The Broad Ax

THE BROAD AX At the Special Meeting of the Members of the Appomattox Club Last Saturday Evening the Proposition Was Ably Discussed, Pro and Con, as to the Advisability of Expending $10,000 to Construct an Addition to the Club Rooms, on the Lot in the Rear of the Present Quarters MAJOR ROBERT R. JACKSON, HONS. S. A. T. WATKINS, EDWARD H. WRIGHT, J. GRAY LUCAS AND FRANK L. HAMILTON LED THE FORCES AGAINST THAT PROJECT. HON. B. F. MOSELEY, REINFORCED BY COL. JAMES H. JOHNSON AND OTHERS, WERE THE MAIN SUPPORTERS OF THE PROJECT TO ENLARGE THE QUARTERS OF THE APOMATTOX CLUB. PRESIDENT JOHN R. MARSHALL, AT THE END OF THE DISCUSSION, SELECTED MR. MOSELEY AND TEN OTHER GENTLEMEN AS A COMMITTEE TO REPORT BACK AT A LATER DATE TO THE MEMBERS OF THE CLUB AS TO THE ADVISABILITY OF ENLARGING THE QUARTERS OF THE CLUB TO THE EXTENT OF SPENDING $10,000. JULIUS F. TAYLOR INTRODUCED A RESOLUTION CALLING ON THE PRESIDENT AND BOARD OF DIRECTORS OF THE CLUB TO INVESTIGATE AND BRING FORTH TO THE LIGHT OF DAY THE PERSON OR PERSONS WHO SENT THE ANONYMOUS LETTER TO THE POLICE DEPARTMENT WHICH CAUSED POLICE OFFICERS TO RAID THE CLUB ON THURSDAY NIGHT, DECEMBER 23, AND ARREST EIGHT OR TEN OF ITS MEMBERS WHO WERE CHARGED WITH GAMBLING. Vol. XXI. At the Sp Club L Discuss ing $1 on the MAJOR ROBERT R. JACKSON, HO WRIGHT, J. GRAY LUCAS AND FORCES AGAINST THAT PROJ HON. B. F. MOSELEY, REINFORCE Others, WERE THE MAIN S ENLARGE THE QUARTERS OF PRESIDENT JOHN R. MARSHALL, SELECTED MR. MOSELEY AND COMMITTEE TO REPORT BACK BERS OF THE CLUB AS TO T THE QUARTERS OF THE CLU $10,000. JULIUS F. TAYLOR INTRODUCED PRESIDENT AND BOARD OF DIE GATE AND BRING FORTH TO T PERSONS WHO SENT THE AN DEPARTMENT WHICH CAUSES CLUB ON THURSDAY NIGHT, I OR TEN OF ITS MEMBERS WHO Last Saturday evening a special meeting of the members of the Appomattox Club was held, with the object in view of endeavoring to ascertain if the majority of its members are in favor of expending ten thousand dollars for the purpose of erecting an addition to the present building on the lot in the rear; many of those who are generally present and do a lot of talking were absent and it remained for Major Robert R. Jackson, Hons. S. A. T. Watkins, Edward H. Wright, J. Gray Lucas, and Frank L. Hamilton to lead off in the discussion against that project; all of those gentlemen very ably pointed out in the most convincing manner the utter unwisdom of attempting to carry out or accomplishing such an object at the present time. It was very forcibly pointed out by the speakers that in case a two story building with a dance hall on the first floor, billiard parlor in the basement, and card rooms on the second floor, was erected on the rear end of the lot that it would not add one dollar to the value of the present property—that club and church property as a general rule was the worst property in the world to either sell or to borrow any money on—that with ten thousand dollars expended to improve the building in the rear and nothing done to beautify it in front would simply be throwing real good money to the wind and in the end would prove a very bad or poor investment in case conditions should arise in the future that the property was placed or forced on the market for sale—that it would be unreasonable to expect that it could be used for anything else except for club rooms or some kind of factory. Hon. B. F. Moseley, who was reinforced by Col. James H. Johnson, and by several others of less importance, were the main supporters of the project or plan to enlarge the quarters of the club rooms and near the end of the long-drawn-out discussion Presi- LAWYER B. F. MOSELEY WILL SOON HAVE HIS NEW HOME COMPLETED. IT IS BEING ERECTED ON THE BUINS OF HIS BEAUTIFUL TWO FLAT BUILDING. Along about the latter part of October, or shortly after the first of November, at 6 o'clock in the evening, fire visited the home of Mr. and Mrs. B. F. Moseley, 6248 So. Sangamon St., completely destroying their beautiful two flat building and burning up all of the belongings of Mr. and Mrs. Moseley their daughter, Miss Bertha dent John R. Marshall selected. Mr. Moseley and ten other gentlemen as a committee to figure it all out on paper and report back to the members of the club at a later date as to the advisability of enlarging the quarters of the club to the extent of spending ten thousand dollars. At the winding up of the meeting it was clearly evident to our mind that the vast majority of its members will never be in favor of standing under an additional debt of ten thousand dollars on the present holdings or belongings of the club. The following resolution was introduced by Julius F. Taylor which speaks for itself; and President Marshall stated that the Board of Directors would take some action on it and their findings would be made known at the next special meeting of the club. WHEREAS, it was authoritatively stated at the late Inaugural Meeting of the Appomattox Club, by several speakers that this club had been raided by the Police Department of the City of Chicago on Dec. 23, 1915, at a late hour in the evening, and that certain un-named persons, members of this club, were then and there arrested for the alleged offense of gambling; and WHEREAS, it was then and there stated by said speakers or by at least one speaker, that the name of the person was known who had written an anonymous letter to the Police Department charging gambling at the club; THEREFORE, BE IT RESOVED, that the person or persons who stated that they knew the name of the writer of said anonymous letter to said Police Department, be requested to name the person referred to as having written such letter, to the end that the stigma which may rest upon innocent person or persons shall be lifted. Moseley, and Mrs. Jane Hammond, mother of Mrs. Moseley. Their complete loss did not unnerve nor discourage Mr. Moseley, for immediately after the fire he ordered plans drawn up for a modern residence which will take the place of the two flat building and when it is completed it will be one of the finest and best appointed homes in this city. Work on it is progressing very rapidly and it will not be long before Mr. and Mrs. Moseley will give a good old time house warming in their elegant new home. CHICAGO, JANUARY 22, 1916 CARE OF THE BABY IN WINTER. (The first of a series of six articles.) So much emphasis is constantly placed upon the necessity for special care of the baby in summer, when the heat is excessive and diarrheal diseases at their worst, that the fact that winter, too, has its special dangers for the baby is sometimes overlooked. But the combination of heat and diarrhea is hardly more serious for the baby in the months of July and August, than are cold and respiratory diseases in winter. It is plain then, that the winter care of the baby deserves special attention from everyone interested in his health and well-being. It has been demonstrated quite conclusively that a large part of the deaths from summer diarrhea are needless, because this disease may be cured in many cases, and prevented entirely in many more by the proper care and feeding of the baby during the heated months. The same doctrine is now being applied to the group of what are commonly called "winter diseases" of babies and children, namely, bronchitis, pneumonia, "colds," and the like, which are, like diarrhea, to a large extent, preventable by the intelligent care of the baby, and by surrounding him with proper living conditions. These proper living conditions consist both in winter and summer of suitable food, in the right amounts, at the right time, cleanliness, sufficient sleep, plenty of fresh, clean air to breathe, and protection from exposure to infectious diseases. It is chiefly the lack of these two latter requirements that causes the winter illnesses among babies. It is not the cold of winter which makes people sick, ordinarily, but rather the stale over-heated air inside our houses and public buildings, which we breathe and re-breathe, thus passing disease germs about from one to another. Babies are particularly liable to be infected in this way, because they spend a large part of their time indoors, and because mothers are apt to feel that to keep the baby warm the rooms must be kept shut tight. A mother should use every means in her power to protect her baby from "taking cold," as it is commonly described. "Colds" are due to a germ and are very contagious, being easily passed from one person to another in coughing or sneezing. A nursing mother with a cold should tie a thin cloth or veil over her mouth and nose while nursing the baby, and should be careful never to cough or sneeze in his face, nor kiss him on the mouth. She should be particularly careful not to use her own handkerchief for the baby, nor sleep with him, while the disease lasts. Many babies contract these colds by being taken up and kissed by visitors, and it is a wise rule to keep the baby away from the presence of people who are coughing and sneezing. The reason for this great care as regards a baby is that a contagious cold is very often the fore-runner of bronchitis and pneumonia, which diseases cause the deaths of many thousands of young babies every year, and which are infinitely easier to prevent than to cure. Fresh air is the most effective weapon with which to fight the diseases of the respiratory tract. This does not necessarily mean cold air, for cold air may be stale, and warm air may be pure. The ventilation of most American houses is faulty, since in order to keep them warm enough to suit us we shut them so tightly as to make the air unfit to breathe, after a One of Chicago's most popular citizens and prominent lawyers who would make an ideal candidate for judge of the Superior Court at the judicial election this coming June. few hours. To counteract this tendency mothers should see to it that all the occupied rooms of the house are thoroughly aired at least twice every day in the coldest weather, while in moderate weather there should be as nearly constant a supply of fresh air throughout the house, night and day, as can be managed. When the temperature outside is very low, the baby should be taken into a warm room while his nursery is being aired, and at night, his bed should be shielded from a direct draft. If there is a communicating room, the window in that room may be opened, if there is danger of chilling the air of his sleeping room. If the cold is excessive, or if there is a raw damp wind blowing or rain or snow is falling, the baby should be given his daily airing in a room with the windows open, or on a protected porch, dressing him warmly in out of door clothing. He should be taken out during the middle of the day, for a little while, never long enough to run the risk of chilling him. This applies especially to young and delicate babies. As a child gets old enough to walk about and thus exercise himself, he can be allowed to play for some time in an open room or where he is sheltered from the wind. But an airing every day does not take the place of fresh air in the house, day and night, and to secure sufficient ventilation for health the mother must be on the watch to see that the rooms are opened and the air changed at frequent intervals. AN APPEAL A Benefit Matinee in behalf of the Home for Aged and Infirm Colored People will be given on the afternoon HON. DANIEL L. CRUICE. of Friday, Jan. 28, 1916, at the Grand Theatre, State St. near 31st, 2 o'clock. It is very necessary that if this institution is to continue its existence large results must obtain from this performance as well as a series of affairs that are about to be launched to clear off a current indebtedness of over $1400 that is threatening the very life of "The Home." The matinee at the Grand Theatre should be especially patronized in that some of the best talent of the city, both professional and otherwise, have given a willing consent to appear. Through the efforts of Mr. Julius N. Avendorph, who has direct management of the Benefit, Mr. Bert Williams, star comedian of The Follies, has pledged $100 to the success of the affair, and Mr. W. A. Johnston, president of the Stroll Amusement Company, and manager of the Grand Theatre, has given the use of the theatre free, as well as securing some of the performers who will also donate their services. The Home for Aged and Infirm Colored People, the object of this Benefit, is now caring for eighteen inmates, consisting of men and women, feeble, aged, and some of them blind. To say that they need the support of the public but feebly expresses it. To say that the Colored men and women of Chicago and of Illinois ought to support this institution should not need to be said; but, unfortunately, these old folks, now in the twilight of their lives, have been by the great majority forgotten, and unless hasty succor is given them they will very soon stand in need of the actual necessities of life. Every Colored man and woman should feel obligated to help make this Benefit a success. No.18 SOCIAL DOINGS AT THE APPO-MATTOX CLUB. The following are some of the social doings at the Appomattox Club, 3441 So. Wabash Ave., during the remainder of the present month. Smoker and Card Party. In honor of Mr. Bert Williams and Prof. Just of Howard University, Saturday evening, Jan. 22. Formal Dance and Inauguration of Officers of the Ladies Auxiliary, Friday Evening, Jan. 28. Patronesses—Mesdames: J. R. Marshall, S. A. T. Watkins, Edw. H. Wright, A. C. Harris, Wm. Emanuel, L. B. Anderson, B. F. Moseley, W. R. Cowan, R. R. Jackson, S. C. Dickerson. Complimentary Stag To Dr. U. G. Dailey, Dr. W. A. Buckner Dr. T. T. Carlisle, Saturday evening, Feb. 5. Cards and Billards ad libitum. Dancing every Friday evening. Col. J. R. Marshall, Pres. Dr. S. C. Dickerson, Chairman Entertainment Com. ROBERT H. JONES, JE., DIED FROM THE EFFECTS OF ESCAPING GAS. Robert H. Jones, Jr., son of Robert H. Jones, the expressman at 22nd St. and Cottage Grove Ave., who was for some time manager and bar tender for Dunn and Hight, 5050 So. State St., and who resided at 5004 So. State St., died in his rooms on Tuesday from the effects of escaping gas. Wednesday Deputy Coroner Michael G. Walsh held an inquest over his remains and the jury returned an open verdict. His remains were removed to the Emanuel Jackson Undertaking Company headquarters, 2961 So. State Street. PAGE TWO A Beautiful Bas-relief of a Suffrage Pioneer. [Image of a bust of a man with a bald head and a white shirt. The bust is facing slightly to the right.] SUSAN B. ANTHONY. The historical department of the Smithsonian institution at Washington has just accepted and placed on view a bronze bas-relief of the late Susan B. Anthony by Michael Jacobs, a painter and sculptor of note residing in that city. The bas-relief, which is in the "modern style," being of the school of Rodin, is a noteworthy example of the present tendency in sculpture, which is to keep the relief as low as possible. The relief on the medallion of Miss Anthony is only one-fourth of an inch high. The picture is that of a thoughtful idealist, with just a suggestion of the unconquerable fire which shone out through the bold personality of the great suffrage leader. As a compliment to the National American Woman Suffrage association, of which Miss Anthony was president from 1902 until her death in 1900, Mr. Jacobs has had cast a second copy of the bus relief, which was formally received to the national association during its forty-seventh annual convention in Washington Dec. 14 to 19. Mr. Jacobs is well known as a portrait painter, having executed many compressions for titled Europeans during his stay abroad. Injury Knitted Afghan This is a beautiful robe, consisting of five strips, two blue and three strips white, length 32 inches, with crocheted shell border to finish. Materials—Five hanks white, 4 fold Germantown; 4 hanks color blue; 2 bone knitting needles, No. 6; 1 bone crochet No. 4. With white yarn cast on 30 stitches, knit plain until strip is 32 inches long. Bind off loosely. With colored yarn cast on 31 stitches. First Row—Knit plain. Second Row—Knit 1. yarn over, knit 3, pass the first over second and third stitch. Repeat from * to end of row. Third Row—Knit plain Fourth Row *-* knit 3. pass the first over the second and third stitch, yarn over, repeat from * to end of row. Repeat these four rows until strip is 32 inches long. Join strips by working one row of sg. c. down both sides of each strip with white yarn. With colored yarn join the strips together with sg. c. taking up back stitch of each strip. Border—With white yarn work a row of shells of 6 d. c. Fasten, shell down with 1 sg. c. Finish with pict edge of colored yarn. Rubber Plant's Winter Cure Rubber plants need a sun bath every day. Their feet should be kept damp, but not wet. The leaves should be washed twice a week in good soapsuds and rinsed in clear water. When the pot gets too full of roots repot the plant. Also give it a dose of diluted ammonia occasionally. With regard to the housewife's potted plants generally, Uncle Sam says she should chase the woolly white mealy bugs and the little red ants away from them with a toothpick. She may drown the red spider with a squirt gun. If the bugs and spiders shatter your preparedness program you are advised to cut the plants off within an inch of their lives and throw the cuttings away. The plants will grow again. The green fly, which is not so green as it looks, won't bother your plants if you keep them well bathed and fed. For Dry Cleaning In cleaning any fabric with gasoline or similar fluid it sometimes happens that a ring is left around the garment in process of cleansing. To prevent such a ring it is recommended that by adding common table salt to the gasoline used spots can often be removed from delicate fabrics in a most satisfactory manner. If, however, a ring has been left the place cleansed should be wet again and immediately covered while still damp with fuller's earth, extending just beyond the ring. Let this remain on for some time, and when brushed off the spot should have disappeared. Gypsum may be used in like manner instead of the fuller's earth if preferred. The facts about American babies, the needs of American babies and America's responsibility to her babies will this year be known as never before, because the first week in March will be baby week throughout the country. More than 400 communities, representing every state in the Union, are already laying their plans for baby week, according to the children's bureau of the United States department of labor, in order that during those seven days the needs of the babies may be so presented that all the parents in those communities will learn a little better how to care for their babies and all the citizens will realize that they have a special obligation to safeguard the conditions surrounding babies. It is confidently believed by those who are interested in this nation wide baby week that the remainder of the year will be marked by a strengthening of all community activities for saving babies' lives and giving them a better chance to grow to a healthy maturity. The baby week idea originated in Chicago not quite two years ago. Then New York had a baby week and Pittsburgh and other cities. Such practical benefit has in each case resulted that the General Federation of Women's Clubs has undertaken to promote this nation wide observance. State health officials and national organizations interested in public health and child welfare have taken up the plan and in various ways are giving it not only their sanction, but their active cooperation. The extension divisions of the state universities have promised special assistance in interesting and helping baby week in rural communities. Baby week will give more parents a chance to learn the accepted principles of infant care and will awaken every American to his responsibility for the deaths of the 300,000 babies who, according to the census estimates, die every year before they are twelve months old. FOR THE TODDLER. With Its Bolero, This Small Gown Is Smart as Anything. Cut of white broadcloth on boxy lines, this small gown for the small girl is modish with hand embroidery ```markdown ``` done in pale blue worsteds. The belt, cuffs and bolero are of pale blue broadcloth, and ruches finish the flat collar and cuffs. For Contagions. It is important that the mother or nurse who is attending a child ill with a contagious disease should take a walk in the fresh air every day. The best way to arrange this is for her to keep a change of clothing in the next room. She should also bathe before leaving the quarantined room. If a bathroom has been set aside for quarantine she can use this; if not, a screen and a basin in the sickroom will have to answer. Then she can slip into the next room and put on fresh clothing. She should leave the house by the back way preferably or, at any rate, avoid coming in contact with any of the occupants of the house. Once in the street she should not use the street cars nor enter any other house and avoid as much as possible touching any one. The fumigation of a sickroom after a contagious disease is done by the board of health upon request in most cities, or it can be done by the family under directions of the physician. Eskimo Sets. For the littlest boy on his wintry rambles there come the comfiest brushed wool and knit sets that incase him from head to toe in frostproof armor. They consist of a little round cap topped with a pompon of wool or a woolen tassel or even a bit of fur, a close buttoned sweater, long tights and leggings combined and a pair of mittens or woolen gloves. The young hopeful rigged up in these garments looks like a very small cinnamon bear or a snow man, according to the color chosen. Chestnut Dressing. Boll a quart of shelled chestnuts in salted water until tender. While warm mash to a paste, adding a teaspoonful of salt, a dash of paprika and half the quantity of breadcrumbs, two tablespoonfuls of melted butter and a teaspoonful of poultry dressing. Blend the ingredients thoroughly, and if a moist dressing is required add a cupful of boiling milk. THE BROAD AX. CHICAGO. JANUARY 22. 