The Broad Ax

United States Senator Benjamin Ryan Tillman, of South Carolina, Has Closed His Eyes in Death. The Terrific and Memorable Fight Made on Him in November, 1906, at the Time That He Was to Lecture at Orchestra Hall, for the Benefit of the Union Hospital, by the Editor of This Paper Recalled, Which Finally Terminated in Driving Him From the Lecture Platform in This Country. MANY OF THE LEADING AND MOST PROMINENT COLORED PEOPLE IN THIS CITY AT THAT TIME BRANDED THE WRITER AS AN "AGITAOR" AND SEVERELY CONDEMNED HIM FOR FIRING INTO SENATOR TILLMAN, CLAIMING THAT HE WAS RECEIVING TOO MUCH FREE ADVERTISING IN THE COLUMNS OF THIS PAPER, WHICH WOULD FURTHER ADD TO HIS POPULARITY AS A PUBLIC LECTURER. HON. FRANK O. LOWDEN, WHO WAS AT THAT TIME ONE OF THE DIRECTORS OF ORCHESTRA HALL, WAS WILLING TO COME TO THIS CITY FROM HIS HOME IN OREGON, ILL., AND ASSIST TO PREVENT SENATOR TILLMAN FROM SPEAKING IN THAT HALL, TUESDAY EVENING, NOV. 27. Early on Wednesday morning after a long and eventful career United States Senator Benjamin Ryan Tillman, of South Carolina, closed his eyes in death and passed on into eternity, from his home at Washington, D. C. For more than ten years he had been suffering from a stroke of paralysis and the second shock laid its deadly hands upon him last week—it ended his life here upon this earth. For many years to come Senator Tillman will continue to occupy a warm spot in the hearts of his fellow countrymen residing south of the Mason and Dixon line, for he was the bold and fearless and we might say, the reckless exponent of their extreme ideas in relation to the civil and the political status of the twelve million Colored people in this country. Shortly after his passing away, Secretary Daniels named a new torpedo boat destroyer in honor of Senator Tillman, who was for some time chairman of the Senate naval affairs committee. In the most friendly and dispassionate spirit or manner we feel that at this time we possess the moral or the undisputed right to review or recall the memorable and terrific fight which was waged on Senator Tillman in November, 1906, by the writer, at the time that he was billed to lecture at Orchestra Hall for the benefit of the Union Hospital, which, with the aid of the Associated Press and with the aid of the daily and weekly newspapers, finally ended or terminated in driving him from the lecture platform in this country. Prior to that history making event it was estimated that Senator Tillman was making two hundred and fifty thousand dollars a year aside from his salary as United States Senator, in traveling around over the country and lecturing before the various Chantauqua associations on the "Race Problem," where in he would invariably advocate bloody mob and lynch laws and his shotgun policy in dealing with peaceable and law-abiding Colored men, women and children; that the only way to handle a "Nigger" was to keep him in front of you with a heavily loaded gun pointed at him ready to shoot; that we must not hesitate but go to shooting and then bury the "Niggers" head and body in the sand, and so on. Whenever anyone would attempt to remonstrate with Senator Tillman for giving expression to his murderous and anarchistic remarks or utterances he would turn upon them like a mad, roaring lion and shout in a loud voice: "All those sitting under the sound of my voice who want their beautiful sisters or daughters to marry a big, black, burly 'Nigger,' please stand on their feet." And that was the brutal or savage method which he resorted to in order to completely floor or unhorse those who were unalterably opposed to his lawless and bitter racial propaganda which was destructive in the very highest degree. In the early part of September, 1906, it was announced in the public press that Senator Tillman had been engaged later on to lecture at Orchestra Hall for the benefit of the Union Hospital; that he would talk on the "Race Problem." At that time many of the leading and most prominent Colored men and women in this city joined hands with the White ladies and gentlemen who had charge of the affair to request Senator Tillman to change his forthcoming lecture to the "Annexation of Cuba" and not long from that time the White ladies and gentlemen informed the Colored ladies and gentlemen that "Senator Tillman had finally consented to change his lecture," and that he would absolutely refrain from riding around on the back of the Negro and there was great jealousy on the part of the leading Colored ladies and gentlemen. Being from the country we could not see for the life of us how Senator Tillman could intelligently discuss the Cuban question without harping on the Negro in America. So on Saturday, November 17, 1906, The Broad Ax contained the following front page article in reference to the lecture which was to be delivered by United States Senator Bejamin R. Tillman in Orchestra Hall, Tuesday evening, November 27, 1906. A. H. Colored people to rise up in their might and prevent Senator Tillman from speaking in this city and after we had fully explained to him just what we really meant and at his request had furnished him with extensive extracts of the speeches of Senator Tillman on the "Negro question" in this country, he departed with them and the next morning the