The Broad Ax

Prince Kojo Tovalou-Houenou, of Dahomey, South Africa, and His Beautiful White Lady Charmer, Mrs. Carrie Knowlton, 69 E. Schiller Street, Chicago, and Her Little Seven-Year Old Daughter, Miss Jacqueline, Are on Their Way to Paris, France, and South Africa WHEN THE PRINCE FIRST ARRIVED IN THIS CITY, OCTOBER 1, 1924 MANY SOCIAL HONORS WERE SHOWERED UPON HIM BY COL. AND MRS. ROBERT S. ABBOTT COL. AND MRS. CARY B. LEWIS, PROF. AND MRS. GEORGE R. GARNER, DR. AND MRS. CARL G. ROBERTS AND BY MANY OF THE OTHER SOCIAL LIGHTS OF THIS CITY SOCIETY NEWS PUBLISHED FREE Vol. XXXI. Prince Koj and His Boston, 69 E. S. Old Daugh France, an WHEN THE PRINCE FI IN THIS CITY, OCT MANY SOCIAL HO SHOWERED UPON AND MRS. ROBERT COL. AND MRS. CA PROF. AND MRS. GENER, DR. AND MRS. ERTS AND BY M OTHER SOCIAL LIC CITY Last Saturday noon the French steamship liner, City of Paris, sailed from New York City for the beautiful city of Paris and among the list of its eminent and distinguished passengers were Prince Kojo Tovalou Houenou, of Dahomey, Africa, and Paris, France, for after spending about one year in this country where he had feasted on the fat of the land and had been wined and dined by the best and the most distinguished colored people residing in Chicago, New York City and in many other parts of this country, he was good and ready to pull out for his native land, Africa. It might also be mentioned at this point that the fast set among the White ladies and gentlemen residing on the North Side in this city felt highly honored to fall down on their hands and knees and to pay high social honors to the real colored or dark Prince of Dahomey, Africa. But to return to our "knitting," just as the big ship was in the act of pulling out of New York City, Prince Kojo Tovalou-Houenou, sprang out of a taxicab. He was accompanied by Mrs. Carrie N. Knowlton and her seven-year-old daughter, Miss Jacqueline, who had until recently resided at 69 E. Schiller street, this city. The newspaper account of their departure for the Old World, follows: "WARRANT RUINS ROMANTIC POSE OF BLACK PRINCE" The Prince Sails With Beautiful White Lady Charmer "Smiling prettily for-photographers, at the side of the dusky-hued Kojo Tovalou-Houenou, Prince of Dahomey, Mrs. Carrie N. Knowlton, 69 E. Schiller st., sailed for France Saturday, Oct. 17, on the steamship Paris. "She was divorced just a week ago by Harry Knowlton. It was not the first time that her name and that of the Prince found themselves side by side in public prints. "The African potentate tried to be her host at an oyster dinner one night last May in a N. Clark st. restaurant, and in the royal attempt he lost a royal tooth and had his eyes darkened somewhat by police summoned by the indignant proprietor, who declined to serve H. R. H. and Mrs. Knowlton. "Crowds gathered at the pier in New York gasped when the pretty Chicago woman alighted from a taxicab with the Prince and her 7-year-old daughter, Jacqueline. "The same kind of petty affairs, such as rubber checks, that caused him annoyance in Chicago, bobbed up to fluster him at the pier. Mrs. Ganell Greeley, New York photographer, appeared with a policeman and said Kojo owed her $300. THE BROAD AX 5 CENTS PER COPY Jojo Tova Beautiful . Schiller ighter, M and South E FIRST ARRIVED OCTOBER 1, 1924, HONORS WERE ON HIM BY COL. BERT S. ABBOTT, C. CARY B. LEWIS, G. GEORGE R. GAR- IRS. CARL G. ROB- MANY OF THE LIGHTS OF THIS "The Prince tried to be diplomatic. Mrs. Greeley did not want diplomacy. She wanted $300. "She got it. "A pretty, nattily attired woman, apparently in her early thirties, came on board the Paris with her 7-year-old daughter and informed those within hearing distance that she was starting a trip around the world which would be featured by a residence at Dahomey, home realm of the Prince. "Scarcely had the passengers ceased to marvel at the friendship between the Negro and his white companion when a detective appeared waving a warrant said to have been secured by a colored woman who alleged the Prince owed her money. The Prince retired to the dock and almost missed the vessel when it sailed." It will be recalled that near the first of October, 1924, that Prince Kojo Tovalou-Houenou of Dahomey, South Africa, breezed into this big town and for a short time be occupied a royal suite of rooms at the Vincennes hotel, for about five weeks. In the meantime he was wined and dined by the high leading social lights among the four hundred smart set in this city and otherwise highly entertained. A grand ball was given in his honor at the Appomattox Club and several ladies were near in engaging in a real fist fight over who should have the high honor of being the first to dance with him, and it is said that the greatest affair in his honor was the famous dinner given in his honor at the Blackstone Hotel by Prof. and Mrs. George R. Garner, Jr. So far we have been unable to secure the names of the select guests who occupied seats around the banquet table in the Gold Room of that hotel. Later on we may be able to do so. In our humble opinion, the highest honors were showered down upon the Prince on Friday evening, October 17, 1924, the evening that Miss Ada Crogman presented the "Pageant of Progress" at the Auditorium, for on that wonderful occasion Prince Kojo Tovalou-Houenou, was the center of attraction and more than five thousand personages, consisting of the most prominent white and colored people in this city had their eyes rested upon his Royal Highness throughout the evening. The following were among those occupying box seats on that history-making event when many of the most prominent and leading colored ladies and gentlemen in this city were perfectly willing to be bought and sold on the auction block in order to remind them of the good old slavery days before the Civil war. Judge Mary Bartellme, Misses Adeline and Grace Bartellme, sisters; Mr. ```markdown ``` THE BROAD AX, CHICAGO, ILLINOIS, OCTOBER 24, 1925 1 One of the up-to-date Trustees of the Sanitary District of Chicago, who has thousands of loyal friends scattered throughout this city and county, who would be highly delighted to see him enter the race for County Treasurer in 1926. Alford E. Bartellme, brother; Mrs. L. E. Raymond, Mrs. Horace B. Bridges, Mr. and Mrs. John F. Turner, Mr. and Mrs. Fenton Johnson, Miss Gwendolyn Covington, Miss Ruth Thomas, Miss Dorothy Jackson, Miss Zenia Brooks, Mr. and Mrs. Jesse Binga, Mr. N. C. Langston, Mrs. Ada McKinley, Pres. Community Center; Mr. Joseph L. Moss, Chief Probation Officer, and wife; Capt. and Mrs. Harry Hill, Hd. Boys' Dept.; Miss Pauline Schweitza, Pres. Jewish Social Orf.; (Officers of Interracial Committee) Miss Mary McDowell, Mrs. Irene Goin, Mrs. Anna Stones, Mrs. Minnie Whitman, Mrs. Zona Baber, (Hull House representatives) Miss Jane Addams, Mrs. Schippsy, Mrs. Robert Morselovett, Mrs. Jones, Mrs. Kirkland, Mr. Simpson. Mrs. Edith McCormick's guests were six in number. (Several heads of Departments of Juvenile Court) Mrs. Lyman, Mrs. Barrett, Mrs. Kahn, Mrs. Quinlan, Mrs. Mary Blount Jones, Mrs. Lea Hubbard, Mrs. C. J. Hubbard, (Washington, D. C.), Mr. and Mrs. Cary B. Lewis, Mr. and Mrs. R. S. Abbott, Mr. and Mrs. Albert B. George, Miss Bernice Stewart (of Washington, D. C.); Dr. and Mrs. Geo. C. Hall, Prince Kojo of Africa and Paris, France; Rev. Theodore Stephens, Mrs. Jessie Jones, Miss Hortense Hall, Theodora Younger, Dr. and Mrs. M. R. Bibb, Mr. and Mrs. Wendell E. Green. On that same Friday evening at the end of the "Pageant of Progress" the Royal Prince was conveyed to the Ideal Tea Rooms, 32nd and South Michigan and the following were among those who humbly paid homage to his Princeship at that time: Col. and Mrs. Cary B. Lewis, Prof. and Mrs. George R. Garner, Jr., Col. and Mrs. Robert S. Abbott, and Dr. and Mrs. Carl G. Roberts. We have never been able to recall the names of the other high-stepping ladies and gen- HON. MICHAEL ROSENBERG tlemen who permitted themselves to be ruled over by his Lordship. That was about the last time that the Prince permitted himself to rub up close against colored people. Within a few days from that time the Prince coldly turned his back on the head leaders of the highest colored society in Chicago, at the same time vacating his Royal Suite at the Vincennes hotel. He wended his way over to 69 E. Schiller street to the lovely or the beautiful home of Mr. and Mrs. Harry Knowlton, where with much nerve and boldness he hung up his princely hat and coat and without money or price he made himself at home. Mr. Knowlton was not in favor of permitting anyone else to fish in his exclusive or private pond, so he separated from Mrs. Knowlton right then and there and only a few days ago he secured a divorce from her and now she is free to hug and kiss and make love to her black Prince to her heart's content. It will be recalled that near the first of May past, that the Prince was in the company of Mrs. Knowlton at the time that he had the trouble when he attempted to enter the Astor Oyster House on Clark street near Randolph, with Mrs. Knowlton lovingly leaning on his princely arm. It has also turned out that Mrs. Knowlton is the beautiful blonde lady who received the finery which the Prince bought with a bogus check, that Mrs. Knowlton walked arm in arm with him to the high-priced shop of Mrs. Pearlie Powell, on North Michigan avenue; the finery which she selected at that time consisted of one hat, $18; one bag, $45; one pin, $30, and one rich French dress, $65, making all told one hundred and fifty-eight dollars. Mrs. Knowlton is one of those wicked blondes with large charming blue eyes, weighing about one hundred and fifty pounds and very few live, sane men would toss her over their left shoulder. The Prince got into all kinds of trouble while residing in this city. His main trouble was in issuing bogus checks right and left. Notwithstanding this fact, Mrs. Knowlton induced many white ladies to become deeply interested in him, including Miss Jane Addams, head of the Hull House, and the Prince, although he claimed that he was unable to speak much English nevertheless he was called upon all the time to address the members of the various white organizations whose lady members so dearly loved him. He made his greatest hit when he addressed the Women's International League and Mrs. Knowlton at that time sat in the front row and charmingly smiled at him all the time. The Prince, like the Prince of Wales, is always able to have or induce thousands of white and colored women to fall at their feet and the majority of them are perfectly willing to part with their virtue, happiness and everything else in order to come in contact with broken down white and colored Princes of the Old World. Will our good friend and brother, Col. Robert S. Abbott please stand up and lead us in prayer? GREAT NEWSPAPER ACHIEVE MENT We herewith acknowledge receipt of copies of the 30th Anniversary Edition of the Chicago Broad Ax of Sept. 12, last, consisting of 20 pages, all filled with snappy advertisements, write-ups, cuts, etc. A great effort and achievement in the field of journalism—The Western World Reporter, Memphis, Tenn., October 17, 1925. Mrs. Jennie Johnston, 4725 Vincennes avenue, will, on Tuesday, October 27, celebrate her birthday and she will remain home all day on that date to receive presents from her many friends and help celebrate. SUBSCRIBE FOR THE BROAD AX No. 6 South Africa, rie Knowl- even-Year- y to Paris, RATORS AND THEIR ORATIONS Godwin Woodson, PH.D. Journal of Negro History, Century of Negro Migra- ucation of the Negro Prior orations are masterpieces. NEGRO ORATORS AND THEIR ORATIONS By Carter Godwin Woodson, PH.D. Editor of the Journal of Negro History, Author of a Century of Negro Migration, The Education of the Negro Prior to 1861. The orations are masterpieces. test ora (Preston News Service) Washington, D. C.