1916. 1970 A SATISFACTORY DESIGN. This simple frock is made of navy blue and red plaid gaberdine and trimmed with white pearl buttons. A red patent leather belt matches the smart little four-in-hand of red velvet ribbon. The collar and cuffs are of white plaque. KITCHEN CUES Simple Ways of Doing Simple Things Intelligently and Well. To prevent potatoes becoming black when cooked put them into cold water and when brought to the boil squeeze a little lemon juice in. They will then keep a good color and be of good flavor. Before using tinware of any kind rub it well over with fresh lard. If treated in this way it will never rust. Slip a thimble on the curtain rod when running it through the hem of the curtain. The tops of pale covered evening gloves make very dainty shoes for babies. For a homemade coal box procure a wooden lard bucket from the grocer. Remove the wire handle and clean thoroughly inside and outside with strong soda water, one pound to a gallon of boiling water. Purchase a three penny bottle of oak varnish and when the bucket is dry apply over evenly and quickly. Leave for several hours. Get two penny bronze handles and screw one on each side, and the article is complete. The outside cost of this is a quarter, and it looks as well as one costing several times that amount. White satin shoes should always be kept in blue paper to prevent them from becoming discolored. After fowl of any kind is cleaned the inside should be rubbed thoroughly with a piece of lemon before the dressing is put in. When ivory handled knives look yellow rub them with fine sandpaper or emery. It will take off the spots and restore the whiteness. If clothespins are dipped in white enamel paint and dried in the sun they can be kept perfectly clean and will not split or mark the clothes. Tin that has become rusty of stained may be cleaned by dipping the cut surface of a raw potato in fine brick and rubbing well with this. Unbleached Muslin Spread Every woman likes to own a handmade spread, but the majority of spreads call for such expensive materials that few women can afford to indulge in the luxury. However, here is a spread which is within almost every woman's reach. It can be duplicated for about $5. The spread is made of unbleached muslin. All over its surface conventional scrolls are outlined by means of huge French knots. On the spread in question white knots are used, but there is no reason why one could not use colored cotton to carry out the color scheme employed in one's bedroom. The edge of the spread is finished with cotton fringe. In place of a quilting party why not have a spread party? The work will then be quickly and pleasantly done. A Kitchen Hint. Keep a piece of pumice stone in the kitchen to clean the irons with. It will instantly remove those particles of starch that adhere to the iron and will also remove rust or dirt. A careful rubbing with pumice before you put the irons on to heat will prevent any possibility of dirty marks on the delicate linens and laces. Built on Good Lines and Slightly Dressier Than a Topcoat. A AGAIN NAVY BLUE. Fashioned of navy broadcloth, fastened with novelty buttons, banded, cuffed and collared with Hudson seal and belted in a tier, this coat, so warmly lined with heavy taffeta, makes a serviceable winter garment for walking. The jaunty turban, so suitable for this kind of coat, has a background of osprey feathers. FIRST AID ESSENTIALS What Mothers Should Keep In the Bathroom Medicine Closet. Accidents will happen as long as we are human, and particularly so while we are children. But the irritating part about accidents is that we do not expect them and that they all have one thing in common—they happen at the wrong time. When you have no peroxide you cut your finger. When Charlie burned his hand at the bonfire you were without olive oil or ointment to soothe the pain. So, the wisest thing to do is to be prepared for war in time of peace, to talk in the language of the day. A good many serious results have been avoided by having a wound dressed properly in the nick of time. Every household, and that means every mother, ought to have a little box, cabinet or other safe place always filled with a few essentials which will prevent unfortunate consequences. Antiseptics for small wounds should be the first essential. A small bottle of linseed oil and lime water oil comes next. And you know that it is the open blister which sometimes causes tetanus. Boracic acid to wash out sores before putting the dressing on is not to be dispensed with. Turpentine is also a splendid thing against infection of sores from rusty nails. Do not let us forget the almost inevitable bottle of castor oil or milk of magnesia in case of fever and indigestion. A small quantity of essence of peppermint and spirits of ammonia should also be added, because sick stomach is a frequent occurrence with the little ones. A box of bicarbonate of soda and one filled with epsom salts are indispensable. French Coffee One quart of water to one cupful of very finely ground coffee. Put coffee grounds in bowl, pour over about half a pint of cold water and let stand for fifteen minutes. Bring remaining water to a boil, take coffee in bowl and strain through a fine sieve; then take French coffee pot, put coffee grounds in strainer at top of French pot, leaving water in bowl; then take boiling water and pour over coffee very slowly; then set coffeepot on stove for five minutes; must not boil; take off and pour in cold water from bowl that coffee was first cooled in to settle. Serve in another pot. The French, who have the reputation of making the best coffee, use three parts Java to one part Mocha. Skating Corset. The skating vogue has been responsible for all manner of dress accessories from shoes to caps, with the inclusion of jackets and suits between. And now comes the skating corset, designed especially for the devotees of that exhilarating sport. This particular type of corset has silk webbing over the hips, and the fact that there is no steel down the front makes every movement exceedingly easy and graceful. The corset comes in pink, delicately trimmed. Its price is a little over $5. An Impossible Ideal? Perhaps, after all, the real danger is not that women will ever forget the value of the home and their obligation to it, but that men will never entirely learn them. We are indebted to that gifted and charming essayist, Elizabeth Woodbridge, for the following: "To say that it is woman's task to make the home is to miss its most exquisite meaning. No one of the group can make the home, though any one can mar it. It must be made by all for the uses of all." Well, if it is one thing for all to use the home, it is another thing for all—and by that we mean every one under the rooftree—to help make the home. And we will probably never learn the true significance of this difference unless we first distillly understand that making a home is more, far more, than a matter of cooking food and making beds, of fetching and carrying and running the vacuum cleaner. There can be no quarrel with that division of labor which makes household tasks very largely a woman's business and breadwinning outside the home a man's business. But after both men and women have accomplished thus much there still remains the finest part of the task of homemaking. It lies in heart interest, in love for the home as an institution and in a thorough belief in its sacredness. A woman once said, "I can conceive of such a fine interpretation of the meaning and value of home that in case of difficulty or disagreement between two people the very ideal of the home itself would outweigh the personal element and conserve unity." The idea that two people might be willing to submerge personal differences to the larger ideal of home itself may be an ambitious conception, but surely not impossible. And in this role of homemaker a man may serve as largely and as truly as a woman. A NOVEL HAT. This Chapeau Has All the Winter Hallmarks of Style. Brimless, tall crowned and of black velvet, this interesting hat answers two other dictates of fashion, in that G JANUARY READINESS. it features a stickup of glazed leather edged with fur. This kid wing is secured by two black velvet buttons nattly placed. Chiffon Powder Puff Bags It is not a difficult feat to manufacture a wide mouthed bag from pink, blue or lavender chiffon gathered on to a round or oval embroidery ring. Hangers of satin ribbon to match the bag should be fastened across like the handle of a basket and tacked to the ring on either side with rosettes of the ribbon and small chiffon or satin roses. Within the bag put a dozen small puffs made of absorbent cotton. drawn in at one side like a made puff by a string of narrow ribbon. Hung in the guest room or on any dressing table these individual puffs will prove useful where there are visitors, and the puffs can be replaced as those used are thrown away. Welsh Rabbit: Cut one or two slices of white bread about a quarter of an inch thick, toast on both sides and butter well. Take half a pound of cheddar cheese, grate it and put it into a small pan with two tablespoonfuls of cream, a teaspoonful of mustard, a dust of pepper, and stir these all together over the fire till the mixture is like cream. Cut the toast into square pieces and place them on a hot dish. Pour the cheese mixture over them and serve at once. Club Sandwiches On a slice of bread put a lettuce leaf, next slices of thin crisp bacon, next slices of chicken and mayonnaise; then cover with a slice of bread and toast lightly on either side. Little Miss Robbins Coasting In New York. THE CHILDREN'S WEEKLY NEWS Photo by American Press Association. Snow in Central park, New York city, is a great source of pleasure to the little people who live in the vicinity of the city's greatest playground. The young miss in the picture, who is so gayly taking advantage of the fun provided by a fall of snow, is Miss Frances Robbins, daughter of Mr. Henry Pelham Robbins. She is making the most of the snow. Lying flat on her speedy sled, she is dashing down the hill, shouting to those in her path to clear the way. Such scenes are very common in New York city this winter, as old King Koreas has been kind enough to send his snow sprites to distribute his favors in the big town. Grown people don't care so very much for snow in the city, but the little people think it's splendid fun. "The Trades of the Dumb." Any number of children can play this game, and it is amusing and interesting. Let one player repair to the hall or to another room and decide what trade he will represent. When ready he knocks on the door and enters. Without a word or a smile he begins by motions to show what his chosen trade is. Perhaps he is a carpenter. Then he pretends to hammer nails, to saw or plane a board. Perhaps he is a coachman. In that case he makes believe to drive a horse, to turn a carriage or make the steed go. A tailor sews and cuts imaginary cloth and tries on garments. A painter goes through the motions of painting, dipping an unseen brush into a pretended pall and spreading the paint on wall or floor. There are other trades. One may be a musician, a policeman, sweeper, dressmaker, milliner, farmer, butcher, baker, grocer or sailor. If the player laughs or answers or speaks he must pay a forfeit when the game is over. The other players try their best by making funny remarks to cause him to laugh and lose his dumbness, and he has to be very alert not to get caught answering some question or suggestion. "Parcel Post." Players sit in a circle. Each person is supposed to be a package and is given a number. One person blindfolded is in the center. If there are more than fifteen players there may be two or more players blindfolded. When the players in the center call two or more numbers the players answering to those numbers shall exchange places and are liable to be caught by the center players during the exchange. When the center players become tired trying to catch any one they may call, "General delivery." At once every one jumps up and runs for a new seat. When a player is caught he becomes the blindfolded one. Each one keeps the same number throughout the game. Potato Peeling Race. A potato peeling race is good fun if the party is informal and the guests not too daintily clad. The hostess provides a clean potato for each guest, and at a signal all start peeling at once. The one who gets through first and produces an unbroken peel gets the prize. This is more fun than an apple peeling contest because of the little knots and eyes in the potatoes. The Cooky Cat. Grandmama made a cooky cat, Brown and spicy and round and fat. She set it up on the pantry shelf. Safe and sound, and said to herself, "Tomorrow morning when Bobby comes I'll give him that cat and some sugar plums." And grandmama smiled and felt very glad. For Bobby was such a dear little lad. But, alas, when the house was dark and still The cooky cat felt a sudden thrill, For she heard the patter of tiny mice. Nearer and nearer they slyly came. The cooky cat trembled through all her frame. They climbed to the shelf on which she cat. Alas, alas, for the cooky cat! She pleaded for mercy. The mice said: "Nay. For 'turn about' is, you see, fair play. A cat will always eat mice, and that Makes it fair for the mice to eat the cat!" -St. Nicholas. Though the czar is the nominal commander in chief of the Russian armies, it is no secret that the real man at the head is General Michel Vassilevitch Alexeff, who is the chief of the general staff. He seems to be the man who has come through the close sifting of time and stress. Since he took charge there has been a new spirit in the Russian armies. No one knows that better than the kaiser and Field Marshal von Hindenburg. The allies know it, too, and the French government has conferred on him the grand cross of the Legion of Honor. It was Photo by American Press Association. GENERAL MICHEL ALEXEEF General Alexeff who foiled the attempt of the Germans to trap the Russian army during its retreat. This was previous to his promotion as chief of staff. General Alexeff is a studious man. He works hard, and for many years he was a professor in the military academies of Petrograd, Moscow and Nicolaieff. In his manners he is democratic, and in addition to being popular in the army he has close contact with the leading spirits of the now dissolved duma, which, after all, represents the Russian people better than the autocratic government. His military career dates from the Russo-Turkish war in 1877-8, when Russia tried to break her way through to the Golden Horn in vain. Young Alexeff had been graduated from the Military academy at Moscow in 1874 as a sublieutenant, and during the war with the Turks he was wounded three times. In 1890 he was attached to the general staff. In the war with Japan he was one of those whose reputations were enhanced rather than the contrary. He was in command of the Third army in Manchuria, and the Japanese recognized him as a worthy opponent. When the war was over the czar gave him a jeweled sword as a mark of his regard. It had not been Alexeff's fault that things had gone wrong. STRANGE WINTER SPORT. Members of New York Clubs Enjoy Surf Bathing In Midwinter. New York city contains clubs of all kinds and devoted to various purposes. There are thus clubs whose members plunge into the surf during the midwinter season. These are known as Polar Bears, Arctics or Snowbirds. Photo by American Press Association. "SNOWBIRDS" CLEARING SNOW FROM BOARD WALK. The illustration shows three Snowbirds shoveling snow from a board walk at a beach near New York—cold winter sport assured, but the members of these organizations seem to be none the worse for exposure to the cold air and water. They run in and out of the surf on days when the temperature is below the freezing point and are watched in their antics by spectators clad in furs and heavy overcoats. SIRES AND SONS. Colonel P. W. Ostrander, eighty-five, Brooklyn, is still actively practicing law. Percival Lowell, the noted astronomer, is a brother of the president of Harvard. With him astronomy is a profession, a business, as it were, but for pastime he delves into Japanese occultism. Dr. Wu Ting Fang, former Chinese minister to the United States, is now seventy-five years old and recently, after announcing his intention to live to the age of 150, declared that the remaining seventy-five years would be given over to literary pursuits. Judson Harmon, candidate for the Democratic presidential nomination in 1912, was country born. He earned school money by picking blackberries at 5 cents per quart. He harvested during the vacation. While in college he worked for a collection agency. Dr. Peter Cooper Hewitt, one of the men whose work has contributed to make possible the achievements of wireless telephony, is a native of New York. His grandfather was the philanthropist, Peter Cooper, and his father was a member of congress and a mayor of New York city. The Writers. The name of Stanislaw Przybyzzewski, the Russian writer, is pronounced Pshee-be-sheff-skee. Herman Bernstein, back in New York from Europe, refers to the war as "panic in a madhouse." Dr. Charles W. Eliot, president emeritus of Harvard university, has been awarded, by unanimous vote, the first gold medal of the American Academy of Arts and Letters "as a recognition of special distinction." Sir Gilbert Parker, the novelist and playwright, wavered between two or three professions in the early days of his career. He has been in turn professor at a deaf and dumb institution, lecturer in English literature at a Canadian university, associate editor of an Australian paper and a writer. Current Comment. Will pan-Americanism ever pan out? —New York Sun. Will our house and senate be known as the Sixty-fourth or the safety first congress?—Brooklyn Eagle. When the time comes that everybody will ride in automobiles—and it is about here—there will be nobody left to get run over.—Philadelphia Press. What we need worse than a law making "America" the national anthem is stern legislation that will enforce the proper tone among those who try to sing it.