The Broad Ax

FOR THE NEXT THIRTY DAYS THE BROAD AX WILL BE SENT TO ANY ADDRESS IN THE UNITED STATES FOR ONE YEAR FOR ONE DOLLAR The BROAD AX A Campaign to Boost Negro Business----National Negro Business League Takes Forward Step to Increase Business of Negro Merchants---- A Comprehensive Program Suggested Vol. XXII. A Campaign to Business---Business Lea ward Step to ness of Negr A Compreh Suggested Tuskegee Institute, Alabama, October. One of the most important forward-looking steps taken by the Executive Committee of the National Negro Business League which met last August in Kansas City, Missouri, was the decision to inaugurate definite plans for directly assisting Negro merchants to increase their business and to extend their influence in the communities in which they operate. A number of plans were suggested and considered and considerable thought put into the matter in order that the best and most effective plan might be adopted. "Trade Boosting Campaigns" similar to those recently conducted in Nashville, Tennessee, and Atlanta, Georgia, seem at this time to be the most practical and effective way to help the Colored business men in all parts of the country and it was unanimously decided by the officers of the National League to urge Local Negro Business Leagues in all parts of the country to arrange to conduct these campaigns in their communities. In November, 1915, a Trade Boosting Campaign was held in the city of Atlanta, Georgia, and the Negro merchants who participated in the movement have expressed themselves as being highly pleased with the results. Some of the merchants realized as much as a sixty per cent increase in their business as a result of co-operative advertising plans. A representative of the National Negro Business League spent several days in Atlanta early in September and went over the whole matter very fully with the representative Colored business men of that city. "The Colored people of Atlanta have never had such an awakening as they received during the ten days of our campaign," said one business man. Another man who has been in the grocery business for over ten years in Atlanta said: "One experience which I had during our Trade Boosting Campaign was worth all the time and effort I put into it. A certain well-known Colored men who had never been into my store before although he lived in the neighborhood came in and looked around and finally bought some high-grade merchandise. During the time I was serving him, he kept on looking around at the stock of goods which I carried. Finally, he said, 'This campaign which the Colored business men have on, induced me to come and see what you had. I must confess that I have never traded with a merchant of my own race because I did not think that Colored men carried first-class goods, and had never taken the time to investigate before now. You may say for me that your campaign has converted at least one man of the race.'" Other similar statements were made by other business men in other lines and the general impression among the business men of Atlanta is that these Trade Boosting Campaigns are splendid weapons for arousing pride of race and for educating our people to support race enterprises. The plan by which the Atlanta business men worked to arouse interest in their campaign is a good method to be used in any community and it is best described in the words of one of the leaders in this constructive movement. He says: "A group of Atlanta business men were one day discussing some methods for arousing the people of Atlanta to the importance of supporting business enterprises owned and oper- HEW TO THE LINE; LET THE CHIPS FALL WHERE THEY MAY ated by Colored men. Various plans were offered and finally some one suggested a ten days campaign in which the Colored people would be urged to patronize their own stores. Coupons were to be given for each 25 cents cash purchase and for all sums paid on back accounts. The coupons must have some value so it was decided to give prizes for the persons having the most coupons at the end of the campaign. Our prizes were first class—including a lot in Meadow Brook, barrels of flour, hams, a sewing machine, silverware, dishes, etc. This made the people realize that we really meant business and they were really aroused and turned the money into the hands of the Colored merchants." When asked how they got the prizes, our informant said, "Some of the prizes were donated by White business men and others were purchased. Every man who is in business in Atlanta was asked to participate and to contribute at least $1.00 towards the expenses of the campaign. Some of them gave as much as $10.00, but most of them gave $1.00. Our contributions totaled nearly $250.00 and after we had paid for all expenses of prizes, printing and advertising we had on hand a balance of nearly $30.00 which is in our treasury now." How to Arrange For a Trade Boosting Campaign. 1. Call the business men together and advise them that the object of the meeting is to help each man to get more business. 2. Secure a pledge from each man to contribute enough to purchase prizes, have coupons printed and to thoroughly advertise the campaign. 3. Appoint a committee to call on such merchants as are not present at the first meeting. This committee is to talk with them and urge their cooperation in the campaign. 4. Appoint another committee to arrange for announcements to be made in all the churches, at all the services. 5. Decide upon a definite date when you think it will be best to conduct the campaign in your city and then all work together to have the whole town aroused by that week. Talk about the prizes, the value of race co-operation, and show how each Dollar spent with a member of the race who is in business means an investment in prestige for the race and in opportunities for the boys and girls of the race. Let the opening day of the campaign be on a Monday and on the Sunday before invite each minister in the city to preach a sermon on the purpose of the campaign and the value of race co-operation in business. Make it very clear that these campaigns are not organized in any spirit of antagonism to merchants of other races, but for the sole purpose of advertising the existence of Negro merchants. In many instances managers of wholesale stores with whom the Colored men do business will be glad to make contributions of merchandise which can be used for prizes. In communities where Local Negro Business Leagues are already organized, it should not be difficult to organize the Trade Boosting Campaigns. If no League exists in your city, you should communicate at once with Emmett J. Scott, Secretary of the National Negro Business League, Tuskegee Institute, Alabama and definite information will be sent you at once. All lines of business are eligible to participate in these campaigns and all [Name] COMMANDING the Eighth Regiment Illinois National Guards, who will arrive home with the members of his regiment the middle or the latter part of the coming week. communities where there is any considerable Negro population are urged to arrange for a Trade Boosting Campaign this fall. For more detailed information regarding the Trade Boosting Campaigns, write the Secretary of the National Negro Business League, Tuskegee Institute, Alabama. Joy for the Gamblers. Gamblers heaved a sigh of relief when they read in the afternoon papers that Judge Landis had agreed to give them a rest from his activities in order that he may enjoy a brief vacation. "I am going to spend two days on business matters," he said, "and then MAYOR MAY SHUT SALOONS THAT HARBOR GAMBLING. One immediate, direct result of Judge Landis' exposure of gambling may be the closing of several saloons. Mayor Thompson on Thursday directed Chief Healey to submit to him a report on the saloons which the testimony in court showed had been used for bookmaking or in connection with which poker and other gambling games have been permitted. The mayor did not announce the purpose for which he wished the report, but similar orders in the past have been followed by revocations of licenses. The number of saloons involved cannot be estimated, as some of the lists of handbooks in the Tennes ring did not give any information beyond the telephone numbers in the places, but these are to be checked up, together with the more definite information produced on the witness stand, and it is estimated that at least half a dozen bars will be hit. Testimony Hit Saloons. There was direct testimony hitting two saloons. It was shown that the saloon in the name of "Jim the Barber" Ahearn, at Thirty-first street and Indiana avenue, is owned by Sells & Stall, the owners of the Cottage Grove avenue cigar store which sells no cigars. The two partners admitted their real business was that of taking bets. There also was the unqualified statement of one witness that he had gambled in the card rooms on the third floor of the Hotel Astor, whose manager is said to be Samuel Cohen, a Tennes lieutenant. In a dozen other instances telephone numbers indicated that handbooks were conducted in saloons. Among these places were the saloons of John Broderick, 732 West Madison street; Pat O'Malley, 743 South Clark street; Patrick Reagan, 12 North Clark street; Shingleton, 28 East Twenty-eighth street; and Harnett, 2800 West Chicago avenue. City Has No Power. Under the present ordinances the city has no power to close cigar stores where gambling is permitted. For that reason, it is said, the administration is considering asking the city council to pass an ordinance licensing cigar stores and authorizing the mayor to revoke licenses for violations of the law. The license fee would be small, as the principal purpose of the ordinance would be to establish better police control over the stores. Chief Healey said that other important matters had prevented his giving attention to the cases of Capt. Joseph Smith and Capt. Stephen F. Healy, in whose district Daniel F. Kinneally admitted he conducted open gambling games in cigar stores. Gamblers heaved a sigh of relief when they read in the afternoon papers that Judge Landis had agreed to give them a rest from his activities in order that he may enjoy a brief vacation. "I am going to spend two days on business matters," he said, "and then I am going to play six straight days of golf. Golly! How I'll hit the ball." Before taking his leave of the courtroom Judge Landis took a final fling at the Automatic Telephone Company for the use of its lines by the Tennes gambling ring and others. He asked S. W. Traey, vice president of the Chicago Tunnel Company, owners of the system, if a telephone had not been installed in the Hotel Astor in the last three days. Mr. Traey testified in the negative. Gives Proof to Lawyer. The court also summoned Attorney Daniel J. Schuyler, Jr., counsel for the company, and after a denial that the witness knew the gamblers had used the automatic telephones for their business, he handed the lawyer a list of telephones which witnesses had said were used for that purpose. "I can't direct you," he said, "to do anything with this, but I merely want you to have the proof." District Attorney Clyne announced that an effort will be made to prosecute the members of the Tennes syndicate for conspiracy to use the mails to defraud. "While I'm not absolutely sure," he said, "I think we can prosecute them under the conspiracy statute." Eighteen Discharged. Eighteen men arrested in a handbook raid at 557 West Madison street were discharged by Judge Mahoney for lack of evidence. Detectives said they found three racing publications but the court held this was insufficient. Judge John W. Beeckw, on the same grounds, discharged Peter Scheider who was arrested at 610 South Dearborn street for playing the "26" dice game. Charles Rogers, who was arrested with him, failed to appear and was fined $25 and costs. The court held that there was no evidence against Scheider. COL. ROSCOE CONKLING SIM MONS HAS COME TO LIFE AGAIN OR STILL LIVES. About two years ago it was stated in the columns of the greatest weekly newspaper in the world, that Col. Roscie Conkling Simmons, who at that time was running or publishing "The Sun" at Memphis Tenn., which did not shine for all very long, had closed his eyes in death and had been transformed into a white-robed angel; that before he had joined the Heavenly host, he had beaten or defrauded the greatest weekly newspaper in the world out of a large sum of money which he had collected in as subscriptions to it. For almost two years we believed that that story or account of the death of Col. Roscoe Conkling Simmons was absolutely true and the only thing that disabused our mind of that fact was that the last issue of the greatest weekly newspaper in the world contained his cut or picture and an extract from The Eighth Regiment Illinois National Guard, Col. Franklin Denison Commanding, Will Arrive in Chicago the Latter Part of the Coming Week. The Leading Afro-American Citizens of this City and State Should Arrange to Give it a Warm or a Hearty Home Coming. The members of the Eighth Regiment, Illinois National Guard, will soon be able to proudly strut up and down old State street in all their military and warlike glory, much to the great delight of their wives, their sweet-hearts, other lady friends, the smaller boys and girls, the rooters or the hangers-on in general and when it does strike this big town, its famous band playing "There Will be a Hot Time in the Old Town Tonight." Everybody in it, at least those residing on the south side will wake up or sit up and take notice, for at last the regiment has been ordered to fold their tents, to stack—or unstack their arms for the last time on Texas soil and to forward march at the stern command of their superior officers, for the members of the regiment, with all of its belongings, will entrain this blessed morning at San Antonio, Texas, and if no long delays occur en route, it will arrive at Camp Lineinco, Springfield, Illinois, either Tuesday morning or Tuesday afternoon, where it will possibly stay about two days to muster it out of the one of his long-winded, eloquent speeches, and we are now fully convinced that Col. Rosecoe Conkling Simmons is not dead, that he still lives or at least, comes to life once in a while in the land of the living. COLORED WOMEN'S HUGHES REPUBLICAN HEADQUARTERS, WESTERN BRANCH, ARE LOCATED AT 3117 SOUTH STATE STREET, CHICAGO, ILL., PHONE DOUGLAS 8780. The Colored women of this city who are real politicians, are now fully organized and ready to do aggressive work for the election of Hughes and Fairbanks. The officers of the organization are: Mrs. E. L. Davis, Chairman; Mrs. Irene Goins, Vice Chairman; Mrs. Ada McKinley, Secretary; Mrs. Ella G. Berry, Organizer; Mrs. Fanny Barrin Williams, Chairman of Publicity; Mrs. Irene Lewis, Clerk. The organization is a part of the National Bureau and is making an effort to reach every Colored woman in the twelve suffrage states, urging them of the importance at this time of casting their vote for the Republican candidate for president, Charles E. Hughes. No. 3 Federal service, and the regiment should reach this city either Thursday evening or early Friday morning. Each and every one of its members from the highest to the lowest will return home in first class or standard Pullman cars and their meals will be served to them from three modern kitchen cars. If any one will take the trouble to re-read The Broad Ax of June 24, they will find that it was stated in these columns at that time, that "the Eighth Regiment, Illinois National Guard, would receive orders within a few days from that time to invade Mexico—that it would not return home to Chicago until the middle of October or the first of November." Time has amply proven that we knew what we were talking about at that time and the citizens of Chicago will do themselves proud by giving Col. Denison and his regiment a royal welcome home, for he and its members are highly deserving of all the honors that can be bestowed upon them. FRANCIS H. WARREN OF DETROIT, MICHIGAN, NOMINATED BY THE DEMOCRATS TO MAKE THE RACE FOR THE STATE SENATE. Francis H. Warren, who is one of the leading Colored lawyers of Detroit, Michigan, has been nominated by the leaders of the Democeratic party residing in the third district of that city to make the race for the state senate. The Democrats of that state, seem to be different from the Democrats residing in this state, for in this state they appear to be unwilling to nominate a highly decent Colored man for any position even for a common dog-catcher. THE TWENTY-FIRST ANNIVERSARY EDITION OF THE BROAD AX The 21st anniversary edition of the Chicago Broad Ax came to our desk this week in a special edition. And editor, Julius F. Taylor, deserves unstinted praise for his efforts. For the edition is a splendid one. Accept our congratulation, Editor Taylor, and long may The Broad Ax live.—The Advocate, Portland, Oregon, September 23, 1916. PAGE TWO BUSY POLITICIAN. A Washingtonian Takes Up the Challenge and Enters Lists. CONGRESSIONAL UNION ACTIVE Woman's Suffrage Has Organized Strong Committees For Work This Fall — More Co-operation Needed to Get the Amendment Put Across. Mrs. Robert Baker of Washington comes of a long line of army and navy ancestors. She is going to Illinois to organize for the woman's party. Mrs. O. H. P. Belmont, in charge of raising the large campaign fund for A. MRS. ROBERT BAKER. the woman's party, is busy at work completing the fund and has adopted as her motto, "A thousand dollars a day from now until election day." Both the Republican and Democratic parties are now fully alive to the importance of the women's vote in the west and realize that it may spell defeat or victory at the polls in November, according to Mrs. Baker, press chairman of the Congressional Union For Woman Suffrage and the woman's party, who returned to Washington recently after having been in New York conferring with political leaders of the national parties. "The leaders of the national parties are now coming to us and consulting as to the western women's vote," said Mrs. Baker, "just as a man would go to a specialist if he were sick. We are 'specialists' on the woman's vote problem and know how to diagnose the case. For the past three years or more we have been studying it. We know, therefore, what its strength amounts to and what can and will be done with it in the coming election. We have been working among the women voters for the past three years, and the Congressional union, of which the woman's party is an outgrowth, is the only national organization which has been doing such work." Brocades For Autumn. Sartorial history repeats itself constantly. Satins and brocades, which have their recurrent periods of popularity, are once more a la mode. For the autumn beautiful brocades in self tone and in metal effects are to be extremely popular, the entire leaning in the selection of silks being for those of high luster, the satin surface weaves taking precedence over corded silks. The fabrics showing some "body" will generally be preferred to the softer ones for fall and winter wear, especially when selected for daytime or actual service garments. Serge, gagdeline, broadcloth and tricot are fabrics that will be greatly favored in the development of the popular coat dresses, and quite the smartest frocks will employ one of the wool fabrics mentioned, combined with satin, in their makeup. A touch of bright silk or bead embroidery is a favorite trimming addition. For the Bath. This is a fine mixture for the bath. It is sweet and refreshing to the body. Four pounds of fine oatmeal, two quarts of clean bran, one and one-half pounds of powdered orris root, one and one-half pounds of almond meal, one pound of white castile soap, powdered and dried; three ounces of primrose sachet. Instead of placing in cheese cloth bags, which is a wasteful way of using the delightful meal, sprinkle a little of the mixture on the moistened wash cloth. This recipe, if rubbed well into the body, acts like magic. It certainly is simple and well worth trying. Mix a tablespoonful of lavender water with several times the amount of pure olive oil. Apply a little at a time and rub it well into the body with the entire hand, using a rotary motion. Keep the body warm while taking the treatment. Gas Saved. In order to economize gas, roast a small joint of meat over a gas ring instead of lighting the oven to do it. Well, grease a saucepan or casserole, put the meat into it, with plenty of extra dripping, so that there shall be no risk of burning, put it over a gas jet turned very low and let it cook. Turn and baste the meat often, and it gets beautifully brown. JABOT FADS. Their Softening Effect Around the Face Is a Beautifier. "Nothing adds so much to a woman's youth and good looks," says a fashion expert, "as a soft fall of lace below the chin. Women of all ages have recognized it, and men in different periods have not scorned the lace jabot to add to their own charms." This may be a prejudiced view, but it is true, and it is also certain that there are to be many soft things in nets and laces to be worn, and buyers are ordering them in large quantities for their different houses. Furs and laces go together, and, with the deep fur collars that are to be worn on all kinds of coats fastened high in the neck when they are closed, but turned well back from the throat when they are open, the lace is almost indispensable. The materials used are many and varied. There are fine mulls and lawns, silk nets and nets of other kinds, fine nets and those with a coarser mesh, nets with small over patterns and nets with lace borders made in single and double frills and falling straight or with