The Broad Ax

FOR THE NEXT THIRTY DAYS THE BROAD AX WILL BE SENT ANY ADDRESS IN THE UNITED STATES FOR ONE YEAR FOR ONE DOLLAR The BROAD AX How the Twenty-First Anniversary Edition of The Broad Ax Was Whipped Into Shape After a Great Deal of Worry and Many Almost Sleepless Nights on the Part of Its Editor, as Every One of Its Fifty Six Halftone Cuts It Contained, and Each and Every Article Was Placed in Its Columns in Strict Accordance with His Directions IT WAS PRINTED ON ENGLISH FINISHED BOOK PAPER WHICH COST TEN CENTS PER POUND, EIGHTY POUNDS TO THE REAM. THE PAPER WAS SUPPLIED BY THE EMPIRE PAPER COMPANY, 725 SOUTH 5TH AVENUE. ANY ONE POSSESSING AN OUNCE OF BRAINS CAN EASILY FIGURE OUT JUST HOW MUCH MONEY THEY WOULD HAVE TO PLANK DOWN FOR THREE THOUSAND AND SIX HUNDRED POUNDS FOR THAT AMOUNT OF PAPER, AS THAT NUMBER OF POUNDS WAS CONSUMED IN BRINGING FORTH THE TWENTY-FIRST ANNIVERSARY EDITION OF THE BROAD AX AND IT WAS A HARD TASK TO OBTAIN IT FOR LOVE OR MONEY. THE FIRST FORMS OF THAT MAMMOTH EDITION WERE TURNED OVER TO THE PRESSMEN WEDNESDAY NOON, SEPTEMBER 6, AND THE HUGE PRESS RAN AT THE BATE OF FOURTEEN HUNDRED REVOLUTIONS OR IMPRESSIONS PER HOUR FROM THAT TIME UNTIL 4 O'CLOCK SATURDAY AFTERNOON, SEPTEMBER 9, BEFORE IT CAME TO A DEAD STANDSTILL. ALL IN ALL IT WAS THE GREATEST FEAT SO FAR ACCOMPLISHED IN HIGH CLASS OR ARTISTIC JOURNALISM BY AN AFRO-AMERICAN IN THIS COUNTRY. COPIES OF THE TWENTY-FIRST ANNIVERSARY EDITION OF THE BROAD AX WILL BE SENT TO ANY PART OF THE UNITED STATES ON THE RECEIPT OF FIVE CENTS. LETTERS FROM A. H. WAGONER, PRESIDENT AND MANAGER OF THE BEOBACHTER PUBLISHING CO., WHO IS ONE OF THE BEST GERMAN-AMERICAN NEWSPAPER MEN IN THIS COUNTRY AND JOHN MCHUGH AN ABLE AND BRILLIANT IRISH-AMERICAN EDITORIAL WRITER ARE AMONG THOSE WHO ARE LOUD IN SOUNDING THE PRAISES OF THE TWENTY-FIRST ANNIVERSARY EDITION OF THE BROAD AX. Vol. XXII. How the 'Was and the Editor Contact Column' IT WAS PRINTED ON ENGLISH FIRST TEN CENTS PER POUND, EIGHT PAPER WAS SUPPLIED BY THE SOUTH 5TH AVENUE. ANY ONE POSSESSING AN OUNCE OUT JUST HOW MUCH MONEY DOWN FOR THREE THOUSAL FOR THAT AMOUNT OF PAPER, CONSUMED IN BRINGING FOR SARY EDITION OF THE BROAD OBTAIN IT FOR LOVE OR MONEY. THE FIRST FORMS OF THAT MAN OVER TO THE PRESSMEN W AND THE HUGE PRESS RAN DRED REVOLUTIONS OR IMP TIME UNTIL 4 O'CLOCK SATU BEFORE IT CAME TO A DEAD. ALL IN ALL IT WAS THE GREATEST HIGH CLASS OR ARTISTIC JOURNAL IN THIS COUNTRY. COPIES OF THE TWENTY-FIRST BROAD AX WILL BE SENT TO ON THE RECEIPT OF FIVE CENTS. LETTERS FROM A. H. WAGONER, BEOBACHTER PUBLISHING COMMAN-AMERICAN NEWSPAPER, MCHUGH AN ABLE AND BRILLI WRITER ARE AMONG THOSE PRAISES OF THE TWENTY-FIRST BROAD AX. It can be truly said that the vast majority of the people both White and Colored are absolutely ignorant when it comes down to knowing the least thing about evolving any kind of a newspaper for they will often read a small article in some newspaper in relation to themselves which is written and printed for them free of charge without ever saying, many thanks, at the same time they little realize the amount of expense and the vast amount of hard and detailed work that is required to be performed on the part of all editors and newspaper men in general before it is possible for anyone to read anything in the columns of newspapers either good, bad or indifferent about themselves and that is one reason why the great majority of Afro-Americans are always looking for a whole lot of free doings in the columns of their newspapers and the more free doings they receive the better they like it, and then they claim that everybody reads the newspaper which provides them with the free doings but if any attempt is made to charge them ten or fifteen cents per line for any announcement concerning themselves then they claim that no one reads the Colored man's little newspaper and that it has no circulation and so on. Nothing more will be said along this line for the present except that in the years to come the people may advance to that high degree in civilization where they will be perfectly willing to entertain a very much higher consideration for their newspapers which are today the greatest moulders of public opinion that the world has so far produced. A long and interesting story could be written respecting the evolving of the twenty-first anniversary edition of The Broad Ax, but we can not do that at this time and we simply wish to state that for almost two months prior to September 9th, we never worked so hard before in our life as we did for that length of time for it was all work and no horse play in order to get the paper out on time, and in order to do that it caused us much worry and planning and several almost `sleepless nights`, for it must be remembered that at all times that we revise all the galley proofs and superintended the making up and the locking up of the forms; that each and every one of the fifty-six half tone cuts which were scattered throughout the twenty-first anniversary edition of The Broad Ax, including the articles, were all placed in its almost one hundred columns subject to our approval; at the same time we are generally on hand ready to snatch the first sheet that comes from the press and look it all over very carefully and “O. K.” it and then the final order is given to the pressmen to “go ahead” and when the papers strike the bindery or mailing room we are right there to see to it that they find their way into the right mail sacks so that there will be no trouble in separating them when they reach the main postoffice, for transportation through the mails to all parts of this country. One of the things which caused us more worry and the loss of more sleep than anything else was the uncertainty of obtaining the kind of paper which we desired for the twenty-first anniversary edition of The Broad Ax, the middle of July the order had been placed with the Empire Paper Company, 725 South Fifth Ave., and by the way we have bought paper from that company for 16 years, and during that period of time we have paid it many thousands of dollars and we have for all those years generally managed to take care of our account in pretty good shape, as stated before, 40 reams of American half tone book paper was ordered the middle of July to be delivered the 15th of August and we rested easy and contented along that line for we labored under the impression that that was all settled finally the 15th of August arrived and no American half CHICAGO, SEPTEMBER 23, 1916 tone book paper had been delivered to us, a few days after that time we called up Mr. Joyce, the President of the Empire Paper Company and gently reminded him of that fact and he assured us that the paper would be delivered in a few days then we felt alright again until one evening about 5 o'clock near the 1st of September the telephone rapg and Mr. Joyce was on the other end of the wire and he finally said, "It is no use talking Mr. Taylor, for we are right up against it and we can't deliver the stock to you as it has not come in yet from the paper mills." That information, caused us to jump right straight up in the air and after we had caught our breath or second wind we fired back over the wire, "Don't talk that way, Mr. Joyce, we have just got to have the stock some way or other that is all." To make a long story real short the 40 reams of English finished book paper did not arrive at the printing shop until 1 o'clock, Wednesday, September 6, just one hour before the pressmen were already to go ahead with the forms of the first section of the twenty-first anniversary edition of The Broad Ax, so that was enough to cause the coolest headed men to do some worrying. The highly finished English book paper which was used, in its construction cost ten cents per pound, and any one possessing one ounce of brains can easily figure out just how much money that they would be compelled to part with if they desired to have three thousand and six hundred pounds of that paper. As before stated the first forms of that mammoth edition was turned over to the pressmen at noon, Wednesday, September 6, and it was 2 o'clock before the final order was given to "go ahead or let her go," and from that time until Saturday afternoon, September 9th, the huge press ran at the rate of fourteen hundred revolutions or impressions per hour, and when it finally came to a dead stand still at 4 o'clock on that afternoon and all told it made more than one hundred thousand revolutions in turning out the twenty-first anniversary edition of The Broad Ax. The papers for the regular readers in this city were not touched from Saturday afternoon until Monday morning, September 11th, as it required that much time for the ink to dry on them and then it would not smear or blur them as they came through the folding machines; and by adhering to that process each copy of the paper would be perfectly clear and would be as pleasing to behold as the finest and the most artistic books or magazines. All in all we feel proud of the fact that even if it did require a vast amount of very hard brain work in connection with producing the twenty-first anniversary edition of The Broad Ax, still we remember that nothing lasting can ever be accomplished without a vast amount of hard work and that is the only really successful way that the crown of glory can ever be snatched away from those engaged in your same line of business and without boasting and blowing it can be truly said that so far it was the greatest feat that has ever been accomplished in high class or artistic journalism by an Afro-American in this country and we have set the pace for others to follow in our foot steps. The following letters and newspaper comments speak for themselves. M. One of the honorable judges of the Superior Court, who is a high class gentleman at every stage of the game, who would be greatly delighted to see his friend, Hon. Oscar Hebel, elevated to the Superior Court bench at the coming election. One of the honorable judges of the Superior Court, who is a high class gentleman at every stage of the game, who would be greatly delighted to see his friend, Hon. Oscar Hebel, elevated to the Superior Court bench at the coming election. BEOBACCHTER PUBLISHING CO. PUBLISHERS OF ECHO, POST & BEOBACCHTER. Chicago, Illinois, Sept. 15, 1916. Mr. Julius F. Taylor, Editor The Broad Ax, Chicago, Ill. My Dear Taylor:— There is something magical about "twenty-one." It is that period, when children we look forward to with joyful anticipation and we refer to in our declining years as the beginning of our real life work. I read with pleasure the splendid edition of your newspaper which marked its twenty-first birthday and I have noted the progress you have made since I began receiving copies nearly fifteen years ago. I have seen several of your special numbers in the past but this surpasses anything you have ever accomplished in the newspaper world since I have known you and it is fitting that it should be so. Twenty-one. Your majority and freedom. Every line of your sixteen pages is replete with interest. Your description of Tuskegee an institution of learning for your race could have no more appropriate setting than in a newspaper of such excellence as The Broad Ax published by an Afro-American for twenty-one consecutive years and prospering in a land where the Colored man is accepted for the value he meas- able judges of the Superior Court, who is stage of the game, who would be greatly scar Hebel, elevated to the Superior Court. ures up to in a high standard set by people of the White or predominating race among which you live. That you have the confidence of the people of Chicago where you have for many years made your home is evidenced by the splendid support given you. Candidates for governors and other high offices of the White race are your patrons as well as the eminent lawyers, doctors and other professional and business men of your own race who have and are using your advertising columns. I noted the picture of your good mother and read the tale of her suffering during the days she was a chatel before the war. It brought back to me stories of a similar nature which I well remember in my boyhood days back yonder long before I was twenty-one but she is happy now cared for by dutiful children and all those horrible sufferings of the past seem as a dreadful dream. I want to congratulate you on the mechanical as well as the editorial skill displayed in this issue of The Broad Ax. It is a production that but few newspapers would attempt with the present high cost of paper especially such as you have used in this number. I was not aware that such quality could be purchased in sufficient quantities as you needed to run off your edition de luxe but it all indicates that you friend Taylor are prosperous and have the No.1 courage to give this "manhood" anniversary only the best. May The Broad Ax continue to hew close to the line until it reaches the age allotted to mankind, three score years and ten, is my wish and may you prosper with it is my prayer. Chicago, Sept. 18, 1916. Julius F. Taylor, Editor and Publisher of The Broad Ax, Chicago. Dear Sir: I have looked carefully over the twenty-first anniversary edition of The Broad Ax and I say it is simply grand. At a glance I couldn't but observe its expensive stock and magnificence typographically, but its beautiful array of life like pictures of distinguished people accompanied with scholarly written biographies aids materially in making The Broad Ax and its publisher the cause of much favorable comment. The nineteenth anniversary edition published September 5th, 1914, was indeed fine and I said at that time there was no way you could improve upon it. After comparing the two issues today I decided to never again say that you can't improve on anything. The publication is surely a great credit to yourself and the Afro-American race. And by the way The Broad PAGE TWO A BETROTHED LADY The Daughter of the Former Mary Leiter, Chicago. HER MARRIAGE A LOVE MATCH Still In Her Teens, Lady Irene Resembles Her American Mother and Is Said to Be Devoted to the United States. The marriage of Lord Curzon's eldest daughter, Lady Irene Curzon, to Mr. Guy Benson will be a love match, and the engagement has astonished a great many people, who took it for granted that Lord Curzon would in- A LADY IRENE CURZON. sist upon his daughter marrying a man connected with one of the great houses of the peerage. Lady Irene will, however, inherit her father's barony and become Baroness Ravensdale after his death, in case he does not marry again himself and have a son to assume all of his titles—Earl Curzon, Viscount Scarsdale and Baron Ravensdale. Only the last can descend through the female line. Lord Curzon, in marrying the former Mary Leiter of Chicago, made a romantic marriage, in spite of the bride possessing an enormous fortune. The two were deeply in love, and when separated by the Atlantic ocean during the engagement—Curzon being compelled to leave America and return to London —they exchanged cablegramms of greeting every day. Lady Irene is very like her mother in appearance, being tall and graceful, and she is credited with having a good deal of her father's strength of character. The prospective groom is one of three sons of Robert Henry Benson, a very wealthy Londoner, who is a trustee of the British National gallery and a member of council of the Victoria and Albert museum and of the Royal College of Music, all in London. Both Lady Irene and Mr. Benson are still in their teens. WHEN SWEEPING. Practical Hints About How to Perform This Household Rite. To find the necessary coverings on sweeping days has often sent the maid scurrying about for old aprons, sheets, towels and anything else she could lay her hands on to use for this purpose. One housewife has solved the difficulty in this way: She purchased a quantity of gray cambric and made from it a large sheet, with which to cover the beds and sideboard. Smaller covers for dressers and toilet tables were made, and still others in suitable shapes were designed to put over lamps, mantels and the like. She also made from the cambric a bag to keep the covers in. This was hung in the broom closet. While light, the cambric formed a perfect protection against dust, and a simple shaking when the sweeping was finished freed the covers from all dust that had settled upon them, so that they required washing but once a month. The use of these dust covers saved much valuable time and extra work. The cost of such a set is moderate, and it does not take long to make them. Fall Silks. It is always interesting to know the materials from which the new frocks are to be made. The silk frock will not abate in favor, and silk will be used for afternoon and evening wraps. Striped silks and chiffons are exceptionally good. A striped chiffon with the stripe of satin is printed with clusters of rich roses. A heavy satin for evening wraps is designed with groups of two wide stripes separated by two narrow white stripes. This comes in royal purple and fuchsia. Flowered silks on dark grounds for afternoon wear are unusual. There is also a new ponge crape for afternoon frocks. It comes in many colors printed with Turkish designs of rings and dots. A. Luncheon Dish. Mix a large cupful of well shredded, cooked, cold fish with a half cupful of milk, a tablespoonful of flour and a well beaten egg. Place in a saucepan and cook until it thickens. Let the mixture cool. Roll it in bread or cracker crumbs and fry in deep fat like doughnuts. HOMEMADE NIGHTGOWNS. Tips About the Newest Ways of Making Such Robes. The day when a homemade nightgown necessarily indicated weeks of hand embroidery or else a few hours' stitching on stiff, thick muslin has gone by. And now we can make a nightgown in a few hours, with only a saving touch of hand work, and yet produce something that is charmingly dainty. Sheer materials, of course, which are always used nowadays for nightgowns, have much to do with this change. The fact, too, that nightgown patterns now almost invariably show short sleeves and open necks also has much to do with their daintiness. The nightgown with an empire waist line is a favorite just now, and is deservedly so, for the long, full lines of the skirt are most becoming. Some sort of wide collar, too, is always becoming, but it wrinkles very easily in a nightgown. Reveres at the front are shown in some of the newer patterns, and those give softness and fulness and are not so easily wrinkled as a collar. Much variety can be given by the use of slashed and puffed sleeves, and the use of cuffs of various sorts is also worth trying. Batiste is a very good material for nightgowns, especially in colors. The pale pink and blue shades of this material, which can be had for about 20 cents a yard, are especially attractive. Nainsook in a soft quality is also a good material. Figured dimity, too, can be used, and this season much figured cotton crape of soft quality and dainty design has been used for pretty and durable nightgowns. The use of much entre deux in the seams of fine nightgowns is a dainty touch, and especially in the nightgown which shows much hand work is this method of finishing seams advisable. Hand embroidery can also be set into a nightgown with entre deux. In this way fine hand embroidered yokes and panels can be used. The rolled hem that is so much seen nowadays—in handkerchiefs and fine blouses—can be utilized in the nightgown. The hem is finely rolled and is then whipped with thread of color, first in one direction and then in the other, forming a sort of cross stitch finish. A pretty finish for a white nightgown is a blinding of colored bliss folds of muslin. This folded bliss finish can be bought both in plain colors and in stripes and plaids. Sheees and neck can both be bound in this way and a band of the colored fold can be placed at the line of an empire waist line, to have ribbon run under it. In the same manner chiffon or georgette crape underwear can be finished with ribbon used as binding SONNY BOY'S GARB. Small Men Delight In This Masculine Attire. Over a shirt of white silk, linen or poplin is this suspender suit of blue lin- en cut on loose lines. The jumper top is THE WORKINGMAN. buttoned on to the trousers with large white pearl buttons and conspicuous buttonholes. Side pockets for treasures are a feature. Fall Styles For Children. The question of fashion in garments for the tots is largely one of becomingness. But, of course, every item of apparel planned for the small citizen should wash. Some of the smart little simple dresses for children shown this fall are plaited from shoulder to hem; some are in Russian blouse effect with plaited skirts. Suspended dresses with washable walts and little frocks equipped with washable gulmpes are also in favor. Tub fabrics are unquestionably first choice, or should be, for the very young children. But plain and plaid serge and velveten dresses for girls of eight to ten and twelve years are smart. For school wear bright colors and cuffs are used on dark color frocks, and detachable collars and cuffs of linen, plique, etc., are also used very effectively on some of the school frocks Serge Frocks. The separate frock of navy serge will not lose any of its popularity. It is to be found mostly in princess styles or made on lines that give the shoulder to hem effect. Jumper frocks of serge to be worn with separate blouses of georgette crape are very handsome. One buttons down the back with black bone buttons. It has a guipme of terra cotta georgette crape, and stiff flaps extend outward over the hips, heavily embroidered with terra cotta silk. The corselet effect is gained by pointed yokes on these serge frocks which point upward on the blouse and downward on the full circular skirt. THE BROAD AX. CHICAGO SEPTEMBER 23, 1916. FOR YOUNG FOLKS Sleepy Time Story About Some Interesting Little People. LEGEND OF LONG GONE DAYS. Strange Thing That Happened to a Good Natured Farmer and His Wife. Fairies Show Gratitude For a Kindly Act—Things of Interest to Children. Tonight, said Uncle Ben to little Ned and Polly Ann, I am going to tell you about the LITTLE HILL MEN. In the district of Ersler stands a fine farm which is known all over the country as the "Mound Garden," or, as some would say, "Hill Garden," and this is why it is so named. Near the farm is a beautiful green mound or hill in which dwell many little Bergmen or Hill people. When the farmhouse was built Jon, the farmer, wanted for his garden some fresh green sod. So, going to the Mound, he carefully cut the green-sward from it and carried it to his farm yard. In the evening Jon's wife, Thyra, went to the kitchen to light the lamp and prepare supper, but to her great surprise she could not enter. "This is very strange!" she thought. "The place seems crowded. I can't find room even across the threshold." Thyra began to feel frightened and called loudly for her husband: "Jon, Jon, come quick; I cannot get into our own kitchen!" Jon came at once. "You must be out of your mind," he said. "Why don't you make a light?" "I cannot get near the lamp," answered Thyra. "I'll go and do it," announced the farmer. But, lo, when Jon tried to enter the kitchen he found it so crowded that he could not enter either, push as he might. "Who is here? Who is here crowding up my kitchen?" he demanded. Immediately there was a chorus of replies. "We others, we others, who live in the Mound!" "And what do you want in our kitchen?" cried Jon. "You have taken the roof off our home; all the greensward has been cut away; so 'we others' have come to your kitchen!" was the reply. "I did not know it was your roof," sald Jon. "It was," declared the Hill people. "And now it is raining hard and the rain comes down into our very dining hall. We do not want to get wet, so we have come to your kitchen to keep dry and warm." "Very well," replied Jon; "stay where you are until the rain is over and toorrow I'll put back every bit of sod I took away. I am sorry I have given you so much trouble." So the farmer and his wife allowed "we others" to remain in the comfortable kitchen, and next morning when the rain had ceased to fall Jon carried back all the grassy soils and replaced them carefully on the Mound. Back to it then trooped all the Bergmen or Hill people, and from that day Jon prospered and nothing ever went amiss on the farm. He had the richest fields of grain, the finest crops in the countryside, for, of course, having gained the friendship of the Bergmen, they were always working for him and aiding him in every way they could possibly devise. So no wonder Jon and Thyra prospered in everything they undertook.