The Broad Ax

THE BROAD AX HEW TO THE LINE; LET THE CHIPS FALL WHERE THEY MAY Former Alderman Oscar DePriest After Being Defeated at the Primaries by Major Robert R. Jackson with Five Hundred Majority at His Back, Has Decided to Run as an Independent Candidate for Alderman of the Second Ward and a Red Hot and Desperate Hand to Hand Fight Will Be Indulged in by Messrs. DePriest and Jackson. IT IS CONTENDED BY MANY OF THE WISE POLITICIANS THAT WM. J. GRAHAM, THE HEAD DEMOCRATIC BOSS OF THE SECOND WARD, AND THE OTHER HEAD CHIEFS OF HON. ROGER C. SULLIVAN, WILL ALL FALL IN LINE FOR MR. DE PRIEST AND FURNISH SOME OF THE SINEWS OF WAR TO ASSIST HIM TO UNHORSE MAJOR JACKSON AT THE POLLS, TUESDAY, APRIL 2. ON THE OTHER HAND, STATE SENATOR SAMUEL A. ETTELSON HAS WHEELED INTO LINE FOR MAJOR JACKSON AND HE IS URGING ALL OF THE REPUBLICANS, BOTH GREAT AND SMALL, WHITE AND COLORED, TO STAND SOLIDLY BEHIND HIM AND ASSIST TO LAND HIM IN THE CITY COUNCIL, APRIL 2. MAJOR JACKSON FEELS CONFIDENT THAT HE AND HIS FOLLOWERS AND LOYAL SUPPORTERS WILL AT THE FINAL SHOWDOWN COME IN UNDER THE WIRE FAR AHEAD OF HIS RIVAL AND THOSE WHO HAVE ENDEAVORED TO BLACKEN HIS CHARACTER AND TO BE-LITTLE HIS GOOD STANDING IN THIS COMMUNITY. It was supposed that when the primary contest ended on Tuesday evening between Major Robert R. Jackson and former Alderman Oscar De Priest, which was the bitterest that was ever held in the Second Ward, was all over but the showing on the part of Major Jackson, But seemingly such is not the case, for on last Sunday afternoon more than one thousand supporters of Mr. De Priest crowded into Odd Fellows Hall, 3335 South State street, and after fiery speeches by more than twenty men and women who marched on down to defeat with him, it was finally decided by those who ran or controlled the meeting that Mr. De Priest must continue to fight on—that he must make the race as an independent candidate for alderman of the Second Ward. Therefore it goes without saying that Messrs. De Priest and Jackson will be engaged in one of the most desperate hand-to-hand fights that has ever been pulled off in the Second Ward, and right now some of their short-sighted and hot-headed followers are good and ready to grab each other in the throat, and some of them are so wrought or worked up over the aldermanic contest in that ward that it is almost worth anyone's life to attempt to talk or to reason with them in relation to the merits of the two candidates. which enables him to feed at the public crib all the time, and many of the other high priests of the party of the Hon. Roger C. Sullivan, will fall solidly in line for Mr. De Priest, and that they will aid in furnishing some of the dough or the long green to enable him to put or knock Major Robert R. Jackson out of the running Tuesday, April 2. It is estimated that the vast majority of the White and Colored Republicans residing in the Second Ward who want to be known as the true followers of Abraham Lincoln will loyally march under the banner of Major Robert R. Jackson and the Hon. Samuel A. Ettelson who stands ace high with the Colored people residing in the Third Senatorial District has wheeled into line for Major Jackson and he is strongly urging all of his White and Colored friends to do likewise, and stand unitedly behind him until the polls close Tuesday evening, April 2, and make sure that he is landed in the city council. The smiling major, who has worked his way on up in this city unnaided from a poor newsboy to assistant superintendent of the Armour station for more than seventeen years, to his present position as president of the Fraternal Printing Company, 107 East 35th street, which is one of the best and the largest establishments of its kind conducted by Colored men in this country, and major-general of the uniform rank of Knights of Pythias throughout the world, who has honorably secured three terms in the Legislative halls of this state and accomplished as much and possibly a great deal more for the benefit of all the people of this state than any White or Colored member that has so far been elected to the Legislature of Illinois. And after all that has been said and done Major Jackson feels that by hard work on the part of his followers and loyal supporters that he will easily run in under the wire ahead of all of his rivals on Tuesday, April 2, and put to flight all those who have worked over time in an effort to circulate the wild cat or fake story that he is unable to think for himself which is a rank falsehood, for he was thinking and very successfully conducting business for himself while some of those who have been condemning him were at that time cuffing boots on the Pullman ears, grinning, showing their teeth, while being bossed around by cheap white men. THE NATIONAL NEGRO HEALTH WEEK, TO BE OBSERVED APRIL 21 TO 27. Tuskegee Institute, Ala., March 8. Dr. Robert R. Moton, principal of the Tuskegee Institute and chairman of the Executive Committee of the National Negro Business League, announced today that NATIONAL NEGRO HEALTH WEEK would be observed April 21st to 27th. He has received telegrams from Mr. Emmett J. Scott, secretary of the National Negro Business League, and from Mr. J. C. Napier, president, in which they give their unqualified assurance that they will help in every way possible to make the campaign a success. Dr. Moton has also received a communication from Mr. Allen W. Clark, chairman of the National Clean-Up and Paint-Up Bureau, St. Louis, Mo., in which he states that the three silver cups which were given last year for the most efficient clean-up work will be offered again this year. It may be recalled that last year the three silver cups were awarded to Atlanta, Ga.; Salisbury, N. C., and New Madrid, Mo., and were presented to representatives from these states at Chattanooga, Tenn., during the annual meeting of the league. It is hoped that members of the race will again welcome the opportunity to unite their efforts in one great and national health movement, and thus gain the benefit of the momentum and enthusiasm that will come from another effort of this character. As the late Dr. Booker T. Washington said in the 1915 call, "Without health, and until we reduce the high death rate, it will be impossible for us to have permanent success in business, in property getting, in acquiring education, or to show other evidences of progress. Without health and long life all else fails. We must reduce our high death rate, dethrone disease and enthrone health and long life. We may differ on other subjects, but there is no room for difference here. Let us make a strong, long, united pull together." It is urged that communities planning to hold Health Week campaign will notify the secretary of the league and also write to Mr. Allen W. Clark, chairman of the National Clean-Up and Paint-Up Campaign Bureau, Security Building, St. Louis, Mo. He will be glad to send such printed matter as is issued by his bureau. A little later a pamphlet, entitled "The Conservation of Negro Health," will be issued from the Tuskegee Institute. JOHN A. Corporation Counsel of Chicago, State Senator from the Third Senatorial District from Illinois, who has come out in favor of the election of Major Robert R. Jackson for Alderman of the Second Ward. Evanston Negroes will inspect the property of Swan Johnson at 1326 Chicago avenue, Evanston, which