—Washington Post. Automobile Runs. The number of automobiles registered in the United States the past year was more than 1,700,000. An automobile jack that is now in use automatically lifts all four wheels of a car clear of the floor when they are run upon a track. When a recently patented automobile fender touches any object it shuts off the power of the car to which it is attached and drops a curtain to prevent the object being crushed by the wheels. Echoes of the War. The European war loans are launched easily enough, but none of them float very long.—Houston Post. What a glorious time European cities will have later on in boasting of what their population was in 1914!—Washington Post. America will not begrudge Europe an industrial boom immediately after the war if it enables the prompt payment of the enormous sums that will be due neutral countries.—Washington Star. BRIGHT BRIEFS. Inventors of excuses seldom require the assistance of a patent attorney. If it takes two to make a quarrel it also takes both sides to keep the peace. A good many fellows can grasp an idea without being able to hang on to it. It is better to lose than have the fruits of victory leave a bad taste in one's mouth. Some folks are so used to looking for trouble they don't recognize joy when they meet it. Europe has long been noted for cheapness. Now she has made human life the cheapest thing. Even Norway has borrowed $5,000,-000 in New York. Pretty soon everybody will be owing us. Occasionally the charity that begins at home never gets through warming its shins at the radiator. Nearly all of us do without things we actually need in order to be able to afford a luxury now and then. Prince Firman Firma is the new Persian premier. There should be nothing unstable about his government. Under present conditions Europe sees nothing paradoxical in the simultaneous promotion of a war loan and a moratorium. A German has invented an instrument which measures the ten-millionth of a second. The trouble is that after it is measured it is too much of a back number to be useful. THE BROAD AX, CHICAGO, JANUARY 22, 1916 ADVENTURES OF OLD KING PETER Brave Monarch Insisted on Sharing Army's Dangers. THE valiant old king, Peter of Servia, has found a warm welcome in Greece, where he has arrived after many adventures. Some of them are described by Signor Fraccaroti, the correspondent of a Milan paper, who says: King Peter was ill even before the war. It is because of his illness that the supreme command of the operations had to be intrusted to his son Alexander, the heir to the throne. The king was undergoing medical treatment at Topola. As soon as he felt convinced that Bulgaria would attack Servia the old king, ill as he was, declared his intention to proceed immediately for the frontier against the Bulgars. His physician opposed him and forade him to go. The king resisted at first; then he seemed resigned. "Very well," he answered the doctor. Two days later he left without telling the doctor. He arrived in Nish in a motorcar and went to find Pasitch in his bare study of the palace and ask him permission to visit the front. Pasitch was amazed to see the king so ill and anxious, with eyes like burning coals, the face thin and drawn. And the question astonished him. Why should the king ask for a permit? "I am a soldier," explained King Peter. "There is a voivode in command of our armies; hence I must ask for permission." They telephoned to Kraguyevatz. Putnik was still in Kraguyevatz then. The doctor was also summoned. The voivode begged the king, the doctor commanded him, not to go. But he went nevertheless. Perhaps the old king was hoping for another miracle. Last December [Image of a group of men in military uniforms, one of whom is stepping down a staircase]. KING PETER AND SERVIAN OFFICERS. it was he who had put new courage in his soldiers when they were retiring before the dense masses Austria had poured across the Danube and the Save. He had to be carried to Lazarevatz, in the first line of Stefanovitch's army, where he went into the trench of the Second regiment, the famous "Iron Regiment," helping himself along with a stick. There he exchanged the stick for a rifle and said to his soldiers: "My children, I know you are very tired. You have fought like heroes. But our country is in danger. He who can resist no longer can go home again without fear of being punished. But the country is in danger, and I have come here with you to die for our country. Let those remain who wish to die with their king for Servia." Then he lifted his rife and fired. The words of the old king who had left his bed of pain to fight in the trench electrified the soldiers. They threw themselves forward without hesitation, and twelve days later not an Austrian was left on Servian territory and Belgrade was retaken. Now, the king was hoping for a repetition of the miracle. Again he visited the first line trenches, remaining with his soldiers for two hours, lifting laboriously the rifle to fire. But he appeared very sad on his return to Nish. The ministers had already departed. He decided to return to Kralevo. At Krusevatz he saw the car which was carrying the Generalissimo Putnik, the old, never beaten volvole, whom all Servian soldiers call affectionately "grandfather." Putnik was coming from Kraguyevatz, which the Germans were on the point of entering, and the old volvode, ill, like the king, but untiring, had to abandon the place. The two cars met and came to a stop. At the time Krusevatz was stricken by the fear carried like a contagion by the columns of refugees from Nish and from the north. The road was obstructed by the people, the peasants' carts, the oxen. Some one recognized the cars, and two names passed along the crowd, "The king, the volvode!" And suddenly that crowd was silenced as if by magic. They made a road for the cars to pass, lining the sides. The men lifted their caps; the women looked on with heavy, fascinated eyes. None said a word. Not a cry was uttered. The two motorcars moved on slowly, and it seemed as if a funeral procession were passing. --- DAMES AND DAUGHTERS Miss Minnie Hill of Washington recently completed a trip by foot from the national capital to the Pacific coast. Mrs. Caroline Weldon of Jersey City, N. J., recently received a legacy of $73 willed sixty-one years ago to her. It had grown to $1,620. Miss Rebecca Mason, a co-ed at the University of Minnesota, who recently won first honors for women in the national chemistry competition, has decided that she will be a candy and sugar tester. Mrs. Frederick Gillman of Vallejo, Cal., widow of a gunner on the submarine F-4, which sank in Honolulu harbor, has been appointed flagmaker at the Mare Island navy yard by order of President Wilson. Dr. Helen Sexton has had the rank of major conferred on her by General Joffre, the head of the French army. This is the highest honor that can be conferred on a British medical man or woman. Major Sexton is directress in chief of the hospital at Auteuil financed by four Melbourne women. Flower and Tree. The sycamore tree bears fruit after twenty years' growth. It has been found that the olive will live longer under water than any other tree. Flowering plants should never be watered with cold water. It chills the plants. The cactus and other desert plants have thick stems instead of leaves in order to reduce the loss of water by evaporation to a minimum. Nicotine is found in only one plant besides tobacco—a large shrub known to botanists as Duboisia hopwoodii, which is native to the interior of Australia. PITH AND POINT. A temptation well resisted is the best tonic a man could have. Many a good reputation has been stabbed by a pointed tongue. As nearly as can be figured out, a savant is a scientist on foreign soil. It is better for the drowning man to clutch a life preserver than a straw. Even persons who never tried it will tell you that honesty is the best policy. Many a man who prides himself on his physical strength cannot even hold his tongue. Aren't there enough peace palaces? A common sense palace seems to be the great need. Copper is the one basic necessity of the war, making it a copper bottomed war, so to speak. If the New York restaurants only charge extra for it the horse meat supply won't equal the demand. The high cost of living ceases to command attention when the high cost of destroying life is computed. There is one don't in this grip business worth all the others—"don't worry" and don't let others worry you, either. It's all well enough to warn us about getting the grip, but the trouble is that we never know we've got it until it's got us. Breathe through the nose and keep the mouth shut, says a doctor, giving advice on the subject of health. Lots of people owe a ripe old age to keeping the mouth shut. The Royal Box. Princess Henry of Battenberg, governor of the Isle of Wight, is the only British woman ruler. King Peter of Servia is not a military man at heart. Rather is he a scholar and philosopher, as is shown by his admiration of John Stuart Mill, whose works he has anonymously translated into Servian. King Gustav of Sweden is a teetotaler, and he and the entire royal family of Sweden are at the head of the temperance movement in Sweden. His mother for over forty years devoted her time and money and influence to the cause of temperance. Flippant Flings. France forbids the export of nuts. We show a welcome disposition to encourage it.—Wall Street Journal. Judging from the number of generals Joffre has retired, one would say he was bent on a general cleaning up.—Chicago Herald. Horse meat has been placed on the New York bill of fare by the health board. A saddle of colt ought to be palatable.—Detroit Journal. New York warehouses are full of cold storage food for Europe. If anything can make them quit fighting this prospect ought to.—Pittsburgh Dispatch. Fashion Frills. Women don't object to old fashioned things if they are in style.—Philadelphia Inquirer. Hoslery manufacturers, it is said, are making tremendous profits, and nowadays it is easy to see where our earnings go.—Baltimore American. The news that women are wearing the farthingale doesn't distress us in the least. It's so much better than loops.—New York Sun. WAS THE PERSIA AN ARMED VESSEL? One of the most perplexing phases of the sinking of the P. and O. liner Persia is the fact that the Persia mounted one 4.7 inch gun. This was disclosed in a dispatch from United States Consul Garrels' statement at Alexandria, Egypt. The consul, however, did not state where the gun was mounted. The Hague convention provides that a merchant ship may carry a gun mounted on the stern for purposes of defense without being considered an armed ship. The application of the principles of international law to the limited arm- THE FIRST STEAMER TO THE SEA STERN OF BRITISH MERCHANT VESSEL CARRYING SMALL ARMAMENT. ing of merchant vessels has been defined by our state department as follows: A merchant vessel of belligerent nationality may carry an armament and ammunition for the sole purpose of defense without acquiring the character of a ship of war. The presence of an armament and ammunition on board a merchant vessel creates a presumption that the armament is for offensive purposes, but the owners or agents may permit such presumption by evidence showing that the vessel carries armament solely for defense. * * * The result of the investigation must show conclusively that the armament was not intended for and will not be used in offensive operations. It is explained that the caliber of the guns must not exceed six inches, that they be few in number and that no guns shall be mounted on a forward part of the vessel. Against the application of these general rules the German foreign office filed a protest and took the position that a merchant vessel is not permitted to defend itself against a war vessel and that a distinction could not be made between defensive and offensive armament. The official view here is that the question of whether a gun was mounted on the Persia will depend entirely on where it was placed. If mounted forward officials realize that a contention can be made that the Persia was armed for destruction of submarines and had instructions to ram or destroy the submarines. NEW WARDEN OF SING SING. George W. Kirchwey, Noted College Professor, Is on the Job. George W. Kirchwey, former dean of the Columbia University Law school, is now Warden Kirchwey of Sing Sing prison. New York. He will serve at least until after the trial of Warden Thomas Mott Ossborne, who is under 1930 indictment on various charges' by the Westchester county grand jury. Mr. Kirchwey is a friend of Mr. Osborne, and it is likely that he will carry out many of the ideas of the latter regarding prison reform and the treatment of prisoners. These have attracted the attention of penologist throughout the country. PAGE THREE SHORT AND SHARP. European affairs are one war loan after another. On all sides the food for powder supply seems to be unlimited. Rags are going up in price, but nobody is wearing them blatantly. When you talk of maintaining a principle be sure that it is not a prejudice. The man that feels like being kicked seldom allows another the pleasure of doing it. Unless all signs fail, this year will be a record breaker in the making of world history. Next June will give both Chicago and St. Louis new opportunities to pose as summer resorts. Everything can be overdone. Many a fellow has been fired with enthusiasm by his boss. The drug shortage is so acute now in England that many chronic invalids are rapidly becoming convalescent. If every man who was "a little odd" had to be arrested there wouldn't be enough men at liberty to enforce the law. Saying the right thing at the right time is equivalent to keeping your mouth shut when you have nothing to say. In another year the nation will again be giving earnest thought to the question of whether there is going to be any inaugural ball. It couldn't have been the landlord class that agitated the war as some would have us think. People in Europe are many millions of dollars behind in their rent. Political Quips. No lack of preparedness anywhere for presidential nominations.—Atlanta Constitution. Politically speaking, the rising temperature bulletin is already out for next June.—Washington Star. Some of the presidential candidates now in the race won't get much for their run except the exercise.—Philadelphia Press. It is wonderful how clearly a public officer can see what ought to be done—after his term of office is over.—Pittsburgh Post. Ohio has six native sons in the United States senate, not to mention the long waiting list for the presidency.—Cleveland Plain Dealer. Science Siftings. Jupiter has a mass nearly three times as great as the combined masses of all our other planets. There are five quarts of blood in the human body. One-half of this can be lost before death is inevitable. The United States produced twenty-nine of the sixty-six epoch making inventions, England seventeen, France ten, Germany five, Italy two and Brazil, Austria and Sweden one each. When a man breathes he uses his muscular strength to draw in the air, and it is afterward forced out automatically. With insects, as a German investigator has just discovered, this process is just reversed. Electric Sparks. An electrical process is being tried in Russia for the manufacture of gold leaf, heretofore made only by hand. In a new electrical device for medical purposes the current is regulated by passing it through a moistened sponge inclosed within a glass tube. German electricians who experimented decided that they obtained better results by placing the carbons in arc lamps horizontally and one slightly below the other. Insulated with a specially prepared paper, an electric cable carrying 10,000 volts in England was found in perfect condition after more than twenty-three years of service. Chips From China. Thus far Emp Yuan has given no indication of an intention to introduce the open house in China.—Washington Post. The former boy emperor of China is said to be a rather dull young man. He must be if they've noticed it in China.—Detroit Free Press. China may get so weary of trying governments of its own that any suggestions Japan may have to offer will be welcome.—Washington Star. Emperor Yuan wants a new constitution for China. A constitution seems to be about the most useless thing China could have.—Pittsburgh Dispatch. Town Topics. Boston's population is now 745,439, compared with 670,585 in 1910. The sacred codfish has put on 74,854 new scales—New York Sun. Chicago can't show such a mighty gain in the next census, being bordered on the south by the Indiana state line and on the north by Evanson, which remains equally inflexible.—St. Louis Globe-Democrat. Pittsburgh reports that every building that can be used as a factory is now being put to that service, and there is a growing fear that Pittsburgh may become more vulgarly prosperous than ever.—Indianapolis News. Agents and Correspondents Wanted to Handle THE BROAD AX. Liberal Commissions to Live Agents. Address, Julius F.Taylor, 6532 St. Lawrence Av., Chicago Agents a BRO Addr A MRS. KATIE M. FOWLER-BOWLING Newly wedded bride of Prof. A. J. Bov ing in the public schools of Atlanta she was connected with the milline pany on State Street, near Monroo sales lady and cashier. She is the at Institutional church and promi in this city. Newly wedded bride of Prof. A. J. Bowling who received her educational training in the public schools of Atlanta, Ga., and in this city; for seven years she was connected with the millinery department of the Model Cloak Company on State Street, near Monroe Street, where she creditably served as sales lady and cashier. She is the secretary of the Sunday Afternoon Club at Institutional church and prominently connected with several social clubs in this city. INDOOR COMFORT AND HEALTH. It is well understood that what are known as the dirty air diseases are due to and largely caused by bad indoor conditions. Primarily, this means, of course, improper or insufficient air supply. It is also true that the proper ventilation of our homes, shops and workplaces is largely a winter problem. During the warm weather months the proper ventilation of homes and workplaces generally solves itself. It is during the cold weather months that people will persist in hibernating and are lamentably indifferent to the need of ventilating their homes and workplaces. Stagnant air and overheated air are the principal causes of coughs, colds, bronchitis and pneumonia. Usually, too, overheated air is far drier than it should be. It is important that our indoor air approach as nearly as possible in moisture the outdoor air under normal conditions. Window ventilation is worth studying. It is natural that people should not want to open their windows in zero weather, for the reason that to do so would involve discomfort and undue consumption of fuel. It is possible, however, to maintain good air supply and circulation of the same in the average room, simply by a little observation of outside wind currents and proper manipulation of the windows. Opening a window on the windward side of the room from the bottom an inch or more, according to the outdoor wind velocity and using a deflecting board on the window sill to deflect the air up into the room at about the breathing level and lowering the window on the leeward side on the top an inch or less or more, according to outside temperature, will provide both air supply and air movement. It will also tend to improve the indoor humidity, which in the average American home is far lower than it ought to be. The Department of Health has had many requests as to the relative humidity that should be maintained for a given temperature. In response to these inquiries is submitted the following table covering temperatures from $60^{\circ}$ to $72^{\circ}$ Fahrenheit, together with the relative humidity that should be maintained at the temperatures named, and which it is believed would produce the approximately ideal indoor conditions for both comfort and health. Zone of Comfort Table At temperature 60° Fahrenheit relative humidity as indicated by the hygrometer reading should be 66 to 74. At temperature 66° Fahrenheit relative humidity as indicated by the hygrometer reading should be 50 to 54. At temperature 68° Fahrenheit relative humidity as indicated by the PAGE FOUR ling who received her educational训 