The Broad Ax

The Broad Ax Is Neither Democratic Nor Republican; It Is Strictly Independent in Politics and Therein Lies Its Great Power, Influence and Strength; Its Editor in 1916 Did Not Vote for Hon. Charles E. Hughes or Hon. Woodrow Wilson for President of the United States. THE WRITER HAS MANY FRIENDS IN THE BRUNDAGE, THE DENEEN AND THE THOMPSON FACTIONS OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY AND FRIENDS IN THE SULLIVAN AND THE HARRISON WINGS OF THE DEMOCRATIC PARTY AND NO BITTER FIGHTS WILL BE WAGED AGAINST THE VARIOUS CANDIDATES, SEEKING THE VOTES OF THE PEOPLE AT PRIMARIES, WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER 11th, AS LONG AS THEY ARE OUTWARDLY FRIENDLY DISPOSED TOWARDS THE COLORED RACE: THE DENEEN CAMP OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY HAVE BROUGHT FORTH THEIR CANDIDATES FOR JUDGES OF THE MUNICIPAL COURT. THE HARRISON, DUNNE, O'CONNELL END OF THE DEMOCRATIC PARTY HAVE PLACED THEIR COUNTY TICKET IN THE FIELD. HON. FRED W. BLOCKI SELECTED TO MAKE THE RACE FOR COUNTY TREASURER. HON. JOHN E. OWENS WILL BUCK UP AGAINST HON. THOMAS F. SCULLY FOR JUDGE OF THE COUNTY COURT. Once more we desire to state for those who are absolutely ignorant pertaining to the true mission or the real function of the newspaper, that THE BROAD AX is neither Democratic or Republican; that it is strictly independent in politics, that it never has in the past and it never will in the future knowingly support any candidate for a public office who is unfriendly towards the Colored race, it makes not the slightest difference to us whether he is a loud mouthed shouting Republican or a ranting unwashed Democrat, they both look alike to us if they are not true blue Americans and lovers of all the sons and daughters of humanity. It was stated over and over again in the columns of the leading Colored newspapers throughout the United States in 1916, that the Hon. Charles E. Hughes, the Republican candidate for president of the United States, was very cold towards all Colored people—that in fact he did not entertain a very high opinion of them and that he had no use for them except to secure the votes so that he would be able to ride into power and honor on their backs; under those conditions we could not see our way clear to record our votes in favor of the elo- On the other hand the Hon. Woodrow Wilson, the first part of November 1914, after more than six hundred thousand Colored men had followed the advice of the late Bishop Alexander Matters and voted for Mr. Wilson for president in 1912, President Wilson in his famous running interview at the White House with Editor William Monroe Trotter of Boston, Mass., requested him to return to his home and inform the Colored people throughout the country through the columns of his newspaper to vote against him in 1916, so we passed him up at the presidential election in 1916. As stated above the writer has many friends belonging to the Brundage, the Deneen; and the Thompson factions of the Republican party and friends training with the Sullivan and the Harrison wings of the Democratic party and no bitter fights will be made in these columns on any of the worthy candidates seeking the votes of the people in this state, city and county at the primaries Wednesday, September 11th. The followers of Hon. Charles S. Deneen have at last ground out the Neither Democrat ent in Politics e and Strength on. Charles E. ident of the U candidates for Judges of the Municipal Court and they are as follows: Chief justice—Harry Olson, Twenty-fifth ward. Associate justices—Daniel P. Trude, Sixth ward; Leo L. Brunhild, Sixth ward; Arnold Heap, Fourteenth ward; Michael F. Girten, Thirty-first ward; Louis Pinderski, Twenty-seventh ward; William N. Gemmill, Sixth ward; John F. Tyrrell, Thirty-fifth ward; George B. Holmes, Thirty-second ward; Earl C. Hales, Thirty-first ward; William W. Maxwell, Second ward. For the Uhir vacancy, Otto L. Kolar, Thirty-fourth ward. "We never have started into a fight of any kind, primary or otherwise, with a finer organization than we have here tonight," was the statement of former Gov. Deneen. "This is the best battling contingent, in my judgement, that ever has been put together in Cook county Republican politics." Committees Named. Details of the machinery for conduct of the primary contest were completed by the naming of the executive committee, the managing committee, and of the committees on organization, publicity, and halls and speakers. Mr. Deneen is to be the executive head of the organization, with this managing committee: Roy O. West, Thomas J. Healy, Edward R. Litzinger, Joseph F. Haas, Neils Juul, Joseph F. Kinsella, Lewis D. Sitts, John F. Devine, Henry D. Capitain, and Joseph Macauley. All the candidates on the Deneen slate were present and spoke. Headquarters are to be opened this morning on the fifth floor of Hotel Morrison. The Anti-Sullivan Democrats have placed the following ticket in the field to be voted for at the primaries September 11th: Sherif, John P. Gibbons, Sixth ward; County Treasurer, Fred W. Blocki, Twenty-fifth ward; County Clerk, Richard J. McGrath, Seventeenth ward; County Judge, John E. Owens, Thirteenth ward; Probate Judge, Henry Horner, Third ward; Clerk Probate Court, Roy Barnett, Twenty-fifth ward; Clerk Criminal Court, James Hyland, Thirty-second ward; Members Board of Assessors, Michael Rossnberg, Thirty-fourth ward, Joseph Pionki, Twenty-fourth ward; President County Board, Frank Eagen, Twenty-ninth ward; Chief Justice Municipal Court, Michael F. Sullivan, Eighteenth ward; Clerk Municipal Court, Dennis Horan, Eleventh ward; Balliff Municipal Court, George McGuirn, Fourteenth ward. The Harrison Democrats acted very wisely in placing Hon. Fred W. Blocki and Hon. John E. Owens on the ticket, for they are both well and favorably known and they will put up highly interesting fights against their opponents Democratic N itics and T ength; Its E. Hughe the United S The courteous, hon candidate for th Charles W. Peters, Republican candidate for Sheriff of Cook county, is 59 years of age. He was educated in the public schools of this city, after which he took a three years' course in the Metropolitan Business College. He entered the employ of the Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific Railroad in the Treasurer's Office in 1876, the Northwestern National Bank in 1880; was appointed a Deputy Sheriff under Canut R. Mattson in 1886, reappointed by James H. Gilbert in 1890, promoted to Chief Deputy by James Pease, Sheriff, in 1894 and has been reappointed Chief Deputy by all sheriffs elected since that time. Mr. Peters was a member and served for