is in the center of a residential district and next to the clubhouse of the Evanston Elks, to see if it is suitable for a clubhouse for them. The inspection will be made next Sunday by a party of eighteen or twenty members of the Evanston Colored Men's Club, who will meet at the Emerson Street Colored Y. M. C. A. and march in a body to the Johnson property headed by C. H. Platt, a Negro lawyer, who is a candidate for justice of the peace. The Evanston Elks are said to have offered Johnson $1,500 to refrain from selling to the Negroes, but he says he wants to realize on his property and go back to Sweden. MUSKEGER AND B. X. WARHINGTON MEMORIAL REMEMBERED. New York, Special—General Horace W. Carpenter, lawyer, who died recently leaving an estate estimated at $3,500,000, left a legacy of $30,000 to Tuskace Institute for the Booker Washing- HON SAMUEL A. ETTELSON Id of Chicago, State Senator from the Thi- who has come out in favor of the election german of the Second Ward. ton Memorial. Columbia University and Barnard College receive bequests of more than one million dollars each. COL. STEWARD WINS PROMOTION TO BRIGADIER Col. Le Roy T. Steward, acting commander of the First Brigade, Illinois Reserve Militia, has been promoted to brigadier general, to rank from March 5. He will retain his present command. Gen. Steward has been at the head of the First Brigade since Brig. Gen. Edward C. Young moved to New York State last fall. He was one of the most active workers in organizing the brigade under the direction of the Cook County military committee of the State Council for Defense. Gen. Steward has had twenty years' experience in the national guard and the Illinois naval militia, and has held commissions in both branches of the service. He served in both the First and Second Infantry regiments of the Illinois national guard, and was inspector general of the First Brigade with the rank of lieutenant colonel. The general is superintendent of city delivery at the Chicago postoffice. He served as chief of police for two years under Mayor Fred A. Busee. ```markdown ``` EQUIPPED EAGE HOSPITAL IN DETROIT. Detroit, Mich., Special.—Under the management of Dr. D. C. Northcross, formerly of Chicago, the Mercy Hospital and Nurses' Training School, incorporated, a new hospital for colored people, fully equipped with wards and private rooms and laboratory with a competent staff of physicians and nurses, opened its doors last week. The race has solely felt the need of such an institution here, particularly since the large influx of our people from the South. The handling of maternity cases will be a specialty in this institution. AND THIS IN ALABAMA? Montgomery, Ala., Special.—Forty-eight White and Colored men were examined here on Tuesday and forty-two were accepted by the county draft board. Only fourteen of the forty-two accepted were White, the remaining twenty-eight acceptances being Colored men. Although the county's present quota of the first draft is only 98 men, 130 have been physically qualified for general military service. It can, therefore, be readily seen from the ratio of those accepted that the larger majority are Colored men. 1911 1930 MAJOR ROBERT R. JACKSON Successful business man and Republican of UNIVERSITY SOCIETY COLUMN. (Article No. 3.) Successful business man and Republican candidate for Alderman of the Second Ward. The Part Played by the Negro Soldiers in the Wars of the World. WARS IN CENTRAL AFRICA Driven from Spain the Moors sought to penetrate Nigretia in central Africa when there rose up a Soudanese Negro, by the name of Soni Heli Ischia, who beat them back and established a Negro empire across Africa 3,000 miles in length, extending on one side from Timbuetoo to Abyssinia and on the other to the sea. For 800 years the Negro Sudanese kingdoms of Ghana, Mellee, Songhai, Housa, Bornu, Lundi and Katsena, with cities like Engornu of Bornu, and Timbuetoo with from 30,000 to 50,000 inhabitants, through great international wars flourished in turn and fell through the military leadership of Negro generals and the courage and bravery of Negro soldiers. Some of these kingdoms and empires had 200,000 Negro soldiers with 40,000 picked archers. At one time to Ghana twenty Negro kingdoms were tributaries with the white berber state of Andaghost. These Negro kings and emperors lived in fortified castles with glass windows and decorated with rare products of sculpture and paintings. With two capitals these Negro monarchs were at the heads of great civilization with imposing pageantries of the most stately magnificence when France, Germany and England were just emerging from barbarism. Thus refuting in a measure, the historical accuracy of the eminent Negro historian, G. W. Williams, when he wrote that for more than 1,600 years the Negro's hands were empty of his weapons, that the Negro's civilization in the East at the Christian era had "reached the danger line; then the effulgent morning of its primal glory was succeeded by the gloaming of its barbarous and costly wars, and yet later by the starless night of its irreparable decay." Wars in the Partition of Africa. Following the travels of Barth, Kingsley, Dubois and others, with the remarkable discoveries of African wonder and wealth by Stanley and Livingstone, during the last quarter of the 19th century, Europe was seized with a feverish desire to own and control the Negro's continent. Here we find the wars in the partition of Africa. England, France, Germany, Spain, Belgium, and Italy organized military forces and sent expeditions to extend the political jurisdiction of their mother country. For a quarter of a century the world witnessed the civilized nations of Europe at war with the Negro tribes to secure their lands, their forests, their mines of gold and diamonds, and to make African tribes the subjects of European power. The Negro tribes in West, South and Eastern Africa displayed the greatest courage and valor in defense of their country and their governments, but they --- PAGE TWO were overcome by the superiority of the European weapons of war, and with the exception of Abyssinia they were finally compelled to acknowledge the sovereignity of some European power. Of the west African tribes the Ashanti kingdom was among the last to surrender and only did so after the bravest and most stubborn resistance in which their generals and kings chose exile or death rather than to yield their country to a foreign foe, and what is true of the Ashanti warriors is true of the Kaffirs, Bantus and other powerful Negro tribes, and more especially is this true of the famous Zulu warriors, whose bravery and courage have never wavered or faltered. The Zulu people and warriors were so loyal and patriotic to each other that their leaders in the final struggle, Dinuzulu, son of Cetshwayo, Undubuko, and Tahaingana went into exile like Napoleon upon the cold and barren rocks of St. Helena as a tribute of marked patriotism and loyalty to their country which they had left behind them. In 1895 Italy sought to reduce Abyssinia to the same fate, which had befallen so many of the African kingdoms but the Negro nation of Ethiopian fame, which had conquered Egypt defied the Italian invading armies and defeated them in open and pitched battle under the leadership of the great Menelik, the king of kings of Ethiopia. The Italian army was outmatched