The Broad Ax

THE BROAD AX Woodrow Wilson President-elect of the United States, Sounded the Keynote of His Forthcoming Administration IN A MOST REMARKABLE AND MATTER OF FACT SPEECH DELIVERED BEFORE THE COMMERCIAL CLUB IN THIS CITY. IN NO UNSTEADY VOICE HE WARNED THE GREAT CAPTAINS OF INDUSTRY; THE GREAT COMMERCIAL KINGS AND THE BANKERS THAT NO LONGER WILL THEY BE PERMITTED TO RUN THIS GOVERNMENT. FOR THEIR OWN PERSONAL BENEFIT; THAT THE MANAGERS OF THE GIGANTIC TRUSTS AND MONOPOLIES WILL NOT BE PERMITTED TO RUN THEIR AFFAIRS IN SUCH A HIGH HANDED MANNER SO AS TO OVERRIDE ALL OF THE RIGHTS OF THE COMMON PEOPLE. HE MADE AN EARNEST PLEA IN FAVOR OF FAIR TREATMENT FOR ALL AMERICAN CITIZENS AND THAT WHEN HE WILL ASSUME THE DUTIES OF THIS GOVERNMENT AS ITS PRESIDENT; HE WILL KNOW NO EAST, WEST, NORTH OR SOUTH, NOTHING BUT ONE UNITED COMMON COUNTRY. PRESIDENT ELECT WILSON CAN RIGHTFULLY BE HAILED AS THE SECOND THOMAS JEFFERSON OF AMERICA. Vol. XVIII. Woodrow W President- United St Sounded of His Admi IN A MOST REMARKABLE AND M BEFORE THE COMMER IN NO UNSTEADY VOICE HE W INDUSTRY; THE GREAT COMM THAT NO LONGER WILL THE GOVERNMENT. FOR THEIR OWN PERSONAL BENE GIGANTIC TRUSTS AND MON TO RUN THEIR AFFAIRS IN S AS TO OVERRIDE ALL OF THE HE MADE AN EARNEST PLEA IN ALL AMERICAN CITIZENS AND THE DUTIES OF THIS GOVERN KNOW NO EAST, WEST, NOB UNITED COMMON COUNTRY. PRESIDENT ELECT WILSON CAN SECOND THOMAS JE Last Saturday evening, President elect Woodrow Wilson, delivered a most remarkable and matter of fact speech, before the commercial club of this city; in which he very clearly and in no uncertain tones sounded the keynote of his forth coming administration. Every word uttered by him sank deep into the hearts of the best business men in this city who were seated around the banquet tables at the Blackstone Hotel. It was his first attempt to define his policies and the attitude he will assume in relation to dealing with the select few or with the great mass of his fellow countrymen since his election as president of the United States. Bight at the very outset he plainly let it be known that no man or no set of men it made not the slightest difference how much wealth they owned or controlled or how many hundred millions dollars worth of business they transacted each month or year; that they should not be invited by him to assist in helping to conduct or manage the affairs of his administration or any part of the affairs of this government unless they first cleaned up and put their own household in first class shape or words to the same effect; that they must first manifest a disposition to keep step with the progressive spirit of the age, before he can treat with them or invite them into his inner circle. In no unsteady voice he pointed a finger of warning at the great captains of industry; the great commercial kings and all the bankers of this country and with his hand enclosed in an iron glove in a very nice and soft manner he batted them between the eyes at the same time plainly inform- MONDAY, JANUARY 20TH, THE FORMAL OPENING OF THE SOUTH SIDE BRANCH OF THE AMERICAN BANKING ASSOCIATION. South East Corner of 31st and State Street Will Occur. Its Cashier, William D. Neighbors Will Be On Hand All Day To Receive and Heartily Greet His Many Friends And Patrons. The new American Banking Association, will throw the doors of its South Side branch, located at the Southeast corner of 31st and State street, open to the public, on Monday, January 20th and its cashier William D. Neighbors, will wear his long Jim Swingger Sunday go to meeting coat or suit. ing them that no longer will they be permitted to run this country for their own personal benefit; that the managers of the gigantic trusts and monopolies will not have the right to conduct their business affairs in such a high handed manner, thereby placing themselves in a position to override all of the rights of the common people, as well as the government itself, and force it to borrow money from them and the bankers whenever it needs some to tide it over, like it was compelled to do late in the fall of 1907, when the government officials including President Roosevelt stood with their hats off and implored J. P. Morgan and Co. and the other money sharks of Wall street, who regulate the price of money the same as they regulate the price of pig iron and the prices of all food products, to loan the government 30 to 40 million dollars at the very highest rate of interest, so that it would be in a position to promptly pay some of its pressing accounts, thus showing that at the present time that J. P. Morgan and his other associates in the dishonest banking business throughout the country are at all times far more powerful in every way than the government itself. President elect Wilson made an earnest plea in favor of fair treatment for all American citizens and declared that when he assumes the duties of this government as its president; he will know no east, west, north or south, nothing but one united common country which will be administered in the interest of all the people. Without the least side stepping he rightfully can be classed or hailed as the new or the second Thomas Jefferson of America. He will be on hand bright and early to cordially greet and extend the right hand of fellowship to his hosts of friends and patrons, while they being invited to inspect the new banking rooms. Mr. John W. Worthington, President of the American Banking Association 117 N. Dearborn street, will also be on hand and assist to receive the visitors and the public at large. The fixtures and furnishings are up to snuff in every way. Aside from a constructed, heavy steel lined vault, with the latest combination of time locks, which is strong enough and large enough, to hold a whole wagon load of money, there will be well on to three hundred safety deposit boxes and other facilities in equal proportion, to REV. DUNCAN C. MILNER, Eminent scholar, classical writer and the eloquent and manly pastor of the Ravenswood Presbyterian Church. It may be interesting at this time, to give a short sketch of the busy life of Rev. Duncan Chambers Milner, who is one of the strong and uncompromising champions of the civil and political rights of the Afro-Americans. He was born in Mt. Pleasant, Jefferson County, Ohio, March 10th, 1841. His parents, David and Mary Chambers Milner, were of the best stock in that section of the country and they always firmly believed in freedom and justice. At the breaking out of the Civil War, in 1861, he became a sergeant-major first and then adjutant of the 98th Ohio Infantry. He was severely and dangerously wounded at the memorable battle of Chickamauga, September 20, 1863. At the close of the war, or in 1866 he received his degree A. B. at the Washington and Jefferson Colleges and at the Union Theological Seminary, 1866 to 1868 degree of D.D., College of Emporia Kan.; In 1883 he became united in marriage, to Miss Lucie M. Beid, of Mt. Pleasant, Ohio. May 19, 1868, he was ordained minister of the Presbyterian Church; in 1868, became pastor at Osceola, Mo.; 1868 to 1871; pastor of the Third Presbyterian Church, Kansas City, Kan.; 1871 to 1875, pastor at Ottowa, Kan.; 1875 to 1882, pastor at Atkinson, Kan.; 1882 to 1887, pastor at Manhattan, Kan.; conduct or transact a large banking business. The American Banking Association, will make a special effort to force to the front, stocks and bonds, of first class Afro-American business enterprise. A real estate and an insurance department will be run in connection with the bank. The new phone number of the bank will be Douglas 31. CONSCIENCE VS. CONTAGION. CONSCIENCE VS. CONTAGION. Where there is a lack of community conscience there is certain to be a plentiful lot of community troubles. Especially is this true in the existence and spread of the contagious diseases so common to child life. One of the most important services which the Department of Health can render is that of controlling or preventing the spread of the dangerous contagious diseases. But to do this work effectively it must know where the contagion is, and this knowledge depends upon the department being able to get prompt notification of every case of a communicable disease at the earlest possible moment. A concealed case of contagion is a menace to the community. The Department of Health can only fight contagion where it has full knowledge of location of existing cases. It can only obtain this knowledge with the earnest and cordial co-operation of the citizens. In no other way can there be any such thing as community protection from contagion. In other words, if any one person feels that the re- from 1887 to 1892 pastor at Armour Mission, Chicago; from 1893 to 1898 pastor at Joliet, Ill.; from 1899 to 1905, pastor of the Logan Square Presbyterian Church, Chicago. At the present time, he is the eloquent pastor of the Ravenswood Presbyterian Church. He has served as a delegate to the U. S. Christian Commission. He was President of the Ottawa Chautauqua Assembly from 1882 to 1899. Was President of the Kansas State Temperance Union, from 1893 to 1894. Moderator of the Synod of Kansas in 1883 and editor of the Kansas Presbytery of that same year; was Chaplain of Illinois Commandery of the Loyal Legion from 1902 to 1903. Rev. Milner, is a frequent contributor, to many of the best magazines and newspapers. He resides with his family, at 4332 N. Hermitage avenue. Rev. Milner has the following enobling sentiments printed on a beautiful card which he gladly sends to his friends and to those who need something to cheer them on to perform noble and generous deeds: "I expect to pass through this world but once. Any good thing, therefore, that I can do, or any kindness I can show to any fellow human being, let me do it now. Let me not defer, nor neglect it, for I shall not pass this way again." quirements of the department as to reporting the existence of contagious disease, do not apply to him or his family he is not, giving to his neighbors and their children