a number of years in Troop A of the First Illinois Cavalry. He is also a member of the Veteran Corps of that organization. He belongs to the Rogers Park Defense League, is also a member of many fraternal, social and other organizations. Chief among them are The Golden Rule Lodge A. F. & A. M., Wiley M. Egan Chapter Royal Arch Masons, Chicago Commandery Knights Templar, Medinah Temple Mystic Shrine, Arion Council Royal League No. 11, Mrs. George F. Harding, wife of State Senator George Harding, Jr., has for the past seven months been confined to the Presbyterian Hospital, hovering between life and death. Every night for many weeks Senator Harding has spent his time at the Hospital anxiously waiting and watching the outcome of the T.P.E.U. 94 The courteous, honest and popular public servant of the people and Republican candidate for the nomination for Sheriff of Cook County. MR. CHARLES W. PETERS Pistakee Yacht Club, Wicker Park English Lutheran Church, and the Men's Club of the St. Paul Ev. Lutheran Church. Mr. and Mrs. Peters reside in a lovely home at 1708 Kenilworth Avenue, Rogers Park, and they are the proud and happy parents of two lovely and highly accomplished daughters. One was united in marriage to Mr. H. B. Wilco and the other one to Mr. John D. Erickson, each having three bright and highly interesting children. It can be truthfully said to the great credit of Mr. Peters that for more than twenty-five years he has creditably served as Chief Deputy Sheriff of Cook county. That during all of those years he has run or conducted the affairs of the Sheriff's office in the minutest detail; that all of those years the citizens of this city and of Cook county can point with pride to the self evident fact that no scandal of any kind has wrapped its alimy tail around the sheriff's office, which speaks volumes for the executive ability and the far sightedness of Mr. Peters' who is honest through and through, to the backbone. Mr. Peters freely lets it be known, serious illness of his constant and devoted wife. The thousands of friends of Senator Harding in all walks of life in this city, greatly sympathize with him at this time and earnestly hope that Mrs. Harding will gradually be restored to good health, so that she will be able to enjoy the comforts of her pleasant home. that he is the servant of the people and not their political masters; that Democrats, Republicans and those of other political faiths, White and Colored, the rich or the poor, the high or the low, have always received the same treatment or consideration from his hands in the Sheriff's office; that for thirty years as a public servant, he has never known any one by their religious creed or lack of religion. It might be well to state at this time, that every Colored man in Cook county should not hesitate for one minute in recording his vote in favor of the nomination of Mr. Peters, for sheriff, for he has the backbone to enforce the laws at all times and with men like him in the Sheriff's office, there will be no danger of any race riots occurring in this city or county like those that occurred in St. Clair county at East St. Louis, Ill., for he would swear in the proper kind of deputy sheriffs who would be in sympathy with his broad catholic spirit and who would assist to protect the lives and the property of all the citizens alike, regardless of their color or nationality, throughout Cook county. J. N. Blackshear, 3815 Vernon avenue, who is one of the most accurate and reliable clerks in the Board of Local Improvements, states that "his breast expanded very wide with race pride while he was engaged in reading his copy of the last issue of The Broad Ax, which was brim full of highly interesting news." [Image of a man in a suit with a tie, looking slightly to the right. The background is dark and indistinct.] Well known among the legal profession of Chicago as "Habeas Corpus" Anderson, Republican candidate for member of the legislature of this State from the Third Senatorial District of Illinois. Mf. W. G. Anderson, who is well known to the people of Chicago for the many habeas corpus and criminal trials won by him, including the celebrated Captain George Wellington Streeter habeas corpus case, when he single-handed secured the release of the captain from the Joliet penitentiary under a life sentence, the Jack Dennison murder case, the Essie Stewart murder case, the Jack Johnson $300,000 bail bond case, the celebrated Steve Green extradition case, and hundreds of others which brought him much fame, is being pushed by his many friends as a candidate for representative of the third senatorial district, to succeed the Hon. Major Robert R. Jackson, recently elected alderman. Two years ago Mr. Anderson was a candidate for the same office, and as the result of the fight Mr. Anderson had the largest number of votes next to the two successful candidates, the result being as follows: Jackson, 1st, elected; Schulz, 2d, elected; W. G. Anderson, 3d; William L. Martin, 4th; Mr. Koon, 5th; David Robinson, 6th. And although not having any representatives at the polls on primary election day, Mr. Anderson polled 1400 votes. On account of the hard fight Mr. Anderson made in the court on injunction proceedings as attorney for the "wets" against Mayor Thompson two years ago, when the Mayor closed the saloons on Sunday, it is expected that the "wets" of the district will line up pretty strongly for Mr. Anderson, as the national prohibition amendment comes up before the Illinois legislature at its next session for ratification or rejection. Mr. Anderson is well-known as a race man and has done much for his people. Four years ago he got out a writ of habeas corpus before Judge Tuthill and, with the aid of Attorney Ed. Wright and Dr. Carey, saved poor Steve Green, who had killed his plantation boss down in Arkansas (who had fitted at Green because Green was leaving the plantation to better his condition, and Steve Green fired back in self-defense), from going back to Arkansas to be burned at the stake. This case, which attracted much attention at the time, is still fresh in the memory of the citizens of Chicago. The sheriff of Arkansas had gotten Steve Green out of Chicago and as far as Cairo, where he was taken off the train by the sheriff of Cairo, in response to telegraphic instruction from the sheriff of Cook county, acting under Judge Tuthill's writ of habeas corpus, and after a hot fight before Judge Tuthill, lasting nearly ten days, Mr. Anderson and Mr. Wright had Steve Green discharged, and Mr. Green is a free man today. He also saved Mrs. Mary Howard on a writ of habeas corpus from going back to Tennessee for stealing