drop corners to give the effect of points to agree with the many pointed effects that are seen on gowns and coats and wraps. Georgette crape is also much used. Silk and satins will be combined with the softer materials. The smart black stock will appear with its fall of cream lace and possibly a little white above to soften the effect near the face. There are a few wires necessary to hold the stock in place, but the general effect is of the softest. Deep collars of all kinds are among the things the shops are displaying, and they are in many styles with smaller ones for the woman who cannot wear a broad collar. They, like the stocks, are of all the thin, washable materials with fancy edges of different kinds, ruffles or furlings. White broadcloth is a smart material for wear with wool gowns, and in a deep collar is simple and rich combined with satin, heavy lace and made in simple lines. DAINTY LINEN. The Fad For Drawn Work Is Coming In, They Say. The Mexican upheaval has given the handiwork of Mexico's women a special value. This beautiful centerpiece is typical drawn work and comes with FOR YOUR TEA TABLE six doilies matching. These small pieces also make charming centers for big table spreads done in battenberg braid. NEW JEWELRY. The Fad For Jade Green and Oriental Beads Is On. Mandarin necklaces and oriental jewels are in popular favor with society. Mandarin chains always contain 108 beads, no matter whether those beads be of carved wood, filigree ornaments or nuts or cherry seed, colored glass, semi-precious stones and precious stones. A mandarin chain is also known by the flat and carved stone pendants strung upon a flat silk tape in the middle and the two chains dangling, one short and one long, on either side of this piece. Each dangle possesses its own meaning, as do the pendants and the colors. The warm colors and exotic shapes of oriental jewels have caught fashion's fancy. The necklaces match the jade bracelets and the jade hair ornaments. Scalloped Cabbage Boil the cabbage in water for about five minutes, adding a pinch of soda. Drain thoroughly and place cabbage in clear water again—enough to cover it—and boil until tender. Chop the drained cabbage and place a layer of it in a porcelain dish. Cover with sauce made of a cupful milk, two tablespoonfuls butter, two tablespoonfuls flour and seasoning to taste. Cover the first layer of cabbage with sauce and sprinkle with grated cheese. Repeat until the materials are all used. Sprinkle the top with paprika, grated cheese and breadcrumbs with dabs of butter. Bake the scalloped cabbage until brown. The cheese may be omitted if not liked. To Keep Suet. Take out any skin there may be and then put the suet in a saucepan and place on a warm but not hot fire and let it melt gradually. When quite melted pour it into a pan of cold water. When quite hard wipe it dry, wrap it in white paper, and when wanted for use it may be rubbed on a grater. To Purify Sinks and Drains To one pound of common copperas add one gallon of boiling water and use when dissolved. The copperas is deadly poison and should always be carefully labeled. This is one of the best possible cleansers for pipes, closets and drains. THE BROAD AX, CHICAGO, OCTOBER 7, 1916. FOR YOUNG FOLKS Sleepy Time Story That Is Instructive and Entertaining. Remarkable Little Creature That Displays Great Ingenuity In Constructing a Home For Its Children—Eats Neighbors' Babies—A Cornfield Lady. Tonight, said Uncle Ben, I am going to tell you about FATHER STICKLEBACK. "What do you think of a fish that builds a nest?" asked Uncle Ben. "A nest down in the water?" echoed little Ned and Polly Ann. "Yes," replied Ben, "a nest that looks very much like the nests the birds build in the treetops. "The fish is named the stickleback. The father fish builds the nest and takes care of the little ones. "The fish do not live in the nest, but the wife lays the eggs from which the young fish hatch inside of it. "The nest has two doors, and they open in such directions that the ocean current passes through them instead of beating against the fruit walls of the nest and battering them down, as it might do in time. "The gum with which the fish glues together the parts of the nest is spun out of its body, just as the spider spins out the silk for its web. "Mrs. Stickleback is a great gadder. After she leaves the eggs in the nest she goes swimming off and never bothers about the little fishes. "Father Stickleback, who has built the nest, watches over it till the little ones come out of the eggs. Then he guards them until they are old enough to take care of themselves. "It must be a fine thing to see him swimming about with his little ones flocking about him. If any strange fish tries to bother them Father Stickleback flies at him in a fine rage, and it is apt to go hard with the one who makes the trouble, for sticklebacks are fine fighters. They have a row of sharp spines on their backs, and with these they can rip and tear their enemies severely. "Although so kind to their own young ones, the sticklebacks are not so good to the young of other fishes. Indeed, it is said that it is their weakness for making a meal of their neighbors' bales that has made them so disliked by the other dwellers in the water. "There is one family of sticklebacks that live in the ocean, and they make their nests of seaweeds gummed together with a sticky thread which the fish supplies. "There are other sticklebacks that live in fresh water, and their nests are made of small sticks and twigs which they can gather together on the river bottom and are glued together by means of the sticky liquid which the fish provides. "The openings in the nest are always turned the same way that the water runs, so that it may sweep through instead of against the sides of the nest." In the Cornfield All summer long the little girl in the picture has been watching the corn grow. Now that it is taller than herself and about ripe she likes to hide away in the golden forest. Soon the harvesters will come and cut the vel- THE FARMER lowing stalks and the field will be bare. Probably she will regret to see her playground thus despolled, but there will come another year, and again the corn will grow green and then yellow, and finally once more the harvesters will gather the grain. Busy Little Mothers. We're kept busy, goodness knows, Washing careless dollles' clo'es! We're kept busy when we're through Mending them as good as new. And even then they will wear out, No matter how we twist about. Indeed, we fear quite soon 'tis so Shopping we will have to go. —Philadelphia Record. FALL'S HABIT. What Horsewomen Will Wear on the Bridle Path. Black worsted smartly tailored gives this elegant outfit. Three bone buttons close the coat, which has a notice- THE WOOL COAT THE DIP INDEED. able dip in front. The trousers are regulation cut. Velours tricorn, gauntlet gloves, ascot tie and Russian calf boots are all correctly worn. LIBRARY FURNISHINGS. A Five Piece Set That You Can Make at Home. An interesting use of cretonne, brocade or any of the many materials which one encounters in the search for library fixings is shown in a set of five articles, all for the library, and which, when separated, will not give that fixed look of having everything to match. First of all there is a pillow. It may be square, oblong, round or oval. The material, if cretonne or soft silk, is shirred on cords and caught in the middle under a covered button. A bit of plain material or an appliqued figure from the cretonne or an figured linen may be substituted for the middle instead of the button. Next there is a runner for the library or living room table. This is very plain, with ends braided or showing set on pieces of the plain or figured material, as the case may be. A cover for the telephone book is another member of the set. It is lined with the contrasting material and well made with either buckram or light pasteboard foundation to give a real support to the paper covered book. A bright cord is substituted for the usual cord on the telephone book and passed through eyelets in the cover. With the telephone goes a screen of cardboard covered with the selected material and lined with the contrasting one. The screen is threefold, and the middle portion is higher than the side wings. A portfolio for the desk uses more of the material. It, too, can be made from a lightweight cardboard and is lined with contrasting material. On one flap a corner of the outer covering holds a blotter of the lining color in place. On the other flap is a pocket for note paper, postals, telegraph blanks, stamps, etc. With the exception of the pillow this set might be used in the hall to introduce a note of bright color, for it is the style now to provide your hall with a table desk and telephone stand. Uses For Glycerin Tea stains on linen should be rubbed with glycerin before the article is laundered to prevent the yellow discoloration. Glycerin should be added to hot lemonade in place of sugar for a cold. It makes the remedy more efficacious. When black kid gloves become shabby rub them with equal parts of glycerin and black ink. This is a good dressing for black leather of any sort. Wet shoes rubbed with this are not so hard when dried as if allowed to dry first. Fill shoes with paper to absorb some of the dampness and to help them keep their shape. Use a few drops of glycerin and a small lump of borax to a quart of water when wiping off paint or oilcloth if you wish to have the polish of new articles. A New Brim Line There is a strong tendency toward the front flare in the new transparent and felt hats. While this brim life is not becoming to many faces it can be so arranged that the flare comes at one side or tip tilted. A bit of soft fringed braid or a twist of silk help also to relieve the severity. CANNING HELPS. The Department of Agriculture Tells Us How to Preserve. THE WAYS TO SAVE SUGAR. Fruits Put Up Without Sirup Do Not Retain Their Color Well, but They Are Excellent For Sauces, Salads and Desserts That Are Sweet Enough. In these days of high prices, with sugar foremost on the aviation list, many housewives have taken serious thought as to the advisability of putting up less fruit than usual. This is a pity, because home canned fruit is not only safe and sure, but most delicious. It need not be as rich as preserves. In fact, many epicures regard fruit as refreshing in exact proportion to the smallness of the amount of sugar used to preserve. Fruit for use in ple or salads or as stewed fruit can be put up or canned without the use of any sugar at all. The canning specialists of the department of agriculture advise the houswives who, in order to economize on sugar, have been thinking of reducing the amount of fruit they put up, to can as much of their surplus as possible by the use of boiling water when sugar sirup is beyond their means. Any fruit, say the specialists, may be successfully sterilized and retained in the pack by simply adding boiling water instead of the hot sirup. The use of sugar, of course, is desirable in the canning of all kinds of fruits and makes a better and ready sweetened product. Moreover, most of the fruits when canned in water alone do not retain their natural flavor, texture and color as well as fruit put up in sirup. Fruit canned without sugar to be used for sauces or desserts must be sweetened. Can the product the same day it is picked. Cull, stem or seed and clean the fruit by placing it in a strainer and pouring water over it until it is clean. Pack closely in glass jars or tin cans until they are full, using the handle of a tablespoon, wooden ladle or table knife for packing purposes. Pour over the fruit boiling water from a kettle; place rubbers and caps in position; partially seal if using glass jars; seal completely if using tin cans. Place the containers in a sterilizing vat, such as a wash boiler with false bottom, or other receptacle improvised for the purpose. If using a hot water bath outfit process for thirty minutes, counting time after the water has reached the boiling point. The water must cover the highest jar in the container. After sterilizing remove packs, seal glass jars, wrap in paper to prevent bleaching and store in a dry, cool place. If you are canning in tin cans it will improve the product to plunge the cans quickly into cold water immediately after sterilization. When using a steam pressure canner instead of the hot water bath, sterilize for ten minutes with five pounds of steam pressure. Never allow the pressure to go over ten pounds. HER PLAY HAT. What Ten-year-olds Need Just to Romp In. With a navy blue chinchilla coat well tallored goes this navy velvet poke, a tall crown and brim rolled up S DOROTHY'S COMPORT. in the back. All the trimming is three rows of narrow black grosgrain ribbon and three tomato red, fruity pieces on the left side. A Fringed Centerpiece. A rather novel idea for a large centerpiece is to use instead of scallops a narrow lace insertion on the edge, and finish this with a plain fringe instead of the usual lace edging. It is much prettier than one would expect. The centerpiece should be larger than twenty-eight inches, for if smaller a number of little plaits would have to be made on the inner edge of the insertion to make it fit around the centerpiece. The lace should be a coarse cluny, not necessarily expensive, for many of the imitations that are machine made are quite pretty. A narrow fringe as plain as possible is best to use. Frequently where the lace joins the materials and also where the lace and fringe meet a line of colored stitching is used. Correct Suit For the Juvenile's Town Wear. Plum colored broadcloth cut with a full, straight skirt and a long coat of pointed back and front is featured I SATISFIED. here. Fullness is thrown over the hips, and two novelty buttons close the waist line. The banding is a heavy velvet in imitation fur. STAPLE FALL COLORS. What Shade to Pick For Your New Warm Suit. Broadcloths and velours will come first in fall street fabrics, and then serges and poplins. Plain stuffs will take the place of stripes, and staple colors will be more used than unusual ones, although there will be some dark toned stripes and perhaps somber plaids. It will be what manufacturers call a "plain season," which may be the natural reaction from the stripes and checks, the plaids and ruffles and the bright sports colors of the spring and summer. And the staple colors in this case, it is believed, will be midnight blue, myrtle green, plum, taupe, wine, gray, brown, burgundy, navy blue and black. The poplins and gambardines will be used for suits of the early fall before broadcloth is needed for its warmth and general look of winter, although medium weight broadcloth with a high satin shine is right for the warmer weather. There will be some coverts and needle cords too. Cashmere velours will be used for both suits and coats, as well as for sport skirts. And since sport clothes are as much in demand in fall and winter as in summer, and since this is the best sport material for cold weather, the dark colors of the other materials will not entirely hold good for velours. How to Recoup. Curdled Custard.—Suppose your boiled custard curdles. Try putting it in a very cold basin and beating it briskly. Another plan is to add a teaspoonful of corn flour mixed to a paste with water. Cook this for a few minutes, then strain the thickened custard into a glass dish. To Thicken Batter.—In mixing any pudding made with batter you may add too much liquid if you are in a hurry. If your batter is too thin, thicken it with white breadcrumbs. When cream doesn't whip stand where it will get very cold, then add to it the white of an egg and beat them together thoroughly. If mayonnaise curdles put the yolk of an egg into a very cold basin and add the curdled sauce drop by drop, stirring steadily all the time. Reading In Colors. Beading to match and contrast with the bright colors of wool and silk jersey suits is the latest fad. Conventional designs, old fashioned sampler patterns and stiff square of circle inclosed flowers are chosen for the beadwork which appears on the left side of the coat, at the sash ends and on the pockets of coats and skirts alike. Fur Trimmings. More fur trimmings than ever is the outlook for fall. The favorite trimming furs are silver dyed rabbit, mole-skin, Hudson seal and raccoon. Instead of the high funnel collar on coats, the deep sailor collar which can be held close to the neck with a strap will take its place. Their Lot! With woman it is a struggle to provide something for the comfort of the inner man, and with man it is an endless effort to provide for the outer woman. BALDHEADED ALASKAN BEARS Volcanic Ash Bringe Hardship to Bruin on Kadiak Island. Seward, Alaska.-It will take more than two or three years of enforced diet of straight meat and fish and a loss of hair to seriously set back the bear population of Kadikai island, according to D. Winn of the United States bureau of fisheries. Kadikai island, says Mr. Winn, in 1912 was covered with volcanic ash at no point at a depth less than eleven inches. The ash killed all vegetation, and as all bears are fond of a mixed diet of meat, fish and vegetables, they found 1913 and 1914 unpleasant from a dietary standpoint. Another effect of the fall of ash, according to Mr. Winn, was the havoc it created with the furry coats of the animals. Bald headed bears are now as common on Kadlak island as bald headed men in the front row of a musical comedy. The ash sifted down on to the skins of the animals as it fell, and the first rain turned it to lye, which had the effect of almost tanning the skins of the bears while yet a part of their personal effects. WHITTLES VIOLIN FINGERS. Player Hopes to Increase His Proficiency by Surgery. Wichita, Kan.—In order to become a more proficient violin artist Mark Sandfort, a member of an orchestra here, had a piece of flesh taken from each of his six fingers. The incisions were drawn together and sewn with horsehair. The operation was performed by Dr. H. S. Hickok, and Sandfort will be able to remove the bandages soon. Sandfort has won a reputation as a violinist. However, his execution of musical selections was not as good as he desired it to be. He hit upon a plan. He would have his fingers whittled down. He waited until the season closed and had the operation performed. According to physicians, this is the first time that an operation of this kind has been performed. BOY FALLS; SERVICE STOPS Pastor and Congregation See Lad Hit by Electric Current. Little Rock, Ark.—Kenneth McEwen, eleven years of age, was electrocuted thirty feet in the air on a lighting tower in view of the congregation of a church that was holding services on the church lawn because of the heat. The boy was knocking the wire that supplied current to the lights on the tower against the steel frame to produce sparks. Suddenly a flash of blue flames enveloped him, and he plunged downward, fracturing his skull on the pavement below. He died in a hospital a few minutes later. The pastor of the church, the Rev. E. P. Aldredge, was preaching a special sermon to boys. He rushed over, alced in placing the dying lad in an ambulance and then resumed his sermon, using the accident as a warning to the boys. GIRL'S PROFIT IN HOGS. Raising Swine Not a Finishing School For Debutantes. Holtville, Cal. — Raising hogs for pleasure and profit is the occupation of Miss Josie Fuller, seventeen, the youngest and best all around feminine pork producer in the Imperial valley. It is her ambition to become the best expert on hogs in her district. Her herd numbers fifty strong and is increasing. "Pig culture isn't aesthetic work, of course," said Miss Fuller. "It can't be considered a finishing school for debutantes, but there's money in it." She has established a record of developing her porkers for the market at a cost of $3½ cents a pound. "Women may not admire hogs, but if they don't it's because they know so little about them. Once interested they become just as capable as men in handling swine." TWO DEATHS IN ONE HOME Sees Mother-in-law Stricken With Heart Failure, Then Dies. Philadelphia — Stricken with heart failure just after she had called her son to dinner at noon. Mrs. Rebecca Thomas, seventy-three years old, a sister of Jesse Pratt, former mayor of Camden, fell dead in the dining room of her Camden home. Mrs. Madeline Thomas, her daughter-in-law, who was in an adjoining room, ran to her assistance and was leanning over her, trying to lift her form to a couch, when she, too, collapsed and fell lifeless. ANOTHER QUITS SING SING Officials Think Prisoner Swam to Liberty. Ossining, N. Y.