The Broad Ax

For the Next Thirty Days or Until Further Notice to the Contrary, The Broad Ax Will Be Sent to Any Address in the United States for One Year for $1.50 THE BROAD AX HEW TO THE LINE: LET THE CHIPS FALL WHERE THEY MAY COL. T. A. ROBERTS, TURNED OVER HEAVEN AND HADES In An Effort, to Disorganize the Old Eighth Regiment, on the Battlefield of France, in Order to Prove to the World; that Colored Soldiers Would not Fight, Unless They Were Controlled by White Officers or Commanders. COL. ROBERTS STYLED HIMSELF THE "WHITE HOPE OF THE REGIMENT." Major Charles Hunt, was Demoted and Refused to Captain D. F. Pickney; Captain Clinton L. Hill were Brushed Aside and Fell by the Wayside at the Hands of Col. Roberts. Captain John H. Patton; was Relieved as Regt. and Adjt; and He was Never Permitted to Serve as Major. The Members of the Eight Regiment were the First American Soldiers to Stand Before St. Mihiel; and the First to Line up Before Argonne. COL. OTIS B. DUNCAN, BANKED AS LEUT., COL. AL-THOUGH HE SIMPLY HAD CHARGE OF ONE BATTALLION Hon. Edward J. GlackinyKETAOIvbgkcmfwyhrdd VOL. XXIV COL. T In An Effort, to Order the Unl COL. ROBERTS STYLED HOPE OF THE Major Charles Hunt, was Demon D. F. Pickney; Captain Cl Aside and Fell by the Wa Roberts. Captain John H Regt. and Adjt; and He wa as Major. The Members of the Eight Regi rican Soldiers to Stand B First to Line up Before Arg COL. OTIS B. DUNCAN, BAN THOUGH HE SIMPLY ONE BATT Hon. Edward J. Glac ARTICLE OR CHAPTER NO. 5. The following telegram speaks for itself:— G.H.Q. A.E.F. Chaumont, France. 12 July, 1918. Col. Franklin A. Denison 370 Inf. U.S.A. is hereby relieved and will report to me at these Head- quarters immediately, Col. T. A. Roberts, Calvary U.S.A., is hereby attached to the 370 Inf. U.S. A. with command. Col. T. A. Roberts, the arch enemy, vilifier and traducer of the Negro soldier the one who delighted to sign his private mail as coming from "The white hope in a Black Regiment" took temporary command of the regiment on the 12th of July, 1918 at Rarecourt. At this time we were attached to the 36th Div. of 10th French Army. The Germans were hammering amay in their struggle to reach Paris in August. The Intelligence Department had the information that Ludendorf purposed to push his army through the Verdun, Argonne, Chateau Thierry front and thus gain his objective; we were held in reserve at Rarecourt. The first official act of an incoming official is always watched with interest for it serves as a basis upon to build future expectations. So it was with keen interest and feverish anxiety that I watch ```markdown ``` By Rev. W. S. Braddan ed for Order No. 1. We did not have long to wait. There was at that time at Rarecourt a café over which were quartered two French women of easy virtue. Col. Denison had placed guards at the place in question with instruction not to permit any soldiers of the 370th to enter. This was a precautionary measure to safeguard the health of the men. Col. Roberts had said to the Chaplain, "I hear that your former Colonel objects to men drinking wine". I answered, "No sir, you have been misinformed". "Then why have guards been placed at that café?" The Chaplain explained it, as above stated. Col. Roberts answered:— "Well I will have an order issued removing the guards and giving the men free access therein." This then was his first official act and what did it mean? That his purpose was to ingratiate himself into the favor of the men; this being done, according to his reasoning, he could better get rid of the Negro Officers at the psychoological moment. But the wisdom of Col. Denison and the lack of knowledge on the part of Col. Roberts was shown when the Café in question was put "off limits" by the French Commander upon the recommendation of the Chief Surgeon of the French Army. CHICAGO, ILL, SATURDAY, MAY 31, 1919 REV. W. S. BRADDAN Captain and Chaplain of the late 370 th U. S. Infantry; formerly the Old Eighth Illinois. 11:45 P.M. Sunday, July 14 will be long remembered by our men for hell broke loose all along the front with heavy artillery preparation on the part of the Germans. Monday, July 15 we were ordered to change our position with Regimental Headquarters and 3rd Battalion under Major Williams at Vraincourt, Major Chas. Hunt (that splendid soldier and disciplinarian who suffered untold humiliation at the hand of Col. Roberts) was ordered to take up a position with his 2nd Battalion in the Argonne, being the first Americans to hold this position, while Major Rufus Stokes, commanding the 1st Battalion took up his position at Hermont. Thus the stage was all set and the men were on tiptoes with eagerness to "Carry on" and spoil Ludendorf's dream of entering Paris for they were between him and his coveted goal and declared that he and his horde of cut-throats, ravishers of women-despoilers of homes and iconoclasts of civilization should not pass, and if they did it would be only after the men of the "Old 8th" had reported to Jesus Christ the reason why. Bear in mind that as your boys were the first American soldiers before St. Mihiel so also they were the first in this sector of the Argonne and Verdun front standing as a wall of granite to resist the oncoming tide of Prussianism. 'Twas here we lost our first man, Private Robert Lee of M.G. Co. 2. killed in action by the enemy July 25th, buried at Vrain court. Yes we had lost others by disease and accident prior to this date, i.e., Sgt. Norman Roberts, Co. E. being the first to make the supreme sacrifice having died at Morvilla May 16, 1918, buried at the same place. Then the spirit of Pvt. W. Mosbey went west from Bassancourt June 3, buried where he passed out. 'Twas while here that Col. Roberts began to pull off his dirty work. Captain B. F. Pinekeny, a splendid gentleman and officer was called on the carpet by his Commander who told him that he feared that he (Pinekeny) could not stand the rigors of Trench warfare and that he had recommended him for reclassification at Blois — Blois, a place of a thousand wrecked ambitions, a nightmare, hideous and grotesque; a place that reeked with injustice and intrigue where a few coffee coolers broke the spirit and ambition of their betters where a lot of underlings working at the instigation of men higher up stultified the manhood and wrecked the future of hundreds of splendid men — Blois, where prejudice was as rampant as in Rome, Ga., Capt. Ben, as he was affectionately called, left us August 9th for Blois, and thus began the disintegration of the "Old 8th". On the 16th of August without having taken part in any important engagement, we were ordered to move forward. The Germans were falling back on a fifty mile front and our regiment was deemed fit to take over any sector on the battle front. In fact the French High Officials had given us a clear bill of health and declared the "8th" to be in fine fettle and ready for a fight of any intensity. Of course we were proud to know that they had realized what we had known for years, that if this regiment were let alone and permitted to fight under their Own Race Officers that they would charge hell with a bucket of water and extinguish the hottest blaze that the imps of Hades might kindle. Resting at Camp Clairehenes the night of August 16 we loaded the outfit and pulled out for an unknown place at the Zero Hour August 17th. "Where do we go from here Boys" is a phrase that will always be remembered by the "Boys of the 8th". Always moving but just wouldn't know where to. It developed that we were headed for Fains, 3 kilos. from Bar-le-Due. Oh! Boy! what a glorious feeling just to know that after three months at the front where we had seen nothing but soldiers devastated cities, a disembowelled shell-pitted terrine, where we had been lulled to sleep by the rat-tat-ta of the busy machine guns and the booming and bursting of 55's and 75's as they went screaming, "you ain't going back to Bam"; where we never saw a Mille., we were at last to be given one last chance to rub up against civilization, to stroll down the great white way in Bar-le-Due and quaff the nectar of French hospitality. On Sunday, Sept. 1st, 9:00 A.M., the question went the rounds "Where do we go from here, Boys" — (Cen-fitle-en) it makes No.37 no difference — was the answer of three thousand men as they swung and adjusted their packs, shouldered arms and started upon the first legs of what was destined to be the most momentous engagement, and the one that was to be crowned with victory, wounds, privation, suffering and death. We arrived at Betz 4 A.M. next day after having our troop train pursued by a German bombing plane as far as Chateau Thierry. We marched over to Mareuil, 14 kilos, and at 1:30 were billeted where less than three weeks before the Germans had knocked for admittance, from which town the civil population had departed in haste for fear of the Germans and were only then returning. During the twelve days' stay at this place events big with significance to the Negro Race and the "8th" took place for 'twas here that Col. Roberts began to pave the way to induct white officers into this regiment that had endured for twenty-four years as a 100% Negro organization. Major Chas. Hunt who had grown gray in efficient service was relieved of command and sent back to Blois for re-classification where he was demoted to the grade of Captain; Major A. Williams, a brave and fearless officer, one who had served his country long and well, went by the same route being also demoted to Captain; Captain C. L. Hill who was loved by all followed on their heels; Captain J. H. Patton was relieved as Regt. Adjt., Lieut B. Phillips being appointed in his stead, and given command of Hunt's Battalion; Lieut. Col. O. B. Duncan was relieved from command of the Replacement Camp and placed in charge of Williams' Battalion. But you say, wherein am I justified in saying that Col. Roberts was handing the regiment a raw deal? Wait and see. Officers and men became restive and chagrinned, here and there little knots of officers and soldiers could be seen in earnest conversation and the burden of their talk "What's coming off"; is it the purpose of his hard boiled egg to slip a bunch of white majors over on us — "Oh, No!" said the bootlicker "Patt's with (Continued on page 4) PAGE TWO THE BROAD AX Published Every Saturday In this city since July 15th, 1899, without missing one single issue. Republicans, Democrats, Catholics, Protestans, Single Taxers, Priests, infidels or anyone else can have their say as long as their language is proper and responsibility is fixed. The Broad Ax is a newspaper whose platform is broad enough for all, ever claiming the editorial right to speak its own mind. Local communications will receive attention. Write only on one side of the paper. Subscriptions must be paid in advance. Advertising rates made known on application. Address all communications to THE BROAD AX 106 So. Elizabeth St., Chicago, Ill. Phone Wentworth 2597. JULIUS F. TAYLOR Editor and Publisher DR. M. A. MAJORS Associate Editor 4700 South State Street Phone Drexel 1416 Vil. XXIV. May 31, 1919 No. 37 1902, at the Post Office at Chicago, Ill., under Act of March 3, 1879 MEMORABLE GAME OF CARDS Said to Have Suggested System of Life Insurance to Eminent French Mathematician. A game of cards is said to have suggested the system of life insurance now so universal, according to London Answers. A Flemish nobleman in the seventeenth century tried to divide equitably the cash sanked upon an interrupted game of chance. He was helped in his attempt by Pascal, a distinguished French mathematician, who solved the problem. In doing so he also solved the "doctrine of probabilities" or laws governing insurances of all kinds. The idea can be illustrated by the throwing of a dice, the chance of turning up an ace being one out of six. In a large number of throws the chances are in the same proportion. From this Pascal laid down the proposition that results which have happened in a given number of observed cases will again happen in similar circumstances, provided the numbers be sufficient for the proper working of the law of averages. The life of a person is one of the greatest uncertainties, but the duration or rate of mortality of a large number of persons may be predicted with the greatest accuracy by comparison with the observed result among a sufficiently large number of persons of similar ages and occupations and subject to similar climatic influences. Song Inspired by Poster? It is an interesting bit of history, in view of the importance of posters as an inspiration and interpretation of patriotism, that the Marsellaise was inspired by a contemporary poster. At first thought one might imagine that the art of the poster, as it is now understood, was unknown in 1792, but the proclamation of the mayor of Strasburg, with its terse, ringing sentences, beginning "To arms, citizens!" was no doubt as effective as the posters produced in 1918. Posted on the city walls, as Jean Richepin of the French academy has just pointed out, the words of the proclamation directly inspired Rouget de Lisle in the composition of the "Marsellaise," or, as it was first called, "The War Song of the armies of the Rhine." Later the convention at Paris entitled it the "Hymn of Marsellies," but the public promptly named it "La Marsellaise," and it might almost be said to have set the mayor's poster to music—Christian Science Monitor. Red Rag to a Bull. How many people know the real meaning of the phrase "Like red rag to a bull?" Why should a bull, or any other creature, he enraged when a piece of scarlet cloth is flaunted before them? For bulls are not alone in this. Sheep, usually so meek and gentle, will apparently become transported with rage if they see anything of this color. Geese and turkeys are similarly affected—the former even having been known to attack a scarlet-clad child. The excitement animals display in such circumstances is similar to that caused by the smell of blood. Here is the theory: The color reminds the animals of blood, an association which invariably suggests bodily discomfort and hurt. So they express their terror by the only means they possess. Weather Talk. Mrs. Flatbush—They say some people can talk of nothing but the weather. Mrs. Bensonhurst—Well, I believe it. I asked my husband for some money this morning and he said, "Isn't it a beautiful day?" External Substitute Here is a famous Chinese humorous story. A traveler stopped at a house ard asked for a cup of tea. Having none on hand, the host sent his son out to procure some. Meanwhile the hostess put a pot of water on the fire to boll. The son did not return, and it became necessary to add some more water to the pot. This was done several times. The son still remained absent, and finally the wife said to her husband: "Inasmuch as the tea does not seem to be forthcoming, perhaps you had better offer your guest a bath." Avoid Habit of Musing Few habits are more injurious than musing, which differs from thinking as pacing one's chamber does from walking abroad. The mind learns nothing, and is not strengthened but weakened, returning perpetually over the same barren track. Where the thoughts are somber the evil is doubly great, and not only time and vigor are squandered, but melancholy becomes fixed. It is really a disease, and the question how it should be treated is one of the most important in anthropology—J. W. Alexander. Worry Is Twin of Fear Worry is a homeopathic or attenuated dose of fear, and fear as all know, is a powerful depressant of the circulation and nervous system. It is fear that paralyzes the animal that is "charmed" by a snake; it is fear that "strikes at the heart" of a child frightened by some real or fancied apparition or threat, predisposing to shock or collapse. It is harmful emotion. There is no doubt that a susceptible individual might be actually "frightened to death." Thumb-Bella Sailors used to wear a little contrivance on their thumbs; they called them first thumb-bells, then later thimbles. It is claimed that they were used in the days of Herculaneum. It takes 20 men and a great deal of expensive machinery to make a thimble. They were introduced into Great Britain from Holland in 1695 by one John Softing, who thus brought also a new and important industry into England. Confederate Memorial Day April 26 is celebrated in Alabama, Georgia, Florida and Mississippi as Confederate Memorial day, a day that corresponds to May 30 in the North. The day was established by a woman from Georgia, Mary Ann Williams, who, in a letter printed in the Columbus Times in 1866, called upon her fellow citizens to observe the following April 26 as a day "to wreathe the graves of our martyr-dead with flowers." Ideal Marrying Age. Interesting points regarding matrimony are raised by a clause in the will of a London magnate. Much of his property is left in trust for his children, the income from their shares to be paid to their mother until each child attains the age of twenty-seven. The maker of the will expressed an "earnest wish and desire" that no child should marry until that age was reached. To Restore Tired Eyes. If the eyes are very tired and one specially wishes them to be as bright as possible, it is quite helpful to lie down for half an hour with the eyes closed, and a folded handkerchief dipped in cold water, in which boracic acid powder is dissolved, laid across the forehead and eyes. This can be redipped as soon as the cloth is warm. Ingenious Excuse My father saw little Ruth through the window. She was eating a green apple. He called her into the house and she, knowing his purpose, came shyly into the room. Father questioned her about eating the green apple, for she had often been forbidden to eat them. Looking up with a smile she said: "Why. I only ate the ripe half." —Chicago American. Mad as a Hatter Mad, in Anglo-Saxon, is frequently used as a synonym for violent, furious, angry or venomous. Atter, in old English, means adder or viper. Hence the combination of the two words "mad" and the corrupted "hatter" merely means "as venomous as an adder." And the proverbial saying has, therefore, no reference to hatmaking at all. Hint to Housewives To clean glazed tiles when spotted, wash them with lemon juice, leave for a quarter of an hour, and then polish with a soft cloth. Tiles should not be washed but only rubbed with a damp cloth and polished with a little skim milk and water. Hardly Complimentary One of our neighbors adopted a little girl and invited my little girl and me over to visit them. We went over one afternoon and while we were admiring her my little girl tossed her head and said, "Homely babies—pretty ladies."