five chickens valued at $2.50. The sheriff had come all the way here from Nashville, Tennessee to Chicago to bring her back. Judge Dever issued a writ of habeas corpus for Mr. Anderson and he again scored a big point. Later on the Chicago Examiner sent Mr. Anderson to oppose the electrocution of Virginia Christian, sen- tenced to be electrocuted at Richmond, Va., for the alleged killing of her mistress. On account of the youth of the girl—17 years old—and the fact that she was half-witted, the Chicago Examiner took an interest in her case and sent W. G. Anderson down to Richmond, Va., to plead with Governor Mann for her life, and although the undertaking was a very serious one—going south to oppose the electrocution of a Negro girl charged with killing her White employer —Mr. Anderson bravely went there, at the risk of his life, and pleaded for one solid hour with the governor to save the life of the girl. The many friends of Mr. Anderson urge him for the legislature, believing that he has the undisputed ability to properly fill the office of representative with credit to himself and honor to his people, and to cope with the many questions which will come up at the next session of the legislature affecting our people's interests. The fight is expected to grow hotter as the campaign advances, and The Broad Ax will watch the future developments of the campaign with much interest and give credit where credit is due. Mr. Anderson was born in New Orleans, La., forty-seven years ago, but he has lived in Chicago since he became twelve years old, most of which time in the Second Ward. The Broad Ax takes pleasure in reproducing the subjoined article published under date of June 1st, last, with reference to the candidacy of W. G. Anderson, who is gaining much headway in his fight for nomination as one of the two State Representatives in the Third Senatorial District of Illinois. W. G. Anderson, who has heretofore won great fame as an expert habeas corpus and criminal court lawyer, an account of whose candidacy The Broad Ax published on June 1, was lucky enough to draw third place on the official ballot for State Representative. Herman F. Schultz of the Fourth Ward drawing first place, Dell Roberts of the Second, second place and W. G. Anderson of the Second Ward, third place. In all nine men offer themselves to the voters of the Third Senatorial District for the two positions to be voted on by the people on Sept. 11th—five Colored men and four Whites, the order of filing, nationality of each candidate and position on official ballot on Sept. 11th being as follows: 1. Herman F. Schultz, German, 4th ward. 2. A. H. Roberts, Colored, 2nd ward. 3. W. G. Anderson, Colored, 2nd ward. 4. Warren Douglas, Colored, 2d ward. 5. E. G. Arnold, White, 1st ward. 6. E. A. Munger, White, 3rd ward. 7. James Simma, Colored, 2nd ward. 8. E. C. Arthur, White, 3rd ward. 9. D. R. Robinson, Colored, 2nd ward. Ex-Alderman DePriest has two entries from his faction—Douglas and Simma, but the wise ones of the 2nd ward say that the fight is really between Roberts, Anderson and Douglas for the THE BROAD AX, CHICAGO, JULY 27, 1918 M. H. two positions to be filled—Schulz being eliminated from all consideration. Anderson is conceded to have a good chance of being one of the two elected. Two years ago Mr. Anderson ran well in a field of six against heavy odds. To open up the campaign the friends of Mr. Anderson give a SMOKER in his honor at Odd Fellows Hall, 3335 State street, on Wednesday, August 7th, 8:30 p. m., to which the public is invited and at which Mr. Anderson's friends are expected to pass a pleasant evening smoking clear Havanas while toasting to his health and success on Sept. 11th. A number of Chicago's leading business men are down on the program for 3-minute speeches on that occasion. Mr. Anderson's campaign headquarriers are at 3231 Street street. "C" MRS. JOHN R. MARSHALL AND MISS ESSIE ARNOLD DELIGHT- FULLY ENTERTAINED IN HONOR OF MRS. BURT A. WILLIAMS. On Sunday afternoon, Mrs. John R. Marshall, 3630 Calumet Avenue, assisted by Miss Essie Arnold were at home in honor of Mrs. Burt A. Williams, wife of America's most noted comedienne, and a native of Chicago. Mrs. Marshall and Mrs. Williams received about one hundred and fifty of Chicago's elite and the hostess as well as the guest of honor were delightfully charmed at the great gathering of so many old friends. Mrs. Marshall and Miss Arnold were assisted by Mrs. David M. Manson, Mrs. Edw. Odem, Mrs. Spencer C. Dickerson, Mrs. J. F. Carlisle and Misses Vivian G. Marsh and Rene Branham. The house was beautifully decorated with an abundance of pink roses and all present expressed themselves as having a most delightful afternoon. THE FOSTER PHOTO PLAY CO MADE GOOD IN THEIR, COM MERCIAL REVIEW AT THE GRAND THEATER LAST SATUR- DAY EVENING. On Saturday evening, July 20, after the second show at the Grand Theater, 31st and State street, had come to an end, the Foster Photo Play Co. held forth on the scenes from 11 o'clock until one o'clock—and the main part of the house was well filled with many of the most prominent colored men and women in this city, who were anxious to behold the commercial review of pictures of the leading places of business conducted by the Colored people in this city; more than five hundred pictures of well known Colored people and buildings owned by them passed in review. Prior to the commercial review there were short addresses by Messrs. Ellis, Clack and Jackson. There was also music and a vaudeville show. Wm. C. Linton was manager of the whole affair and on the whole it was highly interesting. NEWLY ELECTED OFFICERS OF THE NATIONAL / ASSOCIATION OF COLORED WOMEN. The Mortgage on the Frederick Douglass Home at Washington, D. C. Cleared Up. The following are the newly elected officers of the National Association of Colored Women's Clubs which recently met at Denver, Colorado, and before its sessions ended Mrs. Mary B. Talbert stated; that the mortgage on the home of the late Frederick Douglass, Washington, D. C., had been lifted and it was burned up right there in the presence of all the delegates and spectators. The home is valued at $65,000, and from henceforth, it will be the headquarters for the National Association of Colored Women. President, Mary B. Talbert, N. Y.; Vice President at Large, Miss Hallie Q. Brown, O.; Chairman of Ex. Board, Miss Georgia Nugent, Ky.; Cor. Sec., Miss Robert Dunbar, R. I.; 1st Rec. Sec., Mrs. C. H. Brown, N. C.; 2nd Rec. Sec., Mrs. Alice Webb, Colorado; 3d Rec. Sec., Mrs. T. Macon, Chicago; Organizer, Mrs. Ruth Bennet, Pa.; Treas., Mrs. C. R. M. C. Dowd, Mo.; Auditor, Mrs. J. C. Napier, Tenn.; Ch. Ways