by the Negro troops of Abyssinia. At the flash of dawn 145,000 Abyssinian warriors rushed down the hills and through the valleys and under the subordinate kings of Ethiopia the Italian army was defeated in repeated battle. Ras Alula, the greatest African general since the death of Emperor Theodore of Ethiopia, in 1868, was a conspicuous figure in this Italo-Abyssinian War, and his military engagements were attended with almost uninterrupted success. He had won great victories over the great invading armies of the Egyptians, whose weapons were modern and whose officers were European. At Kuffit he routed the Maliists under Osman Dignam and at Dogali he defeated the Italians. Ras Mangasha, the son of Emperor John of Ethiopia showed such military superiority that the Italians rank him as a great and intrepid soldier. Just as Germany defeated the French at Sedan, as the allied powers conquered Napoleon at Waterloo, the Abyssinians defeated Italy at Adowa and kept the Abyssinian people in the family of nations. Judge Sheridan E. Fry, 6411 Langley avenue, who is strongly in favor of Hon. Chas. S. Deneen for United States Senator from Illinois, has long since proven himself to be one of the best and most painstaking judges on the municipal court bench. He never attempts to do all the talking while sitting in judgment on a case but he permits the lawyers on both sides of it to do their share of the talking. Judge Fry is well qualified in every way to become Chief Justice of the Municipal Court or to be selected as one of the high judges of the Circuit Court of Cook County. THE BROAD AX, CHICAGO, MARCH 9, 1918 By Albon L. Holsey. "It is the colored press today in whose hand reposes the scopte of larger influence and greater power for racial betterment. The more liberal the race is in its patronage of the colored press, the more power will it wield for good," says Editor Forte of the Cleveland (Ohio) Advocate, which reminds us of the magnificent tribute paid to the Negro press by the late Dr. Booker T. Washington. In his last annual address before the National Negro Business League at Boston, Mass., in August, 1915, Dr. Washington said: "This organization * * * could not have been kept alive from year to year without the hearty co-operation of another hard-working and deserving element of our race that most of our people know too little about. I refer to the deep debt of gratitude we owe to the NEGRO PRESS of this country. There is no set of people who are contributing more generously, even out of their poverty, toward the uplift of our race than is true of the owners and editors of the Negro newspapers of this country, and I say this notwithstanding the fact that now and again there are those who do not altogether agree with me." Therefore, the writer of this series will be pardoned for repeating now a statement which he made some time ago regarding the Negro press, and which is most appropriate in this connection. The statement was in part as follows: "No less than a dozen of these papers take their turn each week and speak editorially to the race, urging them to patronize the members of the race who are in business. That appears to be one topic on which all of the publishers agree, and in agitating for more liberal and sustained patronage for Negro business enterprises they are prompted by no loftier motive than their pride of race and their absorbing desire for the race's pelimb into the more important avenues of commerce and industry. For this they are to be commended and should be encouraged. "By continually urging the race to support its business men, these papers are extending the trade of the Negro business men. But what are the Negro merchants as a group giving back to the Negro papers in return, and what are they doing to co-operate with all this agitation? It must be granted that quite a few individual merchants give their printing of stationery to colored printers and not a few insert small advertisements in Negro newspapers which in many instances is 'traded out,' but there is entire absence of group appreciation on the part of Negro merchants for the great work now being done for them by the Negro editors." (To be continued next week.) M. M. HON. FRANK I. BENNETT The extremely popular and efficient Commissioner of Public is being prominently mentioned for Mayor of the The extremely popular and efficient Commissioner of Public Works of Chicago, who is being prominently mentioned for Mayor of this city in 1919. Children should be taught and encouraged to take an active part in community health work. Chicago might easily raise an army of 100,000 school children, trained and so organized as to do splendid and effective work in a city wide campaign against flies, filth, and disease. The boys and girls of this big city have already helped in our clean-up campaigns of the past; but never have they been organized and captained in a way to arouse their interest and enthusiasm, or to direct their efforts in a way to produce the best possible results. Such an organization, could it be formed, would richly pay for the time, trouble and expense involved in bringing it into existence. An army of this kind, too, would reflect lasting credit and honor upon those who had been instrumental in mobilizing and putting it into the field trained, inspired and equipped for community health service. There can be no question either, but that work of this kind would be of decided and lasting benefit to the children themselves; in fact, greater than that received by the communities in which they worked. The training and experience thus acquired would make them better and more useful citizens; better and, therefore, more desirable members of any community favored with their citizenship. The winter days will soon be gone. Indeed the time is already here to plan for the city's spring cleaning. Already our thoughts are turning to the near at hand spring and summer activities. We know that the dirt and rubbish which has been piling up everywhere during the long, hard winter must be gathered up and taken away. We want a clean city, a flyless city and a bright, beautiful and healthy city. And to have these things that mean so much for our comfort, health and safety, we all must work. Not sporadic, haphazard, slapbang, unorganized work, but earnest, intelligent, enthusiastic and well directed effort all along the line. And these efforts should be made to apply to our clean-up campaigns, our fight against flies and mosquitoes, our city wide garden movement and everything we may do to make this big city of ours a better, brighter, safer and more desirable city to live in than it has ever been in all the years of its wonderful growth and progress to the present proud position it holds among the great cities of the world. Children grow rapidly. This is why they have such vigorous appetites and, as a rule, such splendid digestion. But it is of prime importance that they be well and properly nourished. All the new muscles, bones and all other parts of the body are made from the food that they eat. So the child should eat clean, wholesome, simply cooked foods; plenty of good, fresh milk, cereals, veg- ```markdown ``` missioner of Public Works of Chicago, who for Mayor of this city in 1919. 