-Philadelphia Record. Beauty and the Beast. This justly proud young lady is very happy because her Boston terrier won a blue ribbon at a dog show held on Long Island. Lots of young folks own dogs and are very fond of them even A Photo by American Press Association. MISS ALICE BEATRICE TAMTER. If they are not prize winners. Many of the most intelligent dogs have no pedigrees and are just plain dogs. Training and good care will do much to make animals a source of pleasure to their owners. AGAIN SERGE. One Afternoon Frock For Early Fall Looks Like This. Navy blue serge combined with navy satin gives this attractive juvenile ralment. Wing drapes on the sides of the skirt are a graceful touch. What give 1920 NEW MODEL the gown distinction, however, are the dashes of metal embroidery around the knees and a triangular patch on the bodice. FASHIONABLE HAIRDRESSING How to Dress Your Crowning Glory In Good Form. The hair continues to be worn high or low, though the high dressing predominates to accord with the fashionable gown. The style of hat worn large or small, high or low crowned, has much to do with the choice. The larger the hat the greater the amount of hair used, and as the large hat with high crown is coming the use of puffs and curls will be more general. One style shows the use of three good sized puffs artistically arranged on the top of the head with just a suggestion of a part on the right side. The side hair is waved, with a few graceful curls falling over the forehead and ears. In another style the hair is waved across the forehead and the rest of the hair is waved and combed high toward the back. An extremely high dressing shows the front hair held perfectly flat with a band, tortoise shell for day wear and brilliants or other rich effects for evening. Across the front is a bang of curls and on either side over the ear are three decided curls. The back hair is waved and taken straight up. Hair ornaments are used in a variety of shapes, styles and sizes, both plain and jewel studded. Many combs and pins are inlaid with gold, silver or brilliants. Some for evening wear are in a bowknot design mounted on a flat head band of tulle. The Flaring Brim The flaring brim is the feature of the newest hats and bids fair to be popular after the long reign of the straight sailor. One model seen on a smartly dressed woman suggests the Napoleon period. It is made of black velvet and has a white felt crown which stands out in strong contrast. The brim is turned up abruptly in front in two points, each one mounted with a scrawny but effective fancy. Another model has its brim flaring at the back. A rich combination of colors is used -citron for the top and purple for the facing. Both are felt. Copper spangles dangle around the crown. The flare can be brought out pleas- ingly on small as well as large shapes. A peanut shell colored felt turban has a brim which flares at every point. At the back it is wider than at any other place. A bluebird is perched directly in front. A black velvet hat, very picturesque in line, flares bravely at the left side. Draped Bonnets Draped effects are very prominent on the latest hats of velvet and soft satin. One model of dark blue velvet has the material piled quite high. It is void of trimming except in the extreme front, where a white satin rectangular band is embroidered in blue wool. Another model of black satin has the material brought up to a central point on top and gathered about one little satin covered button. It reminds one of the bouffant skirt of the old time pincushion. This bonnet, however, boasts of a shallow brim, which droops in a coy manner over the forehead. Two curved stick ornaments project from the front. Suggestive of a sliding board, dear to the child's heart, is a purple velvet turban which is built high at the back and gradually decreases in height as it nears the front. STAFF OF LIFE. How to Make Use of All Stale Breads and Crumbs. TIPS FOR MRS. NEWLYWED. With Food Prices Rising and High Cost of Living a Permanent Problem, Ways of Turning Crusts Into Palatable Dishes Are Worth Heeding. Of all the leftover remnants of food from the kitchen bread is the most common perhaps, and many pieces are daily thrown away which a little thought would turn to excellent use. If the leftover pieces are not utilized the same day an excellent plan is to wrap them in pieces of waxed paper and store them in a stone jar. They will keep well for a week in this way. Dried crumbs for stuffing and meat frying: Put the crusts and small pieces in a baking pan and dry in the oven without burning. They may then be put through the food chopper and stored in clean glass jars until wanted. They may be used as a basis for meat croquettes, poultry stuffing and other things. French toast may be made from the whole slices of leftover bread. It is an excellent luncheon pickup dish. Beat an egg and add a little milk. Dip the slices of bread in this and fry a nice brown in hot drippings. Serve with butter, jelly or marmalade. Bread custard pudding: Cut the bread in dalyne shapes and butter liberally. Make a plain custard of eggs, milk and sugar. Put in baking dish and float the buttered bread on top. Sprinkle with grated nutmeg and bake in a quick oven until brown. This is excellent. To make croutons for the various soups so much relished in summer cut the bread in cubes and fry in butter or dripping just before serving with the soup. Add five or six to each plate of soup. These are delicious with almost any soup. Bread jelly for invalids: Scald the stale bread freed from crusts. Mash to a paste until of mushlike consistency. Add a little sugar and flavoring, mold, chill and serve with cream. Sterilized breadcrumbs are especially valuable for the young children in the household. A jar should be kept filled with these. They may be heated when wanted and sprinkled in soft eggs, soups, milk, fruit juices and indeed anything eaten by very young children where fresh bread is often actually dangerous. Dried bread is also valuable for mixing with various other foods for feeding the household pets. THIS NEW ONE. Paris Sent Over This Turban In the First Shipment. Taupe velvet, with a high band and two wings that take the outlines of the gray eaglet in front, gives this C THE AIRSHIP. chic turban. Draped models are also a fall hallmark, and quilts are thrusting themselves forward, as ever, as piquant trimming. From Ribbon. You can make the smartest kind of a little tam from a very wide grosgrain ribbon. A band of buckram to act as a foundation is first covered with the ribbon, and then the ribbon is folded in half and plaited in wide box plaites to a central point at the top of the crown. The plaiting is covered with a motif of wool flowers embroidered on scrim. A chic bow of the ribbon is tied and secured at one side. You cannot imagine anything pretier than this tam, and, what is better still, it lies within the power of any clever girl to make one herself. If the ribbon is not stiff enough to stand upright after it has been attached to the buckram band, it might be well to line it with a layer of flat buckram, though the soft effect of the ribbon by itself is preferable. A Smart Collar The neck line is, like the waist line, no longer a stationary thing. From Paris comes a high collar of black taffeta tied in the back with a flaring bow and falling over it in a circular collar of white organy—the whole a smart little conceit which is especially becoming to the tall, siender woman. High collars are not easy to wear, but they are smart. Longer Coats and Longer Skirts Are a New Mark. This youthful suit is put up in plum gaberdine, a skirt cut walking length and a long coat on which seams are I WELL PLEASED. accentuated with stitching. Hand embroidery adds much to the hip pockets, while squirrel collar and cuffs give a smart finish. THE JUVENILE MODE. What Children Will Wear All This Autumn. Clothes for children ape those of their elders very closely this season. Especially is this so in materials. Wool velour for coats, with plenty of fur trimming; velvet and satin for frocks, are the rule rather than the exception. Dark colors lead, navy blue, dark brown and hunter's green being favored. Trimmings of Roman stripes, bright plaids and cheeks or plain silks, as red, empire green. Hague blue and gold, are used to liven up the somberness of the darker materials. Gaberdines, serges, broadcloth, plain and novelty taffetas and velvets are employed for afternoon frocks. Fur, braid and ruchings trim, these. Party frocks of chiffon, net, crepe de chine or pastel colored taffeta reach the acme of youthful daintiness. Ripple effects are noticeable in coats, Cape, sailor, military and draped collars are largely used. More than often they are entirely of fur, belts and sashes are featured to a great degree. Little girls will wear small, snug fitting toques of fur over their curls this winter. Handmade trimmings, such as velvet fruit and flowers, trim the poke bonnet of silk or velvet. Cutlets In Mint Aspic Lamb cutlets in mint aspie make a novel dish. Either brise or roast the best end of a neck of lamb, and when cold trim into daintily shaped cutlets, not too thick. Have ready a pint of stiff aspie jelly, flavored, a little sugar and some French vinegar, besides the ordinary flavoring, and when it is strained, but still liquid, mix into four tablespoonfuls of finely chopped mint. Pour a thin layer of this jelly, not more than the tenth of an inch deep, into a flat, shallow tin, and when it is thoroughly set place the cutlets thereon and pour more of the liquid mint jelly on them, as so to just cover them. When it is set and stiff pass a sharp knife around the edge of each cutlet so as to cut it out from the surrounding jelly. Pass a cloth wrung out in warm water lightly under the bottom of the tin and the cutlets will be easily detached, each neatly masked with jelly on both sides. Dish them in a wreath of peas and mayonnaise. Let There Be No Lack of Sleep. Let There Be No Lack of Sleep. Lack of sleep ages a woman possibly more than anything else. Most women who are inclined to be nervous require from eight to nine hours. Six and seven hours of rest suffice for others. The hours before midnight contain the magic wherein beauty is dispensed freely. One hour before 12 will do more good than two afterward. Sleep without pillows if possible or a very small one of couch size. The feet should be higher than the head. This makes the flow of blood over the heart even. Sleep on your right side, with the limbs outstretched and the arms down at the side rather than over the head, which, 'its said, encourages bad dreams. Potatoes au Gratin Cut cold boiled potatoes in slices Place in a buttered baking dish and cover with a white sauce made from one and one-quarter cupfuls of milk two tablespoonfuls flour and two tablespoonfuls of butter. Mix equal parts of grated cheese and fine bread- crumbs and sprinkle over the top. Bake in a moderate oven fifteen minutes or until brown. William A. Page, the Chicago crilc and publicity writer, says in the Woman's Home Companion in an article about stagnueck women: "And what becomes of them? Caught in the eddies of frivolity, many of them temporarily abandon their stage ambitions in the kaleidoscopic life of Broadway. Others live in hall bedrooms, boil eggs over a gas jet and waste their young lives in the fruitless pursuit of a rainbow which they never find, only sooner or later to return home sadly and settle down to forget their stage ambitions. Others study, economize, sincerely strive for engagements, possibly get small roles with some obscure company and start in on a career which will be filled with many, many disappointments. And of the thousands who came so bravely to the front last year how many still remain in the lists? Not counting those who may have gone into musical comedy, perhaps a score still cherish the shrine of Marlowe and of Adams. For the rest, oblivion." Shaw Didn't Like Himself. "Many years ago in a house in Ashley Gardens," writes G. Bernard Shaw in the New Witness, "I was walking along a corridor with other guests at a musical evening when I saw coming toward me a man who produced an extraordinarily disagreeable impression on me, a tall young man in evening dress, with a blond beard and, as it seemed to me, a hateful expression. "He was coming straight at me. I moved aside to avoid him, and he moved, too, apparently to get into my way again. An impulse of rage at this insult was checked just in time by the discovery that instead of walking along a corridor I was crossing a square landing and that the detestable apparition who had chilled my very soul with his abominable aspect was a reflection of myself in the wall of mirror which the tenant of the Ashley Gardens flat had put up to give his cramped dwelling an appearance of spacious magnificence." Power In Plant Cells. Along with the formation of the sugar, and caused in part by its accumulation, there develop within the minute cells of the blueberry plants enormous osmotic pressures, which enable the plant to push its buds open, F. V. Coville writes in the National Geographic Magazine. These pressures are frequently as high as seven atmospheres or more than 100 pounds to the square inch—a pressure that would start a leak in a low pressure steam engine. The pressure may become as high as thirty atmospheres or 450 pounds to the square inch—a force sufficient to blow the cylinder head off of a thousand horsepower Corliss engine. The reason the plant does not explode is because it is broken up into many extremely small and strongly built cells instead of having one big interior cavity. These minute chambers are often as thick walled proportionately as an artillery shell. A Famous War Horse. Bucephalus, the charger that carried Alexander the Great through all his campaigns, received his name from the fact that, although white, he had a black mark resembling an ox's head on his forehead. A Thessalonian had offered the horse for sale to Philip of Macedon, but as none of the monarch's attendants could manage him the king ordered his owner to take him away. Alexander, who was present, expressed his regret at losing so fine an animal, and Philip replied that he would buy the horse if his son could ride him. The offer was accepted by Alexander, who succeeded in the attempt. Bucephalus would never suffer any other person to mount him. Airing a Room In aliring a room there are two things to be remembered—first, that the impure air must be allowed to escape and, secondly, that fresh air must be admitted. Impure air in a room is always warm and will therefore rise toward the ceiling, when it will escape if the window is opened at the top, while cold fresh air will enter through the lower part of the window when opened. A Grand Canyon Sunrise A sunrise in the Grand canyon lasts as long as you please. Each hour is a sunrise for some cavern deeper than the last, and, in fact, there are many where it has yet to rise for the first time since the canyon was made by those ages of running water. His Ashes. "So you prefer to be cremated when you die?" "I certainly do." "Why?" "So that my remains may be mingled with the ashes of the grate."—London Telegraph. Parental Care "Did your bride's father give her away?" "No, he didn't. He left me to find out a few things about her for myself."—Baltimore American. Causes. Bix—A physician says that yawning is caused by a lack of oxygen in the blood. Dix—Or a lack of pep in the conversation.—Boston Transcript. The Comeback. Skintlint—I have no money, but I will give you a little advice. Beggar—Well. If yer aln't got no money yer advice can't be very valuable. Sooner or later the world comes around to see the truth and do the right—Hill.lard. Coney Island's Start. The first man to realize the great possibilities of Coney Island as a summer resort was Austin Corbin, a banker and railway official. From the beginning of the last century the beach at Coney Island was frequented by many New Yorkers, but it remained for Corbin to initiate the movement which has made "Coney" a synonym for a certain kind of amusement. Corbin started his financial career at Davenport, Ia., but in 1865 he opened a banking house in New York, and in 1873 he purchased the eastern part of Coney Island. There he created the great resort known as Manhattan Beach. He also became president of the Long Island railroad and played a big part in the development of all the summer resorts on Long Island. In the last forty years Coney Island has become the greatest popular summer resort in the world, and in addition to the millions of transient visitors from the city who go there for the day many thousands are regular summer residents of the hotels and cottages which line its shores. - New York World. Money Mark Twain Refused. By the time that Mark Twain had finally succeeded in paying off the burden of debt that had fallen upon him with the failure of his publishing venture he found himself one of the best paid authors in the world. He refused many offers of money that did not agree with his literary conscience. He declined $10,000 for a tobacco indorsement, though he liked the tobacco well enough. He declined $10,000 a year for five years to lend his name as editor to a humorous periodical. He declined another $10,000 for ten lectures and another for fifty lectures at the same rate that is, $1,000 a night. And he was offered $1 a word for his writing, which he also declined, making a final arrangement with his regular publishers that they should print whatever he wrote, the payment being 20 (later 30) cents a word. "Boys' Life of Mark Twain" in St. Nicholas. Persian Words In English. Regarding the Persian language, we all have a few words from that source in our vocabularies, although we may not be aware of our indebbedness. There are about a dozen words in the English dictionary which trace to Persia, the most common being perhaps "orange." although this was thought by some to be derived from the Latin "aurum" (gold). "Sash," meaning a ribbon or band (the "sash" of a window is the Latin "capsa"). "shawl" and "taffeta" are other Persian words which have become thoroughly acclimatized, as have "chess." "caravan," "lilac," "dervish" and "lac," while "emerald" and "indigo." "azure," "bazaar," "jackal," "musk," "paradise" and "scimitar" have also been traced to the same source.—London Opinion. Sympathy With Nature. Tis an evidence of how directly we are related to nature that we more or less sympathize with the weather and take on the color of the day. Goethe said he worked easiest on a high barometer. One is like a chimney that draws well some days and won't draw at all on others, and the secret is mainly in the condition of the atmosphere. Anything positive and decided with the weather is a good omen. A pouring rain may be more auspicious than a sleeping sunshine. When the stove draws well the fogs and fumes will leave your mind. - John Burroughs. Teeth as Sentinels "When thou sittest to eat with a ruler consider diligently him that is before thee," says the Hebrew proverb, warning a king's guest to regulate his appetite by his host's temper. Boswell, Dr. Johnson's biographer, gives in his notebook a modern paraphrase of the old Jewish proverb: "I said of a rich man who entertained us luxuriously that, although he was exceedingly ridiculous, we restrained ourselves from talking of him as we might doest we should lose his feasts. 