—Exchange. Daily Thought A soul without reflection, like a pile without inhabitant, to ruin runs— Karen THE BROAD AX. CHICAGO, MAY 31, 1919 CITY BELOVED OF TOURISTS Buitenzorg, Java, Noted for its Gay eties and its Wonderful Dis- play of Nurticulture. When a wealthy Dutch planter in Java discovers that he has acquired brain fag by talking business with his overseers and superintendents he orders his servants to make preparations for a trip to Buitenzorg, the capital of the island. Buitenzorg is one of those few fascinating cities where the climate is perfect and business never seems to interfere with pleasure. The governor-general's mansion is the center of Javanese government and frivolity—the scene of occasional weighty conferences and many balls and garden parties. In this tropical court the Dutch heirliness makes her first bashful bow to society, and noted scientists who come to view the famous botanic gardens of the city are feted. Bamboo huts of the Javanese, all too small for the families they hold, snuggle within the shadows of modern hotels and shops. All around are gardens overflowing with roses and gay tropical blooms. Flowers are popular in Buitenzorg, but, attractive as the amateur gardens are, their charm is forgotten in the wonderful beauty of the botanic gardens, which lie within the estate of the governor general. For more than a century horticultural experts have cultivated these famous gardens, the success of their work being proved by the enthusiasm of scientists, to whom this spot is a botanist's paradise. Unscientific visitors revel in the profusion of blossoms, sweet smelling, gorgeous, strange and lovely, but the scientist hastens past these frankly attractive blooms to expend his enthusiasm on some twisted dwarf, which he designates a botanical triumph and labels with an unpronounceable name. TRACING LOST INDIAN TRIBE Scientists Interested in Explorations of Abodes of the Long-Gone Arawak Nation. When in 1494, on his second voyage, Columbus discovered the island of Jamaica, it was populated by the Arawak Indians, who, although at first hostile to him, became friendly on his giving them clothing and other articles hitherto unknown to them. When later the Spaniards settled the island they forced the Indians not only to do agricultural work in their own island, but to labor in the gold mines of Haytil. So hard were the Spanish taskmasters that by 1558 the whole Arawak nation was exterminated. During the past eight years efforts have been made, under the auspices of a scientific society, to recover all possible traces of the lost race. To that end explorations have been made in the old kitchen middens, or refuse heaps of the Arawaks, in which there have been found, besides shells and pottery and fish, turtle and cony bones, many cels, or rude chisels, grinding stones, stone pendant's and axes—1,500 objects in all, which have been given to the American Museum of Natural History in New York city. To the anthropologist the most interesting objects are the cylindrical stone pendant's, which were fashioned with sand and stone and endless rubbing. Pendants of exactly the same sort are worn today as insignia of office by chiefs or headmen of tribes in northern South America. You Could Not Mistake Him. Persons who had been in the habit of traversing Covent Garden at that time might, by extending their walk a few yards into Russell street, have noticed a small, spare man, clothed in black, who went out every morning, and returned every afternoon as the hands of the clock moved toward certain hours. You could not mistake him. He was somewhat stiff in his manner and almost clerical in dress, which indicated much wear. He had a long, melancholy face, with keen, penetrating eyes; and he walked with a short, resolute step citywards. He looked no one in the face for more than a moment, yet contrived to see everything as he went on. No one who ever studied the human feature could pass him by without recollecting his countenance; it was full of sensibility, and it came upon you like new thought, which you could not help dwelling upon afterward; it gave rise to meditation and did you good. This small, half-clerical man was—Charles Lamb.—Barry Cornwall. "Nice" Once Meant "Foolish." Words that have undergone a remarkable change of meaning with the passage of the centuries are "pretty" and "nice." Both these words meant originally almost exactly the reverse of their present definitions. "Pretty" comes from the old French word proud or "prud." In old Saxon the word became "prut"—magnificent, splendid, vain, insolent. From this came "prit" or "pritte," meaning almost the same; till at length it came to signify handsome, bold or fine; finally, after many gradations, reaching its present usual sense as a personal adjective of girlish and effeminate significance. "Nice"—which comes from a French source—at first meant foolish, absurd, ridiculous; then in course of time it came to signify wanton, whimsical, fantastic; then delicate and subtle, till finally it was used to denote any specially pleasant quality. In ancient times the expression, Seven Seas, meant the waters known to the civilized nations, particularly those known to the Greeks and the Romans, for instance, the Mediterranean, the Adriatic, the Aegean, the Ionian (part of the Mediterranean), the Red, the Black, and the Caspian. In modern times it is a poetical and not untruthful expression denoting the world's great oceans and seas, seven being the mystical number signifying completion or perfection—the high seas generally. Warranted Rebuke Billy was seated on the nursery floor playing with his blocks, when his grandmother entered the room and with the swish of her skirts knocked down the house Billy was erecting. For this she apologized. Billy said nothing, but proceeded to rebuild; grandmother in repassing again knocked down the house of blocks. Billy looked up at his grandmother and in a grieved tone of voice said, "I know that the first time it was an accident, but the second time it was just carelessness." Disillusioned. A novelist who had learned that a certain book seller was a great admirer of his works resolved to call upon the tradesman and introduce himself. Having done so, he noticed that the manager scrutinized him rather critically, but freely entered into conversation. When the novelist was about to depart he said: "Now you have met me, I suppose you will want to sell my books more than ever?" "Perhaps I shall," was the answer, "but, all the same, I wish I had not seen you." What He Wanted Bobby had been given three cents to spend as he and his younger brother saw fit. Having heard much garden talk, and being attracted by a display of garden seeds, he came home with three packages of vegetable seeds, eager to get them planted at once. Hearing something about the proposed planting of some flower seeds, he insisted on planting his, saying to his mother as a final argument: "Mother, we don't want flower seeds; we want eating seeds." The End. We cannot see the end from the beginning, but as long as we can see the beginning, whether it be the year we are entering, or some duty that is required of us, we see enough—one step at a time—and we know, that we shall be so guided on to the end. If we sit down and wait for the whole plan to unroll before our view, we shall wait endlessly. Fewer Walking Sticks Used. Not as much timber is being made into walking sticks as in days gone by. About two generations ago no gentleman was considered fully dressed for the street unless he carried his stick. Now it is almost as unusual to hear of a man being presented with a gold-headed cane as with a silver or tortoise-shell snuff box. More Fun for the Guests The newlyweds had finally escaped from their friends after much rice throwing, etc., and were speeding on their way in a taxi. But alas! the bridegroom discovered that he had left every cent of his money behind and they had to go back for it, much to the merriment of the wedding guests who had not yet departed. One-Sided Humor After the company had gone, Mrs. Mason said to her husband, "What on earth did you mean, John, by telling the Flemings that my humor was positive, but not negative?" "I meant," said Mr. Mason discreetly moving toward the door, "that you could make a joke, but couldn't take one!" Statistics on Comets Statistics collected by Borrelly, the French astronomer, show that since the sixteenth century 376 comets have been discovered, of which 106 were periodic and 19 have been seen at more than one return, and 56 have been visible to the naked eye, with seven that could be seen in full daylight. Unique Trophy. The British royal standard which fills the center of the ceiling of a room at Annapolis is said to be the only British royal standard in the possession of a foreign nation. It was taken at the capture of York, Toronto, by Commodore Chauncey and General Montgomery, in 1813. Wishing Is Not Willing. The power of the human will has been discredited because we have so often substituted mere wishing for determined willing. A desire is one thing, and a decree is quite another in the matter of self-government. And Make It Personal If a rich man tells you that the greatest happiness is found in poverty remind him of what David said in his haste. Optimistic Thought. Strength is desirable, yet not a matter for boasting. for in this bulls and wild animals are superior to us. BOAT WAS "SOME" STRETCHER And Many Will Believe That Old Man Moody Belongs in Much the Same Class. A group of guides was sitting about the tavern table telling stories. Among them, says Mr. Leon Dean in Outing, was Old Man Moody. When the conversational ball was tossed to him he was ready for it. "Boys," he drawled, "you remember that collapsible rubber boat that the old gentlemen sent me up as a present from New York last year?" The circle of heads nodded recollection. "Funny thing happened this morning. The pickerel ought to be striking today,' thinks I; and I went down to the pond to get my boat. Ed Greene was there. Ed wants to race me every time we meet; he's some handy with the oars, I'll allow, but he can't beat the little old rubber bathtub. "Today he's got a new scheme; wants to try it across the pond rowing frontwards, facing the bow. Says he can trim me to a frazzle that way. It's a favorite of him, you know. "Says I, 'You can't'; and off we went. We was going like grease, too, but I was kind of playing with him, when all of a sudden, about halfway across, I felt the little boat begin to drag. She dragged harder and harder. 'Gosh all fishhooks,' thinks I, 'she must be hitched to the bottom." "By the time we was three quarters over it was no joke. I was putting into it for all I was worth and having all I could do to keep up with Ed. 'Come on, ol man,' says he; and we let out for the finish. Well, boys, we hit the bank jest about nip and tuck. What do you think the trouble was?" He paused dramatically, and the circle regarded him expectantly. "When I stepped out I heard a sort of swish behind be. I turned round, and there wasn't no boat there. I'd forgot to untie her on her topper side, and she had snapped clean back." THEORY OF ODD NUMBERS As Far Back as Can Be Traced, Superstition Has Held Them in Reverence. "Why is a hen given an odd number of eggs to hatch and never an even number?" a writer in Tit-Bits asks. He answers himself by saying that it is all a matter of superstition and that, despite our advanced civilization we still cling to things of the musty past. Salutes from warships, forts, etc., are always given in odd numbers, he explains, with no valid reason, other than the old theory that the odd number was always lucky. Virgil records all sorts of charms and spells practiced around odd numbers and never an even one. People still say, after two failures, that a third attempt may be successful. Seven is the favorite biblical number, and old divines taught that it held a mystical perfection. Three is the number of the Trinity—an odd number again. Falstaff, in the "Merry Wives," is entrapped a third time. He is quoted as saying "They say there is a divinity in odd numbers." The number two was always avoided and had an evil reputation, in ancient times, because on the second day hell was created. Law Always Governs Everything out of doors is a matter of law. That is, all actions of all created things are in conformity to the laws laid down by nature. Growth and development are not by chance; they are matters of law. The robin returns to a certain region, not as a matter of accident or chance, but because it is governed absolutely by law—just as the drop of water flows down the steep sides of the roof according to law. Every action of every created thing affects the actions of all other created things. All nature is interwoven until nothing can do anything without its having its effect upon everything else. That may seem like a strange statement, but it is a fact. Perfect Automobile Springs The comfort of the passengers in an automobile is to a great degree dependent upon the character of the springs of the vehicle. These may be adjusted to suit the loads by means of a new invention of French origin. At each end of the rear springs is an elongated slot, in which the eyebolts can be moved by a lever or wheel at the driver's seat. The effect of altering the position of the bolts is to lengthen or shorten the springs, thus decreasing or increasing their stiffness and resistance. Definite positions or stopping points are provided for the sliding bolts, so that the driver may adjust his springs to a specific number of passengers. The "Knew-Nothings." "Know-Nothings" was an epithet popularly conferred upon the American or native American party, a secret political organization in the United States, because its members when questioned as to its principles and purposes professed "to know nothing." The party was organized about 1854, showed considerable strength the next year, and in 1856 nominated Millard Fillmore for re-election to the presidency. "Know-Nothings" split on the slavery question and became divided into the "North" and "South" Americans. They were merged into the Constitutional Union party in 1860. Guard the Thoughts "Thoughts are things." We do not see them as they fly hither and thither at their work, but neither do we see the disease germs of the street and those that are inhaled in shop and car. The irritable, gloomy mood, the discontent and pessimism that steal away courage and hope, are things that we can no more keep wholly to ourselves than we can keep a contagious illness if we carry it among our fellows. Frettiness makes others irritable, and gloom, like a pestilence will make itself felt through the entire family. Seek to Realize Ideals The life that is a "comer" is charged with energy. The best plans in the world must be worked to make them productive. Life with ideals is something, but it's the ideals plus active application that brings the fruits. Many a fellow with small ability, but that ability consecrated to a definite purpose, rises to merited recognition in life. When today's efforts forecast to morrow's activities there is a continuity that produces rounded character and symmetrical development. Believe Mangrove Walks Off the west coast of Africa, where mangroves are very plentiful, the natives have many curious superstitions about the mangrove tree, which is supposed to walk around in the water at night and is thought to be under the direct influence of spirits. These trees are plentiful in the southern states, especially in Florida, where they literally form islands impenetrable to man, but the paradise of water birds. No Written Chinese Music Chinese music is not written. The words of some of the favorite songs have been preserved, but the music has been handed down from father to son for generations that go far back before the day of the troubadours. When music is played it is played according to the memory of the musician and his ides of interpretation. A musician varies the performance as his best judgment dictates, and the strings, reeds or brass may break in at almost any time. How Mangrove "Travels" Trees have many methods of traveling and one of the most unique of these is used by the mangrove tree which walks in water. It is not uncommon to see a mangrove standing knee-deep in the water, with numerous arms reaching downward from the upper limbs. As soon as these take root, a new tree is started; thus the mangrove is said to walk. Eggs of Various Kinds The turtle living in the Ornitho lays eggs which are extraordinarily rich in oil. The Indians in British Guiana collect 25,000,000 yearly for making oil. The eggs of mapy sea birds are excellent eating. The best of the lot is said to be that of the "murre." a bird which is very common on the Labrador coast. Worth Keeping in Mind By all means adopt the two old-time slogans, "Have a time for everything and a place for everything." If hung where they can be seen without ey strain these twin suggestions will do a world of good and will be remembered long after gay posters, which litter every place, have been torn down and consigned to the scrap heap. Utilization of Waste. A distinguished chemist once observed that "My lady writes tender sentiments to her lord with ink made from an old copper coffee pot on paper made from old collars." The utilization of waste products, which add enormously to the wealth of the world, furnishes many such fantastic adaptations. Here's a Cheery Chap. The man who has enemies amounts to something. He is a live man. He is a fighter. People don't kick a corpse. A live man can swim against the current; a corpse floats down without hindrance. God bless our enemies! We love them. They are making life worth while—Boston Transcript. Whale's Small Throat The whale has a tiny throat although the head is from one-quarter to one-third of the length of the body, and the mouth 15 to 20 feet long and six to eight feet wide. The opening of the gullet is not larger than a man's fist. Taste. Taste, if it means anything but a paltry connoisseurship, must mean a general susceptibility to truth and noleness, a sense to discern and a heart to love and reverence all beauty, and goodness, wheresoever or in whatsoever forms and accomplishments they are to be seen.