—There is a profound lack of knowledge among Negroes as to what members of the race have done for the advancement of American civilization. In the latest publication by Dr. Woodson Race, men and women will find a splendid source of inspiration. The book is published by The Associated Publishers, Inc., 1538 Ninth St. Northwest, Washington, D. C., and the price is $5.25. Every Negro should read it. Here is a valuable book by the well known author, Dr. Carter G. Woodson, the editor of the Journal of Negro History. As a recognized historian devoting his time exclusively to the study of the record of the Negro he has had the opportunity to make an estimate of all the elements of progress among Negroes. This is what we have here in this book of oratory. The aim of the author is not merely to present the eloquence of those spokesmen who have shown literary merit but to exhibit the Negro orator as a factor in the emancipation and the elevation of his people. The outline of the book shows just how well this has been done. In the beginning the author presents those who in the eighteenth century made the first protest against the exploitation of the Negro. He then gives the more forceful attacks of the leaders of the early period of the republic. Further efforts for a hearing come next. Then follow the fery speeches of the critical anti-slavery period and the oratory of defiance during the fifties. Every Negro orator of consequence receives honorable mention. In fact the work contains all of the important speeches of Negroes extant. For example, there are found therein five speeches of Charles Lenox Remond, eight of Frederick Douglass, and several of such other national characters as Nathaniel Paul, Samuel R. Ward, Peter Williams, James Forren, Theodore S. Wright, Robert Puris, Theodore Holly, James McCune Smith, and Henry Highland Garnett. It contains every speech of consequence made by Negroes in Congress, the addresses of the most prominent leaders after the Reconstruction, like J. C. Price and M. C. B. Mason, and the widely known speeches of Booker T. Washington. All of the eloquent Negroes now on the horizon, moreover, appear with one or more orations. The Introduction says in part: "In the occasional or demonstrative address there are few who do not concede the Negro equal honor with the best on the platform. Furthermore, while the pulpit among the majority of whites has become merely a social agency as a result of their substituting the worship of race superiority for that of God, among the Negroes it has become an electrifying force by which the Negro preacher has surpassed all ministers of his time in expounding the very principles of Jesus, which the large majority of these "chosen people of God" have long since repudiated. "Since deliberative oratory as a popular attraction has long since ceased, the forensic as it peculiarly concerns the courts is the only form of oratory in which the Negro does not figure among the world's greatest ora- tors. The large number of the Negro youth now qualifying at the bar assures an increase of the ranks of those who will doubtless leave masterpieces of eloquence inspired by the cries of a people long outraged by agents of injustice in a world of race hate and religious prejudice. Sojourner Truth, Charles Lenox Remond, Lunsford Lane and Frederick Douglass figured in the physical emancipation of the bondmen, but these later champions are endeavoring to make a case for their liberation from peonage, their deliverance from caste, and their full incorporation into the body politic. "The Negro orators of the Reconstruction did not develop in the direction of the forensic. The Civil War resulted in the enlargement of the domain of the liberty of the Negro. For a time he had everything he wanted. Their oratory, therefore, was deliberative, speeches delivered in such bodies as the State legislatures and the Congress of the United States. B. K. Bruce's discourse in the Senate on the Indian question and R. B. Elliot's speech in the House on the Civil Rights Bill are examples of such eloquence. When the undoing of the Reconstruction brought the Negro again under the domination of the white man in the South, the Negro orator sometimes resorted to the forensic; but he was better prepared for the invective, in which he finally indulged as he saw his race illegally deprived of its rights. This form of public address continued and is popular today among Negroes complaining of their woes. After the Reconstruction there came the optimistic Negro orator who had little to say about the rights of the race and emphasized the necessity for making the most of an undesirable situation by practical educational and economic efficiency. The best representative of this class was Booker T. Washington. "Since the program thus presented did not at once materially advance the Negro on the way toward the attainment of his civic rights, there developed a number of orators promoting agitative organization. They fearlessly denounced Booker T. Washington and his program and proclaimed war on the strongholds of aristocracy and caste. At first their efforts were largely fiery speeches delivered sporadically at centers where persons whom they desired to reach seldom heard them. Later, however, their work has been more systematized and their methods of attack have tended to become more of an argumentative appeal to reason. As such, these Negro orators have furnished the only humanizing theme which has stimulated eloquence during the last generation. "The whites of our day are little concerned about human rights. They are becoming rapidly involved in the covetous life and death struggle between capital and labor, between those that have and those that have not, a thing lacking the higher motives by which men are ennobled. During the World War, Woodrow Wilson made a strenuous effort to popularize the idea of "making the world safe for democracy," but the very hypocrisy of this pronunciamento doubtless contributed to the collapse of the program. Men had to be converted to (Continued on Page 2) THE BROAD AX Published Every Saturday In this city since July 15th 1899, without missing one single issue. Republicans, Democrats, Catholics, Protestants, Single Taxes, Priests, infidels or anyone else can have their say as long as their language is proper and responsibility is fixed. The Broad Ax is a newspaper whose platform is broad enough for all, ever claiming the editorial right to speak its own mind. It is neither Democratic nor Republican. It is stricly or absolutely independent in politics. Local communications will receive attention. Write only on one side of the paper. Subscriptions must be paid in advance. One Year .....$2.00 Six Months .....$1.00 Advertising rates made known on application. Address all communications to THE BROAD AX 6206 S. Elizabeth St., Chicago. Phone: Wentworth 2597 JULIUS F. TAYLOR Editor and Publisher Vol. XXXI No. 6 Chicago, October 24, 1925 Entered as Second-Class Matter, Aug. 19, 1902, at the Post office at Chicago. III. Under Act of March 8, 1879. COLORED ORATORS AND THEIR ORATIONS (Continued from Page 1) support the movement, and the war all but suddenly so ended as to leave more wounds than it healed. As the treaty of peace and the rehabilitation consequent thereupon so worked out as to make the world peculiarly safe for the conquering few, there arose among the discordant elements a number of bold spokesmen who have easily caught the ear of the multitude in advocacy a radical reconstruction of the social order. Among such orators have appeared a few Negroes." "Negro Orators and their Orations" consists of more than seven hundred pages printed in large, clear type, which makes it very easy to read, green cloth binding with gold letters, and as stated above it will be sent to any address in the United States for $5.25. Of all the leading activities that constitute the life of the Negro there is no better work to recommend either to the school or to the home. This book will undoubtedly take its place among the most valuable works hitherto published in this neglected field—Editor. DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE ENCE SESQU-CENTENNIAL ADDRESS TO COUNTRY Adopted and Issued by National Mass Race Convention Held by National Equal Rights League at 18th Annual Meeting in Baltimore October 7-9, 1925. The National Equal Rights League in the call for the eighteenth annual meeting committed itself fully to consideration of race grievances based on disfranchisement, lynching and segregation. The fourth of July next, 1926, will be marked by a prodigious, national observance of the Sesqui-centennial of the adoption of the Declaration of Independence. The main basic principles of this declaration, justification for revolution and an independent nation, are that all men are born free and equal, are endowed by their Creator with such