'He makes our teeth sentinels on our tongues,' said I." Fire and Matrimony In Persia the wedding service is read in front of a fire. In Nicaragua the priest, taking the couple each by the little fingers, leads them to an apartment where a fire is lighted and there instructs the bride in her duties, extinguishing the fire by way of conclusion. In Japan the woman kindles a torch and the bridegroom lights one from it. the playthings of the wife being then burned. A Record In Governors Mrs. Richard Manning of South Carolina had the distinction of being the only woman on record who was the wife of a governor, the sister of a governor, the niece of a governor, the mother of a governor and the aunt and foster mother of a governor. Accounted For: Aunt--My goodness, Eddie! Why did you take the biggest apple in the dish? Eddie-1 was afraid some one else would get it--Chicago Herald. Cotton Seed. It is estimated that one seed of cotton, given the application of all possible care and skill, would produce 40,000,000 seeds in six years. Almost as Bad Kathryn—I hear that you said I was double faced. Kitye—I never did. I merely aid you were double chinned—Exchange. Conscience is harder than our enemies, knows more, accuses with more nicety—George Elliot. THE BROAD AX, CHI, CAGO, SEPTEMBER 23, 1916 Early Panama. The first permanent settlement in the new world was established at Panama Aug. 15, 1519, by Pedrarias, the Spanish governor. In exploring the Pacific coast along the isthmus the Spanish adventurers found a small fishing village called Panama, and on the date given above the governor established his capital there. Two years later, by royal decree, Panama was made a city and the seat of a bishop. Panama became the center for Spanish explorations in North and South America, and many expeditions were sent out from there in search of gold. It was from Panama, in 1524, that Pizarro began the voyage which ended in the discovery of Peru. After that a highway was established across the isthmus, following much the same route as the Panama canal, and over this the wealth of Peru was transported to the Spanish treasure ships in the Atlantic. To this day small sections of paved road are to be seen as relics of the old Spanish highway over which so much treasure was carried. Very Set In His Ways The people of Fitchburg in the eighteen thirties resented Joseph Palmer's beard. He was the only bearded man in that part of the country, and he was persecuted for it. When he resisted the attack of several neighbors who proposed to shave him he was put in jail on a charge of unprovoked assault. He far outstayed his sentence, said his son, because he had to pay for all his food, drink and coal for heating, and he considered they cheated him, so he refused to go. The sheriff and jailer, tired of having him there, begged him to leave. Even his mother wrote to him "not to be so set." But nothing could move him. He said that they had put him in there and they would have to take him out, as he would not walk out. They finally carried him out in his chair and placed it on the sidewalk. The neighbors were irritated, not only by Joseph Palmer's beard, but by his general attitude of mind—he was "so set"—Atlantic Monthly. When Chocolate Was Denounced When Chocolate Was Denounced. Strong passions were roused in the seventeenth century among those who thought chocolate was an invention of the devil. A formidable treatise was written in order to denounce the use of the beverage by monks. The treatise appeared in 1624, but the monks saw to it, by destroying every copy that came their way, that its circulation was small and brief. Chocolate houses succeeded coffee houses in London as centers of a supposed greater refinement, although Roger North described them as centers for the benefit of "rooks and cullies of quality, where gaming is added to all the rest" and where plots against the state were hatched by idle fellows. - London Graphic. Shorthand Pioneer That the ancients were thoroughly conversant with shorthand is an undisputed fact. It subsequently became a lost art until revived or rediscovered toward the end of the sixteenth century. At this time there lived William Lawrence, who died in 1621 and was buried in the cloister of Westminster abbey. There the visitor may read his epiphath, which includes the following lines: Shorthand he wrote. His flower in prime did fade, And barky death short hand of him bath nasty death short hand of him hatt made. —London Standard. Crust of French Bread. There is one precious quality which distinguishes French bread from all the other breads in the world, the quality, namely, of an extraordinarily thick crust. French bread has a thick, crisp, appetizing crust because it is baked with a fuel composed of poplar branches. The light poplar wood gives an intense heat, which for some reason makes crust as no other fuel will do.-Exchange. A Novelty. "When I went home the other night," said Mr. Meekton, "Henrietta mistook me for a burglar." "It must have been an unpleasant experience." "I rather enjoyed it. It was the first time in my life Henrietta was ever afraid of me."—Washington Star. Eager to Practice. "My boy, you want to practice thrift." "I know, dad, but I haven't got the tools." "What do you mean by that?" "If you'll let me have the $5 I need I'll see how long I can make it last."—Detroit Free Press. Bad Habit. "I'm going out, Maria, to get a little ozone in my system." "I do wish, James, you would stop taking them dangerous drugs."—Baltimore American. England's Army Rifle The English rifle, the Lee-Enfield fires thirty-four shots a minute. It is made in ninety-four parts, involving over a thousand operations. Could Help Her. Fussy Lady Patient—I was suffering so much, doctor, that I wanted to die. Doctor—You did right to call me in dear lady—London Opinion. Directly Over It Bacon-What is that watchmaker doing at his bench at night? Egbert-Oh, he's working over time.-Yonkers Statesman. "Time is money"-yet lots of people with plenty of time on hand try to borrow money. Famous Aztec Runners. Communication (among the Aztecs) was maintained with the remotest parts of the country by means of couriers. Posthouses were established on the great roads, about two leagues distant from each other. The courier bearing his dispatches in the form of a hieroglyphical painting, ran with them to the first station, where they were taken by another messenger and carried forward to the next, and so on till they reached the capital. These couriers, trained from childhood, traveled with incredible swiftness; not four or five leagues an hour, as an old chronicler would make us believe, but with such speed that dispatches were carried from 100 to 200 miles a day. Fresh fish was frequently served at Montezuma's table in twenty-four hours from the time it had been taken in the gulf of Mexico, 200 miles from the capital. In this way intelligence of the movements of the royal armies was rapidly brought to court, and the dress of the courier denoting by its color that of his tidings, spreading joy or consternation in the towns through which he passed.—From Prescott's "History of the Conquest of Mexico." Picardy Names. Whence come the names of the Picardy villages, strange even in France? Among the names of places are Bray, which is of Celtic origin and signifies a swamp or morass. Fay is from the Latin "agus," meaning a beech tree. Hem is a home or habitation. Estree is from the Latin "strata," meaning route. Fins is from "finis," signifying the limits. Combles means vales or valleys. The termination "oy" is applied to a plantation—Qnesquil, Tilloy, Autnoy, Rosoy. The name of "Bois des Trones" is simply "the wood of the thrones." The name of the city of Albert was formerly the same as the name of the stream, Ancre. It was changed when the lordship passed to the house of Albert de Lyne of the family Alberti, originally of Florence. Peronne, noted because of the captivity of King Louis XI. at that place, was for a long time called La Puceille, "the maiden."—Indianapolis News, Hard to Kill. An alligator's tenacity of life is remarkable. "I remember one time," says an English traveler in India, "I was with a shooting party on the Ganges when the natives brought in a six foot alligator. They hoped some one would want to buy it, but no one did, so it was determined to kill the creature. It was hauled out of the tank and tied to a tree. Bullets from a small rifle or an ordinary twelve bore gun seemed only to irritate the saurian, and he did not seem to care very much when a native thrust a spear down his throat. Finally they were obliged to get axes and chop off its head. Even then the tail thrashed around, and the body was almost cut to pieces before all movement ceased." A. Brassy Cheek "You," exclaimed the indignant old gentleman—"you want to marry my daughter! Why, sir, it is only a few years ago that you were caddying for me." "Yes, sir," said the young man, "but I don't intend to let that stand in the way. I hope I am philosopher enough to realize that a very bad golfer may make a fairly good father-in-law."—Boston Transcript. White Specks In Butter. White specks in butter are sometimes simply fine particles of milk curd, resulting from lack of care in skimming. Sometimes they are small specks of dried cream, having been scraped from the sides of the pan and being too dry to thoroughly soften and mix with the rest. Lost and Found—a Heart: Nothing seems so hopelessly lost, when it is lost, as a heart, yet nothing, when it is lost, is by the experience of the centuries so absolutely certain of recovery.—Puck. As It Will Be. The New Woman—I'm going to the club, Algenron. Algenron—Very well, but I've done all I could to make the home attractive—Philadelphia Ledger. ```markdown ``` PRACTICAL HEALTH HINT. Proper Eating. Eating is important to every one. It is a matter that calls for thought, for eating anything and everything without thought is certain to breed disease. Good health is necessary to our happiness, and health depends largely on the food we eat, its quality and quantity and the regularity of our meals. Quality includes the cooking. There are some who, as the Scotch say, "dig their graves with their teeth." Louis Corano some hundreds of years ago wrote discourses on how to acquire and keep good health. The chief thing, according to Corano, was to eat simple foods in moderation and lead a temperate life. His theories are quite as good today as in his time. Cicero said, "Eat to live, not live to eat." William Penn gave advice. "Always rise from the table with an appetite and you will never sit down without one." Overeating, eating without regard to digestion, is the cause of a large proportion of our sickness. Gluttony kills more men than the sword. "Who minds not his stomach will soon mind little else." --- QUINADE GROWS HAIR REMOVES DANDRUFF SEND FOR SAMPLE QUINASOAP THE IDEAL SHAMPOO SOAP THOROUGHLY CLEANSSES THE SCALP QUINACOMB HAIR STRAIGHTENER SHAMPOO DRYER QUIMADE 25¢ QUINALOMB50¢ QUINASOAP25¢ AT ALL DRUGGISTS SEEBY DRUG COMPANY, NEW YORK CITY, N.Y. Giant Grotto. The immense cavern known as the Giant grotto is situated near Trieste, Austria, and is said to be the largest known to exist. It consists of one vast chamber, 787 feet long, 433 feet broad and 452 feet high. There are three entrances, two in the roof and one at the edge of the roof, which has been provided with ladders with steps, so that visitors can safely descend into the grotto. Once on the bottom, progress is easy. The cavern contains remarkable groups of salactites, some of them of gigantic size and others of bizarre shapes. The tallest salactite has a length of little more than thirty-nine feet. No side or underlying caverns have yet been discovered. The bottom of the grotto is 525 feet below the surface of the ground forming the top of the roof, which in turn is about 1,580 feet above sea level.—Pearson's Weekly. Old Engraved Bings Among the legends of Greece it is told that the father of Pythagorus, the famous Greek philosopher, was a celebrated engraver of gems, and, according to classical history, both Helen of Troy and Ulysses of Greece wore engraved rings. Engraving on stones that were partly precious was an art at a very remote age. The British museum proudly boasts the possession of a small square of yellow jasper bearing the figure of a horse and the name and titles of Amenophis II., believed to date back to about the year 1450 B. C. The very finest specimen of engraved gem now in existence is a head of Nero carved on a first water diamond by the brothers Castanzi in the year 1750 A. D.-St. James' Gazette. Gained Her Object There's method in some people's seeming miserliness, although the reason for so much privation does not strike ordinary folk as sufficient. A Swiss village owes its fine pelt of bells to this sort of self sacrifice. About ten years ago a widow who had lived in great misery for no less than fifty years went to the commune and presented it with over $4,000 for a peal of bells for the old church. She had saved the amount penny by penny, dressing like a beggar and starring herself. She said she had gained the object of her life. Breaking a Looking Glass. The breaking of a looking glass superstition is a very old one. Hundreds of years ago it used to be a common belief, that those who wished to harm others could do so by getting pictures or making images of their enemies and destroying them. The destruction of the picture would be followed by the death of its original. Even the victim's reflection in a mirror was enough for the purpose, provided the mirror was promptly broken. All In. Friend-I was just in the art gallery admiring your "Napoleon After Waterloo." The fidelity of expression on Bonaparte's face is positively wonderful. Where did you get it? Mr. Dobber—From life. I got my wife to pose for me the morning after she gave her first reception.—Puck. An Old Smallpox Cure. The following primitive "cure" for smallpox was discovered by the Leytonshire (England) guardians in one of their registers for the year 1700: "Take thirty to forty live toads and burn them to clinders in a new pot, then crush into a fine black powder. Dose for smallpox, three ounces." Aesop was asked how far it was to a certain place. "Let me see you walk," replied Aesop. The man protested that he wished a civil answer "You foolish person!" said Aesop "How can I tell how far it is to that town until I see at what pace you travel?" Three Classes on the Cars An Italian drummer explains in the Milan Domencia del Corriere that "in the first class the passengers abuse the trainmen, in the third class the trainmen are rude to the passengers in the second class the passengers in sult each other." Muffled. "They tell me Jimson is over his ears in debt." "Yes; so much so that he can't hear the doorbell when his creditors call."—Exchange. It is not every man that can afford to wear a shabby coat—Colton. PAGE THREE N A D E HAIR DANDRUFF R SAMPLE ASOAP SHAMPOO 50AP ANSES THE SCALP ACOMB LAIGHTENER OO DRYER $50¢ QUIMSOAP 25¢ RUGGISTS NEW YORK CITY, N.Y. Old English Furniture That fine old furniture is yet found in Great Britain in many unexpected places is said to be largely due to the stirring up of the country that was given by the great exhibition at London of 1851. This was soon after the development of the railway system in England, and there flocked to London a large number of squires and their wives. A new world had opened to the country dames. The new things had a wonderful fascination for them. On returning home they got rid of much of their old furniture and bought new. Much of the old furniture found its way to secondhand shops and was sold to poor folk who could not afford to buy new. This accounts for the finding today of much good old furniture in small houses in provincial towns and among country people.—Indianapolis News. Napoleon Obeyed the Mob. In "The Corsican-A Diary of Napoleon's Life In His Own Words," Bonaparte tells how as an obscure soldier he witnessed some of the opening scenes of the revolution: "1 lodged at Rue du Mall, Place des Victories. At the sound of the tocosin and the news that the Tulieries were attacked I started for the Carousel. Before I had got there in the Rue des Petits Champs I was passed by a mob of horrible looking fellows parading a head stuck on a pike. Thinking I looked too much of a gentleman, they wanted me to shout "Vlive la nation!" which I did promptly, as may easily be imagined." Just Used Him: They met again at Atlantic City. The young man asked the girl: "Now that you have become engaged to George why have you flirted with me so long and let me take you motoring, goling and theater going? Why did you encourage me so long when you intended to accept George?" The girl blushed a little and sighed. "I wanted," she said softly, "to test my love for George."—Pittsburgh Chronicle-Telegraph He Won the Trick "Oh, George, dear," she whispered when he slipped the engagement ring on her tapering finger. "how sweet of you to remember just the sort of stone I preferred! None of the others was ever so thoughtful." George was staggered but for a moment. Then he came back with: "Not at all, dear. You overrate me. This is the one I've always used." She was inconsistent enough to cry about it. Retort Caustic Artist's Friend (patronizingly) - I think those thistles in your foreground are superbly realistic, old chap. 'Pon my word, they actually seem to be nodding in the breeze, don't you know! Ungrateful Artist—Yes. I have had one or two people tell me they would almost deceive an ass! A Perfect Being. Once upon a time there was a human being who never made a mistake. And his neat little tombstone records the fact that he was one day-old when he died.—Springfield Union. Perfect Fit Clara—Is she satisfied with her divorce suit? Bella—Yes; she wouldn't have it altered for the world.—Chicago Herald ```markdown ``` PRACTICAL HEALTH HINT. Bran as a Medicine Bread or muffins made from bran make a nutritious breakfast food. Because of its coarseness and bulk bran is highly laxative. Persons of sedentary habits and those who eat much meat invariably suffer from constipation. Uncooked bran makes a more active laxative for such cases. It should be eaten once a day—two or three tablespoonfuls of sterilized bran mixed in with the breakfast cereal or stewed fruit or taken with a pinch of salt and milk or cream over it. A warm preparation of uncooked bran can be bad by stirring it into soup. The aged enjoy the bran bread for breakfast, dinner and sup per. It does away with the need for a cereal at breakfast for them. Digestive disturbances are apt to result from a too steady diet of cereals, and bran prepa- rations prevent and correct dis- orders of digestion. PAGE POUR THE TWENTY-FIRST ANNIVERSARY EDITION OF THE BROAD AX. (Concluded from page 1.) Ax is not confined to any one race. In my rambling around. I find it in prominent public places all over the city. There is another admirable thing I have noticed in the paper, in more issues than one—its editor has the courage of his convictions. Hoping you will have many more anniversary editions, I am respectfully, John McHugh, 39 South Halsted St., Chicago. Chicago, Ill., Sept. 15, 1916. Mr. J. F. Taylor, The Broad Ax, Chicago, Illinois. My Dear Mr. Taylor:—I read with keen appreciation your very flattering tribute to me in the anniversary edition of The Broad Ax and desire to express my gratitude. What touched me most was the sincerity evinced by the article. It was the first time I have ever read a personal opinion of myself in the press. If at any time The Champion Magazine can be of service to you, let us know. We wish The Broad Ax continued prosperity. Yours very sincerely, Fenton Johnson. JULIUS F. TAYLOR CEEBRAE BIRDDAY OF HIS PUBLICATION The Broad Ax, edited by Julius F. Taylor, celebrated its twenty-first anniversary. The issue of Sept. 9th was 16 pages, the front page containing cuts and writeups of such well known characters as Col. Frank Lowden, Hon. Julius Johnson, Hon. George E. Keys, and Hon. Richard J. Barr. On other pages were pictures of homes belonging to Mr. and Mrs. B. F. Moseley, Dr. and Mrs. George C. Hall, Lawyer and Mrs. James E. White, Alderman and Mrs. Oscar De Priest, a page given to the work of Tuskegee Institute, and write-ups of such well known people as Hon. S. A. T. Watkins, Sandy W. Trice, Madame E. Azalia Hackley, Rev. W. D. Cook, Tenan Jones, Rev. J. C. Anderson, Attorney Richard Hill, Jr., Mrs. Henry Tylor-Dixon, Major R. R. Jackson, Mrs. Elizabeth McDonald and politicians galore. Mr. Taylor is one of the best single-handed editors in the country; brave, loyal to the race, and delights in the exposure in "high places." He never misses an issue and "hews to the line and lets chips fall where they may." The Broad Ax has our hearty congratulations for being able to glide so smoothly on the sea of journalism and at the same time to live so comfortably in its own quarters. Mr. Taylor has demonstrated the fact that there is money in knowing how to run a paper. Here's wishing our friend and neighbor many more years of good luck and success.—The Chicago Defender, September 16, 1916. TWENTY-FIRST ANNIVERSARY EDITION OF THE BROAD AX. The Chicago Broad Ax, September 9, came to our X table celebrating its twenty-first anniversary with a sixteen page edition, printed on highgrade book paper. It is replete with cuts of candidates for offices in Illinois, and the press work is exceptionally good. The edition takes a retrospective, circumstive, introspective and prospective view of men and things generally and imparts some valuable information.