—"I'm going into the garden to get some tomatoes for breakfast," said Elmer Schultz, a prisoner at Sing Sing, as he walked out of the power house, where he was doing duty as a fireman. Some hours later the big whistle tooted the message that another prisoner had escaped. Prison officials had then found two iron pickets had been pulled apart and concluded that Schultz went through the opening, dived into the Hudson and swam to liberty. Lost Dog Returned Home. New York. After a year's absence a beagle belonging to Louis W. Well of Flushing, N. Y., returned home. Mr. Well went on a hunting trip a year ago and took the beagle along. He lost the dog. The dog seemed to enjoy its homecoming, and the Well family showed its delight in a way that tickled the dog's palate. Stagestruck Women. William A. Page, the Chicago crick and publicity writer, says in the Woman's Home Companion in an article about stagnest cricket women; "And what becomes of them? Caught in the eddies of frivolity, many of them temporarily abandon their stage ambitions in the kaleidoscopic life of Broadway. Others live in hall bedrooms, boll eggs over a gas jet and waste their young lives in the fruitless pursuit of a rainbow which they never find, only sooner or later to return home sadly and settle down to forget their stage ambitions. Others study, economize, sincerely strive for engagements, possibly get small roles with some obscure company and start in on a career which will be filled with many, many disappointments. And of the thousands who came so bravely to the front last year how many still remain in the lists? Not counting those who may have gone into musical comedy, perhaps a score still cherish the shrine of Marlowe and of Adams. For the rest, oblivion." Shaw Didn't Like Himself "Many years ago in a house in Ashley Gardens," writes G. Bernard Shaw in the New Witness. "I was walking along a corridor with other guests at a musical evening when I saw coming toward me a man who produced an extraordinarily disagreeable impression on me, a tall young man in evening dress, with a blond beard and, as it seemed to me, a hateful expression. "He was coming straight at me. I moved aside to avoid him, and he moved, too, apparently to get into my way again. An impulse of rage at his insult was checked just in time by the discovery that instead of walking along a corridor I was crossing a square landing and that the detestable apparition who had chilled my very soul with his abominable aspect was a reflection of myself in the wall of mirror which the tenant of the Ashley Gardens flat had put up to give his cramped dwelling an appearance of spacious magnificence." Power In Plant Cells. Along with the formation of the sugar, and caused in part by its accumulation, there develop within the minute cells of the blueberry plants enormous osmotic pressures, which enable the plant to push its buds open, F. V. Coville writes in the National Geographic Magazine. These pressures are frequently as high as seven atmospheres or more than 100 pounds to the square inch—a pressure that would start a leak in a low pressure steam engine. The pressure may become as high as thirty atmospheres or 450 pounds to the square inch—a force sufficient to blow the cylinder head off of a thousand horsepower Corliss engine. The reason the plant does not explode is because it is broken up into many extremely small and strongly built cells instead of having one big interior cavity. These minute chambers are often as thick walled proportionately as an artillery shell. A Famous War Horse. Bucephalus, the charger that carried Alexander the Great through all his campaigns, received his name from the fact that, although white, he had a black mark resembling an ox's head on his forehead. A Thessalonian had offered the horse for sale to Philip of Macedon, but as none of the monarch's attendants could manage him the king ordered his owner to take him away. Alexander, who was present, expressed his regret at losing so fine an animal, and Philp replied that he would buy the horse if his son could ride him. The offer was accepted by Alexander, who succeeded in the attempt. Bucephalus would never suffer any other person to mount him. Airing a Room. In alighting a room there are two things to be remembered—first, that the impure air must be allowed to escape and, secondly, that fresh air must be admitted. Impure air in a room is always warm and will therefore rise toward the ceiling, when it will escape if the window is opened at the top, while cold fresh air will enter through the lower part of the window when opened. A Grand Canyon Sunrise. A sunrise in the Grand canyon lasts as long as you please. Each hour is a sunrise for some cavern deeper than the last, and, in fact, there are many where it has yet to rise for the first time since the canyon was made by those ages of running water. His Ashes. * "So you prefer to be cremated when you die?" "I certainly do." "Why?" "So that my remains may be mingled with the ashes of the grate."—London Telegraph. Parental Care. "Did your bride's father give her away?" "No. he didn't. He left me to find out a few things about her for myself."—Baltimore American. Causes. Bix—A physician says that yawning is caused by a lack of oxygen in the blood. Dix—Or a lack of pep in the conversation.—Boston Transcript. The Comeback. Skinflint—I have no money, but I will give you a little advice. Beggar—Well. If yer ain't got no money yer advice can't be very valuable. Sooner or later the world comes around to see the truth and do the right—Hilliard. THE BROAD AX. CHICAGO. OCTOBER 7, 1916 Coney Island's Start. The first man to realize the great possibilities of Coney Island as a summer resort was Austin Corbin, a banker and railway official. From the beginning of the last century the beach at Coney Island was frequented by many New Yorkers, but it remained for Corbin to initiate the movement which has made "Coney" a synonym for a certain kind of amusement. Corbin started his financial career at Davenport, Ia., but in 1865 he opened a banking house in New York, and in 1873 he purchased the eastern part of Coney Island. There he created the great resort known as Manhattan Beach. He also became president of the Long Island railroad and played a big part in the development of all the summer resorts on Long Island. In the last forty years Coney Island has become the greatest popular summer resort in the world, and in addition to the millions of transient visitors from the city who go there for the day many thousands are regular summer residents of the hotels and cottages which line its shores. - New York World. Money Mark Twain Refused. Money Mark Twain Refused. By the time that Mark Twain had finally succeeded in paying off the burden of debt that had fallen upon him with the failure of his publishing venture he found himself one of the best paid authors in the world. He refused many offers of money that did not agree with his literary conscience. He declined $10,000 for a tobacco indorsement, though he liked the tobacco well enough. He declined $10,000 a year for five years to lend his name as editor to a humorous periodical. He declined another $10,000 for ten lectures and another for fifty lectures at the same rate—that is, $1,000 a night. And he was offered $1 a word for his writing, which he also declined, making a final arrangement with his regular publishers that they should print whatever he wrote, the payment being 20 (later 30) cents a word. "Boys' Life of Mark Twain" in St. Nicholas'. Persian Words In English Regarding the Persian language, we all have a few words from that source in our vocabularies, although we may not be aware of our indebentness. There are about a dozen words in the English dictionary which trace to Persia, the most common being perhaps "orange" although this was thought by some to be derived from the Latin "aurum" (gold), "Sash," meaning a ribbon or band (the "sash" of a window is the Latin "capsa")," shawl" and "taffeta" are other Persian words which have become thoroughly acclimatized, as have "chess." "caravan," "illac," "dervish" and "lac," while "emerald" and "indigo" "azure" "bazaar." "jackal." "musk." "paradise" and "selmiter" have also been traced to the same source.—London Opinion. Sympathy With Nature. 'Tis an evidence of how directly we are related to nature that we more or less sympathize with the weather and take on the color of the day. Goethe said he worked easiest on a high barometer. One is like a chimney that draws well some days and won't draw at all on others, and the secret is mainly in the condition of the atmosphere. Anything positive and decided with the weather is a good omen. A pouring rain may be more auspicious than a sleeping sunshine. When the stove draws well the fogs and fumes will leave your mind. - John Burroughs. Teeth as Sentinels "When thou sittest to eat with a ruler consider diligently him that is before thee." says the Hebrew proverb, warning a king's guest to regulate his appetite by his host's temper. Boswell. Dr. Johnson's biographer, gives in his notebook a modern paraphrase of the old Jewish proverb: "I said of a rich man who entertained us luxuriously that, although he was exceedingly ridiculous, we restrained ourselves from talking of him as we might do lest we should lose his feasts. 'He makes our teeth sentinels on our tongues,' said I." Fire and Matrimony. In Persia the wedding service is read in front of a fire. In Nicaragua the priest, taking the couple each by the little fingers, leads them to an apartment where a fire is lighted and there instructs the bride in her duties, extinguishing the fire by way of conclusion. In Japan the woman kindles a torch and the bridegroom lights one from it. The playthings of the wife being then burned. A Record In Governors. Mrs. Richard Manning of South Carolina had the distinction of being the only woman on record who was the wife of a governor, the sister of a governor, the niece of a governor, the mother of a governor and the aunt and foster mother of a governor. Accounted For: Aunt--My goodness, Eddite! Why did you take the biggest apple in the dish? Eddie--I was afraid some one else would get it--Chicago Herald. Cotton Seed. It is estimated that one seed of cotton, given the application of all possible care and skill, would produce 40.000,000,000 seeds in six years. Almost aa Bad. Kathryn—I hear that you said I was double faced. Kitye—I never did. I merely said you were double chinned—Exchange. Conscience is harder than our enemies, knows more, accuses with more nicety—George Elliot. Famous Axtae Runners Communication (among the Aztecs) was maintained with the remotest parts of the country by means of couriers. Posthouses were established on the great roads, about two leagues distant from each other. The courier, bearing his dispatches in the form of a hieroglyphical painting, ran with them to the first station, where they were taken by another messenger and carried forward to the next, and so on till they reached the capital. These couriers, trained from childhood, traveled with incredible swiftness; not four or five leagues an hour, as an old chronicle would make us believe, but with such speed that dispatches were carried from 100 to 200 miles a day. Fresh fish was frequently served at Montezuma's table in twenty-four hours from the time it had been taken in the gulf of Mexico, 200 miles from the capital. In this way intelligence of the movements of the royal armies was rapidly brought to court, and the dress of the courier denoting by its color that of his tidings, spreading joy or consternation in the towns through which he passed.—From Prescott's "History of the Conquest of Mexico." Picardy Names. Whence come the names of the Picardy villages, strange even in France? Among the names of places are Bray, which is of Celtic origin and signifies a swamp or morass. Fay is from the Latin "agus," meaning a beech tree. Hem is a home or habitation. Estree is from the Latin "strata," meaning route. Fins is from "finis," signifying the limits. Combles means vales or valleys. The termination "oy" is applied to a plantation—Quesnoy, Tilloy, Autnoy, Rosoy. The name of "Bois des Trones" is simply "the wood of the thrones." The name of the city of Albert was formerly the same as the name of the stream, Ancre. It was changed when the lordship passed to the house of Albert de Lyne of the family Alberti, originally of Florence. Peronne, noted because of the captivity of King Louis XI, at that place, was for a long time called La Pucelle, "the maiden." -Indianapolis News. Hard to Kill An alligator's tenacity of life is remarkable. "I remember one time," says an English traveler in India, "I was with a shooting party on the Ganges when the natives brought in a six foot alligator. They hoped some one would want to buy it, but no one did, so it was determined to kill the creature. It was hauled out of the tank and tied to a tree. Bullets from a small rifle or an ordinary twelve bore gun seemed only to irritate the saurian, and he did not seem to care very much when a native thrust a spear down his throat. Finally they were obliged to get axes and chop off its head. Even then the tail thrashed around, and the body was almost cut to pieces before all movement ceased." A. Brassy Cheek. "You," exclaimed the indignant old gentleman—"you want to marry my daughter! Why, sir, it is only a few years ago that you were caddying for me." "Yes, sir." said the young man, "but I don't intend to let that stand in the way. I hope I am philosopher enough to realize that a very bad golfer may make a fairly good father-in-law."—Boston Transcript. White Specks In Butter. White specks in butter are sometimes simply fine particles of milk curd, resulting from lack of care in skimming. Sometimes they are small specks of dried cream, having been scraped from the sides of the pan and being too dry to thoroughly soften and mix with the rest. Lost and Found—a Heart- Nothing seems so hopelessly lost, when it is lost, as a heart, yet nothing, when it is lost, is by the experience of the centuries so absolutely certain of recovery.—Puck. As It Will Be. The New Woman—I'm going to the club, Algernon. Algernon—Very well, but I've done all I could to make the home attractive. Philadelphia Ledger. ```markdown ``` PRACTICAL HEALTH HINT. Proper Eating. Eating is important to every one. It is a matter that calls for thought, for eating anything and everything without thought is certain to breed disease. Good health is necessary to our happiness, and health depends largely on the food we eat, its quality and quantity and the regularity of our meals. Quality includes the cooking. There are some who, as the Scotch say, "dig their graves with their teeth." Louis Corano some hundreds of years ago wrote discourses on how to acquire and keep good health. The chief thing, according to Corano, was to eat simple foods in moderation and lead a temperate life. His theories are quite as good today as in his time. Cicero said, "Eat to live, not live to eat." William Penn gave advice, "Always rise from the table with an appetite and you will never sit down without one." Overeating, eating without regard to digestion, is the cause of a large proportion of our sickness. Gluttony kills more men than the sword. "Who minds not his stomach will soon mind little else." --- QUINADE GROWS HAIR REMOVES DANDRUFF SEND FOR SAMPLE QUINASOAP THE IDEAL SHAMPOO SOAP THOROUGHLY CLEANSSES THE SCALP QUINACOMB HAIR STRAIGHTENER SHAMPOO DRYER QUINADE 25¢ QUINACOMB 50¢ QUINASOAP 25¢ AT ALL DRUGGISTS SEEBY DRUG COMPANY, NEW YORK CITY, N.Y. SEEBY DRUG COMPANY, NEW YORK CITY, N.Y. Giant Grotto. The immense cavern known as the Giant grotto is situated near Trieste, Austria, and is said to be the largest known to exist. It consists of one vast chamber, 787 feet long, 433 feet broad and 452 feet high. There are three entrances, two in the roof and one at the edge of the roof, which has been provided with ladders with steps, so that visitors can safely descend into the grotto. Once on the bottom, progress is easy. The cavern contains remarkable groups of stalactites, some of them of gigantic size and others of bizarre shapes. The tallest stalactite has a length of little more than thirty-nine feet. No side or underlying caverns have yet been discovered. The bottom of the grotto is 525 feet below the surface of the ground forming the top of the roof, which in turn is about 1,580 feet above sea level.—Pearson's Weekly. Old Engraved Rings Among the legends of Greece it is told that the father of Pythagorus, the famous Greek philosopher, was a celebrated engraver of gems, and, according to classical history, both Helen of Troy and Ulysses of Greece wore engraved rings. Engraving on stones that were partly precious was an art at a very remote age. The British museum proudly boasts the possession of a small square of yellow jasper bearing the figure of a horse and the name and titles of Amenophis II., believed to date back to about the year 1450 B. C. The very finest specimen of engraved gem now in existence is a head of Nero carved on a first water diamond by the brothers Castanzi in the year 1790 A. D.-St. James' Gazette. Gained Her Object There's method in some people's seeming miserliness, although the reason for so much privation does not strike ordinary folk as sufficient. A Swiss village owes its fine meal of bells to this sort of self sacrifice. About ten years ago a widow who had lived in great misery for no less than fifty years went to the commune and presented it with over $4,000 for a peal of bells for the old church. She had saved the amount penny by penny, dressing like a beggar and starring herself. She said she had gained the object of her life. Breaking a Looking Glass. The breaking of a looking glass superstition is a very old one. Hundreds of years ago it used to be a common belief that those who wished to harm others could do so by getting pictures or making images of their enemies and destroying them. The destruction of the picture would be followed by the death of its original. Even the victim's reflection in a mirror was enough for the purpose, provided the mirror was promptly broken. All In Friend-I was just in the art gallery admiring your "Napoleon After Waterloo." The fidelity of expression on Bonaparte's face is positively wonderful. Where did you get it? Mr. Dobber—From life. I got my wife to pose for me the morning after she gave her first reception—Puck. An Old Smallpox Cure. The following primitive "cure" for smallpox was discovered by the Leytonshire (England) guardians in one of their registers for the year 1700: "Take thirty to forty live toads and burn them to clinders in a new pot, then crush into a fine black powder. Dose for smallpox, three ounces." A Matter of Distance. Aesop was asked how far it was to a certain place. "Let me see you walk," replied Aesop. The man protested that he wished a civil answer. "You foolish person!" said Aesop. "How can I tell how far it is to that town until I see at what pace you travel?" Three Classes on the Cara. An Italian drummer explains in the Milan Domencia del Corriere that "in the first class the passengers abuse the trainmen, in the third class the trainmen are rude to the passengers, in the second class the passengers insult each other." Muffled. "They tell me Jimson is over his ears in debt." "Tee; so much so that he can't hear the doorbell when his creditors call"—Exchange. It is not every man that can afford to wear a shabby coat—Colton. PAGE THREE MADE FOR HAIR ANDRUFF SAMPLE ASOAP HAMPOO SOAP DENSES THE SCALP COMB AIGHTENER O DRYER 50¢ QUINOAOAP 25¢ BUGGISTS NEW YORK CITY. N. Y. Old English Furniture That fine old furniture is yet found in Great Britain in many unexpected places is sald to be largely due to the stirring up of the country that was given by the great exhibition at London of 1851. This was soon after the development of the railway system in England, and there flocked to London a large number of squires and their wives. A new world had opened to the country dames. The new things had a wonderful fascination for them. On returning home they got rid of much of their old furniture and bought new. Much of the old furniture found its way to secondhand shops and was sold to poor folk who could not afford to buy new. This accounts for the finding today of much good old furniture in small houses in provincial towns and among country people.-Indianapolis News. Napoleon Obeyed the Mob. In "The Corsican-A Diary of Napoleon's Life In His Own Words," Bonaparte tells how as an obscure soldier he witnessed some of the opening scenes of the revolution: "I lodged at Rue du Mall, Place des Victories. At the sound of the tocsin and the news that the Tulleries were attacked I started for the Carousel. Before I had got there in the Rue des Petits Champs I was passed by a mob of horrible looking fellows parading a head stuck on a pike. Thinking I looked too much of a gentleman, they wanted me to shout "Vive la nation! which I did promptly, as may easily be imagined." Just Used Him. They met again at Atlantic City. The young man asked the girl: "Now that you have become engaged to George why have you flirted with me so long and let me take you motoring, goling and theater going? Why did you encourage me so long when you intended to accept George?" The girl blushed a little and sighed. "I wanted," she said softly, "to test my love for George."—Pittsburgh Chronicle-Telegraph. He Won the Trick "Oh, George, dekr," she whispered when he slipped the engagement ring on her tapering finger. "how sweet of you to remember just the sort of stone I preferred! None of the others was ever so thoughtful." George was staggered but for a moment. Then he came back with: "Not at all, dear. You overrate me. This is the one I've always used." She was inconsistent enough to cry about it. Retort Caustic. Artist's Friend (patronizingly) — I think those thistles in your foreground are superbly realistic, old chap! 'Pon my word, they actually seem to be nodding in the breeze, don't you know! Ungrateful artist—Yes. I have had one or two people tell me they would almost deceive an ass! A Perfect Being Once upon a time there was a human being who never made a mistakes. And his neat little tombstone records the fact that he was one day old when he died—Springfield Union. Perfect Fit. Clara—Is she satisfied with her divorce suit? Bella—Yes; she wouldn't have it altered for the world.