inalienable rights as life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness, and that governments derive their just powers from the consent of the governed. The lynchings deny life protection; the practical disfranchisement of millions for color denies freedom and consent of the governed; separation, segregation and debarment for color in public transportation, civil and military education, government employment, places of accommodation and resort, and in industry deny freedom, equality and pursuit of happiness. Such existing conditions affecting one-tenth of our population make the tenets of the great declaration sounding brass and tinkling cymbal, and would make observance of its sesquicentennial under present conditions hollow mockery. Appeal to Whiter Americans So we call upon our whiter fellow-Americans to do away with these maltreatments of their darker fellow-Americans, who have ever loyally offered their lives when the hour of danger struck, and thus to make possible the 150th Anniversary Observance with honor and truth. Appeal to the President To this end we direct the appeal to President Calvin Coolidge to abolish THE PEOPLE'S CHURCH, WHICH HOLDS FORTH AT THE WENDELL PHILLIPS HIGH SCHOOL, REV. W. D. COOK, PASTOR, HELD ITS FIFTH ANNUAL COMMUNITY SONGFEST AT THE EIGHTH REGIMENT ARMORY LAST MONDAY EVENING. THE AFFAIR WAS LARGELY ATTENDED. REV. COOK WAS THE LEADER OF THE GRAND MARCH, SINGING "ON-WARD CHRISTIAN SOLDIERS" Last Monday evening the old Eighth Regiment Armory, 3517 Giles avenue, which was crowded to overflowing with the members and followers of the Metropolitan Community Center Church, Rev. W. D. Cook, founder and pastor. From the very start to the end a highly interesting program, was rendered, aside from the set program, the Lincoln 4 Quartette, consisting of its manager, James A. Flournoy, E. Vingard, I. Turner and E. McAlmooe, sang several fine selections, which greatly pleased the large concourse of people present. No one connected with the affair worked any harder to make it a grand success in every way, than Rev. Cook and his good wife, Mrs. Cook, who is always endeavoring to do something for the benefit of the poor and unfortunate. It was a grand sight to behold Rev. Cook marching at the head of the procession around the Armory, with more than a thousand men, women and children following after him, joining in singing "Onward Christian Soldiers." Rev. and Mrs. Cook thoroughly understand how to get the young folks deeply interested in their church work and that is one reason why they have been so successful in establishing the Metropolitan Community Center Church, which is accomplishing a vast amount of good for the advancement of progressive religion in behalf of the colored people residing in Chicago. The community singing by the several white robed choirs under the di- segregation of colored employees of the federal government which they must defend with their lives, in his executive departments at Washington, and to urge Congress to enact legislation against lynching and disfranchisement. Call to Our Own Colored American Call to Our Own Colored Americans Finally, we urge all our own colored Americans to join with this league in renewed, organized crusade for the promises of this document; to unite with us in a nation wide drive for the full realization and enjoyment of the principles of the Declaration of Independence ere the 150th anniversary of its adoption, for which the first armed blow was struck by Crispus Attucks, colored American, first martyr for this republic. United Race Program for Wrongs and Redress We further call upon the race in every place to form units for the following united program of deserved redress: 1. Federal legislation to prevent mob violence and murder. 2. Enforcement of the right to vote everywhere, regardless of race and color. 3. Abolition of race or color segregation in inter-state travel, and public places and institutions. 4. Abrogation of segregation for race or color in federal employment and of denial of civil rights in all federal territory. 5. Equitable representation in federal appointments and equal opportunity in civil service, and in American industry. Committee: Rev. J. G. Robinson, Penn; James L. Neil, D. of C; Rev. C. C. Somerville, Mass.; Mrs. M. Blanche Harris, N. J.; Rev. Earnest Lyons, Md.; Dr. Wm. A. Sinclair, Penn; Rev. C. H. Steepale, Md.; Thomas L. Johnson, D. of C; William Monroe Trotter, Mass.; George W. Allen, N. Y.; M. W. Spencer, D. of C.; H. Samuel Smith, La. Miss Gertie Jackson, Kansas City, Kans., will for the next two weeks be the house guest of Mrs. John B. Hart, 4841 Federal street. Miss Jackson is greatly enjoying her visit to this wonderful city, it being her first visit here since she was a little girl. Mrs. Hart and her friend, on Monday afternoon, were the guests of Mrs. Julius F. Taylor. THE BROAD AX, CHICAGO, ILLINOIS, OCTOBER 24, 1925 The following program was rendered: Program Selections—Chicago Junior Choir, E. R. Harrison, director; selections—Fort Bearborn Elks Band, Prof. Tyler, conductor; Band March, Black Jack—Huffen; Overture, Poet and Peasant—Von Suppe; Mericana—Estrada; Overture, Morning, Noon and Night in Vienna—Suppe; Community Singing, Battle Hymn of the Republic, Silver Threads Among the Gold, Swanee River—Audience and big chorus; Membership March—Led by pastor and class leaders bearing banners and singing "Onward Christian Soldiers"; Elks Marching Club—C. J. Fountain, president; Community Singing—National Negro Anthem; Auxiliary and Club March—All boards, clubs, Sunday school, Mission Sunday school, bearing banners, "Community Center, It's Alright"; American Woodmen's Ladies Drill Team (champions of the world); Arabic Patrol, K. P. Drill teams—R. R. Jackson, commander; America, "End of a Perfect Day." Lowell V. Derrick, accompanist; L. J. Griffin, director; Thomas B. Chapman, director; Otis D. Pace, director Armour Glee Club; Mabel Sanford Lewis, guest accompanist; J. Wesley Jones, general director; Rev. W. D. Cook, pastor; Dr. Edw. Murray, secretary; Wm. J. Morsell, treasurer. Mr. Sandy W. Trice, who is one of the active workers and members of Rev. Cook's church, was on hand early and greatly assisted to make the whole affair a wonderful success. URGES APPOINTMENT OF NEGRO LABOR LEADER Confidence of Negro workers throughout the country in the American Federation of Labor will be brought about if the plan recently suggested to President Green by the National Urban League is followed. T. Arnold Hill, director of the Urban League's Industrial Relations Department, who has just returned from the convention of the A. F. of L. in Atlantic City, has asked for the appointment of a Negro as executive advisor to counsel with the officials of the labor movement on organization problems affecting Negroes. In this way, Mr. Hill insists, the forthcoming campaign for members of the American Federation of Labor will have every prospect of success through the assurance that such an individual can give to Negroes of the sympathy and sincerity of the leaders of the A. F. of L. Of the 110 national and international labor organizations, less than ten deny membership to Negroes but a number practise subterfuges with which Negroes are familiar that operate to keep them out of locals in different parts of the country. Several conferences are being planned, one for Kansas City between the colored freight handlers and the international that has jurisdiction over them and another for Washington, D. C., when the entire matter of Negro participants is to be discussed. Out of these conferences, Mr. Hill predicts, a more amicable relation between colored workers and the American Federation of Labor will follow. In recommending a capable member of the race to head up the work among Negroes, Mr. Hill defended his position in the following language: "Of the Negroes' inclination toward organization there is abundant proof in the large and influential associations which they maintain. That they have not taken more kindly and in larger numbers to the Labor movement is due primarily to the instinctive suspicion with which colored people view all movements bidding for their support, when those movements are in the control of whites. The appointment of a capable, industrious and tactful Negro to take general charge, under your direction, of your colored work will insure the needed confidence of his race in the personnel and integrity of the A. F. of L. "But there are other reasons A [Name] HON. THOMAS GALLAGHER One of the prominent west side politicians or polit who may be inducted to enter the race for r Congress from the Eighth Congressional Distri in 1926. One of the prominent west side politicians or political leaders, who may be inducted to enter the race for re-election to Congress from the Eighth Congressional District of Illinois in 1926. Negro knows his own; and there is much to know in adjudicating differences between white and colored people and interpreting the one to the other—information which runs the whole gamut of the Negro's emotions and acts as an under-privileged citizen—his striving for economic and cultural ascendance—and, in this case, his fear lest the Labor Movement may cause him to lose the few places in industry he has been able to acquire. The importance of a thorough understanding of the racial atmosphere in which the Negro encases himself, as a defense against real and imaginary injustice, cannot be over-emphasized; and this knowledge is possessed only by a Negro." CONTROVERSY OVER NEGRO SCHOOL IN NORTH CAROLINA FINALLY ENDS Smithfield, N. C., Oct. 23.—The colored school of Smithfield which has been under discussion for several months and which finally landed in the courts under an application for a writ of mandamus by the Negro taxpayers of this place in School District No. 1, was given an eight months' term Tuesday. The board of trustees of the Smithfield schools held an execution stipulating that the school shall have a term of not less than eight months with requirements necessary for a standard accredited high school. This settled the matter in the controversy and permits the school which reached standardization last year to remain unmolested. Prof. N. C. Newbold and Dr. J. H. Highsmith of the State Department of Education were present, also E. J. Wellons, attorney for the colored taxpayers of the district. CLARENCE DARROW RETAINED TO DEFEND DR. O. H. SWEET, WIFE AND NINE OTHERS IN DETROIT CASE New York, Oct. 22.