Chicago Examiner contained almost a two column article in our favor and against Senator Tillman and for two weeks thereafter we worked hard night and day in digging up copies or extracts of his speeches for the morning, afternoon and evening daily newspapers. We could not find the time to either sleep or eat and our good wife, Mrs. Taylor, felt sure that we had gone crazy. The Broad Ax of Saturday, November 24th, devoted eighteen columns of its space to Senator Tillman, and the five leading Sunday morning newspapers in this city at that time, namely the Chicago Tribune, the Chicago Record-Herald, the Chicago Chronicle, the Chicago Examiner and the Chicago Inter-Ocean, all quoted from The Broad Ax to the extent of one column, which appeared on the front page of each newspaper and our final shots at Senator Tillman just before his lecture were read by many millions of people in all parts of the world. Mayor Edward F. Dunne had requested us to furnish him with a copy of that issue of the paper and after he had carefully read it he firmly decided not to introduce Senator Tillman nor to preside at his lecture at Orchestra Hall. On Monday evening, November 26, the late Robert M. Mitchell, who was one of the best and truest friends that we ever had, requested James H. Porter to get Hon. Frank O. Lowden, who was at that time one of the directors of Orchestra Hall, on the long-distance phone at his home at Oregon, Ill, and after Mr. Mitchell had discussed some legal points with him; he turned the receiver over to us and Congressman Lowden assured us that he was bitterly opposed to permitting Senator Tillman to speak in Orchestra Hall and that if we would figure out how he could aid us in our fight against him that he would jump on the first train and come to Chicago and from that night to this we have always greatly admired Governor Low- den for his noble and manly stard in that direction. On Tuesday morning, November 27, Senator Tillman arrived at the North Western depot and he was guarded by twenty policemen, and so bitter was the feeling against him by our articles, for we had dipped our pen in wormwood and bitter gall, that he was hissed and hooted at as he wended his way through the streets to the Great Northern Hotel, where he was further guarded by the police. When he appeared on the platform at Orchestra Hall that same evening he was surrounded by more than fifty policemen, seven of them being colored officers, and two hundred and fifty policemen were scattered throughout the hall and on the sidewalk in front of it. We never beheld until that time so many policemen massed together at any one place before. Almost the first words uttered by Senator Tillman was that he had not been requested until that day to change his lecture; that he would not do so; that it made not the slightest difference what he talked about, the "Niggers would (Continued on page 2.) COL. AUGUST W. MILLER Lieutenant Colonel of the Second Regiment Home Guards, who has a con somewhere fighting in France for Uncle Sam, and who as clerk of the Circuit Court of Cook County is proving himself to be a first class public official. DEATH OF UNITED STATES SENATOR BENJAMIN BYAN TILLMAN. information received at the office today An average of 10 per day, principally (Cenclined from page 1.) receive everything coming from him just the same." Just as he was winding up, in exclaiming that "Colored women deit it a great honor to consort with white men; that all white women would rather suffer death ten thousand times than to cohabit with a Negro; that all Colored men are apes, brutes and baboons; that they have no higher ambition in life than to ravish white women," a white man was arrested who was in the act of hurling a piece of lead pipe at him. Three or four other white men and one Colored man were also arrested for disorderly conduct, and the greatest disorder and excitement prevailed throughout the lecture, at no time was Orchestra Hall more than half filled, showing that our burning articles against him had done their work, and that those who had thought otherwise were wrong, and the whole affair was a financial failure. The morning after Senator Tillman had stood up in Orchestra Hall and shouted to h-1 with the law and the constitution when it comes down to dealing with "Niggers," the Wisconsin Chantanqua Association canceled a forty-eight thousand dollar contract which it had entered into with him for the lecture season of 1907, and various other Chantanqua associations throughout the country followed suit, and the Associated Press flashed it to all parts of the world that the editor of this paper started the wonderful onslaught on Senator Tillman which finally ended his career on the lecture platform throughout the United States. SUNSHINE RESOUR MISSION. Service Every Night in the Year. Rev. D. G. Lewallen, of Princeton, Ind., preached a splendid sermon on Tuesday evening. Dr. Bray, the superintendent, has returned from his campaign in Ohio and will preach Sunday at 3 and 8 p. m. Revival meetings will begin shortly and a mighty drive, such as has seldom been seen in this city, made for souls. An earnest appeal is being sent out to individuals and organizations to contribute a ton of coal. The rescue home is kept open all the time and it requires