—Chicago Herald ```markdown ``` ```markdown ``` Bran as a Medicine. Bread or muffins made from bran make a nutritious breakfast food. Because of its coarseness and bulk bran is highly laxative. Persons of sedentary habits and those who eat much meat invariably suffer from constipation. Uncooked bran makes a more active laxative for such cases. It should be eaten once a day—two or three tablespoonfuls of sterilized bran mixed in with the breakfast cereal or stewed fruit or taken with a pinch of salt and milk or cream over it. A warm preparation of uncooked bran can be had by stirring it into soup. The aged enjoy the bran bread for breakfast, dinner and sup- per. It does away with the need for a cereal at breakfast for them. Digestive disturbances are apt to result from a too steady diet of cereals, and bran prepa- rations prevent and correct dis- orders of digestion. PAGE FOUR MONEY FOR HEALTH WORK Are the people of Chicago satisfied with a "thirty cent" Health Department? This year the total appropriation available for the Department of Health, not including the Garbage Division, was $1,005,677.30, which is $64,510.70 less than the amount appropriated for the general work of the Department in 1915. The 1915 and 1916 budgets contained certain items for construction work and betterments, payable out of the corporate funds, which should properly be deducted from the total appropriations for each year. These amounts thus deducted leave the following totals for conducting the general work of the Department: 1915 — $1,032,588; 1916 — $1,000,677. These figures thus show that despite added activities, the Department received $31,911 less this year than last year with which to carry on its work. In other words, with an increase of population, added territory and higher cost of supplies of all kinds, this Department had less money this year than last year for conducting its necessary work. The principal cause for complaint is, however, in regard to the appropriation made for the various supplies required, such as chemicals, paper and printing, meats and groceries required at the various hospitals, gasoline, soap, etc. The amount available for such supplies and services for this year is $129,099.20, which is $21,500 less than was appropriated the previous year. The significance of this reduction is made apparent, when considered in connection with the facts that the appropriations made for supplies in 1915 were found insufficient for the needs of the Department in that year, and that since then practically all commodities have materially advanced in price. For chemicals, laboratory supplies, medicines and disinfecting material, the average advance in cost has been almost 100 per cent. The lack of funds necessary to purchase the supplies required by the various bureaus and divisions of the Department has seriously hampered the various activities and has, in many instances, hindered the performance of the work in as thorough and efficient a manner as could have been done, if ample means had been provided. In other words, the situation has been one of having a fairly good boiler and machinery but not sufficient fuel to properly run the same. Chicago's Expenditures per Capita for Health Work.—The amounts given above are the total of all appropriations for the Health Department, exclusive of the Garbage Division, but this whole amount is not all expendable for Health Conservation and Sanitation, as such expenditures are classed by the Division of Statistics of the Census Bureau. According to the Census Bureau's method of reckoning such activities as the maintenance of the Emergency Hospital, Lodging House and Morals Commission, carried on by this Department, are not classed as either Health Conservation or Sanitation, and, therefore, the amount of $31,460 appropriated for these activities must be deducted from the total appropriation before determining the amount available per capita. There is then left the sum of $974,217.30, exclusive of the funds provided for the Waste Division available by the Department of Health for Health Conservation and Sanitation. This distributed among the 2,447,845 inhabitants of this city allows an expenditure of 39.79 cents for each. For Health Conservation, as defined by the U. S. Census Bureau, the Health Department had an appropriation of only 30.24 cents per capita in 1916. This figure is arrived at by excluding from the total appropriation for Health Conservation and Sanitation the items classed as Sanitation according to the Census Bureau Method, viz: Public Laundries and Washhouses, Public Convenience Stations and other Sanitation and Promotion of Cleanliness, the appropriation for which was $233,828. EDITORS GET A YEAR IN JAIL. The jail in Waco, Texas, will hold a number of Colored editors for one year. Their crime was the publication of an article from the "Chicago Defender," which said that the Colored boy who was burned at the stake by a mob, several months ago, was innocent and that the husband of the murdered woman had confessed the crime. The story proved to be false and the editors were arrested for criminal libel, were thrown in jail and denied bail. Two weeks ago at their trial they were sentenced to jail. A Colored attorney made an earnest and eloquent appeal for clemency for them but it was of no avail. The fact that the editor of the Chicago Defender is in Chicago, kept him from being lynched or sentenced like the rest.—The Advocate, Portland, Oregon, September 30, 1916. Mrs. Ida B. Wells-Barnett, head of the Negro Fellowship Club and at one time President, of the I. B. W. Club, left Wednesday noon for Washington, D. C., where she will attend the sessions of the Race Conference. SOCIAL NEWS. By Miss Johnette Clanton. At the Douglas Center Women's Club, Tuesday, Mrs. Ed. Wright gave a very interesting description of her eastern tour. So charmingly told was it, that one thought they were listening to a paragraph from Emerson's essay on Travel. Mrs. Laura D. Pelham read "The War Bride" at Douglas Center, Sunday afternoon. Her magnetic personality kept the audience entranced throughout the reading. At the Presbyterian Lyceum, Mrs. Veirden of the Chicago Business College, read "The Melting Pot." She displayed a wonderful artistic conception of the work and was able to hold her audience the entire length of the reading. There were musical numbers by Prof. Gossett, Mrs. Hutchenson and Miss Crizer. Miss H. Vittum, the White national director of the western headquarters of the Hughes Campaign, entertained twenty-five of the leading Colored suffrage women at a luncheon at Phyllis Wheatley. They discussed plans for an organization work for the Hughes Campaign among the Colored women of this city and the west. Mrs. Norma W. Davis of Tuskegee, Institute, Alabama, niece of Booker T. Washington, recently married Mr. Alfred Washington, mail clerk of this city, and is at home to friends at 3331 Vernon Ave. Miss Edna M. Clanton, who was for three years stenographer at Tuskegee Institute, underwent a serious operation September 28, at St. Luke's hospital. She is slowly recovering. The Misses Kennedy are planning to motor down to South Bend, Indiana for Sunday. Miss Bertha Moseley is planning to spend the week end as a guest of Miss Hazel Davis at La Porte, Ind. Last Sunday morning at 5:00 A.M. (dawn), the Upsilon Delta Pi Sorority went on a four mile hike to Blue Island. They took their lunch, had no end of a jolly, good time; but "Rode" back on the trolley car. Those who "dared" were the Misses Hodges, Moseley, Perrys, Dodges, Johnson, Taylor, McGooden, Lee, Harsh, Overtons and Kennedys. Mrs. Art Codozoe, 5329 South Wabash ave., was at home Sunday to friends for Mesdames Fox and Ferguson of Ohio. TEXANS LYNCH A NEGRO. Body of Black Found Hanging in Tree After Duel with Constable After Duel with Constable. Gilmer, Tex., Oct. 6—The body of Will Spencer, a Negro, riddled with bullets, was hanging to a tree near Graceton, Upshur county, today, as a result of a lynching last night. Spencer and Constable Ed Harrell of Graceton testerday fought a duel, in which the constable was slightly wounded, while the Negro was shot twice. The lynching followed. THE OLD KEYSTONE HOTEL WILL OPEN UP FOR BUSINESS. ON ABOUT OCTOBER 15, UNDER THE MANAGEMENT OF J. R. DUNCAN. The old Keystone Hotel, 3022 S. State street, which was for many years the headquarters of all the men visitors to Chicago, which was in its palmy days, conducted by Mortimore and Hunter; Samuel R. Snowden; Simmons and Fry and later on by Capt. John L. Fry, and last but not least, David McGowan, it being closed up under his management about one year ago. It is now being remodeled and thoroughly overhauled from the basement to the garret and about October 15 it will re-open under the management of Jack R. Dunean, who hails from Michigan who seems to be a live wire. "NO COLOR LINE" SAYS SUPREME COURT Cities of the second class can not have separate schools for Negroes in Kansas. This is the ruling of the Supreme Court in an application of three Negroes of Galena for a writ of mandamus to compel the city to admit their children to the schools attended by White children. Last summer the city established a separate school for Negroes and provided it with as good teachers and equipment as the regular schools. The court granted the writ holding that there be no discrimination made between White and Colored children. OCTOBER ANNOUNCEMENTS OF THE APPOMATTOX CLUB. Re-opening of the regular Friday evening dancing class, Friday eve., October 6th, 1916, and every Friday evening thereafter. Club Halloween party, Friday evening, October 27th. Col. J. R. Marshall, President; D. McGowan, Secretary. THE BROAD AX, CHICAGO, OCTOBER 7, 1916. Marianne Johnson HON. SAMUEL ALSCHULER. Member of the United States Circuit, warm spot in the hearts of his fellow that the Hon. Woodrow Wilson will States. Member of the United States Circuit Court of Appeals who still occupies a warm spot in the hearts of his fellow citizens, who is firmly of the opinion; that the Hon. Woodrow Wilson will be re-elected President of the United States. Attorney A. E. Patterson head of the National Colored Democratic League, has returned home from New York City, where he was called on some important business. Hon. Edward J. Glackin, the painstaking Secretary of the Board of Local Improvements continues to prove himself to be one of the best and most popular public officials in the City Hall. The Villa Dancing Class, holds forth every Tuesday evening, at Dreamland Hall, 3522 S. State street. Admission 25cts, by invitation only. Richard E. Moore, Jr., Manager. Phil H. Brown, who is one of the main Lieutenants of Col. Hert, chairman of the Western branch of the Republican National Committee; spent the first part of this week in Kentucky on political business. Nathan Pryor, 521 West 54th Place, who was one of the oldest citizens residing in the Town of Lake passed away a few days ago. Masonic funeral services will be held over his remains Sunday afternoon, at Masonic Hall, 3954 South State street. If you haven't used Seeby's Quinade, you have missed all of the vast benefits of "hair-health" which this famous hair pomade brings. Go to your drugist and get a jar now, use it as the directions tell you—and watch the great improvement it will produce. Edward Tidrington, who is one of the big Odd Fellows in this city; returned home the latter part of last week, from attending the sessions of the B. M. C. at Washington, D. C., while on his vacation trip; he also visited Philadelphia, Pa., Boston, Mass., New York City and Atlantic City, N. J. Charles E. Morrison, special messenger to His Honor, Mayor William Hale Thompson, says, "when you are in Rome, you must do as the Romans do," and he is thoroughly convinced; that for their best interest in the future; that all the Colored men residing in this state, should vote for Col. Frank O. Lowden, for Governor and that the Hon. Charles E. Hughes will be the next President of the United States. Mr. and Mrs. M. L. Clinkscale, 5652 So. State St., returned last Monday from a visit to Mother and Friends in Kansas city and Prof. C. W. Black and wife of Plattsburg, Mo. Also their little Niece Quinlock King, of Kansas City returned home with them and will spend the winter and attend school. Dr. A. Wilberforce Williams, who was for the past week confined in Provident Hospital with a severe affection of one cf his eyes. But to the great gratification of his many friends he is now rapidly improving and at the present time he is resting comfortably at his home, 3408 Vernon avenue. Dr. Edward S. Miller, this week purchased a brand new racing auto of the latest model, which will enable him to visit his many patients with much ease and comfort and a whole army of dashing grass widows are more than willing to smile on him now with the prospect of being invited to enjoy a ride with him in his new gas machine. --- CHIPS montclair Banker Inaugurates National Movement For Dates at Week End. Montclair, N. J. - A holiday that would be celebrated over the entire North American continent north of the Rio Grande is one of the possibilities of the Saturday full holiday national movement that has been started here by Alfred N. Chandler, a banker, at 54 Gates avenue. The movement is to be of wide scope, and headquarters, in charge of Mr. Chandler, are to be opened in Newark. The object of the movement is to have the present "fixed date" holidays, except Christmas and New Year's days, shifted to specified Saturdays nearest the dates of their present observance, and as an equivalent offset in annual holiday hours thus gained, the adoption of eight Saturday full holidays in the summer time, including Independence and Labor days. Whether Washington was born on the twenty-second calendar day of February or on the third Saturday of February; whether Lincoln was born on the twelfth calendar day of February or on the second Saturday of February; whether the Declaration of Independence was adopted on the fourth calendar day of July or on the first Saturday of July; whether Columbus discovered the western hemisphere on the twelfth calendar day of October or on the second Saturday of October—none of these precise dates of the calendar is of paramount importance when compared with the spirit of the event commemorated in the minds of those who are behind the Saturday full holiday national movement. "The business and professional man in these days begins the week's work on Monday mornings keyed up in spirit for five or five and a half days of continued and uninterrupted effort." said Mr. Chandler in speaking of the movement. "but on the average in every sixth week there comes with a bang a legal holiday in the middle of the week. At such times it becomes difficult to throw off the pressure, to relax, to get the holiday spirit." DRILLED. MERCURY AT 130. Japanese Troops Wore Anything They Pleased In Formosa. Tokyo.-American militiamen drilling on the Mexican border in terrific heat may cool off when they hear that 2,000 Japanese soldiers marched and maneuvered twelve days in Formosa with the mercury as high as 130 degrees F. And only three cases of sunstroke were reported in the entire period. The first nine days were spent in constant marching, the troops covering 100 miles. Because of the heat the soldiers were permitted to wear any clothing they pleased. Some wore helmets, some straw hats, some knitted underskirts or a thin kimono. Falls Forty Feet on Man's Back Chester, Pa. "See a pin and pick it up all that day you'll have good luck," murmured Thomas Delaney as he stopped to pick up a pin at the foot of a scaffold. Then Joseph Gest, aged sixteen, came tumbling from the top of the scaffold and alighted on the former's back. Gest's tumble was over forty feet, and, while he was severely injured, he will recover, physicians say. Delaney was only slightly jarred and continued at work. Undutiful Sixty-year-old Son Camden, N. J. - William Brun, an undutiful son of some sixty summers, was sentenced to twenty days in the county jail by City Magistrate Stackhouse here for disorderly conduct. William had been intoxicated and had talked back when his ninety-year-old father read him an anti-alcohol lecture and then had resisted punishment. Early Panama. The first permanent settlement in the new world was established at Panama Aug. 15, 1519, by Pedrarias, the Spanish governor. In exploring the Pacific coast along the isthmus the Spanish adventurers found a small fishing village called Panama, and on the date given above the governor established his capital there. Two years later, by royal decree, Panama was made a city and the seat of a bishop. Panama became the center for Spanish explorations in North and South America, and many expeditions were sent out from there in search of gold. It was from Panama, in 1524, that Pizarro began the voyage which ended in the discovery of Peru. After that a highway was established across the isthmus, following much the same route as the Panama canal, and over this the wealth of Peru was transported to the Spanish treasure ships in the Atlantic. To this day small sections of paved road are to be seen as relics of the old Spanish highway over which so much treasure was carried. Very Set In His Ways. The people of Fitchburg in the eighteen thirties resented Joseph Palmer's beard. He was the only bearded man in that part of the country, and he was persecuted for it. When he resisted the attack of several neighbors who proposed to shave him he was put in jail on a charge of unprovoked assault. He far outstayed his sentence, said his son, because he had to pay for all his food, drink and coal for heating, and he considered they cheated him, so he refused to go. The sheriff and jailer, tired of having him there, begged him to leave. Even his mother wrote to him "not to be so set." But nothing could move him. He said that they had put him in there and they would have to take him out, as he would not walk out. They finally carried him out in his chair and placed it on the sidewalk. The neighbors were irritated, not only by Joseph Palmer's beard, but by his general attitude of mind—he was "so set."—Atlantic Monthly. When Chocolate Was Denounced. Strong passions were roused in the seventeenth century among those who thought chocolate was an invention of the devil. A formidable treatise was written in order to denounce the use of the beverage by monks. The treatise appeared in 1624, but the monks saw to it, by destroying every copy that came their way, that its circulation was small and brief. Chocolate houses succeeded coffee houses in London as centers of a supposed greater refinement, although Roger North described them as centers for the benefit of "rooks and cullies of quality, where gaming is added to all the rest" and where plots against the state were hatched by idle fellows. — London Graphic. Shorthand Pioneer That the ancients were thoroughly conversant with shorthand is an undisputed fact. It subsequently became a lost art until revived or rediscovered toward the end of the sixteenth century. At this time there lived William Lawrence, who died in 1621 and was buried in the cloister of Westminster abbey. There the visitor may read his epiphath, which includes the following lines: Shorthand he wrote. His flower in prime did fade, And barky death short hand of him hath And hasty death short hand of him hath made. —London Standard. Crust of French Bread. There is one precious quality which distinguishes French bread from all the other breads in the world, the quality, namely, of an extraordinarily thick crust. French bread has a thick, crisp, appetizing crust because it is baked with a fuel composed of poplar branches. The light poplar wood gives an intense heat, which for some reason makes crust as no other fuel will do.-Exchange. A Novelty. "When I went home the other night," said Mr. Meekton, "Henrietta mistook me for a burglar. "It must have been an unpleasant experience." "I rather enjoyed it. It was the first time in my life Henrietta was ever afraid of me."-Washington Star. Eager to Practice: "My boy, you want to practice thrift." "I know, dad, but I haven't got the tools." "What do you mean by that?" "If you'll let me have the $5 I need I'll see how long I can make it last."—Detroit Free Press. Bad Habit. "I'm going out, Maria, to get a little ozone in my system." "I do wish, James, you would stop taking them dangerous drugs."—Baltimore American. England's Army Rifle The English rifle, the Lee-Enfield, fires thirty-four shots a minute. It is made in ninety-four parts, involving over a thousand operations. Could Help Her. Fussy Lady Patient—I was suffering so much, doctor, that I wanted to die. Doctor—You did right to call me in dear lady—London Opinion. Directly Over It Bacon—What is that watchmaker doing at his bench at night? Egbert—Oh, he's working over time.—Yonkers Statesman. "Time is money"—yet lots of people with plenty of time on hand try to borrow money. CAREFULLY SEARCH ALL WHO LEAVE GERMANY Ears, Nose, Teeth and Toes Are Closely Examined For Information. Copenhagen.—Every one who leaves Germany by way of Warneumende for Denmark is stripped. Ears, nose, teeth and toes are examined to see that no information or plans for the enemy are being carried out. Reichstag members, wives of officials, correspondents and laborers are treated the same. When travelers leave the train they enter a small wooden shed, resembling a temporary bathhouse at an American beach. Here the passports are taken away and examined. The holders are given numbers. When the passport of a traveler is inspected he is called into another room, where he is questioned about the object of his journey. From here the wayfarer goes into a large room where baggage is examined, while detectives stand in front and back to see that nothing is slipped by. Every scrap of paper or cardboard is taken away, even wrappings and paper lining to boxes. Cotton is removed from medicine bottles. Cigars are examined, some are cut open; chocolate in sealed packages is opened, the wrapping destroyed and half the chocolate is broken up into bits to see that nothing is hidden. Shoes with new half soles are opened. The searcher feels everything, examines canes to see if they are hollow, opens umbrellas and holds every collar up to the light to see that nothing is written on the lining. FRANCE PLANNING FOR TUNNEL TO ENGLAND Passageway Would Cost $80,000,000, Half to Be Borne by Each Country. Paris.