the protection he would demand that they give to him and his children. Isn't this true? Think it for over just a moment and it is easily seen that community protection and safety are dependent largely upon what may well be called community conscience. This means that each one of us must live up to his civic responsibilities and be willing always to do the things that make for community comfort and safety. Section 1194 of the municipal code makes it the duty of every person who has knowledge of any person sick with a contagious disease and which he has reason to think requires the attention of the Department of Health to report such facts to the Commissioner of Health. The law also provides a penalty of not less than ten dollars nor more than two hundred for failure to comply with the provisions stated. Robert E. Burke who has for many years been the head and the front of the Cook county Democracy and its famous silk-hatted marching club, has brought suit against the organization in the Circuit Court for $20,000 claiming that it is indebted to him for that sum of money which he has advanced for lo these many years in order to support or sustain it. Mr. Burke is entitled to every cent of the money honestly coming to him from the organization. Rev. Duncan Chambers Milner, Pastor of the Ravenswood Presbyterian Church ELOQUENTLY THUNDERS FORTH FROM HIS PULPIT IN BEHALF OF THE CIVIL AND POLITICAL RIGHTS OF THE AFRO-AMERICAN. HE RIGHTFULLY CONTENDS THAT THE WHITE RACE WILL NOT BE FREE ITS SELF UNTIL IT MAKES UP ITS MIND TO ACCORD BETTER TREATMENT TO THE NEGRO. BOOKER T. WASHINGTON THE GREAT AND ONLY INFALLIBLE LEADER OF THE COLORED RACE VERY RELUCTANTLY ADMITS THAT HE IS FORCED TO RIDE IN FILTHY JIM CROW CARS WHILE TRAVELING THROUGHOUT THE SOUTHERN STATES. Fifty years ago Abraham Lincoln issued the emancipation proclamation. We should not forget that many people in the North, even those who were in the Union Army, were opposed to it. I was a soldier in the Army, under General Buell, encamped in front of Louisville in the autumn of 1862, with General Braggs' army in front. When the announcement of the coming proclamation was made in September there was intense excitement among the soldiers. Many rejoiced, believing that emancipation was not only a military necessity, but was right. A good many were angry and declared they "did not enlist to fight for 'Niggers'" and threatened to throw down their arms and go home. the Whites. Poorer buildings, poorer teachers and shorter terms are given to the Colored children, and considering their limitations, their progress is amazing. The notorious "Jim Crow" car system in vogue on most of the Southern railroads, is a disgrace to a civilized nation. Booker T. Washington recently stated: "I pay the same money, but I cannot have a chair or a lavatory, and rarely a through car. I must crawl out at all times of night, in all kinds of weather, in order to catch another dirty 'Jim Crow' coach to make my connections. I don't ask to ride with White people. I do ask for equal accommodations for the same money." A good many desertions were charged to the emancipation idea. This discontent was encouraged by disloyal people in Ohio who told the men that they were released from their obligations because they had enlisted to fight to save the Union and not to free the slaves. A few months after Mr. Lincoln issued the proclamation a regiment of Negro soldiers fell into line of battle on the right of my regiment and were received with enthusiastic cheers. The men opposed to freeing the slaves agreed that "a Negro could stop a bullet as well as a White man." Better Schools Asked. I confess that it was with deep emotion I saw these black men just out of slavery, with their new uniforms of blue and their shining bayonets ready to fight for the government that had sanctioned their slavery. Mr. Lincoln's proclamation, the victories of the Union Army, the civil rights bill of Charles Sumner, the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Constitutional Amendments and the marvelous progress of the Negroes have not yet brought to the 10,000,000 Colored people of our country their rights as free citizens. The White race is not giving the Negro a fair chance or a square deal as to education in most of the Southern States. Many eminent Southerners recognize the facts and plead for better schools and admit that in many places the Negroes pay more than their share of school taxes and get less benefit than GROGAN'S 'PAL' FOUND GUILTY. Thomas Hawley, Found in West Side Politician's Barn, Gets Twenty-five Years. Thomas Hawley was found guilty of the murder of Joseph McNair by a jury in Judge George Kersten's court Tuesday. He was sentenced to twenty-five years' imprisonment. Hawley Grogan, west side politician, was accused of sheltering Hawley in his barn following the murder. Hawley was arrested there. Hawley shot McNair dead in the saloon of Enright and Thompson, 768 West Van Buren street, on July 21, 1912. Will Mayor Garter H. Harrison, who is a warm political friend of the Honorable Barney J. Grogan, please stand up and say Amen! Amen!-Editor. No.16 the Whites. Poorer buildings, poorer teachers and shorter terms are given to the Colored children, and considering their limitations, their progress is amazing. The notorious "Jim Crow" car system in vogue on most of the Southern railroads, is a disgrace to a civilized nation. Booker T. Washington recently stated: "I pay the same money, but I cannot have a chair or a lavatory, and rarely a through car. I must crawl out at all times of night, in all kinds of weather, in order to catch another dirty 'Jim Crow' coach to make my connections. I don't ask to ride with White people. I do ask for equal accommodations for the same money." Race Not Free. The Negro has no chance for justice in the courts and Negro convict labor is bought and sold by contractors and conditions are often shamful. Outside of the convicts in many places there is actual peonage that reproduces conditions like the worst forms of cruelty of old slavery days. The disfranchisement of Negroes in the South while those of voting age are counted to swell political power, has no sufficient justification. If ignorant Negroes and ignorant White men were put on the same platform and a standard of intelligence was demanded of all voters in the use of the ballet, no proper objection could be made. Mr. Lincoln said: "A house divided against itself cannot stand. This nation cannot endure half slave and half free." Can this nation continue as a Republic while a large proportion of its citizens are deprived of their rights? The dominant White race owes a still undischarged duty to this weaker race. A great deal of time and effort are spent to restrict, humiliate and to oppress the Negro. Part of the terrible lawlessness all over our land can be traced to the breaking down of the laws for the protection and uplift of the Colored people. The White race is not really free as long as it withholds freedom from the Black race. The disrespect for laws meant to protect the weak is a great peril and should seriously concern all good citizens. CHRYSANTHEMUM TEA AND GUESSING CONTEST. Yesterday afternoon from to 1 to 5 o'clock Ruth Division of Princess Hagar Chapter, No. 7, O. E. S. gave a chrysanthemum tea and guessing contest at the Appomattox Club, 3441 Wabash avenue. The guessing contest was held at 3 o'clock. Tea was served free to all who joined in the highly delightful affair, and an attractive program was rendered. Mrs. Martha B. Anderson very charmingly served as chairman, Alicia Lewis, secretary. The Phyllis Wheatly Woman's Club will give a charity dance at Masonic Hall, 3956 State street, on Monday evening, February 3rd, for the benefit of the Colored girls home which is conducted by the club. Admission 35 cents. Music by Garfield Wilson's orchestra. THE BROADAX PUBLISHED WEEKLY. Will promulgate and at all times uphold the true principles of Democracy, but Guides, Protestants, Priests, Indians can here say, so long as their language is proper and responsibility is fixed. The Broad Ax, is a newspaper whose energy for life, even claiming the editorial right to speak in own mind. Local communications will receive attention. Write only on one side of the paper. Subscriptions must be paid in advance. One Year. $2.60 Xix Months. 1.40 Advertising rates made known on application. Address all communications to PHONE DREKEL 6500. JULIAU F. TAYLOR, Editor and Publisher Entered as Second-Class Matter Aug. 19, 1908, at the Post Office at Chicago, Illinois, under Act of March 8, 1918. TUSKEGEE NEGRO CONFERENCE. Tuskegee, Ala., Jan. 12, 1913.