—According to an announcement from the office of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, Clarence Darrow, the noted Chicago attorney, has been retained as counsel for Dr. O. H. Sweet, his wife and nine others, all of Detroit, Mich., who are held there on charges of the murder of one white man and the wounding of another in connection with the threatened riot on Dr. Sweet home. Attorney Darrow left Chicago Thursday for Detroit to prepare his case for early trial. The shooting was the result of an alleged attempt of a mob of several thousand persons who had gathered before the home of Dr. Sweet to force him to move out of a so-called white neighborhood. It is said that this district was previously occupied by white families and Dr. Sweet's moving into the section was resented by the whites. TO HAVE RECEPTION Augusta Temple, S. M. T., of which Mrs. Emma Smith is W. P., will tender a reception to its members and friends on Oct. 24 at Bailey's Hall. e politicians or political leaders enter the race for re-election to Congressional District of Illinois BEN. J. DAVIS CHOSEN TO SUCCEED HENRY LINCOLN JOHNSON (Preston News Service) Atlanta, Ga., Oct. 23.—Following a turbulent battle since the death of Henry Lincoln Johnson, Republican National Committeeeman, Benjamin J. Davis, editor of the Atlanta Independent and prominent Odd Fellow, was selected Thursday. There were several white candidates in the field for the place but none of them developed sufficient strength to defeat Davis. Among the candidates were Dr. W. Y. Gilliam, chairman of the state committee; Charles Adamson, of Cedartown; Clark Grier, of Augusta; John W. Martin, of Atlanta, and Ben J. Davis, of Atlanta. There were sixty members of the state committee, 18 of whom were white men and the other Negroes. Selection of a national committee man by the state committee, however, does not guarantee membership on the national body, which elects its own members, but usually fairly unanimous endorsement of a man by the state committee ordinarily insures election to the national body. Grier Has Davis Indicted The Emanuel County grand jury has just returned an indictment against Ben. J. Davis, of Atlanta, charging criminal libel and defamation of character of Clark Grier, of Augusta, one of Davis' opponents, both he and Davis were seeking to succeed Johnson. Davis was selected. TYPEWRITING CHAMPION AGAIN SHATTERS RECORD Washington, D. C. — Typewriting upon an Underwood machine at the rate of 165 words a minute, or faster than the world's mark made at the International Speed Championships at Madison Square Garden, last year, Cortez W. Peters, holder of the Underwood diamond medal, made a new record for high typewriting speed in an exhibition at the Lincoln Theatre last week. Young Peters, who expects to enter the Madison Square Garden tests this year, is said to have a style similar to that of Otis Blaisdell (white) who held the world's championship for several years. Attorney Walter M. Farmer, 184 W. Washington street, will address the Sunday evening club at the Wendell Phillips High School, Sunday evening November 8. As Lawyer Farmer is a highly interesting speaker, his discourse at that time will be worth listening to. The Ladies Labor of Love Charity Club, Mrs. M. E. McClure, president, Dessie James secretary and E. B. Jiles, chairman, celebrated its twentieth anniversary last Thursday evening at the home of Mrs. Makle, 4832 Langley avenue. The pleasant affair was well attended. Dr. Charles L. Lewis, secretary of the Board of Trustees of the Home for Aged Colored People, delivered a short talk on the management of the home. A silver offering was taken up for its benefit. A splendid program was rendered during the evening. ```markdown ``` CHIPS Joseph Henderson GENERAL CARPENTER Plastering—Concrete Work Orders Receive Prompt Attention ESTIMATES FURNISHED CHARGES REASONABLE 4033 Indiana Avenue Chicago Phone: Drexel 2268 WALDEN COLLEGE (Formerly the literary department of Walden University) An Approved School in an Educational Center Modern in methods and thorough in scholarship. Throws Christian influence around the student. Places emphasis upon development of the initiative on part of the student. EXPENSES SURPRISINGLY MODERATE Session Begins September 21 For further information, address T. R. DAVIS, PRESIDENT Nashville -- Tennessee THE BOMBING OF THE BETH ESDA BAPTIST CHURCH Early last Friday morning the Bethesda Baptist Church, 53rd and South Michigan avenue, was bombed by unknown parties and the church was almost blown into eternity and the building was damaged to the extent of more than one hundred thousand dollars and for many blocks in every direction window lights were broken out in houses and flat buildings. Rev. E. T. Martin and his members are doubly blessed in that the church was insured for one hundred and twenty-five thousand dollars and without delay he will start right in to rebuild his church, one large room in the church was not touched by the bomb, and the regular church services will be held in it all the time until the church is reconstructed. And when it is completed it will be finer than ever. There is no use in writing a long story in connection with the bombing of Bethesda Church for bombing will continue in every direction in this city until its city officials firmly make up their minds that they are going to stop it at any cost. PARIS MODISTES HEIGHTEN SKIRT, AND PRICE, TOO Paris.—Short skirts have not shortened the price of Paris frocks. After a month of hesitation the Parisienne has decided to adopt the wide flowing skirts offered by model makers at the autumn fashion shows. Their brevity promised economy, but it seems that the outward flow necessitates 4½ yards of cloth. To add to the cost, Paris has decided that it will adopt as the essential material for all autumn suits the most expensive woolen cloth ever offered. It is a rich silky material called zibeline, a cloth at first fought shy of by dressmakers, who, because of its price, did not think it would be adopted by the woman of moderate means. It sells at a price equivalent to $7 a yard. With four and one-half yards needed for the flowing hem of each short skirt prices have soared, and the little dressmaker who used to copy the Rue de la Paix models for half their price cannot do so. Yet somehow her customers are none the fewer. The French treasury is empty, but its women can seemingly quite well afford to pay twice as much for gowns as they paid last year. We are earnestly hoping day and night that the dear sweet ladies will soon start in to wear their skirts a little longer, at least down to their knees, for we are so very bashful that we are always fearful that we might see something which will cause us to turn red or white in the face.—Editor. EX-SLAVE, 98, DEAD; SERVED GEN, JACKSON Hagerstown. Md.-John Green, colored former slave and hostler for General Stonewall Jackson, throughout the Civil War, was found dead in bed at his home in Williamsport, near here Sunday. Green reckoned his age as 98. He was born in Virginia. OMEGA PSI PHI PLANS BIG CONVENTION AT TUSKEGEE Special Pullman Cars and Reduced Rates Provided for Delegates and Visitors. Washington, D. C.—Announcement has been made at the Administrative Office of the Omega Psi Phi International Greek Letter Fraternity of sixty-one active chapters located in many cities and at the leading colleges and universities of America and Canada, that special Pullman cars have been engaged to leave Washington, D. C., and Cincinnati, Ohio, on December 26, 1925, to convey the delegates and visitors to the Fourteenth Conclave of the fraternity which- will convene at Tuskegee, Ala., from December 27 to 31, 1925. Reservations on these special Pullman cars may be secured by writing either to S. E. Burgess, division passenger agent, Southern Railway System, 1510 H Street, Northwest, Washington, D. C., or to E. N. Aiken, Southern Railway System, Southern Railway Building, Cincinnati, Ohio. Special railroad rates have also been secured. All delegates and visitors to the conclave should ask for reduced fare certificates when purchasing railroad tickets. These certificates will be endorsed by the railroad official, who will be present at the office of the Grand Marshal of the fraternity The interest of the members of the fraternity in this conclave has greatly increased since these special arrangements have been made. Several of the chapters have already reported the selection of their two official delegates. Applications for reservations on the special cars are being received in large numbers by the railroad officials. Already the need for an additional car is becoming apparent. School teachers and physicians, in large numbers throughout the country are embracing the exceptional opportunity to visit the school established by Booker T. Washington, and the Veterans Bureau Hospital, two of the greatest institutions ever manned and operated by the American Negro. Chapters situated near the seat of the conclave have announced that their entire membership will be present throughout the sessions. Numerous Omega men, who find a growing delight in renewing old acquaintances at these annual assemblages have written the administrative office of their intention of being present. The Iota Omega Chapter at the seat of which this convention will be held is composed of instructors at Tuskegee and officials of the Veteran's Bureau Hospital. This chapter has been engaged for some time in outlining its program for the entertainment of the expected numbers. The details of the convention will be announced later. Walter H. Mazyck, National Secretary. JOINT COMMITTEE MEETS The Joint Committee of Households of Ruth of Chicago Jurisdiction met last Sunday afternoon at the residence of Mrs. Lou Ella Young, 4114 Calumet Ave., and made partial preparations for the installing of officers early in January. Mrs. Young is D. G. M. N. G. of Illinois and jurisdiction. COLORFUL NEWS MOVIES By THE CAMERAMAN PIPPLLLLPIDILIPPLLO DDD DODD DD LE DDD y. ~ (Presten News Service) es meek and lov — . | "Higher-ups"; and 1. Organization's Traitors. lis essential in bk 2. Peaceful Politics. | Political adversity « 3. Liberian Rubber. formation, Chicag 4 Colorgrams. Aig ag eee re Organized groups of every declen- sion are stalking over