—Carlyle. But-He Offered No Security. Little Donald came in one day just as I was taking a pie from the oven. "That's a fine pie," he said. "Can I borrow a piece?"—Exchange. Optimistic Thought. By clouds we are taught to estimate sunshine. NEW FASHIONS IN GOWNS AND COATS Styles as They Are Reflected in the Latest Phases of Fashion. MANY PARIS MODES ADOPTED Evening Coats Vie With Evening Gowns in Their Brilliance—Tafeta Favorite Fabric—Tunics in Evidence. Fashionable cities of the United States keep their fingers on the pulse of Paris. The mood of the moment expressed on the banks of the Seine is immediately felt by the style diagnosticians on this side of the Atlantic. Every symptom is known, every fashion idea is gauged by the clothes specialists over here. Many of these Paris modes are adopted outright because they spring from a field long fertile with all that is lovely. Many others have to be adapted to the American woman and still others created especially for her. The wise designer, observes a prominent fashion correspondent, like the true artist, knows what is beautiful and selects it from the myriads of ideas and fabrics which are as conglomerate as a hundred daubs of paint on an artist's palette. Out of this class of fashion creators with "the know" has arisen the American couturer, who, while keeping a watchful eye on Paris, knows how to create her own models, which rival in loveliness and perfection any importation that France may send over. With the coming of peace the Parisienne burst into bloom. Like some rare bulb that had lain in dark hibernation awaiting the call of the spring sun, she dazzled the world. Her evening gowns could not be sufficiently brilliant in color to express her mood of fovousness. Naturally, the American woman, atune with the same joy of victory, followed suit. Brilliance marked every gathering. Jewels were brought from their velvet boxes, and once more the American woman bloomed. The marvel was how quickly femininity was able to clothe itself in the new and brilliant raliment of joyous peace. Taffeta Favored for Coats. Evening coats vie with _evening gowns in their brilliancy. Taffeta is the favorite fabric for these summer mantles, though baronette satin with its glimmering folds makes exquisite evening wraps. Glace silk, with two tones running in its depth, is found in many of these capelike garments. Two contrasting layers of chiffon or georgette crepe make delightfully pretty wraps and give sufficient warmth for balmy summer evenings. These wraps are frequently yoked in the drop shoulder line and the silhouette suggests the old-fashioned dolman, which lends itself perfectly to these modern capes. Glace tar- 1 Gown of White Taffeta With Design of Pink Roses. sels, or those of silver, gold and jet, trim these garments or act as ornaments on heavy strands of beads that tie the fronts of the cap together. Pearl and jet are effectively combined in this bead trimming. The collars of these wraps are sometimes made of the material. They are cut straight, made double, and are gathered and wired at the center back to give the high line reaching nearly to the crown of the head. Fur, especially white fox and skunk, is used with lovely softness on these capes when a fur collar is needed. The contrast of peltry with silk is always lovely, however inconsistent it may look in summer. Ostrich feathers are profusely used to trim these evening capes. The graceful fronds of ostrich make the ideal trimming for the summer wraps. Fringe is seen on these garments, but not so much as formerly. A lovely evening wrap is made of geranium pink taffeta. A long cape falls loosely over the shoulders, but is cut to wrap snugly around the ankles, giving the narrow silhouette. Over this cape fall two long, graceful overcapes that hang in points at the back. These points are weighted with giant tassels of pink and pearl beads that dangle from a calyx of jet. Two long strands of pink and pearl beads start from the front under the collar and meet between the shoulders in a bead cabuchon. A single strand then hangs from this ornament and ends with a tassel on line with the other two. Tunica characterize evening gowns. This is the natural outcome of the narrow line around the feet. The short tunic, quite full or knife plaited, is used with *eightful effect on dance frocks*. A beautiful black and gold evening gown is taken out of all sombrens THE FASHION Black and Gold Lace Evening Gown With the Prevailing Tunics. by the brilliancy of its trimming. The bodice is black tulle, sleeveless, as most evening gowns are. The tunic of this gown is serpentine. It is made of black lace flecked with gold. Around the edge of this lace run three bands of vividly contrasting colors, blue, purple and emerald green. Beneath this tunic falls the tight skirt of black charmeuse with a short train. A long sash end is weighted with a tassel of jet and gold. The girdle of this gown belongs to the "rainbow division" of girdles. Four bands of color, blue, purple and green, are flanked with gold. A tunic of different length is on the frock, with the underdress of lace ruffles. This gown is particularly picturesque on a young girl. White taffeta is flowered with brilliant pink roses. This material is used for the overskirt and the four triangles which make the bodice. The modeste consists of soft cream lace ruffles mounted on flesh-colored mousseline. The ruffled underskirt is likewise mounted on a scant petticoat of mousseline. The girdle of this gown is pink taffeta in the same shade as the roses. It is bound with silver ribbon. Vagaries of Tunics. A spiral tunic that describes a double line is the distinctive mark of an evening dress which is chiffon in the shade of rose that carries a violet tone in its threads. This very unusual shade is combined with turquoise blue. The bodice is made of rose chiffon with a surplus of flesh pink. A tunic of rose chiffon overlaps another of turquoise blue. This same idea is repeated in the sleeves, where turquoise blue shows beneath the rose sleeve which is cut very short. Tiny rows of silver gauze ribbon run on both of these tunics and tie the sleeve. The girdle of this varicolored gown is rose chiffon and it is strapped with two geranium pink ribbons and one of turquoise blue, the center line being blue. These ribbons tie at the left side and the three ends hang in varied lengths. The skirt of this frock reaches to the ankles and is draped in a slightly bias line to conform to the swirl of the tunic. SOME DAINTY EVENING GOWNS Metal and Beaded Nets Afford Elegant Costumes for Wear on Formal Occasions. Never were such gleaming, glittering materials used for evening gowns. There are metal and bead embroidered nets, metal brocades, heavily spangled and jetted nets, lustrous satins and rare lace. No fabric seems too costly to put into this season's evening gown and if one cannot afford a gleaming costume, one must "go in" for diaphanous, dainty girlish effects, or do something to a simple satin or silk frock that will make it stand out. With noticeable distinction among the glittering creations roundabout. Such a trick has been tried with a black satin dinner frock, which has tulle wings at either side of the skirt and garlands of flowers attached in striking manner to skirt and bodice. This simple dance frock is interesting and it has the new, perfectly flat back, with a train falling from shoulder to floor. Over this train of blue and silver brocade floats a light drapery of black lace, and the same lace is draped over the arms and falls in scarf ends at the front. THE BROAD AX, CHICAGO, MAY 31, 1919 Demand for Decorations Is Gratified With Novelties. Difficult to Turn Frivolous and Many Still Dress on a War-Reduced It is the way of fashion to be forever elusive, as it is the way of women to be forever in search of something new. If she does not find charm of new interest in the silhouette, then she looks for novelty in material or in the manner of trimming. This season finds the slender silhouette still holding first place in the fashion world. It remains silm, perhaps slimmer, but the whims of woman must be gratified by the vast variety and novelty of trimmings, materials and accessories for this season. Fashion has grown very serious during the last four years, and it is difficult to turn frivolous "over night." For the woman who is still dressing on a war-reduced income, it is wise to choose fashions that are established, gowns and suits fashioned after those most favored by the conservative woman, says Vogue. The top coat or motor coat is perhaps the most important piece in her wardrobe. To a woman who travels, this coat is invaluable, and its uses are many. When dull copper tricolore is made up into a two-piece dress of simple becoming lines, it immediately becomes a garment of service, and is quite as appropriate for town as for country, is appears in a gown of this material which was seen recently. The top part of the dress is made like an overbouse. The straight lines and unbroken simplicity made it a model suited to either matron or debutante. Four straight panels of the blouse fall over the straight skirt. Oyster white pussy-willow taffeta makes another country suit. The original idea of quilting and embroidering it in navy blue silk comes from Lanvin. The straight box coat is embroidered all over and has a deep rolling collar ending where two large navy blue buttons fasten the coat. The rochetted girdle is finished with weight-like tassels of blue silk. The deep hem of the skirt is marked with the quilting and outlined with embroidery, an effect which is very new. The coat is very smart worn as a separate sports coat, and may be used with a sports skirt of white silk or navy blue pussy-willow taffeta. EMBROIDERY ADDS TO BEAUTY CITYPOOL CHAIRMADE & DIDDYMORE Lavish embroidery on the side of this attractive coat makes it a creation of exquisite beauty. The coat is of navy blue satin. The embroidery is of blue chenille. The same motif at the side of the dress is carried out on the sleeves and the collar. The blue and maroon silk belt and straps on the coat are all in one piece. TIMELY FASHION TOPICS The tendency is decidedly toward full flaring overskirts with right underskirts. Charming face veils with chenille dotted motifs matching the hat trimming in color were recently noted at a smart hotel at the tea hour. Lingerie blouses of net and of net and lace are a feature of midsummer fashions. Both white and ecru net are seen and valenciennes and filet lace are employed. The tailored sports blouse or rather sports shirt is developed in wash silk, plique, linen and flannel and in many instances is decidedly gay in colors; that is, the stripe or figure of the fabric is of gay coloring. © Western Newspaper Union This lovely gown for summer occasions is mouse color with white beads and red and orange embroidered flowers. The hat is brown and navy flowered chiffon, brown glaced milan and little chestnut burrs as trimming. CHEMISE OF DIFFERENT TYPE Undergarment of Days Gone By Not Like the Abbreviated Style of Today. Underlinen follows the fashion like every item of dress, and of late, says a writer in the London Gentlewoman, there has been a decided curtailing of an undergarment that once reached the ankles. Nowadays it starts at the bust, has narrow satin ribbons upon the shoulders to keep it in place, and stops above the knees. How our grandmothers would have opened—or shut—their eyes! But these short chemises have their practical side. Let me explain. As everybody knows, it is always the bottom of the chemise that lasts longer than the top, and when the latter begins to show signs of wear beneath the arms, as is the nature of fine fabric or linen undergarments, economy that has been practiced in so many forms during the war, has taught us to cut away the worn portion and join the embroidery or lace, or whatever the trimming at the bust may be, to the lower part and thus make a new short chemise out of an old long one. Silk chemises are very general in Paris, as linen is such a scarce article in France since the disasters in the North. Pale pink is to be seen in the leading atellers, with nattier blue embroidered and the same blue shade in ribbons. TO MAKE A PRETTY PARASOL Little Flowers With Camouflage Leaves Add to the Beauty of the Sunshade. One of a new collection of lovely parasols can very easily be copied by the girl who is only moderately clever with her needle. She may either buy a plain silk one in any of the pastel shades, and decorate it, or she may even dress up last year's one to look like new. The idea is this: At intervals about the edge is a little flower with two camouflage leaves. The flower is made of little shirrings of georgette crepe and there is a little loop of the same material on either side of the little round group of shirrings to suggest the leaves. These applied flowers may be of the same color as the parasol or they may all be of different pale shades. A dresden color scheme would be lovely indeed. Whatever colors you choose, however, you will find that your parasol to carry when you wear summery things is quite the daintest you have ever seen. COPYING THE BRAID DESIGNS Quick Method of Tracing Better Than Use of Transparent Paper and Pencil. Often, in planning a new dress, there is an especially pretty piece of bralded design on some old gown that takes your fancy and which you would like to repeat, if possible, as trimming for the new. Unless you are unusually expert in freehand it is out of the question to reproduce the graceful curves and proportions of the original in making your transfer upon the new goods. A quick method of tracing, better even than the use of transparent paper and pencil and tracing the design as the map at school was traced, is to cover the design with fine tissue paper and then rub over the entire area below the paper lightly with a heavy crayon. As the crayon strikes the braid below the paper it leaves a darker impression which faintly reproduces the design. Rub the crayon in one direction only. FOR SPORTS WEAR Waist, Formerly a Smock, Is a Prime Favorite Now. New Sweaters Placed in Blouse Class and the Masquerade Proves a Success. The return of our victorious warriors brings renewed interest in all outdoor sports. Golf courses are alive with players, many of whom have been absent during these war years. Tennis courts are gay with pretty girls in bright-colored sweaters and young lads just back from France. There is a revival, too, notes a correspondent, of some old-fashioned sports. People have even taken to bicycle riding again. But most interesting of all is the coming back of archery, the sport that flourished in the days of "Merrie England." Everybody is learning to "string a bow." All this has given an impetus to sport clothes, and in them there is a welcome departure from the conservative tailor-made things of past seasons. The sport waist, which formerly was a silk or linen skirt, and always tailor-made, has passed through many incarnations. Once it was born a smock, another time a batiste affair with fluffy frills to flutter around the neck and down the front of a tuxedo-cut sweater of bright-colored silk. I saw a Frenchy little overlouse of sheer net masquerading as a A Coat of Old Blue Silk Is Quilted in White. sport spock. You would never have known it as net at first glance because the material was so well camouflaged. A running stitch of bright green worsted was used to mark off its entire surface in inch squares, then about every third square was darned in solid with the green yarn. Around the waist went a narrow strip knitted of wool. BLEND WITH SUMMER'S TINTS Tricolette Popular for Various Garments for Seasonable Wear in the Country. Tricolette is used for many of this summer's country clothes. Straight-gathered skirts of this material have overblouses to match, either with or without sashes. These are embroidered in angora or ribboseine, which is a narrow silky braid. From the house of Callot comes a suit in which two different colors of tricolette are cleverly used. The upper portion of the dress is champagne color featuring the lines of the smock or overblouse, while a slate-colored skirt is girdled low on the hips with a sash also of slate. One of the new long scarf collars matching the sash is stitched across the back of the neck and allowed to fall loosely, or if may be worn wrapped around the neck like a sweater scarf. Callot also has made a remarkable