—“Agricultural Credit” and “Finances of the Negro Public School” will be the two principal topics of discussion at the twenty-second annual Negro Farmers’ Conference, to be held at the Tuskegee Institute, Tuskegee, Alabama, on Wednesday and Thursday, January 22nd and 23rd. The first day's conference will be given over to the Negro farmers. As stated in the program, the subject for discussion is "How to Secure Cheaper Money for Running the Farm." This puts the problem of agricultural credit in terms that the Negro farmer understands and is interested in. Representative Negro farmers from Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana and Arkansas will describe the present condition of the Negro farmer in the states from which they come and the present methods of obtaining loans, rates of interest and so forth. Individual farmers will tell how they have succeeded in reducing the principal and rates of interest upon their yearly loans. R. L. Smith, of Waco, Texas, who is the head of a Negro Farmers' Co-Operative Association in that state which has established a bank, will discuss the subject of Co-operative Credit and the success of the Texas farmers in cutting down the item of interests in the farmers' annual budget. Charles Banks, cashier of the Bank of Mound Bayou, Mississippi, which supplies a large share of the funds necessary to conduct the agricultural operations of the farming community of which the little Negro town of Mound Bayou is the center, will discuss the question from the point of view of the man who makes the loans. One of the features of the days' proceedings will be the exhibits showing some of the results of the Demonstration Farming Work being done in the several counties adjoining Tuskegee Institute where the demonstration method of teaching farmers has been in operation. The reports of the demonstration agents will be followed by a distribution of prizes to the corn clubs organized and conducted in these counties. The second days' session of the Conference is the meeting of teachers, principals, school trustees and others actively interested in school work. The subject for discussion, as stated by the program committee, is "How to Secure More Money for the Public 'School.' Teachers and principals of schools in Mississippi, Tennessee, Alabama and Georgia will describe the present condition of the schools in their home communities and the various means employed by the county school teachers to secure the interest of White planters, county school superintendents and others in meeting the needs of the Negro schools. They will also report upon the extent to which the Negro farmers are taxing themselves in order to improve the school buildings and lengthen the school terms in different local communities. It is expected that representatives of the Anna T. Jeanes Fund, for the improvement of Negro rural schools, and also the new State Supervisor of Negro public schools in Alabama will speak at this conference session. NEGRO PROGRESS IN FIFTY. YEARS. During the past fifty years there has been a rapid increase in the wealth of the Negroes of the South. This increase has been especially marked in the past ten years, during which time the value of the domestic animals which they own increased from $85,216,327 to $177,273,785, or 107 per cent; poultry from $3,788,792 to $5,113,756, or 35 per cent; implements and machinery from $18,586,235 to $367,831,413, or 98 per cent; land and buildings from $69,636,490 to $273,501,665, or 293 per cent. From 1900 to 1910 the total value of farm property owned by the Colored farmers of the South increased from $177,404,688 to $492,898,218, or 177 per cent. In 1888 the total wealth of the Negroes of this country was about $20,000,000. Now the total wealth is over $700,000,000. No other unanticipated people have made so great a progress in so short a time. The Russian serfs were emancipated in 1861. Fifty years after it was found that 14,000,000 of them had accumulated about $500,000,000 worth of property or about $36 per capita, an average of $200 per family. Fifty years after their emancipation only about 30 per cent of the Russian peasants were able to read and write. After fifty years of freedom the ten million Negroes in the United States have accumulated over $700,000,000 worth of property, or about $70 per capita, which is an average of $350 per family. After fifty years of freedom 70 per cent of them have some education in books.—Southern Workman. LIVE STOCK BREEDERS' MEETING Annual Convention at Springfield, Ill. February 4th to 6th, 1913. Farmers and live stock breeders of Illinois are anticipating a happy and instructive time at the 18th annual meeting of the Illinois Live Stock Breeders' Association to be held in Springfield, February 4th, to 6th. Among the great attractions, will be the great stock judging contest, in which many farmers and farmers' sons will compete for certificates as expert judges and for the many prizes that will be given away. Prominent among the speakers who will address this convention is Dr. Walter Williams, Dean of the School of Journalism of the University of Missouri, whose subject will be "On the Sky-line of the State." Dr. Williams is recognized as America's foremost man in his line. He has been president of the Missouri Press Association, president of the National Editorial Association, president for North America at the International Press Congress held at Berne, Switzerland. He was organizer and secretary of the World's Press Parliament at St. Louis in 1904, and commissioner to the foreign press for the St. Louis Exposition in 1904, and travelled in Africa, Asia and Europe in the interest of the exposition. Dr. M. Dorset, of Washington, D.C., will address the session of the Hog Breeders' Association on February 5th on "Legislation with Reference to Hog Cholera." Dr. Dorset is chief of the Bio-chemic division of the Bureau of Animal Industry, and is the originator of the method of obtaining hog cholera serum now employed so extensively. The first session of the convention will meet at nine o'clock a. m., February 4th and will be in charge of the Illinois Cattle Breeders' Association; the afternoon program of the same day will be in charge of the Illinois Horse Breeders' Association, and in the evening, Dr. Williams will speak. On Wednesday morning, February 5th, the Illinois Sheep Breeders' Association and the Illinois Cattle Breeders' Association will give the program, and on the afternoon of that day, the Illinois Swine Breeders' Association will be in charge of the session. On Wednesday evening, February 5th will be held the annual banquet, which is the great social feature and good fellowship meeting of the convention. Thursday, February 6th, is set aside for the annual stock judging contest for expert judges' certificates. Hundreds of dollars' worth of valuable prizes will be given away to Illinois farmers and stockmen who show proficiency in judging one kind of live stock, viz: horses, sheep, beef cattle, dairy cattle, or swine. Copies of the proceedings of the last annual meeting may be had upon application to Sidney B. Smith, Secretary, Springfield, Ill. DR. THEO. B. MOZEE MOVES INTO HIS NEW UP-TO-DATE AND MODERN DENTAL PARLOWS. Dr. Theo. R. Mozee, who has for some years conducted very modest dental rooms at 4715 State street; all the time saving his money in addition to getting married to Miss Cecelia Johnson, last summer and setting up housekeeping in the fifty-second block on Wabash avenue; has succeeded in being able in a financial way, to recently move into his new dental parlors at 4709 State street, which will compare more than favorably with the best appointed dental parlors in any section of Chicago. His quarters being entirely new, up-to-date and modern and absolutely sanitary in every particular. His furnishings are all new and are the very latest designs used in dental parlors, including his tools and other instruments, which are all highly sterilized, and funnicated night and day. In extracting teeth, oxygen is administered, which is a new feature for all dental operations, which are absolutely painless. Dr. Mozee makes a specialty of first class crown and bridge work; the cast gold inlay and porcelain inlay and it should be a source of much pleasure for any one to visit his richly and elegantly appointed dental parlors. Major F. A. Denison is in Washington, D. C. on official business. He will return home Monday morning. Logical and Eloquent Address Delivered by Attorney Walter M Farmer BEFORE THE LITERARY SOCIETY OF BETHEL CHURCH. IT IS FULL OF THOUGHTFUL IDEAS AND SUGGESTIONS AND IT SHOULD BE CAREFULLY PURSUED BY ALL WHO ARE INTERESTED IN THE CIVIL AND POLITICAL PROGRESS OF THE AFRO-AMERICAN RACE. THE WORLD'S FIRST BLACK MAN ATTORNEY WALTER M. FARMER. Able lawyer, writer of considerable note and an upright citizen, who made a fine impression in delivering his address on the "Liberty and progress of the Afro-Americana," before the Bethel Literary Society, last Sunday afternoon. Able lawyer, writer of considerable note and an upright citizen, who made a fine impression in delivering his address on the "Liberty and progress of the Afro-Americans," before the Bethel Literary Society, last Sunday afternoon. The following address was delivered by Attorney Walter M. Farmer last Sunday afternoon before the Literary Society at Bethel Church: We have reached the age of stern realities of stubborn facts. Men have ceased to spin beautiful theories through which and by which to shape ultimate action. Their actions today are directed by altogether different influences. Man's inordinate commercial greed and race prejudice have changed the perspective through which he views his relation to his fellows. There was a time when the American people subscribed to the doctrine that governments are instituted among men deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed. But today they believe that Governments are instituted among men deriving their powers from the will of the powerful. There was a time when they believed that all men are created equal, but that was when his views of his relation to his fellows was decidedly simple and just and the Negro had not entered into the equation. The Negro had not at that time become a freeman, aspired to manhood's estate nor had he demonstrated his ability to assimilate Caucasian civilization and to keep abreast with American progress. Strange as it may seem this remarkable feat alone was sufficient to arouse the bitter antagonism of the leading statesmen of America, such as Tillman Vardaman, et al. I owe no apology for calling these men the leading statesmen of the country. For no one will deny that these men have more influence in forcing their views of the Negro on the American people and on the world for that matter, than all the other statesmen North, West and East combined. The pendulum seems to have swung back, and it looks as if liberty was about to suffer defeat. But liberty knows no defeat. Victory is the only motto inscribed on her banners. The defeat of the British at the battle of Beuvines in 1214 gave to the English people the great charter. Though the Continental forces suffered defeat at Bunker Hill still American independence dates from that battle. ATTORNEY WALTH Able lawyer, writer of considerable note, fine impression in delivering his add- the Afro-Americana," before