a, Ga., and in this city; for seven years ry department of the Model Cloak Com- Street, where she creditably served as secretary of the Sunday Afternoon Club ently connected with several social clubs hygrometer reading should be 40 to 48. At temperature $70^{\circ}$ Fahrenheit rela- tive humidity as indicated by the hygrometer reading should be 34 to 40. At temperature $72^{\circ}$ Fahrenheit rela- tive humidity as indicated by the hygrometer reading should be 30 to 34. Of course, it is understood that along with a thermometer in the room there should be a hygrometer to give the humidity readings—in fact the hygrometer is fully as important an instrument to have in the home or workplace as is the thermometer. It is well understood that persons in normal health will be more comfortable in properly moistened atmosphere, temperature 66-68, than they will in a temperature of 70-72 with very low humidity. * * * Why are germ colds epidemic in cold weather? Simply because in warm weather, when windows and doors are so much of the time open to fresh air, the breezes well ventilate our houses and carry away bacteria in the draughts. CAUGHT AT LAST? Reports from Four Sources, Considered Reliable, Declare Gen. Francisco Villa, Labeled Outlaw by Carranza, Has Been Captured with Many of His Followers, and That They Are Being Taken to Chihuahua. Career of Pancho Villa as Bandit and Rebel Chief. First of all, Gen. Franciso Villa was born poor. In revolutionary Mexico that was a serious handicap to an ambitious young man. And that fact, perhaps, has made the pages and pages of stories that have been written about one of the contenders for the control of turbulent Mexico. Although Villa in hundreds of interviews has stated that he was fighting for his people, not the honor of being president, the natives of Chihuahua smiled. "Gold, pure gold," they said, "is all that Villa ever will fight for." Villa was quoted by one writer as saying that prior to his enrollment in the cause of Francisco Madero, he carried a revolver with fifty-seven notches. In Chihuahua Villa committed his first murder which is generally known about. At that time he was a ranch owner in the state in the northern part of Mexico. A Mexican insulted a woman member of the Villa clan and Villa killed him. The man whom Villa killed was rich. He was a cog in the Porfirio Diaz regime. Villa was poor. Villa fled from his ranch, about 200 miles south of El Paso, Texas, to the mountain and became an outlaw. Villa gathered about him a band of men equally cold blooded and usurser. --- * * * THE BROAD AX, CHICAGO, JANUARY 22, 1916. The Fowler-Dowling Wedding. Rev. A. J. Carey, Pastor of Institutional Church, Performed the Marriage Ceremony Wednesday evening Miss Katie M. Fowler was united in marriage to Prof. A. J. Bowling, assistant pastor of Institutional church and member of the Moving Picture Censorship Board of Chicago, at the home of Mr. and Mrs. Charles Smith, 5363 So. Dearborn Street. It was a very pretty and plain home wedding. Rev. A. J. Carey, pastor of Institutional church officiated. The bride was charmingly attired in a white silk lace dress over white brocaded silk and wore a long white tulle veil with orange blossoms. She carried a bouquet of white roses and orange blossoms. Diamond ornaments. The groom was attired in the conventional full evening dress. Mrs. Geneva Smith, sister of the bride was matron of honor and looked very beautiful in a white crepe dechiene gown. Mr. Jesse Igou was best man. Mr. and Mrs. David Jenkins, Mr. and Mrs. B. W. Fitts, Mr. and Mrs. A. E. Patterson, Mr. and Mrs. Jones, Mr. pulous, and for ten years he pursued his bandit career. Madero, when he had taken up arms against the Diaz regime, sent a messenger into the mountains and invited Villa to become a colonel in his army. In the Madero fold Villa became one of the fiercest of that wealthy contender's subordinates. But the intensely jealous nature of the ex-bandit brought trouble for him in the ranks of Madero. Villa wanted all the honor. In 1911, when it became evident that Diaz's days were numbered as the dictator of the Mexican republic Americans began to hear of the bandit chief. In battles fought in and around Casas Grandes, engagements that preceded the fall of Diaz and completed the triumph of Madero, "Pancho, the Tiger," as they called him, achieved a reputation as a fighter similar to the beast whose name had been given him. Villa quarreled with Huerta and was thrown into jail. His life was saved by Madero after Huerta had ordered him shot. Numerous times, in fact, was the bandit soldier ordered shot, but each time by his wits or through efforts of his friends he was able to escape. In March, 1913, Villa joined the constitutionalist revolution and took the field, and in a short time he had gathered about him an army of several thousand volunteers and set out for revenge on Huerta. He was successful at the start. In town after town he dislodged the federalals, and drove the federal troops out of the northern part of Mexico and was supporting the Carranza cause in the north. Carranza, however, was selected as president of the republic by a few sections of the republic. This made Villa indignant and he turned against Carranza, and for the last year has been fighting the Constitutionalists. BOOKER T. WASHINGTON'S OWN STORY OF HIS LIFE AND WORK This week the writer received a copy of the new book entitled "Booker T. Washington's Own Story of His Life and Work." This highly interesting book consists of 512 pages richly illustrated and it traces the wonderful career of Mr. Washington from his little slave cabin in old Virginia to his death and burial at Tuskegee, Ala. It is handsomely bound in red cloth; it is published by Mullikin-Jenkins Co., Marder Building, Washington, D. C. It is sold only by subscription, for the small sum of $1.25, and it is not to be had at book stores. Within the next year more than a million copies of the latest story of the life of Booker T. Washington will be sold in all parts of the civilized world. and Mrs. H. Green of Pullman. Miss Josephine and Miss Gertrude Swee were among the invited friends. Mrs. Addie Fowler, mother of the bride, came on from Atlanta, Ga., to attend the wedding. Mrs. Fowler is the proud mother of eleven children and she has lived to see them all married off, Miss Katie being the last one, and she naturally feels proud of her new son-in-law who succeeded in capturing and winning the heart of the last one of her daughters. The bride received many useful and beautiful presents. Prof. Bowling, the groom, is an expert in Civil Service, having successfully passed the government, State, county, and city civil service examinations. The bride and groom are at home to their numerous friends at 3223 South Park Ave., and to say the least, their relatives and hosts of friends wish them the greatest happiness and blessings during the remainder of their journey together through this life. THE OFFICIALS OF THE STATE HAVE STARTED A WAR ON ALL PERSONS WHO ARE INEFFICIENT IN OPTOMETRIST OR OPTICAL QUACKS WHO ARE RUINING THE OPTICS OF THE PEOPLE OF THE STATE. So important was this malicious practice that the law makers enacted a law making it a crime for the inexperienced practitioner to bleed the public and ruin the eyes of its people. And examination was held and 1,000 persons took the examination. 700 in the state passed 300 of the total number. We are very pleased to know that one Colored man out of this number passed the examination with a high average. In the person of Dr. P. J. Scott, of 3321 So. State St. As we looked upon and examined the certificate we were satisfied that we have one man of the race who is fully capable and thoroughly equipped to treat the eyes and fit the glasses of any race, being a specialist in his line. HYDE PARK NEWS. By L. W. Washington. An invitation was sent out to the young people of Hyde Park to attend a cake walk at 5532 Lake Park Ave. The call was made by Mr. Joseph Gun. We learn that quite a number of the young folks attended. May we ask for what purpose? These kind of entertainments have been long discarded by the sober thinking intelligent minds among us, because of their depreciating character. Such entertainments will not now and never has done the race any good, but has represented us as a race of monkeys. We would advise our young people to take up a more progressive and idealistic kind of amusement. Mrs. Webb has returned from the Hospital, and is improving very much. Mrs. Clifford Raymore presents to Mr. Clifford Raymore a fine baby girl. Mother and daughter are doing fine. The father has the smile which will not come off. We learn that Mr. Brazleton, of 5220 Lake Park Ave., has bought the Taylor notion store on 53rd St. Mr. Brazleton is one of our successful business men. THE SUNDAY AFTERNOON CLUB. The meeting last Sunday was largely attended and program very interesting. Next Sunday address by J. T. McLemore. Subject, "The Evil of Intoxicating Liquors." Meeting every Sunday afternoon at 4 o'clock, Institutional Church, 38th & Dearborn Sts., upstairs in neighborhood parlors. Everybody welcome. B. W. Fitts, Pres, Mrs. Alonzo J. Bowling, Sec. [Name] PROF. ALONZO J. BOWLING Educated at the Universities of Michigan, Ohio State- logical Seminary and Harvard; Member of the Nati- American Association for the advancement of S Society Clubs of London; Author "Study of Neg bulletins on Negro Education.—Riverside Press, University of Chicago Press. He is a prominent Ma Odd Fellows, Elk—and member of the Appomatto of the Institutional Church; superintendent of the ment and member of the Moving Picture Censors o CLUB NOTES. THE EIGHTH Oggan, Ohio State, Chicago, Boston Theobber of the National Geographic Society, advancement of Science, and the Royal "Study of Negro Education" and six riverside Press, Cambridge, Mass., and a prominent Mason, Knight of Pythias, the Appomattox Club; assistant pastor intendent of the Dearborn social settle- picture Censors of Chicago. Educated at the Universities of Michigan, Ohio State, Chicago, Boston Theological Seminary and Harvard; Member of the National Geographic Society, American Association for the advancement of Science, and the Royal Society Clubs of London; Author "Study of Negro Education" and six bulletins on Negro Education.—Riverside Press, Cambridge, Mass., and University of Chicago Press. He is a prominent Mason, Knight of Pythias, Odd Fellows, Elk—and member of the Appomattox Club; assistant pastor of the Institutional Church; superintendent of the Dearborn social settlement and member of the Moving Picture Censors of Chicago. THE EIGHTH REGIMENT BALL AND HOUSE WARMING WILL BE HELD AT THEIR NEWLY COMPLETED ARMORY, 35TH AND FOREST AVE., MONDAY EVENING, FEB. 21ST. Monday evening, Feb. 21st, the Eighth Regiment Illinois National Guards will hold their ball and house warming in their newly completed armory, 35th and Forest Ave.; by that time all the finishing touches will have been placed on the out and inside of the building and if any one have never danced a step in their lifetime it will be time well spent in visiting the new armory on that occasion; for it will make your bosom swell with pride to behold it for it is one of the finest and most extensive buildings in the world to be occupied by Colored soldiers. On the night of the house warming and ball the price of admission will be fifty cents. Dr. George C. Hall, Col. Franklin A. Denison, Mrs. Charles E. Bentley, and Attorney George W. Ellis, have been selected to serve on the commission, to study the bad or the baby bandit boy problem in this city. Dr. Daniel H. Williams, on arriving at his lovely home, 445 E. 45th Street, Tuesday evening, received an extra large slice of home made cake at dinner time, being reminded by Mrs. Williams, that it was one of his many birthdays. Sandy W. Trice, 6438 Eberhart Ave., is at all times full of business from the word go, and fully appreciating the worth and influence of newspapers, he always forwards his check for his subscription to The Broad Ax without begging or dunning him to do so. James W. Breen, one of the assistant corporation counsels of Chicago, who is a handsome bachelor, will put up a stiff fight this spring against the Hon. Thomas J. Healy and endeavor to wrest the committeemanship of the 30th ward from him. It takes two people to make a quarrel, but one can often make more trouble than two can settle. As a last resort we could commander the annual output of the American hen and defy the world. Getting along with your neighbors is a comparatively simple task. All you've got to be a good neighbor. Thousands of young husbands will welcome with shouts of joy the news that dish wiping has been pronounced insanitary. --- Editor The Broad Ax, Chicago. Will you kindly insert the following in the Club Column of the next issue of The Broad Ax? NOTES OF THE PEERLESS CLUB Monday evening the residence of the nominated president, Mr. Robert Ray, was the scene of an enthusiastic meeting of the Peerless Club. A large attendance was present and much business accomplished. The intellectual side of the club was easily demonstrated by addresses from various members on club efficiency, opportunities, etc. Plans were also discussed in regard to the installation of new officers. After the meeting a splendid repast was served. The next meeting will be at the residence of Mr. A. Ganaway, Tuesday, Jan. 25th. All present spent an enjoyable evening. Peerless Club, Carl L. Cotton, Act. Cor. Secy. SOCIAL EVENING AT THE Y. M. C. A. Thursday evening, Jan. 20th, was social evening at the Y. M. C. A. Building, 3763 So. Wabash Ave., and the following program was rendered: Lecture—Maj. John R. Lynch—"Facts on Reconstruction." Musical Program. Rendered by the following artists: Mme. Marie Burton-Hyram, Soprano. Mrs. Chas. L. Reese, Soprano. Mr. Chas. A. Eglar, Violinist. POSSE IN 15 AUTOMOBILES; TAKE 6 NEGROES FROM JAIL. Speed to Scene of Murder of Georgia Sheriff to Avenge Death by Lynch- ings. Sylvester, Ga.—Fifteen automobiles filled with heavily armed white men entered Sylvester, county seat of this. Worth, county, last night to avenge the murder of Sheriff Moreland of Lee county several weeks ago. They took six Negro prisoners from the jail and sped northward toward the scene of the murder, presumably to lynch them. THE QUEEN CAFE SPECIAL SUNDAY DINNERS Do you eat at home? Then home isn't nothing like this. Do you eat in Cafes, Restaurants, or Lunch Counters. Then come and see us. We cook the best meals, give the best service, buy the best goods in the market, and guarantee that our prices can't be beat anywhere in the city. My name is E. A. Hoffman, my place of business is located at 21 E. 33rd St., just east of the elevated station. If you will come and eat with us we know, you will come again. CHIPS Talks on HEALTH, CLEANLINESS, PROPER LIVING, SANITATION, ETC. BY Dr. W. A. DRIVER [3300] So. State Street Phode Douglas 3617 THE DEATH RATE OF THE "COLD" EPIDEMIC OF TODAY. Statistics show that the number of people dying in the last few weeks is more than twice the number of deaths in the same period a year ago. There is at present an epidemic of "colds," coughs, influenza (la gripe—the grip), bronchitis, pleurisy, pleurodynia, and pneumonia. Any one of the above manifestations of a common "cold" is liable to terminate in death. Because the condition called a "cold" is so frequent and often yields to ordinary treatment or no treatment, the dangerous possibilities of the malady are not well known. The same cause of a "cold" is the cause of pneumonia. If that fact were well known our death rate now would doubtless be normal in spite of the other conditions. If it were well known that a "cold" is young pneumonia the doctor would be consulted before the patent medicines and so-called "home remedies" had signed the death warrants of many. When the people learn to consult those who are trained in the diagnosis and treatment of disease, for their infirmities physical, then and not till then will the pneumonia death rate be less. Only a fool or a lunatic would risk a trial for his life at the bar of justice except in the care of a lawyer. Even ordinary litigation demands the attention of a lawyer, let alone that which involves the life of a person. But in the matter of a possible pneumonia as well as in other death dealing diseases many people cheat themselves in their efforts to avoid their obligation to the physician. Many poorly informed people go to Miss Ora Harris of Pittsburgh has taught twenty-five years in a school for the blind. Miss Mary S. Boyd, chief of the data department of the National American Woman Suffrage association, is known as "the woman who answers questions." Mme. Rejane is one of the quickest "studies" among great actresses. She can commit a long passage to memory by reading it over twice. But it may take her weeks to decide how to render it. Dr. Laura M. Riegelman, attached to the New York board of health, will not live opposite a vacant lot, have carpets or wall paper or rent an apartment without studying the soil upon which it stands—health precautions; that is all. Mrs. Mary Warren has the job of looking over the wastebaskets of the treasury department. For more than thirty years she has sat at her desk in a small back room in the treasury building, carefully examining every bit of refuge taken from the offices. Echoes of the War. If there is an "emperor of Europe" he'll have a throne of ruins.—Atlanta Constitution. The sultan of Turkey has a wonderful system of letting the other man walk the floor.—Washington Star. Kings will be fortunate in becoming sick of war before the common people become sick of kings.—Washington Post. King Alfonso is still firm in his contentions that Spain is neutral—and how earnestly he hopes that neither side will have cause to doubt it!—Detroit News. The war is costing the European nations $25,000,000 a day. And the people, who have little say about it, pay the freight in blood and cash.—Baltimore American. PITH AND POINT. You will never be accused of cheating at cards as long as you lose. Being square with a man is quite different from getting square with him. It is noticed that most of the dunces in the school of experience are night pupils. When you get to the point where you are able to make both ends meet splice the ends. If people consulted their consciences more they would have to consult lawyers less. When you find that the truth is in your way you may be sure that you are on the wrong road. --- [Name] the druggist and ask to be treated. No doctor, no physician can properly treat a patient unless the patient is given a careful physical examination. No druggist has the moral right, the facilities, the diagnostic erudition nor the license to prescribe. The honest, consciencious pharmacist will advise the unfortunately ignorant and gullible tempter and self druger to consult a physician. Often the consciencious druggist finds out that some other druggists are not so honest and "get the money" he would not condescend to steal. Counter prescribing is the name given to that form of graft. It has much to answer for because it is widespread, especially where ignorance abounds. It is practiced only upon the ignorant, because no others will risk their very lives in the hands of that type of usurper, the prescribing druggist. The damaged goods type of imbecile is often the product of the "I'll fix you up all right" druggist. He lets the future take care of itself and by the law of compensation it fills our penal institutions, insane asylums, alms houses and propagates a defective citizenry. Consider the burden upon the state! What kind of soldiers would these hulks produce? A law against counter prescribing would do more good than the great Harrison law has done. What legislator will protect humanity against its own ignorance and immortalize himself? To make the death rate of the people higher from "colds" continue to ignore the doctor of medicine, the physician. The shadow of a trouble is usually blacker than the trouble itself. Mighty few of us are strong enough to laugh at our own weakness. Quite often a thing that "goes for a song" isn't worth more than the song. Europe may be able later on to use some of its trenches for irrigation ditches. Be charitable to the living; the dead are not in a position to appreciate a monument. Already football games have been arranged for next autumn. This is preparedness with a vengeance! Physical geography is about the only safe and sane geography for the young idea to study in these stormy days. Neptune must smile as he sees a little backwater clear trenches that neither huge guns nor poison gas could empty. Just to show good faith with her allies, Turkey rises to remark that she will not be the first to make a move for peace. There is now some reason to believe that those reports of the Panama canal's completion were more or less exaggerated. War's thrilling narrative will be incomplete without a story of the soldier who saved his life by carrying a plug of tobacco in the hip pocket. Now that a Chicago clerk has sued for divorce because his wife is too beautiful, there'll be a lot of women feeling sure their husbands don't love them with a real unselfish love. Echoes of the War. Civilization knows how to make war, but it seems without effective method of making peace.