and Means, Mrs. Dett, N. Y.; Parliamentarian, Mrs. Minnie Scott, O.; Statistician, Mrs. Mapps, Wash.; Chapain, Mrs. Dorcas Watson, Colo.; Ch. of Printing, Mrs. M. E. Steward, Ky.; Editor-in-Chief, Mrs. Booker T. Washington; Ch. of Legislation and Law, Mrs. J. B. Rush, Iowa. Eleven trustees for Douglass Home were elected. Mrs. Mary B. Talbert was selected as a life member of the Trustee Board. Other trustees were Miss Nannie H. Burroughs, Miss Hallie Q. Brown, Miss E. C. Carter, Mrs. J. C. Napier, Mrs. J. Horton, Mrs. Mary F. Waring, Mrs. S. Joe Brown, Dr. A. Grimpky, Mrs. Addie Dickerson, Mrs. Booker T. Washington. The next meeting, 1920, will be at Tuskegee Institute Silver Jubilee. THE LEGISLATIVE VOTERS' LEAGUE SOUNDS THE PRAISE OF HON. BENJAMIN LUCAS. The Sunday morning newspapers of July 21 contained the full report of the Legislative Voters' League in relation to the retiring members of the Legislature of Illinois and its referred to Hon. Benjamin H. Lucas in the following manner: "Benjamin H. Lucas, representative (Rep.); insurance, 2336 S. Dearborn street, Chicago. Ending his first term. One of the best representatives that the colored race has had in the legislature. His general voting record was good and with experience he should make a very useful member." The many friends of Mr. Lucas feel mighty proud of the splendid record that he made in the last Legislature of this state. [Name] MR. EDWARD D. GREEN Father of the Anti-Mob bill of Illinois; Secretary of the Pythian Temple Commission; strong supporter of Mayor William Hale Thompson for United States Senator and Republican candidate for the nomination for the Legislature from the First Senatorial district of Illinois. Mr. Green is so well known to the people of this city and throughout the state of Illinois that he does not need any long introduction to the many readers of this paper. He has resided in Chicago since the early 80's and he has worked himself up from the most humble surroundings and beginnings, until today he is one of the most prominent characters among the Colored people in the state of Illinois. For some years he has honorably served as secretary of the Pythian Temple Commission. In 1904 Mr. Green was elected to the legislature from the first senatorial district of Illinois and during the session of that body he secured the passage of his Anti-Mob Bill or Law, which has become a permanent part of the organic laws of this state, and among its provisions the governor has the right to remove any sheriff who permits mob and lynch law to prevail in his county, and Governor Charles S. Deneen removed Sheriff Davis, of Alexander county, for permitting a Colored man to be mobbed and lynched while in his charge. Mr. Green's Anti-Mob Bill holds the county liable for the destruction of property during the reign of mob and lynch law, and the people of Sangamon county in 1908 were forced to pay many thousands of dollars to the victims of the mob, who resided in Springfield at that time. As Mr. Green is deeply interested in McCORMICK-BRUNDAGE FORCES READY FOR BIG DRIVE IN SECOND WARD. On Tuesday evening, July 23d, there was a special meeting of the Executive Committee of the McCormick-Brundage organization of the Second Ward. Every precinct was represented or accounted for. Commencing Sunday, July 28th, at 3 o'clock, and every Sunday afternoon thereafter, patriotic meetings will be held at regular headquarters, 3440 South State street. Speakers of national reputation will address the meetings from time to time. On Sunday afternoon noted speakers will address the big meeting on current topics. A monster musical program will be rendered. At the Tuesday evening meeting of the Brundage organization of the Second Ward, the Hon. Ben. M. Thomas, Assistant Attorney-General of Illinois, was indorsed for Judge of the Municipal Court. Mr. Thomas is a prominent lawyer of known ability, and if elected will be a credit to the bench of Chicago. Miss Frances Green, who has been visiting her sister, Miss Marion Green, left for her home, in Galesburg, Ill., last Friday evening. Her stay here lasted over a period of four weeks. secretary of the Pythian Temple Commission; Hale Thompson for United States Senator nomination for the Legislature from the First every thing or movement for the advancement and the protection of the Colored race, it goes without saying that he will be nominated and elected to the legislature from the first senatorial district of Illinois. Aside from securing the passage of his Anti-Mob Bill, Mr. Green and the late Maj. John C. Buckner, had the Civil Rights Bill, amended, which follows, Mr. Green adding on that part in relation to ice cream parlors, soda fountains, cemetery lots for the burial of the dead. §1. That all persons within the jurisdiction of said State of Illinois shall be entitled to the full and equal enjoyment of the accommodation, advantages, facilities and privileges of inns, restaurants, eating houses, hotels, soda fountains, saloons, barber shops, bath rooms, theaters, skating rinks, concerts, cafes, bicycles (bicycle) rinks, elevators, ice cream parlors or rooms, railroads, omnibuses, stages, street cars, boats, funeral hearses and public conveyances on land and water, and all other places of public accommodation and amusement, subject only to the conditions and limitations established by law and applicable alike to all citizens; nor shall there be any discrimination on account of race or color in the price to be charged and paid for lots or graves in any cemetery or place for burying the dead, but the price to be charged and paid for lots in any cemetery or place of burying the dead shall be applicable alike to all citizens of every race and color. Approved June 5, 1911. MOORFIELD STOREY FOR COLORED LIBERTY FIGHT. N. A. A. C. P.'s National President Volunteers Endorsement of Colored Inaugurating Movements for Rights of Citizenship. (Special to The Broad Ax.) Boston, Mass.