the B afternoon. The Union forces were ignominiously defeated at Bull's Run and retreated in disgrace and dishonor, universal liberty for the American continent dates from the battle of Bull's Run. It is the incarcerable law of fate that man shall not attain and enjoy any great and lasting blessing without encountering many hardships and suffering many difficulties. Virgil was struck with awe when he beheld in retrospect the trying ordeals and severe tests through which Aeneas was forced to pass before he reached Italy and im- plores, "Declare to me O'Muse the cause by which the Diety being offended, by what the Queen of Heaven being provoked, to drive a man of distinguished piety to struggle with so many calamities, to encounter so many hardships?" And yet Aeneas reached Italy and founded Rome that sat on her seven hills and from her throne of beauty ruled the world. Aye, the redemption of man from sin the salvation of the world was dearly purchased. The ascent of Calvary's brow is stained with blood and tears. The course of civilization and progress is not strewn with flowers and scented with the fragrance of the violet and the rose. No it is marked with fallen Empires, broken oats, prostrate forms and seas of blood. Such is the record of man's struggle upward from the Garden of Eden. There is no royal road to success. Any race or people that expects to attain any enduring and permanent success without encountering these tests, expects what never was and never will be. I strongly suspect that my race has indulged the delusion that some how we are going to be able to contribute our part to the world's achievements without encountering the same or similar difficulties and besetments that have confronted other races in their march of progress. That if we became the victims of some dire calamities, all we had to do was to call on the Lord or the other fellow and we would be delivered out of our troubles. We should be convinced by this time that we have been merely indulging the "illusions of hope." For we have called on the Lord and have been answered out of the whirlwind, "Stand on thy feet and girt up thy loins like a man." We have called on the other fellow and he has answered us by binding the fetters more tightly about our limbs. Be not deceived any longer my friends. Let us find some wholesome suggestion, some guiding influence in these thoughtful words of Casius to Brutus: "Men at some times are masters of their fates. The fault, dear Brutus is not in our stars but in ourselves, that we are undlugs." Liberty and progress are insepera TERE M. FARMER, state and an upright citizen, who made a address on the "Liberty and progress of Bethel Literary Society, last Sunday seat of reason and man becomes a miserable slave. It was for liberty that Arnold Winkleried clasped to his breast a hundred Austrian spears. It ble. It is impossible for man to make progress without the blessings of liberty. As liberty is the natural right of every man, so progress is the natural concomitant of man's struggles. It is no wonder then that man in every age and in every elime has been willing to sacrifice so much for liberty, for without liberty, ambition is dead, aspiration is limited, remorse takes the was for Switzerland's liberty. It was the same spirit that moved Patrick Henry as he stood up in the Virginia convention and exclaimed: "Give me liberty or give me death." It was for liberty that the Continental forces suffi- liberty at Valley Forge and triumphed at Yorktown. It was for liberty that Toussaint L'Ouverture armed the blacks of Santo Domingo, and by intrepid daring sent the British, the French and the Spanish from the Queen of the Antilles in defeat and disgrace. But these blacks of Santo Domingo knew as well as any one should know that "Eternal vigilance is the price of liberty." They knew as well as any one should know that if they sat down and folded their arms in supine indifference, the liberty they had purchased so dearly would be taken away from them, and so that France might be warned against the danger of any further attempt to enslave them, they issued a proclamation and among other things said: "Should we be obliged to shed rivers of blood, should we, to preserve our freedom, be compelled to set fire to seven-eighths of the globe, we shall be pronounced innocent before the tribunal of Providence, who has not created men to see them groan under a yoke so oppressive and so ignominious." This was in 1803. Haiti has never worn the yoke of any nation nor has the liberty of her people been assailed. Fifty years ago 4,000,000 slaves were declared free by proclamation issued by Abraham Lincoln. This is one of the world's greatest documents. At the time of its issuance it was considered so by Illinois, so did New England. On the day that the proclamation was to be signed a great meeting was held at Tremont Temple in Boston, Mass. Wendel Phillips was there, Theodore Parker was there. Frederick Douglass was there, the Rev. Grimes was there, and with them thousands of men and women eager and anxious to welcome the dawn of universal liberty. All day long the crowd waited patiently for news from Washington. At last toward the close of day word was flashed from Washington that the immortal Abraham Lincoln had signed the Proclamation. Strong men and gentle women wept. A shout of joy went up from the assembled throng and suddenly Rev. Grimes' voice could be heard above the tumult singing in clear reverberating tones: "Sound the loud timbril o'er Egypts dark sea, Jehovah has triumphed, his people are free." The country was blessed at that time with so many great men and noble women. Men and women who loved the right and were willing to do justice. Nor were they afraid to let the world know where they stood on the question of human liberty. How different the situation today? The Christian Church today is silent as to lynching and burning and human injustice. What Wendel Phillips said years ago about American Christianity is strikingly applicable today. He said, "If you put a hound in the presence of a deer it will spring at its throat, if it is a true blood hound. Put a Christian in the presence of sin and he will spring at its throat, if he is a true Christian. And so into an acid we throw white matter, if it is not chalk, it will not produce agitation. So if in a world of sinners you were to put American Christianity it would be as calm as oil." The proclamation conferred on the emancipated people their natural liberty. The right to their time and to go whither they wished. It can easily be seen that a dog may exercise natural liberty and yet every cur may be at liberty to bite him and any vicious man may kick him. And so civil liberty is absolutely indespensible to a full and complete enjoyment of our natural liberty. To this end the Fourteenth amendment to the Federal Constitution was passed and adopted. Thus the Negro became a citizen and was guaranteed protection in the exercise of his natural liberty. But it was soon discovered that under a representative Democracy such as we have that a citizen was but poorly secured in the enjoyment of his civil liberty without the added guaranty of political liberty, and so the Fifteenth amendment to the Federal Constitution was adopted. Thus the newly made citizen was given the right to vote and in this way protect himself in the exercise of his civil rights. It was at this early day when the Negro had neither wealth nor education considered absolutely necessary that he be given the right to vote. Oliver P. Morton of Indians, speaking before the United States Senate, on this subject in 1868, said: "The nation waited long, experience had to come to the rescue of reason before the thing was done; in the last resort and as the last thing to be done, Congress determined to dig through all the rubbish, dig through the soil and shifting sands and go down to the eternal rock, and there upon the basis of the everlasting principle of equal and exact justice to all men, we planted the column of reconstruction." Congress at first experimented by withholding political liberty from the newly made citizen and left him to the tender mercies of his former masters. But when protests and complaints came in to Congress thick and fast, it was determined to send General Carl Schurtz South to investigate and report to Congress on conditions there. General Schurtz reported that slavery practically existed and that the only solution of the difficulty was enfranchisement for the Negro. It was not until yielding to the demands of justice and necessity that the former slave was given the right to vote. Starting out about 45 years ago with full citizenship rights and none of the results of progressive enterprise, the Negro has surpassed in achievement and development the most savaginary expectations of his most ardent admirers. The marvelous achievement of the Negro in material wealth and the facility with which he has adapted himself to the requirements of Anglo-Saxon civilization is enough to entitle him to justice and fair treatment and the favorable consideration of the American people. As a citizen he has been frugal, industrious and patriotic. As a voter he has exercised his franchise in the way he thought best subserved the interest of his people and in harmony with the majority of the voters of the country. As a soldier he has exhibited a courage and fortitude never surpassed and has never hesitated to offer up his life on the altar of his country's honor. In the face of a record unparalleled in the history of race progress, in spite of the cheerful heart and spirit of good will, the Negro has maintained through all his struggles against hostile conditions and unfair exactions. There has been and is today a persistent, vicious and insidious attempt on the part of the Southern White man to humiliate him and deprive him of his civil and political rights. This attack starting in the Southland had steadily spread until every section is affected by the horrible propaganda