sports cape of rose-colored tweed with a lining of pink and white peppermint striped silk. The long cloak has a shoulder cape like those worn by the West Point cadets, and from the back of this is swung a large hood lined with silk and draped to reveal this lining in an effective way. Headgear for Little Girls. Elaborate little bonnets or hats are shown this season for the wee girl. Sheerest organdle, combined with very fine valenciennes lace and insertion, and trimmed with silk flowers and pink or blue ribbon rosettes and streamers, form a bonnet which will suit the most exacting mother. Some of the more simple styles may be made at home, but the more ornate ones require the skillful touch of the experienced milliner. PAGE THs EE SILK APRON FOR AFTERNOON Pretty and Great Saver of Frocks, Too—Comes in All Shades and Sizes. Those darling little silk aprons, usually taffeta, are becoming quite the rage for afternoons, says a fashion writer. One doesn't really entertain in them, you know, except very informally indeed, but they certainly are frock savers for wearing about the house. Frocks will become spotted, no matter how dalty and careful we are, and the little aprons protect them beautifully. They are all shapes and sizes, some more patches of silk, while others are shirred in quite generous fashion entirely about the waistband, meeting in the back. They are easy to make, and one often can economically use left-over bits of silk from gowns or cut an apron from the best part of an old discarded silk frock. Let me describe a few for you: A little gray Quakery apron reaches to the knees and displays two half-inch tucks above a three-inch hem. It is prettily shirred to a silken waistband, a second row of fine shirring being run below the belt, and then the gathers radiating from this carefully stroked into place in quite the old-time sewing way. The upper portion of the apron should extend only to the two side fronts of milady's waist, but the plain silken waistband comes within two inches of meeting at the back. To the waistband are attached sash ties of the silk, which, when tied, form a pretty streamered bow. Then, upon the two sides of the apron are rounded patch pouch pockets, prettily shirred with a double row of stitching at the tops. On the left-hand pocket is placed a little floral motif made of a wee, stuffed, round cushion apple covered with henna silk and centered with yellow French knots; this "flower-fruit" is accompanied by gray-green ribbon foliage. VEIL IS IMPORTANT ASSET Right Sort of Face Covering Enhances Beauty More Than Any Other Accessory. Selecting your veils is as important as the choosing of your gowns. The right veil enhances a woman's beauty more than any other accessory of dress. The manner of wearing the veil, too, is important. French women spend a great deal of time adjusting their veils, and consider it time well spent. More types of vells are worn now than ever before. There is the extremely abbreviated vell, which may be of malines and barely cover the eyes. Then there are fluttering vells of real lace. These appear even on tailored hats, and they may fall to the tip of the nose or in line with the chin. The picturesque type of woman should wear flowing vells; her tailor-made sister fastens this lacy face covering eightly under her chin and pins it in the back. There is as much diversity in the mesh and the shape of the new veils as there is in the rest of today's fashions. There are square veils of octagonal mesh, with scrolls and chenille dots, to be draped over small hats. Dressy veils have point de Paris grounds, with wide scrolls through the center and woven borders. These have a name all their own; they are Bo-Peep veils. Just go into one of the best shops and try them all on before the mirror and then buy so many of the one that fatters you most, and you will be successfully veiled. Copyright Bodewood & Underwood A Morrison Photo Hon. EDWARD J. GLACKIN Member of the State Senate from Illinois; father and author of the acted into law by the legislature REV. W. S. BRADDAN, ON THE (Continued) Member of the State Senate from the Seventeenth Senatorial district of Illinois; father and author of the New Zoning Bill; which will be enacted into law by the legislature of this state. Member of the State Senate from the Seventeenth Senatorial district of Illinois; father and author of the New Zoning Bill; which will be enacted into law by the legislature of this state. REV. W. S. BRADDAN, ON THE EIGHTH REGIMENT IN FRANCE (Continued from page 1) the 2nd, Stokes is with the 1st and Duncan is with the 3rd." But why put a perfectly good Lieut. Col. in command of a battalion when you have a dozen captains eligible for promotion to that grade? But the very next day a message was sent over Col. Roberts signature in substance "If it is the policy of the A.E.F. to a point Negro Majors, I would recommend that Capt. J. H. Patthe be appointed Major, but he is the Well, thereby hangs a tale.—The dissatisfaction became so marked, the murmuring so loud, that the Chaplain was approached by several men and officers and asked his opinion. He promised to confer with them the next day; in the meantime he sought out Col. O. B. Duncan, a splendid fellow, — a soldier and officer and a brave commander. After warning him of the spreading discontent on the part of the officers and men Duncan's advice and opinion were sought as what was best to do and advise. His answer was, "Tell the officers to sit tight, that everything would come out O. K., that the name of three captains had been recommended, that the old man would follow his advice." MORE THAN 12 HUNDRED PEOPLE ATTENDED THE OPENING OF R. W. WOODFOLK & CO's., NEW BANK AT $201 S. STATE STRRET. There is a new business spirit springing up among the Colored people residing in all parts of Chicago and especially on the south side; where the vast majority of the Colored people will always reside and work out their destiny either for wheal or for woe. This new business spirit among the Colored people is causing the onlookers to set or stand straight up and take notice almost every day. The latest venture in the business or the banking world among the Colored people in this city is the new Bank of R. W. Woodfolk & Co. bankers 3201 South State St. which recently threw its doors open to the public and more than twelve hundred people attended the opening. The interior of the building has been completely remodeled, and the very latest and the finest solid oak banking fixtures have been installed the burglar and fire proof vaults and safety deposit boxes costs many thousands of dollars to rig them up, and none of the big banks in any part of the city are any better fortified to protect the money. PAGE FOUR the Seventeenth Senatorial district of the New Zoning Bill; which will be en- tered of this state. EIGHTH REGIMENT IN FRANCE (from page 1) But the very next day a message was sent over Col. Roberts' signature in substance "If it is the policy of the A.E.F. to appoint Negro Majors, I would recommend that Capt. J. H. Patton be appointed Major, but he is the only one in the regiment I can so recommand." Can you beat it? Here is a man who had been with the regiment two months sitting in judgment as to the efficiency of men and officers who had been in the regiment twenty years. This, contrary to the advice of his Lieut. Col., a man who was absolutely impartial in judgment when it came to military efficiency one who was loved and honored by the entire regiment. Keep in mind the wording of the message referred to as having been sent G.H.Q. and remember that 8 months after it was sent Captain J. H. Patton returned to his home and loved ones still a captain, — then wake up and draw a sensible conclusion. and other valuables belonging to their customers ,than Woodfolk & Co., Bankers. Mr. R.V.Woodfolk, president of the bank was for sometime general manager for R. W. Hunter & Co., bankers; Mr. Woodfolk who is wide awake and full of new business ideas has the following staff of able assistants; Miss. N. Williams, Cashier; Mr. Augustus McBone, Assistant Cashier; Mis Irene Tate, Secretary; Mr. W. L. Johnson, General Manager; Mr. C. J. Foster, Manager Farm Lands Department; Dr. J. E. Carter of Texas, Manager of the City Real Estate Department Mr. C. C. Carter, Manager of Insurance Department; Mr. Dallas H. Harper, Lawyer; Mr. Allen Hale, Supt. Loan Department. One dollar starts a saving account and twenty-five dollars opens-a checking account; everything seems to strongly indicate that R. W. Woodfolk & Co., are bound to meet with success in the banking business. DEATH OF MADAM C. J. WALKER The first of this week Madam C. J. Walker passed away at her home in New York, City; she was one of the wealthiest women belonging to the Colored Race in this country. THE BROAD AX, CHICAGO, MAY 31, 1919 SENATE BILL NO. ONE HUNDRED TWENTY-FIVE, BETTER KNOWN AS SENATOR EDWARD J. GLACKIN'S ZONING BILL WILL BE ENACTED INTO LAW BY BOTH BRANCHES OF THE LEGISLATURE OF ILLINOIS. The following amended zoning Bill which has been introduced in the State Senate by Hon. Edward J. Glackin and passed by that body which will also be passed by the Lower house of the Legislature of this State and become a part of its Laws. For an Act to confer certain additional powers upon city councils in cities and presidents and boards of trustees in villages concerning buildings, the intensity of use of lot areas, the classification of buildings, trades and industries with respect to location and regulation, the creation of residential, industrial, commercial and other districts, and the exclusion from and regulation within such districts of classes of buildings, trades and industries. Section 1. Be it enacted by the People of the States of Illinois, represented in the General Assembly: That in addition to existing powers, and to the end that adequate light, pure air and safety from fire and other dangers may be secured, that the taxable value of land and buildings throughout the city or village may be conserved, that congestion in the public streets may be lessened or avoided, and that the public health, safety, comfort and welfare may otherwise be promoted, the city council each city, and the president and board of trustees in each village, shall have the following powers: To regulate and limit the height and bulk of buildings hereafter to be erected, to regulate and limit the intensity of the use of lot aeras and to regulate and determine the area of yards, courts and other open spaces within and sorrounding be reduced without additional such buildings; to classify, regulate and restrict the location of trades and industries and the location of buildings designed for specified uses; to make regulations designating the trades and industries that shall be excluded or subjected to special regulations within fixed districts and designating uses for which buildings may not be erected or altered in such district; to divide the city or village or portions of same into districts of such number, shape and area as may be deemed best suited to carry out the purposes of this Act, including the power to create and establish residential districts within new buildings designed for business may be excluded, restricted or limited, and including the pow M. Mrs. ESTELLA BONDS—Majors Expert vocal and instrumental musical instructor artistic piano accompanist and the new organist for the choir of the Berean Baptist Church; Mrs. Majors springs from one of the oldest and most highly respected families in this city and she has legions of tried and true friends within its walls. A BILL er to regulate and restrict the location of trades and industries and buildings designed for same in such a way that classes of industries which affect the general comfort of the public may be excluded from districts where commercial and professional pursuits which do not affect the comfort of the public are carried on; and to prevent the alteration or remodelling of existing buildings in such a way as to avoid the restrictions and limitations lawfully imposed on any such district: Provided, that in ordinances passed under the authority of this Act due allowance shall be made for existing conditions, the conservation of property values, the direction of building development to the best advantage of the entire city or village, and the uses to which property is devoted at the time of the enactment of any such ordinance, and that the powers by this Act given shall not be exercised so as to deprive the owner of any existing property of its use for the purpose to which it is then lawfully devoted. Sec. 2.—No ordinance under the authority of this Act shall be enacted until a public hearing has been held upon the subject matter of the proposed ordinance before a commission, board or committee authorized by the city council in cities, or the president and board of trustees in villages, to investigate and make recommendations concerning such subject matter, after publication in a newspaper of such city or village of a notice of the time and place of such hearing at least thirty days advance thereof and the posting of such notice at not less than four different places within such district, which notice shall indicate the boundaries of the territory to be affected both by the designation of the street and house numbers included and by the legal description of the property therein, and shall state what regulation under the authority of this Act affecting such territory are to be considered at such hearing. In addition to making publication and posting notices as herein provided, the officer or officers authorized to hold said public hearing shall cause a notice of similar import to be mailed to the person shown by the records of the county collector as the one who paid the taxes during the last preceding calendar year on each lot, block, tract or parcel of land situated within such territory, at the residence of the person so paying the taxes on each lot block, track [Name] Hon. ANDREW RUSSEL Auditor of Public Accounts for the State of Illinois; banker and prominent successful business man; who looms up large above the horizon, as the Republican candidate for governor of this state in 1920. or parcel of land, if the same can on diligent inquiry be found and if the same cannot on diligent inquiry be found, such notice shall be directed to such person at the general delivery of the post office in the city or village in which said district is proposed to be made. The affidavit of the officer designated by ordinance as the one to give such notice to the effect that such publication was made in such newspaper and by such posting and that such notices were mailed shall be taken as conclusive evidence that sufficient notice was given to all parties interested. When a district is first created, no ordinance shall be pased hereunder which shall enlarge the boundaries of the territory as indicated in such notice without another such notice and public hearing, but the boundaries of same may publication and hearing. Sec. 3.— After the public hearing herein provided for, the owners of a majority of the land or lots within the proposed district according to frontage on the streets at the time dedicated to public use shall have the right to file their objection in writing to the formation of such district or to the regulations or restrictions proposed therein. Such written objection may consist of one sheet or of a number of sheets bound together, with the signatures of such owners, the location of the property and the amount of frontage owned by each stated thereon after each name, and the same may be filed with the commission, board or committee designated as the proper authority to conduct such proceedings. Upon the filing of such objection, if it shall appear that the owners of such a majority according to frontage are opposed to the formation or creation of such district as is proposed, or to the regulations or restrictions proposed for any such district, all proceedings for same shall be discontinued, and no ordinance for the creation or formation of such district in such territory shall be passed, and no new proceedings for the formation or creation of such district within the said territory shall be begun within one year after the filing of such objection: Provided, that if said objection shall state that it is directed only against certain of the proposed regulations and restrictions, specifying same new proceedings as herein provided for may be begun at any time for the purpose of creating such district after changing or modifying the proposed regulations and restrictions. Sec. 4. — The regulations imposed and the districts created under the authority of this Act may be amended, supplemented or changed from time ti time by ordinance after the ordinance establishing same has gone into effect, but in case of written protest against a proposed amendment, supplement or change, signed by the owners of twenty per cent of the frontage proposed to be altered, or by the owners of twenty per cent of the frontage directly opposite the frontage proposed to be altered, filed with the said commission, board or committee so designated, such amendment shall not be pased except by the favorable vote of two-thirds of the members of the city council in cities, or of the members of the board of trustees in villages:—Provided, that it shall always be within the power of the owners of a majority of the lands and lots according to frontage within a proposed addition to such district to prevent such addition by filling objection there to as herein provided. Sec. 5—Upon the passage of an ordinance under the authority of this Act a certified copy of the same, together with a plat of the territory affected, certified to by the mayor of the city or president of the board of