—France has taken all necessary steps to enter into negotiations with England to build jointly a tunnel under the English channel to connect the two countries, the long talked of project, which the war has revived because it has demonstrated as nothing else could the value of the tube to both countries. Had the tunnel been in existence in the present conflict it could have been of immeasurable value to England and France for the transportation of troops and supplies and would have liberated French and British war vessels from one of their biggest tasks. The plans were outlined by M. Sartiaux, chief engineer of the Nord Railway company, who is one of the strongest advocates of the project. He said: "The tunnel would cost $80,000,000 half of which would be borne by England and half by France. Each country would build one-half of the tunnel. Britain is spending just now $30,000,000 a day and France $20,000,000, so that two days' war time expenditure of both countries would more than cover the cost of making the tunnel. "It is proposed to make two tunnels—one for traffic from France to England, another for traffic from England to France. Some people seem to think a cross channel tunnel might be a danger because it might fall into the hands of the enemy. To capture the French end would not be an easy task. The mouth of the tunnel on French soil would be ten miles from the coast, and in order to reach it the enemy would have to capture Calais and negotiate three intervening hills of an average height of 150 feet." MAYOR LEADS IN BIRD WAR. Poughkeepsie's Executive Gets Hunters to Shoot Starlings. Poughkeepsie. — To exterminate a flock of blackbirds and starlings which have disturbed the morning repose of the wealthy residents Mayor Daniel W. Wilbur led a band of twelve hunters against the birds at sundown. Armed with shotguns and rifles they attracted several thousand persons, and the police reserves were called out to keep the spectators at a safe distance. "Colonel Roosevelt has nothing on us when it comes to hunting, I guess," said Mayor Wilbur, standing in his auto directing the attack. "There is no law protecting blackbirds and starlings, and the war will be continued until the last bird is killed." Soon after the firing begin one of the hunters killed two robins. The hunter was deprived of his license on the spot and will be prosecuted by the local game protector. KRAFT $500,000 WILL FILED "Old Tanner" of Bronxville Left Piano Secret to Sons. White Plains, N. Y.-The will of the late Frederick W. Kraft, known as the "old tanner" of Bronxville, who left an estate estimated to be worth close to $500,000, was fled for probate with Surrogate Sawyer at White Plains. Mr. Kraft, who was eighty-one, held the secret process for the manufacture of high grade leather, which is used in piano keys. The secret was imparted to his sons. William F. and John Kraft, before his death, and after leaving them the bulk of his fortune he requests them to continue the leather business in Bronxville. After leaving his grandson, William Dinsmore Kraft, his gold watch and all his valuable diamonds, the decedent bequeaths $2,000 to Frank Gallow, described as "the young man I raised." Talks on HEALTH, CLEANLINESS, PROPER LIVING, SANITATION, ETC. 3300 So. State Street Phode Douglas 3617 PTOMAINE POISONING The term ptomaine poisoning has been made to mean food poisoning of germ origin. At least that is the meaning that is intended by popular consent. Custom has decreed it and hence we use the terms ptomaine poisoning and food poisoning synonymously. But there is a technical difference sometimes, for instance, food poisons may be of two kinds, endogenous poisons, meaning from within and exogenous poisons meaning from without. The endogenous food poisons, an example of which is the poisonous mushroom, should not be regarded as foods. The exogenous food poisons are the most common and are made poisonous by accidental contamination. Any food is liable to become poisonous under certain circumstances; this is true especially of nitrogenous substances, meats, eggs, ice cream, milk and the like. Such foods contain micro-organisms that are harmless and even beneficial within certain limitations; but when those germs are permitted to reach the disease producing stage in those foods they cause ptomaine poisoning. They cause a symptom complex called by different names, depending upon the organ that happens to be overcome by the germs and their poisonous products. Pain is a prominent symptom that is often earlier than any other symptom; it is certainly the most distressing symptom. Vomiting is perhaps second RADIO BETWEEN AEROPLANES RADIO BETWEEN AEROPLANES Message Sent and Received When Machines Were In Flight. San Diego, Cal.-What is said to be an important advance in the field of aeronautical radiotelegraphy was achieved here when a wireless message was sent from one aeroplane in flight to another. Captain C. C. Culver in an army machine piloted by Lieutenant Herbert Dargue received the message, which was transmitted a distance of several miles by Lieutenant W. A. Robertson, who was in another machine guided by A. D. Smith. The message, which read, "National aviation field sets new world's records," was received distinctly by Captain Culver. According to Captain Culver, this is the first time on record in this country and perhaps in the world that a wireless message has been received by one aeroplane from another while both machines were in flight. BABY SERVED IN A LAWSUIT. One-year-old Heir to Share In Million Dollar Estate Summoned. Bridgeport, Conn.—A one-year-old baby was served with papers in a lawsuit when Deputy Sheriff Cunningham went to Riverside and found little Helen Green at the palatial summer home of her father, Harold Rumsey Green. The baby is one of twenty heirs of James Green, who died in St. Louis in 1814, leaving an estate of $1,000,000. Two of the heirs, Laura C. Littlebrant and Marlan C. Littlebrant of St. Louis, have brought suit to have the will set aside on the ground that Green was incompetent. Cow Mothers Young Pigs. Milton. Dell.-Because his cow had been milked dry every evening and his family had been compelled to do without milk or butter John Henderson, of Broadklin Neck sat up with a gun the other night in the hope of catching the thief. He was astonished to find that the cow was a willing victim of his young pigs, who turns sucking milk while the old cow lay on the ground for their better provision. The cow is now pasturing within a hog tight fence. Eats Eel That Nearly Drowned Him. Rochester, N. Y. - While County Clerk William S. Cornwell of Pena Yan was in swimming he cried for help, and when rescuers brought him to shore a five pound eel was found fastened to his right foot. The eel was killed and dressed, in and the evening Cornwell and his friends dined off the fish that nearly drowned him. Big Pelican Killed. Middlesboro, Ky.—A beautiful pell can was, killed on a farm near Arthur, Tenn., recently. It was a large bird, white with black tips on the wings, which measured seven feet from tip to tip. Its bill measured twelve inches in length, and it stood fire feet high. 5 only to pain in the time of its appearance and in its power of producing distress. Diarrhea and constipation are found in certain cases of ptomaine poisoning. The latter is more often found than is the former. Gases are produced in the stomach and intestines by the action of certain germs; the process is called fermentation. Foul odors of the breath and of the excreta are produced by chemical disintegration of putrefactive products of germs. The germs render us a double service; they produce good or ill, depending upon time, quantity and quality. They contaminate water and thus produce disease; they attack foul water and purify it, thus aiding health processes. The making of cheese, the aroma and palatability of wines and beers, as well as other gustatory enjoyments of our foods, depend upon the action of germs, microscopical in size but mighty in performance. Ptomaine poisoning is often caused by not removing canned meats, fish and other canned foods at once upon opening before chemical changes are produced by the combined action of the tin, the air and the germs. The poisons thus formed are powerful alkaloids called ptomaines by students of physiological chemistry. If the body is not properly cared for internally, ptomaine poisoning is more than a possibility. Illinois Press Comment Springfield News-Record: The present system overburdens land and other visible property. It permits intangible property to escape. Edwardsville Intelligence: Popular willingness to give state legislatures the necessary authority to meet modern and advancing economic conditions, especially in states like New York and Maryland, where the vote was taken on a basis of actual experience, may be reflected in Illinois when the amendment is voted upon. Illinois State Journal: In all these years no one has raised his voice in defense of the existing scheme. Chicago Herald: If adopted by the people, as it will be, it (the amendment), will empower the general assembly to enact laws that will take note of the fact that income-producing power as well as market value, must be considered in any fair taxation system. Trey Call: The pending amendment will not of itself make any change in existing laws. Watseka Republican: Other states have dealt with the tax problem with considerable success. Milan Independent: Years of effort have been spent by honesty-loving legislators in getting such an amendment through as we now have to vote upon. The Farmers' Review: Under the present system, which has been in vogue in Illinois since 1848, greater burdens are constantly heaped upon real property. Streator Free Press: The action of the legislature with reference to the taxing of Illinois is eminently timely. Galesburg Mall: There is nothing to lead us to believe that the people's verdict will not favor new tax laws. Elgin News: If all the property in Elgin were actually taxed, the revenue derived therefrom at the present rate would be more than ample. But if never has been and never will be under the present law. Kewanee Courier: Injustice and inequity should give way to fairness in our Illinois system of taxing and this action of the legislature (submission of the amendment) is a step in the right direction. Belleville News-Democrat: Other states, similar in character to Illinois, by modern and scientific methods, have made tax-dodging a rare offense, instead of a common habit, and have devised means for taxing effectively and justly those classes of property which largely escape in Illinois. Dixon Telegraph: In eastern states where the power of centralized wealth in great cities is greater than in Illinois, we see no tendency to exempt this vast (intangible) wealth, but rather the effective taxation of it on a basis, having some regard for the income and character of the property taxed. Menmouth Review: Let anyone invest his or her savings in bonds, stocks or mortgages, or let anyone put a sum in a savings bank, and Illinois demands annually half or two-thirds of the income from such securities or deposits. THE BROAD AX, CHICAGO, OCTOBER 7, 1916 Charles E. Stump Attended the A. M. E. Conference at Wichita, Kansas, Where he Feasted on] Fried Chicken and Sweet Honey, then departed[for] Houston, Texas. Kansas City, Kansas.—Things have been moving along nicely in Kansas, because I have been to Wichita, Kans., to attend a conference held by Bishop H. Blanton Parks, D. D., of Chicago who is doing some real good for all of his people and the whole country. He must do some real riding in order to cover his district believe me. In Wichita the 41st session of the Kansas Conference was held. It opened on Wednesday morning, September 27, and it was a fine opening, then followed the annual address of Bishop Parks. He said something about opening a new century. I think it was the first session of the conference in the second century of his church, and believe me that man did make some talk. There was introduced to the conference one of the most successful lawyers in that section of the country. He is a man who is doing things up right, and he was Lawyer E. P. Blakemore. He made a few remarks and invited the whole conference to join him at one o'clock in an automobile ride. This was accepted. All the dinner was served right in the church, and I partook of it myself, and when it was over there were on the outside 30 real automobiles ready to take the conference. This was headed by Lawyer Blakemore in his private car, and following him was one containing Mayor Bentley, of the city of Wichita, one of the City Commissioners, Bishop and Mrs. Parks, and in the next was to be found Presiding Elders J. T. Smith, J. C. C. Owens, and H. W. King, and I was invited to take a seat in the same car with them big elders, which I accepted, and then in the other cars followed the elders and members of the conference, and there was room for a number of the women. It was a great ride. Wichita is a growing town, but now will you stop and think what happened. The mayor of a big city joining in showing the conference his town. I have never seen or heard of anything like it in my life. No one would ever take Bishop Parks for a White man, yet he rode right by the side of the Mayor, and the biggest man in this town was not ashamed to be with one of us. After it was all over, he delivered us at the church and at night returned and told us just how welcome we were to the city, and said that he stood ready to do anything in his power for the comfort and happiness of the conference, and I believe he meant it. God bless such big men as this. He is just a man every inch of him. Well, the conference was well attended and the men are getting ready to get down to business. They are just pushing things to the front, and it is hard to tell where they will end. I reached the city and was assigned to stop at the home of Mrs. Covington with a number of other preachers. One of them Rev. H. H. Jones, demanded that he be given a room to himself as he never slept in a room with any one. Well, we were all happy during the week except that one preacher, and I was glad to see him that way. They were all preachers, and I don't see why he would refuse to stay in a room with his brother ministers. Rev. J. R. Ransom, D. D., of Kansas City, Kans., was some pumpkins in the conference, and they declare that they are going to get behind him during the next annual or general conference and make him a bishop. Well, he has won the place and I will be proud to see it. Rev. R. H. Singleton, of Georgia, is on the same shelf, and I think they will find him when they get to make up the slates. He is a deserving man. But this is not time to talk about General conference and making bishops, but let us see where I have been and what I saw there. Well I had the pleasure of meeting Dr. H. T. Kealing, A. M., president of the Western University, Quindaro, Kans., who is some educator. Now that man came along and he did make some real speeches. I had the pleasure of hearing him speak. It was just one of those speeches you read about. He left for Texas. Then there was Prof. John R. Hawkins. Prof. Hawkins is financial secretary of the A. M. E. church, and he was one of the speakers there. He just picked them people up and carried them around, so to speak. He was right at home. I was delighted to look into the faces of these good people. I wanted to say more to them but it was impossible to do so. Now I went around and met some of the leading men and women of the town, visited the schools, talked with the teachers. They were all delighted to see and be with me. I am sorry that I cannot tell you all the things that took place while I was there. The conference closed and I spent the night with several of my sister's daughters. They were glad to see their Uncle Charley, and he was glad to see them, believe me, honey. They had one more chicken dinner for their uncle they had not seen for years. They were Mrs. Lillie Fielder and Miss Mabel Overstreet. These young people were doing good. Mrs. Fielder had lost by death her husband. Her brother was there, also her father, Milton Overstreet. He has some chickens to his credit, believe me, honey. I have been to Topeka, and had the pleasure of visiting a school there, which is called the Western Tuskegee. At the head of this institution is Prof. W. R. Carter, an educator. I was the guest of Mr. and Mrs. J. M. Wright, and it was a nice thing to be their guest. Mr. Wright was for a long time the real treasurer of Topeka, Kans. and now he holds another important position there, and is the only member of our race that is a registered public accountant. He knows his business when it comes to that. Truly John M. Wright is a representative of his race. He believes in the possibility of his people and for them he is spending his life. For a long time he has been actively engaged in the National Negro Business League, and will continue with them. His wife is one of the best singers this race has in America. She was for a long time with Blind Boone, and when she married took hold of her beautiful home in Topeka. She is connected with the things that mean to help the race. I am proud to know these good people. I met Rev. Jesse Peck, and Rev. T. L. Griffith, who is pastor of the Baptist church, and there is one church without a preacher, and I thought one time I would get it or settle up. Dr. Chesta Augusteene Deane is the leading druggist in the town, and she is one of the finest women I have ever met. She is right down to business, and is doing well in the city. I want to here congratulate her on the good work she is doing. Now I will have to bring this letter to a close until the next time. I hope to be able to keep you reading what I am doing and where I am going. My next letter will be from Houston, Texas, or some other southern point. Undue Taxation of Evidences of Indebtedness Makes Debtor Pay Twice. Undue Taxation of Evidences of Indebtedness Makes Debtor Pay Twice. A conspicuous injustice which the constitutional amendment, to be voted on November 7, will make it possible to remedy, is double taxation. The taxation of mortgaged property and of mortgages as well as some other forms of intangible value occasions frequent complaint of "double taxation." Most farms and most homes in Illinois today are bought on the part-payment plan, a little cash and a note secured by mortgage being given by the purchaser. A mortgage on land is taxable. And in effect is double taxation. Two tax values have been created where only one before existed. In paying the interest the mortgagor must pay all or part of the tax which the mortgagee is obligated to pay. The fact that the mortgagee evades taxation generally does not benefit the mortgagor. Mortgaged land is land burdened with double taxation. Suppose that a man sells a horse for say $200 and takes a note for it, the note becomes taxable. Suppose, further, that the buyer sells the horse to another man for another note, this second note becomes taxable. This same horse may be sold indefinitely on credit creating a taxable value each time that it is sold. Many other examples might be cited. The merchant who buys a stock of goods on credit may have in bank on assessment day the money to pay his debt. In that case, the money, the goods and the credit are all three subject to taxation and the merchant cannot, now, offset his debt against his money in bank nor the goods on his shelves. Modern laws regard mortgages and kindred values as differing in character from other property and tax them according to ability to bear the tax. Greater justice and a better basis for revenue result. Some years ago a writer in the English Notes and Queries, writing about the name "Black Maria" as applied to prison vans, quoted from a periodical, presumably English, named the Million, as follows: "During the old colonial days Maria Lee, a negress, kept a sailors' boarding house in Boston. She was a woman of gigantic size and prodigious strength and was of great assistance to the authorities in keeping the peace, as the entire lawless element of that locality stood in awe of her. Whenever an unusually troublesome person was to be taken to the station house the services of Black Maria, as she was called, were likely to be required. It is said that she once took at one time and without assistance three riotous sailors to the lockup. So frequently was her help required to the expression 'Send for Black Maria' came to mean 'Take the disorderly person to jail.' It is easy to see how the name became fixed to the prison van." Our Medal of Honor: The medal of honor of the United States, given for bravery on the field of battle, was first instituted in 1862 by a law approved July 12 of that year. It is a five pointed star of bronze tipped with trefoil, each point containing a crown of laurel and oak. In the middle, within a circle of thirty-four stars, America, personified as Minerva, stands with her left hand resting on the fasces, while her right, in which she holds a shield emblazoned with the American arms, she repulses Discord, represented with two snakes in each hand, the whole suspended by a trophy of two crossed cannon balls and a sword surmounted by the American eagle, which is united by a ribbon of thirteen stripes, palewise, gules and argent and a chief azure, to a clasp composed of two cornucopias and the American arms. Size of the Roman Empire. According to the historian Gibbon, the Roman empire "was above 2,000 miles in breadth, from the wall of Antoninus and the northern limits of Docia to Mount Atlas and the Tropic of Cancer; that it extended in length more than 3,000 miles, from the western ocean to the Euphrates; that it was situated in the finest part of the temperate zone, and that it was supposed to contain above 1,600,000 square miles." According to this, the Roman empire was considerably smaller than the United States, the area of which (leaving out Alaska and the islands) is nearly 3,000,000 square miles, or almost twice as big as was the empire of the Caesars. Airshills and Altitude. There are two ways of measuring altitude in a flying machine. One is by triangulation from the ground, which is an involved operation, requiring the services of several trained experts in the calculation of angles from different points on a measured distance on the earth's surface. The second and usual way is by means of a barograph, which is a form of aneroid barometer that records altitude by means of atmospheric pressure. The latter method is not as exact as the former, but is more expeditious and is approximately correct. End of the Story: "Oh, if I were only beautiful," she sighed artfully. "I wouldn't care if I were you," he said. "You are very intellectual and you have a sweet disposition. Besides, you are nice to your mother, and all that is much better than being beautiful." And he was never invited to see her again—Pall Mall Gazette. Happy Boys. "The Smithers twins are so much alike that their own mother can't tell them apart." "That must be rather confusing." "It is, but the boys don't mind it. Their mother never dares to whip either of them for fear it might be the wrong one."