of race prejudice. This unholy work of arousing race antipathy has been prosecuted with such wanton affrontery that today there is more bitter feeling directed toward the race than ever before since our emancipation. There is not the least valid excuse for their action. The same motive actuates the leaders in this movement today that influenced them in 1865 and 1868. Arouse wide spread prejudice against a race, deprive them of their civil and political rights and you not only expose them to the lawless element of every community, but you take from them all stimulous for racial or individuated advancement. This without doubt is the end at which our enemies aim. And yet the great mass of our race sit silently by and do not even protest against such brazen injustice. There was a time when the Negro was loud in his protest against lynching and every attempt to take from him his vested rights was persistently resisted. It is barely possible that he has listened to the song of “patience and submission” until it has lulled him to sleep. When the children of Isreal were treated the most cruel by those who would enslave them, the Lord commanded Moses to agitate, then he agitated, and the Lord came to their rescue. It is I fear that our religious training has tended to make us too humble and submissive. In these days of oppression and injustice we need militant religion. I admire the fighting courage of Christian in "Pilgrim's Progress." He actually dared to fight old Appolyon himself, and when Appolyon knocked him down and was dancing with glee, Christian cried out: "Rejoice not over me, O, my enemies, for if I fall I shall rise again." Our churches seem to have stopped singing that battle hymn. "Must I be carried to the skies on flowery beds of ease, which others fought to win the prize and sail through bloody seas! Sure I must fight if I would reign, increase my courage Lord." It is not nearly so easy to rob a fellow while he is awake and alert and ready to fight and make a noise, as it is to rob the fellow who is asleep or is afraid to give alarm. Wealth alone will not check the assaults on our rights or restore the liberty we have permitted to be taken away. For what advantage is wealth without civil and political liberty? He is a stupid man indeed who does not realize with Shylock as he stands before the bar of Christian justice and craves the law, when they deny him his rights he says: "Nay take my life and all you do take my house when you do take the prop that doth sustain my house." We must do something to arouse the slumbering millions of our race to the necessity of vigilance and action. Ten million people united for common defense and affirmative action could be almost invincible. A little band of 700 Spartons held at bay Xerres army of a million souls at Thermovile Pass. The greatest benefactors of the race will be the person or persons who can mould these diversed inharmonious millions into a homogeneous courageous and active people. The times and conditions call for vigilance and action. Let us awake, from our lethargy and throw off the incubus of "silence and submission." Let us be not afraid S. RICHARDSON Real Estate and Renting 160 NORTH FIFTH AVENUE N. W. Corner Fifth Avenue and Randolph Street., Opposite Brigge House—Suits' 506 Telephone Automatic SS:201 Main 2101 CHICAGO DESIRABLE FLATS TO RENT 2720 Dearborn Street, 2nd flat, 6 rooms—$19 3741 La Salle Street, 2nd flat, center, 4 rooms & bath—$15 2426 Seminary Age., 1st flat, 4 rooms—$14 5521 Shields Ave., 1st flat, 5 rooms and bath—$18 7230 Wentworth Ave., 2nd flat, 7 rooms and bath—$22 5754 Wentworth Ave., 2nd flat front, 5 rooms and bath—$18 to adopt a new policy. For I am one who believe that here in the midst of an alien civilization, here in this country, whose soil is enriched by our toil, and hallowed by the blood and tears of our ancestors, the American Negro will yet be able to reach the full stature of manhood and citizenship, and under God and eternal vigilance on our part, maintain it in peace and with honor. THE LADIES MINSTREL SHOW AND DANCE WAS A STUNNING SUCCESS. Wednesday evening the much talked of Ladies Minstrel show and dance was on the billboards at Oakland Music Hall and in every way it was a stunning success, the cast of characters were as follows: INTERLOCUTOR—Mrs. G. W. Lacey. Miss Bones, Mrs. Percy Ash; Miss Spare Bones, Mrs. Wm. Emanuel; Miss Dimples, Mrs. Hattie Claybrooks; Miss Marble Head, Mrs. Georgia Cabell; Miss Chumpy, Mrs. Lillian Brown; Miss Daffydill, Mrs. Mattie Thornton. MINSTRELS Mrs. Eudora Lockett, Mrs. Lillian Brown, Mrs. A. Jackson, Miss Anna R. Barnes, Miss Irma Jackson, Mrs. Jessie Smith, Mrs. Mary Lou Ash, Mrs. Gertrude Johnson, Mrs. G. W. Lacey, Mrs. Mattie Thornton, Mrs. Gertrude Martin, Mrs. Hattie Claybrooks, Mrs. Mary Richardson, Mrs. Wm. Emanuel, Opening Chorus, "Way Down South" "They Always Pick on Me" Mrs. Mattie Thornton; "Good Bye Rose" Mrs. Percy Ash; "You're My Baby" Mrs. Wm. Emanuel; "Till the Sands of the Desert Grow Cold" Mrs. Georgia Gabell; "Teach Me That Beautiful Love" Miss Irma Jackson; "Porto Rico" Mrs. Hattie Claybrooks; "Georgia Rose" Mrs. Lillian Brown; "Garden of Love" Mrs. G. W. Lacey; "Rag Time Ball" By Club. PROGRAM Part II. Mrs. Armstrong's Reception "Golly, Ain't I Wicked!" By Rosebud and Kids; "For This" composed by Reginald DeKoven, Mrs. Jessie Smith. THREE LITTLE MAIDS Mrs. Georgia Cabell, Miss Irma Jackson, Mrs. Mary Lou Ash, "The Lonesomest Girl" Mrs. Mattie Thornton. "BIG CHIEF" Mrs. Hattie Claybrooks, Mrs. Hattie Barnes, Mrs. Lilian Brown. Male Impersonator, Mrs. Gertrude Johnson; Soprano Solo, "Senora" Mrs. Marie Burton-Hyram; "Good Night Beloved" By Club. Mme. Minnie Adams, Musical Director. Mr. Taylor Accompanist Farrell Willis, Orchard The affair was given for the benefit of the Settlement Club and Mrs. William Emanuel and the other Ladies taking part in it displayed some fine hosiery and much ability along minstrel lines. Delightful dancing followed the minstrel show. THE AMANDA SMITH HOME. The Interracial Circle of the Amanda Smith Home was organized by Mr. C. E. Winston, superintendent, the last week in November, 1912, with women of both races as members. This circle, which is permanently organized, will care for the dependent children in the Smith home. At Christmas time the largest party in the history of the work was given by these good women who are working with the same zeal now to carry on the providing of comforts for the needy. Great progress has been made during the past few months and as every department, including the treasurer's books, is open to all visitors a cordial invitation is extended to any who may be interested in seeing the institution. The officers for the coming year will serve. President, Mrs. Ophie Wells; vice-president, Mrs. M. A. Stoker; treasurer, Mrs. Halliday; recording secretary, Miss Lillian Chapman; corresponding secretary Mrs. Cranshaw; chairman of social committee, Mrs. Eva Raymore; leader of financial campaign, Mrs. A. M. Millard. It is hoped many will avail themselves of the opportunity of co-opera- tion with this circle in providing for the home. Each Wednesday morning at Douglass Center at 11 a. m. is the hour for work. CHIPS Harrison Emanuel will give a violin recital at Kimball Hall immediately following Lent. Mrs. B. Davis 3532 State street has been seriously ill for the past two weeks. She is on the mend at the present time. J. T. Thompson, U. S. Light-house tender, San Juan, Porto Rico, has become a regular subscriber to The Broad Ax. Cary B. Lewis will address the literary society of Bethel Church Sunday afternoon at 4:30 on the "Literary Lights of the Afro-American Race." Mr. and Mrs. Elijah H. Johnson, 3026 Vernon avenue, will leave February 5th for Hot Springs, Ark., where they will spend the remainder of the winter. Dr. Wm. A. Foulkes will address The Negro Fellowship League, Sunday, January 19th, 4 p. m., on the "Panama Canal." J. H. ROBERTS, Secy. Harry J. Kelly, proprieter and manager of the La Verdo Buffet, 3100 State street, runs an up-to-date establishment in every respect and at all times, he is a hale fellow well met. The News, of Louisville, Ky., in its last issue reproduced our entire article on Mr. and Mrs. Jack Johnson and the Eighth Regiment ball, and it made mighty good reading for the people residing in that section of the country. Madam Phil Green, 243 W. 47th street, is negotiating for a store in the loop district on Wabash avenue, to establish a larger place as a first class beauty parlor. She has been in the Stewart building, Washington and State streets for the past year. Mrs. James H. Johnson, 3650 Prairie avenue, is an active worker of the Settlement Club and the Phyllis Wheatley, Woman's Club and in her quiet way and unassuming manner, Mrs. Johnson, is accomplishing much good along practical lines among those who need moral support and other assistance. George P. Latchford, the successful tea and coffee merchant, at the corner of 47th street and Emerald avenue, has been indorsed at a mass meeting, held at Fitzgerald Hall, 4725 South Halsted street, by a large number of Democrats, to make the race for Alderman of the 30th Ward, at the coming primaries. Mrs. Martha B. Anderson, Chicago, Ill., Mrs. Daisy Merchant, Cincinnati, Ohio, and Miss Mayne Hutt, of St. Louis, Mo., were entertained in grand style last Saturday afternoon and evening at a Matinee Dance given by Miss Georgia Lattimore, Mrs. Stephen Bell, Mrs. Georgia Emerson, and Dr. J. A. C. Lattimore at the Odd Fellow's Hall. A large number of friends were present.