trustees of the village, as the case may be, shall be filed for record in the office of the recorder of deeds of the county in which the said territory is lacoted, and no such ordinance shall take effect until the same is so recorded. Mr. William Rankin, who resides with his family in a nice little home at Clencoe, Ill., and who holds a position in the Federal Building, was very active in working for the success for the recent victory Liberty Loan and Mr. Miller and some of the other high officials connected with the last Liberty Loan drive, have written him a letter, highly commending him for his activity in that direction. Dr. JOHN DILL ROBERTSON The popular and most proficient Health Commissioner ever had; he is right on his job, early and late ever and he is never too tired while keeping his weather the time in connection with the health of the citizen The popular and most proficient Health Commissioner; that Chicago has ever had; he is right on his job, early and late every day in the week and he is never too tired while keeping his weather eye wide open all the time in connection with the health of the citizens of this city. NO COLOR LINE IN THIS 5,000,000 Americans are Ignorant Louisville, Ky., — Illiterary among both races in the United States is a constant invitation to Bolshevism, according to Dean L. B. Moore, of Howard University, Washington, D. C., in an address before the Negro Educational Association of Kentucky. "There are 5,000,000 adults of both races in the United States that can neither read nor write" said Dr. Moore. "Ignorance like is the cause of sectional and racial feeling and constant law-breaking. No one can understand a law who cannot read it." J. A. EASTON, THE SUCCESS FUL PAPER HANGER AND DECORATOR For some years past, J.A. Easton, who is one of the tried and trusted, popular officials of Quinn Chapel 24th Street and Wabash Avenue; has been successfully engaged in the paper hanging and decorating business at 2619 S. State Street. Mr. Easton, numebers his customers, by the hundreds and he executes work in a reliable and straight forward manner, for many of the best people on the south side. DOCTOR GEORGE C. HALL IS ON A SHORT VACATION TRIP TO BENTON HARBOR, MICHIGAN. Saturday morning, Dr. George C. Hall, 3408 South Park Ave., accompanied by his friend and guest, Dr. George W. Bell, of Pine Bluff Ark, left in his fine touring car, for Benton Harbor, Mich. Dr. Bell, returned to the city from there Monday morning but Dr. Hall will remain there for one week and enjoy a little much needed rest. ALDERMAN JACKSON SECURED GOOD APPOINTMENT Lieut. Wm. C. Philips, 508 E. 37th Street, officer in the 370th Infantry, formerly "Old Eighth" was appointed to the position of Bridge Designing Engineer in the City Engineering Department last Monday. Alderman Jackson secured the appointment, thereby adding another jefel to his crown in seating representation for the Race. health Commissioner; that Chicago has nearly and late every day in the week keeping his weather eye wide open all health of the citizens of this city. CHIPS Rev. H. Franklin Bray, head of the Sunshine Mission, 2830 S. State stree; has purchased a fine eleven room house at 446 Bowen avenue. His aged mother Mrs. Bray will keep house for him. The pupils of Mrs. Martha Broadus Anderson, will give a musical at the Wabash avenue department of the Y.M.C.A. 3763 S. Wabash avenue; Monday evening June 9. Rev. W. S. Braddan pastor of Berean Baptist Church, lectured at Davenport, Iowa, Tuesday evening before a packed house. U. S. Department of Labor CHILDREN'S BUREAU Washington MENTAL DEFECT IN A RURAL COUNTY That society pays a heavy penalty for the neglect of its children who are among those whom the Scotch charitably term "innocents", is made clear by a study of MENTAL DEFECT IN A RURAL COUNTY made in an Eastern state by the Children's Bureau of the U. S. Department of Labor in collaboration with the U. S. Public Health Sedice. The condition surrounding the 192 feeble-minded children included in the study revealed the coincidence of poverty, drunkenness and delinquency with feeble mindedness. Although mentally defective children are often amenable to training and discipline in childhood, they are allowed in many communities such as the one studied, to drift, uncared for, into an adult life marked by bad social habits which react harmfully upon themselves and society. They not only tend to bring down the general level of existence in the families or communities in which they live, but they often pass on a heritage of weakness to the next generation. The county studied is a backward rural county, such as may be found in many section of the United States. It boasts no town of more than 2,500 inhabitants. Bad roads and inadequate railroad facilities keep living conditions primitive. In a few homes spinning and weaving is still done on old-fashioned wheels and (Continued on page 8) THE BROAD AX. CHICAGO. MAY 31. 1919 TUSKEGEE INSTITUTE ALABAMA, SPECIAL:— One of the most pleasing features of the commencement program was held at the school on Thursday and on Monday evening at 7:30 o'clock in the Institute Chapel, the Phelps Hall Bible Training School, from which seven students were graduates this commencement, completed its twenty-seventh year with very appropriate exercises. Dr. W. W. Mathews, pastor of the Old Ship O. M. E. Zion Church, Montgomery, Alabama, delivered the principal address on this occasion, having for his text: "Wanted a Man." On Tuesday afternoon, at 4 o'clock the annual competitive drill took place on White Hall lawn. The first prive was awarded to Company "A" and the second prize to Company "I." In the evening occurred the contest which always arouses the greatest interest and enthusiasm among the students—the Annual Trinity Boston Prize Contest. It took place in the Institute Chapel at 7:30 o'clock, the first prize being taken by Harold Hogan, senior class( Des Moines, Iowa, whose subject was "The American Negro Soldiers Overseas", and the second prize by Henrietta A. V. Arrington, senior class Catherine, Ala., subject — "The Place of Woman in Reconstruction." At the conclusion of the Trinity contest, annual prizes were awarded which had been given by various friends of the school. On Wednesday afternoon, at four o'clock the young women students in physical training gave an exhibition on White Hall lawn and in the evening at 7:0 o'clock the annual Class Day Exercises were held on the steps of the Baldwin Memorial monument. Commencement Program But Thursday was, of course, the big day of the entire week's observances. The day's program the first part of which took alley place at ten o'clock a. m. and the second part at 2, p. m. was as follows: PROGRAM—Part One—10 A.M. Music—Orchestra. Music: Melody: "Deep River" (Burleigh)—Choir. Prayer. Salutary: ',New Methods of Cookink in the Home"'—Justine McNeil, Galveston, Texas. "The Effect of the War on the Trade of Tailoring"'—Otis McField, Roatan, Honduras, Central America. [Name] Hon. F. L. BARNETT Ex-Assistant States Attorney of Cook County well known lawyer who is always kept busy in looking after rthe interest of his many clients, in the various courts of this city and county, who may be induced to enter the race for delegate, to the Constitutional Convention from the Second Ward. "Importance of Project Training in Agriculture"—Robert Arnold, Hot Springs, Ark. Music: "A Dream" (Bartlett) Girls' Chorus. "A Pioneer Machinist in the Mission Field"—Ernest C. B. Jones, Robertsport, Liberia, Africa. "New Views on School Room Methods and Arrangements"—Susie Belle Griffith, Boonville, Indiana. Music: Melody: "Little Talk With Jesus Makes it Right" — School. "Improvement of Social Conditions in the Community"—Daniel C. Pope, Theodore, Ala. Music: "Faithful and True", from Lohengrin—Choir. Part Two—2 P. M. Music: "Anvil Chorus" Verdi Choir. Industrial Exhibition. Valedictory: "The Electrical Industry in the Period of Reconstruction"-Solomon A. V. Thompson, Jamaica, B. W. I. Music: Melody: "Arise and Shine for the Light is Coming" Choir. Alumni Address: "Augustus Simms, '09 Waugh, Ala. Music: "Pilgrams" Chorus:— (Verdi'— Choir. Commencement Address: Isaac Fisher, '98. Fisk University, Nash ville, Tennessee. Tuskegee Song. Awarding of Diplomas and Certificates. Music: America—School. Alternates: 1.— "Tuskegee's Electrical Equipment" — Clay Threatt, Plant, Texas. 2.— "Suggestions in Home Devices" — Mader Lucas, Lake- wood, Florida. SPECIAL DIPLOMAS Teacher - training Course in Home Economics and Agriculture, and Anplied Electricity. Colter, Mattie, Tuskekee, ala.; Day Myrtle, Montgomery, Ala.; Johnson, Clarence L., Kingsport, Texas.; Jackson, Isabella, Salem, Mass.; Miller, Sadie L. Fort Valley, Georgia; Lanier, Elizabeth Beaumont, Texas; Seward, John J. S., Totars, Virginia. GRADUATES OF PHELPS HALL TRAINIG SCHOOL Cole, Solomon Lovejoy, Kinder Louisiana; Coleman, William T., Linesville, Ala; Dotson, Hattie, Edwards Miss.; McField Otis Harrison, Houtan, Hondurars, Central America; Pope, Daniel Carlton, Theodore, Ala.; Tyndell, Henry R., Old Harbor Jamaica, B. W. I.; Tarver, Eufaula, Didway, Ala. M. B. DR. W. F. GARNETT Popular and progressive dentist of Evanston, Ill., who numbers some of its best white citizens, among his customers, who stands ace high with its best business men and leading bankers. DOCTOR W. F. GARNETT STANDS HIGH IN THE ESTIMATION OF THE BEST PEOPLE OF EVANSTON ILL. AND ALONG THE NORTH SHORE. It is safe to say; that Dr. W. F. Garnett, who is one of the leading dentists of Evanston, Ill. stands higher in the estimation of the solid business men, in that aristocratic city and along the North Shore, than any other Colored man in that section of this state. Dr. Garnett, was born at the corner of Polk and Clark street, in this city and while a mere little boy his parents removed with him to Evanston; where he has resided for fifty years. He was the first Colored boy, to attend and graduate from the public school of that city; he also has the honor of being the first Colored man, to attend and graduate from the Northwestern University, with high honor. NURSES WHO RECEIVED SPECIAL DIPLOMAS Bowen, Elinor Mildred, Jacksonsville, Flo.; Cunningham, Frederick D., Eufaula, Ala.; Gilmore Mary Louise, Denver, Colorado; Jarrett Willie P., Columbus, Ga.; Lay, Lilla Agnes, Rome, Ga.; Nichols Sallie Beatrice, Hilemann, Ark.; Rogers, Carolyn T., Albany, Ga.; Strong, Jesie Mae, Montgomery, Ala.; Warren, Bertha R., Temple, Texas. CHARLES SATCHELL MORRIS JR., ORATOR AND SCHOLAR Charles Satchell Morris, Jr. the brilliant and famous young eastern orator who has recently invaded the west has added new laurels in this youngest colored student to distinguish himself in scholastic and oratorical contests in the east has decided to prosecute his college course in Illinois. Many will recall with very deep interest that when three years ago, at the age of 1 he vanquished ten white competitors on the oratorical platform in the Mount Vernon High School, New York, winning a gold purse, the white press referred to him as a "Native born Cuban". Mr. Morris was quick to deny this and asserted with pride and vehement that he was a Negro. A month later, in May of 1916, he won second prize in Galley 11 the State of New York at Hamilton College, Clinton, where 12 prize winners competed for the oratorical championship of the state. In December, 1917, he won the championship of New York State, competing against fifteen other speakers, under the auspices of Columbia University, While attending that institution he was a short stop and home runner of the base ball team. He was the head of the movement to build the Y.M.C.A. at Evanston and served as its first chairman of its Esecutive Board. Dr. Garnett and Mayor Harry Pearson, grew up boys together and Dr. Garnett, calls him Harry and Mayor Pearson addresses him as will and they frequelty lunch together. Dr. Garnett, can walk into any bank in Evanston, and pull down one to three thousand dollars on his single note, or simply I.O.U. which proves; that he goes big with the bankers and business men of Evanston. Dr and Mrs. Garnett, own a lovely home at 4336 Forestville avenue and they have a large circle of friends among the best people in Chicago. He is the popular President of the Forestville Ave., Improvement Association with headquarters at 4350 Forestville, Ave. when the president of that institution, Dr. Nicholas Murray Butler, presentd him the prize with his heartiest felicitations. Mr. Morris speaks Sunday, June 1st. at St. Stephens Church and at St. Marks on Monday, June 9th; July 7th he speaks at Friendship Baptist Church, his subject being "The Hour Has Come." Last Sunday, May 25th, he was accorded a most rousing reception at St. John's A.M.E. church where he delivered an address. NEW CODE BILL PASSES HOUSE Springfield, Ill. — The constitutional convention bill passed the House Wednesday by a vote of 102 to 1. Representative S. B. Turner, colored, of Chicago, cast the dissenting vote. This measure already has passed the Senate and now goes to the Governor. It provides for a constitutional convention to be held in Springfield Jan. 6, 1920, when the laws of the state will be revised. Amendments to the measure provide salaries of $3,500 for delegates who are to be elected in the Fall, and $500,000 for expenses of the convention. The bill was introduced in the Senate early in the session by Senator Curtis. Col. Henry (Teenan) Jones, head of the Elite No. 2, 3445 S. State Street, states that the articles running in this paper, on the Eighth Regiment in France, by Chaplain W. S. Braddan, are the finest things that he has even read. PAGE FIVE PAGE SIX Alexandria. Alexandria, founded by the world conqueror, Alexander the Great, is an Egyptian city that is eager to lose its connection with the faraway past and become completely modernized. Fate has favored this ambition, for the wonders that Cleopatra knew have been eaten by fire or swept away by the sea. Alexandria is a city of trade and fashion, dominated by prosperous Europeans too deeply absorbed in the stock exchange to be even vaguely interested in the romantic side of their city. Tides of the Ocean. The incoming and the outgoing of the tides is caused by the gravitational influence of the moon. The moon, so to speak, draws or lifts the water from the depths on the same principle that a pump lifts water. And as with a pump, the water rushes in to fill the space left; so the shallow water near shore rushes out to fill the extra space caused by rising of the water, on the principle that water seeks its own level. World's Largest Building The Vatican palace at Rome is the largest building in the world, covering 18% acres, but with its additions and enlargements it was several centuries in building. The most extensive building in the world constructed at one time is the Pennsylvania station in New York city, which occupies eight acres of ground and has exterior walls measuring about one-half a mile. The capitol at Washington covers 153,112 square feet, or nearly four acres. Washington's Advisers When Washington formed his cabinet it had but four members, the interior department being unknown, the war and navy departments being under one head, and the postmaster general being subordinate to the treasury. Nevertheless of these four positions, he gave two to Virginians, Secretary of State Jefferson and Attorney General Randolph; one to New York, Alexander Hamilton, and one to Massachusetts, Henry Knox. Readers There are four sorts of readers: hour glass readers, whose reading runs in and out and leaves nothing; sponge readers, who imbibe all but only to give it out again as they got it, and perhaps not so clear; jelly-bag readers, who keep the dregs and refuse, and let the pure run through; diamond readers, who cast aside all that is worthless and hold only gems. Sympathetic Brothera. The boys of the neighborhood were anticipating the time when they could go fishing. Everett, noticing his little sister standing inside the yard, watching them wistfully through the fence, and listening to their plans without joining the conversation, remarked in an aside to his companions: "Gee, it must be tough to be only a girl." Animals and Earthquakes One of the mysteries still unsolved is that of the sense by which the lower animals become aware of the approach of earthquakes. Birds and rats become alarmed and try to escape. Super-sensitiveness to false shocks scarcely gives satisfactory explanation, for modern seismographs are very sensitive. Cause for Thankfulness The first reason for being thankful in the morning is that you have lived to see the dawn of another day, with opportunities to finish something begin the day before and to begin something that you may be able to do better than you have ever done anything before. Asbestos Deposits In the Kotzebue sound region, western Alaska, there are asbestos deposits said to rival the richest in the world. Asbestos, in its natural or virgin state, is as white as snow, soft as the softest silk and lies in long strings or layers, easily torn apart with the fingers. Utilizing Time. "Ladies," announced the president of an afternoon bridge club. "It has been moved and seconded that there shall be no conversation at the card tables. What shall we do with the motion?" "I suggest," said a sprightly member, "that we discuss it while we play." The Church-Goers If some men were to quote the well-known psalm they would have to say, "I was glad to make excuses when they said to us, 'let us go into the house of the Lord.'" The 'they' referring probably to the women of the house, or the church-going neighbors.—Exchange. Poesy's Appeal Never did poesy appear so full of heaven to me as when I saw how it pierced through pride and fear to the lives of the coarsest men.