107 HON. HENRY STUCKART etables and fruits, along with a moderate allowance of meat and eggs. Right food means strong, healthy bodies, alert, active brains, rosy cheeks and bright eyes. Here is a day's menu for a youngster, suggested by the U. S. Food Administration: Breakfast—Apple sauce, oatmeal with milk, milk to drink. Dinner—Stew, carrots, potatoes, with a little meat, whole wheat bread, creamy rice pudding, milk to drink. Supper—Cream of bean soup, crackers and jam, milk. Gertrude Van Hoesen, chairman; Miss Florence E. McConnell, Miss Mamia Bunch and Miss Maud C. Hessler. LINE FOURTEEN. "Line Fourteen," a unique organization in Pike County, has turned from its peace-time activities to war work. The club is composed of all the subscribers on one telephone line and was formed four years ago for the benefit of its members. For more than a year "Line Fourteen" has given its earnest attent It is also recommended that when children get hungry between meals, as they always do, they be given bread and butter, or crackers and fruit; these will not spoil the appetite, while candy and sweets will. Keep a sharp lookout for that early spring fly. And when you see the pasky thing swat it good and hard. Mrs. Joseph T. Bowen, chirman of the woman's committee, Illinois State Council of Defense, has asked for the appointment of a child welfare committee in every county in the state. This committee is to consist of a doctor, a dentist, superintendent of public schools, local public health nurse and the heads of all county organizations working for child welfare. Mrs. Ira Couch Wood, director of the Elizabeth McCormick Memorial Fund, who has this work in charge, is sending out a questionnaire covering all departments of child welfare work, in order to collect the necessary data. Until she gets her permanent Pullman car exhibit ready, Mrs. Wood plans to fit up an automobile to demonstrate methods of caring for children and send the car through the state. GIRLS WORKING RESERVE The committee on the Girls Working Reserve of the woman's committee, C. N. D., is organizing the home work for women in each county in the state. The Federal government offers $1,500 per year to each county that will also raise $1,500 for the purpose of employing a trained woman to act as home advisor. Pending the appointment of such an advisor, each county is asked to appoint a committee to have charge of this work. The membership of this committee will be composed of the official chairman of the county appointed by the woman's committee, the chairman of production and conservation and the chairman of household science; also the county superintendent of schools. This committee would act as a bureau of information on all subjects relating to household economics. The state committee hopes to obtain school credit for girls who have regular work in their homes. For instance, if a girl makes the beds every day, or if she makes the family hats, she will get school credit for that work. The members of the state committee are Miss CHILD WELFARE counts his warm friends by the thousands, Mayor of Chicago in 1919. Gertrude Van Hoesen, chairman; Miss Florence E. McConnell, Miss Mamie Bunch and Miss Maud C. Hessler. "Line Fourteen," a unique organization in Pike County, has turned from its peace-time activities to war work. The club is composed of all the subscribers on one telephone line and was formed four years ago for the benefit of its members. For more than a year "Line Fourteen" has given its earnest attention to every demand of the government and to the needs of each young man as he was called into the draft or volunteered. At the suggestion of Mrs. E. J. Rainwater, wife of the president of the line, the women have sold their gees and duck feathers and invested the profits in yarn to knit up for their soldiers GIRLS DELIVER MILK The three daughters of F. M. Scott f Belleville are delivering milk for their father. Mr. Scott's delivery man was taken from him by the draft, and his three patriotic daughters volunteered to do the work. The milk is delivered as regularly as before. FOOD REFORM AT MARENGO The women of Marengo have instituted patriotic reforms in the matter of refreshments at church socials and Red Cross meetings. Not only are the menus made less elaborate, but substitutes for wheat and sugar are used wherever possible. WEST SIDE MEN ASK MAYOR TO QUIT TOGA RACE. At a meeting last night of Thirty-fourth ward Republicans, a demand was formulated that Mayor Thompson should withdraw as a candidate for the Republican nomination for United States senator. The meeting was held at Douglas Park auditorium. Joseph W. Schulman was chairman and the resolution was reported by a committee composed of Mr. Schulman, James Martinek, James Winner, Joseph Donits, and Paul W. Rothenberg. Twenty-nine of the regularly elected precinct committeemen of the ward were present. The action is deemed as significant, inasmuch as the Thirty-fourth is one of the wards repeatedly classed as a "Thompson ward." Charles Vavrik, the Republican ward committeeman, repeatedly has lined up with the city hall organization. The resolution, after declaring that "loyalty to our country is of greater importance than party success," goes on to say that "we, the Republicans of the Thirty-fourth Ward Republican club, in meeting assembled, call upon William Hale Thompson to withdraw his candidacy for the United States senatorship and to save the Republican party the embarrassment of such candidacy." From the Chicago Tribune, March 8, 1918. LINE FOURTEEN W. M. ALDERMAN JOHN TOMAN Chairman of the License Committee of the City Council, one of its most popular members, who will, on Tuesday, April 2, be re-elected to it from the Thirty-fourth Ward. By Attorney Harris B. Gaines. Chicago, Ill., March 1, 1918—(Editor of Legal Helps): My landlord has failed to make any repairs in my flat, which is in a very poor condition. Because of the lack of repairs in my flat I suffered a great deal from the recent cold weather. In order to live in comfort I had work done on the building at my own expense and deducted the amount spent from my rent. The landlord refused to allow me any credit for the money I spent and threatened to put out of the flat if I do not pay him for the month in full. Do I have to pay him in full in order to remain in the flat? Can I make him pay me the money I spent on the flat? W. M. L. From the facts you state you are liable for rent as long as you remain in possession of the flat. You had no authority to have any repairs done on the building at the cost of the landlord and he does not have to pay you anything for the work you had done. Caiagio, March 2, 1918—(Editor of Legal Helps): About February 20 I bought some furniture from a man that I knew well. I paid him for the furniture and he agreed to allow the furniture to remain at his place until I called for it. When I called for the furniture a few days afterwards I found that he had sold my furniture to another party who has refused to return the property to me. I have a receipt which is dated 4 days ahead of the other party's holding the property and showed it to him. Can I force him to turn the property over to me? J. B. If the party in possession of the furniture had no notice that you had purchased the property you cannot recover the furniture. M.ARK METHODIST-EPISCOPAL CHURCH. Pittieh St. and Wabash Ave. Rev. John W. Robinson, Pastor. Sunday was our last quarterly meeting for this conference year. The