—The News, Louisville, Ky., Jan. 11-13. The W. W. Club met at the home of Mrs. Pearl Randolph, 5025 Armour avenue., Thursday Eye., the following members were installed for this year by Miss A. Nelson, Sect. of the past ten years. Mr. D. C. Childress, Pres.; Mrs. K. Johnson, Vice Pres.; Mrs. P. Morgan, Sect.; Mrs. D. Smith, Treas.; Mrs. O. Williams, Matron and Mrs. Birdie Holloway, Asst. Sect., may our new Pres. and co-workers make this a record year. ARDSON and Renting FIFTH AVENUE Street., Opposite Brigge House—Suite'506 CHICAGO ATS TO RENT sat, 6 rooms—$19 Benjamin Hunter, one of the rising and enterprising young' Afro-Americans of Cincinnati, Ohio, who has for a long time been a firm supporter of The Broad Ax, has adopted song writing for a livelihood, and two of his latest songs, "The Bird of Freedom" and "The Last Supper" have been accepted and are being published by the National Publishing Company, 1547 Broadway, New York City. In a short time his songs will be on sale at the Frank L. Gale Piano Company, 3159 State street. Alonzo Malone, who is one of the charter members of the Appomattox Club, has for more than sixteen years, favorably and faithfully served as chef for W. J. Jackson, the able and farseeing first vice-president and general manager of the Chicago and Eastern Illinois railroad, and Mr. Malone who has for the past three years, without cost, superintended the cooking of the fine eatables and other fixings which have been dished up to the queen's taste at the banquets given by the Appomattox Club, is loud in declaring that Mr. Jackson, who has always been friendly towards worthy Afro-Americans and greatly interested in the advancement of the Colored race, has the reputation of being one of the very best all around railroad men in this country. CHRISTMAS CONCERT. Hampton (Va.) Institute Students Render Charming Musical Festival, Hampton, Va.-The annual Christmas mas carol concert, given by the great chorus of Hampton institute students, included the following numbers: "Adeste Fideles" (J. Reading, 1692); "Holy Night" (Franz Gruber, 1818); Victor Vicrola duet. "Song of the Ages" (I. H. Meredith); violin obligato, Mr. W. M. O. Tessmann, bandmaster Hampton institute; "Night of Nights" (Vandewater), baritone solo, Mr. Tressler Scott, singing teacher Hampton institute. "Te Shepherds Awake" (German folk melody); "Hail to Messiah" (Charles Bochau); "Hallelujah Chorus" (Handel's "Messiah"); "Christmas Hymn" (old carol melody); "O Holy Night" (soprano solo), Miss Adelaide L. Hutchins, singing teacher, Hampton institute. "The Babe of Bethlehem" (traditional); "Venite Adorems Dominum" (G. W. Warren); "Glory to God in the Highest" (C. Simper); "He Is King of Kings" (plantation melody). The pianists were Miss Frances H. Rogers and Mr. Allen H. Gates of Hampton institute. Franklin on Lack of Business System The need of good business management in the conduct of household affairs of churches and lodges and of the business enterprises of the race is not given the recognition it should have, says Editor C. A. Franklin in the Denver Statesman. The earning power of the ee is too little to admit of leakage, yet poor managers go along blithely trusting to luck and guessing on their business instead of knowing the facts from carefully kept books. Foreign Mission Board's Great Work. The foreign mission board of the national Baptist convention, which has been recently located in Philadelphia, covers mission stations in five foreign countries. These mission headquarters are looked after by 135 missionaries and native workers and have a membership of more than 40,000. The Rev. L. G. Jordan is the corresponding secretary of the board in Philadelphia, which was formally located in Louisville, Ky. Ambition of the Rev. Dr. J. W. Rankin. If the plans mapped out by the Rev. Dr. J. W. Rankin, missionary secretary of the A. M. E. church, with headquarters in New York, do not miscarry he will raise $5,0,00 during 1913 for missions as a special fund in commemoration of the fiftieth anniversary of the freedom of the race in the United States. Dr. Rankin has recently removed his family from Texas to Brooklyn, where he has established his residence. Let us, then, be up and doing— Doing every one we meet— So that through the years ensuing We may have enough to eat -Judge Mrs. Newedd—Jack, dear, I want you to get your life insured. Newedd— Why? Are you going to do your own cooking?—Boston Transcript. POURE FLAT BRICK BUILDING FOR SALE AT A BARGAIN. For sale, four flat brick building, at a bargain, located on Armour avenue, near 36th Street. Rent $60 per month. Price: $4,650. FOR RENT. For Rent, 4451-33 South State Street, four (4) room apartments. 4519-23 Evans Avenue, six room apartments.. 3808' Rhodes Avenue, House eight rooms in perfect condition. Inquire, Chicago Real Estate Loan and Trust Company, 117 North Dearborn Street Room 604, Phone Randolph 5771 Cork's Water Club. Cork can boast of the honor of having established the Water Club of the Harbor of Cork, the first yacht club in the United Kingdom, Lord Inchiquin, the Hon. James O'Brien, Charles O'Nell, Henry Mitchell and John Rogers being its first members. The flag was "the royal Irish harp and crown on a green field in the center." It came into existence some time before 1748. Spanish Bullfights The average number of horses killed in Spanish bullfights every year exceeds 5,000, while from 1,000 to 1,200 bulls are sacrificed. Wood Paving The Russians invented wood paving for streets. Big Money For Songs Many musicians besides merely com- song writers have gained golden rewards by their works. Suillivan received $50,000 in royalties from "The Lost Chord." "In Old Madrid" brought its composer--until then unknown to fame--$75,000. Opala Opals, expanding with heat, often burst their settings and when contracted through restoration to normal temperature drop out. Monument of Tears Marking the dividing line between Europe and Asia and of Russia and Siberia at the summit of the Ural mountains, is the "monument of tears," a white, triangular pyramid, so significant to the unfortunate exile, whose eyes here catch a final glimpse of the land which contains all that is dear to him. Tight Boots. Wearing tight boots affects the whole system. Appetite, complexion and eyesight all suffer. Some physicians assert that baldness is partly to be ascribed to this practice. Asia. Asia has 17,057,606 square miles and 850,000,000 inhabitants. The Vlacha. The towns and villages of the Vlachs are more solidly built than those of any other Balkan race. Notwithstanding their love of attractive stone houses, the Vlachs are great wanderers, and during the summer the greater part of the male population of the towns travel far about the country dealing in horses. They are shrewd business men. Falkland Islanders There are five men to every two women in the Falkland islands, off Cape Horn. The total population is 8,275, of whom 2,370 are males and 905 females. The Matchmakers It takes the constant labor of 60,000 people to make matches for the world. Glass. Sand is the main constituent of glass, constituting from 52 to 65 per cent of the mass of the original mixture or from 60 to 75 per cent of the finished product after melting has driven off carbon dioxide and other volatile materials. On the quality of the sand depend the transparency, brilliancy and hardness of the glass. Broken Glass. There is a market for broken glass. Some of it is ground in fine powderlike particles and used for various purposes. At other times it is remelted and made into new glass objects. All of the Same Name "In a certain Swiss valley," writes a traveler, "family after family there bears the same name—Tresch—all relationship being lost in antiquity. So to distinguish the guides they must be known—you may see it in Baedeker—as Joseph Tresch the Red and Joseph Tresch the Black." Thunder Clouds Lightning clouds are seldom more than 700 yards from the earth. Net Making In Holland The manufacture of fishing nets has for centuries been a very important industry in Holland, which in the seventeenth century had a fleet of over 2,000 snags engaged in the herring fishery. The business is still a flourishing one. Sublime Porte. "Sublime porte" is one of those European expressions for Turkish institutions which are never used by the Turks themselves. The Ottoman government's official title for itself is hukumet-i-enlye—"the glorious government." Turks do not speak of "the sultan," but of "the padishah," a Persian term meaning the "father of monarchs." Siberia. Siberia alone takes up one-ninth of all the land on the globe. Australia. Australia is twenty-six times as large as the United Kingdom, fifteen times as large as France and almost equal in size to the United States. $15 Victor-Victrola IV You never thought of getting a genuine Victor-Victrola for $15—yet here it is. And it is of the same high quality and perfection which characterizes all the products of the Victor Company. Come in and hear it—any time. Other styles $25 to $200.