a great deal of coal to keep it comfortable during the winter months. Any contribution to this fund will be thankfully received and acknowledged. NEGRO BRITISH SUBJECTS ENROLL IN LARGE NUMBERS IN PHILADELPHIA FOR WAR SERVICE. Philadelphia—Special—Negro British subjects to the number of 20 per week are being enrolled for service at the British recruiting office, Sixteenth and Chantrell streets, according to in- formation received at the office today. An average of 10 per day, principally those from the Bermuda and Bahama islands, have applied for enlistment during the past several weeks, and these have been examined and data regarding them recorded. None of these, however, were enlisted until the order to that effect calling for Negroes to be enrolled was received. WAR BOARD ASKS ECONOMY IN USES OF PRINT PAPER. Washington, D. C.—(Special)—Necessity for the strictest economy in news print paper is emphasized in a letter addressed by the war industries board today to all newspaper publishers, who are asked to put into effect a number of economies. On and after July 15 unsold copies may not be returned; samples or free promotion copies are not be distributed; advertisers are to be permitted but one copy; the practice of forcing copies upon news dealers as the conditions of their holding a certain territory is to be discontinued. Copies are not to be bought back from dealers or agents at either the wholesale or retail selling price, and all free exchanges are to be discontinued. EAST ST. LOUIS RIOTERS LOSE APPEAL CASE. Supreme Court Upholds the Fourteen-Year Sentence on the Ten Colored Men Convicted. East St. Louis, Ill.-Special.-In the cases growing out of the East St. Louis riot, the ten Colored men who were convicted by the Supreme Court last week, the sentence of 14 years was upheld. During the pending of the case in the Supreme Court one of the defendants, Othaniel Peoples, died. The nine other defendants are now in the penitentiary at Chester, Ill. The St. Louis branch of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People has decided to take the matter up to the United States Supreme Court. BIRTHPLACE OF JOHN BROWN IS BURNED. Torrington, Conn.—Special.—The house in West Torrington, in which John Brown, the great Abolitionist, was born, was destroyed by fire today. The building was one of the principal historical THE NINETEENTH ANNUAL SESSION OF THE NATIONAL NEGRO BUSINESS LEAGUE WILL BE HELD AT ATLANTIC CITY, N. J., AUGUST 21, 22, 23, 1918. The nineteenth annual session of the National Negro Business League will be held at Atlantic City, N. J., August 21, 22, 23, 1918, and the program for this year's session will include addresses by a number of the foremost leaders of both races, who will discuss many of the vital and absorbing topics which now confront the race and the nation. mittee is to have the business at Fitzgerald's Auditorium. gates will be invited to take trip on the ocean on Thursday noon, August 22. On the e August 22 the famous Cefl Clu York is planning to give an ment on Young's Million-De and the delegates will have tunity to visit the pier on this The three silver cups offers Allen W. Clark, chairman o ntional "Clean-Up and Paint rean, St. Louis, Mo., for the s tive work accomplished du The affiliated organizations of the League, which includes the National Negro Press Association, the National Negro Funeral Directors' Association, the National Negro Insurance Association, the National Negro Retail Merchants' Association, the National Negro Farmers' Association, and the National Negro Bar Association, will hold their annual sessions at the same time as in former years, and there is every indication that the attendance this year will far surpass that of any previous year in the history of the League. Atlantic City, the World's Playground. It has been said that the reason why the attendance at conventions and meetings of various sorts held at Atlantic City are so large, it seems that those who are possible delegates and visitors to those conventions are always divided into two classes: Those who have been to Atlantic City and those who have not—the first group are always glad to return and the second group has heard so much of Atlantic City and its attractions that they are always glad to make the trip. This year the opportunity will be extended to the progressive men and women throughout the country to attend the League, and also to spend two or three days at this world-famed resort. Some Features of the Session. The following committees are in charge of the details of the arrangements for entertaining delegates and visitors to the National Negro Business League: Hon. A. F. Davidson, Grand Chancellor, Knights of Pythians, New Jersey, chairman of the Executive Committee of the Local Negro Business League of Atlantic City; Mr. B. G. Fitzgerald, chairman of Finance Committee; Mr. C. M. Cain, secretary of local league, chairman of Program Committee; Mr. W. Gray, chairman of Publicity Committee, and W. F. Cozart, Grand Keeper of Records and Seals, Knights of Pythians, State of New Jersey, chairman of Housing Committee. Although all of the details have not been completed, the plan of the com- By Mrs. Max West (This is the ninth of a series of weekly articles on "How Mothers Can Help in