Rev. G.R. Bryant preached at both the morning and afternoon services. At the evening services Rev. William Gray preached. It was a great day, with a collection of more than $200. One month from this Sunday the Lexington Conference will meet in St. Mark. The pastor will preach next Sunday. Sunday, March 17th, will be rally day. We must get ready to meet the conference entertainment. Let each member be present and do his part. Service Flig Dedication by our Sunday school, Sunday night, March 17th. Special music. Address, "The Colored Soldier," by the pastor. The parents and relatives of any of the colored men who have gone to war are invited to be our guests on that occasion. LEGAL HELPS. TRUSTEES OF HOWARD UNIVERSITY VOTE TO INSTALL COLLEGIATE COURSES IN AGRICULTURE. At the semi-annual meeting of the board of trustees of Howard University, held on February 6, 1918, the trustees voted to establish collegiate courses in agriculture, leading to the degree of bachelor of science in agriculture. This action places the courses in agriculture on the same scholastic basis and standing as the other degree courses in the university. It has been felt that Howard University, with her well-equipped laboratories of physics, chemistry, biology and engineering, can help greatly in meeting the increasing demand for scientific agriculturists, better prepared farm demonstrators and experts in rural education, as well as give an opportunity to those who may wish to prepare for the different lines of work in the Federal service such as plant inspectors, plant pathologists, horticulturists, etc. Some of the main features of the new courses will be agricultural botany, agricultural chemistry, animal husbandry, horticulture, dairying, poultry husbandry, rural sociology and allied subjects. THE OLD PEKIN THEATER HAS COME TO LIFE AGAIN AS AN ATTRACTIVE DANCE HALL. The old Pekin Theater, 27th and State streets, is now running at full blast again as a dance hall, under the management of Wallace K. Tyler. Each evening the original New Orleans Jazz Band discourses music for the merry dancers and the others who enjoy themselves sitting at the tables on the main floor and the upper balcony while sipping soft drinks of various kinds. No liquor is sold on the premises. Everything seems to indicate that it will continue to be conducted in a more law-abiding manner or method than what it was in the past. Col. Phil H. Brown, of the Saturday News, Hopkinsville, Ky., dished up our article on "Chicken" Joe Campbell, which appeared in these columns February 23rd as original matter without giving this paper the slightest credit for the same. The Star of Denver, Colo., followed suit and reproduced the article by Mrs. Irene McCoy-Gaines on the achievements of the Negro soldiers in the wars of ancient times. We have no objections to Editor Muse of the Denver Star and the other editors from appropriating historical articles from the columns of this paper which cannot be brought forth by other editors as long as they are willing to credit them up to The Bread Ax. Mrs. Lilian Bruton, Oak Park, Ill., has become a regular reader of the Broad Ax. THE BROAD AX, CHICAGO, MARCH 9. 1918 HON. ISAAC N. POWELL The up-to-date banker and successful stock broker, firmly believes in American patriotism, who is willing to do his part in assisting to promote the forthcoming Liberty Loan, who is strongly in favor of Hon. Charles S. Deneen for United States Senator. Jacksonville, Fla.—Once more I am basking in the sunshine of Florida and getting much out of life, and I am as happy as a Junebug. I think of what I passed through last winter while in Chicago—all that snow and winter weather, and the freezing of one ear—and see where I am now, and I am sorry that I have not been here before. If you have kept up with me you will discover that I have been doing some riding to get here, and I have been to a few places in this country, and I am now going to a few more. It strikes me that when I wrote to you the last time I was with Rev. Dr. Ernest Hall, the preacher, the scholar, the man of thought. Now I am away from him and I am in this part of the world. Perhaps you know Dr. Hall, because he was in Bloomington, Ill., so long, and from there he went to Pittsburgh and from there right on down to this place, and he will be away from here some day, going to the place where he wants to go for a visit and will return. He is doing a great work in Atlanta and has gotten into the hearts of the people because of his ability as a preacher and a leader of men. He has put Liberty Baptist Church on the map, rendering great service for his God and his race in this direction. I wish you could have seen and could have heard him. It was to me a pleasure. There were many things in Atlanta to claim my attention, and perhaps you would be a little interested in some of them. For instance, I had the pleasure of meeting and coming in touch with one of the leading physicians of our race or any other race, Dr. Georgia A. Dwellie. She is a real live doctor, yet she is a woman. She can cut you open and put you together again just like any of them other doctors. She can smile at you while she cuts and then think that she was doing her duty. She knows her business, and for that reason is kept busy all the time. Now, Atlanta is noted for its many institutions of learning. I had the pleasure of looking into some of them, including Morehouse College. At this institution is to be found Prof. John Hope, a refined, cultured, modest man. To see him and just talk with him you would not think that he is the educated man that he is, because he just uses the common words, without any Greek or Latin or Hebrew or any other kind of brew. Whether you have been to school or not you can understand every word that he says to you, if you will just listen to him. I had the pleasure of being in his company and talking with him. He is the first man of our race to be president of that great college, for when it was born a white man was president and remained until his death or until he was called to another position by the American Baptist Home Mission Society and it was then that he placed Prof. Hope there on trial, and that man made good until they made it permanent, and he is now in the position not for fun, but for keeps, rendering great service to our young men. The school is now the largest in its history, having an enrollment of 441, and all men. This institution has furnished to the United States Army 15 officers and about 40 privates. Wonderful contribution to our government and to our country. His wife, who was one time a citizen of Chicago, and the sister of Adolph Burns, of Chicago, is a worker. She is willing to help her country win the war, and just now is in New York at the National Board of the Y. W. C. A., rendering service in the hostee house problem at the various cantonments where there are soldiers of our side of the house. She has been to Camp Upton, rendering service there, and I am told that she is going to others. I thank God for her life and her training. A drop into the office of the Atlanta Mutual brought me in touch with the new manager, Mr. Landsay, who has been transferred from Savannah, and is here doing his part of the work. I am delighted to be able to touch this man. There is C. C. Shanks, who was the auditor of the company when I was here the other time, but