America for the promotién and the protection of their alleged rights, or in search of means of consummating some latent hope or desire, either sincerely or selfishly conceived. It was capital which or- ganized first for the unseen purpose of safeguarding its exploitation of those human elements upon which, by force, Capital was permitted to feed. As the greed for gold crept in, through the instrumentality of those representa- tives of Capital who were selfish and dishonest, their organization tightened its grip upon the brain and brawn which became Capital's fodder. Fi- nally, in sheer desperation and, at) first, in self-defense, Labor began to organize. The attempt was fraught with adversities because of Capital's primal law of “offense before defense.” Yet, Labor did organize, and its slow rise into participation in the consoling things of life is solely due to its or- ganized power. In labor organization the black man, as elsewhere, has been given the very last place; and it has been more diffi- cult for him than for any other group to share in the benefits of organized power as a means of self-protection. li it had been theoretically possible, organized labor would have passed the black man up as ballast, but the creep- ing in, here and there, of Civilization into the great plan of Americanism has made it impossible for either or- ganized Capital or organized Labor to ignore entirely America’s black mil- lions. Hence it is that today finds the| black man quite ready to be innocu- lated by the germ of organization. Reviewing his past work history he realized that of all groups his has been subject to the most unethical exploita- tion; he realizes that his muscles, his brains, and his income have piled | interest upon interest for the other fel- low; and at last he knows that oft- times it is best to fight fire with fire. Hence, slowly but firmly he has be- gun to organize. His stevedores, his charwomen, his switchmen, his trades- men, his brawny iron and steel work- ers, his firemen, his engineers; and last, but not least even his lowly but} honorable Pullman porter, engaged in an occupation which a white man, be he a'laborer or a capitalist, would be loathe to pursue, have begun to band themselves together for the purpose of promoting their work welfare. Is this Bolshevism? Is this Com- munism—this protecting of oneself from outside danger? No, it is not. Is this Russia? No. No, this is America, where freemen live and toil and sing’ the praises of free government. And yet we hear that even among our own ranks there are JUDASES among us who would slap the faces of the valiant Negro porters, and betray the trust of a struggling people for the sake of encouraging Capital to clamp down more tightly the lid which has been on our heads through all the long years between. Benedict Arnold and treason are still very much in evidence among us, just as they were when the Dyer Anti-Lynebing Bill became a lost hope. ‘The autumn folitical season among’ the brethren has opened with Ben. J. Davis at the bat, Perry Howard on deck and the brother in the hole. Ben has just been named by the Georgia State Central Committee as successor to the late Henry Lincoln Johnson, national committeeman; while Perry, according to the New York World, “May be agreed upon” as the “New Negro Party Chief,” says the New. York World of Brother Perry: “He is a cleancut man, and a quiet and sauve politician.” Whether or not the World's special dispatch preceded Perry’s acceptance of the position of ‘opposing counsel to the 22,000 Negro Pullman porters who ate now organ- izing for better working conditions and wages, and genuine race advance- ment, does not appear as yet. Neither Nee hee et ee ce the meek and lowly as well as the “Higher-ups"; and group recognition is essential in bloc formation since Political adversity comes to us in like formation. Chicago, with Ed. Wright at the political helm, has obtained as ood results in coalition, jobs and ree- ognition as we have seen anywhere. New York, Philadelphia, and other heavy balloting districts are following closely in Chicago's political footsteps. All of which should be a lesson to any “Negro Party Chieis or Chief” that may be in the bud. If the eastern and western wings of the national organization can make themselves felt strongly enough to stimulate a freer and more united use of the ballot, all other things, as the Good Book says, shall be added unto thee. And this goes for leadership, which, along with the migrants, has long since crossed the Mason and Dixon line. Stoop-shoulderedness_ in the presence of the bosses HAS NO PLACE IN CONSTRUCTIVE POLITICS, and where the ballot is popular, SUCH TACTICS HAVE NO STANDING AT BAR, and are invoked only when personal advance- ment is sought.* There are plenty of manly duties awaiting everybody who is really in- terested in the political emancipation of the brother; and these duties are by no means self-given ones. The only wise practice is for each unit to seek the job for which he is best fitted. The Tombigbee River is a long ways from the ballot box, or vice versa; and until a transition has taken place, it is theoretically incongruous for any man to stand on its banks and shout out instructions to sojourning voters on the banks of the Hudson River or Lake Erie. The MAN WITH THE BALLOT IN HIS HAND IS THE MAN WITH THE LEADERSHIP IN HIS VEST-POCKET. The venture of Harvey Firestone (white) in investing one hundred mil- lion dollars in Liberian rubber terri- tory, with the view of eventually cul- tivating a million-acre rubber project, is probably the year’s outstanding eco- nomic activity. Mr. Firestone states that he intends to employ 300,000 natives and a great organization of whites in operating a gigantic Amer- ican rubber corporation, to be engaged in the production of rubber under American methods and for American consumption, Mr. Firestone’s planta- tion will be the largest of its kind in the world. Its preliminary plans call for a physical remodelling of Liberian territory almost beyond imagination. Harbors, towns, railroads, hospitals and dwellings, aside from the usual and customary industrial engineering steps will require constructive work of exhaustive magnitude. Thousands of other necessities calling for technical and skilled workmen of every type will arise for American supervision and consummation. We beg to say a friendly word to Mr. Firestone which we feel could be taken as helpful advice in bringing to a successful conclusion this great ven- ture of his. There are in America Negro types and prototypes of virtu- ally every degree of skill and work ability, which Mr. Firestone will need in advancing his rubber project. There are civil engineers of color, both youthful and experienced; there are Negro physicians, surgeons and nurses; there are architects of national reputation; there are draughtsmen, painters, and carpenters, to say noth- ing of the great Negro army of iron and steel workers, skilled and semi- skilled. To our mind, it would be a fine thing if Mr. Firestone would honor the country of the deceased President James Monroe, who helped to set apart Liberia as a homeland for the freedmen, by transporting to its shores for technical and other work an actual number of American Negro artisans, who are as capable as any others in preparation for, and ability to do, the things necessary to the in- stallation and operation of the Fire- stone plantation of Liberia. Abram L. Harris, the capable wel- fare secretary of the St. Paul Urban League office, has taken unto himself a wife. Farewell, Abram. The Georgia State Central Commit- tee has designated Benjamin J. Davis, editor of the Atlanta Independent, as Republican National Committeeman, in the place of Henry Lincoln John- son, deceased. There are 35 whites seeking the job of executioner at Sing Sing Prison, ac- cording to Warden Lawes, who says: “There has never been such a rush of applicants for any kind of a job in THE BROAD AX, CHICAGO, ILLINOIS, OCTOBER 24, 1925 RESOURCES Statement |. os ommgens seamsune ont Sod Risener Peasant Hist sulluae'ted"aaners> Tgeue ds of Seas one eee eS Condition ‘Total ween ee seen SEIT ODED ‘LIABILITIES: — Canital Stk ee eseeeoen8 409,000.00 Sa ae Uelided Pridie sus: teases At the “terest sec cnsereeeresees (6,208.58 kee Liabitiaa "22000022 af RRSS Soe eames Close of Total... eseeeeeseeees BART AOGAD Business Thin Bank {nvites you to avail yourself St snaaantee atl on fess ictinee Guid Dorteoempores A eran egy e ete a es costs eee ignees pe ge per April 6, 1925 ‘Begone Vash Intaret ot the rato of 5% fg allowed on Se oe 2 ede sae eae ese. BaD cconce F LeIBRANDT, President RY Se Me Se Dy oe Secccaite eee Contier Binge wake Ane Cake, (BP 2c © GULELAND, Mgr. Savings Dept. ‘Belephone Victor the prison.” The job pays $150 per capita, deceased. Civilization! NIXIE! Educational opportunities in Georgia are unequally distributed owing to the unequal distribution of wealth. Ten counties possess 46 per cent of the as- sessed value of property, while less than 1 per cent is in ten of the poorest counties in the state. The Virgin Islands are practically free from adult illiteracy according to @ recent letter from the director of education of the islands. The Danish Government had maintained excellent schools for many years before the is- lands came into the possession of the United States, HUME INSTALLS NEW PRESS C. T. Hume, “The State Street Press,” with business at 3341 S. State Street, has installed the Walter Scott Press No. 3344, which press enables him to give better service to his many customers. Mr. Hume came to the city several years ago from Texas and has built up a large printing business at the above address. He is an active membeg of Ft. Dearborn Lodge No. 44, Elks, and many other fraternal organizations. LEAVE FOR SPRINGFIELD Mesdames Mabel McClaneham and Sarah Harris, accompanied by Frank Harris, leit the city for their home in Springfield, Til, during the week after spending some time here followmg funeral services for a relative, W. T. Clark, late of 4812 St. Lawrence Ave. HOLD MEETINGS The Joint Building Association of U. B. F. & S. M. T,, of which J. B. Street is president, has been holding many interesting and profitable meet- ings, looking forward to the erection of a future home for the organization. AT CHAMPAIGN Mrs. Ella G. Berry, vice grand daughter ruler of Elks, an employee