Children's Year.") The family must be fed, whatever foods cost, and the wise mother will study how to get the greatest return on her investment by the careful selection of foods. The cheapest foods are by no means necessarily the most economical. Half-decayed fruits and vegetables are sold very cheap from the wagons or markets, but may be very expensive to the family if illness results, and it is only too true that cheap milk may cost the life of a baby. It is plain that unless food is in good condition it is not cheap at any price. But even when the quality of food is above reproach it must be selected wisely and adapted to the needs of the family. To do this it is a good plan to divide the money that may be spent for food in some way as the following: (a) "Spend from one-quarter to one-third of the total food money for bread, cereals, macaroni and rice." Bread and other cereal foods form the basis of the American family diet and should be freely used for children. (b) "Buy at least from one-third to one-half a quart of milk a day for each member of the family." This amount of milk will ordinarily permit each child to have one and one-half pints a day. (c) "Spend as much for fruit and vegetables together as for milk." Children should begin to have a little vegetable food in the first year, and after the second year well-cooked vegetables should form a usual part of their diet. (d) "Spend not more for meat and eggs together than for vegetables and fruit." The amount mittee is to have the business sessions at Fitzgerald's Auditorium. Also delegates will be invited to take a ten-mile trip on the ocean on Thursday afternoon, August 22. On the evening of August 22 the famous Cief Club of New York is planning to give an entertainment on Young's Million-Dollar Pier, and the delegates will have an opportunity to visit the pier on that night. The three silver cups offered by Mr. Allen W. Clark, chairman of the National "Clean-Up and Paint Up" Bureau, St. Louis, Mo., for the most effective work accomplished during the observance of the National Negro Health Week, will be awarded to the committees of the three cities whose reports to the chairman of the Committee of Awards show the best results. President J. C. Napier will deliver his annual message to the delegates and Dr. R. R. Moton, principal of Tuakegee Institute, chairman of the Executive Committee, will also be one of the principal speakers. In view of the war conditions and the changes which have transpired in the operation of the railroads, it will not be possible to secure special rates this year, but it may be possible to secure tourist tickets, and these tickets will, of course, afford the visitors and delegates an opportunity to visit a number of other eastern points while they are away from home. Mr. E. T. Attwell, transportation agent for the Business League, will have an important announcement to make regarding the summer tourist tickets in a later bulletin. There has never been a time in the history of our race when there was greater need for united action, undivided co-operation, and mutual helpfulness than at present. There are questions of paramount importance which need most careful discussion and attention by the members of the Negro race, and in this trying crisis of the nation's history the race can do no better thing than to meet together in this annual gathering which is planned by the officials of the National Negro Business League and discuss ways and means of co-operating with the Government in the great struggle in which it is engaged. For further information relative to the meeting of the Business League communications should be sent to Hon. J. C. Napier, Napier Court, Nashville, Tenn.; Dr. R. R. Moton, chairman of Executive Committee, Tuskegee Institute, Alabama, or Emmett J. Scott, secretary, Tuskegee Institute, Alabama. be decreased as the amount spent for milk increases." It has been found that many families spend an entirely undue amount of their food allowance for meat, which is the most expensive article of food on the market. Especially in summer the proportion of meat in the diet of young children may be reduced by using milk, and milk products, eggs and vegetables in its place. Fish and chicken are excellent food for children. In order to keep track of these expenditures it is a good plan for the mother to keep an itemized account of her food costs for a while. In the country and villages where the family raises a great deal of its own food the problem of buying will not be so serious, but it is always necessary to see that the proper balance of the family meals is observed. Having purchased the food stuffs, still further economy can be effected by proper preparation and cooking. A fireless cooker will help greatly in the task of cooking in summer. Most cereals and many vegetables may be re-heated so that at least enough for two days may safely be cooked at one time. Milk may be used in many kinds of good summer foods, such as vegetable soup and custards, or may be the basis of the children's suppers, either with bread or cereals. Directions for the use of milk are given in a forthcoming bulletin of the Children's Bureau, U. S. Department of Labor, Washington, D. C., on the care of the child, which will be sent to any one who