* Victors $10 to $100. Telephone Douglas 4558 Telephone Automatic 71-703 FRANK L. GALE PIANO CO. 3159 S. State Street : Chicago Suite 108-328 Roper Black Court and Washington Streets CHICAGO Phones, Central 1349; Auto. 41-913 Phenom Office, Main 4153 Ran. Drumel, 7990 Auto. 83-736 WALTER M. FARMER Suite 700, 184 Washington St. Notary Public CHICAGO, ILL. Office Phone: Central 6624. Rn. Phona, Dupn. 4397. No. 508 East 36th Street J. GRAY LUCAS Attorney at Law Suite 405, 145 Clark St. Cor. Randolph St. Tol. Central 3142 Franklin A. Denison Attorney at Law 36 W. RANDOLPM STREET Suite 700 Delaware Building CHICAGO A. D. GASH ATTORNEY AT LAW 118 North La Salle St. Chicago Suite 615 to 616 Telephone. Main 3077 Notary Public Office Phone Automatic 44-185 Res. Phone Automatic 79-137 W. G. ANDERSON ATTORNEY-AT-LAW Suite 5, Methodist Church Block S. E. Cor. Clark & Washington St., CHICAGO Residence: 3642 Prairie Ave. Fresh Dunn and J. P. McGahan, Trustees Tel Oakland 1550-1554-353 Established 1637 John J. Dunn Coal Wholesale Retail FIFTY-JIRST STREET and ARMOUR AVE. Railbord St. St. and L. & M. & M. St. St. and Armour Ave. CHICAGO Tel. Aldine 1830 In Office of Right C. H. KNIGHT, M. D., C.M. (Canada) PHYSICIAN AND SURGEON Office Hours 9 to 11 A.M. 2 to 5 P.M. 3158 State Street, Chicago OFFICE HOURS Phone Oakland 4662 From 9 a.m. to 5 p.m. Automatic 73-058 From 7 p.m. to 9 p.m. Sunday by Appointment ! DR. THEO. R. MOZEE DENTIST 4709 S. State St. CHICAGO THE BROAD AX CAN BE FOUND ON SALE AT THE FOLLOWING NEWS STANDS: From on and after this date The Broad Ax, can be found on sale at the following news stands: A. P. Tervalen, cigar store and news stand, 5004 Sate street. George L. Martin, maker of fine cigars and news stand, 18 W. 31st St., near State. B. M. Harvey's barber shop and news stand, 3924 State street. Mrs. Nellie Phelps, cigars, notions and news stand, 15 W. 36th St., near Dearborn. W. S. Cole, cigars, tobacco and news stand, 34 W. 31st St., near Dearborn. T. B. Hall, laundry office and news stand, 11 W. 29th St., near Stata. B. Davis, cigars, tobacco and news stand, 3532 State St. W. M. Maxwell, notions, cigars, tobacco, confections and news stand, 5244 State St. Edward Felix, notions, cigars and news stand, 52 W. 30th St. F. Bishop, cigars, tobacco and news stand, 8 W. 27th St., near State. Sylvester McGloffin, news stand and laundry office, 4123 State St. William Gaughan, laundry office, cigars, tobacco and news stand, 2636 State St. Mrs. L. B. Taylor, notions, cigars and news stand, 15 W. 36th Street, near Stata. J. Hamilton, news stand, out of town papers, and shoe shining parlor, 3220 South State street. J. H. Roberts, barber shop and news stand, 3308½ State street. THE AMERICAN LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY OF ILLINOIS. Old Line Legal Reserve Co. (Under State Government Supervision). $100,000 deposited with the State. Politics of all kinds, insurance from five cents to ten thousand dollars. Our industrial Contracts give to the colored policy holder more than any other, company for the same weekly premium. Colored Agents to Write and Collect Your Business Courtesy of rates and values at your home will be furnished free, upon giving your age, name and address to The American Life Insurance Co. of Illinois, Tel. Randolph S. 72 West Adame Street Telephones, CALUMET 4401--4428 AUTOMATIC 75-655 Artesian Pharmacy 2701 [Dearborn] St. CHICAGO Use Dorsey's fine Pomade for the hair. It will make it soft and glossy. Prescriptions carefully compounded. Phone your ORDERS Phone Douglas 5629 Room by Day or Week Room 28-05-69a Douglas Hotel For Kee Only Batha, Steam Heat, Electric Light 2000 & State Street, CHICAGO TELEPHONES Oakland 1609 Res. Oakland 17601 Auto. 79156 HENRY C. BOMAR'& SON FINE FURNITURE AND PIANO MOVERS, PACKERS AND SHIPPERS 3. Trips Daily to AllDepots A CREDIT TO THE RACE. Financial Headquarters of the Methodist Church at Birmingham, Ala. Birmingham, Ala.--The formal opening of the new financial headquarters of the A. M. E. Zion church took place in this city recently at the Metropolitan A. M. E. Zion church, of which the Rev. J. F. Moreland is pastor. An immense crowd witnessed the impressive and inspiring ceremonies. Dr. J. S. Jackson, the energetic financial secretary, to whose constructive genius and commercial courage the church is due this forward movement in its business management, was in general charge. The North Alabama conference, of which he is a member, was in session at Bessemer, eleven miles away, with Bishop J. W. Alstork presiding. At the invitation of Dr. Jackson the conference adjourned on Sunday and came to Birmingham in a body to participate in the exercises and to give additional significance to the history making occasion. Bishop Alstork acted as master of ceremonies. Hon. John C. Dancy, secretary of the church extension board, representing the general officers of the connection, delivered an eloquent address, reciting the struggles of the church toward financial independence and paying a high tribute to the demonstrated skill of Dr. Jackson as a financier. Dr. J. W. Wood, Professor T. W. Wallace, editor of the Western Star of Zion, and Dr. Moreland also spoke in praise of the work. Representatives of the Alabama conferences, Florida, Mississippi, Tennessee see and North Carolina conferences came on to show their confidence in and appreciation of Dr. Jackson, who, they assert, has brought so much prestige to Zion's great army everywhere and especially in Alabama and the southwest. They declare he must be elevated to the Episcopal bench in 1916. The headquarters here will compare favorably with any of the business institutions carried on by the whites, and it is a credit to the city and race. Dr. Jackson is looking extremely well despite the hard work he is doing. He now tips the scales at 183 pounds, a jump in four years from 140. His beautiful home is approaching completion. It is one of the handsomest and best appointed residences in the city, and with electric fixtures, outbuildings, fences, etc., will cost not less than $6,000. WELL QUALIFIED PASTOR: Career of Rev. J. W. MacDonald as Minister and Educator. One of the best known ministers in the A. M. E. Zion church is the Rev. J. W. MacDonald, pastor of the Pennsylvania Avenue A, M. E. Zion church in Baltimore. He is a native of Plymouth, N. C., where he was born about forty-seven years ago. Rev. Mr. MacDonald has had several years' experience in the ministry. He was educated at Livingstone college, Salisbury, N. C., and has received both the degrees of master of arts and doctor of divinity from his alma mater. Dr. MacDonald began life as a schoolteacher and only gave up the active work of that profession when he was PETER H. REV. J. W. MACDONALD, called to his present pastorate in the spring of 1911. His first job was a school teacher was at the normal school of his home city. He rose step by step there until he became principal. He has also taught in high schools and academies. Eleven years ago he entered the ministry and has served charges in North Carolina, Virginia, Paterson, N. J., and Somerville, N. J. During his brief stay in Baltimore he has succeeded in winning his way into the hearts of the populace and the congregation, and collections at his church have been doubled. He is a frequent contributor to the Star of Zion, the official organ of the A. M. E. Zion church and is frequently mentioned as suitable timber for the editorship of that paper. His friends say that his fine grasp of questions of state and church, combined with a thorough grasp of history, English and topics of the day, admirably fit him for the editorial chair. He is a strong temperance advocate and has rendered valiant service for the cause. As a speaker he is constantly in demand to deliver special sermons and addresses before social fraternal and political gatherings. He has acted as private secretary to Bishop Alexander Walters at a number of annual conferences. Influence of the Tuskegee Institute. The number of students enrolled at the Tuskegee (Ala.) institute for the school year of 1912-18 has reached the high water mark of 1,050. Forty sepaate trades and industries are taught and the influence which the school exerts upon the community is of the most helpful kind. Research Society Hears Thrilling Story by Dr. Reid. KINDNESS OF THE NATIVES President of the College of West Africa Gives Historical Sketch of Habits and Customs of Tribal Life on Dark Continent—Influence of Colored Americans. Yonkers, N. Y.-The Negro Society For Historical Research and its friends were highly entertained at a recent meeting by Dr. J. H. Reid of Monrovia, Liberia, president of the College of West Africa and editor of Liberia and West Africa, who delivered an interesting and instructive address, in which he sketched the progress which has been made by the little republic since it was founded in 1847. The first emigrants, he said, sailed from New York in the ship Elizabeth Feb. 5. 1820, and numbered eighty-light souls. This was later followed with another and smaller expedition in 1821, which settled in Sierra Leone (Fourah bay), where they remained till January. 1822, when some of them were brought to Providence island, at the mouth of the Mesuardo river. Other expeditions followed so that now there is a native population of 2,000,000 representing many interior tribes, notably the Mandingoes, Pesehs, Greboes, Kroemen, Veys, etc. The recent aggressions of the French government in Liberia, which is seven degrees north of the equator, has brought that down from 45,000 to 3,000 square miles. The delimitation of the territory by a foreign power is still a subject of diplomatic correspondence, and, since Liberia is the last chance of the Negro to demonstrate his capacity for self government, it is sincerely hoped that no unfair advantage will be taken of the little struggling republic. There are 15,000 Americo-Liberians in Liberia, which means that they are the descendants of former emigrants from the United States, and they constitute a force in the social, religious and industrial life of the republic which cannot be ignored. This contact of the American Negro with the aborigines of Africa is doing more to bring Africa to the front than Dreadnoughts and Mauser rifles. The public school system of Liberia is under the direction of a board of nine members, one from each county in Liberia. While it has not reached the perfection desired, due to lack of sufficient funds, it is the aim of the board when the $60,000 fund will have become available to enlarge the scope of the present plans. The people of Liberia are still imbued with the thought expressed on the tomb of an early white missionary teacher who for many years devoted his life and his talents to the mental and moral unlift of the African people, "Let a thousand fall, but let not Africa be given up." The leading men of Africa today have, many of them, received the foundation of their education in the College of West Africa. Africans are not as is generally supposed in some quarters backward as students. Their minds are receptive, and they readily absorb knowledge. The natives are remarkably quick to learn. Particularly is this true of the Mandingoes Kroos, who are splendid mathematicians and linguists. They are fond of the study of abstruse problems, and their knowledge of astronomy is wonderfully accurate. There are many languages spoken in Liberia, due to the presence