Rahway; that on the Delaware and Lackawanna train No. 410 is an Easton express, and that train No. 390 is the millionaires' special to Bernardsville and will stop only at Newark. The traveler knows, of course, that there are not so many trains and only identifies them by the hour of departure and arrival, so this information is usually vague enough as given by numbers to him, although relevant enough to railroad men, for it tells of the history of the trains. When the railroads were new they put on a passenger train numbered 1 and 2 and a freight train numbered 3 and 4, and they increased this service according to the demands of traffic, raising the numbers consecutively, the even numbered trains running one way, the odd numbered trains the other. As the exacting demands of new business developed trains were increased, and some of the old ones were dropped, but their numbers, which still lived in the minds of the operatives, could not really be duplicated, and they named them with still higher numbers until their numerical titles have lost relation to their source except in the minds of employees. But as the railroads extended themselves and a generation of employees passed they returned to the primal numbers for their important trains, so that trains 1 and 2, 3 and 4, 5 and 6, etc. are on nearly all railways the through expresses. But the original trains, by shifting of time or other causes, run under titles of 400, 500 or some numeration that means nothing to the traveler, but to the railroad man reveals its history from origin to date.—New York Press. Violent Deaths In New York city occur ten violent deaths a day as a direct result of daily activities. In Chicago the number falls to six a day, according to Dr. Thomas Grant Allen. But the storm center of the country is Allegheny county, Pa., in which the city of Pittsburg is situated, combining steel, iron and coal industries, mills, mines, railroads and building industries. Over 17,000 deaths and injuries a year in all industries is the record for this single county. "Conditions are such that the life of a foreigner employed in the mills is given less consideration than is the life of a horse or mule," says the coroner of Allegheny county. "During my first month in office I was astounded to find that within the thirty days twelve men were killed in one plant alone of the United States Steel corporation." "If even the present laws were enforced," the Hungarian consul has protested, "conditions would not be so bad."—"Everybody's Magazine. Wintering Dahlia Tubers As soon as the tops are killed by the frost they should be cut off to within six inches of the ground. The tubers may then be dug and inverted in the ground, to permit the sap remaining in the plant to settle without dripping among the tubers, as it is believed the sap is an injury to the roots. After the plants become dry they may be placed in a cellar in boxes or baskets and kept dry, but not permitted to shrivel. Any condition suitable for good care of potatoes is favorable for wintering dahlia tubers. The tubers are very susceptible to injury from freezing—Country Gentleman. Hardening Arteries Arteriosclerosis, the thickening and hardening of the artery walls, is one of the most common causes of death. It is indicated by increased or lessened blood tension in the arteries, and when the sphygmometer reveals such condition Professor d'Arsonval, the eminent Frenchman of science, applies six baths of a high frequency electric current. Such applications, it is claimed, completely restore the normal blood pressure. The baths, of five or ten minutes each, may be taken three times a week, and they cause no inconvenience or disagreeable sensation. Tea Drinking In China. Nothing tends so much to keep down mortality in China as the habit of drinking hot tea instead of possibly contaminated well water. Tea to a rich Chinaman means concentrated tea, costing 10 cents an ounce; to the poor it is hot water with a few tea leaves dipped in and to the very poor simply hot water. It is significant of the increased wealth in the country that the majority of the lower classes, who heretofore could only afford hot water, are now indulging in actual tea. Soft Woods Give Out Most Heat Contrary to a widespread belief that hard woods give more heat in burning than soft varieties, the scientists at Washington are contending that the greatest heating power is possessed by the wood of the linden tree, which is very soft. Fir stands next to linden and almost equal to it. Then comes pine, hardly inferior to fir and linden, while hard oak possesses 8 per cent less heating capacity than linden and red beech 10 per cent less. FEW CRACK