of the state, Welfare Department, is spending several days of the week in Champaign, IIL, on business and will also visit several other cities in the state MISS HYDE RETURNS Miss Mabel Hyde and her brother, N. G. Hyde, Jr, have returned to the city from Nashville, Tenn., where they spent a very pleasant visit of two days with friends. His Wealth of Learning Willie was Just back from the elr- cus. He bounded into the room with a hop, skip and a jump. “It was great!” he erled. “But what did you Jearn? asked his grandmother. “What did I learn?” he echoed. “Just let me tell you, I learned to eat peanuts with both hands. ‘That's what T learned!” The Game of Polo Modern polo was played almost in its present form by the princes of Byzantium, and the Emperor Com- nenus was injured by falling from his horse in the game. The game became popular in England in 1872. Show Life as It Was in Days of Abraham ‘There is an exhibition at the British museum of antiquities recovered from the Ur site. Ur of the Chaldees is mentioned in the Bible as the original home of Abraham, In the collection are pigmy women in flounces, frills or accordion piaits, and wearing all sorts of good-luck charms, consisting of the heads of Hons, bulls and frogs. Four or five thousand years ago chil- dren learned grammar and arithmetic. ‘Teaching tablets were unearthed, upon ‘one of which was inseribed “The Prop- erty of the Boys’ School,” Another exhibit is a piece intended to be inlaid In a casket. Upon it is a beardless figure with long hair, resem- bling a modern type of intellectual. ‘Tablets were found on which (in the form of 12 columns) the accounts of a factory run by a temple were re- corded. The temple received wool from farmers for tthe or rent, and distributed it to women slaves for weaving, A strict account was kept of the weight of wool issued, of the amount und quality of the cloth returned, of the measurements specified, and of the names of the persons to whom pay- ment was made, all of which was in- dorsed by receiving officers and wit- nesses, Payments were made in food, which varied according to the production of the worker, An old woman got no more than a child. “Death and sick- ness were noted, so that pay in the one case inight cease, and in the other isin Geena “Pennsylvania Dutch” Is Language Mixture During 168% a systematic German immigration Into this country began. In the fall of that year a party of Mennonites, the “hook-and-eye people” now living all over the country, came from the German city of Crefeld and landed near Philadelphia upon land owned by William Penn, upon whose Invitation they came, Conrad Berco- vici relates in the Century Maguzine, Some time later they founded German- town, six miles above Philadelphia. Shortly afterward, in successive waves of almost equal numbers, they came one after the other and settled in all parts of Pennsylvania. At the time of the Revolution one-third of the popula- tion of Pennsylvania was of German birth or descent. Soon mixing with the Dutch that lived there, they formed a virtually new language, more or less 4 compilation or corruption of the two, which is known today as Pennsylvania Duteh. Flyers’ Parachutes “he parachutes used by American army aviators are made of carefully chosen silks and have a diameter of 24 feet. The total weight when packed is about 18 pounds. The shroud lines or cordage are of extremely fine silk made by an American manufacturer of fishing equipment. This quality is sald not to be available any place else. The army regulation parachute is folded in @ pack and worn by an aviator as part of his flying clothes. ‘The pack forms @ seat or cushion on which the pilot sits. When the aviator jumps he must be careful to clear the plane before releasing the parachute. Two or three seconds are allowed for this. Every army aviator is equipped with the ‘regulation parachute upon his flight. Outgrowing One’s Friends ‘There is one very sad thing in old friendships, to every mind which is really moving onward. It is this: that one cannot help using his early friends as the seaman uses the log, to mark his progcess. Every now and then we throw an old schoolmate over the stern with a string of thought tied | Tran Hi. es Yy ILL J AMSON => & ) 7 UNDERTAKER (27 ee ee eae oro ee af) (ea ae 4 = sees tee [ | -= a = uf ae | aA — = =] at PaO ee i » i Tia. f ___.\ “TheWilliamson Funeral” 4%) is distinguished by = the up-to-date designs WW )> of its Cunningham sassinte~ Limousine Hearse wae and Cars EmbskorsApuekecte iene j is a Unexcelled for Quality Service and Price AUTOMOBILES FOR ALL Occasions (@amyeea KENWOOD 0455 Ws 3121-23-25 South State Street to him, and look—1 am affaid with a kind of luxurious and_ sanctimonious compassion to see the rate at which the string reels off, while he lies there bobbing up and down, poor fellow! And we are dashing along with the white foam and bright sparkle at our bows; the ruffled bosom of prosperity and progress, with a sprig of dia- monis stuck in it! But this is only the sentimental side of the matter; for grow we must, if we outgrow all that we love—Oliver Wendell Holmes, Nature’s Laboratory Reaching a temperature below 90 degrees Fahrenheit, the Great Salt lake manufactures sodium sulphate, and accommodatingly casts it up on the beach, The fact that the deposit of sodium sulphate ean be gathered before it goer Lack into solution has led to Le construction of a plant for harvesting and refining the material Into a commercial product. ‘The aver- age period of production will be two months each year. During a season of mild winter there may be none pro- duced, and during years of cold win- ter the sodinm sulphate may be pre eipitated for three months, Judging by weather records of 20 years. Metal Polish Metal polish keeps the brasses clean Xf thes are well rubbed If the house ts to be closed for a time after the cleaning, smear the brasses lightly with a little lard and it will keep them from tarishing, “Copper pieces that are a bit black and dirty may be cleaned first with a paste made of three tablespoonfuls ‘of flour, one tea spoonful of salt and enough vinegar to make a paste; rub the pieces well, then rinse in hot water; then, if they need {t, use a copper polish to finish. This isa quick and ever-rendy way. Not in Class by Herself Heaven has its troubles as well as earth, only Heaven does not worry about them so much as we do. This fact was revealed by Betty, who was getting into bed when mamma came to Kiss her good-night. “And did you ask God to forgive you?” she asked, hav- ing in mind the little temper whieh Betty had shown during the evening. “Oh, yes, mamma,” came the reply, “and God said it was all right. He had many little girls worser than me.” San Francisco Argonaut. Swallows in Profusion “lense keep the door closed to pre: sent swallows building Inside. ‘the church.” reads @ notice posted on the courhiases ta aw Pac ce Jast Why One Editor Has Turned Pessimist No one is more annoyed than the one who tries to beautify the town In which he lives, No matter how earnest- ly he works, criticisms and annoy- ances must arise. As an example of this we have to say that the Beacon office needed a new sign and hired Jack Sigier of Red Wing to paint It. It’s a peach. Then the sign had to be properly installed and we employed Fritz Miller as chief consulting en- gineer and master of ceremonies. Some thought a 4 by 6 post was the thing, while others thought a 4 by 4 would do. ‘Then a windy observer mentioned gas pipe. We decided on gas pipe as more soitable for a printing office, The sign was therefore firmly bolted on a gas pipe. And there she shines in all her pristine glory. After installation ceremonies were over we sought the solitule of our sanetum to ponder over the comple tion of this dream of years, well pleased with the plaudits of all. pro- xressive citizens, While there we heard a plaintive note emanating from that gas-pipe standard or post and we wondered if it had been transformed into an Aeolian harp, Finally tt sounded like woodpeckers pecking for worms. We picked up the shotzan which we kept for the henefit of delin- quent subscribers, went out and watched. ‘To our amazement we saw members of the proletariat as they passed by deliberately knocking their pipes against the gas-pipe standard to clear their pipes of ashes so that they could Joad up again. When men will do the likes of that, there Is no use to talk about Improving the town, —Boston Globe. Early Hospitals Were Refuges for Pilgrims The word hospital is from the Latin, “hospes," a guest. From the same source comes host, one who entertains; hospitality, the entertainment given: ond hospitalier, the keeper of the house. The hospital of the Middle ages was originally an inn or house of entertainment for pilgrims, In proc- €ss of time these places of entertain. ment were resorted to by the sick and Infirm only, and the house of enter- tainment became an asylum for the sick and wounded. ‘The name hospitallers was first ap- piled to those whose duty it was to provide “hospitium.” lodging and en- tertainment for pilgrims. ‘The most noted institution of the kind during the Middle ages was at Jerusalem, which gave its name to an order called 3 [er the Knights Hospitalier, This order ‘was also called Knights of St, Jobn at Jerusalem. Afterward they were styled the Knights of Rhodes, and then Knights of Malta, because the Islands of Rhodes and Malta were conferred ‘upon them by different monarchs. Early Days of the Fork Letters and other documents dealing with manners and customs of daily life In the Seventeenth century in England which recently came to lght tend to show that it was customary in those days for “persons of quality” to have sets of thelr own, spoons, knives and forks which they took with them when invited out. These papers are interesting just at this time especially to antique collections for recently a two-tined fork made in 1682 was added to the British mo- seum. / ‘The extreme simplicity of the de- sign suggests that It was an experi- mental implement. Which is not sur- prising considering the date, for Eng- lish writers of the early years of ‘the Seventeenth century describe with much curlosity the fashion of using a fork to eat with as a fashion newly introduced from Italy. Generous Job A Holyoke (Mass.) man in Worces- ter found that he had spent all his money, and began looking about for a chance to earn some. Seeing a group of men digging for the foundation of new building, he asked the foreman if he could go to work. “Sure,” sald the foreman, “help yourself to a shov- el.” Picking up an idle shovel, the newcomer worked away for a couple of hours. Finally, when he paused for a rest, one of the men who was work- ing beside him sald: “I don’t seem to know you—where do you live?” “I live in Holyoke.” replied the newcom- er. “What are you doing here?” asked the other. “Ail of us Worcester men are giving a day's work free to help build the new Presbyterian church."