—The Observer Houston, Texas, September 16, 1916. No one feels more grateful than we do; to all those who have so favorably commented on the twenty-first anniversary edition of The Broad Ax, and most especially we value the comments contained in the letters, from Mr. A. H. Wagoner and Mr. John McHugh who both rank among the best editorial writers and newspaper work in general with the best men engaged in that line in this country and what they do not know about high grade or first class newspaper work is not worth knowing. MOTHER SPANKS DAUGHTER WHILE SHOPPERS GAZE. Maybe They All Weren't Shoppers. But it Happened at State and Washington Streets. State and Washington is as good a place as any for the chastisement of a daughter in the estimate of Mrs. Elizabeth Bretz, 1506 Sedgwick street, which she did on Thursday and she was taken to the central station, where neither wanted to have the other arrested. "My daughter Marjorie borrowed $35 from a loan shark a year ago," said the mother. "She arranged with the store she works in to pay $5 a week. She's paid back more than $100 and settled it up. "Last week she brought me $4 and told me the store held out $5. I inquired and it wasn't so; so I started to punish her. I can't support her on $4 a week and besides she comes in with a different fellow every night." Peace was declared when both promised not to fight. PRESIDENT WOODBOW WILSON. By William R. Wilcox, Chairman, Republican National Committee. It required more than ordinary assurance for the man who has done more than any other President since the civil war to fasten the shackles of bondage on the American freedman, to stand at the humble log cabin at Hodgenville, Ky., and pronounce a eulogy upon the great emancipator. In the light of President Wilson's own contemptible treatment of the Negro, his praise of Lincoln, the plain man of the common people, the product of poverty and obscurity, was false and shallow. Bringing to Washington all the prejudices of his southern birth and rearing surrounding himself with men of the same inherited feelings, Mr. Wilson early gave to his administration, so far as the Colored man was concerned, the stamp of snobbery, vindictiveness and ignorance, and these traits have characterized it from the time of the removal of J. C. Napier as register of the treasury to the present day. Negro May Not Work for U. S. Not even the splendid patriotism of the black heroes of the Tenth Cavalry, who went to their death at Carraliz as the result of the President's policy of timidity and blundering in Mexico, sufficed to move him from his course of Negro-baiting. The Colored man, under Woodrow Wilson, may die for his country, but he may not serve it in civilian life save under the sign of the "Jim Crow." Beginning with Napier three years ago, President Wilson has persistently pursued a policy of segregation that has brought unmerited hardship and shame to thousands of American citizens. Presidents Taft and Roosevelt encouraged deserving and intelligent Negroes by giving them positions in the federal service. President Wilson quickly gave evidence of one of his most characteristic traits by surrendering to southern Negro haters of the Vardaman type. In a matter of plain justice to his Colored fellow citizens he was "too proud to fight." Drive Freedmen From Service. Drive Freedmen From Service. He did recognize the justice of the claim of the Negroes to the treasury position which a Colored man had held for more than twenty-five years, and at first nominated an Oklahoma Negro; but he promptly withdrew it when notice was served upon him by the Democratic race fanatics in Congress that no Negroes would be confirmed. Even the post-of minister of Hayti, always filled by a black man, went to a white man. If Mr. Wilson preached the "new freedom" he practiced the "new bondage." The new order of things at Washington quickly became apparent and a systematic policy of segregation in the executive departments was under way, instigated first by Secretary McAdoo and Postmaster General Burleson, who had many imitators. By the Summer of 1913 the segregation of Negro clerks in the Treasury Department and the postoffice was an accomplished fact. It was Mr. Wilson's theory that the problem presented was "human, not political." The rapacity with which Hungry Democratic office seekers scrambled for the 15,000 government positions carrying salaries amounting to more than $8,000,000 per annum, which, under Republican administration, had been filled by self-respecting and intelligent Negroes, indicated that he was right, but not in a sense reflecting credit on human nature. The segregation begun by McAdoo and Burleson under Wilson has spread through the country. It is the fixed policy of the present administration. The obnoxious theory of "Jim Crow" intolerance has fastened like a cancer in the political and social fabric of the nation. PERSHING TAKES 16 VILLISTAS Rebel Leader Attacks Chihuahua; New Assault on City is Feared. El Paso, Texas, Sept. 20.—News of Villa's attack and defeat in Chihuahua and his apparent intention to strike anew at his one-time citadel, and the report of Pershing's spectacular dash south and the capture by his men of sixteen Villistas, stirred the border anew to-day. According to dispatches to the War Department, sent via Columbus, General Pershing sent an expedition consisting of thirty-three motor trucks, loaded with a battalion of Negro infantry, eighty-one miles south from Colonia Dublan to a point sixteen miles below Namiquipa. The troops raided a small adobe settlement, taking prisoner sixteen Villistas engaged in organizing a new Villa following for operations against American and Carranza troops in that district. Much ammunition, arms and horses were also captured. The Iowa A. M. E. Conference is holding forth this week at Institutional Church, 3825 S. Dearborn street. The sessions are largely attended and the next issue of this paper will contain the new assignment of the ministers in this conference for the coming year. THE BROAD AX. CHICAGO SEPTEMBER 23, 1916. W. H. HON. GEORGE F. HARDING. State Senator from the first congressional district of Illinois and one of the prominent leaders of the Republican party, who is willing to make the race for sheriff of Cook county in 1918. State Senator from the first congressional district of Illinois and one of the prominent leaders of the Republican party, who is willing to make the race for sheriff of Cook county in 1918. The anti-spitting ordinance is on the statute books, and every little while the people are reminded that the law is alive by newspaper stories of arrest and fine of individuals for expectorating on the sidewalks. But citizens go right on spitting, perhaps a little more warily, lest Bluecoat and Brass Buttons spy upon them. The average spitter in street cars and other public places really does not notice the presence of other average citizens, for he has learned that the average citizen is not worth a dime as an officer of the law. He himself has never called his neighbor for spitting, and he is reasonably sure his neighbor will never call him. If we plain citizens had more public spirit, were more interested in health protection and had more "pep" in rounding up law breakers, we would be offenders less often ourselves. That's the truth. It is the male-population that is chiefly at fault. Where sir, did you ever see a woman spitting on the floor or on the walk? From the spitting point of view, there are five times as many ladies as gentlemen in the world, and I have seen many so-called gentlemen expectorating in these places, never a lady. Cigars and cigarettes are largely to blame for this. The seven pounds of tobacco per capita which Americans consume annually in smokes, chews and snuffs, stimulate the flow of barrels and barrels of male saliva and mucus, which, mixed with the juice of the weed, is not good to swallow. The ubiquitous cuspidor is evidence of this; but unfortunately, the spittoon is stationary, while the impulse to spit is on the move and acts mostly between spittoons. The campaign for the sale of Red Cross Seals this year will be larger than ever before. Although in 1915 the sale reached the record total of $0,000,000 seals, bringing in $800,000, it is expected that this year at least 100,000,000 seals or $1,000,000 worth will be sold. The sale will be organized from Alaska to the Canal Zone and from Hawaii to Porto Rico. Every state and territory in the United States will have seals on sale. New organizations will be working in a number of the western states, including Montana, Utah and Wyoming. Distribution of the seals is now under way. When all the public and parochial schools are opened at the beginning of the school year under the supervision of medical school inspectors, the first effective measures will have been taken to prevent the spread of the communicable disease so common to child life. Vaccination for the prevention of typhoid is not a fad, but a tried out medical fact. People who are wise will not hesitate to adopt this simple, yet effective means of protecting themselves against this king of filth diseases. During 1915 the school health officers made 79,383 examinations of school children, of whom 32,860 were found with some defect needing medical correction. Defect in sight, diseased teeth, diseased tonsils and adenoids, impaired hearing, mental deficiency are the things they found and recommended for correction. HEALTH NOTES. *** national district of Illinois and one of the n party, who is willing to make the race DEATH OF SETH LOW, CHAIRMAN OF THE BOARD OF TRUSTEES OF TUSKEGEE INSTITUTE, ALABAMA. Seth Low, former mayor of New York, twice mayor of Brooklyn, and one time president of Columbia university, died last Sunday at his country home, Broad Brook farm, Bedford Hills, N. Y., at the age of 66 years. He had been ill several months of a complication of diseases. Mr. Low's most recent activities were exerted in an effort to find a solution of the differences between the railroad brotherhoods and the railroads. Mr. Low's illness was attributed by his friends to a general breakdown. Since the beginning of the European war he had been especially active as president of the New York chamber of commerce and president of the National Civic federation. He was chairman of the executive committee of Tuskegee Institute, delegate at large to the recent New York state constitutional convention, and a member of a government commission appointed to investigate labor troubles in Colorado. His Remarkable Career. Seth Low was born in Brooklyn, Jan. 18, 1850. He was educated at the Polytechnic Institute in Brooklyn and then at Columbia, from which he was graduated in 1870 at the age of 20. On leaving Columbia Mr. Low took up his father's business and in 1878 organized and became the first president of the Brooklyn Bureau of Charities. In 1880 Mr. Low first became prominent in politics. He was elected mayor of Brooklyn by the regular Republican and independent forces. In 1883 he was reelected for a second term. In 1890 Mr. Low was offered the presidency of Columbia and accepted. In 1901 he resigned, but continued as a trustee until July, 1914. Elected Mayor of New York. Mr. Low was nominee of the Citizens' union for mayor of New York in 1897, but the Tammany forces defeated both Gen. Tracy, the Republican nominee, and Mr. Low. In 1900 Mr. Low ran again on a reform ticket and was elected. Mr. Low married in 1880 Annie Wroe Scollaw Curtis of Boston. THE BYRON RECITAL Mme M. Callaway-Bryon, known in Europe as Menitza Losoros, will make her only Chicago appearance at Quinn Chapel Monday evening, Sept. 25th at 8:20. Thus the program will read the Losoros concert. Those who appear on the program with her are: T. Theo. Taylor pianist; Chas. Elgar, violinist; Walter E. Gossette, organist and W. Henry Hackney, tenor. Mme. Byron had the honor to appear with the Philharmonic orchestra in Dresden and Munich, Germany. This honor all great artists desire when they go to Germany. She also had the pleasure of singing for two famous conductors of the Chicago grand opera and the Metropolitan opera of N. Y. Mme. Byron is a pleasing artist and is possessed of good voice, stage presence and refinement. Your one opportunity to hear her, a beautiful singer. Tickets on sale at Y. M. C. A. until 6 P. M. day of concert. --- THE EIGHTH REGIMENT CONTINUES TO MAKE GOOD IN TEXT AS Saturday morning at 5 A. M. the 8th Ill. regiment in connection with other Illinois and Wisconsin troops begin their overland hike to Camp Mabry at Austin, Texas. This is the longest march that has been yet undertaken by the soldiers. Army officers are to watch the hike with interest because in addition to the overland trip the entire body is to be supplied from San Antonio as a base. The line of march will be principally over the post road and the troops will form a column of twelve miles in length. Since a day's march consists of only fifteen miles, it will take almost a day for the line to pass a given point. An exceptional record was made by the 8th on their recent march to Leon Springs and it is expected that they will also excel in the coming hike. The officers and personnel of the organization have proven that they are as good if not better soldiers than some of the other regiments and this, of course, gives us a feeling of pardonable pride. Since their arrival here on the 6th of July, there has been very little friction or trouble. Of course some few incidents have been played upon by the press as showing the inferiority of the troops and their disposition to cause trouble but this can be attributed to prejudice, rather than to the facts in the case. Just as the 10th and other regiments composed of Colored soldiers have proven that they make the best soldiers and the 8th is only a proof of the rule. There is something else that the people generally don't understand and that is that the soldiers stationed here are from some of the best families of the north and east and that they are not bums and roustabouts. To see of the northern papers one will find that some of the officers in the regiment hold such enviable positions as members of the General Assembly of Illinois and also prominent places in the city government of Chicago. From The Eye Opener, San Antonio, Texas., Sept. 16, 1916. EQUAL RIGHTS SUNDAY OCT. 1st.— LET ALL OUR CHURCHES OB- SERVE. Boston, Mass., September, 1916: The National Equal Rights Congress appeals to all the clergy and churches to observe Sunday, October 1st, as Equal Rights Sunday and then to have prayer and exhortation for the success of the National Colored Citizenship Rights Congress to be held in the John Wesley Zion Church, Washington, D. C., October 4th and 5th, and Annual Meeting of League October 6th. The League requests that a service or part of a service be used to ask God's blessing in the race's effort for equality of rights, and as God helps those who help themselves, that the pastor and a layman be sent as delegates. GUNNER ISSUES FINAL CALL TO COLORED CONGRESS At Washington, D. C., Oct. 4, 5 and 6, 1916, on rights of citizenship—widespread interest already shown—on to Washington. Hillburn, N. Y., Sept. 12, 1916. Fellow Citizens—In August, as president of the National Equal Rights League, I issued a call for its 9th annual meeting. Included in that call was an appeal to our people in all sections to come together in a National Congress of Colored Americans to voice the feelings and views of the race on the shameful conditions surrounding us and to decide upon the most effectual ways and means for combating color segregation and all other forms of color discrimination now practiced against us. After an unavoidable delay, happily now we can announce the exact date and edifice for the gathering. Hence I hereby issue this formal call for the 9th annual meeting of the National Equal Rights League and for the National Citizenship Rights Congress of Colored Americans, to convene, the Congress on Wednesday, Thursday and the League on Friday, Oct. 4, 5 and 6, 1916, in Washington, D. C., at John Wesley A. M. E. Zion church, Fourteenth and Corcoran streets, N. W. Work Earnestly Now, Fellow Countrymen, let us go to work with great earnestness in a strong, united effort to bring together a large number of influential Colored Americans from all sections of the country. REV. BYRON GUNNER, Pres. Nat'l Equal Rights League. THE BUSINESS PROTECTIVE AND LEGAL AID ASSOCIATION OF CHICAGO HELD AN INFORMAL MEETING TUESDAY EVENING. Tuesday evening the Business Protective Legal Aid Association of this city, held its monthly luncheon informal meeting at Fraternal Hall, 6155 Wentworth avenue. William D. Neighbors, manager; Madam Musgrave, the successful theatrical costumer and Mr. Hughes, representing the Negro Fellowship League, and Julius F. Taylor, were among the speakers. It is expected that a much larger crowd of those who are engaged in all kinds of business will be present at the next monthly meeting. SPECIAL DAYS PLANNED FOR MEDICAL EXAMINATION, CHILDREN'S ORGANIZATION, AND CHURCHES. December 3 to December 10 inclusive has been set aside as Tuberculosis Week in the United States, according to an announcement today by The National Association for the Study and Prevention of Tuberculosis. During this week an effort will be made to enlist the co-operation of every church, school, anti-tuberculosis and public health organization, lodge, and working men's organization in the United States in an active effort to bring tuberculosis to the attention of the people. Three special feature days will be held during the week. December 6 will be National Medical Examination Day. On that day an effort will be made to get everybody, men, women and children, whether sick or well, to be examined in order to find out if they have any defects or impairments of their bodies that need attention. If examination is not possible on December 6, appointments will be made for them for later examination. December 8 will be Children's Health Crusade Day. It is hoped at that time to launch a national organization of Modern Health Crusaders, an association of the children of the United States in the public schools, for fighting against tuberculosis and for better health. December 3 or 10 will be observed, according to the convenience of the churches, as Tuberculosis Day. A special sermon and a series of talking points for ministers and others have been prepared and will be ready for distribution in the near future. Last year over 150,000 organizations and institutions took part in the Tuberculosis Week celebration. It is expected that this year this number will be greatly increased. NEGRO FELLOWSHIP LEAGUE The Negro Fellowship League will hold a young men's meeting at the Reading Room, 3005 South State, street, Sunday September 24th, at 4 P. M., presided over by Mr. Robert H. Hardon, manager Employment Bureau, assisted by Mr. Wm. Hunter, Chairman Ways and Means Committee. The subject for general discussion will be "What Should the Race Congress in Washington Do for the Race?" All young men and women who are interested in this question are urged to be present. Last Sunday the delegates in attendance unanimously elected the president of the League a delegate to attend the Race Congress in Washington, D. C., October 4th, and pledged donations to help pay expenses. Final report Sunday, Oct. 1st. IDA B. WELLS-BARNETT, President REV. W. S. BRADDAN, CHAPLAIN OF, THE EIGHTH REGIMENT, ILLINOIS NATIONAL GUARD, ARRIVED HOME ON A FIRETEEN DAYS' FURLOUGH. Tuesday morning, Rev. W. S. Braddan, pastor of Berean Baptist church, 52nd and Dearborn streets, and chaplain of the Eighth Regiment, Illinois National Guard, arrived home on a fifteen days' furlough, in order to visit his family and to look after some business affairs. He stated that the members of the Eighth Regiment have, with few exceptions, been well treated by the citizens of San Antonio, Texas. Nevertheless, he longed to hit old State Street once more. MRS. E. AZALIA HACKLEY, HEAD OF THE NORMAL VOICE CULTURE INSTITUTE WILL MAKE A LONG TOUR THROUGH THE EASTERN STATES. This evening, Mrs. E. Azalia Hackley, the head and founder of the Normal Vocal Institute, 3019 Calumet avenue, will depart on a long tour through the eastern states. She will be absent all winter. She will give conerts and voice culture demonstrations in Philadelphia, Pa., Washington, D. C., New York City and other points in the east. Mrs. Hackley is an extraordinary brilliant woman and she is accomplishing a great work, more than practical, for the Colored people along musical lines. THE REPUBLICAN CAMPAIGN IS ON The National Committee has assigned Beauregard F. Moseley to cover Missouri. His itinerary for the week ending September 30th, next, is as follows: Friday, Sept. 23rd, Glasgow, Saturday, Sept. 23rd, Fayette, Monday, Sept. 25th, Mobley, Tuesday, Sept. 26th, Paris, Wednesday, Sept. 27th, Monroe City, Thursday, Sept. 28th, Macon, Friday, Sept. 29th, Shelbina, Saturday, Sept. 30th, Hannibal; thence home for a week, and then probably to Kentucky or California. The National Committee has determined to carry Missouri or Kentucky or both, and are putting their heaviest guns in that territory. Talks on HEALTH, CLEANLINESS, PROPER LIVING, SANITATION, ETC. Dr. W. A. DRIVER 3300 So. State Street Phode Douglas 3617 HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENT. Your health is the biggest problem of your entire life. You should give it more consideration than you give any other matter. Do not make the mistake of hastening to the conclusion that physical health is all that is meant when the term health is used. Get the habit of supplying the implied adjectives that mean universal scope. You cannot afford to miss the consideration of big thought. It is costlier to think little than it is to think in the biggest sense. Physical health is indeed our first inclination but mental health is probably of greater importance. But some of our contemporaries would have us believe that there is no physical body and hence no physical health as well as no physical lack of health, no disease. They have a name calculated to attract superficial thinkers; they are called Christian Scientists. They are here accused of insincerity but they are certainly inconsistent and superficial. They are in our environment and consequently are capable of pernicious influence. On the other hand, there are others among us who seem to be so intensely interested in the material environment that they discourage safe and sane consideration of the immaterial, the metaphysical, the intellectual, the spiritual or whatever term suits your individuality. For the sake of health divide your time and talents in the consideration of both the physical and the metaphysical, PLEASANT RECEPTION IN HONOR OF SOME VISITING LADIES. Monday evening the Eureka Fine Art Club and The Bailey Press Club gave a very pleasant reception from 8:30 to 11 P. M., at the residence of Mrs. Nettie Anderson, 3234 Vernon avenue, in honor of the following visiting ladies to this city: Mrs. C. T. Branch of Camden, N. J., Miss Mary E. Branch and Miss Tossie P. Whiting of Petersburg, Va., and Miss Daisy Shilton of Washington, D. C. ALLEGES WIFE HAS NEGRO BLOOD Crawfordsville, Ind., Sept.