BILLIARDISTS, Schaefer Deserves Most Credit For Improving the Game. The fact that very few first class billiardists have ever been developed is one of the strange features of the game. Vignaux, Schaefer and Slosson have been champions more than thirty years, the only others developed during all this time being Ives, Hoppe and Sutton, a most remarkable showing, not to be paralleled in any other branch of sport. Of all the experts Schaefer deserves most credit for the development of the game to its present high standard. He always has been anxious and willing to aid in the development of youngsters, and Ives, Hoppe, Morningstar and Sutton all were his pupils. The balk line nurse, the feature of play responsible for all high runs, however, is the invention of Sutton, and when as a shortstop he first sprung it he occasioned great surprise. Schaefer is the father of all the rules under which billiards are played. At various times he has surmounted by his inventive genius the many barriers imposed on experts to decrease their speed and necessitated the making of new restrictions, for the other experts could all take advantage of the new discoveries as soon as they came to know them, and almost unending runs were the result. In a championship contest between Jake and Ives the latter sat down with 14 to go, and Schaefer came to bat with 506 to go. The largest run ever made up to that time had been 288, and the Wizard seemed to have but little show to win. His great inventive genius came to the rescue, however, the anchor nurse was discovered, and Schaefer ran the game out. This was the only time the anchor nurse was allowed in a match game, for Ives after it was discovered could play it as well as Schaefer, and as it made the game too easy it was immediately barred. Incidental to the above game, Frank White, a well known Chicago sport, won a most remarkable bet from Leo Mayer, the well known bookmaker. As Schaefer walked up to the table in the final inning White turned around to Mayer, who was making books on the contest, and said, "What are the odds now, Leo?" "One hundred to 1," said Mayer. "I'll bet you $10," said White. "Done," said Leo. And when the game was over Leo had to settle with the wise Mr. White, who, a billiard player himself, knew that a game was never over until the last point was made.—Washington Post. Painting Barrels. Did you ever see a Standard Oil man paint a barrel? No? It is a revelation. Tricks in all trades. The oil barrels, as every well informed man should know (Standard Oil being the biggest thump in the world), are blue as to blige and bulge and white as to heads. The completed barrel is rolled into the shop by thousands. A man steps up with a brush of white paint and with three swipes executes a design upon the head, then spins the barrel along. It is caught by another man with a brush deeply dipped in blue paint. He takes the rim between his thumb and fingers, gives it a whirl and while that barrel is spinning runs his brush up and down. In less than three seconds that barrel is all blue. Then as it spins along the man with the white paints keels it over and with three more swipes makes the other head white. Talk about your bowling alleys!-New York Press. Blind Football Fans When the 200 inmates of Henshaw's Blind asylum, Manchester, sat down to tea the other evening an officer read out to them the announcement in the Daily Mall of a special edition for the blind. There was a burst of applause when the reading was over, followed by a buzz of animated discussion. "It is surprising," said Mr. M. H. Illingworth, the governor, "what a keen interest the blind take in field sports. They follow the game of football in detail." "Have you ever been to a football match?" he asked a blind youth. "Yes," he replied. "And you know the players?" "Yes, I know them all and everything that is going on."-London Mall, Single and Plural S Germans. A journalist in Berlin has been exercising his ingenuity in attempts to explain the meaning of the letter S which appears with more or less frequency after the names of German military officers in the records kept at the ministry of war and in the kaiser's military cabinet. He has come to the following conclusions: One S after an officer's name means that this particular officer "sauft" (drinks); SS means that he "sauft stark" (drinks hard); SS denotes that he "sauft sehr stark" (drinks very hard); SSMS means that he "sauft sehr stark schnapps" (drinks very hard schnapps); finally, SSSSMS means that the "schnappp" is "schlecht" (bad). Any officer with five S's is summarily dismissed by the kaiser. A Swell Bootblack A bootblack wearing a diamond stud and whose linen is as spotless as that worn by those whose shoes he shines is one of the fixtures of a government building in this city. He was highly insulted when a passing stranger, seeing his "kit," asked him to "pollsh 'em up!" In a loud voice the son of Italy gave the well intentioned offender to understand that he "shined only by contract." This is a fact, and when at the end of each month he collects his "fees" the bootblack's pile in profits amounts to as much as the salaries of some of the men who employ him and is really in excess of that paid to many.