cares to write to the bureau for it. Food should be kept as cold as possible and carefully screened against files, mice and other mutilators. When there is danger that foods will not keep until the meal for which they are needed, they should be cooked, scalded or sterilized, and then cooked as quickly as possible, even if they must again be prepared before being eaten. [Name] On Monday evening all the followers belonging to Mayor Thompson's wing of the Republican party to the number of 15,000 assembled in the Coliseum and in the midst of enthusiasm and excitement the following county ticket was placed in the running to be voted for at the primaries Tuesday, September 11, which is as follows: Sheriff, George Hitzman, 33d ward. County treasurer, Perey B. Coffin, 25th ward. County clerk, Andrew Metzger, 7th ward. County judge, Frank S. Bigheimer, 35th ward. Probate judge, Clifford G. Roe, 6th ward. Clerk of the Probate court, George E. Nye, 13th ward. Clerk of the Criminal court, Morris Eller, 20th ward. County superintendent of schools, John B. Strasburger, 21st ward. Members board of assessors: B. J. Evans, 4th ward, and James Rea, 32d ward. Member board of review, William H. Reid, 31st ward. Sanitary district trustees: Alex N. Todd, 14th ward; James Bowler, 19th ward, and Charles Vavrik, 34th ward. President county board, P. H. Moynihan, 8th ward. Members of the county board: Alexander J. Johnson, 7th ward; Dr. Jacob Gartenstein, 10th ward; John T. Nebek, 11th ward; James J. McComb, 15th ward; Charles S. Rasmussen, 17th ward; Louis P. Piquett, 21st ward; F. Powden De Forrest, 23d ward; John B. French, 25th ward, and Edwin C. Masters, 28th ward. Chief justice of the Municipal court, Henry T. Chace, 6th ward. Associate justice of the Municipal court: George W. Ellis, 2d ward, Hector A. Brouillet, 5th ward; Benton F. Kleeman, 9th ward; Otto F. Ring, 10th ward; Stephen A. Thieda, 12th ward; Daniel G. Garst, 14th ward; Meyer Rosen, 18th ward; Edgar A. Jonas, 25th ward; James W. Breen, 30th ward; Frank Piska, 35th ward; Michael E. Libonati, 19th ward. Clerk of the Municipal court, William H. Wesebey, 26th ward. Bailiff of the Municipal court, Peter G. Nix, 29th ward. Denver, Col.—Special.—From a childhood of slavery in a southern cotton field to genuine honors in death, signalized by the body reposing in state for forty-eight hours while a thousand white persons filed past to pay tribute is a far swing. There is really little that Julia Greeley did not have in the eighty years of her life. A solemn requiem high mass was sung in Sacred Heart cathedral for the much loved woman. The Rev. Father McDonnell of Sacred Heart was the celebrant, and acting with him as subdeacon was Prof. John Conway, whom the old woman had nursed when he was a baby. Col. and Mrs. Harry H. Biggs have removed from 3856 S. State street into their lovely new home at 2435 S. Park avenue, where they are new at home to their many friends. COL. CHARLES C. FITZMORRIS, THE DEMOCRATIC PRIVATE SECRET TABY OF MAYOR WILLIAM HALE THOMPSON, IS STILL ON HIS EAR AGAINST JULIUS P. TAYLOR. Last Tuesday afternoon the writer walked into the city council chamber while it was in session, and while standing around and looking on Col. Charles C. Fitzmorris, the sleek Democratic private secretary to Mayor William Hale Thompson, whom we would not believe under oath if he swore on a stack of real Bibles which would reach down to the lowest pit in the infernal regions and that would extend up to the very highest point in the star spangled heavens, entered the council chamber, and after his big shiny eyes had wildly beheld us for the first time since we had landed on him through the columns of this paper he came near us and exclaimed, "Julius, I have fixed it so that in the future that you continue to enter the city council chamber but you are barred out of all parts of the mayor's office." Col. Fitzmorris was very politely informed by us that we held a card from the chief of police of the city of Chicago which gives us the right to enter the city council chamber at all of the meetings of that body, that we are not nor never will be as long as we retain our right mind be beholden to him for any favors, not even to the extent of one penny. If Col. Fitzmorris would only realize to what extent that we abhor and detest him he would in the future absolutely refrain from attempting to talk to us, for we consider him far beneath our notice. If Mayor William Hale Thompson is defeated in his race for the United States senate he can attribute that fact to Col. Charles Fitzmorris, the Rev. Hon. Archibald James Carey, Ph. D., D. D., and to Edward H. Wright, the boss stud poker player of the city hall, for these three buldozing political pap suckers who reflect no credit on Mayor Thompson's administration will drive more friends and votes away from him than he can pull to him in the next one hundred years. TUSKEGEE SUMMER SCHOOL NOW OPEN. Tuskegee, Ala.-Special.-The Tuskegee Summer School opened Monday, June 10 with an enrollment of 445 teachers, from twelve states. Two hundred of the enrolled teachers are workers in Rosenwald rural schools, for whom a special course has been prepared. THE BROAD AX, CHICAGO, JULY 6, 1918 1930 PAGE THREE HARRY A. HAMILTON MAJOR ROBERT R. JACKSON. .