—Great interest has been taken here in the attitude of Hon. Moorfield Storey as expressed by himself toward the National Colored Liberty Congress which called 115 delegates to Washington from 30 states and at the close of a whole week's sessions with five nightly mass meetings had a race petition presented to Congress and entered in the records of the House asking for the enforcement of democracy for Colored Americans. The interest was the greater because of Dr. Dubois' editorial in the Crisis against agitation in war time and the attempt of Major Spingarn to prevent the Congress. Without being consulted at all Mr. Storey sent the following letter to the Executive Secretary: 755 Exchange Building. Boston, Mass., July 8, 1918. Dear Mr. Trotter: I congratulate you on the success of your Liberty Congress. Persevere. "Who would be free himself must strike the blow." Sincerely yours, (Signed) M. STOREY. I HON. JOHN E. OWENS Former Judge of the County Court, who and throughout Cook County who w nomination and re-election to his foe COLORED NURSES ARE TO BE USED IN ARMY CAMPS. Former Judge of the County Court, who has thousands of warm friends in this city and throughout Cook County who will be with him in his present fight for the nomination and re-election to his former position. Orders issued by the War Department makes opening for hundreds at six base hospitals in this country. Many may go overseas. War Department, Washington, D. C., July 25.—(Special to The Broad Ax.) Orders were issued today by the War Department to the office of the Surgeon General, which will enable Colored nurses who have been registered by the American Red Cross Society, to render service for their own race in the Army. Colored nurses will be assigned to the base hospitals now established at Camp Funston, Fort Biley, Kan.; Camp Grant, Rockford, Ill.; Camp Dodge, Des Moines, Ia.; Camp Taylor, Louisville, Ky.; Camp Sherman, Chillicothe, Ohio, and Camp Dix, Wrightstown, N. J. At these camps a total of about 38,000 colored troops are stationed. General Pershing has been asked by cable whether the services of Colored nurses can be utilized to advantage among the American Expeditionary Forces. Dr. R. L. Douglass, 4651 So. State Street, was a visitor to Evanston recently, where he stopped with his aunt, Mrs. A. Rudolph Penn. James A. Scott, ex-assistant state attorney of Cook County, feels dead sure that he will be elected to congress from the First Congressional District of Illinois. Miss Cora Wright, 4714 Evans Ave., was confined to her home a few days last week with a severe summer cold. She is convalescing- and will soon be out again. CHIPS no has thousands of warm friends in this city will be with him in his present fight for the former position. E State Street. She was attended by Dr. Majors, and revived after a long spell of unconsciousness. At last report she is doing nicely. Lawyer J. P. Harden of Indianapolis, Ind., was in the city for a few days this week attending to legal business and called at the office of Lawyer Samuel Z. C. Westerfield. He was a candidate for Judge in a recent election in Indianapolis and ran third highest on the ticket receiving more than 4,000 votes. Captain Nicholas Hunt, who was for many years head of the police department in the Hyde Park District and who was always a terror to the evil doers and the criminal element, has for some years past been the head and the front of the Shippy-Hunt International Detective Agency, suite 1301 to 1304 City Hall Square Building, and his agency successfully transacts business in all parts of the United States, extending into the old world. By Charles Stewart, Jr. A Tiny Tot wedding was given at Hope Presbyterian Church, Sixty-first street and Loomis boulevard, Thursday evening. A number of those who took part were as follows: Miss Sherley C. Perry was bride, who is four years of age; groom was Master George B. Warren, who is five years of age; Emanual Moreau, best man; Elizabeth Motley, ring bearer; Helen Anderson, maid of honor; Alexandria Cobb, matron of honor; Miss Frankie M. Curtis and Master Rodney Smith, Bernice Crusor and Herbert Bowman. Mrs. J. W. Blackwell, of 1210 W. 63d street, entertained with a theater party in honor of Mrs. John Wilson of Los Angeles, Cal., who is stopping with Mrs. Henry T. Smith, 6028 Aberdeen street. Those present besides the hostess and guest of honor were, Mrs. H. Smith, Mr. and Mrs. William Macintyre, Mrs. Ollis McKenzie and Mrs. Wm. Jones. Mrs. Grant Clemens, 5640 Wabash avenue, gave a luncheon for Mrs. Wilson, the covers were laid for six. Mrs. J. H. Porter also gave a luncheon for Mrs. Wilson. Berean Baptist Sunday School, Fifty-second and Dearborn streets, announces their picnic Saturday, August 3d at Washington Park. All friends are invited to attend this picnic. Chicago society extends a hearty welcome to Mrs. J. C. Overton, wife of Dr. Overton, of Greenville, Miss. Mrs. Overton is the guest of Mrs. Lampton Forrest, 5767 Lafayette avenue. A reception was given Thursday by Mrs. Davis for Miss Roberta Dunbar at the Phyllis Wheatly home, 3256 Rhodes avenue. NEWS ITEMS. THE BROAD AX, CHICAGO, JULY 27, 1918 CHARLES E. STUMP, WHO HAILS FROM KANSAS, AFTER "NOSING" AROUND IN CHICAGO, LIT OUT FOR POINTS IN ARKANSAS AND OTHER POINTS IN THE SOUTHERN STATES. Texarkana, Ark.-The world continues to move and it would seem that I am moving with it, but not so fast as the world, yet I am doing my part. I am praying and working all in my power to help my country win this war, and when we win I am going to shout all over the United States, and I will have a right to shout. Of course you know I have been to Chicago, and I have had a few things there to cheer me up. I was greatly inspired. I had the pleasure of shaking hands with Editor Taylor, and he made me feel like that I was some pumpkins. He told me how well pleased he was with my efforts, and told me if I kept it up I would make a real newspaper man in twenty years from now, for which I desire to thank him and say that I am going to keep on trying, sink or swim. I am praying the Lord to let me live twenty years. There were many things in Chicago to claim my attention. I had the pleasure of getting around a little July 4, meeting some of the people and going with my private secretary to see the natural sights of the town. Then Sunday morning I went to the Institutional Church, and Dr. Carey was having a drive there. I have heard of drives, but I tell you them people did put some money on the table for the church work. They are getting ready to meet some debts and then getting ready for conference which is to meet in September in Evanston, Ill. I hope to be there. Dr. Carey has the indorsement of the whole country, and it strikes me that he is going to be a bishop in 1920. After getting around in Chicago and meeting the young reporter on the Broad Ax, Charles Stewart, Jr., I got myself together and started for another part of the world. It was 1 o'clock Monday night when I shook hands with my private secretary, and made it to the stable where I got on the Rock Island road trains for Peoria where I changed after a hard night's sleep, getting up out of the bed car in the town, and then changed over to another for Canton, where was to meet the Wood River Baptist Sunday school convention. I reached the place about 9 o'clock and the Rev. F. W. Penick and others were there