is now the secretary—and is as busy as can be. The company is doing well. Then I took time to meet a real newspaper woman, Mrs. Ola Walker, of the Atlanta Independent. She is the business manager of the paper, and believe me when I tell you she knows her business all the time. I was proud to see and talk with her, because she is doing something that will count in the long run. Down into the Standard, the first company of our race in this country, and a good one at that. H. H. Pace was a busy man; and then I had the pleasure of meeting Mrs. Loudella Dawkins from Greenville, Miss., and Memphis, Tenn. She is a stenographer. After finishing from her Greenville home she got a good position in Memphis, and I am told that she did court reporting there and later accepted a position with the Standard. I want to congratulate her and hope she will continue in the good work. Rev. R. H. Singleton, D. D., has been [Name] ALDERMAN JOSEPH HIGGINS SMITH. One of the most popular members of the City Council from the Fourteenth Ward, who will not have much trouble on his hands in being re-elected to that body at the April election. sick for a little bit, and I was delighted to see him and talk with him. He is pastor of Bethel A. M. E. Church—and a good one at that. is some teacher of domestic science. She finished at home and then another school and went up to New York to Pratt, where she got her finishing touch Rev. W. A. Fountain is still doing great work at Morris Brown University, and when he leaves there he is going to be a bishop. His work commends him to his church and to the entire race. He is one of our best trained men, yet he continues to study and is going to take a degree from the University of Chicago this year. We will all be proud of this distinction, and I want to congratulate him in advance. I shall have something to tell you about Morris Brown University just a little later. There is that great preacher in Atlanta, one of the greatest in the race, Dr. P. James Bryant, pastor of the Wheat Street Baptist Church—and you have not visited Atlanta until you have heard him preach. Without a doubt he is one of the greatest preachers in our race. He can just lift you up, and sinners have to stop and listen when he speaks. Right by his side is his wife, who is a graduate from Spellman, and one of our best trained women. I was indeed delighted to see her and talk with her and visit her Sunday school class. This is an age for learning things. Off from Atlanta to Birmingham. There is where I had the pleasure of touching Mrs. Carrie A. Tuggle, the woman who believes in doing things; and she is carrying out her belief, but just now she is forced to do what her friends have been trying to get her to do for a long time, and that is rest. She has been forced to remain in bed for nearly two months, because she fell and broke her leg bone, and that bone has been slow in growing back to where it was before she had the fall. She is there now and there doing her work or directing it. She is just a born leader of women and I am real proud of her. Mrs. Tuggle built her monument in the organization of the Tuggle Institute, and from that institution we have many strong young men and women, some teaching in colleges and public schools. There is Prof. John Whatley, who is connected with the Birmingham High School as instructor, who was brought up right in Tuggle from a little boy. For a long time he was bandmaster and band instructor and now he has the same work in the high school and is teaching printing. God give us more men like him. He has been brought out into the world by Mrs. Carrie A. Tuggle. I had the pleasure of seeing Dr. U. G. Mason, and from there I made it to Montgomery, Ala., where I spent another whole day; thence to Tallahassee, Fla., to visit Prof. N. B. Young, president of the state school there. It was to me a source of pleasure to meet and touch this great educator and his teachers. They are working hard there trying to prepare our young people for life. There are many strong people there, and they are in keeping with God's plan for mind culture. There is the daughter of Prof. R. B. Hudson, of Selma, and she THE MAYOR OF BROOKLYN The City Council from the Fourteenth Ward, his hands in being re-elected to that body is some teacher of domestic science. She finished at home and then another school and went up to New York to Pratt, where she got her finishing touch and is prepared to do the work that she is doing. I am sure that Prof. Hudson is proud of her. He is the secretary of the National Baptist Convention. I think I have said enough for this time. You may expect to hear from me again soon. I want to here congratulate Major R. R. Jackson on his nomination. I told you that he was going to win, and he should win. He has won now, and I feel that he will win the other—and that means election. God grant that this will be done. He is the man for the place. I did not get to learn who that fellow was who was running against him. Such is life in this or any other city. THE BLACK MAN AND THE LABOR UNIONS. A leading editorial in the March Crisis says: In the present Union movement, as represented by the American Federation of Labor, there is very small of justice for an American of Negro descent. Personally, I have come to this decision reluctantly and in the past have written and spoken little of the closed door of opportunity, shut impudently in the faces of black men by organized white workingmen. I realize that by heredity and century-long lack of opportunity one cannot expect in the laborer that larger sense of justice and duty which we ought to demand of the privileged classes. I have, therefore, inveighed against color discrimination by employers and by the rich and well-to-do, knowing at the same time in silence that it is practically impossible for any Colored man or woman to become a boiler maker or bookbinder, an electrical worker or glass maker, a worker in jewelry or leather, a machinist or metal polisher, a paper maker or piano builder, a plumber or a potter, a printer or a pressman, an electrotyper or stove mounter, a textile worker or tile layer, a trunk maker, upholsterer, carpenter, locomotive engineer, switchman, stone cutter, baker, blacksmith, boot and shoemaker, tailor, or any of a dozen other important well-paid employments, without encountering the open determination and unserpulous opposition of the whole united labor movement of America. That further than this, if he should want to become a painter, mason, carpenter, plasterer, brickmaker or fireman he would be subject to humiliating discriminations by his fellow Union workers and be deprived of work at every possible opportunity, even in defiance of their own Union laws. If, braving this outrageous attitude of the Unions, he succeeds in some small establishment or at some exceptional time at gaining employment, he must be labeled as a "seab" throughout the length and breadth of the land and written down as one who, for his selfish advantage, seeks to overthrow the labor uplift of a century. PAGE THREE THE FORTY-FOURTH STREET PAGE FOUR The CR Apartmen 3600 Wak The finest building ever open cago. Steam heat, electric light Phone Main 263 FREE STYLE BOOK ... HAIR ... To Colored Women We are the largest market for colored Colored Women's Hair. Our latest book showing new styles in hair dramas and the Every colored