—New York Sun. Those fighting nations all want a peace that will last, but they don't want it to last too long. At least they don't start it.—Cleveland Plain Dealer. There are such things as negative blessings. Switzerland has no need to worry over the eventuality of having any of her fleet interned.—Baltimore American. The belligerent nations not only deny that they began the war, but none of them seems to care for the credit of putting an end to it.—Philadelphia Press. Those warring nations appear to be in as bad a fix as the two men who fought until both were exhausted because neither of them could remember the word "enough."—Chicago News. THE BROAD AX, CHICAGO, JANUARY 22, 1916. Charles E. Stump, the Kansas Newspaper Correspondent, After Visiting Chicago, Makes His Second Tour Through Mississippi and Other Sections of the South Meridian, Miss.—You will find me once more in the state of James K. Vardaman, United States Senator, and believe me I have been doing some little doing and going since I left Chicago, and I am still going, and it is hard to tell just where I will be when you read this letter. When I took my pen in hand to say a few lines, I was visiting that big city of Chicago, and there was some snow on the ground and on the houses, and still it was falling. I saw so much snow until I just got myself together, and all my good clothes, and headed for another part of the world. I shall never forget my visit to Chicago. I am not going into details now, because it would take a whole paper to tell you. I could not get so much enjoyment out of it. I had the pleasure of meeting some of the big men of Chicago and some small men too, and they all shook my illy black hand and expressed pleasure in meeting me. I got the expression whether they meant it or not. I told you about my Christmas experience, and I went to several trees. I went to the Christmas tree at Ebenezer Baptist church, got me a package of candy, and the same thing at Quinn Chapel, and then I received a number of Christmas cards, and after reading them all, and passing over Sunday, I started in search of another part of the world. I returned to Louisville, and spent a night there the guest of William H. Steward, and his family. I have told you before that he was the editor of the American Baptist, and he is getting out a real good paper. It speaks for the Baptists of Kentucky. Then on to Frankfort, and this is the capital of Kentucky. It was at this place where they have had some warm battles. In Frankfort, I was the guest of Mr. and Mrs. Andrew Coleman, in South Frankfort. These people seemed to enjoy entertaining me. I had the pleasure of meeting B. D. Madison, who is in charge of affairs at the Capitol hotel. He is the right hand man to the proprietor of the hotel, Mrs. Carrie Weitzel. Mrs. Weitzel is one of the wealthiest women in Kentucky, but looks strictly after her hotel business. Off from Frankfort, Thursday, for another part of the world. I was delighted to see all I did there, but Thursday evening I spent a few hours with one of the leading educators in Kentucky, Prof. F. M. Wood, principal of the Paris high school, and president of the State Association. I declare that it was pleasure to see and talk with this man, and get so much information about Kentucky. It made me want to move to Kentucky at once. You see that the Kentucky people in Kansas have been telling me that I ought to visit the state, and I wondered why they did not stay there since it was so great. Well, that's their business. Off from Paris to Knoxville, and went directly to the home of Rev. W. Augustus Jones, and enjoyed myself until it was time to start for Bristol, Tenn-Va. It was a nice ride, and there were some young people on the train going back to school. They were indeed intelligent, but unusually loud talkers. Then I guess they could not hear good, and wanted that the whole car should know what they were talking about. Bristol was reached, and they were getting ready there for the celebration of the 15th anniversary of the City Negro Business League, of which the worker, R. E. Clay, was at the head. There was a fine program arranged and the people were there in full bloom. Among them were some members of the other race, and then there was a speaker from the other side of the house. He was a great big white man, at the head of the Episcopal church. Now that man just made me tired all over, but I rested up and listened to him. He declared that the Negro was not the equal to a white man and never would be. God had not made such a mistake as that. He did not want the Negro to think that he was equal to any kind of white man, but that he could make a place in the world for himself --- and his people, but it would always be inferior to a white man. He tried to find history to back him up, and then he said that it was the teaching of Booker T. Washington, and I can imagine I see and hear Dr. Washington turn over in his grave, and declare the good "Rectorer" or something like that. I felt like speaking right out in church, but I was not a member of that League, and could not give you or him the desired answer. But that man did not handle the truth correctly about God. I believe Paul told the truth when he declared from some hill up about Mars or some other place, "And out of one blood hath God created all the nations of men to dwell upon all the face of the earth." I did not get to see Paul but from what I can learn about his education and his touch with God, he knows more about things than that white man did down here, and I will pass him up and take Paul for it. Paul was not full of hatred for the Negro. He nor his ancestors had not held slaves. You see that white man was from Georgia, and it had been the talk around the fireside when he was a child. He had heard it in the Sunday school, from the pulpit, from every walk of life, that the Negro was his inferior, and I do not think hard of him now, but I want that my people shall prove his doctrine false. We must do superior things in a superior way. The meeting ended, collection was lifted, then the people went to their several churches for watch meeting, and I went to the Baptist church, and all at once, I heard the whistles blowing, guns shooting, and they told me that it was blowing the old year out and shooting the new one in. Just as soon as it happened, I jumped up, shouted a time or two and then turned over a new leaf, and began to write the things I am going to do this year. But since it is a little late now I will not attempt to tell you all the things I have in mind to do. Thanks be unto God, I remained in Bristol until 5 o'clock in the afternoon of Jan. 1, and then started for Roanoke, where I remained several days with Rev. J. H. Burks, then on to Bedford City, and from Bedford City back to Knoxville, Tenn., when I was the guest of Dr. S. M. Clark, one of the leading physicians, then on to Atlanta, Ga. Birmingham, Ala. Our people were in a stir in Birmingham because the Penny Prudential Savings Bank had just closed a few days before that time, and many people were money out, but they hope to get it in. Met Mrs. Carrie A. Tuggle, who was as busy as could be. Most of my time was spent in the office of Dr. U. G. Mason, although I spent the night with one of the strong men of our race, Dr. J. S. Jackson, financial secretary of the A. M. E. Zion church, and one of our great race men. Dr. Jackson has given his life for his people, and then he has handled thousands of dollars for the church of which he is a member, giving an account for every cent. You see he has always had money of his own, and the man who knows how to care for his money can care for others. His strict honest dealings with his people has brought him right to the front, and made for him many friends in this world and in the world to come. It was indeed to me a source of pleasure to see all this, and to see his lovely mansion, and to meet his wife, who is indeed one of the brightest women of our race. Dr. Jackson is now mentioned for the highest position in the gift of his church, and the general conference which will meet in Louisville, Ky., will make of him a Bishop, and he has won the place. I had the pleasure of meeting the wife of Bishop G. W. Clinton, of Charlotte, N. C., and heard her make a big speech. Met some big men of all the races in Atlanta, Ga. It was the conference of college presidents and principals, and the inauguration of the new president of Gammon Theological Seminary. I would like to tell you some of the people I met there. Excuse me this time, and I will let you hear from me again. It was a brainy meeting. I had the pleasure of shaking hands with Mr. Emmett J. Scott, Secretary of Tuskegee Institute, and a man of rare attainments. I wish that we had many men like Mr. Scott, but as we have not I will not say much about it. He is strictly a business man, and we must look to him in the future to make the National Negro Business League a success. I think this will be done. Now I will have to bring this letter to a close, and say something in my next. THE BROAD AX PUBLISHED WEEKLY. Will promulgate and at all times uphold the true principles of Democracy, but Cathee Hoe, Protestants, Priests, Infidels, Single Taxes, Republicans, or anyone else can have their say, as long as their language is proper and responsibility is fixed. The Broad Ax is a newspaper whose platform is broad enough for all, ever claiming the editorial right to speak its own mind. Local communications will receive attention. Write only on one side of the paper. Subscriptions must be paid in advance. One Year. $3.00. 8x Months. 1.00 Advertising rates made known on application. Address all communications to THE BROAD AX 6533 ST. LAWRENCE AVE., CHICAGO, ILL. PHONE WENTWORTH 2597. JULIUS F. TAYLOR, Editor and Publisher Entered as Second-Class Matter Aug. 19, 1902, at the Post Office at Chicago, Illinois, under Act of March 3, 1879. Checkers. The German name for the game of checkers or dreads is "damenbrett"—ladies' board—probably "damen" for short. Some form of "dame" is used in almost every country where the game is played, except the English speaking countries, and the Scots still speak of the "dambrod." "Dames" was the name in England for a time, and we find it in an English book toward the end of Elizabeth's reign. The first use of the word draughts in existing literature is about 1400. At a later day "checkers" became another name, and this went to America with the early English enigrants and there became the usual name. In England in the sixteenth century the game had three names—"dames," "draughts" and "checkers." At an earlier period "checkerle," "chekar," etc., had been English names for chess—London Mirror. Snails Are Queer Creatures. Snails Are Queen Creatures. The snail is found everywhere, over 3,000 species being known. Some of the large tropical snails, as bulimas, form nests of leaves, their eggs being as large as a pigeon's. The snail is extremely skillful in mending its shell, and some curious experiments may be made with them. Thus I have seen a helix of a yellow species attached to another shell of a reddish hue by cutting off the top whorl of the latter, when the snail will proceed to weld the two shells together and occupy both, using the addition as a door and possibly wondering at this sudden extension of its house. In the winter some of the snails hibernate or lie dormant until warm weather. A snail of the Philippine Islands has a faculty of throwing off its tail when seized. This is also true of a West Indian variety, stenophus.-London Telegraph. Euclid's Lost Books. "I was very much amused at the comment of a young friend who recently went up against the board of examiners for the naval service," said a Philadelphia man. "Speaking of the questions in geometry which were propounded to the bega, this youngster said in a dry way: "History tells us that the old discoverer of the science of geometry, Euclid, who lived 300 years before Christ, wrote something like twenty books, which he called "Elements," and that of this number seven were lost. The examining board of the marine corps has found those books, for the questions it put to us two weeks ago clearly demonstrated that it dug up some theorems which had not been seen in the last 2,000 years.'"—Pittsburgh Dispatch. Repelling Fire With a Drum. A fire of a strange nature appeared in Wales in 1693. According to the most intelligible account concerning it now in existence, it came up from the sea near Harlech. At several places near that place and all over Merionethshire it did much damage, burning hay, houses, barns, etc. A person writing of it said: "The grass over which it moves kills all manner of cattle that feed upon it. But what is most remarkable is that any great noise, such as the beating of a drum or sounding a horn, effectually repels it from any house." Excusable. Judge—Why did you hit this gentleman? Defendant—Well, judge, I haven't had a vacation for six years, and this boob has been sending me picture postals from Palm Beach, Thousand islands, California and the orient all these years!—New York Globe. PAGE FIVE Effect of Familiarity. "What we see constantly we cease to see vividly. The faces we notice least are those we know—and perhaps really love-best. Our eyes are a bit jaded by following the familiar lines. "The same is true of pure color." says a writer in the Atlantic Monthly. "Water and sky are very beautiful, and you may suppose that you are duly appreciative of them, but lie on the deck of a catboat and look at them with your head in an unaccustomed position—sideways and upside down—and note how the colors flare out upon your vision. "Or stay indoors for a few weeks in a room where you do not get much outlook and then go out. You will be blinded by the glory of the world, but not for long. The glory, alas, fades quickly, and habit settles upon you once more!" "With our friends' faces somewhat the same thing happens. When we first meet them they plque us pleasantly with their unfamiliar line and color. Gradually we grow used to them. The first vision has passed." Mounting a Horse. In mounting take the reins in the left hand. At the same time grasp a little mane halfway up the neck. Now turn the stirrup slightly toward you with the right hand and place the ball of the left foot in it. Grab the horn with the right hand and swing on. Don't pull yourself on, but swing on. Settle into the saddle easily; don't flop into it. If you want to get "your neck broke" some time mount by taking the horn in one hand and the cantle in the other, and the time will surely come when you will not be disappointed. Just a word in regard to dismounting. First withdraw your feet from the stirrups to the ball. Take the horn in the right hand and swing off, letting the left foot slip easily and quickly from the stirrup. Remember this, for many a man has been dragged to death because his foot stuck in the stirrup. Your feet will nearly always come free if thrown from a horse, but the left one is prone to stick in dismounting unless the above precaution is observed. -Outing. An Analysis of "Ain't" "Ain't" is an improper abbreviation of "are not." British writers spell it "an't," which properly indicates its derivation. Americans make it an inclusive offense, using it for "am not" and "is not," as well as for "are not." It is unquestionably the worst instance of slovenliness in the common speech of today. Yet it is by no means of universal or even of common use. It will slip occasionally from refined lips, always with a jar to the enunciator as well as to the hearer. But the habitual user of "ain'ts" is careless of refinement. He may be an excellent citizen who never beats his wife or kicks the cat. But there is likely to be something slipshod about him somewhere, for "ain'tt" is needless as well as cacophonous; it fills no void and supplies no need—Cleveland Plain Dealer. Mark Twain as "Attraction." A girl who was a stranger to Mark Twain once found her way into his Bermuda home with the hope of getting a sight of the author. She came suddenly in contact with him and frankly explained her errand. "Have you seen the crystal cave yet," he asked, "or the aquarium?" "No; I came to see you first," she answered. "Well, you shouldn't have seen me first," he answered. "I run in opposition to the crystal and the aquarium. But they're not shucks to me. I'm lots better. I give them their money's worth. But you should see them. Then you'll appreciate me." This was said in his most earnest drawl and with only a sparkle of humor in his keen blue eyes. The Real Thing. Fred, aged three, had been a naughty boy, and his mother had punished him. He felt very much hurt and complained to his auntie about mamma's spanking him. Auntie said, "It is not you that mamma spanks, but a little devil inside of you who makes you do naughty things." After sitting very still for five minutes he said, "It beats all how it hurts me when that devil gets spanked."—Delineator. A Great Copper Mine For nearly 700 years copper ore (chalcopyrite) has been taken regularly from a mine in the province of Dalecarlia, Sweden. The mine contains the largest copper ore deposit in Sweden and is supposed to be one of the greatest chalcopyrite properties in the world. Our Trials. "You know, my dear boy," said a sympathizing friend to a man in trouble, "that we really gain by our trials in life." "That depends altogether on the kind of lawyer you get to conduct them," replied the sufferer. Different Methods There are two different kinds of men. Give one a piece of rope and he will hang himself; give a similar piece to the other and he'll form a cordage trust. —Washington Star. A Real Artist. "Is Bruspen a good artist? "Is he good? Why, he not only can draw pictures that are good, but he can draw checks that are good."