to meet me, and told me that I was to stop at the parsonage, which was next door to the church. I was received by the president and others, and then Mrs. Florence Cook, of Quincy, invited me to go to the country for supper. This invitation was accepted, and in company with Mrs. Cook, Mrs. Alberta McKinzie, of East St. Louis, Mrs. Hattie Wells of Champaign, and Rev. Dykes of Quincy, the trip was made, and I don't know when I have seen so much chicken piled up on a table. I returned to the parsonage, in time for the night services, and I tell you that I put my hat up and didn't see it any more until Friday, thus you see I was stuck to the convention, going to the church to my room, and all meals were served in the church. Rev. Penick is a young misister and is making his way to the front. He comes from the Virginia Theological Seminary and college, Lynchburg, and in Canton he has just made a place for himself and the race. He has the respect of the White people to the extent that they opened the doors to entertain the delegates as well as our own people, and the mayor was represented with an address of welcome, and the Rev. Dr. McKee, pastor of the First Baptist church, not only delivered an address of welcome, but showed us that he meant every word of it, for his home was open, his church was open, and the closing session of the convention was held in the First Baptist Church, and fully 500 White people were out and a large number of our own people. The closing address was delivered by Charles Stewart, of Chicago, and it was one patriotic address. I will not be able to tell you all about it this time. We are proud of our Rev. Penick and the work he is doing there in that city. I had the pleasure of meeting some of the best Sunday school workers, such as Mrs Penick, Miss Elizabeth Smith, of Quincy; Miss Florence Pamplin, of Danville, Ill.; Miss Roger Williams, a little girl 13 years old and one of the brightest girls I have ever met, she is indeed interesting; Rev. E. H. Borden, Rev. G. C. Mason, Rev. W. H. Snowden, of Springfield, Rev. Emanuel, Rev. Porter, of Springfield, and many others. Mrs. Eva Welcum-Carter had me go out Friday night with her to the Country Club where she was stopping and where I met two of the finest young people I have ever known, Mr. and Mrs. Ulysses S. Shoots, the steward of the Club. He is a wholesale and wholesoul man. I was indeed proud to see him and meet his entertaining wife. Now then I got away from there, and turned my attention to other things, going to Galesburg, to speak for the Rev. W. B. M. Scott, pastor of the Second Baptist Church. He has gone to Camp Taylor to prepare for chaplain in the United States army. We all wish him well, and a special prayer was offered for him. He was happy, but at last had to cry. I told him it was not the place of a soldier. Galesburg is a beautiful little city, and they have some live people, there. It was a pleasure for me to be there and ride around in the automobile of John Brown, drawn by a beautiful horse he called Angel Face. Off to St. Louis, saw that fine building being erected by the Porc college. It is some fine building, and the people are all proud of it. I will have to enter into details later. One day spent in St. Louis, one day in Newport, Ark., one day in Little Rock, a trip out to Camp Pike, where so many of our young men are getting ready for war. Have you ever been in a home when the son was leaving for war! It is a sad scene. I was in the home of Dr. Joseph A. Booker, president of the Arkansas Baptist college, and secretary of the Home Mission Board of the National Baptist convention. It was their oldest son Robert, the lawyer, who was called to colors. The mother went down town with him the day before his departure getting some little things for him. But in the morning when he had to leave you could see them all wiping their eyes. They told him good-bye, but of course they will get to see him again before he leaves for France or some other port, because he has gone to Camp Pike. He will have the pleasure of dropping in to see them again, and that will renew their sadness, especially when it is getting near the time for them to leave for the hold country. He is a brilliant, brave young man, and I am sure that he will win promotions. He will win a commission and even before he goes to France. I shall say more later. Have you heard about the North Carolina Mutual and Provident Association of Durham, North Carolina? It is the wealthiest company now operated by us. John Merrick is president and C. C. Spaulding is vice-president and general manager and A. M. Moore, M. D., is secretary and treasurer. Three strong men and business men. This company has for some time been operating in North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Virginia, District of Columbia, and now it has gone right in Tennessee with Ira T. Bryant, general agent for the state. They will write in that state policies from five dollars to five thousand. We are happy when we see our people doing these things. I failed to tell you that I made a hike from Little Rock to Pine Bluff, then to the place where I am as I write to you this week, but I will soon be from here going to Texas. I hope to send you a few lines from Texas. I am going back to Camp Pike next week and from there will go to Newport, Ark., to spend another day with Prof. E. P. Wheeler, a young man who graduated from the Arkansas Baptist college, went to work as carrier in the post office and he holds the position today. I must stop now until next time. Boys, make money selling specialties and novelties during spare time. Write National Specialty Company, 40 Sun Building, Jackson, Mish-Adv. TPEU 74 HON. FRED W. BLOCKI President of the Board of Review; loyal and patriotic citizen and the people's candidate for nomination for treasurer of Cook County President of the Board of Review; loyal and patriotic citizen and the people's candidate for nomination for treasurer of Cook County BRILLIANT SOCIAL FUNCTION. Society turned out En Masse to the "At Home" of Mr. & Mrs. F. L. Barnett in honor of their son and daughter-in-law, Mr. & Mrs. H. K. Barnett and their sister, Mrs. Lillian M. Daniels and her son William of Oakland, California. Upwards of 500 of the representative citizens of Chicago and their families were there besides many strangers all of whom showered congratulations upon the newly-weds and extended bon voyage to Mrs. Daniels who leaves for her home in the west Thursday, August 1st, after a delightful six weeks' visit. Among the out of town guests were Miss Digleigh Stewart of New York City, accompanied by Alderman and Mrs. L. B. Anderson; Mrs. Herbert