—Philadelphia Record. Wholesale and Retail Dealer in... Fifty-First St. and Armour Ave. RAIL YARDS: 1st St. & L. S. & M. S. RY. 2nd St. and ARMOUR Ave. CHICAGO 50,000 BOOKS FREE By Mail 50,000 BOOKS FREE By Mail THIS BOOK contains many illustrations and is a storehouse of knowledge for both old and young who are suffering from excesses, lost vitality, nervous disorders, blood poison, stomach, kidney and bladder diseases. It explains how you can successfully cure yourself at home. DR. JOS. LISTER & CO. 40 Dearborn St. A-10. Chicago, Ill. Tile and Slate Hauling a Specialty. COAL J. H. COLEMAN & CO. Express & Van Moving TRUNKS EVERYWHERE. 2540 State Street Tel. 699 South CHICAGO Phone Oakland 1328 F. A. Rawlins The Modern Embalmer UNDERTAKER AND FUNERAL DIRECTOR When his work is finished you have no displeasure. 4834 State St., CHICAGO Phone Douglas 1550 ICE CREAM CIGARS. TOBACCO SHIRT WAISTS KIMONAS MRS. A. E. BAKER NOTIONS 419-36TH STREET Underwear a Specialty CHICAGO J. GARNER Tel. Douglas 325 THE ELITE BUFFET FINE WINES, LIQUORS AND CIGARS 3030 State Street CHICAGO McCALL PATTERN 10 15 MORE NUMBER McCALL MAGAZINE 50 YEAR INCLUDING A FREE PATTERN There are more McCall Patterns sold in the United States than of any other make of patterns. This is an account of their style, accuracy and simplicity. McCall's Magazine (The Magazine) has been subscribers than any other Lucky Magazine. One year's subscription (in numbers) costs 50 cents. Latest year's subscription (in numbers) costs 5 cents. Member gets a McCall Pub name. Subscribe today. Lady Agents Wanted. Handsome premises or laboral cash commission. Pattern Catalogue (of two do- ment) and Premium Catalogue showing also premises and fruits. Address THE MCCALL CO., New York Waiters and Cooks Prefer Our Make JACKETS AND LINEN because they have found them satisfactory. Write for complete Catalogue FREE. giving full instructions how to order. Marcus Ruben (Inc.) 390 State St., CHICAGO. READY FOR THE PRESS CHICAGO CAVE DWELLERS Not for Preachers 320 Pages, Cloth, $1.00 POST PAID A Story of the Underworld and the Overworld By Parker H. Serccombe, Editor To-Morrow Magazine, Chicago. Only a limited edition of this remarkable book will be printed. Each copy will be signed by Serccombe Him- self and automatically num- bered from 1 up. First orders in will get the low numbers in rotation except No. 1, which goes to Mrs. Serccombe. Address TO-MORROW MAGAZINE, For the Serenata and supernova and The New Criticism, 5220 Columet Ave., Chicago, Ill. 10 CENTS THE COPY, $1 A YEAR. --- AERIAL NAVIGATION. "Heavier Than Air" Flying Machines Now the Goal of Inventors. Prizes aggregating many thousands of dollars for the production of a flying machine of the "heavier than air" variety, offered by English and French enthusiasts, have caused great activity among would be inventors, and some of the most prominent aeronautic experts predict that the year just begun will be marked by remarkable advances in the science and practice of aerial flight. To the gasoline engine and to the extraordinary mechanical progress made in automobilism is due the hope that something definite and worthy may be achieved by those who seek to solve the problem of aerial traveling. The ordinary balloon, it is agreed, has little practical value save as an exciting form of sport and for purposes of observation in calm weather. If anything like a stiff breeze it is the sport of the winds and quite useless from a practical point of view. Better things are said of the cigar shaped contrivances utilizing both the gas bag and the gasoline engine. Six years ago Santos-Dumont was able to steer an airship of this kind around the Eiffel tower, running with and against the wind. Since that time hundreds of similar steerable balloons have been built in France until today they are nearly as common as the spherical gas bag. Nevertheless it is realized that these are far from representing a solution of the problem of practical navigation of the air. They have, in fact, only stimulated the desire for something that will represent a radical improvement, such as the successful "heavier than air" vessel