wo- man should have one. We sell thou- sand over 10000 toilet articles. Sat- titution guaranteed or money back. We make the best with extra heavy back, fully guaranteed. With each comb we give lamp cap FREE. Send money order or stamp. MONEY BACK IF NOT SATISFACTORY. $129 postpaid. POSTPAID $129 Hair nets, brushes, combs and toilet articles manufacturer' prices. Send two-cent stamp. Agents Wanted. Address as follows: HUMAN HAIR COMP. 181-187 Park Bow, New York City. Address Dept. 84 Dr. Mac Enery J. Brown Physician and Surgeon Practice Limited to Diseases of the Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat 10 EAST 35th STREET Hours: 9 to 12 A.M. 2 to 9 P.M. CHICAGO RESIDENCE 3419 South Park Avenue PHONE DOUGLAS 9256 WM. J. LATHAM ATTORNEY AT LAW OFFICE PHONE: CALUMET 871 2 East 31st Street Suite 7 CHICAGO Frank Dunn, J. B. McCahay, Trustees Telephones: Oakland 1552, 1551, 1550 JOHN J. DUNN ESTABLISHED 1877 Wholesale and Retail COAL Fifty-First and Federal Streets CHICAGO --- 18 WELLS PRODUCING OIL Gushers May Come and Gushers May Go, but Steady Production Brings Home the "Dough." Another Producing Well Added to CAPITOL PETROLEUM COMPANY'S Holdings in the Famous Wayside Pool, Montgomery County, Kansas This is in shallow territory where a steady production is mighty certain. Two pumping outfile, consisting of two engines, two house houses, tanks, and full pumping equipment—a total of 17 pumpes—now working steadily, pumping the "liquid gold" into hung tanks, and from there it goes to the refineries to increase our divided fund. Now is the time for you to invest with a company that has 18 WELLS PRODUCING OIL —more now drilling—others ready to be started. 10c Per Share. You simply cannot best Corp stock at..... Write and send remittance to Fred S. Burton, 1837 Arapahoe St., Denver, Colo. Cut Out This Subscription Blank and Mail It to THE BROAD AX 605 CHAMPLAIN AVENUE $1.00 FOR 6 MONTHS $2.00 PER YEAR JULIUS F. TAYLOR. Please enter my name as a subscriber to the BROAD AX. I inclue herewith Two Dollars, the annual subscription to same, or One Dollar for six months. J. W. CASEY, Agent 133 W. Washington Street Residence, 1262 Macalister Place Telephone Monroe 2714 MILES J. DEVINE Attorney at Law Suite 313-329 Reaper Block Clark and Washington Sts. Phones, Central 239; Auto. 41-918 CHICAGO PHONE MAIN 2214 A. D. GASH Attorney at Law 118 North La Salle Street Suite 615 to 616 CHICAGO PHONES: MAIN 2017 AUTOMATIC 22-305 A. L. WILLIAMS Attorney and Counselor at Law Suite 706 FIRMENICH BUILDING 104 West Washington Street CHICAGO RESIDENCE: 508 E. 36th STREET PHONE DOUGLAS 4397 J. Gray Lucas Attorney at Law Suite 815 Hartford Bldg. 8 S. Dearborn St. CHICAGO PHONES: OFFICE, CENTRAL 6583 AUTOMATIC 42-590 Residence, 4533 Prairie Avenue Res., Kenwood 6529 WALTER M. FARMER ATTORNEY AND COUNSELOR AT LAW 184 W. Washington St. Phone, Office, Main 4813 Auto., 23726 CHICAGO 18 WELLS PRO Gushers May Come and Production Brit Another Producer CAPITOL PETROI Holdings in the Famous Wayside THE BROAD AX Published Weekly In this city since July 15th, 1880, without missing one single issue, Republicans, Democrats, Catholics, Protestants, Single Taxes, Priests, infidels or anyone else can have their say as long as their language is proper and responsibility is fixed. The Broad Ax is a newspaper whose platform is broad enough for all, over claiming the editorial right to speak its own mind. Local communications will receive attention. Write only on one side of the paper. THE RED CAP MEN AT THE RAILLOAD 19TH ST. STA By J. W. Bell. W. L. Clark arrived in the Tuesday evening from Sioux. He expects to visit in Columbus a few days. Captain William Clifton, altho feeling well, is daily on the those of us who are inclined morally and spiritually wayward emulate the exemplary life of Subscriptions must be paid in advance. One Year .....$2.00 Six Months .....1.00 Advertising rates made known on application. Address all communications to THE BROAD AX 6418 Champlain Ave., Chicago, Ill. PHONE WENTWORTH 2597. JULIUS F. TAYLOE, Editor and Publisher. Entered as Second-Class Matter Aug. 19, 1902, at the Post Office at Chicago, Illinois, under Act of March 3, 1879. Newspaper Advertising Soliciter Wanted. A live newspaper advertising solicitor; one who knows how to hustle for business wanted. For further information, address the editor of this paper ar phone, Westworth 2597. How to Get Best Results From Your Gas Range If your gas range does not burn just the way that it should, the probability is that it is getting either too much or not enough air. This is a little matter which can be remedied by anyone with the aid of a screwdriver. Adjusting Screw Air Shutter Gas Isabel Air Intake Air Intake Adjustable Air Intake The air intake is directly behind the handle with the gas on or off. This "air intake" has a sliding shutter fastened in place by a small screw. Loosen the screw and turn the shutter until the air intake completely eased. Then turn on the gas and light the burner. You Yellow Frame Wrong Adjustment Blue Frame Correct Adjustment will find that it burns with a yellow flame. Open the air shutter SLOWLY, watching the damage while it burns, then tighten the screw so that the air shutter cannot slip. If your gas range "poops" back when lighted it gets wet, the air shutter should be top burners on your gas range should be get clean or you will not get the best result. RESIDENCE: 3353 South Park Ave. PHONE DOUGLAS 2773 W. E. MOLLISON ATTORNEY and COUNSELOR Suite 815 Hartford Bldg. PHONE: CENTRAL 6583 CHICAGO TELEPHONE WEST 4598 NIGHT CALZB GIVEN PROMPT ATTENTION J. Frank Armstrong, B. S., M. D. Physician and Surgeon HOURS: Until 9:30 A. M., 3 to 5 and 7 to 9 P. M. SUNDAYS: 1:30 to 2:30 P. M. and by appointment OFFICE AND RESIDENCE: 1924 W. Lake Street, CHICAGO DUCING OIL 18 Pushers May Go, but Steady logs Home the "Dough." Well Added to DEUM COMPANY'S Pool, Montgomery County, Kansas tion to mighty certain. Two pumping outlines, con- tall bill tanks, and huge tanks, and from there it goes to the refineries you to invest with a company that has DUCING OIL 18 ready to be started. 10c Per Share stock at..... om, 1837 Arapahos St, Denver, Colo. THE RED CAP MEN AT THE R. O. RAILROAD 12TH ST. STATION. W. L. Clark arrived in the city last Tuesday evening from Sioux City, Ia. He expects to visit in Columbus, Ga., in a few days. Captain William Clifton, although not feeling well, is daily on the job. If those of us who are inclined to be morally and spiritually wayward would emulate the exemplary life of the captain, we would be, as is he, happy, and see only the brighter side of life. The many friends of Sergeant John Ferguson will be surprised to learn that he is in the Provident Hospital, suffering with pneumonia. At this writing the attending physicians state that he has excellent chances for recovery. Saul Shields and Eugene Bowman are in Birmingham, Ala., for a few days. Samuel White was absent last Monday. He attended the funeral of Mr. Lester Hender, who was for quite a while a fellow employee of his in the city postoffice. Horatio Maat left Tuesday for New Orleans. On his return he will stop at Jackson, Miss.; Memphis and Cairo. * * * One of the boys still is clinging on his political nightmare. He has a curbit and brass spurs. Be careful, friend, or he'll throw you. "They'll do it every time." . . . Ushers' wives who leave the city and return a day ahead of schedule, expecting to surprise hubby, who reaches home from work about 7 p. m., do not forget your house keys or the joke will be on you. This advice may also be heeded by the wives of chief ushers. JAS. L. ROBINSONOGRAMS. The important questions were tabled at last meeting in the emigrant room for reasons well known. The center of gravitation was not fully discussed because the farther the participant went the deeper the water got. Ed. Craig is known among us as the most careless man on earth when he is trusted with the truth. Mr. Henderson, the good-looking man, presented the club with a sack of well-known tobacco—Bull Durham. The next meeting of Bethel Literary will be Sunday, March 17th. The speaker and subject will be announced in these columns later. YOUNG COLORED MAN FOR WEST POINT. Dayton, Ohio, Special.