—Lowell. "A real loafer," said Uncle Eben, "oh! satisfied to get along without work. He wants busy folks to quit dear jobs to admire him." < Chinese Sweetmeats The Chinese are very skillful in making confectionery and possess the reputation of having some secrets the knowledge of which our own confectioners would find very desirable. They are able to empty an orange of its pulp entirely and then fill it up with fruit jelly without one being able to find the smallest cut in the rind or even a tiny hole. Indeed, they even empty an egg in this manner and fill it with a sort of almond nougat, without one being able to find the slightest break or incision in the shell. Rosin Cement. To fasten knives, screw drivers, etc, securely into their handles of stag, bone or wood, without using rivets, bore or burn a hole somewhat larger than the metal to be inserted into the handle. Fill loosely with equal parts of powdered rosin and fine, sharp sand. Make notches with chisel or file on handle part of knife, then heat and insert it. The rosin and sand will melt and cement the handle into place. Its position can be adjusted while still warm. When cool it will be strong and neat. Relics of a Past Race The great ceremonial cave or Kiva, where the people's councils evidently assembled, is located two-thirds of the way up the side of a cliff, in a cave inaccessible, save with ladders. The temple is carved out of the solid rock, partly by nature and partly by hand. Little is known about the forgotten people that once lived in this beautiful retreat in New Mexico, although many of the symbols of a race that was are visible in the interiors of the recently discovered homes. Sun Nearest Earth. The sun is nearest the earth—or perhellon—at the beginning of the year, or when the northern hemisphere has winter. It is at its greatest distance, or aphellon, about the middle of the year, or during the summer of the northern hemisphere. The least distance of the sun from the earth is more than 91,000,000 miles, and the greatest more than 94,000,000. The mean distance is commonly stated as 92,900,000. Making Friends If one would have friends she must prove a friend. We cannot play a grouchy part and favorably impress others around us. Whatever Fate has sent us or denied us in the way of good looks doesn't matter. If we would be happy and help some one to feel likewise, we must put self in the background occasionally and show to that "some one" that we want to be her friend. — New York Evening Telegram. Total of Fourteen Put your mathematical friend to the test by asking him to name five uneven figures which, when added together, total 14. After he has given it up set down for him three ones and the figure 11. If he argues that 11 is only one figure, tell him that 11 is made up of two figures. If that solution doesn't satisfy him give him this one: Four ones equal four. Set down another one in front of the four and you have fourteen. Animal and Brute Broadly speaking, an animal is any living organism other than a plant, a creature that has some mode of reproduction and of respiration. The term "brute" refers to one of the higher quadrupeds, such as cows, horses, dogs, or to any animal lower than man. In a restricted sense the term "animal" is often used as a synonym for "brute." Her Occupation Louise's mother was busy club woman and was always serving on some committee. When Louise came home from her first day at kindergarten her mother said: "Well, dear, what did you do today?" "O," said Louise, with a patronizing air, "I was appointed on a committee to string beeds." Human Ant Hill. In southern Tunisia is a mountain of considerable size called Douriat, which once upon a time was an active volcano. Bubbles of volcanic gases made it a veritable honeycomb of caves, which in these days are inhabited. In fact, the whole mountain is a city—a human anthill, densely populated. On Probation, as It Were On Probation, as it Were. Preparatory to showing Elmer his new sister, his father said: "What do you say to getting a new baby at our house, sonny?" Elmer thought a moment and then said: "Let's just rent one till we see how we like it, for Jimmy (Elmer's chum) says he is tired of his; it cries all the time." Had Him There "Deacon Simms 'low he doan' approve o' churches advertisin," remarked Shinbone; "but when Ah ast blm, in det case, wufto he ring the church bell fo' service he jes' had nuffn' to say."—Boston Evening Transcript. Daily Thought. Let time' that makes you homely, make you sure—Parmell. THE BROAD AX, CHICAGO, MAY 31, 1919 Insects Preserved In Ambon In a collection of red amber presented to the British museum, Prof. T. D. Cockerell has recognized an astonishing variety of insect forms, and has described not less than 31 new species, of which five are types of new genera. Most of them were found in a single block little larger than a man's fist, which was cut into half-inch slices, in every one of which the insects are densely crowded. The amber is from Miocene clay beds of Burma, though perhaps washed from still older deposits, and nearly every large order of insects is represented, the family of ants being a notable exception. God of the Lower World. In one temple of Japan the image is a Japanese conception of the god of the lower world. The figure has an unusual history. An image maker, it is said, died. When he appeared before the lord of the other world, he was told that in his lifetime he had never represented the lord of the world properly, and that he must return to earth and make a correct likeness. The figure is pointed out as the result of the order. It is so horrible with its red face and malevolent glare that the story seems plausible. Cress Wonderful Canoelista "The Ojibway, the Cree and the Montagnais are the most wonderful canoemen in the world." says S. E. Sangster, writing of "The Woods Indian" in Boys' Life. "They possess a sixth sense in rapid-running and if they say 'run it' you can safely lay a bet at odds that they will run it and come through dry—even through water the mere glimpse of which makes your hair stand up and sends chills chasing up and down your spine." Can Always Bely on Grandma Oliver was in the habit of going to his grandma for favors, and was never disappointed. While playing with the other boys of the neighborhood their football came apart, and they thought they could sew it together if they only had a piece of shoestring. Oliver came to the rescue. "Let's go and ask grandma for a shoestring," he suggested. "You can get about anything you ask for over at grandma's." Keeping Cider Sweet To keep cider sweet place in each barrel immediately on making, mustard, four ounces; salt, one ounce, and ground chalk, one ounce. Shake well. Or cider may be preserved sweet by canning in alight cans after the manner of preserving fruit. The liquid should be first settled and racked off from the dregs, but fermentation must not be allowed to commence before canning or it will not keep. Officers' Hat Cords Hat cords of general officers are gold; of all other officers, gold and black; of men in infantry, light blue; of men in cavalry, yellow; of men in artillery, scarlet; in quartermaster corps, buff; medical department, maroon; corps of engineers, scarlet and white; ordinance department, black and scarlet; signal corps, orange and white. Feeding Rabbit Rabbits need not only green feed, but a solid staple meal every day—preferably of grain—but that is a difficulty at present; bread may be substituted, with a little bran or oatmeal, and always plenty of clean water or milk and water. Trouble in the Future The pessimist is always anticipating new varieties of trouble. One contemporary gloomster casts his eye forward to the day when wireless telephony will be so perfect that a man will have a receiver in his hat and be managed by his wife all the time. Many Like Him. All newspapers often have advertisements which could be rewritten advantageously. But it took a church paper to offer the most original one yet: "Wanted—A minister who has been married 22 years is very desirous of securing a change." Cannibal Movie Fans New Zealand Maoris, native Javanese and the cannibals of the South Sea islands have developed a ravenous appetite for the American movie stars. Their appetite, however, doesn't crave blood. They want them on the screen. World's Urgent Need The state will be saved if the Lord puts it into the heart of the average man so to shape his life that the state shall be worth saving, and only on those terms. We need civic righteousness.—Theodore Roosevelt. Had Him There. "Deacon Simms 'low he doan' approve o' churches advertisin," remarked Skinbone; "but when Ah ast him, in dat ease, wunfo' he ring the church bell fo' service, he jes' had nuffin' to say."—Boston Transcript. Says the Office Humorist. The cleverest gardener in the world cannot grow an oak tree out of a rose bush. But the stupidest pipe smoker can make the "ash" grow inside the "brian." Famous Balkan Tribe. Famous Balkan Tribe. The Mirdites are perhaps the most interesting tribe in the Balkans. They have remained Christians in spite of all the efforts of the Moslems. They claim their language is the purest of the peninsula—an Aryan tongue much of whose vocabulary is said to resemble classical Greek and Latin, and to be allied with them rather than derived from them. They have always been famed as the finest fighting men in Albania, a country in which most men fight or have fought, and there is no race in the world more independent. Kindness Counts for Much. There's no telling what a little kindness will do. Assumed superiority is no guarantee of greatness. The really big soul can afford to be kind and gentle. As the gentle rootlets move stones and split rocks, so gentle characters accomplish things undreamed of by rougher characters. This does not prohibit the use of firmness, when necessary. But even that may be applied with such gentleness that it will get results without offending. This is beyond the reach of some men.—Exchange. Great Writer's Wondrous Canes. Great Writers' Wonderful Cane. One of the famous canes of the world was that of Balzac. It gave him, according to one of his observant contemporaries, "a rupture of self-satisfied vanity. It was as big as a drum major's staff, and was ablaze with rubles, diamonds, emeralds and sapphires. On it was a huge gold knob containing a lock of hair of a lady admirer. Balzac never appeared in public without that stick, and all the jewels that he bought or had presented to him he put into the cane." Playing Cards Although it is commonly reported that playing cards were invented in France in 1392 to divert Charles VI, D'Allemagne, a French writer on the subject mentions them as being in use in Belgium in 1379, and probably something analogous to them—marked discs or counters—have been employed in the East from remote antiquity. It is now usually thought that it was in Italy playing cards were first made, about 1370, and at Vance. The Orators While it sometimes seems that oratory is now a lost art, we are of the opinion that it is an art that never can be lost. We shall have great orators again. The names and the memories of Demosthenes, Cicero, Paul, Webster and Ingolson are not forgotten, nor are they likely to be. While the human heart leaps with joy or sinks with sorrow, the orator's forum will be preserved and his power will endure. Uncovered Fine Sapphires In 1882 there occurred in the Sinda pass of the Himalayas a great landslide, which uncovered a wonderful sapphire-bearing deposit. From the latter have since been obtained many of the finest existing sapphires. Aside from this deposit the most important source of fine gem stones of the kind is a district in Ceylon. Beauty of the Dawn It is at dawn that the world awakes rested and refreshed from a night's sleep as a man awakes rested and refreshed from good slumber. The breath of the world is sweetest at dawn, its face is fairest then, its voice more musical and harmonious. The dust and the grime of the day have been brushed from it. On Valuing Men We commend a horse for his strength, and sureness of foot, and not for his rich caparisons; a greyhound for his wondrous speed, not for his fine collar; a hawk for her wing, not for her jesses and bells. Why, in like manner, do we not value a man for what is properly his own?—Montigne. Music and Appetite Many great musical composers had exceptionally large appetites. When Handel dined alone at a restaurant he ordered a meal for three. Haydn, yet more voracious, delighted in dining alone, and was known to consume a meal that would have satisfied five ordinary appetites. Cloth of the Ancients The cloth woven by the ancient Egyptian was so durable that, though it has been used for thousands of years as wrappings of the mummies, the Arabs of today can wear it. It is all of linen, the ancient Egyptians considering wool unclean. Horse's Sense of Hearing In the horse the sense of hearing is quite wonderful. Each ear can be turned, exactly half-way around. The right or off ear turns to the right, the left ear to the left, thus being able to hear in a circle when his head is in a stationary position. And What Would the Papers Do? If it were not for our mistakes life would be pretty monotonous.—Boston Transcript. Death Valley. Death valley is a narrow valley between the Panamint and Funeral mountains in California. It is traversed by the Amargara river, which is usually a dry channel, though probably it was formerly full of water. The level of the valley is covered with salt, supposed to have been brought by the torrents from the surrounding desert and left on the evaporation of the water. Death valley is considered to be the hottest and driest place in the United States. A temperature of 122 degrees has been observed. Sky Went Along. A woman was leaving a home where she had been very happy, and, as she boarded the train which was to take her away, the tears came fast. Her little son, anxious to comfort her, tried the effect of a cheering discovery he had just made. "Why, mother," he exclaimed, "the sky is going right along with us." Other faint-hearted people need to make the same discovery. No matter what we leave behind, the best goes with us. FInd Indian Stone Celta. In an article on Indian stone celts in the Wisconsin Archeologist, Charles E. Brown, chief of the state historical museum, describes the various classes of celts, or stone hatchets, and in what Wisconsin localities many of them have been found. Jefferson county has been the source of many celts, and other counties in which they have been found are Dane, Calumet, Brown, Waupaca, Walworth, Winnebago, Waukesha and Washington. Qui: War With Spain On the 18th of April, 1808, the United States senate and the house of representatives declared jointly that the Cubans "are and of a right ought to be free and independent" and empowered President McKinley to use the land and naval forces of the United States to their utmost capacity to carry the resolution into effect. This resolution constituted our declaration of war against Spain. Battle of San Jacinto The battle of San Jacinto was fought April 21, 1836, between 1,600 Mexicans under Santa Anna and 800 Americans under Sam Houston. Santa Anna was defeated and he and 730 of his men were captured, 630 killed and 208 wounded. The Texan loss was 2 killed and 28 wounded. This battle decided the independence of Texas, and the day is observed in the state as a holiday. The Making of a Match. Thorpe gives the following proportions for match head and for striking surface: Head composition: Potassium chlorate, five parts; potassium bichromat, two parts; glass powder, three parts; gum, two parts. Rubbing surface: Antimony trisulfid, five parts; red phosphorus, three parts; manganese dioxide, one and one-half parts; glue, four parts.—Electrical Experimenter. Household Suggestion. A Los Angeles woman says now that men have been taught to cook and keep house in the army, they should go ahead and cook and keep house indefinitely, leaving the women free to reform the world. Will the women agree, then, not to bring guests home to dinner without first calling up to find out whether there is enough food in the house to feed them? A. Russell Story. A story that the late G. W. H. Russell told with gusto was of a mayor in a north of England town. His worship presented some seats for the sea front, and had this inscribed on them: "Presented to the borough by the mayor. Ald. Boggins. The sea is his and he made it."—London Chronicle. Peculiar Feeling. Cella had been ill for many weeks. One day when she was stronger and had been put in a chair, she slipped down to the floor and stood for a moment on her feet. "Oh," she said, in a much surprised voice, "I feel heavy to myself." Why Be Thankful? One good reason for being thankful all the time is that you have cool water to drink, wholesome food to eat, and fresh air to breathe. These make it possible to enjoy the kind of health that brings the state of good feeling called happiness. Silly Jamie. The other day Jamie came running into the house crying at the top of his voice. He was followed by Jane, who explained by saying: "Mother, I'm 'shamed of Jamie—he's so unbrave, crying 'cause a little dog chased him." Proper Food Important "As a man thinkketh so is he." Yes; but also: "As a man eateth so doth he think." For the brain, a part of the body, is built of food.—Los Angeles Times. Daily Thought. To be trusted is a greater compliment than to be loved.