—Austin E. West, of Crawfordsville, a carpenter, has filed a suit for divorce from his wife, Julief Osborne West, alleging that after nine years of married life he has learned she is of more than one-eighth Negro blood. They were married in November, 1907. West alleges his wife deceived him. They have no children. 6 MONTHS FOR NEGRO HELD WITH WHITE GIRL. Edward Best, Colored, was sentenced to six months in the house of correction and fined $1 and costs today in the boys' court on a charge of contributing to the delinquency of Mary Anastarkos, sixteen years old, a White girl, who ran away with him from her home in Newport News, Va., August 10. CHIPS George W. Holt, owner of the Brunswick Hotel, 3004 S. State street and the Mission Buffet at 3504 S. State street, returned home Tuesday after resting up for several weeks at Mt. Clemmens, Mich. Mr. and Mrs. Henry Jones, 6641 Evans avenue, have bought a beautiful new home at 3336 South Park avenue and they will move into it October 1st and rent out their flat on Evans avenue. --- If you haven't used Seeby's Quinade, you have missed all of the vast benefits of 'hair-health' which this famous hair pomade brings. Go to your druggist and get a jar now, use it as the directions tell you—and watch the great improvement it will produce. Hon. William E. Mason feels as happy as the morning lark over his nomination at the late State wide primaries for congressman at large and his many friends join with him in rejoicing over that fact and they feel sure of his calling and election Tuesday, November 7. [Name] the material and the supermaterial, the natural physical and the supernatural attenuated physical, that is transendent and limitless to our finite comprehension. We should be big enough to consider and consider seriously our environment. The natural physical is a part of the environment of every one of us and so is the higher realm, the ethereal, the intellectual, the mental, the spiritual, the supernatural (so called) which is the natural in the most delicate manifestation. For is not everything natural? Our environment influences are interrelated. To get the highest type of personal development we must have the best physical and mental environment. Our bodies are composed of chemical elements that are dead without proper environment. Coal has a chemical element, carbon. Coal will not radiate heat and thus show its life without the environment of a spark and the oxygen of the air. When coal shows life, warmth, it shows something that is not in its carbon nor in the oxygen of the air. That something is immaterial; it is supplied by the invisible environment. That is life, activity and the great spirit. Let us call it encouragement or optimism. And so it is with our bodies. Thought is only chemical action plus that spark. So is all that is even though called supernatural. We must have joy, music, smiles, encouragement and optimism We must have the proper environment. Where is it? That is the question. Bishop Williams, the Colored policeman, who was in serious trouble with a young girl, Alice Smith, who resided at 126 W. 27th street, was on Saturday exonerated in the Municipal Court. He was successfully represented by Lawyer B. F. Moseley. Recently Sergeant John H. Hightower was united in marriage to Mrs. Emma Spencer, of Austin, Tex., and they are at home to their friends at 3123 S. State street and Mr. Hightower claims that he has never been so happy before in his life. Celt and Saxon. One of Sheridan's tales was of an Irishman who met a Briton of the true John Bull pattern standing with folded arms in a contemplative mood, apparently meditating on the greatness of his little island. "Allow me to differ with ye!" exclaimed the Celt. "But I have said nothing, sir," replied John Bull. "And a man may think a lie as well as publish it," persisted the pugnacious Hibernian. "Perhaps you are looking for fight?" queried the Briton. "Allow me to compliment ye on the quickness of yer perception," said Patrick, throwing down his coat. And then they pitched in. Starting a Scrap: "Til bet my tid can lick yours." "Til bet he can't." "How you're going to prove it?" "I'll tell you. I'll hit you in the eye and you hit me in the nose; then we'll both run home and tell our dads about it, and then they'll both get mad and start a scrap, and you and I will stand by and see which of them wins."—Detroit Free Press. How the Days Go By. Frank looked up thoughtfully from his engine and cars game of railroading, played on the primitive plan of a five-year-old boy. "Mamma, isn't it funny how the days go by, one after the other, just like a train of cars, with Sunday for the engine."-Harper's. Maddening. "They really fear she will become insane. You see, she found a diary he kept before he married her." "Ob. I see! And the awful revelations"— "Revelations? No. It was all in cipher, and she couldn't read a word of it"—London Tit-Bits. Soap Economy. When a cake of soap is worn nearly thin enough to break stick it to the new cake by putting both in quite warm wafer, then press firmly together. When cold it will be one solid cake. This does away with small pieces of soap and there is no waste. THE.BROAD AX, CHICAGO, SEPTEMBER 23, 1916 - Black Maria Some years ago a writer in the English Notes and Queries, writing about the name "Black Maria" as applied to prison vans, quoted from a periodical, presumably English, named the Million, as follows: "During the old colonial days Maria Lee, a negress, kept a sailors' boarding house in Boston. She was a woman of gigantic size and prodigious strength and was of great assistance to the authorities in keeping the peace, as the entire lawless element of that locality stood in awe of her. Whenever an unusually troublesome person was to be taken to the station house the services of Black Maria, as she was called, were likely to be required. It is said that she once took at one time and without assistance three riotous sailors to the lockup. So frequently was her help required that the expression 'Send for Black Maria' came to mean 'Take the disorderly person to jail.' It is easy to see how the name became fixed to the prison van." Our Medal of Honor. The medal of honor of the United States, given for bravery on the field of battle, was first instituted in 1862 by a law approved July 12 of that year. It is a five pointed star of bronze tipped with trefoil, each point containing a crown of laurel and oak. In the middle, within a circle of thirty-four stars, America, personified as Minerva, stands with her left hand resting on the fasces, while her right, in which she holds a shield emblazoned with the American arms, she repulses Discord, represented with two snakes in each hand, the whole suspended by a trophy of two crossed cannon balls and a sword surmounted by the American eagle, which is united by a ribbon of thirteen stripes, palewise, gules and argent and a chief azure, to a clasp composed of two cornucopias and the American arms. Size of the Roman Empire. According to the historian Gibbon, the Roman empire "was above 2,000 miles in breadth, from the wall of Antoninus and the northern limits of Docia to Mount Atlas and the Tropic of Cancer; that it extended in length more than 3,000 miles, from the western ocean to the Euphrates; that it was situated in the finest part of the temperate zone, and that it was supposed to contain above 1,600,000 square miles." According to this, the Roman empire was considerably smaller than the United States, the area of which (leaving out Alaska and the islands) is nearly 3,000,000 square miles, or almost twice as big as was the empire of the Caesars. Airshics and Altitude. There are two ways of measuring altitude in a flying machine. One is by triangulation from the ground, which is an involved operation, requiring the services of several trained experts in the calculation of angles from different points on a measured distance on the earth's surface. The second and usual way is by means of a barograph, which is a form of aneroid barometer that records altitude by means of atmospheric pressure. The latter method is not as exact as the former, but is more expeditionous and is approximately correct. End of the Story. "Oh, if I were only beautiful," she sighed artfully. "I wouldn't care if I were you." he said. "You are very intellectual and you have a sweet disposition. Besides, you are nice to your mother, and all that is much better than being beautiful." And he was never invited to see her again.—Pall Mall Gazette. Happy Boys. "The Smithers twins are so much alike that their own mother can't tell them apart." "That must be rather confusing." "It is, but the boys don't mind it. Their mother never dares to whip either of them for fear it might be the wrong one."—Exchange. Important. "My dear, what shall I buy you for your birthday?" "Consult our jeweler. He knows pretty well what my tastes are." "And did you tell him anything about the state of my finances?"—Kansas City Journal. Her Tact. Howard — Did she refuse you, old man? Coward—Well, in a delicate, indirect way. She told me she never wanted anything she could get easily. --- PRACTICAL HEALTH HINT. The Inattentive Child. Never scold a child who is dull or heedless nor one who seems to refuse to pay attention. Take such a child to a physician for an examination, for many times there will be found explanations for his conduct—his ears may be diseased or filled with impacted wax, which dulls or prevents his hearing. His eyesight may be so defective as to keep him from fixing his gaze upon anything. Children who are normal and well are bright, alert, attentive and responsive. Those who are ill or suffering from disease of the nervous system, some defect of hearing or vision, are unable to do anything as it should be done and deserve pity and never blame. FOUR BROTHERS, EACH SIX FEET, AT. BORDER They Are McDonalds, and Their Comrades Call 'Em 'the Big Savannah, Ga.—"Twenty-four feet of men." That is what members of Battery A, Chatham artillery, call the four McDonald brothers—Bill, Bob, Alex and Bernard. They are known also as "The Giant Quartet," "The Big Macks" and the "Fighting Four." But their father, Bernard L. McDonald of the city health department, towers over them all; he's six feet two. Bill is the youngest and shortest, being scant six feet. Bob, next, is the tallest, exceeding Bill in height by an inch and a half. Alex, the eldest, and Bernard are just an inch shorter than Bob. The four are a quartet in the musical sense also, each being possessed of a pleasing voice. Alex has been "end man" in most of the local amateur minstrel shows. All four went with their battery to Mexico. TELLS THE TIME BY HIS FAMILY'S FAGES TELLS THE TIME BY HIS FAMILY'S FAGES He Is 1 o'Clock, His Wife Is 2, and Children Go According to Age. St. Joseph, Mo.-The flight of the hours are marked on the dial of C. W. Humbard's watch by the faces of his ten children and by his own face and the face of his wife. Tiny photographs are set in the dial in place of the Roman numerals. Every time Mr. Humbard—who is a grading contractor here—looks at the time he sees his whole family. He is 1 o'clock and his wife is 2. The children are arranged in the order of their birth, beginning at 3 o'clock with Carl, who is thirty-four, and continuing through Calvin, Albert, Bertha, Glen, George, Eva, Robert, Vernon and little 12 o'clock Edith, who is three and the youngest of the family. The watch was made especially for Mr. Humberd a few years ago and he is so used to it that he can tell the exact time at a glance. He arises at Albert o'clock in the morning, has luncheon at half-past Edith and is usually home by Bertha. If he refers to the watch a score of times throughout the day he is reminded each time of his loved ones and there is little chance that he will ever forget his family in the rush of business. The idea of putting the family in the watch occurred to him as a sentimental novelty, unlike anything he had ever heard of. His work as a grading contractor carries him out of town frequently, but he reports he is not so lonely as he used to be, since he feels that he can take a glimpse at his youngsters any time he cares to without attracting outside attention. RETURNS AFTER THIRTY YEARS Sailor Had Been In Almost Every Port, and Parents Didn't Know Him. Townsend, Del.—Mourned as dead for thirty years, David Guesssferd returned to the home of his parents, Mr. and Mrs. Joseph Guesssferd, who live on a farm near here. When sixteen years old Guesssferd went away on a boat plying between Smyrna and Philadelphia as a sailor. He was anxious to see more of the country, so obtained a berth as a sailor on a vessel plying between New York and the East Indies, and that was the last heard of him. He has been in practically every port in the world and on one occasion was wrecked in midocean and he and the captain of his vessel were the only survivors. He is said to have accumulated considerable money and will remain with his parents. They did not know him. DRAINED ALL THE LAND. Water Over Low Tract Disappeared When Ditch Is Dug. Rockport, Mo.-The outlet ditch that drains Lake Nishnabotna at Langdon is the talk of the whole Missouri bottom. The effects have been almost miraculous. It seems that when the ditch drained the Nishna, water standing all over the bottom, whether it had a connection with the ditch or not, disappeared, often in the night, leaving the ground fit for cultivation within a few days. The Nishnabotna river has been standing full of water for about a year, and as the water level was almost as high as the great body of surrounding land, the water soaked through and saturated it all. MOTORCAR "DEADLY WEAPON' Judge Says It Is Used For Offensive and Defensive Operations. Portland, Ore.—That a motorcar under certain conditions is a dangerous weapon was held by Judge Robert Morrow in the circuit court. The case was that of C. A. Warriner, accused of assault with a dangerous weapon in having with his motorcar ridden down a motorcycle on the Columbia highway which carried H. H. Beckman and his wife. Mrs. Beckman was badly injured. Judge Morrow fortified his decision with citations from American precedents and observations on European battlefields, where, he said, the motorcar was employed as a weapon of offense and defense. The Real Fun In Life. The Chicago banker who had intimate personal association with James J. Hill related a little incident which throws light on the character of that great railroad man and builder of civilization, says the Albany Knickerbocker Press. Mr. Hill had commissioned the banker to perform a task which required a journey out of town. Here is the story: "How soon do you want this, Mr. Hill? said I. "Right away." "I suppose he noticed a fleeting expression in my face, for he asked, 'What's the matter?' "Well,' said I, 'my family is across the lake, but that doesn't make any difference. I'll start in the morning and—" "Mr. Hill held up his right hand and said: 'Hold on. Let me give you a fact born of long experience. All the real fun a fellow has in life is within the four walls that inclose his family. Go across the lake and see your family and start on my job when you get through with the home folks.'" Seals Can Drown. It is a curious fact that the fur seal was once a land animal. The baby seals are actually afraid of water. They would drown if thrown into it and have to learn to swim by repeated efforts. When once they have been taught to swim, however, they soon forget to walk. There are in existence only two important herds of fur seals, one of which has its breeding grounds in the Commander islands, belonging to Russia, the other in the Pribilof Islands, belonging to the United States. Of these the latter is much the larger. The Pribilof islands are government property, and thus it happens that the United States government finds itself the owner of by far the most valuable herd of fur seals in the world.—London Mail. Roads In Olden Days A curious illustration of the lack of any systematic authority over the roads in England, even as late as the fifteenth century, is preserved in the records of the manor of Aylesbury. A local miller, named Richard Boose, needed some ramming clay for the repair of his mill. Accordingly—we learn from "Old Country Inn"—his servants dug a great pit in the middle of the road, ten feet wide and eight feet deep, and so left it to become filled with water from the winter rains. A glover from Leighton Buzzard, on his way home from market, fell in and was drowned. Charged with manslaughter, the miller pleaded that he had no place wherein to get the kind of clay he required except on the highroad. He was acquitted. Evaporated Liquids Steam emanating from boiling milk if condensed would become water. This may be seen in the manufacture of condensed milk, which is only ordinary milk boiled down until the water is out of it. If a liquid which contains solid bodies in solution be evaporated the solids are left behind. That this is so may be shown by adding to water that is to be distilled a trace of magenta and a little salt. The distilled water has no taste and is colorless. The magenta is generally deposited upon the sides of the boiling vessel. A Waste of Powder A man who never before had been duck hunting shot at a duck in the air. "Gee!" exclaimed the amateur's friend. "You got him." "Yes," returned the amateur, "but I might as well have saved my ammunition—the fall would have killed him anyway."-Harper's Magazine. Rice In China. Many persons fancy that the entire Chinese people depend on rice as the main article of diet, but there are millions in central and north China that have never tasted rice, and to other millions it is more of a luxury than wheat. Smallest Part First. "When I ask your age why do you say eight and twenty instead of twenty-eight?" "I believe in putting the best foot forward."—Exchange. ```markdown ``` PRACTICAL HEALTH HINT. For Pyorrhea. Prevention is the best remedy for pyorrhea. Dentists preach this everywhere. Begin with the children and teach them how to keep the teeth clean and free from all kinds of food particles. Teach them to brush the teeth and rinse the teeth and gums thoroughly three times a day after meals. Cleanliness keeps the gums healthy. Have the tartar removed from the teeth; this, if allowed to remain, makes the gums recede and loosens the teeth. Pyorrhea is not a constitutional disease; it is a local affection. But the existence is a menace to health, for it causes diseases of the joints as well as many other systemic diseases. Watch your own teeth, watch the teeth of the children, for the first sign of tartar and go to a dentist to have it removed. Keep the teeth clean at all times. Use plenty of tooth powder and water to brush the teeth and do not neglect thoroughly to rinse the mouth and teeth. PAGE FIVE Many centuries ago a poor monk was compelled to travel upon a long and arduous journey. His road was rocky, his sandals were worn, and he suffered agonies as he trudged grimly upon his holy errand. One day as he sat by the wayside resting a sheep came up to him, bleating in the most friendly fashion. The good monk petted the sheep and was grateful for its dumb friendliness, when suddenly he had an inspiration. He took out his sheath knife, sheared two handfuls of wool from the sheep and placed one in the heel of either sandal. That afternoon as he trudged along his feet seemed light, his step springy. The wool took the jar from his spine, the impact of the stony road from his aching, swollen feet. The next morning as he started out he thought to rearrange the wool padding and discovered that the friction and the movement of his feet in the sandals had reduced the wool to a sort of a cloth. Thus was discovered felt, which to this day is one of the most effective substances ever discovered for padding purposes. How Saccharin Was Discovered. Saccharin is the most valuable substitute for sugar we know. Yet it, like many other present day inventions, had a rather unlikely beginning. It can be taken with impunity by diabetic patients, to whom ordinary sugar is death, and it is many times sweeter than that commodity. And, strangely enough, it has only been known to science since 1887. That year Dr. Fahlberg was employed upon the all important subject of coal tar derivatives at the Johns Hopkins university. Sitting one evening at tea, he was surprised to find how sweet his bread and butter tasted. He traced the sweetness to his fingers, then to his coat sleeves and finally to one of the bowls of derivatives in his laboratory. Experiments upon himself and animals proved alike the harmlessness of the compound and its extreme sweetness. And saccharin was "discovered."