— Boston Globe. To Freshen Wall Paper An ingenious way to freshen un- patterned dingy wall paper is to get about @ quart of flat Ivory paint such as is used for Interiors, and with a sponge daintily to dab the walls. This may be done in the original color of the paper or in a harmonizing tone. In the former case the use of the paint may be quite liberal, but in the latter care must be used not to get too dark an effect nor yet too gaudy 4 one. This method produces a stip- pled surface with a soft blur which is distinctly attractive. Tells How She Got Fine Suit of Hair "When people admire my hair and ask what I do to make it so soft and lovely, I tell them my experience." "I used to have dandruff and it made my hair coarse and hard to manage. I wished with all my heart for soft, pretty hair but did not know how to have it until I learned of Exelwonder Quinine Pomade." "With this wonderful preparation my hair soon become silky, long and lovely as it is today." Any woman who wants beautiful hair and facial lovliness should get Exelento Quinine Pomade and Exelento Skin Soap at once. They can be obtained at all drugstores, on all will be available, postpaid, upon receipt of price. Send your name today and get our valuable book of beauty helps, and liberal examples of our preparations, FREE. EXELENTO MEDICINE CO., Atlanta, Ga. AGENTS WANTED EVERYWHERE Write For Particulars Measure of the Great Great men are the ambassadors of Providence sent to reveal to their fellow men their unknown selves. There is something about them better than they do or say. If measured at all, they are to be measured in the responsive action of what others do or say. They come and go, in part a mystery, in part the simplest of all experience, the compelling influence of truth. They leave no successor. The heritage of greatness descends to the people—Calyng Coolidge. Book Borrowers All of us suffer from people who borrow our books and then forget to return them. In time we cannot remember what has become of the missing volumes. Keep a card or small notebook at hand near the bookshelves and each time a book is borrowed jot down the title, the borrower and the date. Then when a reasonable length of time has elapsed do not hesitate to ask for the return of the book. Seals "Preserved" Under the law passed by congress in 1912 a reserve of 5,000 three-year-old male seals is required, but this number is not now considered adequate to supply the future needs of the herd in the Pribiloff islands. During the season of 1925, therefore, 9,350 three-year-old seals were reserved from killing. They are marked by shearing the fur from the tops of the heads.—Washington Star. Honor From Reproach Many words used as terms of contempt and reproach have since become titles of honor. Both the Methodist and the Quakers were so called in contempt, as indeed were the Puritans and the Roundheads. It must not be forgotten either that the word "Christian" was a term of contempt, first used in Antioch by the enemies of the new religion. Make Sure! All previous wills are revoked by the drawing-up of a new will, but so much trouble arises through error or carelessness that it is always best to make sure of the matter by burning the document to be revoked. Remember that, if the new will is lost or destroyed, an older will that is not lost or destroyed might become valid. It is impossible to be too careful. That Thin Knowledge Required to tell what he knows about Isaac Newton the average person would reply that Sir Isaac was sitting under the old apple tree at Appomattox composing Paradise Lost, when an apple fell from the tree and hit him on the head. He jumped up, crying Eureka! and immediately invented the steam engine—Spokane Spokesman-Review. Heroic Roman Matron Cecona, wife of Caligula, emperor of Rome, was killed by Julius Lupus, A. D. 41, while weeping over the body of her murdered husband. When she saw the assassin approaching and discovered his purpose, she calmly presented her breast to the sword, urging him to finish the tragedy his companions had begun. Her two daughters died by the same hand—Chicago Journal. Exchange of Statues The equestrian statue of George III which stood at Bowling Green, N. Y., was dragged from its pedestal July 9, 1776, and laid prostrate in the dust. The statue being composed of lead was afterward melted and run into bullets and in 1802 the first statue of Washington was placed on the pedestal it formerly occupied. Miserly Family as Paupers After the death in the Southampton, England, workhouse of Philip Remer, whose father and mother had been buried as paupers, $1,365 in gold, silver and securities was found hidden in the home where the three had lived together. Foretell Weather by Watching the Birds That birds are able to perform feats that are impossible to human beings has long been known to science, says Popular Mechanics Magazine. They have, for instance, a most marvelous sense of direction. This cannot be put down to memory, for young birds reared in England will go straight to the same African haunts to which their parents went weeks before them. But it is as weather prophets that birds excel, according to an English naturalist. Swallows, martins and swifts, he says, will tell if the following day is to be fine. If they are flying really high, say, 500 to 1,000 feet the ground, a whole week of sunshine may be expected. If they are only 50 feet high, the outlook is doubtful. But if they skim a few feet above the ground, rain is certain. A tame raven invariably slept on the southwest porch-of-a home. Twice in two years it changed to the northwest side, and both times a terrific gale blew from the southwest. When a wood filled with singing birds is suddenly silenced a thunderstorm is usually due. It often is observed, too, that if migrating birds fly north instead of south lave in fall a mild winter may be expected. Gained Lasting Fame as Builder of Roads The first macadam road ever constructed was officially tested and approved in Scotland more than a century ago. The inventor was John Louden Macadam, a native of Ayr, Scotland, where he was born in 1756. Macadam went to New York in 1770, entered his uncle's counting house, and became a successful merchant. In 1783 he returned to Scotland and purchased a handsome estate. In 1810 Macadam began his experiments in highway construction which have made his name immortal. The great road builder was thoroughly Scotch in his methods, and as he wanted nothing filmsy, he investigated road building methods in a score of countries, traveling 30,000 miles. His preliminary trials of "maca- damizing" were so successful that in 1816 he was appointed surveyor to the Bristol Turnpike trust and remade the roads there cheaply and well. The house of commons investigated his system, and he was voted $50,000 and appointed surveyor general of metropol- itan roads. He declined knighthood. —Chicago Journal. "The Beggar's Opera" "The Beggar's Opera" was the first musical play presented on the American stage. It was written by John Gay, and was produced at the Nassau Street theater, New York, 174 years ago, January 14, 1751. A large proportion of the 10,000 people then comprising the population of New York attended the performance, although there were not a few who protested against "the goddess affair" and threatened "to have the law" on it. The Murray and Keene company, a band of comedians who came to New York from Philadelphia, were responsible for the production, which was a benefit performance for Thomas Keane, who personally called on the leading citizens and sold tickets. The performance began at 6 o'clock and was over at 8:45. One of the lines from this light opera was "How happy could I be with either, were't other dear charmer away."—Chicago Journal. Mistakes of Reporters A bad mistake is made by a small English provincial newspaper when it hails the arrival in town of the son of Robert Louis Stevenson, poet and novelist. Stevenson had no son, at least that anyone ever heard of. But a worse mistake was made by another paper, also British and provincial, which is talked of still among journalists on Fleet street. The editor's sole woman reporter being ill, he sent out a man to describe the dresses and goings on at a wedding nearby. One of the guests, a woman, spoofed him, and now you cannot buy the issue of the paper his report appeared in at a premium. He had the women's hats trimmed with pommes de terres; their dresses with cream de menthe—Baltimore Sun. The Days of Youth "We are young only once," you often hear some person remark as an excuse for "hitting the pace." True, we can be young but once, and the pleasure of youth must be crowded into that space of time. But how long are we young? Some men are old at forty, while others are still young at sixty. It depends upon the pace they hit and the manner in which they hit it. We can crowd a lot of work and pleasure into youth if we keep our hearts and our minds and our bodies clean. We can reduce the amount of both and shorten our youth by resorting to reckless dissipation—Newcastle Courier. Fire Worship The religion of fire worship, called Zoroastrianism, is a survival of a faith of great antiquity. It flourished during the Fourth and Sixth centuries B. C., and its adherents have always pald great reverence to the elements, especially fire. The devout Parsee engages in frequent daily prayer and worship, and when he worships turns his face to some bright object. The name "fire worshiper" was popularized by Moore's poem, "Lalla Rookh." Cannon Ball Hail Storm In Natal, South Africa, on April 17 1874, hallstones weighing one and one-half pounds fell, and on their way to the ground perforated corrugated iron roots.