would be. The latter would mean, naturally, a dirigible vessel which could be driven in any kind of weather and in any desired direction. A fortune in prizes already awaits the inventor of such a vessel, to say nothing of the monetary return in a business way. Two prizes of $20,000 each, one in England, the other in France, await the inventor of the successful aeroplane. The mechanical difficulties in the way of producing a perfectly dirigible airship are immense because of the number of contingencies that must be provided for in traveling through such a mobile and treacherous element as the air. Machinery that can be depended on not to fail and precipitate the "heavier than air" machine to the earth is the most necessary qualification, but this can be provided, it is known, if the method of propulsion can be invented. The screw propeller idea is by no means ideal because of its great bulk, its poor lifting power and its enormous waste of energy. A flapping propeller, moving from side to side, seems to give promise, but many sound thinkers favor an approximation to the bird method of flight, though serious difficulties lie in the way of converting circular motion derived from a motor into the complicated and various motions performed by the wings of a bird. Even if such motion could be approximated by mechanical means great skill would be required in directing the controlling mechanism, as the constantly changing aerial conditions would have to be instinctively provided against. Toy models working after the manner of a bird's wings have successfully traveled a few yards, but have failed of success when enlarged to any extent. That the air is a region in which man can travel has been proved, however, and that under conditions he can sail or fly through it by the aid of mechanical power has also been demonstrated, but many years are likely to elapse before any practical method of aerial navigation can be attained. It is a problem that will not be solved hurriedly, but that a solution will come eventually is now almost a settled conviction with students of aeronautics, and the incentives offered abroad within the past few months give the hope that great progress, if not actual achievement, will mark the current year—New York Sun. London Theater Cleaners The housemaids, or, in theatrical language, the cleaners of a theater, if an average were taken of London theaters, would number a dozen. Every day the whole of the auditorium has to be swept and dusted, and the actors' dressing rooms cleaned and made ready for their occupation at night. The work is under the superintendence of a housekeeper, who gets a salary of at least £3 a week, while each cleaner gets about £1. There are many indies' maids to each theater who are known as dressers. To each dressing room there is at least one, and the pay is the same throughout the whole company—2 shillings for each performance, exclusive of the tips.—London Leader. To Help the Divers. The difficulty a diver experiences in lifting weights beneath the water is partly overcome by a new Italian invention, which has been formally adopted by that government. The mechanism is a diving suit, the artificial arms of which are worked from the inside by the wearer. The leverage thus secured enables the diver to lift objects heavier than he could otherwise handle. In addition to this improvement over the old method, a high power electric light that will penetrate the water for some distance is placed in the helmet. Oxen as Racers. Attempts are being made in France to train oxen for saddle riding, and several races have been organized to test their capacity. They have been trained not only as racers on the fat, but also as successful jumpers. The bridle and saddle used are almost similar in general design to those for hunters. THE HALL OF FAME. The empress of Russia is gifted with special talent for caricature. Senator Pettus, the oldest member of congress, sticks to his pet phrase of telling his colleagues how "young" he is when reference is made to his advanced years. Dr. Charles McCutcheon of Tacoma, Wash., one of the most prominent physicians on the Pacific coast, has imported from his boyhood home in Ireland 200 song birds to sing to him in his old age. Sir F. Treves recently told a health society meeting in London that as regards the treatment of our meat before we eat it we have made no advance on the habits of our ancestors, the cave dwellers. Dr. James M. Yeager, formerly president of Drew Seminary For Young Women at Carmel, N. Y., was elected a member of the Pennsylvania house of representatives from Mifflin, his native county, at the recent election. Roger Pocock, the founder of the