—George Macdonald. Pays to Be Agreeable It's never too late to prepare for what is left of life. The best gift is to be able to cultivate your agreeable traits of character early in life. Gentleness that blossoms into culture with youth saves many a heartache. But you are never too late to improve. Why use harsh, biting words when gentle ones will do more good? You will feel better and so will everyone else. You don't have to be a fawning courtier. Just be your natural self warmed by the good graces of cultivated manners. They will help you to health, wealth and happiness—Grit Silks of Seville Four hundred years ago the silk of Seville; then the most famous in the world, were exported to all countries, for Spain was the first nation of western Europe to take up silk culture. The climate of Spain is excellent for this industry, and fine silk worms, such as were employed when silk cultivation was at its height, are available in the foothills of the Sierra Nevada, near Granada. This worm has a life of 50 days, and in the first 30 it grows to thousands of times its original weight. Important Question A little boy of five was traveling south with his parents to visit an aunt whom he had never seen. He was very curious about this relative and asked his father and mother less questions concerning her. As the journey drew to its close the little fellow was amazed to see many negroes at every station. Suddenly a look of consternation dawned on his face and turning to his mother he cried in a voice of alarm: "Mamma, mamma, what color is Aunt Jen?"—St. Louis Globe-Democrat. The Beaver's Memory For generations beavers flourished in the rivers of France till killed off for their furs, and they are now known only on the Rhone. near Avignon, where for three centuries there have been no trees to cut down. The animals consequently burrowed in the banks, but when transferred to Poland at once resumed the tree-cutting habits dropped by their ancestors 200 years before. Cultivate Confidence The man or woman who ventures much, may fail often, but he will achieve in proportion to those very failures because he will use each one as a stepping stone to higher effort. But the man or woman who quibbles, reconsiders, hesitates and weighs every gain against a greater loss, is a predestined failure, because his very attitude of mind courts that condition which he should avoid—Exchange. His Occupation Returning from school one day, Earl announced that his teacher was going to leave and that the class would not have a new teacher. His mother inquired what had happened to his teacher, and he replied: "Why, she is going to get married." His mother asked who she was going to marry, "I don't know," he replied, "but he keeps a toothache office down the street." Reversing the Compliment A cashier of somewhat portly build was frowning over a statement of accounts just placed before him by his pretty typist. "As a young lady," he said, "I admire your type, but I can't honestly say I admire your typing." "How funny!" she replied smartly. "We are so different, for, though you are of course splendid at figures, no one could say you have a splendid figure." Overworked Word It has been estimated by a reliable statistician that if the printed letters forming the word "co-operation" were clipped from the magazines, all the times that they occur therein during any six months of the year, and placed end to end, they would reach three times the distance from the earth to the moon. This Generation's Duty The breath is the life, and we cannot know too much about breathing. If the people of this generation will learn how to supply their lungs with pure oxygen and leave their bodies free from compression over the solar plexus life in the next generation will be prolonged many years and disease will be lessened to a great degree. Animals in Captivity Captivity causes many wild animals to live shorter lives than they would if left in their natural habitat. This is peculiarly true of foxes and monkeys. Gorillas and apes die so soon after being captured that they are rarely seen in zoological gardens. Turtles, elephants and snakes seem to suffer not at all from captivity. Deep Diving. The greatest depth ever reached by a diver is said to be 204 feet. The greatest depth at which useful work has been done is 182 feet. Sponge and pearl divers, working without armor, frequently descend to depths of about 150 feet. Daily Thought Tomorrow is a satire on today, and shows its weakness.—Young. Stop Thief! THE "Jumbo" gas burner shown here at the right, (actual size) is a robber on any gas lighting fixture in Chicago. If you have one, get rid of it! It makes high gas bills and causes a great many of the complaints that come to us. Claims that a "Jumbo" will give more light without using more gas are false. Use mantle burners to get more light with less gas. Burning five hours a day for a month, the "Jumbo" consumes $2.30 worth of gas; a "Junior" mantle burner, in the same time, consumes only 39 cents worth, or $1.91 less, and gives much more light. We sell "Junior-Mantle" lights complete for only fifteen cents, (which is less than "Jumbos" usually cost) or give one free, in exchange for a "Jumbo," at our main office or any of these stores: This Is the "JUNIOR MANTLE" Telephone Calumet 602-3572 MORRIS, Pres. KIRBY W RRIS-WA COAL CO. HUGH NORRIS, Pres. IS-WARD AL CO. NORRIS-WA COAL CO. Incorporated 2545 SOUTH PARK AVENUE Chicago THE CR Apartment 3600 WABA The finest building ever open cago. Steam heat, electric light THE CRANFORD department Building 3600 WABASH AVENUE It building ever opened to Colored ten- am heat, electric lights, tile baths, ma CRANFORD ment Building WABASH AVENUE or opened to Colored tenants in Chi- tric lights, tile baths, marble entrance THE FORTY-FOURTH STREET The finest building ever opened to Colored tenants in Chicago. Steam heat, electric lights, tile baths, marble entrance tise in the BROA n the BROAD AX Advertise in Advertise in the BROAD AX John Tyler's Career. On March 29, 1790, John Tyler, death president of the United States, was born in Charles City county, Virginia. Tyler was inaugurated vice president in 1841 and in the April following he was inaugurated as president to fill the place of William Henry Harrison, who had died. He served as president until 1845. After the organization of the Confederacy Tyler was elected a member of the Confederate progress. He died at Richmond, January 18, 1862. Bactericides. Most fruit juices, through their acids, were found in Japanese experiments to destroy the bacillus of typhoid and other bacteria; but sugars and starches, even in the strongest solutions, had no antiseptic effect. The strongest bactericide of the vegetable acids proved to be tannic acid, which was followed in order by citric, taric and malic. Imitation "lemudes" prepared with various acids, especially with hydrochloric acid, had considerable bactericidal action. Phone Main 263 West Side 3643 Irving Park Blvd. 2142 West Madison St. 408 West North Ave. 1709 West 12th St. South Side 1641 Milwaukee Ave. 731 West 63rd St. 3221 Ogden Ave. 3478 Archer Ave. 4033 West Madison St. 103-5 East 35th St. North Side 9051 Commercial St. 3071 Lincoln Ave. 11025 Michigan Ave. The Peoples Gas Light & Coke Co. Michigan Avenue at Adams Street Telephone Wabash 6000 KIRBY WARD, See J. W. CASEY, Agent 133 W. Washington Street A lake near Biggar, Saskatchewan, has been found to be saturated with sodium sulphate, and the deposits under the lake and alongside the edge to be nearly 97 per cent pure sulphate. The mineral is used extensively in the manufacture of sulphuric acid, in photography and other industrial purposes. Cleaning Wallpaper. To clean and polish wallpaper, add two tablespoonfuls of ammonia to half a painful of water, and wash the walls down with a fannel dipped in this. Take half a painful of water and add two tablespoonfuls of turpentine. Wash the walls a second time with this and wine as dry as possible. Good Rule for Life. We are ruined, not by what we really want, but by what we think we do; therefore, never go abroad in search of your wants; for if they be real wants they will come in search of you. He that buys what he does not want will soon want what he cannot buy - Colton. ```markdown ``` THE BROAD AX, CHICAGO, MAY 31, 1919 PATRONIZE OUR ADVERTISERS As Near As Your Telephone DISTANCE IMMATERIAL IN a Metropolitan City of this size, death knocks every thirty minutes at some door. Too often that death not only brings sorrow, but misfortune as well. Let the price you pay for a funeral be a business proposition and you will benefit by it in service, quality and cost to you in dollars and cents. The result of my campaign has built for me one of the largest and most magnificent establishments in the world. A visit will convince you. Consult me, I can save you Worry, Time and Money. Shipping to all parts of the Country and Automobile Funerals a Specialty. Central Display Rooms and Chapel. Call promptly answered day or night. OWNERS AND DIRECTORS DAN M. JACKSON GEO. T. KERSEY Phones Calumet 6164 DAVID A McGOWAN Automatic 71-629 AHMED A. RAYNER OPEN DAY AND NIGHT The Emanuel Jackson Undertaking Co., Inc. JOHN H. HARRIS Consult me, I can save you Worry, Time Shipping to all parts of the Country and Funerals a Specialty. Central Display Chapel. Call promptly answered day or Ernest H. William KENWOOD 455 Undertaker 5028 and 5030 S. State St., OWNERS AND DAN M. JACKSON GEO. T. KERSEY DAVID A McGOWAN AHMED A. RAYNER OPEN DAY The Emanu Undertaking 2959-61 South Reliable Service Reasonal FREE CHAPEL Complete Line of Funeral Go Residence: 508 East 36th Street Phone Douglas 4397 J. GRAY LUCAS Attorney At Law Suite 815 Hartford Building 8 S. Dearborn St., Chicago. Phone Central 6583 Tel. Central 3142 S. A. T. WATKINS LAWYER 36 WEST RANDOLPH STREET CHICAGO Residence, 4533 Prairie Avenue Phone Kenwood 8520 WALTER M. FARMER ATTORNEY AND COUNSELOR AT LAW NOTARY PUBLIC Suite 708 184 W. Washington St. Tel., Office, Main 4153 Auto 33736 CHICAGO Residence, 1262 Macalister Place Tel. Monroe 2714 Attorney At Law Suite 318-320 REAPER BLOCK Clark and Washington Streets Phone Central 1239 CHICAGO PHONE MAIN 2214 A. D. GASH Attorney At Law 118 North La Salle Street CHICAGO Res. 3855 Prairie Ave., Phone Douglas 9133 Phones: Main 2017, Auto. 32-395 A. L. WILLIAMS ATTORNEY AND COUNSELOR AT LAW Suite 706 Firmenich Building 184 W. Washington St., Chicago. LAUREL DIRECTORS Phones Calumet 6164 Automatic 71-629 END NIGHT Jael Jackson Bug Co., Inc. State Street Courteous Treatment Prices CONNECTION Automobiles for Hire Residence 3419 South Park Ave. PHONE DOUGLAS 9354 WM. J. LATHAM Attorney At Law OFFICE PHONE: CALUMET 875 2 EAST 31ST STREET Suite 7 CHICAGO F. Dunn, J. B. McCahey, Trusees Tel.: Oakland 1552, 1551, 1550 JOHN J. DUNN ESTABLISHED 1877 Wholesale and Retail COAL Fifty-First and Federal Sts. CHICAGO KINKY HAIR Atlanta, Ga. Ensino Med. Co. Gentlemen. My picture shows you what your fine EXELENTO QUININE POMADE has done for my hair. Before I used it my hair was short and coarse, and now it is 24 inches long, and so soft and silly that I can do it up any way I want to. JANIE RAND. Don't let some fake Kink Remover fool you. You really can't straighten your hair until it's nice and long. The best EXELENTO QUININE POMADE. doze, removes Dandruff, feeds the Roots of the hair, and makes it grow long, soft and silky after using it. Feeding you can tell the difference, and after a little while it will be so pretty and long that you can fix it up to suit you. If Exelente do not do as satisfying will play your second back- 25c by mail on receipt of stamps or coin. AGENTS WANTED EVERYWHERE. Write For Purposes. EXELENTO BEDDICINE CO., Atlanta, Ga. NOW IS THE TIME TO SUBSCRIBE FOR THE BROAD AX --- A. F. CODOZOE J. H. WHISTON, Proprietors CHAS. HARRIS, Manager The Elite Cafe and Buffet 3030 STATE STREET National 4300 So. Space for Offices, Lodge and Assemble Spacious Dance H Halls in Chicago J. L. Slaugh 4300 So. STATE STR Chicago Title a STATE OUR BUSIN been that of sh real estate titles The millions to build and reb furnished relying ABSTRACTS a No man has lo This is our pa Wise men ju behavior CHICAGO TITLE National Hall Blvd. 4300 So. State St. Home for Offices, Professional and O rge and Assembly Halls. ... Larger vious Dance Hall. ... Best Ventil ies in Chicago for Rent. :: :: National Hall Bldg 4300 So. State St. Space for Offices, Professional and Others Lodge and Assembly Halls. .. Large and Spacious Dance Hall. .. Best Ventilated Halls in Chicago for Rent. :: :: :: Slaughter Real Estate STATE STREET TEL. DREXI CAGO Title and Trust Company STATED BRIEFLY: OUR BUSINESS SINCE 1847 en that of showing the condition real estate titles. The millions upon millions requi build and rebuild Chicago have be finished relying on the accuracy of STRACTS and TITLE POLICY. No man has lost a dollar by so rely This is our past. Wise men judge future action by havior CAGO TITLE AND TRUST COM Chicago Title and Trust Company OUR BUSINESS SINCE 1847 has been that of showing the condition of real estate titles. The millions upon millions required to build and rebuild Chicago have been furnished relying on the accuracy of our ABSTRACTS and TITLE POLICIES. No man has lost a dollar by so relying. This is our past. Wise men judge future action by past behavior CHICAGO TITLE AND TRUST COMPANY 69 W. Washington Street Assets exceed $12,000,000.00 No deposits or demand liabilities. TELEPH GEORGE E TELEPHONE DOUGLAS 1 RGE F. HARDING GEORGE F. HARDING, JR. Up-to-Date or Modern Houses Apartments and Stores to Rent 3101 Cottage Grove Avenue Corner 31st Street, Chicago JOHNSON EXPRESS, STORAGE AND VAN CO. EXPERT PIANO MOVERS—AUTO SERVICE Packers, Shippers and Storage TRUNKS TO AND FROM ALL DEPOTS Main Office: 1431 East 67th Street Branch Office: 444 E. 39th St., near Vernon Ave. CHICAGO, ILL AUTO. 72-379 Phones: DOUGLAS 3256 DOUGLAS 5071 All Bldg State St. General and Others ... Large and Best Ventilated Real Estate DEL. DREXEL 7812 Trust Company FLY: Since 1847 has the condition of millions required Mago have been accuracy of our POLICIES. r by so relying. action by past TRUST COMPANY LAS 1 RDING. JR. —APPLY— PAGE SEVEN CHICAGO THE BROAD AX In this city since July 15th, 1899, without missing one single issue. Republicans, Democrats, Catholics, Protestants, Single Taxers, Priests, infidels or anyone else can have their say as long as their language is proper and responsibility is fixed. PAGE EIGHT THE BRAD PUBLISHED IN In this city since July 15th, the Republicans, Democrats, Catholics infidels or anyone else can have proper and responsibility is fixed. The Broad Ax is a newspaper all, ever claiming the editorial local communications will not on one side of the paper. Subscriptions must be paid One Year Six Months Advertising rates made known VOL. XXIV. Address all c THE B 6206 South Elizabate Phone Wet JULIUS F. TAYLOR DR. M. A. MAJORS 4700 South Phone D IMPORTANT For resolutions, obituary not special announcements of events sion is made, and the opening o cents per line; 6 words or fraction Personal or social items such everything of a general interest, Entered as Second-Class Matter, August Under Act of THE DEVILS FOOTPRINTS By Dr. M. A. Majors Kept on the jump by your dam prejudices, here and there, and everywhere I turn, is it any wonder that the Negro can not think outside of his race, and environment? This is putting a question squared against the proposition of an insane color prejudice. The Negro is not insipid, upstartish nor contemptable. It is the only manner he has to show to other people that he is not grinning a idiot, an agreeable fool, nor overcome with emotion when some white person is decent enough to threat him like a real human being. Notice on street car, or anywhere the funny silly way the poor whites emphasize that they feel themselves too good to sit by a respectable colored person. The indignity is not only insulting; it is uncalled for. They turn away from you as if you were a bear or gorilla; and as if they had something the great God had bennethed to them alone. Yet in spite of this all but hell we are living in, some mangy little curs of another race would dare to make themselves uncharitable because of their own lack of some high principles which they fearfully need to be as good as the colored people to whom they exhibit such rude behavior. The time is long past when anybody can consign the Negro to a restricted limitation, because he has a dark skin. Many of the colored men one meets has been to Harvard, Yale, Oberlin, Amherst, Williams, Lincoln, Fisk, and Atlanta Universities, and it is just as true of many of our colored women. Many of the colored men one comes in contact with could write a check for ten or twenty thousand dollars and have it honored at any of the large banks. Often we are led to pity the sad spectacle of some little white somebody acting ugly, with nothing on earth to be proud of but a white skin lacking desperately in all other essentials to make them anybody at all. No other race has to suffer the damnation of Color but the Negro. If when he overcomes the obstacles that other races in common have to overcome, why should the color of skin bar him from equal opportunities? Recently a black man sold at the Stock Yards, in Chicago, four thousand heads of cattle. He was reputed to be worth two hundred thousand dollars. He was dined and wined at best hostilities. Why, because he had shared equally in the opportunities to create wealth, and color was forgotten. He had some trouble in proving himself to be a Negro. This at once makes the color bogie a contemptable farce and makes the idiot who fumes and svweats in coming face to face with respectable cultivated -Ne groes a lying hypocrit whose head is deseases because he is without brains, and whose heart is rotten. because of wanton degredation. You'll no doubt, see what the write means, and it is to laugh.— UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR looms handed down from Revolutionary times. Whipping remains a punishment for larceny. School and church "social" and yearly camp meetings are about the only recreational activities in the remoter districts. The towns present a few more advantages, but the general "backwardness" is reflected in the high infant mortality and reath rate, the prevalence of child labor, the lack of proper educational facilities, and the absence of provision for the mentally retarded. The 192 feeble-minded children studied were between the ages of 6 and 20. Twenty-seven of them were so defective that they could not attend to their personal needs; 65 had serious physical handicaps; 86 were not receiving the care they should have. Only 4 children hed been placed in an institution, unfortunately the county almshouse, which was not adapted to the care of such cases and had not the legal control necessary to insure proper protection. The parents of 54 per cent of the white children and 71 per cent of the Colored children who were living in their own homes, were without the means to provide properly for their families. "The burden of the defective children, some of whom were incapable of self-help, and few of whom could ever hope to become self-supporting, was especially heavy under such circumstances."— THE BROAD AX, CHICAGO, MAY 31, 1919 EDITORIAL PAGE for special training. The schools, indeed, were inedecate for the needs of normal children. Most of them were of the one-room, one-teacher type, and many of them were so situated that numbers of children could claim exemption from attendance because of the distance to be traversed. Irregularity of attendance, caused by farm work, berry-picking, hollywreaths for Christmas-time, further diminished the amount of schooling received by children in the county. The report suggests the possibility of providing training and supervision whereby certain types of mental defectives may safely remain in the community. The urgent need for institutional provision for those who cannot be given proper care in their own homes is emphasized. The report concludes: "With a comprehensive program combining mental examinations, special classes, and supervision in the community, with institutional care and training, the early recognition of mental defect and the proper treatment of individual cases will be possible. By this means the needs of all types of mental defectives may be met with justice to themselves and their families, and the interests of society safeguarded." Powerful New Explosive. A new and very powerful explosive, which may be used in mining and for other purposes, is lead azide, a salt of hydromitric acid. The acid forms a great number of salts, as mercury azide, silver azide and sodium azide. Large crystals of lead azide and mercuris azide have been found to be very sensitive to mechanical shocks, the sensitiveness increasing with the size of the crystals. Even the breaking of a single large crystal is said to bring about explosion. Harbinger of War Fable Since ancient days the locust has been the flying wing of superstition. People forget from 1912 till 1919 that the locust has markings on his wings which carry a distinct letter W, which, when noticed, usually results in many stories that war is at hand, the letter W being supposed to stand for the word, war. But the fallacy of such a supposition is in itself evident from the fact that the word for war in French does not begin with W, nor does it in Italian or Spanish. Few Now Search for Gold With the exception of the years of 1915 and 1916, when discoveries of tungsten brought a horde of wealth seekers to the Colorado hills, the search for gold has steadily diminished since the gold rush 25 years ago. At that time, old mining men say, the mountains were full of prospectors searching for new veins and placer deposits. The new generation has not followed in the footsteps of the old and one of the picturesque features of Western life is becoming extinct. Can You Do It? This sentence, President Eliot of Harvard university is said to have given to Doctor Lowell, his successor as head of the university, stipulating that the words all be spelled correctly: "It is agreeable to view the unparalleled embarrassment of a harnessed saddler or peddler sitting on a cemetery wall, gauging the symmetry of a skillfully peeled potato." She Had to Wait Jean had been promised a kitten by one of the neighbors and after receiving the consent of her parents took a gunny sack with her in which to bring the kitten home. After having been gone all the afternoon she returned empty-handed. Her father asked her where the kitten was and she replied: "Oh, I can't have it for awhile. It just came out of the hatch." Matter All Settled. My neighbor's son came into the house the ether day, leading a child by the hand. We looked our astonishment, when we saw the little quint stranger, and he immediately made this announcement: "I adopted her; she was all alone and crying, so I 'adopted her and she can have all my toys, 'cepting my bicycle.'"—Chicago Tribune. Not His Unlucky Number Richard Wagner was essentially a child of the number 13. He was born in 1813. Add the numbers 1, 8, 1, 3, and we have again 13. Wagner hed 13 letters in his name. He composed 13 great works. He finished "Tannhäuser" on April 13, and it was produced on March 13. And Wagner dieo Thin Watches Not New. The thin watches that have been fashioned for several years are not a new model. P. V. Bergen of Bound Brook, N. J., has a thin watch that is more than 100 years old. It is an open-face watch, three-eighths of an inch thick. The movement is one and three-quarters inches in diameter and the watch itself two inches. The movement is full plate, lever escape-ment and opens at the front. The case is beautifully made and of 18-carat gold. The watch is marked "Micaltet & Giglio, Malta." All Plodders. I have known several men who may be recognized in days to come as men of genius, and they were all plodders, hard-working, intent men. Genius is known by its works; genius without works is a blind faith, a dumb oracle. But meritorious works are the result of time and labor, and cannot be accomplished by intention or by a wish. Every great work is the result of time, of vast preparatory training. Facility comes by labor.—George Ross. Time's Changes. Caesar used to wait days to hear from the outposts of his empire, but today the descendants of his legions who plow the sunny fields near Hammond, L.a., get daily market news on their strawberries from places thousands of miles away. This news comes over wires and is issued in Italian, as well as in English, by the local office of the bureau of markets of the United States department of agriculture. Life of Candle Flame Laboratory experiments conducted of late have shown that a candle flame will become extinguished when the oxygen content of the atmosphere in which it is burning falls to about 45 per cent. Sulphur stops burning when all but 13.5 per cent of the oxygen in an inclosed space has been exhausted. The case of charcoal, however, is notable. Combustion continues until only 9 per cent of the oxygen remains. The Man Who Overcame Men with weak eyes will remember that Theodore Roosevelt had weak eyes all his life and became a successful hunter, an omnivorous reader and a keen naturalist. Men with defective hearing will remember that Theodore Roosevelt lost the use of one of his ears and could still distinguish the calls of birds and lead a people magnificently. Men stricken with pain will remember that once Theodore Roosevelt worked at his correspondence until he fainted and the couch on which he lay was drenched with blood. Cripples will hear the word that Theodore Roosevelt spoke when a physician told him in the last month of his life that he might be confined to his chair the rest of his days, "All right! I can live that way, too!" The millions will remember the inspiring leader; but a few with terrors to face will always cherish most the man who overcame.-Herman Hagedorn in Carry On. Ended With a Solo It was Sunday morning in the choir of a large church. I was singing soprano in a quartet. At the end of the selection I was under the impression that we were to sing "Amen," but, not noticing closely that the other members in the quartet had seated themselves, I remained standing and started with the "Ahmen" ringing out in the silence of the church, without even the support of the organ. With the eyes of the congregation all turned on me, I sat down, amid the smiles of my fellow singers, wishing the floor might open up and swallow me.—Chicago Tribune. Overcome Obstacles "Don't let obstacles or hardships worry you—a goodly share of difficulties and hardships have the same effect upon the right kind of young man as blows have upon a piece of steel that is being tempered. Setbacks train you to fight better. The 'Black Friday' panic of 1873 bankrupted me just after I had made my first start in business, when twenty-eight, and I well recall an older man then saying to me, by way of consolation: 'Happy and lucky is the man who Yalls when he is young.'"—Robert Dollar in the American Magazine. Only *ace all life before the child as within the realm of humanity, and thus the greater reveals to him the less. Put life and soul into everything; describe to him even the lily, which he would pull up as an unorganized thing, as the daughter of a slender mother, standing in her garden bed, from whom her little white offspring derives nutrition and moisture. And let not this be done to excite an empty curved habit of pity, a sort of nocious hospital for foreign pains, out from the various cultivation of cerebrum for life, the God all-moving in the tree toward the human brain. The love of animals, like material affection, this is advantage, that it is a personal god chains no return, and an easy easy to find an object and an opportunity for its exercise.—Bishop Wadio Emerson. POISONS IN COMMON SALT Deadly Chemical Elements, When United, Form Substance Beneficial to All Animal Life. When a native of the savage tribes of Africa happens to find a piece of rock salt he considers himself most fortunate. Often he will invite his friends to a party and serve this piece of salt as the refreshments. The guests seat themselves in a circle and take their turns at liking the choice bit, passing it around in much the same manner as the Indians pass around their pipe of peace. Salt seems to be necessary for most forms of animal life. Cattle will travel for miles just to get a taste of it. Few persons realize when eating this substance that it is composed of two deadly poisons, the metal sodium and the gas chlorine. Sodium is one of the most active metals, while chlorine is a gas dangerous to breathe even in small quantities. If a piece of sodium is placed on water it will react violently. For this reason it is always kept under kerosene to keep it from reacting with the moisture in the air, and it is always handled with tweezers, as it will cause a severe burn if allowed to touch the skin, especially if the hands are damp. The poisonous nature of chlorine is generally known, as it was one of the first deadly gases used by the Germans during the world war. When these two chemical elements unite each loses its poisonous nature and the salt which is formed is an entirely new substance, having none of the properties of either sodium or chlorine. Nevertheless salt is composed of two deadly poisons, but chemically combined we eat it every day, as it is both harmless and necessary. Golden Eggs. The value of the eggs and poultry produced every year in the United States in now $750,000,000, or more than that of all the gold, silver and diamonds produced in a year in the whole world. There are about three hens to a person, and each hen lays on an average 80 eggs a year. The best layers produce as many as 240 a year. Farmers' flocks consist on the average of only about 40 birds, but even at that they contribute notably to good living on the farm. Chance for Real Friend in Need. As the motorist turned a corner in a quiet country road he saw a brother of the wheel just ahead, evidently in trouble. Immediately he slowed down. "Want any help?" he asked, genially. The other motorist looked, gratefully at him as he wiped the perspiration off his brow. "I do," he whispered. "See that lady in the car? She's my wife, and I be much obliged if you'd answer her questions and keep her amused while I'm seeing to this punctured tire." Colors of the Sardine The fresh sardine is a beautiful little fish. The scales on its back are an iridescent blue-green, the exact tint which the sea so often takes, while beneath the scales there shows up the most wonderful peacock blue. There are bars on its back and sides when it first comes out of the water like those on the mackerel, but they seem to fade and disappear the moment it is exposed to the air. The remainder of its body is pure silver in its color scheme. Icebergs. Icebergs do not form at sea, but are masses detached from the glaciers which form on the land and project into the sea, where great blocks break off and float out to sea. There is hardly any limit to the size of these masses, and as ice is lighter than water they may float a long time with a large part of their bulk beneath the surface and melting gradually by contact with warmer water. Airplane Prospecting The airplane is destined to be of enormous utility in facilitating prospecting for and opening up mineral properties in the Andean valleys. Hydroplanes can fly from the Pacific to the upper waters of the Amazon in a few hours, while there are good landing places for planes on many of the snow fields of the higher Andes, which have never yet been explored. The airplane is almost ideal for transporting precious metals, where the value is high in proportion to weight and bulk, and the time-saving is so important as well as the safety from robbery. Already plans are under way to use planes in Peru and Colombia. Do You Need a Periscope? Do You Need a Periscope? Don't give up hope, even if you are a tiny person in a large crowd. To your rescue comes an adaptation of the periscope, designed specially for use in crowds. According to Popular Mechanics Magazine: "It consists of a case, having a mirror set at the proper angle at either end, which can be extended to a length of two feet or more by reason of a bellows connecting the two ends. With the device lengthened, the mirrors are exposed so that the user can see over the heads of a crowd without difficulty." French Goddess of Liberty The Goddess of Liberty was created by the French convention in 1733, and was enthroned by a public ceremonial. It is not known who personated the goddess on the occasion, but probably she was dressed in the French tricolor, red, white and blue, with cap and flowling skirt of classic design. The French liberty cap was red, the American is blue, with a border of gift stars on white. The figure of Liberty on the early American coins had loose hair, tied behind, a sort of free and easy gown, with low neck and short sleeves and sandals without back. Self-Conquest Patience and gentleness are not easy virtues when one is troubled within and buffeted without by the day's trials and demands. There are many times when the taking of a city might mean less to the individual soldier concerned than the conquest of his own spirit and tongue. There are tense days when a carping or unjust word falls on the spirit like a lighted match on tinder; wherefore we should be the more careful to store no tinder for ourselves, and toss no lighted matches at our fellows. Female Executiones According to the London Sunday Times of February 15, 1829, the hanged man who executed Burke had a wife whom he had instructed in the art and mystery of hanging. Dressed in man's attire, while he was executing criminals in one part of the country, his lady was giving effect to the law in another. Burke, it may be recalled, was an Irishman, who was in the habit of suffocating his victims and selling their bodies to the anatomists. He was hanged at Edinburgh on January 28. Law on Vampires Some one has dug up an old antic vampire law which indicates that vamping was just as much in vogue in the seventeenth century as it is at the present time. The law reads: "Female shams—A law against obtaining husbands under false pretense, passed by parliament in 1770, enacts: That woman of whatever age, rank, profession or degree, who shall after this act impose upon, seduce and betray into matrimony any of his majesty's subjects by virtue of paints, cosmetic washes, artificial teeth, false hair, ivory stays, bolstered hips or high-heel shoes, shall incur the penalty now in force again; the marriage under such circumstances upon conviction of the offending parties shall be null and void." FROM THIS DATE ONWARD THE BROAD AX CAN ALWAYS BE FOUND ON SALE AT THE FOLLOWING NEWS STANDS: Mrs. L. Graves, The Provident Candy Shop, Notion Store and News Stand, 15 W. 36th Street, near State. George I. Martin, Cigar, Notion Store and News Stand, 18 W. 31st St., near State. Edward Felix, Notions, Cigars and News Stand, 3002 S. Dearborn St. F. Bishop, Cigars, Tobacco and News Stand, 8 W. 27th Street, near State. A. D. Hayes, Cigars, Tobacco, Notion, Stationery and News Stand, 3640 S. State Street. Dodson's Shoe Shining Parlors and News Stand, So. West Corner 35th and State Streets. Lawrence M. Heard, Traveling News Agent, with news stands at 3129 S. State St. and So. East Cor. 35th and State Streets. Charles F. Mallory's Barber Shop and News Stand, 313 E. 35th Street. W. D. Scott's Lunch Room and Restaurant, 248 E. 35th Street. Louis Wimbley's Shoe Shining Parlors and News Stand, 2946 South State Street. Mrs. S. F. Peyton, News Stand, Confectionary Store, 5012 S. State Street. News item left with any of the above news agents prior to Wednesday mornings of each week, will find their way into the columns of The Broad Ax.