-Exchange. Important. "My dear, what shall I buy you for your birthday?" "Consult our jeweler. He knows pretty well what my tastes are." "And did you tell him anything about the state of my finances?"—Kansas City Journal. Her Tact. Howard - Did she refuse you, old man? Coward - Well, in a delicate, indirect way. She told me she never wanted anything she could get easily. ```markdown ``` PRACTICAL HEALTH HINT. The Inattentive Child. Never scold a child who is dull or heedless nor one who seems to refuse to pay attention. Take such a child to a physician for an examination, for many times there will be found explanations for his conduct-his ears may be diseased or filled with impacted wax, which dulls or prevents his hearing. His eyesight may be so defective as to keep him from fixing his gaze upon anything. Children who are normal and well are bright, alert, attentive and responsive. Those who are ill or suffering from disease of the nervous system, some defect of hearing or vision, are unable to do anything as it should be done and deserve pity and never blame. PAGE FIVE Many centuries ago a poor monk was compelled to travel upon a long and arduous journey. His road was rocky, his sandals were worn, and he suffered agonies as he trudged grimly upon his holy errand. One day as he sat by the wayside resting a sheep came up to him, bleating in the most friendly fashion. The good monk petted the sheep and was grateful for its dumb friendliness, when suddenly he had an inspiration. He took out his sheath knife, sheared two handfuls of wool from the sheep and placed one in the heel of either sandal. That afternoon as he trudged along his feet seemed light, his step springy. The wool took the jar from his spine, the impact of the stony road from his aching, swollen feet. The next morning as he started out he thought to rearrange the wool padding and discovered that the friction and the movement of his feet in the sandals had reduced the wool to a sort of a cloth. Thus was discovered felt, which to this day is one of the most effective substances ever discovered for padding purposes. How Saccharin Was Discovered. How Saccharin Was Discovered. Saccharin is the most valuable substitute for sugar we know. Yet it, like many other present day inventions, had a rather unlikely beginning. It can be taken with impunity by diabetic patients, to whom ordinary sugar is death, and it is many times sweeter than that commodity. And, strangely enough, it has only been known to science since 1887. That year Dr. Fahlberg was employed upon the all important subject of coal tar derivatives at the Johns Hopkins university. Sitting one evening at tea, he was surprised to find how sweet his bread and tasted. He traced the sweetness to his fingers, then to his coat sleeves and finally to one of the bowls of derivatives in his laboratory. Experiments upon himself and animals proved alike the harmlessness of the compound and its extreme sweetness. And saccharin was "discovered."—Exchange. Marines and Their Fingers. Men with long, tapering "plane" fingers are apt to desert after short service, while those having stubby digits, denoting stability of character and utter lack of the artistic temperament, usually stand by their oaths and make the best marines, according to finger print experts at headquarters of the United States marine corps. Although desertions from the corps are light at all times, it has been found that actors, sign writers and, strange to say, waiters furnish the largest number of deserters. Records, including finger prints, of all men enlisted in the marine corps are kept at headquarters for purposes of identification, and there are cases on record where bodies with finger tips intact have been positively identified through the finger print medium. Quite Common. "It's strange what interest small boys and girls take in boasting about the possessions of themselves and their families. Mollie, aged nine, and Nancy, a year younger, were trying to outmatch each other at this game, and Mollie was several points ahead in the contest. "Oh, you should see my mother's fan!" she boasted, thinking to make her victory complete. "It's lovely—all hand painted." Nancy tossed a scornful head. "Pooh!" she retorted. "That's nothing. So's our garden fence." Bold Court Fool. Ferdinand 11. was a man of very uncertain moods and would allow his jester to take liberties with him one hour while resenting any familiarity the next. One day he turned round on Jonas, his favorite fool, and thundered: "Fellow, be silent! I never stoop to talk to a fool!" "Never mind that," answered Jonas. "I do. So please listen to me in your turn." To Make Sure "Won't you please leave the light burning in the hall, mother?" pleaded little Robert as he was being put to bed. "Nonsense, Bobble," was the reply. "Surely you know there isn't anything to be afraid of in the dark." "Yes, I know, but can't you leave a teeny weeny light so I can see there isn't anything there?"—Exchange. Bob Burdette's Aside. When Bob Burdette was addressing the graduating class of a large eastern college for women he began his remarks with the usual salutation, "Young ladies of '97." Then in a horrified aside he added, "That's an awful age for a girl!" Envelopes. Envelopes were practically unknown before 1725. About that time one was seen semi-occasionally. As late as 1850 letters were often sent folded and sealed. Envelopes may be said to have come into use shortly after 1844.-Exchange. Badly Timed. Nephew—I tried to get a raise today. aunt, but the boss refused it. Mrs. Blunderby—Too bad. Dicky! Perhaps you didn't approach him at the zoological moment.—Boston Transcript. Atlas Rejoices. Atlas bore the world on his shoulders. "It is much easier than having it on your conscience." he explained—New York Sun. The virtue of justice consists in moderation as regulated by wisdom.—Aristotle. PACE SIX TAMPICO SCUTTLE A CRAVEN AFFAIR SAYS ROOSEVELT Constituted So Grave an Offense Against the Nation's Honor and Duty That the Man Responsible Should Be Removed From Office. WILSON CANNOT SHIELD HIMSELF BEHIND DANIELS Authentic Proof That Americans In Peril Were Deserted by Their Own Government Against the Protest of the Senior Naval Officer Present Most Pusillanimous Episode In the Naval Annals of Our Country. Theodore Roosevelt in a letter to Henry Reuterdahl, the naval critic, criticises President Wilson and Secretary Daniels in connection with the Tampico affair, when the American warships were withdrawn by order of the Administration. The colonel says: "You have presented authentic proof of how the Americans in peril at Tampico were deserted by their own government against the protest of the senior American naval officer present. You have shown that the government at Washington had full knowledge of the danger of the situation through telegrams from Admiral Mayo sent by wireless to the navy department on April 11, 12 and 13. You also give the telegram of Mr. Daniels of April 20 directing the admiral to proceed to Vera Cruz. Mayo Feared Loss of Life. "You have shown that Admiral Mayo made an emphatic protest to the navy department, stating that he feared the result of the squadron's leaving would be the loss of American lives and property. You also quote the telegrams sent by Admiral Mayo the following day, containing the protest of the American consul, Mr. Miller, and requesting authority to remain at Tampico. You have shown that, nevertheless, the navy department on the 21st confirmed its previous orders and directed the ships to leave at once. "You have shown that the admiral put out into the ocean eight miles distant, but received a protest from Consul Miller reiterating his demand for protection. You then quote the telegrams and signals of Admiral Mayo, who, in spite of his orders, nobly refused to run from the post of duty while the lives of American men, women and children were in danger." Can't Hide Behind Daniels. Of the President and Secretary Daniels the colonel writes: "President Wilson cannot shield himself behind Mr. Daniels, for Mr. Daniels could do nothing that the president does not order or sanction. When Mr. Daniels actions have been brought to the attention of Mr. Wilson, and are not repudiated by him, they become Mr. Wilson's: and Mr. Wilson is fully and completely responsible for Mr. Daniels, for all that he has done and left undone. "The proof is absolute that when Admiral Mayo was at Tampico he had received full knowledge of the rioting and of the imminent danger to American lives; but that, nevertheless, he steamed away into the ocean, and that the Americans were rescued by German and British ships. This action constituted so grave an offense from the standpoint of national duty and self-respect, that any man responsible for it should be at once taken out of office. Facts Mode Public In U. S. "Shortly thereafter the facts were made public in the United States. If Admiral Mayo had been responsible and had not acted under orders, then the only proper course for Secretary Daniels would have been to order his instant court-martial, and in such case the failure to do so would have shifted the blame at once from the shoulders of Admiral Mayo to the shoulders of superiors, President Wilson and Secretary Daniels. "Therefore, even if these telegrams did not exist, even if there had been no such orders, or those actually issued by the secretary of the navy to Admiral Mayo, nevertheless his superiors, Secretary Daniels and President Wilson, would both have become fully responsible for the guilty transaction by their acquiescence therein. They cannot, as they have sought to do, shift the blame to the shoulders of the admiral." The Soldier Vote A significant feature following the Maine election was the nature of the soldier vote. It is reported that one Maine battalion hiked sixty miles in two days for the purpose of exercising the franchise. And we know how they voted! Latin politeness is proverbial, but aren't these Mexican commissioners exceeding the limit when they persist in likening Woodrow Wilson to Venustiano Carranza? Josephus Daniels might have made a passable secretary of the Salvation Navy, but it was pretty rough to impose him on Uncle Sam's fighting navy. IF ELECTION WERE OVER? While Democrats Are Admittedly the Champion Question Fiends, it is Believed This Quiz is as Unanswerable as Their Most Childlike Effort. If election day were passed would President Wilson make so little of the principle of arbitration in industrial disputes? Would he be so sure that it is more important to preserve peace, when a great strike is threatened, than it is to make judicial methods rather than force the means of settling differences between capital and labor? If election day had come and gone would Mr. Wilson keep the national guardsmen of the country in camp on the ground that they may be needed to protect the United States against Mexico? Would there be months of inaction and indirection in which no use is made of a large body of citizen soldiers? Would they not be allowed to go home or else be set in motion to make Mexico as safe a neighbor as the Administration seems to think that it is already? If election day were past would the President drive through Congress a bill like the shipping bill which is intended to embark the federal government upon a new venture in a hazardous field and use $50,000,000 of the people's money to buy tonnage held above its normal value or else so owned that it cannot be used without peril of international complications? Is sound public policy behind such a measure or only campaign politics? If election day were not to be considered would Woodrow Wilson use so many high and mighty words in international notes and do so little to make them mean anything practical? Would his deeds lag so far behind his phrases? -Cleveland Leader. "HE DIDN'T DO RIGHT." Independent Voters Turning This Conviction Over and Over In Their Minds and It Will Cost Mr. A Democrat-who never voted for a Republican candidate for President except in 1872, when he was forced by the lack of a Democratic nominee to cast his ballot for Horace Greeley, says: "I expect to vote for Woodrow Wilson, but I don't like his course in the railroad dispute. He didn't do right." The railroad controversy has introduced a moral issue into the campaign. Mr. Wilson sacrificed principle to expediency, or what he judges to be expediency, when he tames surrendered to the demands of the train-service brotherhoods. He put his own personal and party need before the public good. He angled for votes. He aimed a body blow at the tried and tested arbitration method of settling differences. "God help you; I cannot," he is said to have exclaimed to the railroad managers, who do not poll as many votes as their employees. But he could have helped them if he had stood impartially between them and the utterly reckless train-service representatives who were bent on their rule-or-reuin programme. "He didn't do right." The consciousness of that fact is sinking deep into the American mind. "He didn't do right." That widespread conviction will cost him thousands of votes on election day. "He didn't do right." He preferred the weak, the timid attitude of the born compromiser. The American people like courage. They like convictions. They like a man who has the courage of his convictions. They like a man who is willing to risk consequences for the sake of a just cause. It was an unjust cause in which Woodrow Wilson enlisted when he accepted the brotherhood view that the chief item in their demands could not be arbitrated—Providence Journal. FIVE THOUSAND A DAY Enrollment's in the Hughes National College League. The Hughes National College League, 511 Fifth avenue, New York, is receiving enrollments at the rate of five thousand a day. They are coming from all parts of the country, and the work of organizing branches in all states and most of the important cities has been started. A large percentage of the enrollments are from men who give their usual political affiliations as Progressive, Democratic or Independent. The league has received the endorsement of Governor Hughes, who wired: "If there was ever a time when the educated men of the country who have its welfare at heart should work for right principles and strong government it is now." Chairman Willcox of the Republican National Committee, ex-President Taft, and John Hays Hammond have also praised the work enthusiastically, as much on the score of the benefit to the men themselves as of the real work it will do to help elect Governor Hughes. The British censorship is delaying the United States mails almost as annoyingly as Burleson's inefficiency. 'BEATEN GOOD AND PLENTY' Champ Clark Sees no Rainbows In Maine Result. "We got whipped, and I guess that is all I will say about the Maine election," said Speaker Champ Clark. "We got beaten good and plenty." THE BROAD AX, CHICAGO, OCTOBER 7, 1916 DECLINED TO PERMIT SQUADRON TO DEFEND AMERICANS. THE WIND FROM MA A wind that's from the rocks and scented by the pine Sweeps through the sycamores t where sequoias line The ranks of giant sentinels th At Tampico there was a general movement of attack by the Mexicans on Americans and other foreigners. We had a squadron of American warships in the neighborhood. The Wilson Administration declined to permit this squadron to be used to defend the lives of American men and the honor of American women, and the commanders of the German and English ships at Tampico had to step in and perform the task our representative had so basely abandoned. At the very time that the Mexican mob had surrounded the building in which the Americans had taken refuge and was howling for their blood, the American fleet, in spite of the protests of the American naval commander, and in accordance with wireless orders from Washington, was forced to steam out of the harbor and leave the Americans to be massacred by the Mexicans or rescued by the Germans and English—From the Speech of Col. Theodore Roosevelt, Delivered at Lewiston, Maine, in Befah of Charles E. Hughes. --- POLITICAL JOTTINGS If plans "to get Villa" are abandoned Villa should reciprocate and refrain from organizing expeditions "to get" American citizens. The fact that Mr. Wilson could endorse this Pork Congress shows that he isn't seasick, anyway. Mr. Pinchot also seems of the opinion that God Hates a Quitter. The man who quotes the Baltimore platform is regarded as a political archeologist. "He kept the country out of war," but he robbed it of its peace. Up in Maine they are now rhyming Hughes with Moose. And there is reason as well as rhyme connecting the two words. "Victory." Mr. Fairbanks told Oklahoma Republicans, "surely will perch on our banner." But Champ Clark tied it up in a neater and more compact bundle when he said: "They licked hell out of us." Members of President Wilson's cabinet are ready to do anything to re-elect their chief, except resign. Writes a former Princeton man: "At first we called him 'W. W.'; then we made it 'I. W. W.'" That one term plank in the Democratic platform of 1912—it is more than likely to hold, after all. When President Wilson called upon the Mexican commissioners at New London he revived old precedents, but did he wave the Stars and Stripes? A man in Washington has made a bust of the President, thus anticipating Mr. Hughes by several weeks. Discussing the endorsement by the Democratic convention of Texas of Mr. Wilson's Mexican policy, the Houston Post (Dem.) flatly declares: "It is not believed anything like a majority of the people of Texas indorse our Mexican policy, and those in a position to know seriously doubt that the platform adopted expressed the real sentiments of the convention itself." The Omaha Bee couples woeful waste with watchful waiting as a Democratic failing. Bolled down, the best that has been said of President Wilson's Mexican policy was that he had good intentions. We've often heard of a road paved with this kind of material. The President is deceived if he believes that the history he has written is not more praiseworthy than that which he has made. President Wilson signed the Philippine bill as moving picture cameras clicked. There is one man who is not afraid to have his mistakes recorded! ```markdown ``` WILSON CONSISTENT ONLY IN HIS VACILLATION. As it is with "war," so it is with "intervention." President Wilson has again and again said he would not "intervene" in Mexico. As a matter of fact he has intervened continuously * * * but as he never followed any policy of either intervention or non-intervention with any resolution—always yielding at the critical moment to some bandit chief of whom he became fearful—both his spasms of intervention and his spasms of non-intervention have all been entirely futile.—From the Speech of Col. Theodore Roosevelt, Delivered at Lewiston, Maine, in Behalf of Charles E. Hughes. THE WIND FROM MAINE. A wind that's from the rocks and sea and scented by the pine Sweeps through the sycamores today and where sequoias line The ranks of giants tremble that guard the slopes, slopen. The balsam of this brizy breeze brings heavy hearts new hopes. The mountains and the rivers cry the message that is Maine's To men whose pride was shattered, and their desperation wanes; Again their hearts are raised to look the future in the face For Maine has been the clarion that's heartening a race. 