—Pitts- burgh Post. By medicine life may be prolonged, yet death will seize the doctor too. Shakespeare. Industrial Courts As long ago as 1806 France created industrial courts, and the example has been followed by Germany, Switzerland, Italy and Belgium. A president, who represents the public, and an equal number of workers and employers sit as a jury rather than as a court. Lawyers are barred. The parties to the dispute take turns relating grievance and defense, and in consequence of this simplicity 90 per cent of the cases are adjusted without formal hearings. In event of threatened strikes or lockouts the courts have the power to sit as boards of arbitration, and it is only in rare cases that satisfactory agreements are not reached. Compare the simplicity of this procedure with the American method of frequent trials, frequent appeals, reversed decisions, remanded cases, court costs, lawyers' fees and months of delay, a gantlet that no poor man dares to run. The dollar out of which an alien is cheated may mean to him the difference between a bed or a park bench, and certainly his sense of injustice will not inspire him with respect for democratic institutions—George Creel in Century. A Thief's Answer The secretary of the New York Prison on association tells of the answer a thief gave to the question, "Is honesty the best policy?" It was in the Elimira reformatory, where a class was undergoing instruction. A young man asked permission to answer the question. "I believe honesty is the best policy," said he, "because of a case where I knew it to work that way. See? There was two young fellows in New York, and they was crooked. See? And they didn't succeed. They went to Philadelphia, and they turned over a new leaf and agreed to be square and honest. They opened a clothing store. See? And they prospered. They got everybody's confidence, and they borrowed $100,000 to enlarge their business, and then they failed and got away with every cent of the money, which they never could have done if they hadn't been honest. See?" Jefferson's Letter A few lines written by Jefferson to a friend in a foreign country ruined the warm friendship which had existed between him and Washington. The letter is known historically as "Jefferson's letter." Jefferson sent a letter to Philip Mazzel, an Italian, in April, 1796. Mazzel published an Italian translation of it in Florence the next year. It was retranslated into French and published in French newspapers, from which it found its way into the British papers and to America. In this letter Jefferson opposed the Jay treaty and commented freely against Washington and his administration as Anglican, monarchical and aristocratic. This letter destroyed Washington's faith in Jefferson. Italy's Marriage Brokers M marriage brokers are a regular institution in Italy. In Genoa there are several marriage brokers who have pocketbooks filled with the names of the marriageable girls of the different classes, with notes of their figures, personal attractions, fortunes and other circumstances. These brokers go about endeavoring to arrange matrimonial alliances in the same offhand mercantile manner which they would bring to bear upon a purely business transaction, and when they succeed they get a commission of 2 or 3 per cent upon the dowry and sometimes a bonus as well. Fussiness In Architecture A great vice that is creeping into American architecture of interiors today is an exaggeration of tiny details. Moldings are multiplied until they become liney and disturbing. Every little plain surface is paneled in most tiresome fashion. It is as if draftsmen had come to hate a white spot on a piece of paper or a blank space on a wall and to feel obliged to cover every bit of their drawings with something, preferably mere lines. As a result the architecture as executed is endlessly tricked out, fussy and finicky—mere virtuosity.—Architectural Record. China, Japan and Religion. The religion of China is Confucianism, an ethical system founded by Confucius about 550 B. C. Another religion which has a large following is Taoism, and a form of Buddhism is followed by many. In Japan the chief religion is that of Buddha, which is, however, comparatively modern. Another and older faith exists, called Shinto or Shinsyu. The word shinto is equivalent to spirit worship. Her Chance. Mrs. Suphrage—Our society has appointed me chairman of a committee whose object it is to bring about a reduction in rents. Mr. Suphrage—I'm very glad to hear it, my dear. When we get home you can begin on my trousers—Philadelphia Ledger. Mysterious Disappearance. "Ma, did I eat the hole in the doughnut too?" "No, dear; a hole cannot be eaten." "Well, then, what became of it?"—Boston Transcript. Eela. A student of fish culture says that two pounds of newborn eels will yield in three years about six tons of edible fish. worth $1,000. Yesterday's successes belong to yesterday, with all yesterday's defeats and sorrows. Make today count. Beautiful Land of Alsace. This land of Alsace is in many respects the most beautiful that I have ever seen. Strung along the horizon like sentinels wrapped in mantles of green, the peaks of the Vosges loom against the sky. On the slopes of the ridges, massed in their black battalions, stand forests of spruce and pine. Through peaceful valleys silver streams meander leisurely, and in the meadows which border them cattle stand knee deep amid the lush green grass. The villages, their tortuous, cobble paved streets, lined on either side by dim arcades, and the old, old houses, with their turrets and balconies and steep pitched pottery roofs, give you the feeling that they are not real, but that they are scenery on a stage, and this illusion is heightened by the men in their jaunty berets and wooden sabots, and the women whose huge black silk headdresses accentuate the freshness of their complexions. It is at once a region of ruggedness and majesty and grandeur, of quaintness and simplicity and charm.-F. Alexander Powell in Scribner's Magazine. Japan's Dragon Lamps. Japan abounds with sacred places—Shintoist and Buddhist—formerly reputed for the appearances of the so-called "dragon's lamp." This is a mysterious light that comes out of a pond, lake or sea and alights on a certain tree, mostly on a certain night. It was held that the light was dedicated by a dragon dwelling in the water to a god whose shrine stood near the trees. For example, the famous Ryuto of the temple of Avalokitesvara on Nagusa hill, province of Kili, made its annual ascent from the sea to a pine tree in the precincts every ninth night of the seventh moon. At the midnight of the 16th of every month a Ryuto came from the northeast offing to the so called "dragon's lamp pine," near the shrine of Mandjusri at Kiredo, province of Tango, whereas on the same tree another light, named "Celestial lamp," made its descent from the heavens every sixteen night of the first. fifth and ninth months. Exchange. Last Chance "It is said," he remarked reflectively, "that women's hands are growing larger." "Well?" she returned inquiringly. "Yes," he asserted. "And the worst of it is that there is every likelihood that this tendency will continue." "Yes?" she said in the same inquiring tone. "Yes," he repeated. "You see, driving and golf and tennis and other sports that women have recently taken up are responsible for it." "In that case," she said, with a glance at her own dainty hands, "you'd better speak quick if you want a small one." He realized that it was the opportunity of a lifetime, and he spoke promptly.—Chicago Herald. Leaping Treason. King William III. of England was passionately fond of the chase and made it a point never to be outdone in any leap, however perilous. A Mr. Cherry, who was devoted to the exiled Stuarts, took advantage of this to plan the most remarkable design which was ever formed against a king's life. He regularly joined the royal hounds, put himself foremost and took the most desperate leaps in the hope that William might break his neck in following him. One day, however, he accomplished one so imminently dangerous that the king when he came to the spot shook his head and drew back. It is said that Mr. Cherry at length broke his own neck and thereby relieved the king from further hazard. Salt In Roumania Veritable mountains of salt are to be seen in some sections of Roumania, for the salt deposits cover an enormous area and have a thickness varying from 600 even to 800 feet. At Sarat there is a mountain of salt, and steam shovels can be used to load the waiting cars. In other cases the gallery system is employed, and electrically driven machines turn out blocks a cubic yard in size, like great pieces of granite. Nat Necessarily "You say this motorist took you to a hospital after he ran you down?" "Yes." "Nothing could be kinder." "Maybe not, but he didn't have to run me down, did he, just to show me he had a kind heart?"—Birmingham Age-Herald. The Arabic Language The Arabic used in the Koran differs as much from the Arabic used in ordinary conversation and intercourse in the east as Latin differs from Italian. The Koran Arabic is that of the literary classes; colloquial Arabic is that of the common people. A Helpful Wife. "Now, hubby, I want to be helpful," said the bride. "Bless my little wife!" "So whenever you have any coupons to be clipped you may turn that work over to me."—Louisville Courier-Journal Not Clear to Paw Little Lemuel—Say, paw, can any one see through glass? Paw—Certainly, son. Little Lemuel—Then why can't Uncle Joe see through his glass eye?—Exchange. A Reason. "Why do writers always talk of angry flames?" "Because, if you notice, flames are usually put out."-Baltimore American. THE BROAD AX. CHICAGO. JANUARY 22. 1916 Fire Versus Life Insurance Fire Versus Life Insurance. Of the 12,000,000 or so dwellings in the United States 96 per cent are protected—at least to some extent—by fire insurance. But of our 100,000,000 inhabitants only 18 per cent have taken out life insurance policies. Men seem to be more uneasy over the mere possibility of the burning of their houses than over the stern certainty that death will some day overtake them. This is a strange contradiction in human nature. To safeguard the nation's material possessions is well, but how much more valuable than the homes are the human lives of the country! In this age, when the principles of life insurance are so well understood, there should be no such discrepancy between the number of homes and of lives insured. In many instances the former could not be saved from foreclosure were the earners of incomes to pass away leaving the families unprovided for. It is as much the duty of every man to insure his life as to insure his property, and if he has no insurable property there is all the more reason for insuring his life—Leslie's. How to Ride. In riding sit erect and don't slouch along. Don't try to be a cowboy if you are not. We have the real simon pure cowpunchers and broncho busters; also we have the tin horn variety of the same species. Steer clear of the latter; also be careful not to get into this category yourself. Remember that a horse is only flesh and blood and not a machine. He gets tired, hungry and thirsty, and for goodness' sake, treat him accordingly. Because he is a lively horse and you are paying his hire, treat him white just the same. Remember that some one else rode him yesterday, and another will probably do so tomorrow. Give your horse the same kind of a deal you yourself would demand if you were in its place. Even a broncho has feelings and will appreciate your thoughtfulness. -Outing. One Misery of Anglo-Indian Life Every night at dinner the Anglo-Indian holds a kind of levee. The insects which attend dance gayly draw the lamp, and one has to watch one's plate and glass carefully lest some of the insects should dance into them. There is one insect—a little, flat, brown, shining creature—which emits the worst odor in the world. If one of these touches your food the whole is tainted and rendered inedible. You dare not kill these pests, for if one be squashed the whole room becomes filled with its disgusting smell and is uninhabitable for the next half hour. So these abominable insects fly about with impunity, while the poor Anglo-Indian must perforce look helplessly on and inwardly sigh "spero mellora."—London Saturday Review. If a Naturalist Painted. If I were to paint the short days of winter I should paint two towering icebergs approaching each other like promontories, for morning and evening, with cavernous recesses and a solitary traveler wrapping his cloak about him and bent forward against the driving storm, just entering the narrow pass. I would paint the light of a taper at midday, seen through a cottage window, half buried in snow and frost. In the foreground should be seen the sowers in the fields and other evidences of spring. On the right and left of the approaching icebergs the heavens should be shaded off from the light of midday to midnight with its stars, the sun being low in the sky.—Henry David Thoreau. The Lyre Bird. The fully developed male lyre bird is one of the most handsome and notable of the forms of bird life of Queensland. The contour of the bird, with its long neck and stout gallinaceous feet, is by no means unlike that of a peacock, and the wonderful tail, possessed only by the male birds, fulfills a corresponding role of vain display. The bird executes antics for a train of female admirers on a raised earthen mound. For a short period of the year, about January, the lyre bird loses its characteristic plumes and has to be content with the sober plumage of its mate. Internal Portraiture An art patroness was gushing over a portrait in the presence of the artist. portrait in the presence of the artist. "I do not know how it is," she said, "but when you paint a portrait you seem to put more into it than any one else can see." "Madam," he exclamel in a rhapsody, "it is not faces alone that I paint; it is souls!" "Oh," she replied cuttingly, for his enthusiasm was too warm, "you do interiors, do you?"—Exchange. Cold Mixtures One of the coldest mixtures known is made by adding three pounds of murate of lime to one pound of snow. Three pounds of snow added to one pound of salt make the mixture fall thirty-two degrees below freezing point. Easy Saving. In Argentina a postal savings bank account can be opened by depositing one paper dollar, but after that sums of mere fractions of a cent may be entered by purchase of a stamp. Who Knows? A little girl, finishing her breakfast, looked up and asked, "Mother, what is hash when it is alive?"—Chicago Herald. The lucky man is the one who sees and grasps his opportunity.—Old Saying. Exploding Ice. To make a piece of ice explode the first step is to put on a plate a lump of clear ice about as large as your first. Then with a reading glass or the lens of a magnifying glass focus the sun's rays so that the bright spot of light is exactly in the center of the lump. In a little time the ice will begin to melt from the inside, and after a few moments a small cavity will appear, for the ice, having expanded in freezing, will not take up so much room when melted. The cavity, being entirely surrounded by ice, will be a partial vacuum, filed with a watery vapor of very low pressure. When you have melted a large cavity lay the glass aside and let the ice melt in the sun. Turn it occasionally so that it will be sure to melt evenly round the cavity. After awhile the cavity will be surrounded by a thin shell of ice. Then, because of the great pressure on the outside (about fifteen pounds to the square inch), the thin walls will suddenly collapse, and the ice will fly in all directions—Youth's Companion. The Colder Hemisphere. Dr. George C. Simpson of the Indian meteorological service at Simla, in India, who asserted that the southern hemisphere is much colder than the northern, gives in the Scientific American the reasons on which he bases his opinion. The air is warmed not by the rays of the sun, which simply pass through it, but by the earth, which absorbs the rays. Now, in the northern hemisphere there is much land to absorb the energy of the sun and to give heat to the air. In the southern hemisphere there is much less land, and all the land within the antarctic circle is permanently covered with ice, which forms a virtually perfect reflector and which sends back into space most of the solar energy that falls upon it. Five million square miles of the earth's surface in the southern hemisphere reflect into space a large part of the energy received from the sun—a fact that in itself is enough to account for a considerable difference in temperature. A Painter's Broken Arm A friend once entered the studio of George Inness, the American landscape painter, while he was at work and remarked that the picture on the easel seemed to him much better than certain former works of the artist. "Right!" said Inness. "This is going to be one of my best things, and the reason is that I have had the good luck to break my right arm and am obliged to paint with my left hand. You see," he added, showing his right hand in a sling, "this hand had become so darned clever that I could not catch up with it, and it painted away without me, while this hand"—showing the left, with which he held his brush—"is awkward and can do nothing without me." In the Same Boat: Sam had come home from school, hungry, as usual. Tossing his-spelling book on the kitchen table, he hastened to the pantry and began an investigation of cake box, cupboards and cooky jar. Suddenly the back doorbell rang. Leaving his unprofitable search, Samuel went to answer. On the steps stood an unshaven, long haired man whose clothes needed a tailor and a laundry worker. "I'm hungry," began the stranger in a low, aggrieved tone, "and should like somethin' to eat." "Well, so'm I." confided the boy, "but you know I've been a-huntin' for ten minutes an' hain't found a thing!"—Judge. Too Late. After the guests had waited for half an hour in a Berkshire church for the bride to arrive messengers were dispatched to the livery stable to try to discover what had happened. The liveryman, made to understand that he had omitted to send a carriage to her house, acknowledged that all the blame rested on him and apologized in many fashion, but when they suggested that he should proceed to remedy the delay he failed to see the point. "What'll be the use o' fetchin' in 'er now?" he argued. "The service 'll be 'art over." -London Globe Those Who Ride. In all situations of life into which I have looked I have found mankind divided into two grand parties, those who ride and those who are ridden. The great struggle in life seems to be which shall keep in the saddle. This, it appears to me, is the fundamental principle of politics, whether in great or little life. -From "The Young Man of Great Expectations," by Washington Irving. Appearances. It is the appearances that fill the scene, and we pause not to ask of what realities they are the proxies. When the actor of Athens moved all hearts as he clasped the burial urn and burst into broken sobs how few then knew that it held the ashes of his son!—Bulwer-Lytton. Caught. "Herbert, you weren't listening to what I said." "Er—what makes you think that, darling?" "I asked you if you could let me have $100, and you smiled and said, 'Yes, dearest.'"—Life. One Thing Left Wife—Have you shut up everything for the night? Husband (meekly)—I'm sorry to say, dear, that I haven't—New York Sun. Oh, life! An age to the miserable, a moment to the happy.—Bacon. How Prussia Was Reforested. There was no need of celebrating Arbor day in Prussia in the days when Friedrich Wilhelm I. was king, for that monarch had a plan all his own by which he replenished the forests and kept the country well supplied with fruit trees. According to Das Buch fur Alle, the king, having observed that there was a great dearth of fruit and oak trees in Prussia and not being willing to undertake the tremendous expense of reforesting the country himself issued an order to all clergymen that, after June 21, 1720, they should refuse to perform any marriage ceremony unless the groom could produce evidence that he had just planted six fruit trees and an equal number of oaks. If it was in winter or in the middle of a dry summer, when plants would not grow, the groom had to produce and lay aside a sum of money sufficient to cover the cost of the trees and promise to plant the required number when fall or spring came. The edict worked wonders. The next generation in Prussia had no lack of fruit and oak trees. Naming a Novel. "The thing to do," said the literary man, "is to call your novel after the name of the leading character." "Why?" asked the youngest novelist. "Because the best and the most successful novels always have such names," the other replied. "Take the great novelists. The greatest book of each gets its title from the leading character's name. "Instances are easy to give. What is the best novel of Dickens? It is 'David Copperfield.' What is the best novel of Thackeryan? It is 'Henry Esmond.' What is the best novel of Scott? It is 'Ivanhoe.' What is the best novel of Thomas Hardy? 'Tess of the D'Urbervilles.' Of George Meredith? 'The Ordeal of Richard Feverel.' Of Rider Haggard? 'Allan Quatermain.' Of Tolstoy? 'Anna Karenina.'"