Clark of Muskogee, Oklahoma; Prof. F. G. Smith, Principal of the Nashville High School and his wife; Miss Mary G. Campbell of Washington, D. C.; Miss Moorehead of Owensboro, Ky.; Mr. J. Prescott of New Orleans, La.; Mrs. Mattson, Galveston, Texas; Mrs. and Miss Brandon and Mrs. Randolph of Huntsville, Alabama; Mrs. Wilson of Pittsburg, Pa.; Mrs. Chas. G. Myers and niece of Baltimore, Maryland; and many others too numerous to mention. Mr. and Mrs. Barnett were assisted in receiving by their son Sergeant C. A. Barnett and daughters Ida and Alfreda, Miss Henderson, Mrs. Davis, mother of the bride and Misses Genevieve and Olga Davis, sisters of the bride. Despite the hot weather and the crowded house everyone pronounced it the most delightful affair of the season. Assistant Attorney-General James G. Cotter is making good as manager of the McCormick-Brundage campaign in the Second Ward. He is wide awake, having collected a formidable array of followers for the big Republican state from top to bottom. All the big wise politicians are now setting up and taking notice. Quinn Chapel Sunday School will hold its annual picnic, Saturday, July 27th, at Lincoln Park. Amusements of all kinds will be afforded and also plenty of rich food will grace the tables of those present. 1920 WILLIAM H. CLARK EIPEU 174 and patriotic citizen and the people's can- treasurer of Cook County ILLINOIS CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION AND EXHIBIT, AUGUST 13, 14, 15, 1918 Wendel Phillips High School, 39th St, at Prairie Ave. The Illinois Centennial Celebration and Exhibit, August 13, 14, and 15, 1918 at Wendell Phillips High School, 39th Street at Prairie Avenue, Chicago, from noon until 10 P. M., given under the auspices of the Chicago Federation of Colored Women's Clubs, co-operating with the Illinois Centennial Commission, is going to be worth your attention. Make your plans so that you will be free to give your entire time and attention to the study of the exhibits and learn the many interesting things and matter of vital importance to the history of Illinois. The Federation women, under the able leadership of Mrs. Joanna Snowden-Porter, have perfected a most illuminating program. Each day and evening will portray the progress of the race in exhibit, music, dialogue and art, and the children, youth and more mature will strive for prizes of war savings stamps, thrift stamps and Liberty bonds. Demonstrations in war work will be a feature of the occasion. The celebration is designed to encourage pride in the state history of each particular group and enmasse, to excite a larger patriotic vision. The whole affair will find us at the end of the period, much better prepared to strive for world democracy and at the same time we hope the Federation will be substantially benefited so that it can accomplish its peculiar line of work during the period of the war. Admission, adults 25 cents and children, 10 cents, including war tax. Exhibit space can be obtained by addressing Mrs. J. Snowden-Porter, General Chairman, 3302 Rhodes Ave., Chicago, Phone, Douglas 1596—Adv. Mayor William Hale Thompson spoke at Quinn Chapel last Sunday on the occasion of the celebration of the 17th anniversary of the church. A huge rally was held which raised more than $3,000 for the benefit of the church. H. CLARK For State Senator from the First Senatorial Illinois PAGE THREE - The CRANFORD Apartment Building 3600 Wabash Avenue ee ee ee | finest building opened te Colored tenants in cage Decerteat cents Wehek che ke oat tee J. W. CASEY, Agent Phone Main 263 133 W. Washington Streot PaGE FOUR RESIDENCE. 3353 South Park Ave W. E. MOLLISON ATTORNEY asd COUNSELOR Suite-615 Hartford Bldg. PHONE: CENTRAL 6583 CHICAGO Office Phone S078 (Dourias) i sestacnce Prone, Dougias S179 ‘S. A. BEADLE Lawyer $2 SOUTH STATE STREET CHICAGO 3 ‘PHONE DOUGLAS mar ¢ Dr. Mac Enery J. Brown Peysicies ead Surrecs ‘Practice Limited to Diseases of the ‘Rye, Bar, Nese and Throat 1@ EAST 36th STREET seuaiitwsra CHICAGO BESIDEN@ ont pevdLas sae wi, J. LATHAM ATTORNEY AT LAW GPFICR PHONE: CALUMET aS 2 East 3ist Street Suite 7 . CHICAGO PIA Do 32 Megan, Frets JOHN J. DUNN ‘ESTABLISHED ism! Wholesale and Retail ' COAL ‘Pifty-First and Federal Strecis : ES romans sae saa ae Sierra EXELENTO Somnbe me har, end makes grow bg, sott end eee Ss. ———————————————eeEeEEEeeeee Cat Out This Subscription Blank and Mail it te /s $1.00 FOR 6 MONTHS RE SROAR AS soo Pen Yea , JULIUS F. TAYLOR. Please enter my same as @ subsertber to the AC en a ees Sees» toes eo é WA oso) 5 sepa ctircoceh Uisatieg aeeuaeee ae aah ak BO csi es eres: senso =i - AD o0 se 2. rey asinsns Residence, 1262 Macalister Place ‘Telephone Monroe i714 MILES J. DEVINE Attorney at Lew Grd oad Ween So CHICAGO PHONE MAIN 2214 Attorney at Law | 118 North La Salle Street Suite 45 te ois . CHICAGO | pp a oF Res. 95 Prakfe Ave Phene Doug. 0153 AUTOMATIC! ns A. L. WILLIAMS Attorney and Counselor at Law Suite 706 FIRMENICH BUILDING 1M West Washington Street ‘CHICAGO, RESIDENCE: 588 E. 36th STREET PHONE DOUGLAS 4997 J. Gray Lucas Attorney at Lew Suite 815 Hartford Bldg. 8S. Dearborn St. CHICAGO. PHONES: @FFICE, CENTRAL 6583 Residence, 4533 Prairie Avenue Re, Keweed WALTER M. FARMER SSGGREE Ls 8 NOTARY PUBLIC ‘Suite mS peas Sten San ae tes som CHICAGO ‘TELEPHONE WEST 4596 GET CALLS GIVEN PROMPT ATrErrion J. Frank Armstrong, B. S.,M.D. Physician and Surgeon HOURS: ‘Until 900 A.M. 3 to Sand 7009 P.M $30 e.nge FM aed Ur appetarment 1906 W. Lake Somat, ‘CHICAGO _ THE BROAD AX, CHICAGO, JULY 27, 1918 2 nn VOTE FOR & CHARLES W. PETERS CANDIDATE FOR SHERIFF REPUBLICAN PRIMARIES PRIMARY ELECTION, SEPTEMBER 11, 1918 Polis Open from 6 A.M. to 5 P.M. THE BROAD AX ‘Published Weekly SS vow In this city since July 15th, 1899, without missing one single issue, Bepub- Hieans, Democrats, Catholics, Protest- ‘ants, Single Taxers, Priests, infidels or anyone else can have their say as long as their language is proper and responsi- bility is fixed. ‘The Broad Ax is a newspaper whose platform is broad enough for all, ever claiming the editorial right to speak its own mind. ‘Local communications will receive attention. Write only on one side of the paper. Subscription must be paid in ad- vance. Advertising rates made known on application, Address all communications to ‘THE BROAD AX 6206 S. Elizabeth Street, Chicago, Ill. PHONE WENTWORTH 2507. JULIUS F. TAYLOR, Editor and ‘Publisher. Entered as Second-Class Matter Aug. 19,1902, at the Post Office at Chicago, Illinois, under Act of March 8, 1879. ee MASON FILES CANDIDACY FOR : CONGRESSMAN-AT-LARGE. . Springfield, Ill. — (Special) — Con- gressman-at-large William E. Mason of Chicago has filed his primary petition in the office of Secretary of State Em- merson. Other petitions filed are: Rep- resentative in General Assembly, Re- publican, 48th district, Samuel B. Thomas; Democrat, 19th distriet, Jerry MeCarthy, Chicago. ‘NEGRO FELLOWSHIP LEAGUE. Sunday, July 28th, will be Ladies’ Day at the Reading Room, 3005 8. State Street. Mrs. Georgia M.. Porter will have charge of the program and will preside, All members of the Negro Fel- lowship League are urged to be present and show their appreciation of the very fine program Mrs. Porter is preparing. NEGRO TOBACCO WORKERS RIDE IN OWN AUTOS. Baltimore, Ma.