Legion of Frontiersmen, has been in turn cowboy, novelist, poet, missionary and prospector. He led an expedition to the Klondike, served in the mounted police in the northwest and was a scout in the Transvaal war. Vere Goldthwaite, one of the most interesting personalities of the Boston bar, has had a romantic career. He is the son of a well known Boston physician and for a number of years traveled with a wild west show. For a time he was one of the best known cowboys of Colorado. Ex-Senator William E. Chandler is an expert stenographer, having learned the art of pot hook writing early in life. He uses stenography in making all his notes, and when he was in the senate he jotted down many of the speeches in which he was particularly interested and desired the notes for immediate reference. On the occasion of the last birthday anniversary of the king of Italy a letter carrier was remembered with an increase of pay. The man, whose name is Domenico Silicia, has been in the service at Rogiliano for the last sixty years, is eighty years old, blind, and still attends to his duties with the assistance of a grandchild. BRIGHT BOYS AND GIRLS WANT- ED TO SELL THE BROAD AX. Bright boys and girls can make money in every community by selling The Broad Ax. It will cost you nothing to begin, as we will send you a supply of papers for the first week free. If there are any bright boys and girls in any section of the country who want to start in business for themselves, make money and be independent, write to us at once, and we will send you ten papers free of charge. You can sell them for five cents each, this will give you the capital which you can buy more papers at the newsdealers' rate, allowing you a good profit. Thinking and progressive people read the Bracad Ax. Your father, brothers, uncles and friends will buy the paper from you. If you mean business write to Julius F. Taylor, 5040 Armour avenue, Chicago. THE BROAD AX. Is for sale at the following news stands: George M. Ogatts, 5501 Lake ave. Mrs. E. L. Holmes, 2508½ State st. Cigars, tobacco and news stand. L. W. Washington, 5613 Jefferson ave., General agent. L. L. Jones, barber shop and news stand, 3842 State st. A. F. Tervalon, 134 W. 51st street Cigar Store and News Stand. Mrs. Nellie Helps, Cigars, Notions and News Stand, 131 W. 51st street T. B. Hall's Cigar Store and Laundry office, 281 29th St. W. S. Cole, 354 Thirty-first street. cigars, tobacco and news stand. J. R. Peters Cigars, Tobacco and News Stand, 338 E. 27th street. Mrs. A. E. Baker, Notions and News Stand, 419, 36th street. W. P. Johnson, Notion Store and News Stand 3704 State st. Turner Williams' Shaving Parlor and News Stand, 2903 Armour ave. B. Davis, cigars, tobacco, and confectionery, 3532 State st. Whiteley Bros. 2724 State St., Gent's furnishings and new stand. The Stationery, 2970 State street. Cigars, Tobacco and News stand. C. C. McLain, cigars, tobacco and news stand, 2006 State street. J. H. Hadley, cigars, tobacco and news stand, 110 W. 47th street, near State. Mrs. Katherine R. Hamlet, Cigars, tobacco, and fancy groceries and news stand 5028 Armour ave. The Informer News Co., 188 Randolph St., Detroit, Mich. The Standard News Co 131 W. 53rd st., New York, City, N. Y. News items and advertisements left at these places will find their way into the columns of The Broad Ax. HILLMAN'S STATE & WASHINGTON STS. MARKET AND GROCERY TELEPHONE DOUGLAS 565 81st and State Streets J. J. Bradley BRADLEY & REAL ESTATE, AND INSURANCE 4709 S. Halsted Street Sandy W. Tripp 2918 State St New Department Why don't you get in the habit of doing you more? Every Tuesday and Friday special sales. Stamps with each 10c purchase. We carry a swell line of Ladies' Shirtwears. A spendid assortment of Shoes, Hosieries, Ribbons, Gowns. Bracelets, M linery and We make a specialty of Men's Baibriggan histcoats, Pants, Shoes, Fedora and Derby Hats. A beautiful line of soft Percale Necligee Shirts. A fancy line of Neckwear and Handkerchiefs. See our Novelties in Jewelry, Watch-chains and Safety Pins. Sandy W. Trice & Co. 2918 State Street Telephones Oakland 1489, Gray 3331, Blue 3983 W. E. Carlmore & Co. REAL ESTATE LOANS AND FIRE INSURANCE Money Loaned on Mortgages OFFICES 120 W. 51st St. 5252 State St. 4901 Dearborn St. CHICAGO L. L. JONES. S. GRAY. New Why don't Store? Every ing Stamps wi We carry sets. A spienc Laces, Ribbons We make a Vaistcoats, Pa A beautiful Why don't you get in the habit of doing your trading in the New Store? Every Tuesday and Friday special sales-day and two of Fish Trading Stamps with each 10c purchase. We carry a swell line of Ladles' Shirtwaists, Underwear and Concepts. A spiendid assortment of Shoes