'Twas shame that sunk the souls of us to depths we never knew In days our flag was honored in the harbors where it flew, When nations paid us homage, for they knew our hands were white, Ere blood of our own countrymen had stained them like a blight. And now again our songs we sing of deeds that we must do To make the dream that passed away momentarily true; For the sturdy souls that breathe the pine have brought to life again The faith that fills a nation's heart that feels the wind from Maine. EDWARD S. VAN ZILE -New York Sun, Sept. 13. EDITORIAL COMMENTS. If you had two dollars to invest would you trust it to the business sagacity of Josephus Daniels? Then, why let him handle the millions that are to be spent on the new navy? Judging by the signs of War Department activity the Administration is cunningly arranging to bring the militiamen home just in time to enable them to vote for Mr. Hughes. A train of thought on a one-track mind has to be composed of shuttle cars. Three years ago Woodrow Wilson was explaining that hard times were psychological, but he isn't trying to squirm out of responsibility for the present prosperity. The disaster to the Memphis caused very little excitement, Americans being used nowadays to seeing the navy on the rocks. This Democratic Congress has passed into history—profane history. President Wilson's speech of acceptance could have been phrased even more succinctly in the graphic words of Boss Tweed, "What are you going to do about it?" We see by the interviews with the Mexican commissioners that the campaign slogan this year in the Sonora bandit belt is "Thank God for Woodrow Wilson." Mr. Wilson's eulogy of Lincoln at Hodgenville was more literary but less sincere than the one he pronounced upon himself at Shadow Lawn. The new half dollars will have an olive branch on one side and on the other an eagle, in full flight. Wilson money. Motto of the McAdoo shipping law: "The sun never rises on the American flag." A Democrat's idea of an ideal watchdog of the Treasury is a Pommeranian. Mr. Wilson is now busily engaged working the other side of the suffrage street. The campaign agents who two years ago were busily engaged thanking God for Woodrow Wilson seem to be taking their vacations just now. A record wasn't the only thing the late Congress broke—there's the Federal Treasury. Congress didn't want a Tariff Commission composed of $12,000 men, those $7,500 salaries being designed for $1,200 men. President Wilson's scheme for commissions for everything has been adroitly planned to make three jobs for deserving Democrats grow where only one would grow before. Vice-President Marshall says Mr. Hughes is an echo of the past. Quite true. Of statesmanship, of patriotic performance and safe legislation. First fruits of the Adamson bill: The New York street car strike. SINFUL MUTILATION We notice that the editor of the Democratic campaign book, made up of samples of "Woodrow Wilson's Wit and Wisdom," has tampered with one specimen speech by omitting the phrase "too proud to fight." This smacks of lese majeste, to say the least. The only possible excuse for this sin of omission that we can think of is that there may also be times when a haughty handbook compiler is too proud to print. HOME OF THE BRAVE, "This is the land of the free and the home of the brave, and if it ceases to be the home of the brave it will soon cease to be the land of the free."—Charles E. Hughes in a Speech Delivered at Plattsburgh, N. Y. FINNEGAN'S PHILOSOPHY. On The Merry-Go-Round. "Faith an' now Wilson's for protection. Four year agone he was agin it, for it was agin the constychooshun. Now that he is for it, that immortal instrument has also changed its mind. He makes me head swim. "But I've good company. Bryan an Garrison, the civil service Dimycrats, and the rale Dimycrats, the Passyfists an' the vulgar sowls that's none 'Too Proud to Fight'—they've all been on the Merry-go-round. Some iv thim turned sick. "God bless ye—ye're a good man, but ye make me dizzy,'" says Bryan, leppin' from the Hobby-Horse and runnin' for the woods. 'I've a ginywine raygrit at losin' ye,' says Wudthrow throwin' him a Cocked-Hat iv the vintage of 1909. "Here's the Army bill," says Garrison. "How does it suit?" he axes. "Fine,' says Wudthrow, 'barrin' a few changes. 'Ye'll redraw it,' he says, to provide,' says he, 'voluntary universal service in a Federal Millshy,' says he, 'controlled the states,' says he; 'an recruited be spiritual com-pulsion,' says he. 'It shud be nayther too large nor too small' says he; 'or maybe both,' he says; 'an the ammynition,' says he 'must be nayther too much, nor too little,' says he. 'I've to see Hay, before I decide the daytales, for 'tis me' jooty to kape an open mind,' says Wudthrow. "At stop the music and lave me off,' says Garrison. 'Are ye crazy or am I? Garrison moans, on his back an gazin' wildly at th' sky. 'God bless ye,' says Wudthrow. 'I've a near-real raygrit in you,' he says. And as Garrison beats it to Jarsey the Merry-go-Round plays a side step. "F'what is the Navy,' says Kitchin. 'It shud be thur'y adaquate ivry-shure,' says the Great Idaylist, 'except in Montany, where we need no Navy,' says he, 'and in St. Louey, where it shud be the biggest in the world. We'll be none extravagant like thim Raypublicans,' says he, 'so here's the Dimycrat bill ye'll pass,' says he. "But this same is the Raypublican's bill,' says Kitchin starin.' 'Ye'll go an pass it,' says Wudthrow, pounding the desk. 'Hooray,' says the black Raypublicans votin' for the bill. 'Do I dream,' says Kitchin. 'If I liver drank, I'd tink I was boozed,' says Kitchin in a thremlin' vice. And he falls off. "How about the Army bill,' axes Hay. "Through an' instant preparation for defense must be the wurd, says Wudthrow, wild heroic ris'lution in his eye. "I have here a bill,' says Hay, 'providin' for an increase iv five hundert men a year for twinty year,' he says; 'an' amynishun for six hours' acksn, he says; 'twill make us safe from maddygasker, measles, muckrakin' milt-rism and marital infidility, he says, 'an' we'll catch Villy before he dies av he doant die before we catch him,' says Hay. "Embrace me,' says Wilson. 'Oh Hay—after all preparedness is a matter iv the heart an' not of guns or forts. Did Cleveland ivlr give ye a job? he axes, stopin' short like. "Dill' a wan,' says Hay. 'Thin' says Wudhrew shakin' the both iv Hay's hands cordial like, 'for yer patriotic service in so bravely sipportin' me policies,' he says, 'in all their phrases,' he says: 'I make a judge iv ye'he,' he says, 'as well as yer frind that ye put in the Joker,' says the Prisdint. 'Howly Shints,' says the preparation S'nitors. "Ph-what does this mean at all at all? they axes. 'I've the wan thrack mind,' says the Presidint, 'an' ye go all through me train iv thought before ye come to the pork car,' says he. 'Are ye on?' axes the Apostle iv Common Counsels. "We're on,' says the Sinitors, falling off. An' the Merry-go-round plays a Wilson Waltz (which ye know, Jawn, is wan step forward, two steps back, hesitate and, sidestep). An' Tumulty goes out to spread the glad tidin' that the preparation prade will be led be the Presidint in person. "How does he save his face? asked Malumphy. "Wild his mouth,' responded Finnegan dryly. OH YOU JOSEPHUSI This is a free advertisement for "Life," issue of September 14: If you want to find a reflection of your own inward opinion of the present amiable, inconsequential and befuddling Secretary of the Navy, here 'tis; for "Life" dedicates an entire issue to our own officious, omniscient, ontological, oleaginous, obligarchical Sir Joe-sea-fuss! Incompeten-Sea. Inefficien-Sea. Idiosyncra-Sea. Inadequa-Sea. Delinquen-Sea. Impermanen-Sea. hypocri-Sea. Also, with a mind to the juice that has made our State and Navy Departments famous, "Life" proposes this toast: "Grape Nuts! Bryan and Daniels!" Hic Jacet! Of the 38 electors who cast Pennsylvania's vote for Roosevelt in 1912, 85 are living and 27 of them have pledged, unitedly, their support to Mr. Hughes. The President must be credited with having put a slick one over if he can get the votes and make the people pay the freight. WHAT HUGHES WOULD HAVE LEFT UNDONE That Is Campaign's True Angle and Not the Trite Question With Which Hecklers Are Nagging the Republican Standard Bearer. ACHIEVEMENTS ASSURANCE BLUNDERING IS NO HABIT Wincing Democrats Trying to Run Away From the Record of the Administration and to Inveigle the Voters Down Rhetorical Bypaths, All In the Thinly-Disguised Effort to Change the Subject. When Mr. Hughes criticises the record of the Administration the spokesmen of Mr. Wilson cry: "What would you have done?" They forget that it is Mr. Wilson and not Mr. Hughes who is on trial. They forget that four years ago Mr. Wilson criticised Mr. Taft and Mr. Roosevelt throughout the campaign and that Mr. Taft and Mr. Roosevelt defended their respective records, instead of crying. "What would you have done?" They forget these things or they refuse to confess them. They are trying to run away from the record of the Administration and induce the people to follow them down some bypath of rhetorical hypothesis, all in the effort to change the subject. "By their fruits ye shall know them." When Mr. Hughes was Governor of New York he did not pay political debts by filling the public offices with unfit men. He did not champion certain principles during his campaign and repudiate them after he entered office. As Governor, he did not resort to brave and beautiful words as a substitute for firm and consistent deeds. He was careful in his use of words, but he backed his words with deeds. He did not promise what he could not perform. He did not plaster the people with compliments they did not deserve. He was not a rhetorician, he was not a flatterer, he was not "too proud to fight" for labor or for capital, for the strong or the weak, when the right was on their side. Mr. Wilson's spokesmen seek to divert attention from the attacks Mr. Hughes is making upon the record of the Administration by asking him, "What would you do?" They are unconsciously helping Mr. Hughes. They are recalling to the memory of the people the record he made throughout his two terms as Governor of New York. It was then that he first said "public office shall not be a private snap under my administration," and made performance square with promise. There is this about Mr. Hughes that makes him so different from Mr. Wilson: "Hughes means what he says." So it is that the campaign is really a contest of character between two men, with sincerity as the differentiating and deciding factor. FIERY WORDS. "Direct violations of a nation's sovereignty cannot await vindication in suits for damage. The nation which violates those essential rights must be checked and called to account by direct challenge and resistance." — From Woodrow Wilson's Speech Accepting the Democratic Nomination For Presidency. - BUT— The American flag is still unsaluted at Vera Cruz. Villa is still uncaptured and unpunished. Carranza still slaps the United States. There still has been no accounting for American lives and property destroyed in Mexico. The whole question of reparation for invasion of American rights by various warring nations is still sleeping in a pigeonhole. All the "direct challenge and resistance" noticeable to the average American is included in a series of notes said to possess high literary quality, if nothing else in particular. Wabbling Woodrow. Opportunism has claims that every statesman must respect. But never has there been an opportunist in the White House of greater willingness to change than the present incumbent. The country feared it had placed power in the hands of a doctrinaire schoolmaster incapable of bending. It finds that it has a man of remarkable plasticity of judgment, who one moment stands for states' rights and the next for nationalism, who one day is a pacifist, and the next is out-shouting Col. Roosevelt for arms and ships, who one week is for a barren neutrality and the next for war in behalf of general righteousness, who one night is for collective wage bargaining and arbitration of industrial disputes and the next is waving the flag of decreeing wages up or down as the votes of the larger number can be controlled—New York Globe and Commercial Advertiser. Gen. Pershing's army continues in fine fettle, "fit for a fight or a frolic." To its credit let it be said it went as far as politics permitted. PERSONAL TAXES FAIL IN ILLINOIS Probably Not One-Twentieth of the Intangible Values Listed for Assessment--Less than $4,000,000 Mortgages in Entire State, LAW CANKOT BE ENFORCED Rees REET ME ears Cane To EAR cgae ee ee UN under the uniform property tax system in Illinois. Most of the intangibles escape taxation altozeiier. The re port of the State Board of Equalization for 1915 shows the foliowing totals for the State assessed by the local assess: ing bodies. The figures are for the “assessed” —one-third—value: Investments in (secured by) real esc: and improve- mens .2Feon (mort- EAECS) oan essseesecnnes-$ 1,209,800 Shares of capital stock of companies not of this State ........eeeeeeeeee 1,864,852 Credits other than banker... 41,575,686 Annuities and royalties... 72,745 Bonds and stocks ......... 10,576,904 Total .....e.ee.eeeeee+ + $54,799,487 Probably the full value of all tax- able values in Illinois of the kinds mentioned is at least twenty times as much as the amount that is listed for taxation. Consider these figures: Cook Coun- ty returns “credits other than banker,” $5,925,678—full value about $12,000,- 000. It is enough to say that probably there are single business concerns ip Chicago which have as much owing them as is returned for the entire county. In addition, it will be seen that while Cook County has only about twelve millions of taxable credits the remainder of the state has more than a hundred millions. And, there are other inconsistencies; for example: Winnebago County has (full value) nine million dollars of taxable credits (“other than banker”) against Cook County's twelve million. Kane has $4,500,000; Ogle, $3,000,000; McDonough, $3,300,000; Knox, $3,000,- 000; McLean, $3,200,000; Vermilion, $3,200,000; Morgan, $3,600,000; Sanga- mon, $4,300,000; Peoria has barely one- half of any of the counties mentioned, and the same is true of LaSalle, Will, and other counties. Thus, it appears that while the country counties as a group are assessed high on credits as compared with Cook, they are by no means evenly assessed as among them- selves. But credits is not the only class of intangibles that escapes, or is, unevenly assessed under the present system. Consider mortgages. For the entire state, $1,209,300—full value, $3,627, 900—of mortgages are listed for tax- ation. Cook County returns less than one-tenth of the total while it is well known that there are scores of fake gages any one of which approximates the full total returned by the county. Other counties show uneven assess ments of mortgages. Little Tazewell county has a larger mortgage assess: ment than Cook and many other coun- ties are similarly disproportionate. Will County lists nearly tive times more in mortgages than Sangamon. ‘Many colinties return no mortgages at all “Shares of capital stock of com- panies not of this State show great in- consistencies. Only $1,364.852 is listed in the entire state—full value, $4,094,- Sat, And of this Cook Coury. where vhe bulk of such taxable vaiues is held returns $622.949—full value— about one-fifth of the state total. As a matter of fact the bulk of this tort of property in Illinois is owned and held in Chicago: and probably thereare hundreds of times as much in the state as is listed for taxation. It is worth while to note that Kane County returns much more of this tax- able value than Cook. It is the samie in regard to bonds and stocks. The state total—full value— is a Mttle more than thirty million dollars. Cook has about $18,000,000, Vermilion, $1,000,000; Sangamon, $210, 000. Many counties return nono. ‘These manifest inequalities in the assessment of intangibles result from the variant conditions in diferent counties. In some counties the assess- ing officials direct especial effort to dis- covering and listing intangibles. In others no such effort is made, the re- sult is that some counties bear the burdens which ought to be uniformly distributed. The failure to assess is due mainly to the defects of the theory and system of taxing all intangibles at the same rate as other property. The ‘Tax Amendment to be voted on Novem- ber, 7 will make a revision possible. But, affirmative votes—a majority of all voters—must be recorded in its favor. If this amendment is not adopted, at least four years must elapse before the people can possibly have ‘nother opportunity and it may be ALL PARTIES FAVOR TAX AMENDMENT “Yote Yes” say All Nominees for Governor and Peoria and and Springfield State Platforms. Springfield, Ill.—With the endorse- ment of the pending tax amendment to the Constitution by the Demo- cratic State Convention held in this city all parties are now committed to urge a “yes” vote for this measure, Nov. 7. : The Republican State Convention at Peoria a week before, adopted a plank urging favorable action by the voters. John R. Golden of Bloom- ington, prohibition nominee for governor, and Seymour Stedman, Chi- cago, socialist nominee for governor, also have endorsed the pending amendment. Frank O, Lowden, the Republican candidate for gover- nor; Governor Dunne, the Demo- cratic candidate, and the State lead- ers of both Republican and Demo- cratic parties have been active in the amendment campaign. Frank L. Smith of Dwight and Morton D. Hull of Chicago, Republican candidates, and William B. Brinton, Democratic candidate, before the primary, advo- cated the amendment. The Republican platform says: “We favor the adoption of the con- stitutional amendment, submitted by the last general assembly, providing for the classification of personal prop- erty for the purpose of taxation.” The Democratic platform says: “We favor the constitutional amend- ment relating to the taxation of per- sonal property and urge its adoption by the voters * * * in order that our antiquated tax laws may be re- vised upon a more modern and equitable basis, and the burdens of taxation more justly distributed.” John R. Golden says: “I am very heartily in accord with the work for adoption of the Tax Amendment. I have advocated such reform for ten years in my public addresses. I worked to bring some relief when a member of the Illinois General As- sembly. You may count on me to help in every way that I can.” Seymour Stedman says: “I en- dorse the pending Amendment to the Tilinois Constitution, and will urge the voters this fall to vote for its adoption. The Amendment does not go as far in its grant of Legislative Power as I think it should, but it is in all probability as great a step forward as can be possibly secured in the near future, and the need for even a slight improvement {s very great.” ‘The Amendment, if adopted, will give the legislature authority to re- vise the personal property tax laws on a modern basis and to tax various classes of personal property accord- ing to character and ability to bear. Advocates of the amendment empha- size that all the party endorsements of the amendment will not avail un- less the voters do their share on Nov. 7, as the measure requires a majority of all those voting for mem- bers of the General Assembly in or- der to be adopted. LEADING TAX CFFiGERS FAVOR AMENDMENT Both County and State Assess- ing Officials Urge Tax Reform. “Candidates for member of the Board of Review and Board of Assessors are boosting for the Tax Amendment which will be voted upon in Novem- ber,” says the Chicago Daily News re- ferring especially to the candidates for the offices named in Chicago. ‘The Association of Supervisors, Coun- ty Commissioners and County and Pro- ‘bate Clerks of Illinois, composed chief: ly of taxing officials, at its recent con- vention in Quincy, adopted resolutions urging the voters to support the Amendment. State Auditor, James J. Brady, who is ex-officio chairman of the State Board of Equalization—techni- cally the supreme taxing body of the State, and State Treasurer Andrew Russell, who is the Republican nomi- nee for State Auditor, both urge the adoption of the Amendment. So do most, of the county treasurers, as- sessors and members of the boards of review throughout the State. No men in Illinois are so keenly aware of the defects of the present system of taxing intangibles as those who have served on the assessing bodies. They know that is is impos- sible to hunt out and assess all the hidden forms of wealth which the law requires them to discover. Recent attempts in Chicago in the direction of imposing penalties upon intangible property owners who do not make re- turns have been frustrated by the de cisions of the Illinois Supreme Court. As a matter of fact Illinois assessing bodies do not have official authority sufficient to enable them to uncover hidden taxable values. And, if they have ample powers to bring every- Dedy before them and compel true statements to be made, imposing pen- alties in cases of non-compliance, they would still be incapable of enforcing the law uniformly because they would lack the time and necessary clerical force. ; THE BROAD AX, CHICAGO, OCTOBER 7, 1916. NOW FOR NEW TOcS Eye z ryaues STORE © yo 4. — > Tia ast SAY Eby F p> AN i BR Fie Z Sf, CC Ys ee) Vie WE, red ig 7 = FY in 7 ae ; YY) q OEY Ue fy: i ve eh wee s 4 ae = oe Pe SH) ae Eile re few LS ££ Z & NM Fee” 8 _ 7 Chicago Hh froemin EVASION IS PROVOKED Excessive Intangible Tax Rate Induces Sequestration, rossipie Entorcement tends to Urive Money and Other Forms of Wealth Out of Illinois. ‘The excessive tax rate on intangible Property values explains—if it does not justity—evasion. The theory o! taxation has always been that the ta rate should be proportionate to the in come of the property. This is not sc with the uniform tax rate system o! Illinois. Property—and the courts, not the constitution, have defined “prop ‘erty”—includes