—Exchange. Marines and Their Fingers. Men with long, tapering "piano" fingers are apt to desert after short service, while those having stubby digits, denoting stability of character and utter lack of the artistic temperament, usually stand by their oaths and make the best marines, according to finger print experts at headquarters of the United States marine corps. Although desertions from the corps are light at all times, it has been found that actors, sign writers and, strange to say, waiters furnish the largest number of deserters. Records, including finger prints, of all men enlisted in the marine corps are kept at headquarters for purposes of identification, and there are cases on record where bodies with finger tips intact have been positively identified through the finger print medium. Quite Common. "It's strange what interest small boys and girls take in boasting about the possessions of themselves and their families." Mollie, aged nine, and Nancy, a year younger, were trying to outmatch each other at this game, and Mollie was several points ahead in the contest. "Oh, you should see my mother's fan!" she boasted, thinking to make her victory complete. "It's lovely—all hand painted." Nancy tossed a scornful head. "Pooh!" she retorted. "That's nothing. So's our garden fence." Bold Court Fool. Ferdinand II. was a man of very uncertain moods and would allow his jester to take liberties with him one hour while resenting any familiarity the next. One day he turned round on Jonas, his favorite fool, and thundered: "Fellow, be silent! I never stoop to talk to a fool!" "Never mind that," answered Jonas. "I do. So please listen to me in your turn." To Make Sure: "Won't you please leave the light burning in the hall, mother?" pleaded little Robert as he was being put to bed. "Nonsense, Bobbie?" was the reply. "Surely you know there isn't anything to be afraid of in the dark." "Yes, I know, but can't you leave a teeny weeny light so I can see there isn't anything there?" Exchange. Bob Burdette's Aside. When Bob Burdette was addressing the graduating class of a large eastern college for women he began his remarks with the usual salutation, "Young ladies of '97." Then in a horrified aside he added, "That's an awful age for a girl!" Envelopes. Envelopes were practically unknown before 1725. About that time one was seen semi-occasionally. As late as 1850 letters were often sent folded and sealed. Envelopes may be said to have come into use shortly after 1844.-Exchange. Badly Timed. Nephew—I tried to get a raise today aunt, but the boss refused it. Mrs Blunderby—Too bad. Dicky! Perhaps you didn't approach him at the zoological moment.—Boston Transcript. Atlas Rejoices. Atlas bore the world on his shoulders. "It is much easier than having it on your conscience." he explained—New York Sun. The virtue of justice consists in moderation as regulated by wisdom.—Aristotle. PAGE SIX FOOD PRICES SOAR Country Wide Investigation Planned by Department of Justice. BREAD AND MILK ARE HIGHER Producers Declare That Whole Subject of Transportation of Milk Should Be Brought Before the Interstate Commerce Commission to Get a Report on Existing Conditions. Washington.—Agents of the department of justice are watching efforts to raise the price of bread and milk. While they entertain the private opinion that there is some justification for the rise in the price of milk, they express doubt that the rise would be justified in the case of bread, despite reports from Chicago, Memphis, Birmingham and other cities in which the prices have been raised. A committee representing milk producers asked Carl S. Vrooman, acting secretary of agriculture, to investigate J. B. CARL S. VROOMAN. the situation in regard to the milk supply for Washington and other large cities, with the purpose of ascertaining a reasonable basis for adjusting prices in summer and winter. Complaint also was made of transportation charges. The practice of the roads coming into Washington is not uniform, but a majority charge 2½ cents a gallon or 25 cents for a ten gallon can, no matter what the length of the haul may be up to fifty miles. When milk is 16 cents a gallon the producer, it was said, paid 16 per cent to the railroad company for taking his product into the city. The claim was also made that the farmer has to stand the cost and upkeep of containers and himself load the milk on the car, while the dealer takes it off. The producers say that the whole subject of transportation of milk should be brought before the interstate commerce commission and regulated. Mr. Vrooman assured the producers that the department of agriculture would make a country wide investigation of the milk industry and designated W. J. Spillman, chief of the farm management division, and B. H. Rawle, chief of the dairy division, to conduct such an inquiry and report on existing conditions. SCHOOL ON WHEELS. Children of Railway Employees Are Being Educated. Salt Lake, Utah — A school on wheels is operated on the rails of the Southern Pacific company. In an extra section gang under Foreman Taft, who has a crew of fifty men on Superintendent Whalen's Los Angeles division, there are twenty-five or more children who are being taught daily in a box car which has been fitted up with benches. They have a teacher who instructs them daily in English and Spanish and in primary work. The results thus far have not only been satisfactory, but the class of men in the gang remains high. As the gang moves along from place to place so does the car car, and the children never have to miss a day's attendance. PAINTED HEN TO TRACE IT. Mrs. O'Hare Saw Artificially Spotted Pet In Another Yard. Paterson, N. J.—When she saw a green spotted chicken wandering for lorny about the yard of Alexander Miller, Mrs. Nellie O'Hare called a policeman and had the man arrested on a charge of purloining her hens. Mrs. O'Hare does not raise fowls decorated in a green polka dot pattern, but so many of her feathered charges had disappeared these moonlit nights that she had taken a paint can and brush and decorated them in the hope of tracing them. Girl In Wires Rescues Kitten. Los Angeles, Cal.—Daring death by electrocution in a network of high voltage wires. Miss Gertrude Hemingway a pretty Venice girl, rescued a tiny kitten by climbing a fifty foot telegraph pole. The kitten had been perched on the pole for two days when Miss Hemingway performed the rescue. Miss Hemingway lives on Washington boulevard and said that she could not find a man brave enough to scale the pole. BALDHEADED ALASKAN BEARS Volcanic Ash Brings Hardship to Bruin on Kadiak Island. Seward, Alaska.—It will take more than two or three years of enforced diet of straight meat and fish and a loss of hair to seriously set back the bear population of Kadiak island, according to D. Winn of the United States bureau of fisheries. Kadiak island, says Mr. Winn, in 1912 was covered with volcanic ash at no point at a depth less than eleven inches. The ash killed all vegetation, and as all bears are fond of a mixed diet of meat, fish and vegetables, they found 1913 and 1914 unpleasant from a dietary standpoint. Another effect of the fall of ash, according to Mr. Winn, was the havoc it created with the furry coats of the animals. Bald headed bears are now as common on Kadikai island as bald headed men in the front row of a musical comedy. The ash sifted down on to the skins of the animals as it fell, and the first rain turned it to lye, which had the effect of almost tanning the skins of the bears while yet a part of their personal effects. WHITTLES VIOLIN FINGERS. Player Hopes to Increase His Proficiency by Surgery. Wichita, Kan.—In order to become a more proficient violin artist Mark Sandfort, a member of an orchestra here, had a piece of flesh taken from each of his six fingers. The incisions were drawn together and sewn with horsehair. The operation was performed by Dr. H. S. Hickok, and Sandfort will be able to remove the bandages soon. Sandfort has won a reputation as a violinist. However, his execution of musical selections was not as good as he desired it to be. He hit upon a plan. He would have his fingers whittled down. He waited until the season closed and had the operation performed. According to physicians, this is the first time that an operation of this kind has been performed. BOY FALLS: SERVICE STOPS Pastor and Congregation See Lad Hit by Electric Current. Little Rock, Ark.—Kenneth McEwen, eleven years of age, was electrocuted thirty feet in the air on a lighting tower in view of the congregation of a church that was holding services on the church lawn because of the heat. The boy was knocking the wire that supplied current to the lights on the tower against the steel frame to produce sparks. Suddenly a flash of blue flames enveloped him, and he plunged downward, fracturing his skull on the pavement below. He died in a hospital a few minutes later. The pastor of the church, the Rev. E P. Aldredge, was preaching a special sermon to boys. He rushed over, aided in placing the dying lad in an ambulance and then resumed his sermon, using the accident as a warning to the boys. GIRL'S PROFIT IN HOGS. Raising Swine Not a Finishing School For Debutantes. Holtville, Cal. - Raising hogs for pleasure and profit is the occupation of Miss Josie Fuller, seventeen, the youngest and best all around feminine pork producer in the Imperial valley. It is her ambition to become the best expert on hogs in her district. Her herd numbers fifty strong and is increasing. "Pig culture isn't aesthetic work, of course," said Miss Fuller. "It can't be considered a finishing school for debutantes, but there's money in it." She has established a record of developing her porkers for the market at a cost of $3½ cents a pound. "Women may not admire hogs, but if they don't it's because they know so little about them. Once interested they become just as capable as men in handling swine." TWO DEATHS IN ONE HOME. Sees Mother-in-law Stricken With Heart Failure, Then Dies. Philadelphia - Stricken with heart failure just after she had called her son to dinner at noon, Mrs. Rebecca Thomas, seventy-three years old, a sister of Jesse Pratt, former mayor of Camden, fell dead in the dining room of her Camden home. Mrs. Madeline Thomas, her daughter-in-law, who was in an adjoining room, ran to her assistance and was leaning over her, trying to lift her form to a couch, when she, too, collapsed and fell lifeless. ANOTHER QUITS SING SING. Officials Think Prisoner Swam to Liberty. Ossining, N. Y.--"I'm going into the garden to get some tomatoes for break fast," said Elmer Schultz, a prisoner at Sing Sing, as he walked out of the power house, where he was doing duty as a fireman. Some hours later the big whistle tooted the message that another prisoner had escaped. Prison officials had then found two iron pickets had been pulled apart and concluded that Schultz went through the opening, dived into the Hudson and swam to liberty. Lost Dog Returned Home. New York. After a year's absence a beagle belonging to Louis W. Well of Flushing. N. Y. returned home. Mr. Well went on a hunting trip a year ago and took the beagle along. He lost the dog. The dog seemed to enjoy its homecoming, and the Well family showed its delight in a way that tickled the dog's palate. THE BROAD AX. CHICAGO. SEPTEMBER 23, 1916. REWARDS FRIENDS Retired Manufacturer Remembers Couple Who Aided Him. MAKES BEQUEST OF $25,000 Had Fled Menace of Zeppelins In His Own Country—In His Will He Declared That Money Was Left Because of "Unusual Kindness." Philadelphia.—Kindness pays; usually it pays only with happiness. Kindness means doing your best without hope of gain. Show kindness to the stranger; he may be a disguised angel. But be kind to him anyway; he may need your help. Each opportunity to do a kindness comes but once; don't let one slip. Fortune came to Mr. and Mrs. Cyrus Jared Gray. It came to their home in this city in guise of a stranger who lingered a couple of days and died. But he left them $25,000 or property approximating that amount. He was Adolph Geyer, retired London manufacturer, who died the menace of Zeppelins in his own country. In his will he said the money was left so because of "unusual kindness." "But we only did what we could for a fellow being in distress," Mrs. Gray said. "We had no idea of compensation. He seemed just friendless and ill." "The first I saw of him was when a taxi stopped in front of the house. The driver didn't seem to know where to go, and I went out and asked if I could help. Then I saw that Mr. Geyer wasn't able to go any further." It was early last June that the taxi stopped in Walnut street. The Gray home is one of a row of apartments, old fashioned and unpretentious. But it is pleasant, with vines over the door and porch set with cushioned chairs. It was here that Geyer came after he had found hotels full because of the ad. men's convention. "I keep boarders, and one room happened to be unoccupied," Mrs. Gray explained. "He had stopped the machine and asked the driver to go to the nearest doctor. He'd been taken ill on the train from New York and rapidly grew worse. We carried him into the house and to bed. The physician we called soon saw there was no help for him." In the will he made just before his death Geyer said that he had no next of kin or relatives. RADIO BETWEEN AEROPLANES Message Sent and Received When Machines Were In Flight. San Diego, Cal.-What is said to be an important advance in the field of aeronautical radiotelephony was achieved here when a wireless message was sent from one aeroplane in flight to another. Captain C. C. Culver in an army machine piloted by Lieutenant Herbert Dargue received the message, which was transmitted a distance of several miles by Lieutenant W. A. Robertson, who was in another machine guided by A. D. Smith. The message, which read, "National aviation field sets new world's records," was received distinctly by Captain Culver. According to Captain Culver, this is the first time on record in this country and perhaps in the world that a wireless message has been received by one aeroplane from another while both machines were in flight. BABY SERVED IN A LAWSUIT One-year-old Heir to Share In Million Dollar Portage Summoned. Bridgeport, Conn.—A one-year-old baby was served with papers in a lawsuit when Deputy Sheriff Cunningham went to Riverside and found little Helen Green at the palatial summer home of her father, Harold Rumsey Green. The baby is one of twenty heirs of James Green, who died in St. Louis in 1914, leaving an estate of $1,000,000. Two of the heirs, Laura C. Littlebrant and Marian C. Littlebrant of St. Louis, have brought suit to have the will set aside on the ground that Green was in competent. Cow Mothers Young Pigs. Milton. Del.-Because his cow had been milked dry every evening and his family had been compelled to do without milk or butter John Henderson of Broadkiln Neck set up with a gun the other night in the hope of catching the thief. He was astonished to find that the cow was a willing victim of his young pigs, who took turns sucking milk while the old cow lay on the ground for their better provision. The cow is now pasturing within a hog tight fence. Eats Eel That Nearly Drowned Him. Rochester. N. Y. - While County Clerk William S. Cornwell of Pena Yan was in swimming he cried for help, and when rescuers brought him to shore a five pound eel was found fastened to his right foot. The eel was killed and dressed, and in the evening Cornwell and his friends dined off the fish that nearly drowned him. Big Pelican Killed. Middlesboro, Ky.—A beautiful pelican was killed on a farm near Arthr. Tenn., recently. It was a large bird, white with black tips on the wings, which measured seven feet from tip to tip. Its bill measured twelve inches in length, and it stood five feet high. ```markdown ``` AREFULLY SEARCH ALL WHO LEAVE GERMANY Eare, Nose, Teeth and Toes Are Closely Examined For Information. Copenhagen.—Every one who leaves Germany by way of Warnemuende for Denmark is stripped. Ears, nose, teeth and toes are examined to see that no information or plans for the enemy are being carried out. Reichstag members, wives of officials, correspondents and laborers are treated the same. When travelers leave the train they enter a small wooden shed, resembling a temporary bathhouse at an American beach. Here the passports are taken away and examined. The holders are given numbers. When the passport of a traveler, is inspected he is called into another room, where he is questioned about the object of his journey. From here the wayfarer goes into a large room where baggage is examined, while detectives stand in front and back to see that nothing is slipped by. Every scrap of paper or cardboard is taken away, even wrappings and paper lining to boxes. Cotton is removed from medicine bottles. Cigars are examined, some are cut open; chocolate in sealed packages is opened, the wrapping destroyed and half the chocolate is broken up into bits to see that nothing is hidden. Shoes with new half sores are opened. The searcher feels everything, examines canes to see if they are hollow, opens umbrellas and holds every collar up to the light to see that nothing is written on the lining. FRANCE PLANNING FOR TUNNEL TO ENGLAND Passageway Would Cost $80,000,000, Half to Be Borne by Each Country. Paris.—France has taken all necessary steps to enter into negotiations with England to build jointly a tunnel under the English channel to connect the two countries, the long talked of project, which the war has revived because it has demonstrated as nothing else could the value of the tube to both countries. Had the tunnel been in existence in the present conflict it could have been of immeasurable value to England and France for the transportation of troops and supplies and would have liberated French and British war vessels from one of their biggest tasks. The plans were outlined by M. Sar tiaux, chief engineer of the Nord Rail way company, who is one of the strong est advocates of the project. He said: "The tunnel would cost $80,000,000, half of which would be borne by Engl land and half by France. Each coun try would build one-half of the tunnel Britain is spending just now $30,000,000 a day and France $20,000,000, so that two days' war time expenditure of both countries would more than cover the cost of making the tunnel. "It is proposed to make two tunnels—one for traffic from France to England, another for traffic from England to France. Some people seem to think a cross channel tunnel might be a danger because it might fall into the hands of the enemy. To capture the French end would not be an easy task. The mouth of the tunnel on French soil would be ten miles from the coast, and in order to reach it the enemy would have to capture Calais and negotiate three intervening hills of an average height of 150 feet." MAYOR LEADS IN BIRD WAR. Poughkeepie's Executive Gets Hunters to Shoot Starlings. Poughkeepsie. — To exterminate a flock of blackbirds and starlings which have disturbed the morning repose of the wealthy residents Mayor Daniel W. Wilbur led a band of twelve hunters against the birds at sundown. Armed with shotguns and rifles they attracted several thousand persons, and the police reserves were called out to keep the spectators at a safe distance. "Colonel Roosevelt has nothing on us when it comes to hunting, I guess," said Mayor Wilbur, standing in his auto directing the attack. "There is no law protecting blackbirds and starlings, and the war will be continued until the last bird is killed." Soon after the firing began one of the hunters killed two robins. The hunter was deprived of his license on the spot and will be prosecuted by the local game protector KRAFT $500,000 WILL FILED. "Old Tanner" of Bronxville Left Piano Secret to Sons. White Plains, N. Y.-The will of the late Frederick W. Kraft, known as the "old tanner" of Bronxville, who left an estate estimated to be worth close to $500,000, was filed for probate with Surrogate Sawyer at White Plains. Mr. Kraft, who was eighty-one, held the secret process for the manufacture of high grade leather, which is used in piano keys. The secret was imparted to his sons. William F. and John Kraft, before his death, and after leaving them the bulk of his fortune he requests them to continue the leather business in Bronxville. After leaving his grandson, William Dinsmore Kraft, his gold watch and all his valuable diamonds, the decedent bequeaths $2,000 to Frank Gallow, described as "the young man I raised." Marconi Finds Nothing Notable Has Been Perfected During War. USE OF POISONOUS GASES OLD Big Lesson of Conflict In Europe Is One of Organization and Transportation. At Work on Signal System Which Will Render Far More Difficult Submarine Warfare. Rome.—No notable scientific discoveries or inventions are growing out of the great war, in the opinion of William Marconi, the wireless inventor. In a recent interview he declared: "As for war inventions, on the whole there have been no great ones that occur to me. Most of them have been minor ones or applications of knowledge previously at our disposal, as in the case of poison gas, if these may X WILLIAM MARCONI ON WAY TO FRONT. be named at all. In my own field there has been some advance in practical wireless by which we are now able to direct the artillery fire of a ship by signals from aeroplanes, which has been made possible largely through the big improvements in air craft. "The big lesson in Europe has been one of organization of the physical handling of big material problems by the armies. I doubt if any one before this war ever realized the meaning and value of railroad transportation on a large scale, as it is practiced in the United States. Europe, too, has learned how to do big industrial jobs overnight, to assemble raw materials and turn out needed factory products. "I refuse to play the prophet role, so I would rather not say how many of these war products will be of use to us when peace comes." Since the beginning of the war Mr. Marconi has had unusual opportunity for observing the practical side of the war, having early put his scientific knowledge at the service of his country. As a senator of the kingdom he has visited England, Belgium, France and other countries and introduced industrial and shipping reforms. In his capacity as military officer he has come into close relation with army and navy and given the benefit of his science and business organization knowledge to munition factories. LOST DOLLAR HAS CLAIMANT Writer States Money Belonged to a Friend Who Was Killed. Paterson, N. J.