—New York Post. Only One Athens Now. There is and has been for many centuries only one Athens. But antiquity knew no fewer than nine cities or towns of that name in various parts of Greece, and even in the time of Plautus it was sometimes felt necessary to distinguish the great one as "Attic Athens." It was natural that Greek cities should take their name from Athena, the goddess of wisdom, warlike prowess and skill in the arts of life, who, according to some legends, herself founded the City of the Violent Crown. Others ascribed the naming of the city to Theseus or other mythical kings. The "s" of the termination is a real plural, for the city was given a plural name (Athenai), as being made up of several constituent parts.—London Chronicle. Courting In Spain In sunny Spain etiquette is so very restrictive in the matter of courtship that it is a wonder that young people ever manage to get married at all. Even when, after many difficulties, the engagement is accomplished, the parents have a deciding voice in fixing the date, and, as they prefer long engagements, the wedding day is usually fixed somewhere in the dim future. The best man and maid of honor are expected not only to fulfill the usual duties, but to contribute—sometimes very substantially—to the expenses of the wedding feast. Wedding cake is unknown, but instead packets of sugared almonds are distributed among the guests and sent by post to those who are unable to be present.—Kansas City Star. A Tiger Story. There is a story current at Kuloang, central China, about a tiger which gave trouble in that quarter. A missionary and his wife had been worried by the tiger prowling nightly around their home. They determined to be rid of it and one night tied a cow up in the back yard and a dog at the front of the house. Then they armed themselves with guns and kept watch. The tiger appeared. The missionary fired and killed the cow. The wife rushed to see what had happened, and in her absence the tiger ate the dog—Exchange. Lazy Idleness Beware of lazy idleness. It will have its effect on your whole system. It brings on degeneration of the muscles and the internal organs, sometimes resulting in an unhealthy accumulation of fat and sometimes in internal adhesion. In some constitutions it results in shrinkage and premature old age. Within Reason Mistress—Jane, didn't you hear the doorbell? New Servant—Yes, mum. Mistress—Then why don't you go to the door? New Servant—Deed, mum. I can't expectin' nobody to call on me. It must be somebody to see yourself, mum.—Passing Show. Evil Enough. There is evil enough in man, God knows, but it is not the mission of every young man and woman to detail and report it all. Keep the atmosphere as pure as possible and fragrant with gentleness and charity. Dr. John Hall. Different. Larry- My wife went away yesterday morning. Harry- Is that what makes you look so glum? Larry- No; she came back last night- Exchange Roaring Business Roaring Business. "He does a roaring business." "What's his line?" "He blows the megaphone on a sight seeling bus." - Club Fellow. Instinct of Blackbirds. While residing in the country some years ago and walking out one evening, I found a nest of young blackbirds. The young birds were almost fledged. Taking them home with me, I put them in a cage and the next morning hung them out under a tree, and in about an hour I saw the old birds at the cage, evidently delighted to find their young. The old birds came regularly every two hours and fed them with worms and grubs. This continued for two days, the old birds trying all in their power to get the young ones out. On the third day. I noticed the old birds bring a berry, which they gave the young ones, two of which died that evening and the rest next day. The old birds then left off coming. The berries on examination proved to be the seeds of the Atropa belladonna or deadly nightshade. This convinced me of what I had heard about these birds destroying their young if allowed to feed them in imprisonment. I am told that other birds have the same instinct.—Liverpool Post. Sincerity In Art Only an honest book can live; only absolute sincerity can stand the test of time. Any selfish or secondary motive vitiates a work of art, as it vitiates a religious life. Indeed, I doubt if we fully appreciate the literary value of the stable, fundamental human virtues and qualities—probity, directness, simplicity, sincerity, love. There are just as much room and need for the exercise of these qualities in the making of a book as in the building of a house or in a business career. How conspicuous they are in all the enduring books—in Bunyan, in Walton, in Defore, in the Bible! It is they that keep alive such a book as "Two Years Before the Mast," which Stevenson pronounced the best sea story in the language, as it undoubtedly is.—John Burroughs. How to Soften the Elbows. Sometimes a woman who has a pretty arm is troubled with dark, rough elbows and coarse skin on the back of the arm just above the elbow. In either case it will take some time to restore the original soft white flesh. Purchase some liquid green soap, which is really yellow in color, make a good lather with it and rub it well into the skin. Leave it on for about five minutes, then rub it off thoroughly with warm water and dry very carefully. Careless drying of this part of the arms is the usual cause of the roughened skin. After the cleansing apply a skin food, rubbing it in well. If the harsh surface does not yield readily rub the rough place with a pumice stone, then treat as described. —Woman's World. Saved the Scene John Galsworthy, the English playwright, tells of the wit of an actor named Littledale, who in one play had to leap into a river to escape a wild beast. "The stage was so arranged that the river was invisible. Littledale's leap usually ended on a soft mattress in the wings. while a rock was dropped into a tub of water to create a splash. Everything went on all right at rehearsal, and the night of actual performance came. When poor Littledale jumped he fell eight feet and landed on an oaken floor with a crash. "The audience set up a titter. But the heroic Littledale was quite equal to the occasion. 'Heavens,' he shouted, 'the water's frozen.'" Much the Simpler Plan Mr. Newedd—Well, we are beginning housekeeping, and I presume the simplest plan will be for me to give you a regular amount every week for expenses. Just figure up what it will cost. Mrs. Newedd—I could never do that in the world—so many things to count. you know—but let me see. Oh, I have it! I have thought of a much simpler plan. "All right, my angel! What is it?" "You figure up what it will cost you for car fare and lunches and give me the rest."—New York Weekly. Florence Nightingale. There is a story that after the return to England of the troops from the Crimea Lord Strutford at a dinner suggested that those present should write on a piece of paper the name of the person whose Crimean reputation would endure longest. When the votes came to be examined it was found that not a single soldier had received a vote. Every paper bore the same two words—Florence Nightingale. La Politesse The Fair One—Oh, I wished I had lived a hundred years ago. The Other One—But then you would be a long time dead and would not be sitting here happily by my side. The Fair One—True, true! So I couldn't! For give me, dearest! New York Post. The Greatest Financier "Who was the greatest financier ever known?" "Noah, because he floated his stock when the whole world was in liquidation." Accommodating Jinks—Have you got quarters for a dollar, old man? Winks—My vest pocket is rather crowded, but pass it over and I will try to make room for it. Hope. When Thales was asked what is most universal he answered hope, for hope stays with those who have nothing else. —Epictetus. The normal school turns out professors of philosophy. Only the school of life produces philosophers. Leach's Storage Warehouse Main Office 4430 So. State St. All Phones Oakland 3784 QUINADE GROWS HAIR REMOVES DANDRUFF SEND FOR SAMPLE QUINASOAP THE IDEAL SHAMPOO SOAP THOROUGHLY CLEANSES THE SCALP QUINACOMB HAIR, STRAIGHTENER SHAMPOO DRYER QUINADE 25¢ QUINACOMB 50¢ QUINASOAP 25¢ AT ALL DRUGGISTS SEEBY DRUG COMPANY, NEW YORK CITY, N.Y. THE SANITARY and SHIP CANAL Length - - - - - 32 Miles Depth - - - - - 22 Feet Width - - - 162 to 290 Feet THE CANAL OFFERS: Industrial Locations, Dock Facilities, Water Transportation, Railroad Connections, Electric Power, Concrete Building Material. Direct Connection with St. Louis via the Illinois River and Direct Connection with the Gulf via the Illinois and Mississippi Rivers. Electric Energy Created from Water Power for the Modern Factory Means Efficiency and Economy. THOMAS A. SMYTH, - President JOHN McGILLEN, - - Chief Clerk F. D. CONNERY, - - Comptroller Karpen Building 900 So. Michigan Ave., CHICAGO WALTHAM WATCHES 10 11 12 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Leach's S Main Office 4430 So. St O ELGIN or WALTHAM 20 and 25 year cases, 7 and 15 jewels $7.95 and $10.95 C. L. LANDE 518 S. State St. Tel. Douglas 7587 C. L. LANDE 3518 S. State St. Tel. Douglas 7587 SPECIAL RATES ON STORAGE of Household Goods, Pianos and Trunks For the next thirty days to fill our New Warehouse we are giving Special Rates FIRST MONTH STORAGE FREE PIANO in room alone with dust-proof cover on each one. Household goods in private room, each piece burlapped before putting away. We guarantee your furniture to come out of storage in just as good condition as it went in, whether it be one month or one year. Storage Warehouse State St. All Phones Oakland 3784 PHONE DOUGLAS 6626 GABRIEL FRANCHERE, Jr. SHOES FOR LADIES, MEN AND CHILDREN SHORT VAMP SPECIALTIES 3109 S. State St. Chicago THE BROAD AX, CHICAGO, JANUARY 22, 1916 The man who is living this life on schedule time deserves to be an object of pity. I know of one creature who is so precise in his appointments that he is actually living a month in advance of himself. You say to him, "Whatchergonado tomorrow noon, Bill?" and he'll consult his little vest pocket engagement book and inform you that he is filled up as far as next Wednesday at 10 p. m (meaning engagements, of course). Then you say, "I wanted you to lunch with me tomorrow at 12." "Let me see," says he; "I have a minute fifteen cancelled engagement at that time, so I'll accept your invitation. Meanwhile you'll excuse me, dear boy, for I have a directors' meeting on at 4:22 and leave for Goplunk, N. J., at 5:48, but I'll be on hand at 12 sharp." And he records it in his book. This schedule crank has everything prearranged except his funeral, and if he happens to have a previous engagement I'll wager he'll disappoint the mourners by postponing that—Cartoons Magazine. Using the Expression "I Think." Using the Expression "I Think" A man was referred to as one who in his conversation never says "I think" so and so. The "think" is a mere expletive. A positive, clear headed man says what he thinks without saying he thinks. Besides, when a person premises with an "I think" it weakens his assertion because thinking is by no means an assurance of truth. If one should say "I think it will rain tomorrow" the very expression carries a doubt because mere opinion is a lame matter, and the world is chock full of opinions. If, however, he should say "It will rain tomorrow" it carries some assurance even if it is, after all, an opinion. So the man referred to in the first place doesn't say "I think," for it is entirely superfluous, and he adds force and dignity to what he says in omitting it entirely. And then when one looks at the situation calmly he will conclude that "think" is much under a cloud since very few people think exactly alike. There are ten thousand instances of this character—Ohio State Journal. Beauty In the Mexican's Voice. Next to the love of dress, I was most struck with the fineness of the voice and the beauty of intonations of both sexes (of the Mexicans). It is a pleasure simply to listen to the sound of the language before I could attach any meaning to it. They have a good deal of the creole drawl, but it is varied, with an occasional extreme rapidity of utterance, in which they seem to skip from consonant to consonant until, lighting upon a broad open vowel, they rest upon that to restore the balance of sound. A common bullock driver delivering a message seemed to speak like an ambassador at an audience. In fact, they sometimes appeared to me to be a people on whom a curse had fallen and stripped them of everything but their pride, their manner and their voices.—"Three Years Before the Mast," by R. H. Dana. Curious Golf Shot The late lord chief justice, Lord Alverstone, being one of the judges at the Birmingham assizes, in the intervals of business had several rounds of golf on the Edgaston links. On one of these occasions he was playing with the local professional and got rather badly bunkered at the second hole. It was necessary, in order to get the ball out, to make it rise almost perpendicularly into the air, and for this purpose Lord Alverstone, or Sir Richard Webster, as he then was, took his nibble and made a mighty stroke. No conjurer on earth could have done a trick more neatly. The ball not only leaped into the air, but dropped as clean as a whistle into the judge's baggy right hand pocket!—London Mall. Asphalt Paving. Asphalt as paving is the commonest commercial use of the mineral today, and yet its successful employment in the field of road making is of comparatively recent date. The first compressed rock asphalt roadway was laid in Paris in 1854, while it was 1876 before the first similar type of road making was used on Pennsylvania avenue, in Washington. The Luxury of Disdain. "He hasn't any," replied Mr. Growcher. "That's why I keep him around. I'm shy on distinguished ancestry myself, and I enjoy having a creature at hand whom I can contemplate with supercillious superiority."—Washington Star. Reversing the Usual Order. "Do you know, Jones does some uncommonly queer things—anything to be different from other people." "Like what, for instance?" "Why, he's just put a mortgage on his limousine to have repairs made on his house." Baltimore American. Shapes. "I purchased a lovely round oak dining table this morning," said Mrs. Hasher. "That being the case," rejoined the star boarder, "I suppose we need expect no more square meals."—Indianapolis Star. Thawa and Gold. It is colder in a thaw than in a frost because when water freezes it parts with its heat to the air, which thus feels warmer. In a thaw heat is absorbed from the air. Accommodating. Diner—I'll have an order of chicken. Walter—Very sorry, sir, but the chicken is out. Diner—Dwell, I'll wait till it returns. I'm in no hurry. — Boston Transcript. Life Struggle of the Trees. An interesting light is thrown on the longevity of the trees that grow along the timber line of the Rocky mountains by Mr. Enos A. Mills in his "Rocky Mountain Wonderland." He says: A few timber line trees live a thousand years. Out half this time is a ripe old age for most of the timber line veterans. The age of these trees cannot be judged by their size or by their general appearance. There may be centuries of difference in the ages of two arm in arm trees of similar size. I examined two trees that were growing within a few yards of each other in the shelter of a crag. One was fourteen feet high and sixteen inches in diameter and had 337 annual rings. The other was seven feet high and five inches in diameter and had lived 492 years. One day by the sunny and sheltered side of a bowler I found a tiny seed bearer at an altitude of 11,800 feet. How splendidly unconscious it was of its size and its utterly wild surroundings! This brave pine bore a dainty cone, yet a drinking glass would have completely housed both the tree and its fruit. Conversing With "Ghosts." Some scientists of real eminence have accepted the postulate of the individuality and self consciousness of the soul after the death of the body and have attempted to demonstrate their belief by asserting communication with these disembodied spirits. Sir William Crookes, a profound deliver in chemistry pertaining to radio-activity, asserted years ago that he had communication with souls of dead friends, but for several years he has been silent anent this matter. Camille Flammarion, a rather speculative and sensational astronomer, declares that he has seen and conversed with the "ghosts" of dead friends. Professor William James, brother of Henry James, the novelist, promised before he died that if possible he would communicate with his friend Professor Hysiop, both eminent psychologists, but at last accounts the soul of Professor James had not spoken.—Exchange. Fangs of a Snake. Examine the finest cambric needle under a high power microscope and its point will look rough and blunt. A snake's fang similarly inspected appears perfectly smooth and sharp. In each fang is a groove which connects by a tube with a sort of bag—the poison gland—just beneath the eye. When the snake strikes a muscular contraction simultaneously forces the venom out of the bag through the tube and along the groove into the flesh of the person attacked. Snake poison, generally speaking, has two distinct effects. It destroys in some mysterious way the fibrin of the blood, thereby causing the latter to behave as if diluted and to filter through the walls of the veins and arteries. In addition, it paralyzes the nerve centers and so affects the heart, sometimes bringing death by suffocation. Pantomime Performances Most pantomime characters were originally borrowed from the Italians. The first real English pantomime was produced at a theater in Lincoln's Inn Fields in 1720. It was called "Harlequin Executed," and its subtitle was "A New Italian Comic Scene Between a Scaramouche, a Harlequin, a Country Farmer, His Wife and Others." The performance was very successful. About the middle of the eighteenth century the character of pantomime performances was completely altered, chiefly because of the genius of the famous Grimaldi, who made the clown the first figure in the pantomime. Grimaldi first appeared at Sadler's Wells theater, where he played the part of a monkey. He was actively engaged on the stage for forty-nine years. Odor of Iodoform It is said that the odor of iodoform can be removed from the hands and utensils by mustard. While the hands are wet (moisten them with cold water) place a small quantity of dry mustard powder in the palm and rub it well over the hands and then wash off with soap and water. For utensils the mustard must be made like a paste and allowed to remain spread on them for several hours. The Needless Needle. "Now, ma," said the young man who was showing his visiting mother the wonderful sights of the city, "would you like to go into the park and see Cleopatra's Needle?" "I didn't know that hussy ever used a needle. She didn't spend much time sewing, from the scanty wardrobe she had in all the pictures of her that I ever saw."—Judge. System All Right. "I used to think I would know just how to manage my wife when I got her." "Has your system proved to be a failure?" "No; the system is all right, so far as I know. She has never let me try it." —Stray Stories. Four Counties Inn. In the Four Counties inn, in England, it is possible to eat in Leicestershire, sleep in Staffordshire, drink in Warwickshire and smoke in Derbyshire without leaving the building. Horses and Music. The musical acuteness of horses is shown by the rapidity with which cavalry horses learn the significance of trumpet calls. Friendship may and often does grow into love, but love never subsides into friendship. LINCOLN STATE BANK OF CHICAGO CAPITAL, $200,000.00 A CENTER FOR BANK A PUBLIC FORUM FOR DIGITAL NICKELS CENTS This Registering Home Bank FREE to our Savings Depositors; will start you saving and keep you at it. A Savings Account is the first step to wealth. OPEN one with US. NOTARY PUBLIC Faustin S. Delany Attorney and Counselor at Law 312 S. Clark St., Suite 422 CHICAGO COLLECTIONS A SPECIALTY Res. 4510 St. Lawrence Ave. Tel. Drexel 5260 PHONES: OFFICE. MAIN 4153 AUTOMATIC 33-736 RESIDENCE, DREXEL 7990 Walter M. Farmer ATTORNEY AT LAW SUITE 708, 184 WASHINGTON ST. NOTARYPUBLIC CHICAGO Office Phones: Res. 5133 So. Walash Ave. Oakland 4662, Auto. T3-658 Phone Drexel 18815 4709 S. STATE STREET CHICAGO Hours 9 A. M. to 5 P. M., 7 P. M. to 9 P. M. Sundays by Appointment Phone Main 2017 Automatic 32-395 Phone Main 2017 Automatic 32-395 A. L. WILLIAMS ATTORNEY AND COUNSELOR AT LAW Suite 706 Firmenich Bldg. 184 W. Washington St. Residence 5548 Jefferson Av. Phone Midway 5515 Chicago THE BROAD AX CAN BE FOUND ON SALE AT THE FOLLOWING NEWS STANDS: From on and after this date The Broad Ax, can be found on sale at the following news stands: N. C. Chalmers, cigars, tobacco, notion store and news stand, 5012 S. State street. L. E. Chilton, news stand, S. E. corner 51st and State streets. S. Berenbaum, Cigars, Notions and News Stand; 31 W. 51 Street, near Dearborn. E. H. Faulkner, news agency; 3109 S. State street. George I Martin, maker of fine cigars and news stand, 18 W. 31st St., near State. R. E. Harvey's barber shop and news stand, 3924 State street. W. M. Maxwell, notions, cigars, tobacco, confections and news stand, 5244 State St. Edward Felix, notions, cigars and news stand, 52 W. 30th St. F. Bishop, cigars, tobacco and news stand, 3 W. 27th St., near State. Sylvester McGloffin, news stand and laundry office, 4122 State St. William Gaughan, laundry office cigars, tobacco and news stand, 2636 State St. E. M. Oliver, notions, cigars and news stand, 15 W. 36th Street, near State. A. D. Hayes, cigars, tobacco, notions, stationery and news stand, 3640 S. State St. George McFaro, shee shining parlors and news stand. 