many things that are not income producing. Money in hand Produces no income. An ordinary com- mercial bank deposit produces little or no income. Savings bank deposits earn three per cent. “Credit”—book ac- counts against customers produce no interest income based on time. Munict- pal and State bonds pay only four per cent. If these are made to pay taxes at the same rate as actual property half or more of the income will be taken. In some cases a part of the principal will be taken. In time a given sum of money in hand would aif ‘be taxed back into the public treasury. If the current tax rate is collected the thrifty wage worker is deprived of two-thirds of the small increment of his savings and would be prompted to with- draw his money and hoard it; or, worse still, abandon thrift and cease to save. A man buys a bond at the time the tax rate is one per cent or less; then, gradually, the tax rate increases until it approximates two per cent—half of his interest income. If a man owns and rents property, if he sells goods, manufactures, or renders professional service, he can increase his charges as his tax and other costs increase. The effect of these conditions is to invite and provoke evasion of intan- gible value assessments, The intangibla owner has an excuse—too good an ex- cuse—for evading the law. The as- sessor knows that it is in existence but he cannot locate it or determine the ownership. The result of the sys- tem is that little or no intangibles are, assessed. Mortgages, credits, bonds and stocks pay little or no revenue? They ought to pay as much in Illinois as in other states. They cannot be made to pay more—or, they will move. They are not immovable like farms. ‘The Tax Amendment will enable the legislature to correct these errors of our tax system. It must have a ma- jority of all the votes cast Novem- ber 7. P pelicans linet litte iL Schaneh as ea at : NOT SUCCESSFULLY APPLIED : By E. H. Wolcott, ; ; State Tax Commissioner, Indianapolis, Ind. 3 : The almost universal condemnation of the general > property tax is due to the fact that it can not be suc- : ; cessfully applied, being a uniform and equal tax upon ; : all property alike without regard to “ability to pay” or ; : “benefits derived.” : Princeton Republican: The consti- | tutional requirements in relation to | ‘ the assessment and taxation of prop- |! erty now are the same as they were |’ im 1840. In fact, they are the same |! as they were in 1818, when the total |! Tevenues of the state were only about | $60,000 o yean eae ‘ News Service ASSESSORS HELPLESS Not to Blame Because the Tax System Fails, Only “Mind-Readers” With Vast Power and Clerical Force Could Enforce Present Unworkable Law. Assessors in Illinois are not to blame for the tax dodging ana evasions o Personal tax laws. The Illinois system was planned merely to assess visible Property—things that could not es cape observation. At first its defect was not gravely serious, but as wealth has increased a larger and larger Proportion of the taxable values in the state have come to be intangible in character and invisible—escaping the eye of the assessor. The law makes it as much the assessor's duty to assess intangibles as it does to assess farm lands, but the law does not give to the assessor sufficient power to enable him to hunt out intangible property. “Supposing I had full power,” asks one assessor. “What could I do? 1 might call before me and question, un- der oath, every person who might possi- bly have intangibles, and try to compel them to tell of their holdings. The law might provide for their punishment if they failed to answer properly. Even then I should have to be a mind-reader and able to see through walls and into strong boxes. Would the public like that sort of thing?” ‘The assessing bodies have not suff- cient clerical machinery even if they had the legal power. In Chicago there are more than half a million of pos- sible taxpayers. To summon, question, and deal with this number would re- quire the handling of a thousand a week every day in the year. And, it would not be possible to extend the work over a year. It would have to be done in two or three months and this means that a thousand a day would have to be disposed of. Realizing that they cannot uniform- ly assess hidden intangibles assessors are reluctant to assess the few that are returned by honest persons—they don’t feel like penalizing honesty! And, in fact the assessor and every one else knows that to tax intangibles at pres- ent tax rates will result in driving them from the state to the public loss. Illinois needs a new tax system. The Tax Amendment will make it possible to enact proper laws—laws that will make the taxation of intangibles auto- matic—and the rate not such as to increase interest rates or drive in- tangibles out of the State. The amend- ment, to be adopted, must have a ma- jority of all the votes cast November 7. Belleville News-Democrat: Under the present method of taxing all per- sonalty at the same ratio of value, it is said, a large portion of personal property, and substantially all per- sonal property evidenced on paper, such as bonds, stocks, notes, etc., has escaped taxation. ae OU cs ~ [ilinols Press Comment. os ‘armel Republican: The tax amendment is worthy of adoption and is much needed. Aurora News: The proposed amendment will permit the general assembly to use its discretion in methods of taxing personal property. Pontiac Leader: Voters of Illinois will be asked at the November elee- tion to pass judgment on an impor- tant tax amendment to the state con- stitution. Champaign Gazette: It would be a sad waste of effort if this amendment should fail because of lack of infor- mation or because a few citizens merely forgot about it. Chicago Post: Leading candidates for governor, regardless of party or faction, say that the state constitu- tion should be amended by the adop- tion of the tax amendment. Kewanee Star Courier: Every Voter in Illinois who goes to the polls on November 7 will have a voice in deciding whether or not the tax amendment to the state constitution shall be adopted. Moline Despatch: There is no good reason why any person—even though he is not generally a student of such matters—should not fully understand the pending tax amend- ment to the Illinois constitution. Quincy Journal: Both farmers and Teal estate men favor the important tax amendment to the state constitu- tion which is to be voted on at the election, November 7, as pointed out in the resolution adopted by the Real Estate Association of Ilinois. | Ottawa Republican: The Farmers’ Institute, has sent out a circular en- dorsing the resolutions recently passed by the Real Estate association in favor of the proposed tax amend- ment to the state constitution. Rockford Daily Republic: The greatest economic problem before the state of Illinois today is unquestion- ably the revision and rearrangement of our tax laws. Our present system of levying taxes upon general prop- erty direct has fastened the burden of taxation upon real estate. Edwardsville Intelligencer: Fail- ure to mark the “little ballot” for the amendment will be counted as against it. Therefore, those who be- lieve the tax system should be changed, must remember to vote for the tax amendment and urge their neighbors to remember to vote for it. Chatsworth Plaindealer: Adoption of the pending tax amendment to the Milinois constitution at the November 7 election was endorsed by a vote of the thirtieth annual convention of the State Association of Supervisors, County Commissioners, County and Probate Clerks at its session in Quincy. Galva News: Those who have tax- able property or effects which can be hidden from the eye of the assessor continue to try to hide them, and the poor taxpayer who has so little that it is all, at all times spread out to the public view, will-continue to carry a share of the burden which rightfully belongs to his more fortunate brother. Lewistown News: Under the pres- ent law of Illinois A may sell a horse to B for $200 and take a note for that amount in payment. A can be assessed for the note and B for the horse, thus creating a double tax. B might sell the horse to C and C to D, each of them taking a note, and there would then be $800 worth of property for taxation and still but one horse. Six hundred dollars of this amount is fictitious and really amounts to a tax upon indebtedness. AMENDMENT RESULT OF YEARS OF WORK Product of Study of Impar- tial State-wide Tax Com- mission of 1911. ‘The Edwardsville Intelligencer states the situation accurately when it points out that “too much attention cannot be given to the Tax Amend- ment.” It took years of hard work to secure submission of the Amendment —prepared by the statewide Tax Commission of 1911—to the people. ‘The State Constitution provides that “the General Assembly shall have no power to propose amendments to the same articles oftener than once in four years.” Because of this if the Tax Amendment is not adopted, no sub- stantial reform can be accomplished for at least four years in the work of taxing intangible values. The re- sult will be that tangible property even more than now will have to bear the burden of the support of government In addition to this loss of revenue, the wholesale violation of the tax laws will continue. And, no more harmful spectacle can be presented to those who already have too Iittle regard for the mandates of the law than the sight of the rich escaping, by means of evasion from the tax burden which the law expreasly places upon the certain forms of property which they hold. The Tax Amendment will make it posal- ble for the legislature to enact just laws that will do away with tax eva- sion on intangibles. A majority of those voting at the election must vote for the Amendment in order to insure tte adoption. = * ILLINOIS BEHIND OTHER STATES Just Systems for Taxation of Intangibles Elsewhere Relieve Much of the Tax Burdens Now Borne in Illinois, OUR CONSTITUTION OBSTRUGTS Pending Tax Amendment When Adopted Will Make It Possible to Put Illinois Abreast of Other States in Modern Tax Methods—Must Have a Majority Vote. | While Tiinois has remained tied to an impossible system of taxation, other states have devised new sys. tems especially for deriving revenues from accumulated wealth, and not only have other states outstripped Ulinois in improved taxation meth- ods, but it is also a fact that nowhere in Europe is the old-time uniform tax system attempted to be applied to taxation of intangible vaiues. In New York state the closest at- tention has been given to the revenue Producing and equitable phases of taxation: Since 1880 the policy towards the taxation of personal property has been to classify such property and to impose a special tax upon each Separate class. In 1913, as a result of the classified system, the propor- tion of tax burden paid by real estate showed a reduction from 87 per cent to 65 per cent. In Illinois the tax Proportion of real estate is slowly but surely increasing. In New York in the last year—1906—when effort was made to assess mortgages on the same basis as real estate—the pres- ent Illinois system—less than a mil- lion dollars of revenue was derived from the tax. At the present time, under the new system, about four million dollars are collected. Classification in Pennsylvania. ‘The Constitution of Pennsylvania provides that “All taxes shall be uni- form, upon the same class of subjects, within the territorial limits of the authority levying the tax.” This provision has been in the Pennsyl- vania constitution since 1874. It is much iore comprehensive than the amendment to be voted on in Illinois, which permits classification only of Personal property. For more than 30 years Pennsylvania has taxed intan- Bible values at the rate of 40 cents on each $100 of full value, and about half of the tax collected is derived from mortgages. The amount of in- tangible values now assessed in Penn- sylvania is somewhat over a billion dollars and invariably each year shows an increase. Massachusetts for Modern System. The state of Massachusetts is now bringing about a more modern taxa- tion system. Minnesota has amended the state constitution so as to give the legislature full power over classi- fication and taxation of all kinds of property. In the year 1911 the legis- dum to the people. In 1911 the legis- lature prescribed a 30-cent tax on each $100 of intangibles. At that time the total intangible property assessment in the state was less than $14,000,000. In 1914 the assess- ment had increased to nearly $200,- 000,000, and the number of persons assessed was 1,000 per cent greater than under the old system—showing that the tax is now much more evenly borne. The total tax now collected from intangibles in Minnesota is about twice as much as under the old. Michigan and Rhode Island. In Michigan, where Governor Pin- gree started the tax reform agitation about 20 years ago, the Constitution was amended in 1906 so as to per- mit the classification of all kinds of property for taxation. Ithode Island formerly had the Ilinois system, but abandoned it as impracticable and adopted a system like that of other advanced states. The Wisconsin Con- stitution gives the legislature broad powers. Maryland and Other States, Maryland began a classification of personal property in 1896. At that Mme interest-paying bonds, etc., in the city of Baltimore, at a $2.17 rate, yielded only $130,000 in revenue. In 1897, with a 47-cent rate, the reve- ues more than doubled, and in 1915 y 45-cent rate produced nearly # mil- fon dollars. November 2, 1915, Maryland voters adopted an amend- nent giving the legislature still fur- her powers of classification. Other states have classification sys- ems with low rates for intangible ralues. At the same time, in almost very state in the Union the move- nent is for similar reduction of the ax on intangibles. ‘The pending tax amendment will aake it possible for the legislatures f Illinois to provide a modern sys- em. This will prevent Illinois from ing outdistanced by other states in oper methods for dealing with in- angibles. But, it must not be lost TEENAN JONES’ PLACE 3445 SOUTH STATE STREET Telephone Douglas 4591 The finest and most UP-TO-DATE BUFFET and CAFE on the South Side. First-Class Entertainers. HENRY “TEENAN” JONES, Proprietor. — A. F.coDOz0E. pouatas 6971 SIH. WHISTON, Proprietors Phones DOUGLAS 3256 CHAS. HARRIS, Manager AUTO. 72-379 (GOocSEDO CSIC SESTOOSIETO OCREEDOG * 8 | The Elite Cafe g AND BUFFET Roccemmocce=mnocsEmocc=EoE=G 3030 STATE STREET CHICAGO PAGE EIGHT TEENAN JO! 3445 SOUTH S Telephone D The finest and n BUFFET and CA Side. First-Class | HENRY “TEENAN” Phone Randolph 4758 Residence, 2802 S. Tripp Ave. Phone Lawndale 755 C. J. Waring Attorney and Counselor at Law Suite 18, 143 North Dearborn Street CHICAGO Franklin A. Denison ATTORNEY AT LAW 36 West Randolph St., Chicago Suite 708 Delaware Building Tel. Central 3142 ei ee JOHN J. DUNN Fifty-Firet and Armour Avenve ntact Published Weekig In this city sinee July 15th, 1899, without missing one single issus, Be- publieans, Democrats, Catholies, Pro- testants, single Taxers, Priests, infi- dels or anyone else ean have their sy as long as their language is proper and responsibility is fixed The Broad Ax is a newspaper whose platform is broad enough for all, ever eisiming the editorial night to speak its own mind. Local communications will roecive attention. Write enly en one side of the paper. Subscriptions must be paid im ad- vance. a Bix Months..........0000--ee0++ 1.00 Advertising rates made keowa on a7- plication. Address all communientions THE BROAD Ax 6418 Champlain Ave, Chicago, IIL PHONE WENTWORTH 3507. JULIUS F. TAYLOR, Editor and Pub- Usher. Entered as Seeond-Class Matter Aug. 19, 1902, at the Post Office at Chicago, Tlinois, under Act of March 3, 1879. ee ee ————— FOC i The Eli 3s AND B Bo OCS 0CSESIOO= 3030 STATE STREET ES —— From New York harbor and imme- diate approaches alone 268 beacon lights to navigation are required. in eluding forty-six shore lights, two light vessels and thirty-eight lighted buoys: there are 192 buoys of all classes and thirty-seven for signals, including sounding buoys. ‘The Unsafe Safe ‘Willis (ready for school)—Mamma. they are hoisting 2 safe down the street. Mother—Well, be careful not to walk on the safe side.— Boston ‘Transcript. ‘Then and Now. “Yes, we pay spot cash for every- thing.” “ah! I often speak to my husband about the time when we had to”— THE BROAD AX, CHICAGO, OCTOBER 7, 1916. EDWARD FELIX CIGARS TOBACCO CANDIES NOTIONS LIGHT GROCERIES 3002 Dearborn Street Sa fice Hoare Ofkce Phones as Dowie a joesree baa saesmariae Physician and Surgeon 3101 South State Street masa REMI Avett ne Chicage PHONES: OFFICE: MAI 4183 MUIOMATIC! 38-780 RESIDENCE, DREXEL 7000 Walter M. Farmer ATTORNEY AT LAW SUITE 708, 184 WASHINGTON ST. NOTARYPUBLIC CHICAGO Ctfice Phones: Res. S190 Se. Wabash Ave. Sattar ania mets Dr. Theo. R. Mozee DENTIST 4709 S, STATE STREET CHICAGO Hears 9 A.M. te 5S P.M, 7 P.M. te 9 P.M. Pelee oe 7 ” The Most Important “Labor Saver Now Made for City Homes is . The Little Gas Water Heater One “Jabor-savers” are mostly built to lighten the work connected with a single task. —But the Little Gas Water Heater plays a prominent labor-saving part in connection with most every task in the housewife’s program. To go without steaming hot water which a gas heater alone can render is a woeful mistake. Astandard size for average requirements will heat twenty gallons in thirty minutes at a cost of two cents for gas — and A First Payment of A Dollar and a Quarter Will Bring One of These Little Gas Water Heaters To Your Home Today We sold 4,000 of this type last year—have sold 5,300 in 1916, and have just received two more carloads from the manufacturer. Many of our customers are also installing this style heater as an auxiliary to the coal-fired water heater, to supply steaming hot water when the regular supply is not hot enough.. See one of these efficient Gas Water Heaters demon- strated at our Water Heater Department in the Peoples Gas Building, or at any of our Branch Stores. If you cannot call, write a postal or telephone Wabash 6000 and we will send you complete information. The Peoples Gas Light & Coke Co. Peoples Gas Building Telephone Wabash 6000 Phone Mais 2017 Automatic 32.395 A. L. WILLIAMS ATTORNEY AND COUNSELOR AT LAW Suite 706 Firmenich Bldg. 184 W. Washington St. q Residence 5548 Jefferson Av. = Phone Midway 5515 Chicago A. D. GASH ATTORNEY AT LAW 118 North La Salle St., Chicago Suite 615 te 616 PHONE MAIN 22146 Residence 1262 Macalister Place ‘Telephone Monroe 2714 MILES J. DEVINE ATTORNEY AT LAW Suite 313.329 Reaper Block Clark & Washington Sts. Phones Koera1-518 cuicaco Patience — What did you think of Bob's mustache? Patrice—Oh, it tie kled me immensely—Yonkers States: man. Nelther bew down the whole forest nor come home without wood.—Servian Proverb, and SHIP CANAL Length - - - - - 32 Miles Depth - - - - - - 22 Feet Width - - - 162 to 290 Feet THE CANAL OFFERS: Industrial Locations, Dock Facil- ities, Water Transportation, Rail- road Connections, Electric Power, Concrete Building Material. Direct Connection with St. Louis via the Illinois River and Direct Connection with the Gulf via the Illinois and Mississippi Rivers. Electric Energy Created from Water Power for the Modern Factory Means Efficiency and Economy. THOMAS A. SMYTH, - President JOHN McGILLEN, - - Chief Clerk F. D. CONNERY, - - Comptroller e -je Karpen Building 900 So. Michigan Ave., | CHICAGO All Eye Trouble SEE Dp. Louie USSELMANI The Practical O tician TMA MOST COMPLETE OPTICAL ROOMS IN THE CITY Consultation or examination } 3150 S. STATE ST. ee ees| hm, bean Se guarantee to give satisfaction. CHICAGO The- Cranford Apartmeit Building, 3600. Wabash Ave. Le bo eas os Ti a ‘Co i (Pn fm 1: ‘4 : a: + Se eee ee Steam heat, electric light, tile marble entrance. . W. t, eeeecen. EW pen peat, As Near As Your Telephone & DISTANCE IMMATERIAL : JN Mesopoian Cy ofthis, death Knocks every pers thirty minutes at some door. Too often that a not only brings sorrow, but misfortune as well. | Let the 4 pace you pay for a funeral be business proposition and i you will benefit by it in_service, quality and cost to you ‘ pydollars and cents, The result of my campaign has built for me one of the largest and most magnificent establishments in the world. PA A visit will convince you. yi Consult me, Ian save you Worry, Time and Money. 4 } Shipping to all parts of the Country and Automobile = Funerals a Specialty. Central Display Rooms and \ Chapel. Call promptly answered day or night. ey Ernest H. Williamson, B asia KENWOOD AUTOMATIC ey 338° Undertaker “73-867 Fe 5028 and 5030S. StateSt, - - - - Chicago, Ill. Phones {ftom The Brunswick Hotel & Buffet 3004 S. STATE STREET GEO, W. HOLT, Prop. €F2 JESSE BINGA acped ata eS ae SE. Gor, State and 36th Place, Chicags Re ee Telephone Douglas 1565 GENERAL BANKING 3 per cent allowed on Savings Accounts Safety Deposit Vaults, $3.00 per Year REAL ESTATE DEPARTMENT As agent buy and sell Real Estate on commission, manages estates for non-resi- dents, including payment of taxes and locking after assessments. Money to loam an Chicago Real Estate. Especially Invites the patronage of Chicago business men, 4OMM BLOCK!, Presicent xo F. W. BLOCK, Treasurer JOHN BLOCK! & SON PERFUMERS = 60 0 = C. E. KREYSSLER, Druggist 5057 South State Street NOT ON THE CORNER FOR HIGH GRADE DRUGS, CHEMICALS AND MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS All Prescriptions Carefully Compounded ALSO CARRY A FULL LINE OF BLOCKI’S IDEAL & BLOCKI’S FLOWER IN BOTTLE PERFUMES Phones {Aare nan? The Mission Buffet and Billiards 3504 S. STATE STREET CHICAGO, ILL.