—(Special.)—The to- baceo erop in southern Maryland is so profitable this season that that section of the state is practically covered with a cloth of gold. Negro laborers are so well paid that many of them are riding in their own automobiles. ALPHA SUFFRAGE CLUB. ‘The Alpha Suffrage Club will hold its regular bi-monthly meeting at the Read- ing Room 3005 8. State Street Monday evening, July 29th, at 8 P.M. Mrs.-L. M. Covington, the president, desires especially to have all the members present. cn ‘Mrs. Mary F. Waring, one of the well Inown school teachers of this city, was elected one of the trustees of the Fred- erick” Douglass Home, Washington, D. ©, by the National Association of Colored Women, which met in Denver, Colo., recently. ‘ AsNearAs Your Telephone memeteueeris: Pog cao er dees, Too ten not only brings sorrow, but misfortune as well. Let ie paiceyou pay for a foneal be a Busines poporcs you will benefit by it in_service, quality and cost t5 in dollars and cents, The result of my campaign fe Balt fr me one of. the ngs ead now mepg Gack A Weng. Tans snd Money Grae pate of he Comty sod Aste Fema arent cxrered day or act Ernest H. Williamson, yg. Undertaker “75-267 5028 and 5030 S. StateSt, - - + - Chicago, 1 DECORATE GIVE SERVICE LOW RENT H. A. WATKINS REAL ESTATE AND INSURANCE RENTING A SPECIALTY 3510 Indiana Avenue PHONE DOUGLAS 17146 CHICAGO onIPS.” . Mra. M. W. Beadle, wife of Attorne} 8, A. Beadle, $502 8. State street, ar rived in Chicago recently from Jack: ‘son, Miss, and she has become the matron of the Y. W. 0. A., 3541 Indiana lavenue, Prior to coming to this city ‘Mrs. Beadle was = teacher of English literature at the Campbell College of the A. M. E. chureh and in every way she is fully qualified to discharge all the duties of that responsible position. ‘Miss Ethel Loving, of Elkton, Ken- tucky, who came to attend the General Conference of the C. M. E. church, has had a very delightful visit with friends and relatives here. She stopped’ with Mrs. Jennie Henry, 4656 South State Street, and also visited her uncle, Mr. Albert Loving. She left for her home on the 20th of the month and reports having had a very delightful visit while here. > sy 3 creme ae Smneens y f= Calumet 6164 =u @PEN DAY AND NIGHT The Emanuel Jackson Undertaking Co., Inc. 2959-61 South State Street Reliable Service Courteous Treatment Reaseanble Prices FREE CHAPEL IN CONNECTION Complete Line of Funeral Goods Autemebiles fer Hire Among the speakers at the first night session of the Chicago District A. M. E. Sunday School Convention, meeting in Quinn Chapel Church, was Attorney Samuel Z. C. Westerfield, who spoke on “Our Sundsy Sebool Boys in War, Re- ligious, Patriotic and Courageous.’? His ability as a true orator was disclosed on this oceasion and he gave vivid deserip- tions of the part our boys are taking in this great world conflict. The Elite Cafe AND BUFFET ‘Mrs. Gertrude Fowler, 23 E. 47th street, telephone operator in the City Attorney’s office in the City Hall, be- gins her two weeks’ vacation this com- ing Monday morning and on Tuesday morning © number a ladies will be her guests on a fishing party to Chicago Heights. Mrs. Fowler is actively in- terested in the extensive community garden at 47th street and 8. Wabash avenue and in the near future she promises to see to it that the writer will receive a large mess of green beans from her part of the garden. KNOW CHICAGO Study Black’s Blue Book, the Colored people’s busi- ness and professional directory and guide. Also churches, clubs, hotels, places to visit—everything et cea cae to BLACK’S BLUE BOOK COMPANY (6446 ST. LAWRENCE AVE. 2 ‘CHICAGO, mL WHEN ONE IS STRICKEN DEAF pee maceerenees Sv Coen powering, Gaye Writer. APPOMATTOX CLUB PICNIC Monday, Aug. 12, 1918 at NORTHWESTERN PARK The committee reserves the right to re- ject any person for improper conduct. chased at the Club, 3441 Wabash Ave, or from members of the Club. ‘The invartablé depression that comes with the beginning of deafness is strangely and intensely overpowering. It exists sometimes indefinitely. The word depression, as commonly used, admits of varied shades of meaning, writes Margaret Baldwin, in the At- lantic. It all but carries with it a vague impression of lack of will-power, & more or less voluntary indifference to moral effect. But let no one suppose that its use here indicates any mere Gull, dispirited outlook on life, or any other voluntary mental view of one’s self or one’s future. There is nothing voluntary about it It is a feeling deeply physical as well as mental—a mingled condition of woe- ful sickness and sadness that beggars description. The distress and shock over what has happened to one and the first experience of what it is like, ls the initial factor, But considering what {t ought to be as compared with the shock of blindness, which, it seems to me, must be sufficient to produce Dermanent biackest despair, the de Dreasion of deafness is out of all pro portion. - ' Slarsings or 6 Gases, FOR RENT _ 2,4,S.and 6 Room Flats : Lakeview Bldg., 3100 Ellis Ave. ' ‘Steam heat, hecveene mist __ Phone Douglas 1 - 3101 Cottage Grove Ave. “ woman writer, herself married and twenty-three years of age, states that 2 woman who expects to follow an intellectual life should marry young This is a sound view, for the woman who fully appraises the value of her intellectual life realizes that the best years of the mind are those that come after thé age of most efficient child bearing. It is a very different view from that of the young women in pro- teesions which serve only to bridge the tew brief years between school days and marriage, and for whom marriage closes for all time participation in the world's work outside of the home Clearly we can never have an intel- lectual emancipation in the world's Work on a program that would confine professional fife to the remiarriage Gays or make it incompatible with ‘The first gives tod brief a ‘and must subordinate woman Anferior clerical labor, while the Pe ane ae ee a in the world’s te £2