-The dollar bill on which somebody wrote, "The last of ten thousand," and which was found in the pay envelope of a street sweeper has found a claimant. City Treasurer Harry Corwin of Paterson has received a letter written in a woman's hand and signed "I. A. Gibbs." It came from Fond du Lac, Wis., and the writer asked Mr. Corwin to send the bill to that address. The writer said she or he thought the bill had belonged to a friend who had met death in an accident April 22 last after spending thousands of dollars. Mr. Corwin sent on the bill, as requested. The writer said she or he had recently read of the discovery of the note. PAID TO REMAIN WIDOWER George Getzgar's Wife Awards Him $25 Weekly—Leaves $100,000. New York.—GeorgeGetzgar of Sheeps- head Bay will get $25 a week from his wife's estate so long as he remains a widower. This will was filed with the surrogates of Kings county. Mrs. Getz gar died Aug. 7, leaving $100,000. The greater part of her estate goes to St. Peter's Lutheran church of Brooklyn and the Warburg Orphans' Farm school at Mount Vernon. Her son, Henry Gleisten, inherits her Jew elry and household goods and the income from the residue of the estate. On his death one-quarter of the resi- due will be divided among relatives, her husband if he survives participat- ing in the division. British Casualties In One Week 27,591 London.-For the first week in September the total casualties of all ranks in all the British armies were 27,591, the war office announced. Of these 901 were officers, 240 of whom were killed. There were 5,238 men killed out of 26,690 casualties. The total killed was 5,468 officers and men. SNAKE CHARMERS HAVE VARIETY OF REPTILES Kansas Boys Have Produced New Sensation In Vicinity of Home. Salina, Kan.—Two small boys, Willie and Robert Shorl, the elder of whom is but fourteen, have produced a new sensation in the vicinity of their home at Five Mile, where they have a big cage full of writhing, twisting snakes of many varieties. They play with these reptiles without the least sign of fear, going through with all the stunts of professional snake charmers. The snakes coil themselves about the boys' necks and bodies. The lad look in the eyes of their pets steadily as they play with them, and they handle them with the skill of a professional. The collection consists of black snakes, blue racers, chicken snakes and three ugly looking "rattlers." On Saturday they usually go down on Snake Branch and hunt for more reptiles. However, these new reptiles are not placed with their "pets," but are kept in a separate cage and are usually shipped to owners of small shows and museums, from whom they get from $3 to $5 for each snake. Neither of the boys has ever been bitten. The older boy gave a leucore on snakes before the pupils of the Shoal Creek school. He astonished teacher and pupils alike by his classification of reptiles, giving their Latin names and discussing the harmless or dangerous varieties, taking each from a box as he explained its varied habits. ASKS THAT ALL HOLIDAYS BE CELEBRATED SATURDAY Montclair Banker Inaugurates National Movement For Dates at Week End. Montclair, N. J. - A holiday that would be celebrated over the entire North American continent north of the Rio Grande is one of the possibilities of the Saturday full holiday national movement that has been started here by Alfred N. Chandler, a banker, at 54 Gates avenue. The movement is to be of wide scope, and headquarters, in charge of Mr. Chandler, are to be opened in Newark. The object of the movement is to have the present "fixed date" holidays, except Christmas and New Year's days, shifted to specified Saturdays nearest the dates of their present observance, and as an equivalent offset in annual holiday hours thus gained, the adoption of eight Saturday full holidays in the summer time, including Independence and Labor days. Whether Washington was born on the twenty-second calendar day of February or on the third Saturday of February; whether Lincoln was born on the twelfth calendar day of February or on the second Saturday of February; whether the Declaration of Independence was adopted on the fourth calendar day of July or on the first Saturday of July; whether Columbus discovered the western hemisphere on the twelfth calendar day of October or on the second Saturday of October—none of these precise dates of the calendar is of paramount importance when compared with the spirit of the event commemorated in the minds of those who are behind the Saturday full holiday national movement. "The business and professional man in these days begins the week's work on Monday mornings keyed up in spirit for five or five and a half days of continued and uninterrupted effort." said Mr. Chandler in speaking of the movement. "but on the average in every sixth week there comes with a bang a legal holiday in the middle of the week. At such times it becomes difficult to throw off the pressure, to relax, to get the holiday spirit." DRILLED. MERCURY AT 130. Japanese Troops Wore Anything They Pleased In Formosa. Tokyo.—American militiamen striling on the Mexican border in terrific heat may cool off when they hear that 2,000 Japanese soldiers marched and maneuvered twelve days in Formosa with the mercury as high as 130 degrees F. And only three cases of sunstroke were reported in the entire period. The first nine days were spent in constant marching, the troops covering 100 miles. Because of the heat the soldiers were permitted to wear any clothing they pleased. Some were hat mets, some straw hats, some hilted underskirts or a thin kimono. Falls Forty Feet on Man's Back. Chester, Pa. "See a pin and pick it up all that day you'll have good luck. murmured Thomas Delaney as he ped to pick up a pin at the foot of a scaffold. Then Joseph Gest, aged sixteen, came tumbling from the top of the scaffold and alighted on the for mer's back. Gest's tumble was over forty feet, and while he was severely injured, he will recover, physicians say Delaney was only slightly jarred and continued at work. Undutiful Sixty-year-old Son. Camden, N. J. - William Brun, an undutiful son of some sixty summers, was sentenced to twenty days in the county jail by City Magistrate Stackhouse here for disorderly conduct. William had been intoxicated and had talked back when his ninety-year-old father read him an anti-alcohol lecture and then had resisted punishment. CITIZENS' CHANCE TO END TAX EVILS End Tax Conditions In Illinois Due to Constitutional Uniform Tax Requirements—To Be Voted On. MUST HAVE MAJORITY NOV. 7 Escape of Intangible Property Values From Taxation and Increased Tax Burden on Real Estate Caused by the Uniformity Rule. Citizens of Illinois will have the opportu- nity at the November election to change the basis of the present tax system and make possible modern and just tax laws. The last general assembly in re- sponse to widespread popular demand submitted an amendment to the rever- nue article of the constitution and thus put responsibility for tax reform squared up to the voters. Taxpayers in Illinois have long been aware that the Illinois system was imperfect. They have known that it was not a good revenue producer. At the same time, in too many instances, they have realized that it is unfair—resulting in injustice—and the spectacle of laws defied. Very often, in fact, generally, our laws are just and practical, and when not enforced the failure arises from official neglect. But our tax laws are not of the enforceable class. This is due to the fact that since they were enacted the property conditions they were intended to act upon have been transformed by economic changes. In 1840 the total full value of all kinds of property in the state was less than $60,000,000. The state tax rate was 20 cents on each $100 valuation. At the present time the full valuation of all kinds of property in the state is about $8,000,000,000. The increase has been more than a hundred times. And the tax rate is two or three times as great as it was in 1840. The total receipts of the state treasury for 1840 was a little more than $300,000. Now they are nearly one hundred times as much. 1916 Taxes on 1818 Basis. The constitutional requirements in relation to the assessment and taxation of property now are the same as they were in 1840. In fact, they are the same as they were in 1818, when the total revenues of the state were only about $50,000 a year. When our taxation system was adopted there was little or nothing in the state except lands and the visible personal property of the agriculturist. The constitution and laws were built upon the supposition that all property was visible and that it would remain so. In fact, our constitution is a tangible property tax constitution—and the courts in interpreting it have tended to make it even more so. In the economic development of Illinois new forms of property have arisen. These are known as intangible values. They are made up of secondary forms of value. There are mortgages, money and credits, bonds, stocks of out-of-state corporations, notes and other evidences of interest or debts. Practically none of these is taxed. And as a class they constitute the intangible values which have developed as the state has grown from about a quarter of a million of taxable values in the 50's to nearly eight billions. Intangible Property Hard to Tax Intangible Property Hard to Tax. The law makes it the duty of the assessor to discover and assess these values. The very fact that they cannot be seen—like lands, railroads, factories—makes it impossible to discover and assess them by the same clerical methods. Drastic inquisitorial methods would have to be employed. All citizens would have to be hated before the assessor and made to tell everything—as persons of taxable incomes now have to submit to questionary by federal inspectors. And if this were done what would be the result? More taxes? By no means. The person assessed once on his intangibles would simply move them to another state, where taxes on them would not be confiscatory of a third or more of the income, as they are in Illinois. The pending amendment will make it possible for the legislature to enact laws providing assessing and taxing methods for intangibles that will be as reasonable as other states have adopted. By this means intangible values will be retained in the state, will be induced to present themselves for taxation, the revenue will be increased and the assessing and taxing machinery made simple and workable. Necessity of voting for the amendment, because it must have a majority of all the votes cast November 7, is urged. Tax Amendment Committee. A complete organization for educational work promotive of a full understanding of the amendment and the need for it has been effected. This committee is the agency through which all other organizations are acting and has prepared the reading matter necessary for the campaign. Literature or specific information may be obtained from Illinois Tax Amendment Committee; Frank I. Mann, Chairman, Gilman, Illinois; S. B. Montgomery, Vice-Chairman, Quincy, Illinois; Doug Sutherland, Secretary, 804 The People, Chicago, Illinois TAX LAWS PERMIT ESCAPE OF WEALTH Secretary of State and Attorney General Issue Official Statement as to Proposed Change. NEEDED REVISION POSSIBLE. Amendment Would Permit "Suitable Rates and Methods for Just and Sure Taxation, Instead of Present Method Which Allows Millions to Escape." There is no good reason why any person—even although he is not generally a student of such matters—should not fully understand the pending tax amendment to the Illinois constitution. It is simple, and, in fact, interesting and worthy of study. The amendment is printed below, in full. As will be seen it does not insert into the constitution anything unusual or revolutionary. It merely takes out of the constitution the requirement that the general assembly shall observe the rule of uniformity in taxation. That is to say, the legislature cannot classify the different kinds of property according to kind and put a different rate on each class. The pending amendment simply removes this restriction from the constitution, but only as to personal property. It does not affect real estate. The amendment follows: Text of the Amendment. Article IX, Sec. 14.—From and after the date when this section shall be in force the powers of the general assembly over the subject matter of the taxation of personal property shall be as complete and unrestricted as they would be if sections one, three, nine and ten of this article of the constitution did not exist; provided, however, that any tax levied upon personal property must be uniform as to persons and property of the same class within the jurisdiction of the body imposing the same, and all exemptions from taxation shall be by general law, and shall be revocable by the general assembly at any time. The secretary of state, in compliance with law, has sent to county clerks throughout the state a statement—approved by Attorney General Lucey—for use in election notices, explaining the amendment. After quoting the sections of the constitution to be affected the statement says: "The only basis upon which taxes may be levied is that of the valuation of property. If the proposed amendment should be adopted, said section 1 of article 9 would be changed by the amendment so as to permit the legislature to enact laws which would substitute different and suitable rates and methods for the just and sure taxation of each of the various classes of personal property, instead of the present so-called "uniform" method, which results in the escape of millions from taxation. Improved Tax System Possible "Laws passed pursuant to said amendment may provide for the assessment of intangible property at a lower rate than other forms of property, it being a matter of common knowledge that a comparatively large part of the intangible property of this state escapes taxation. Therefore, tangible property, such as real estate and various forms of personal property must bear d'proportionate burdens. "The proposed amendment would affect section 3, to the extent that laws may be passed by the legislature, classifying the personal property which may or may not be exempted by the general assembly, provided that an exemption made must be by general and not special law, and shall not be contractual but revocable at any time." "Under the proposed amendment sections 9 and 10, would be affected by the amendment to the extent that laws may be passed by the general assembly permitting municipal corporations to levy taxes on personal property according to classes, in such manner as the general assembly may provide by law as it may elect. "The general assembly may provide by law a different rate of tax on different classes of personal property which the general assembly, as it sees fit, shall provide for by law, but the tax rate shall be uniform as to all property in each class." Practically there is no opposition to the amendment—certainly none that is likely to be actively effective. But, in this there is danger, for the reason that the amendment may be beaten, even though it have more votes cast for it than are cast against it. This is because the constitution provides that the amendment must receive a majority of the votes of all the electors voting at the election at which the amendment is submitted. The Illinois Constitution says: "The General Assembly shall have no power to propose amendments * * * to the same article oftener than once in four years." The pending amendment to article IX—Revenue, whether adopted or rejected, prevents the submission of any other tax amendment until 1920. It is recognized in Illinois, as in other states, that needed tax reforms relate almost, if not, entirely to personal property, tax rates and methods of assessment. The amendment entrusts the work of remodeling our personal property tax system to the General Assembly, and, to whom else can it be entrusted? THE BROAD AX, CHICAGO, SEPTEMBER 23, 1916. PROMINENT MASSION MORE MAGNATES LABORERS GOING TO WORK ALDERMEN OFFICE HOLDERS, ETC SOCIETY LEADERS If we believe the statistics of our enormous national wealth. PROMINENT MILLIONAIRE MAGNATES ALDERMEN OFFICE HOLDERS ETC SOCIETY LEADERS LABORERS GOING TO WORK PROMINENT MILLIONAIRE MANAGATES ALDERMEN, OFFICE HOLDERS ETC SOCIETY LEADERS If we believe the personal property tax returns AMENDMENT HISTORY Hard Work Has Been Done For Many Years. Pending Amendment Recommended by Tax Commission Appointed by Governor Deneen in 1910. The pending amendment to the constitution, to be voted upon November 7, is not the result of a sudden caprice on the part of the legislature. For a decade at least Illinois publicists, tax officials and newspapers have been aware that solution of the problem of Illinois was obstructed by the state constitution. The interfering feature of the constitution was the provision which requires that all taxable property shall be assessed and taxed uniformly. Other states, having similar constitutions, have amended them—or are moving to do so—so that their legislatures can legislate with intelligence and greater freedom in tax matters. The present movement for the amendment began to take effective form in 1910. In that year the Illinois special tax commission drafted the amendment now pending. This commission was appointed by Governor Deneen under authority of the Forty-sixth general assembly, 1909. The commission was made up of well-known publicists and students of tax problems in Illinois. They were: Messrs. John P. Wilson, Chicago, chairman; Edmund J. James, Urbana, secretary; Ben F. Caldwell, Springfield; A. M. Craig, since dead, Galesburg; A. P. Grout, Winchester; Harrison B. Riley and B. L. Winchell, Chicago This commission investigated the causes of the many evils in the Illinois assessment system and reported its recommendations for remedies to the Forty-seventh general assembly, recommended the submission by the general assembly and adoption by the voters of a new section to the revenue article of the constitution as a necessary first-step to any adequate revision of taxation laws in this state. This proposed new section is the amendment to be voted on November 7. In 1911 the commission prepared a voluminous report detailing its observations and conclusions concerning the tax condition in Illinois. Among other things is said: "The most serious difficulties appear in the assessment of personal intangible property, such as moneys and credits, mortgages, bonds and stocks. The assessment of such holdings on the same basis as tangible property appears to be impossible; while, if possible, the result would be highly unjust and inequitable. "Our study of the tax systems of other states shows clearly that other methods of taxation than the general property tax are both more equitable and, at the same time, more successful as means of raising public revenue from intangible property. But no such methods can be introduced in Illinois under the present constitutional restrictions requiring the taxation of all classes of property on an absolutely uniform basis. It therefore becomes necessary for any adequate change in the system of taxation, that the constitutional provisions should be amended." The Forty-ninth general assembly in session during the winter and spring of 1915, by a two-thirds vote in each house adopted a joint resolution submitting the proposed amendment to the voters at the election November 7, 1916. With a majority of all the votes cast at that election the amendment will become a part of the state organic law and the legislature, next winter, will have authority to take up the revision of our tax system, so far as personal property is concerned, and enact laws which will become operative July 1, 1917. However, far-reaching investigations of new tax methods employed in other states may require final action in another session. --- SOCIETY LEADERS LABORERS GOING TO WORK TAXES GROW HEAVIER Demands For New Public Service Require More Funds. Revenues. From Now-Untaxed Values Necessary to Secure Relief for Burdened Taxpayers. In considering the pending amendment to the constitution it is pointed out that larger public revenues are more and more required. For the most part this is due to improvement of public service demanded by the people and to extensions of public service. There was a time when we had no health service—and no tax for that purpose. In the same way there was a time when the insane poor were left on the hands of their relatives at large, a menace to the public. If they were paupers they were confined in the county poorhouse. Now they are housed in state institutions. Mothers' pensions are being utilized to preserve homes for dependent children instead of sending them into public institutions at public expense. Contagious diseases are segregated, tuberculosis is being stamped out. Educational institutions have been improved and extended and compulsory education is being enforced. Factory and tenement house inspection is being made more and more efficient. In cities, parks, bathing beaches and playgrounds