3800½ State street. BANK OF CHICAGO STATE SUPER VISION TH STATE STREET CHICAGO, ILL. Douglas 200 SURPLUS, $20,000.00 Commercial Banking Savings and Checking Accounts Foreign Exchange Safety Deposit Vaults Mortgages and Bonds 3 Per Cent Interest on Savings Deposits Your Patronage Solicited Depository and Correspondent Continental & Commercial National Bank of Chicago, Illinois. A. D. GASH ATTORNEY AT LAW 118 North La Salle St., Chicago Suite 615 to 616 PHONE MAIN 2214 Residence 1262 Macalister Place Telephone Monroe 2714 MILES J. DEVINE ATTORNEY AT LAW Suite 313-329 Reaper Block Clark & Washington Sts. Phones Central 239 Auto. 41-916 CHICAGO Franklin A. Denison ATTORNEY AT LAW 36 West Randolph St., Chicago Suite 708 Delaware Building Tel. Central 3142 Phone FRANKLIN 2727 AUTO: 41-543 Res. 508 E. 36th St. Phone Douglas 4397 25 N. Dearborn St. Union Bank Building Suite 311 CHICAGO FRANK DUNN J. B. McCAHEY Trustees Established 1877 TEL. OAKLAND 1550, 1551, 1552 JOHN J. DUNN WHOLESALE COAL RETAIL Fifty-First and Armour Avenue RAILYARDS 51st St. and L. S. & M. S. 51st St. and Armour Ave. CHICAGO T. B. Hall, Laundry office, cigars, tobacco and news stand. 3618 South State street. Fred M. Waterfield, cigars, tobacco, notions and news stand, 5202 South State street. Coleman & Glanton, cigars, tobacco and news stand, 3342 S. State street. Miss E. M. McClain, hair dressing parlor and news stand. 30 W. 39th street. F. M. Diffay, cigars, tobacco, notions and news stand. 3605 St. street. Nothing but an American. When I look back on the shifting scenes of my life, if I am not that altogether deplorable creature, a man without a country, I am, when it comes to pull and prestige, almost equally bereft, as I am a man without a state. I was born in Indiana, I grew up in Illinois, I was educated in Rhode Island, and it is no blame to that scholarly community that I know so little. I learned my law in Springfield and my politics in Washington, my diplomacy in Europe, Asia and Africa. I have a farm in New Hampshire and desk room in the District of Columbia. When I look to the springs from which my blood descends the first ancestors I ever heard of were a Scotchman who was half English and a German woman who was half French. Of my immediate progenitors my mother was from New England and my father was from the south. In this bewilderment of origin and experience I can only put on an aspect of deep humility in any gathering of favorite sons and confess that I am nothing but an American.—From "The Life and Letters of John Hay" in Harper's Magazine. PAGE EIGHT THE BROAD AX, CHICAGO, JANUARY 22, 1916. =——————————————EEe—eEEESESEEEhEHhE||E|E|S|S|S|SESESESESESE|E|E|SlSE|||"[S[SSSSSSSE>E>E>7>»yculEEE ’ E Sass pos 3 meas (January Clearing Sale D TEENAN JONES PLAC = “ae ae ae a ee ef All goods must be sold at cost price & \ ee 7. 3 } 3445 SOUTH Dee STREET P 8 ; N pl eee Nemo Corsets aia Telephone Douglas 4591 an al va eva , B \ —_ = ee A ore eee $1 89 acut $2 89 J if aq The finest and most UP-TO-DATE| 8 , er | — — / ry ae BUFFET and CAFE on the South| (@@a3 = eae | a ae Side. -First-Class Entertainers. ae Ss | Ruttenberg’s MPN \3 \ HENRY “TEENAN” JONES, Proprietor. | CarriesCompicie usralto Any eee ComoteryandRetara Dry Goods Store ™36\\\ A. F.copozoe, pouatas 6971 {FPOCREEDOCCEEEEIOCCEREEOCCEEEEDO OREO The Elite Cafe [ 8 AND BUFFET ; 5 Jes yes eee ee 3030 STATE STREET - - CHICAGO JOHW BLOOK!, Presigent F. W. BLOCK, Treasurer JOHN BLOCK! & SON PERFUMERS SS — GO 10 C. E. KREYSSLER, Druggist > 5057 South State Street NOT ON THE CORNER FOR HIGH GRADE DRUGS, CHEMICALS AND MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS All Prescriptions Carefully Compounded ALSO CARRY A FULL LINE OF BLOCKI’S IDEAL & BLOCKI’S FLOWER IN BOTTLE PERFUMES . Rhinecerce Mara. In Sumatra the horn of the rhinoce: res is esteemed as an antidote to pol son and on that account is made into @rinking cups. ‘The Land of Large Families. In his article on the winter life of the French Canadians in Harper's Howard E. Smith tells of the ex- traordinary large families of these simple folk. “Soon the twilight grew to night, and the large lamp on the table cast its orange glow over the room and the Jong table filled with steaming dishes. “You have a larze family, madam,’ I remarked, as they gathered about the table. “‘Oui, monsieur, we are sixteen. It 4s a good gift to le bon Dieu, n'est-ce pas? she said, turning toward the cure. “‘Crest vrai, mon enfant. It is. ‘There is no better gift than that of another child to his kingdom.’ “I could not but remember that the law has also encouraged large faml- Mes by passing a bill at Quebee giv- ing ten acres of !and to any family having from that time forth twelve or more children, and how in two years the law was repealed because the de- mand on those ten acre lots was in excess of the supply.” ication Ohene The most distressing of facial de formities, rhinophyma, which is char. acterized by a much swollen and red. dened tip of the nose, making this look like a huge strawberry or a piece of cauliflower that has been dipped in beet juice, may be cured by a simple operation. Sir William Milligan of the Royal infirmary, Manchester, England, describes this in the London Lancet. ‘The operation consists in cutting off all the hypertrophied tissue, while the nasal passages ate kept extended with absorbent woo! in order to preserve their contour. Care is taken to avoid injury to the lateral cartilages, and only two insignificant blood vessels re- quire tying. The raw surface is cov- ered with two thin grafts of skin cut from the patient's thigh, over which a sheet of gold leaf is placed and a dry dressing fastened with adhesive plas- ter. It should be possible to remove the @ressing in five days. See re ee eee eae Language and religion are not the only basis of the intense subdivision of feeling in the Balkans. The whole re- gion is parceled out among race frac- tions, some of which are no larger than hamlet. Roumanians, Bulgarians, Servians and Greeks have a sharp con- sciousness of race persistence, and at the same time every state is intent upon breaking up the race units of oth- er peoples which exist within its bor- ders. If Greece were peopled only by Greeks and Bulgaria by Bulgarians and Servia by Servians, the task would be easier. It is a curse to the peninsula that the villagers have pushed this ‘way and that wherever there was va- cant land or wherever they could make a vacancy by driving out the previous holders. ‘The result is the creation of race islands in the midst of angry race seas.—Albert Bushnell Hart in Outlook. Reconciled. We observe that our friend has 8 bad cold iu his bead, and of course We tell him exactly how to cure it From his pocket he takes a large memorandum book and enters our pre- scription ou one of the final pages thereof. Then he snaps a rubber band- about the book, sneezes and smiles sappily. We observe to him that we ase gied cur ins.ructions for a ewe Rave aiRis him so happy. “It isn’t that,” he says. “Since I got this cold I have written down every sure cure recommended, and when- ever the cold gets so bad I feel as though I couldn't stand it another day I read over all the cures and think how much better is is to have the cold than to endure all the remedies.”— Judge. @prina Flows on Holidava. In a picnic round in the Passate val- ley there is a spring tlt flows only on Sundays and holidays. It used to fow always. Iobert E. Derton, in the pro- ceedings of the Connecticut Society of Civil Engincers, explains this strange performance. When the great slik mills sprang up in the Passaic valley mumer- ous artesian wells were bored into the Ted sandsioue; pumps draw out so much water that it now normally stands below the level of the spring outlet, but on Sundays and holidays the pumps are not working, the water rises above the level of the spring, and this fows azain. Helping Uncle. She came down to the drawing room to meet her special young man with a frown on her pretty face. “John,” she said, “father saw you this mornin xoin into a pawnbroker’s with a large bundle.” Jobn flushed. ‘Then he said in a low voice: “Yes, that is true. | was taking the pawnbroker some of my old clothes. You see, he and his wife are fright- fully hard up.” “Oh, John, forgive me!” exclaimed the young girl. “How truly noble you are!”"—Exchanze. a ae tee The women of Samoa often fish in the sea without nets, boats or books. They simply wade into the water and form themselves into a ring. The fishes being so plentiful, they are almost sure to bave imprisoned some in the ring. These women are very quick and active, and every time they catch @ fish with their hands they simply throw it alive into the basket on their back. Considerate. “Have you ever done anything to make the world happier?” asked the solemn looking person with the unbar- dered hair. “Sure,” answered the jolly man with the double chin. “I was once invited to ‘sing in public and declined.” est call Cin Onin ot Mt “My grandpa had a perplexity fit the other day,” said small Dorothy. “Perplexity fit!” echoed Edward. “You mean a parallel stroke, don’t you?”—Buffalo News. 7 yo. So a. a af Pa a Py s N ie eens n ——— eee Ay Pr Tay Y Seaweed eg er woe aa y = CS ae | eS "___:26-Passenger Auto Funeral Coaches Carries Complete Funeral to Any Local Cemetery and Return Greater Elegance, Half the Cost Save More than Half the High Cost of Carriages and Automobiles Tel. Kenwood 455 Cal Prompliy Anvwered Day or Nit. Auto. 73-867 ERNEST H. WILLIAMSON ravatecuarct ==UNDERTAKER NOTARY PUBLIC 5028-5030 S. State St. Astemotites for At Occasions Chicago, Ill. mx wsoing 1s praying some people are Tecan ying nearly all the time ¥ “ , cas peasng esp sl the te Sod WH| among ine" Srsics vars « | Few things are necessary for the | wants of this life, but it takes an inti- nite number to satisfy the demands of opinion. Yale university is almost a million dollars richer than a year ago, says an exchange, again illustrating the power of knowledge. At least they were good enough to wait until the American doctors cleaned ‘up the typhus in Servia before they re- sumed fighting. Spain has submitted a bid fer the Peace conference. but it may be barred by the statute of limitations before the date for opening the bids arrives. Echoes of the War. The sights of many famous Buropean cities are now spelled “sites.”—Mem phis Commercial Appeal. The declarations of war since the ‘first one in August, 1914, are now twenty-five.—Boston Herald. Why not put Europe's trenches to some good use? They would be an ex. cellent place to bury the hatchet—Chi- cago News. “War is a disguised blessing,” says a preacher. There may be two opin. fons about the blessing, but only one on the effectiveness of the disguise— Wall Street Journal. Lord Kitchener now says that it is a strugzle between Birmingham and the Krupps. The man behind the guns has en Way to the man who makes the Se: Pree Prem, [ to | Bome women wear comdertable @othes. while others dress in style— Macon News. Short skirts for general wear are still cutting in upon the buSiness of the burlesque shows.—Chicazo News. But, at that, perhaps with the women going in for trouserettes the men can't ‘be blamed if they turn to near corsets. Pittsburgh Dispateh “Women in America dress better than men.” reifarks a woman writer. ‘Uh, huh, and at last accounts water ‘was still ruvning downhill. —Philadel. ‘phia Inquirer. “Fashion.” »2y0 am satherity, “te a Mate of mind.” What horribie mental Gsorders some of those designers of late styles must be suffering freani— Detroit Free Presa, Indian Statistics. Canada’s Indians number about 100,- 000, or, including Eskimos, 107,221, a decrease of 2,716 compared with 1913. Since 1860 the Indian population of this country has increased materially. There are now 300,000 members of various tribes compared with 254,300 tn 1860. They own lands valued rough- ly at $600,000.00. Over 3,000 students have been fully graduated from government Indian ‘schools and seyeral hundred from mis. sion schools of various denominations. The majority of these are well known end respected cithene im thelr respec tive communities. Flippant Flings. At any rate, this administration may go down as the weddingest administra- tion in our history.—Chicago News. If this war keeps on for another year We'll probably find out how far a kflo- meter is.—New York Evening Sun. Possibly it would be the correct en- gineering thing to roof over the Pan- ama canal and make it a subway.— Gleveland Plain Dealer. A flag for the vice president being @emanded. we suzzest an emblem with that imperishable device. “Hope springs eternal.”—Washinzton Post. Pert Personals. | Schwab has bought another stee company. Charley believes in doing his early.—Cleveland Plain Dealer. Just as though the president did not have troubles enough, bis daughter bas told the reporters that he has a “really beautiful tenor voice.”"—Boston Herald. Rudyard Kipling must be the great- ‘est of modern poets, since he is the @aly one for whose works a glossary ‘and concordance have been issued.— Chicago News. January Clearing Sale | All goods must be sold at cost price Nemo Corsets y 89 .. 89 | ..3 $1.89 7 $2.89 LF Ruttenbers’s i Dry Goods Store %°326 1 \\\3\ 3534 STATE a <4) one paras , ie EES Open Evenings Colored Help Employed [SELF-REDUCING) ~The Cranford Apartneait Building, 3600. Wabash Ave, Thugs of India. Among the countless varieties of eriminal-which infest the large cities you are doubtless femiliar with the one commonly designated by the name “thug,” a ruffian who would stab a person in the back for a few cents. ‘The name “thug” is derived from the old religious order that flourished in India unmolested up to about 1836. ‘Thuggee was practiced by religious fanatics, whose creed prohibited the shedding of blood. Any human seer fice which might be offered to the god- dess Kali must be slain without the breaking of the skin or the appearance of one bloodstain. Usually the thugs masqueraded as pilgrims or pedilers, got the confidence of their victims and then strangled them by means of a rope, a handkerchief or an unwound turban. They were then buried in shallow graves, dug with a consecrat- ed pickax, and a third of the plunder was laid on the altar of Kali, their barbaric delty—St. Louls Globe-Dem- ocrat. ee - z pe % | : i ba te Ae 25, ‘it fie ice ae ae er | ee — or Pee ee ie - a = ai ce io e: * { i" J i ao rH we Bats Se oe ay ie Sago oe See ‘Taking an Impression. ‘The original point of view of Stepher Hawels, the English painter, is seen ir the following fable, which was includ ed in a letter to a friend: ‘The artist peeped into a window of s room where a retired merchant sat doing a jigsaw puzzle. “Whose is that strange face? the merchant asked anxiously. “I saw no one,” his wife said. “I did. I saw a strange face dis tiectiy” bat setae be wae = window the artist was gene. “Do you think it was a burglar ht wife said. “We will see if he has taken any ins.” Investigation showed that nothing was missing, but the artist had taken away an impression which he sold to that particular merchant for £100.— Kaneas City Times. The finest building ever opened to Colored tenants in Chicago. Steam heat, electric light, tile baths, marble entrance. J. W. Casey,"Agent, “Phone Randolph 803 74 W. WAS*SNGTON STREET. One for an \ - ‘Two for See » BR a Big ize Livin; Bea 22.8 a Living Room Room ES me | F r ra) & — Lo Ae ot ’ Amber Glow Lights Are tay : ’ Sight-Saving Lights Everybody Likes Them - Father likes them because they give such a huge volume of light for so little money. Mother likes them because they are so steady, cheerful and agreeable. Daughter likes them because they unquestionably enhance her complexion and show the color harmonies of her dress and the room decorations. Get an Amber Glow light in your livin, room, right now - and let the whole family judge of its advantages. No trouble to you—just call Wabash 6000, or drop a postal card * tous and our man will call and install the light. Cost you only two dollars and a quarter, which you can pay in installments, seventy-five cents a month on your gas bill, One Amber Glow light gives approximately 160 candle power and consumes about 1-4 of a cent's worth of §as per hour. 300,000 already in use in Chicago. Why Arope around in a dim, sight-destroying Light. Spend your evenings at home, happy, comfortable and contented. The Pecples Gas Light & Coke Co. s Gas Building Telephone Wabesh ‘Tne Penetrating Stare. Can a stare be felt? A woman who has conducted many experiments says it can, that “no matter how deep her absorption, the stare at ber back will always disturb her. AN girls feel a stare.” Dr. Coover, “a peychologist,” says a sture is not felt and that he has tested it a thousand times. 8 ts probably all imagination om the pert ef the woman, for it ts easy in such gases for what one imagines te be- pome real to her. Where she passes a man, and he stares’ at her, she can Goubtiess feel that stare a block away. for it will take awhile for the impres sion of a stare to pass away. Stares are no doubt a great annoyance to wo- men, but there is no way. to prohibit them. The only way to do to abolish the stare is for women to dress simply aad g0 moles!y about thelr business. Ohio &r.e Journal ‘Sinteal Sm Gemedichien. It will probably be news to the aver- age ablutionist that the metal nickel 4s used in making bis soap. And far- ther, periaps, he will be glad to learn that althoush the nickel, tinely ground, 4s mixed with the other soap ingred!- ents the fivished product contains none of it, This is so because the nickel acts as what thé chemists call a catalyst—that is, its presence causes certain desirable changes to occur, al- though it takes no part in the chem! cal reaction. Offensive olls and those too thin for satisfactory use when mixed with finely divided nickel and subjected to the action of’a current of hydrozen become deodorized and harder and suitable for the soapmak- er’s use. Cottonseed oll, for example. after the nickel-hydrogen treatment. makes a satisfactory soap.—Pittsburgh Press. Elephant Skin. Elephant skin is beautiful and dura- ble, but it is very hard to get. The price of a live elephant fs large, and a leather manufacturer who promised to provide a number of elephant skin bags at short order would find him- self facing a big problem. Almost all elephants, after they die, fall into the hands of the leather manufacturers, or else they are stuffed and put in mu- eneme. | i All Eye Trouble Pie i selmi LOUIE USSELMANN <a ae The Practical Optician ; THE MOST COMPLETE OPTICAL ROOMS IN THE CITY | : pie perenne | Consultation or examination | 3150 S. STATE ST. eee |e aaa om guarantee to give satisfaction. CHICAGO ‘She Was Right. Teacher—Now, Dorothy, tell me how many bones in your body? Dorothy— Two bundred and eight. Teacher— That's not right. There are only 207, Dorothy (with great delight)—But 1 swallowed a Osh bone this morning! Indianapolis Star.