Hosiery, Gloves, Belts, fine Purses, Laces, Ribbons, Gowns, Bracelets, Millinery and everything you wear. We make a specialty of Men's Baibriggan Underwear, Hosiery, swell Valistcoats, Pants, Shoes, Fedora and Derby Hats. See our Novelties in Jewelry, Watch-chains. Fobs, Cuff-buttons, Studs and Safety Pins. Boys' Suits, Pants, Hats, Shoes and Shirts. American Br President and Treasurer, THOMAS S. Vice-President, JOHN SE Secretary, WIL MANUFATUREM Common and Sev Office and Yards 45th and Rol Yards running winter and sum with the latest improved Wolf input of Winter Yards input of Summer Yards Telephone Yar ILLINOIS BR American Brick Co. Common and Sewer Brick Office and Yards: 45th and Robey Sts. Output of Winter Yards ..... 1,000 per da Output of Summer Yards ..... 3,000 per da ILLINOIS BRICK CO. 994 N. Western Av 1994 N. Western Ave., Chicago Junk's Brewery unk's Br M. JUNK, Proprietor JOS. P. JUNK, M Lanouist&Illsley,Co. 3700-3710 General Contractors M. JUNK, Proprietor JOS. P. JUNK, Manager 3700-3710 South Halsted Street and 897 to 929 Thirtyseventh Street CHICAGO --- GRAY & MORAN GRAY & MORAN ATTORNEYS AT LAW Suite 1114 Ashland Block, Clark and Randolph Sts. Tel. Central 569. CHICAGO. Residence 57 Macallister Place Telephone Ashland 363 Office Telephones Central 1239 Automatic' 5940 MILES J. DEVINE ATTORNEY AT LAW Suite 318-320 Reaper Block CLARK AND WASHINGTON ST8. CHICAGO. A. D. GASH Attorney at Law, 84-86 La Salle Street, Chicago Suite 615 to 619, Telephone Main 3077. JOHN E. OWENS ATTORNEY & COUNSELOR AT LAW 333 ASHLAND 'BLOCK Tel. Douglas 1565 REAL ESTATE, LOANS AND RENTING FIRE INSURANCE Bates Building 3637 STATE STREET CHICAGO The Twentieth Century Barber Shop Agent for the Black Diamond Development Company. Stock for sale now 35c Per Share. Fine Stock of Cigars. 842 State Street, CHICAGO. Phone Douglas 4314. A. B. SCHULTZ, M. D. PHYSICIAN AND SURGEON. 2719 State Street Bours: 9 to 12 A. M. 3 to 5 and after 6 P. M. CHICAG SOUTH SIDE TAILORING CO. Not Incorporated. George M. Oatts, Prop. SUITS made to Order $15.00 up. PANTS made to Order $4.00 up. Cleaning, Dyeing and Repairing. Strict Attention paid Ladies' work. Telephone Hyde Park 5927. 3444 COTTAGE GROVE AVENUE 5501 LAKE AVE. CHICAGO Special Announcement From on and after this date all announcements of entertainments, etc., for which an admission is charged, will be considered advertising, and will be charged for at the rate of 12 cents a line, seven words to a line. The money must accompany the matter and reach the editor no later than Thursday morning of the week intended for publication. This rule will also apply to all personal items and matter for which no charges will be made. In other words, all news matter must reach us either on Wednesday evening or early Thursday morning in order to find its way into the columns of this paper the same week it is written. Write plainly on one side of the paper only, and address all communications to The Broad Ax, 5040 Armour avenue. D. M. Stronach, a native of Forres, and until lately employed by G. S. Nicoll, Glasgow, has been entertained to dinner in the Grosvenor Hotel on leaving for Africa, a large number of his fellow-employees attending to do him honor. 393 NORTH CLARK STREET.....CHICAGO WHERE EVERY PATRON Saves ON EVERY PURCHASE Jacob Feinberg Telephone Yards 693 BRADLEY & FIELD REAL ESTATE, LOANS AND INSURANCE Alsted Street Dy W. Trice & 2918 State Street Deartment Don't you get in the habit of doing your trading in Early Tuesday and Friday special sales-day and two with each 10c purchase. By a swell line of Ladies' Shirtwaists, Underw endid assortment of Shoes Hosiery, Gloves, Belts ons, Gowns, Bracelets, Millinery and everything e a specialty of Men's Baibriggan Underwear, H Pants, Shoes, Fedora and Derby Hats. Ful line of soft Percale Neiligee Shirts and Susp line of Neckwear and Hardkerchiefs. Novelties in Jewelry, Watch-chains, Fobs, Cuff- Pins. BRADLEY & FIELDS REAL ESTATE, LOANS AND INSURANCE American Brick President and Treasurer, THOMAS CAREY. Vice-President, JOHN SHELHAMER Secretary, WILLIAM SULLI MANUFATURERS OF Common and Sewer Office and Yards: H and Robey Yards running winter and summer, equipped with the latest improved Wolf Dryer. Winter Yards.....1 Summer Yards.....3 Telephone Yards 12 INOIS BRICK President and Treasurer, THOMAS CAREY. Vice-President, JOHN SHELHAMER. Secretary, WILLIAM SULLIVAN. MANUFATURERS OF Yards running winter and summer, equipped with the latest improved Wolf Dryer. Telephone Yards 128. WILLIAM C. KUESTER. SUPERINTENDENT. N. Western Ave., Ch Telephone Lake View 270. Telephone Yards 718 nk's Brew M. JUNK, Proprietor JOS. P. JUNK. Manage J. M. Fields OS CHICAGO 1