of various African tribes from the interior and of foreign races engaged in business among us. The Mandingoes are the most highly cultured tribesmen among us, and they speak and write Arabic with great fluency and precision. It is the testimony of all African travelers that the native Africans are the most hospitable of people. An African civilized or uncivilized will show the utmost courtesy to the stranger within their gate and give him the best they have without money and without price. He is the most grateful and the most spiritual and optimistic of all the races of mankind, and it may truly be said of us that we "write our benefits in marble and our injuries in dust." The ancients recognized these qualities and loved to descant on them. They seemed to regard the fear and love of God as the peculiar gift of the darker races. No one can accurately estimate the extent of the material resources of Africa. Its soil is practically virgin, and its possibilities are almost beyond human calculation. There are gold and silver and iron and precious stones and an infinite variety of every species of flora and fauna and live stock. Dr. Reid said that he was proud of the Negro Society For Historical Research, which is doing a needed work and a good work in bringing to public notice the achievements of Negroes throughout the world. When he returned to Africa he would co-operate with it gladly and interest some of the leaders of thought in the fatherland in its race uplifting work. There are sixteen or seventeen weekly and monthly newspapers published in Africa, among them West Africa and Liberia, edited by Dr. Reid and set up by the students of the College of West Africa. THE BANK OF THE UNITED STATES GENERAL BANKING 3 per cent allowed Safety Deposit Va cent allowed on Savings Acc y Deposit Vaults, $3.00 per 3 per cent allowed on Savings Accounts Safety Deposit Vaults, $3.00 per Year REAL ESTATE DEPARTMENT As agent buy and sell Real Estate on commission, manages estates for non-residents, including payment of taxes and looking after assessments. Money to loan on Chicago Real Estate. As agent buy and sell Real Estate on dents, including payment of taxes and on Chicago Real Estate. Especially Invites the pat The- Cranfor Building. The finest building ever open Steam heat, electric light, tile b and sell Real Estate on commission, manages estate payment of taxes and looking after assessments real Estate. Specially Invites the patronage of Chicago business. e- Cranford Apartment Building. 3600 Wabash A It building ever opened to Colored tenant electric light, tile baths, marble entrance. Especially Invites the patronage of Chicago business men. BROOKLYN The finest building ever opened to Colored tenants in Chicago. Steam heat, electric light, tile baths, marble entrance. J. W. Casey, Agent, 'Phone Randolph 803 74 W. WASHINGTON STREET. BEAUTIFUL MOUNT GLENWOOD CEMETERY ... AND THE ... FUL MOUNT GLENWOOD CEM ... AND THE ... PEOPLE Are against all TRUSTS and to increase the cost Colored Men and Women of Chico you into a "Jim Crow" Cemetery. You are Schools and everything else that is Jim C using such a Cemetery. Mount Glenwood Section and One Entrance for all. Undertak at all TRUSTS and COMBINATIONS increase the cost of funerals and burials Men and Women of Chicago do not let any Undertakers Crow" Cemetery. You are opposed to "Jim Crow" Cemetry. anything else that is Jim Crow, so do not desecrate all the Cemetery. Mount Glenwood has no "Jim Crow" Section Entrance for all. Undertakers Profits in Mount Glenwood g Are against all TRUSTS and COMBINATIONS organized to increase the cost of funerals and burials. Colored Men and Women of Chicago do not let any Undertakers "Jim Crow" you into a "Jim Crow" Cemetery. You are opposed to "Jim Crow" Cars, "Jim Crow" Schools and everything else that is Jim Crow, so do not desecrate all that is sacred by using such a Cemetery. Mount Glenwood has no "Jim Crow" Section. It has One Section and One Entrance for all. Undertakers Profits in Mount Glenwood go to the People. OUR PRICE TO ALL Single Grave in Single Se Outside Box (made of No Total Expense of Single I Order Graves and Boxes dis save $6.00. Low Prices in and $2.00 per month. TEL Best Funeral Train Service, leaving Dearb and Wallace Sts. at 2:25 P. M.; 63rd and Wai CALL O MOUNT GLENWOOD C Phones: Douglas 557 3125 So. STATE STREET. Grave in Single Section, (opened) Box (made of No. 1 lumber) Expense of Single Burial, Only Lives and Boxes direct from our Association. Low Prices in Cemetery Lots of $25 per month. TELL YOUR FRIENDS. In Service, leaving Dearborn Station, (Polk Street) at 24 at 2:25 P. M.; 63rd and Wallace St at 2:30 P. M. Week Dr Single Grave in Single Section, (opened) $ 5.00 Outside Box (made of No. 1 lumber) 4.00 Total Expense of Single Burial, Only $ 9.00 Order Graves and Boxes direct from our Association and save $6.00. Low Prices in Cemetery Lots of $2.00 Cash and $2.00 per month. TELL YOUR FRIENDS. Best Funeral Train Service, leaving Dearborn Station, (Polk Street) at 2:15 P.M.; 47th and Wallace Sts. at 2:25 P.M.; 63rd and Wallace Sts. at 2:30 P.M. Week Days and Sunday. MOUNT GLENWOOD CEMETERY ASSOCIATE Phones: Douglas 5574 Automatic 71-81 3125 So. STATE STREET. OPEN EVEN Little drops in water, Little drops on land. Make the aviator Join the heavenly band. —Satire. "What is all this trouble James Eads How is having with his hobo society?" "He succeeded in putting the organization on a working basis."—Buffalo Express. "That chap next door is having a terrible argument with his wife." "But I don't hear his voice at all." "Why should you—when he hasn't spoken?"—Life. "Why did you give you The poor bird meant to profanity." "I could stand its pro- was learning to imitate rusty lawn mower."—Irrier-Journal. "So Bates' wife turned a matter of principle." "How so?" "Bates ran for office, was her duty to vote a Life." She wore no freakish skirts nor hats. She wore no diamonds in her heel. Her hair was never filled with rats. But she could cook a good square meal. —Cincinnati Enquirer. "How is a good way to break a man of poker playing?" "To break a man of poker playing you must break him at poker playing."—Houston Post. "Do you know. I heard your family doctor is a diposmania?" "No such thing. He's an allopath."—Baltimore American. JESSE BINGA BANKER S. E. Cor. State and 36th Place, Chicago Telephone Douglas 1565 owed on Savings Accounts at Vaults, $3.00 per Year Anford Apartment 3600 Wabash Ave. er opened to Colored tenants in Chicago. tile baths, marble entrance. J. W. Casey, Agent, 74 W. WASHINGTON STREET. NT GLENWOOD CEMETERY ... AND THE ... ITS and COMBINATIONS organized cost of funerals and burials. Of Chicago do not let any Undertakers "Jim Crow" You are opposed to "Jim Crow" Cars, "Jim Crow" Jim Crow, so do not desecrate all that is sacred by Glenwood has no "Jim Crow" Section. It has One Undertakers Profits in Mount Glenwood go to the People. Angle Section, (opened) $ 5.00 of No. 1 lumber) 4.00 Angle Burial, Only $ 9.00 Taxes direct from our Association and sites in Cemetery Lots of $2.00 Cash TELL YOUR FRIENDS. Dearborn Station, (Polk Street) at 2:15 P.M.; 47th and Wallace Sts at 2:30 P.M. Week Days and Sunday. CALL OR WRITE OPEN EVENINGS. "Why did you give your parrot away? The poor bird meant nothing by its profanity." "I could stand its profanity, but it was learning to imitate my neighbor's rusty lawn mower." — Louisville Courier-Journal. "So Bates wife turned suffragette as a matter of principle." "How so?" "Bates ran for office, and she felt it was her duty to vote against him." — Life. "It's teap year, and throughout the land. These timid words you'll note: 'Oh, will she ask me for my hand Or merely for my vote?' — Washington Star. Judge—What is the charge against this prisoner? Policeman—Holding a man up and knocking him down, your honor—Boston Transcript. Wife—Why are you putting cotton in your ears? Absent-minded Professor — I can't stand the smell of the cooking—Satire. "A STORE FOR EVERYBODY" HILLMAN'S STATE & WASHINGTON STS. Everything to eat, to wear and for the home. Ready to wear attire for man, woman and child at lowest prices, quality and workmanship considered. Make it a point to visit this store every day and take advantage of the special bargain offerings that we give in all departments. Telephone Yards 693 OHN J. BRADLE Real Estate Loans Fire and Plate Glass Insurance 4709 S. HALSTED ST CHICAGO JOHN J. BRADLEY Real Estate Loans Fire and Plate Glass Insurance 4709 S. HALSTED ST CHICAGO Telephone Oakland 1787 The BELLE Buffet FRANK H. 5059 Ar Cor. 51st BELLE MEADE C Buffet and Cafe FRANK H. LEWIS, Proprietor 59 Armour A Cor. 51st Street, Chicago las 4482 Automatic B a Verdo Buffe The BELLE MEADE CLUB Buffet and Cafe FRANK H. LEWIS, Proprietor 5059 Armour Ave Cor. 51st Street, Chicago La Verdo Buffet 3100 STATE STREET, CHICAGO Imported and Domestic Cigars and Cigarettes Hotel B Geo. V BUFFET, POOL Hotel Brunswick Geo. W. Holt, Prop. BUFFET, POOL AND BILLIARDS Street ite Buffet and Caf Hotel Brunswick Geo. W. Holt, Prop. BUFFET, POOL AND BILLIARDS. Elite Buff 3030 Elite Buffet and Cafe 3030 State Street Phone Douglas 8255 (Chan, Hunt) WILLIAM LEWIS, Prop. HENRY C. SNEE Phone Douglas 330 MINERAL S BUFFET 3517 S. State S HIGH CLASS INTERA PHONE DOUGLAS 3309 Automatic 75-173 GENERAL SPRING CITY FET AND CAFE 3517 S. State Street, CHICAGO CLASS INTERTAINERS EVERY ETC THE MUSEUM OF THE ARTS Phone Calumet 2918. Phone Douglas 4482 3004 State Street A. F. Codense Phone Boogie 8255 BRADLEY Real Estate Loans The Glass Insurance HALSTED ST CHICAGO MEADE CLUB and Cafe LEWIS, Proprietor Amour Ave Street, Chicago Automatic Phone 74-378 lo Buffet HARRY J KELLY, Proprietor. Aldine 3653 Brunswick Holt, Prop. AND BILLIARDS. Chicago Henry Jones et and Cafe Phone Aldine 3653 HENRY C. SNEED, M'g'r Automatic 75-173 PRING CLUB AND CAFE street, CHICAGO INERS EVERY EVENING AMERICAN BANK WILL NOT FAIL PAYS 3% ON SAVINGS WE SOLICIT YOUR PATRONAGE Wm. D. Neighbors, Cashier 2728 Wabash Ave., CHICAGO