—Congressman Warren Gard has appointed Byron Alexander, 17 years of age, to West Point Military Academy. Alexander, a graduate of a local collage, passed the preliminary examination with honors. Kies Under the Mistletoe. The mistletoe was held in great reverence by the Druids. It was believed to be particularly and divinely healing; in fact, it was given this attribute for centuries. It had special significance as the cause of the death of Balder, the Norse Apollo, who was killed by an arrow made from its branches. Subsequently Balder was restored to life, the mistletoe tree was placed under the care of Frigga, and from that time until it touched the earth was never again to be an instrument of evil. The present custom of kissing under the mistletoe is the outcome of an old practice of the Druids. Persons of opposite sexes passed under the suspended vine and gave each other the kiss of love and peace, in full assurance that, though it had caused Balder's death, it had lost all its power of doing harm since his restoration. Persian and African Donkeva. Two species of the Caucasian donkey hall, the one from Persis, the other from Africa, says a nature student. Persis is also responsible for the proud mountaineers' fondness for chicken; our European ancestors got their roosters at some time during the historic period. Finally the famous Caucasus sheep took one day their departure from the broad plains situated between Persis and the Caspian sea. As Near As Your Telephone DISTANCE IMMATERIAL IN a Metropolitan City of this size, death knocks every thirty minutes at some door. Too often that death not only brings sorrow, but misfortune as well. Let the price you pay for a funeral be a business proposition and you will benefit by it in service, quality and cost to you in dollars and cents. The result of my campaign has built for me one of the largest and most magnificent establishments in the world. Consult me, I can save you Worry, Shipping to all parts of the Country Funerals a Specialty. Central Disp Chapel. Call promptly answered day Ernest H. William KENWOOD 455 Undertake 5028 and 5030 S. State St., Consult me, I can save you Worry, Time and Money. Shipping to all parts of the Country and Automobile Funerals a Specialty. Central Display Rooms and Chapel. Call promptly answered day or night. H. A. W REAL ESTATE RENTING A PHONE DOUGLAS 1714 OWNERS AND DIRECTORS OPEN DAY AND NIGHT The Emanuel Jackson Undertaking Co., Inc. 2959-61 South State Street Reasoan FREE CHAPEL Complete Line of Funeral Goods FREE CHAPEL IN CONNECTION Complete Line of Funeral Goods Automobiles for Hire The Elite Cafe AND BUFFET CHIPS. Attorney Charles A. Ward, 184 West Washington street, has been ill for two or three days. Attorney F. L. Barnett will leave for Memphis, Tenn., Friday and expects to be in that city for three days. Miss Hazel Harrison, our most noted pianist, is to give a recital in the early spring at South Park M. E. Church. H. A. Watkins, who has made a success in the real estate business at 3510 Indiana avenue, may be induced to become a candidate for County Commissioner this coming fall. Night Robbers succeeded in breaking into the home of Mrs. James H. Johnson, 3650 Prairie avenue, last Saturday evening while she was absent from home. They forced open the front door but departed without lugging away anything. Attorney Augustus L. Williams, 184 W. Washington street, feels that it was largely through his efforts and labor that Major Robert R. Jackson succeeded in pulling through at the primaries Tuesday, February 26th, and Mr. Williams will assist to pull him through at the election Tuesday, April 2. Attorney N. K. McGill has given up his law offices at 184 West Washington street and will spend the next three or four months in Boston, Mass. It was stated in these columns last week that his wife, Mrs. McGill, has returned to Athens, Ga., where she will reside with her parents for some time while striving to regain her health. Ernest H. Williamson, the up-to-date and progressive undertaker at 5030 S. State street, continues to hold his own with the leading undertakers of this PETER H. I DECORATE PHONE DOUGLAS 1714 DAN M. JACKSON GEQ. T. KERSEY DAVID A. McGOWAN AHMED A. RAYNER Reliable Service A. F. CODOZOR J. H. WHISTON, Propreitrate CHAS. HARRIS, Manager CHIP8 LAUREL Phones Calumet 6164 Automatic 71-629 DOUGLAS 1871 Phones DOUGLAS 2026 AUTO. 12-129 CHICAGO city. His automobiles for all occasions are the best that can be found anywhere. His five-thousand-dollar Cunningham hearse is one of the most modern automobiles of its kind in Chicago. Rev. Alonzo J. Bowling, as the new pastor of the Turner Memorial A.M.E. Church, 4211 Evans avenue, feels highly elated over the success which has so far attended his efforts in that direction and he expects to have one hundred active members in a very short time, and one hundred dollars in dollar money to lay down on the table, at the September Churches In Queer Places. Churches in Queer Places People at Tunbridge Wells, England, rarely say that it is impossible to be in two places at one time, because if they enter the beautiful old parish of ease in their town they can stand in two counties and three parishes. This chapel stands partly in Kent and partly in Sussex. This is how the problem is worked out. When the clergy man leaves the vestry he comes out of the parish of Frant, in Sussex. If he is going to officiate at the altar he walks into the parish of Tunbridge, Kent. If, on the other hand, he is going to preach the sermon, he walks from the parish of Frant to the parish of Speldhurst on the way to the pulpit. In half a minute he can enter the two counties and the three parishes named. The members of the congregation, however, have to content themselves by sitting in one county and one parish like ordinary folk. Ancient Lamps. The candle is in appearance a primitive affair, yet there is little doubt that its predecessor was the lamps. Those old Egyptian tombs, which have unlocked many mysteries, held lamps and through them evidence of ancient burial customs. Lamps played a part in the solemn feasts of the Egyptians, who on such occasions placed them before their houses, burning them throughout the night. Herodotus, in one of his numerous references to Xerxes, alludes to the hour of lamp lighting, and evidences abound regarding the use of lamps among the ancient Greeks. Lamps, indeed, are pictured upon some of their oldest vases, indicating the symbolic significance which attached to them.