are being increased and improved. In the country good roads are being extended in every direction. Primary elections and better election and ballot laws safeguard the efforts of the people to express their wishes and rule. The effect of all these and other items of government service has been to increase the revenue requirements of all governments—everywhere. Illinois is not an exception. It is not ahead of the procession. The conclusion from these facts is that larger revenues, instead of less, have got to be provided for the future. This means greatly increased taxation on real property, unless there is an extension of taxes to other values that now are practically untaxed. Under the existing Illinois revenue system all kinds of property—not exempt—are taxable at the same rate. This means that the mortgage is taxable at the same rate as the farm. But, as a matter of fact most nearly all mortgages escape taxation entirely. And it is the same way with bonds, stocks, credits, money in bank and all kinds of wealth other than tangible, visible things. That this failure to tax exists is due to intangibles—they cannot be discovered by the assessor. And likewise to tax many of them on full value at full tax rates would be to confiscate a large proportion of their incomes. However, it is recognized, even by the owners of them that they should be taxed in proportion to their ability to bear taxation. And all of this points directly toward the constitutional amendment to be voted for November 7, which will make it possible to derive public revenues from intangible value taxes. And, the voter who wishes to reorder our chaotic tax system and provide adequate incomes for our growing public needs should work for and vote for the amendment. To adopt it requires a majority of all the voters voting at the election. Increasing Public Expenditures A writer in the New York Times Annalist calls attention to the fact that public expenditures are outrunning the growth of population. Commenting on this article the Literary Digest says: "So far there being any mystery attending this increase, it is a thing that may be easily understood, once taxpayers consider what they have been getting for their money. There are better roads, better schools, better hospitals, because more money has been spent for them and the spending of this increase of money has made taxes higher." Better tax systems also are more and more demanded. Illinois Press Comment. Springfield News-Record: The present system overburdens land and other visible property. It permits intangible property to escape. Edwardsville Intelligencer: Popular willingness to give state legislatures the necessary authority to meet modern and advancing economic conditions, especially in states like New York and Maryland, where the vote was taken on a basis of actual experience, may be reflected in Illinois when the amendment is voted upon. Illinois State Journal: In all these years no one has raised his voice in defense of the existing scheme. Chicago Herald: If adopted by the people, as it will be, it (the amendment), will empower the general assembly to enact laws that will take note of the fact that income-producing power as well as market value, must be considered in any fair taxation system. Troy Call: The pending amendment will not of itself make any change in existing laws. Watseka Republican: Other, states have dealt with the tax problem with considerable success. Milan Independent: Years of effort have been spent by honesty-loving legislators in getting such an amendment through as we now have to vote upon. The Farmers' Review: Under the present system, which has been in vogue in Illinois since 1848, greater burdens are constantly heaped upon real property. Streator Free Press: The action of the legislature with reference to the taxing of Illinois is eminently timely. Galesburg Mail: There is nothing to lead us to believe that the people's verdict will not favor new tax laws. Elgin News: If all the property in Elgin were actually taxed, the revenue derived therefrom at the present rate would be more than ample. But it never has been and never will be under the present law. Kewanee Courier: Injustice and inequity should give way to fairness in our Illinois system of taxing and this action of the legislature (submission of the amendment) is a step in the right direction. Belleville News-Democrat: Other states, similar in character to Illinois, by modern and scientific methods, have made tax-dodging a rare offense, instead of a common habit, and have devised means for taxing effectively and justly those classes of property which largely escape in Illinois. Dixon Telegraph: In eastern states where the power of centralized wealth in great cities is greater than in Illinois, we see no tendency to exempt this vast (intangible) wealth, but rather the effective taxation of it on a basis, having some regard for the income and character of the property taxed. Monmouth Review: Let anyone invest his or her savings in bonds, stocks or mortgages, or let anyone put a sum in a savings bank, and Illinois demands annually half or two-thirds of the income from such securities or deposits. Pending Amendment Will Make Possible New and Fit Tax System. The states rank as to population: New York, first; Pennsylvania, second; Illinois, third. The great cities of the world, in the order of population are: London, New York, Paris (before the war), Chicago. It is not unlikely that Chicago is now the third city in population. Chicago by far is the second city in the United States—values considered—in manufacturing, and, in point of importance of industrial products, it is generally conceded to be the first. It is the greatest transportation center in the world, and, next to New York, the greatest financial center of the United States. It is a part of Illinois and Illinois is part and parcel of Chicago. In recent years Illinois has produced cereal crops 20 per cent greater in value than the next highest state. It is second in the production of bluminous coal and fifth as to petroleum and natural gas, third in the value of industrial products and fourth in the number of wage workers—probably first in the number of adult male workers. Measured by the best economic tests Illinois is the most important state in the Union. No state could be dispensed with less easily. The Illinoisan who sits in the background politically, producing these economic results, has sometimes found fault that closer attention is not given to state policies and better results secured. The pending amendment to the state constitution is a response to his requirements so far as taxation matters go. It will enable the legislature to enact laws that will give business enterprises of all sorts more encouragement, assuring them that they will not be driven from the state by the enforcement of tax policies which have been discarded by other states—especially states which rival and compete with Illinois for first place in material welfare. The amendment will make possible as low rates for farm, industrial and commercial loans as are possible anywhere. And, this will give added impetus to the development of the state. The amendment will be voted on November 7, and must have a majority of all the votes cast at the election to insure its adoption. PAGE SEVEN Illinois Press Comment. Rockford Star: The present system is iniquitous. No one attempts to defend it, for it cannot be defended. Olney Daily Mail: A constitutional amendment is offered to voters at the November election which will give unmistakable power to the legislature to afford relief. Shawneetown Democrat: Even if the voter does not mark his ballot it will count as a vote against the amendment, because the amendment must be voted for by a majority of all those who vote for members of the general assembly in order to make it a part of the constitution. Freeport Standard: No modern revision of our antiquated and unjust personal property tax laws will be possible if the amendment fails. It would be a sad waste of effort if this amendment should fail because of a lack of information or because a few citizens merely forgot about it. Freeport Bulletin: While taxes are a dry subject, and their discussion in the abstract is not always of compelling interest, there is a personal concern of practically all of us in the matter of taxes. Decatur Review: The tax amendment can be helped along materially by action taken by campaign committees of the different parties. Plainfield Enterprise: The present law places a premium on lying and dishonesty. It is hardly to be wondered at that the man who has a modest saving account in bank fails to schedule it for taxation. Galesburg Republican Register: It is important that the attention of all be centered on this amendment to the end that it may receive the necessary vote to adopt it. Rockford Register Gazette: The present Illinois system exempts illegally a vast amount of wealth of certain kinds and taxes other property doubly and trebly. Canton Register: The proposed amendment will give the legislature power to adjust the taxing system to present needs. Without doubt practically all who vote on the amendment will vote for it. There is almost no opposition. The danger is in indifference. Unless the people are sufficiently interested to mark the little ballot the amendment will fail. Danville Commercial News: The idea of the tax amendment is to pass a law which will enable the collection of taxes from intangible property owners, who at present evade taxation, because the rate is so high they cannot pay it. Piano News: The Illinois tax system is a school for dishonesty, with the state for teacher. For that reason every voter in the state should post himself on the amendment that is to be voted on November 7. Paris Beacon: The approval of a majority of the male vote of the state will be necessary to make this amendment a part of our constitution. The Prairie Farmer: Of most direct interest to farmers, of course, is the double taxation of mortgaged land. Chicago Tribune: Give the voters the fact, the truth, and they will vote emphatically to abolish the impossible general property tax. Chicago Examiner: There can be no excuse for a failure to give Illinois the very best tax system pointed out by the research and experience of our sister states. DOUBLE TAXATION FAULT OF SYSTEM Undue Taxation of Evidences of Indebtedness Makes Debtor Pay Twice. A conspicuous injustice which the constitutional amendment, to be voted on November 7, will make it possible to remedy, is double taxation. The taxation of mortgage property and of mortgages as well as some other forms of intangible value occasions frequent complaint of "double taxation." Most farms and most homes in Illinois today are bought on the part-payment plan, a little cash and a note secured by mortgage being given by the purchaser. A mortgage on land is taxable. And in effect is double taxation. Two tax values have been created where only one before existed. In paying the interest the mortgage must pay all or part of the tax which the mortgagee is obligated to pay. The fact that the mortgagee evades taxation generally does not benefit the mortgage. Mortgaged land is land burdened with double taxation. Suppose that a man sells a horse for say $200 and takes a note for it, the note becomes taxable. Suppose, further, that the buyer sells the horse to another man for another note, this second note becomes taxable. This same horse may be sold indefinitely on credit creating a taxable value each time that it is sold. Many other examples might be cited. The merchant who buys a stock of goods on credit may have in bank on assessment day the money to pay his debt. In that case, the money, the goods and the credit are all three subject to taxation and the merchant cannot, now, offset his debt against his money in bank nor the goods on his abalves. Modern laws regard mortgages and kindred values as differing in character from other property and tax them according to ability to bear the tax. Greater justice and a better basis for revenue result. TEENAN JON TEENAN JONES' PLACE 3445 SOUTH STATE STREET Telephone Douglas 4591 The finest and most UP-TO BUFFET and CAFE on the Side. First-Class Entertainer HENRY "TEENAN" JONES, Prop The finest and most UP-TO-DATE BUFFET and CAFE on the South Side. First-Class Entertainers. HENRY "TEENAN" JONES, Proprietor. Phone Randolph 4758 Residence, 2802 S. Tripp Ave. Phone Lawndale 7055 C. J. Waring Attorney and Counselor at Law Suite 18, 143 North Dearborn Street CHICAGO Franklin A. Denison ATTORNEY AT LAW 36 West Randolph St., Chicago Suite 708 Delaware Building Tel. Central 3142 FRANK DUNN} Trustees Established 1877 J. B. McCAHEY TEL. OAKLAND 1550, 1551, 1552 JOHN J. DUNN WHOLESALE COAL RETAIL Fifty-First and Armour Avenue RAILYARDS 81st St. and L. S. & M. S. 81st St. and Armour Ave. THE BROAD AX In this city since July 15th, 1899, without missing one single issue, Republians, Democrats, Catholics, Protestants, single Taxers, Priests, infidels or anyone else can have their say as long as their language is proper and responsibility is fixed. The Broad Ax is a newspaper whose platform is broad enough for all, ever claiming the editorial right to speak its own mind. Local communications will receive attention. Write only on one side of the paper. Subscriptions must be paid in advance. One Year.....$2.00 Six Months.....1.00 Advertising rates made known on application. Address all communications to THE BROAD AX 6418 Champlain Ave., Chicago, Ill. PHONE WENTWORTH 2697. JULIUS F. TAYLOR, Editor and Publisher. Entered as Second-Class Matter Aug 19, 1902, at the Post Office at Chicago Illinois, under Act of March 3, 1879. Silence and Speech. The chief office of silence is to bury all that is evil, and the chief office of speech is to disclose and disseminate all that is good. Let this be done with sincerity and earnestness, for its ultimate benefit to character and to conduct is established beyond a doubt. Classified. Teacher—Willie, you may name three personal pronouns. Willie—He, she and it. Teacher—To what would all three apply? Willie—To a husband, wife and baby.—Exchange. How They Love Each Other! How They Love Each Other! Agnes (yawning)-Oh, dear! I feel today as if I were thirty years old. Marie-Why, what have you been doing to rejuvenate yourself? - Boston Transcript. Her Definition. "Can you tell me what a smile is?" asked a gentleman of a little girl. "Yes, sir. It's the whisper of a laugh."—London Answers. Oh. Did It? Patience -- What did you think of Bob's mustache? Patrice—Oh, it tickled me immensely.—Yonkers Statesman. Neither hew down the whole forest nor come home without wood.—Servian Proverb. PAGE EIGHT most UP-TO-DATE FE on the South Entertainers. JONES, Proprietor. EDWARD FELIX CIGARS TOBACCO CANDIES NOTIONS LIGHT GROCERIES 3002 Dearborn Street Office Hours Office Phones 2 to 4 P. M. Douglas 3522 7 to 8:30 P. M. Auto. 71-777 Sundays 2 to 4 P. M. EDWARD S. MILLER, M. D. Physician and Surgeon 3101 South State Street Residence 3247 Wabash Avenue Phone Douglas 2903 Auto 71-867 Chicago PHONES: OFFICE. MAIN 4183 AUTOMATIC 32-736 RESIDENCE. DREXEL 7990 Walter M. Farmer ATTORNEY AT LAW SUITE 708, 184 WASHINGTON ST. NOTARYPUBLIC CHICAGO Office Phone: Res. 5133 Sq. Wabash Ave. Oakland 4652, Auto. T3-058 Phone Dresel 18615 Dr. Theo. R. Mozee DENTIST 4709 S. STATE STREET CHICAGO Hours 9 A. M. to 5 P. M., 7 P. M. to 9 P. M. Sundays by Appointment Phone Main 2017 Automatic 32-395 A. L. WILLIAMS ATTORNEY AND COUNSELOR AT LAW Suite 706 Firmenich Bldg. 184 W. Washington St. Residence 5548 Jefferson Av. Phone Midway 5515 Chicago A. D. GASH ATTORNEY AT LAW 118 North La Salle St., Chicago Suite 615 to 618 PHONE MAIN 2214 Residence 1262 Macalister Place Telephone Monroe 2714 MILES J. DEVINE ATTORNEY AT LAW Suite 313-329 Reaper Block Clark & Washington Sts. Phones Central 239 Auto. 41-916 CHICAGO From New York harbor and immediate approaches alone 268 beacon lights to navigation are required, in including forty-six shore lights, two light vessels and thirty-eight lighted buoys; there are 192 buoys of all classes and thirty-seven for signals, including sounding buoys. The Unsafe Safe. Willis (ready for school)—Mamma, they are hoisting a safe down the street. Mother—Well, be careful not to walk on the safe side.—Boston Transcript. Then and Now. "Yes, we pay spot cash for every thing." "Ah! I often speak to my husband about the time when we had to."—Puck. "She's calling for nectar at the soda fountain too."—Kansas City Journal. Her Congenial Job. "That pretty girl clerk of yours seems to enjoy her work." "She does. She opens the proposals." —Kansas City Journal. An honorable defeat is better than a mean victory, and no one is really worse for being beaten unless he loses heart—Sir John Lubbock. THE BROAD AX, CHICAGO, SEPTEMBER 23, 1916. As Near As Your Telephone DISTANCE IMMETERIAL In a Metropolitan City of this size, death knocks every thirty minutes at some door. Too often that death not only brings sorrow, but misfortune as well. Let the price you pay for a funeral be a business proposition and you will benefit by it in service, quality and cost to you in dollars and cents. The result of my campaign has built for me one of the largest and most magnificent establishments in the world. Consult me, I can save you Shipping to all parts of the Funerals a Specialty. Cen- Chapel. Call promptly answer Ernest H. W. KENWOOD 455 Under 5028 and 5030 S. Sta Consult me, I can save you Worry, Time and Money. Shipping to all parts of the Country and Automobile Funerals a Specialty. Central Display Rooms and Chapel. Call promptly answered day or night. FAULK Real Estate NO. 3603 So. St. Tels. D. BUY Estate and Insura NOTARY PUBLIC 603 So. State Street, Chicago, Illinois Tels. Douglas 6759; Auto. 77-086 Real Estate and Insurance NOTARY PUBLIC 3603 So. State Street, Chicago, Illinois Tels. Douglas 6759; Auto. 77-086 BUY A LOT INSIDE THE LIMITS OF CHICAGO 25x150 Feet One Hundred and Fifty Dollars Twenty-Five Dollars Down and Five Dollars per Month Hundred and Fifty Dollars Down and Five Dollars per JESSE BIN BANKE One Hundred and Fifty Dollars Twenty-Five Dollars Down and Five Dollars per Month THE BANK GENERAL BANKING 3 per cent all Safety Depos REAL As agent buy and sell Real E dents, including payment of u on Chicago Real Estate. Especially Invite cent allowed on Savings Acco Deposit Vaults, $3.00 per 3 per cent allowed on Savings Accounts Safety Deposit Vaults, $3.00 per Year REAL ESTATE DEPARTMENT As agent buy and sell Real Estate on commission, manages estates for non-residents, including payment of taxes and looking after assessments. Money to loan on Chicago Real Estate. and sell Real Estate on commission, manages estate payment of taxes and locking after assessments. Real Estate. Specially Invites the patronage of Chicago business m BLOCKI. President F. W. BLOCK JOHN BLOCKI & SON PERFUMERS GO TO . KREYSSLER, Dru JOHN BLOCKI, President JOHN C. E. KRE JOHN BLOCKI & SON PERFUMERS C. E. KREYSSLER, Druggist 5057 South State Street NOT ON THE CORNER FOR HIGH GRADE MEDICINE All Prescrip ALSO BLOCKI'S IDE IN BOX A. F. CODOZOE, J. H. WHISTON. Propriet CHAS. HARRIS. Manager HIGH GRADE DRUGS, CHEMICALS MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS All Prescriptions Carefully Compounded ALSO CARRY A FULL LINE OF KI'S IDEAL & BLOCKI'S FI IN BOTTLE PERFUMES BLOCKI'S IDEAL & BLOCKI'S FLOWER IN BOTTLE PERFUMES A. F. CODOZOE, DOUGLAS 5971 J. H. WHISTON, Proprietors Phones DOUGLAS 3256 CHAS. HARRIS, Manager AUTO. 72-379 The Elite Cafe AND BUFFET 3030 STATE STREET CHICAGO JOHN H. HARRIS Geo. W. Faulkner John T. Cook M. E. Wimes Renting & Insurance Dept. John T. Cook General Brokers State and Insurance MARTY PUBLIC State Street, Chicago, Illinois Douglas 6759; Auto. 77-086 A LOT ed and Fifty Dollars Down and Five Dollars per Month JESSE BINGA BANKER S. E. Cor. State and 36th Place, Chicago Telephone Douglas 1565 owed on Savings Accounts at Vaults, $3.00 per Year ESTATE DEPARTMENT estate on commission, manages estates for non-residual taxes and looking after assessments. Money to loan the patronage of Chicago business men. F. W. BLOCKI, Treasurer BLOCKI & SON PERFUMERS GO TO EYSSLER, Druggist MADE DRUGS, CHEMICALS AND MINICAL PREPARATIONS ations Carefully Compounded TO CARRY A FULL LINE OF NAL & BLOCKI'S FLOWER BOTTLE PERFUMES DOUGLAS 5971 LAUREL THE SANITARY and SHIP CANAL Length - - - - - 32 Miles Depth - - - - - 22 Feet Width - - - 162 to 290 Feet THE CANAL OFFERS: Industrial Locations, Dock Facilities, Water Transportation, Railroad Connections, Electric Power, Concrete Building Material. Direct Connection with St. Louis via the Illinois River and Direct Connection with the Gulf via the Illinois and Mississippi Rivers. Electric Energy Created from Water Power for the Modern Factory Means Efficiency and Economy. THOMAS A. SMYTH, - President JOHN McGILLEN, - - Chief Clerk F. D. CONNERY, - - Comptroller THI MOST COMPLETE OPTICAL ROOMS IN THE CITY BEST GOODS AT THE LOWEST PRICES The Cranford Apartment Building. 3600-Wabash Ave. THE FLOORING The finest building ever opened to Colored tenants in Chicago. Steam heat, electric light, tile baths, marble entrance. Phones { Calumet 6247 Auto 74-292 The Brunswick Hotel & Buffet 3004 S. STATE STREET GEO. W. HOLT. Prop. THE SAN and SHIP C Length - - - - Depth - - - - Width - - - 16 THE CANAL Industrial Locations ities, Water Transp road Connections, H Concrete Building Direct Connection via the Illinois Riv Connection with the Illinois and Mississippi Electric Energy C Water Power for Factory Means E Economy. THOMAS A. SMYTH, JOHN McGILLEN, F. D. CONNERY, Karpen B 900 So. Michigan Av Eye Consultation or examination FREE. We have 28 different ways of testing the eyes and guarantee to give satisfaction. The Cranford Building. 3600 Phones Douglas 8628 Auto 71-382 The Mission Buffet and Billiards 3504 S. STATE STREET