-Science Service. THE BROAD AX. CHICAGO. ILLINOIS. OCTOBER 24, 1925 Animal to Be Envied Is the Hippopotamus An unnamed explorer is quoted in the Berliner Tageblatt as speculating on the relative happiness of men and hippopotamuses. Other animals, it appears, have their troubles. "Many a believer in the transmigration of souls might like to be a magnificent bird of paradise fluttering from twig to twig in the tropic heavens when he returns to earth," he says, "But oh, how soon he would find himself in somebody's rooster or adorning the Sunday-go-to-meeting hat of some fat provincial lady! "The great wild beasts, though they live in glorious freedom, suffer. Lions, leopards, tigers, elephants, eagles, have a hard life and a constant search for food, and many of them are destined for the lead of the human—or inhuman—hunter's rifle. Let us say nothing of the slavery of domestic animals, which are eaten in return for their services to men. "There is only one free and fortunate beast, whom man leaves in peace because his skin is useless, his flesh repulsive, and hunting him dangerous. That is the hippo. He can spend his life in philosophic calm, live it out to the end, and grow to be a couple of centuries old—so at least learned men say."—Living Age. Electricity the Cause Aurora Borealis, Northern Lights or Streamers, Aurora Polaris and Austrialis, and Polar Light are the different names given to an electrical meteor, appearing most frequently to high latitudes in the form of luminous clouds, arches and rays, the latter sometimes meeting at a point near the kenith, forming what is called a "oreal crown." The generally accepted theory is that the aurora is due to the ascent of positive electricity from the intertropical water surfaces, which flow toward the poles. In the polar regions it descends toward the earth and comes in contact with the terrestrial negative electricity, which results in luminous discharges of great brilliance. Intimate relations exist between sun spots, magnetic storms and auroras, the appearance of a large spot on the solar disk being almost invariably accompanied by a magnetic storm in all parts of the globe. During magnetic storms auroral displays usually take place, but not all auroras are coincident with magnetic disturbances. A Family of Z's Some persons have a queer, not to say a perverse, humor in names, and when they happen to be parents they often inflict on their offspring names that are a lifelong embarrassment. A writer in the Boston Herald recalls the case of a man named Zuriel Cook, who, having been cursed with an outlandish name, determined that all his children should suffer with him. Zuriel Cook married Polly Lombard at Henderson, N. Y., early in the Nineteenth century. His large family of children were named as follows: Zuriel, Zeresa, Zerema, Zeinus, Zephronia, Zerodia, Zedina, Zegotus, Zelora, Zethaniel, Zeruth, Zelobus, Zedella and last of all James. It is fair to presume that James was a posthumous child. If Mr. Cook had lived the boy would probably have been named Zephaniah or Zerubbabel. Tobacco Once Banned It was recently announced that the government of Tibet had placed a ban on the introduction of tobacco into that country. But regulation and prohibition of the use of the narcotic weed by the law of the land is by no means new, says the Dearborn Independent. The following is taken from the court book of Method, Norfolk, England, dated October 4, 1695. "We agree that any person that is taken smoking tobacco in the street shall forift it a shilling every time so taken and it shall be lawful for the petty constables to distrain for the same to be putt to the uses of the towne." A few pages farther there is the record of the first arrest under the tobacco prohibition law. "We present Nicholas Barber for smoking in the street and do amerce him one shilling." Uninviting "Lunch" A Columbus business woman, who also is a housekeeper, occasionally takes to her office a lunch prepared at home. One morning recently, following a chicken dinner the evening before she took from the refrigerator what was left of the repast, with which she prepared an appetizing lunch. Bones, peelings and other debris were placed in a neat package, to be taken to the garbage box, and the lunch also was carefully wrapped. When she opened her lunch package at noon, however, she found she had brought with her the package intended for the garbage can, and had tossed her lunch into the receptacle.—Indianapolis News. Indians and Game Laws Indians cannot as a rule kill game out of season except as specified in a special treaty governing the particular tribe to which an individual belongs. There are between 20 and 30 of these treaties drawn up for the various tribes in this country. Under no circumstances, however, is an Indian permitted to violate the federal migratory bird treaty, and any provision made in a special treaty is revoked by the federal act. Indians, however, are allowed the privileges of fishing. Uncle Eben "Remember, son," said Uuncle Eben, "you must have judgment as well as enthusiasm. Good intentions is responsible foh some o'de worst singin' in de choir."—Washington Star. Utilizing the Waste Remarkable progress in utilizing the waste products of the corn crops, such as corn cobs, stalks and leaves, has been made in the last few years. The list contains 148 products and ranges from absorbents for nitroglycerin to xylose, a kind of sugar. The Interesting Emu Among the indigenous birds of Queensland the emu rivals the ostrich for voracity. In the stomach of a specimen recently killed were found four pennies, nine nails, five marbles, one umbrella ferrule, key, a medal, a clock wheel and crockery. Romance and Gloves A curious atmosphere of romance has always lingered around gloves. The knight's gauntlet was the gage in battle, poisoned gloves were used by the Medici in disposing of rivals, perfumed gloves were revered by towers. JAS. B. McCAHEY, President FRANK J. DUNN, Vice-President ESTABLISHED JOHN COA ESTABLISHED 1877 JOHN J. DUNN COAL CO. Telephone Oakland 1550 I Street 5100 Federal Street CHICAGO Phone: Kenwood 6309 LINCOLN GARAGE L. Johnston GENERAL AUTOMOBILE STORAGE AND REPAIRING Day and Night Service 4621-23 So. State Street COLN GARA L. Johnston GENERAL AUTOMOBILE STOR AND REPAIRING Day and Night Service 4621-23 So. State Street LINCOLN GARAGE L. Johnston GENERAL AUTOMOBILE STORAGE AND REPAIRING Day and Night Service 4621-23 So. State Street PETER H. Phone Kenwood 6379 La Provi Importers and Wholesale Dealers in HUMAN HAIR HAIR DRESSERS AN Accessories: Wigs, T 4956 South Sta Public INSURANCE Home 1400 Washing Down Town 108 South La Brokers' Business MAN HAIR GOODS DRESSERS AND BEAUTY PARIS ories: Wigs, Toupees, Transform South State St., Ch Public Li URANCE COMP Home Office: 10 Washington Boulev Down Town Office: 8 South La Salle St kers' Business Solic HUMAN HAIR GOODS 4956 South State St., Chicago PublicLife INSURANCE COMPANY Home Office: 1400 Washington Boulevard Down Town Office: 108 South La Salle Street Brokers' Business Solicited Service Guaranteed Standard and Substandard Business Accepted ndard and Substand Business Accepted Standard and Substandard Business Accepted Lunatic an Author A series of short stories, said to be exceptionally clever in their human appeal, which are to be published soon in England were written by a woman inmate of an insane asylum. Authorities at the asylum said the woman appears normal when writing fiction but that when not thus engaged she is violent or spends her time writing scurrious letters. Her name was not disclosed. Telephone: State 3278 A. D. GASH ATTORNEY AT LAW Suite 813, Ashland Block 155 N. Clark Street CHICAGO, ILL. PHILIP J. DUNN, Secretary H. X. COMERFORD, Treasurer ISHED 1877 J. DUNN AL CO. N GARAGE Johnston ADMOBILE STORAGE REPAIRING Night Service b. State Street Phone: Douglas 0964 R. D. JONES Your Photographer Makers of Portraits That Please 3504 Grand Boulevard CHICAGO, ILL. Dr. Emily M. Scott Chiropodist and Skin Specialist HAIR GOODS AND BEAUTY PARLOR Toupees, Transformations State St., Chicago ic Life E COMPANY Office: Boston Boulevard Own Office: La Salle Street Business Solicited Substandard Accepted CHICAGO Notary Public Phones: Office Main 4153; Residence, 4751 Champlain Avenue Phone Kenwood 5611 ATTORNEY AND COUNSELOR AT LAW Suite 708—184 W. Washington St. CHICAGO Residence, 1262 Macalister Place Telephone Monroe 2714 ATTORNEY AT LAW Suite 318-320 Reaper Block Clark and Washington Sts. CHICAGO Telephone Central 1239 STRAIT-TEX HAIR PREP USE of these previ ture of your ha results. Start can properly by using ing: STRAIT-TEX HAIR RE STRAIT-TEX HERBS (Straightens and restores GLOSS-TEX BRILLIA STRAIT-TEX HAIR G If your hair dresser or d order direct from us. C where in the United States AGENTS WANTED; STRAIT-TEX C 600 FIFTH AVENUE STRAI STRAIT-TEX HAIR PREPARATION of these preparations in care of your hair will give you Start caring for you by using some of the - TEX HAIR REFINING TONES - TEX HERBS .... tens and restores color to gray hair - TEX BRILLIANTINE .... - TEX HAIR GROWER..... hair dresser or druggist cannot a sect from us. Goods sent pos the United States. NTS WANTED; WRITE FOR THE STRAIT-TEX CHEMICAL TH AVENUE PITTSBURG STRAIT-T USE of these preparations in the culture of your hair will give you best results. Start caring for your hair properly by using some of the following: If your hair dresser or druggist cannot supply you, order direct from us. Goods sent postpaid anywhere in the United States. STRAIT-TEX OFFICERS JOHN BAIN President MICHAEL MAISEL Vice-President EDW. C. BARRY Vice-Pres. and Cashier W. MERLE FISHER Ast. Cash. and Trust Officer West Englew Trust and Saving N. E. Corner 63rd and Marshfield A Telephone Republic 50 Capital and Surplus $ DIRECTORS West Englewood and Savings 63rd and Marshfield Ave. Telephone Republic 5000 and Surplus $700 N. E. Corner 63rd and Marshfield Ave., Chicago, Ill. Telephone Republic 5000 Capital and Surplus $700,000.00 DIRECTORS E. L. SCHWEDER MIGLAE MAISEL EDW. C. BREY GEO. WETZEL DR. W. H. BUHLIG W. MERLE FISHER ARTHUR C. UTESCH CANLI. CAMP WM. BLUEMER ROBT. C. KING J. F. JENSEN HUGO S. HERTEL WM. P. KNOCHE GEO. HERNMANN JOHN RAIN Affiliated Member Chicago ember Chicago Clearing Affiliated Member Chicago Clearing House Ass'n. TELEPHONE DOUGLAS 1 GEORGE F. H E F. HARDIN REAL ESTATE Up-to-Date or Modern and Store 3101 COTTAGE Corner 31st S Cut out this Subscription e or Modern Houses, and Stores to Rent COTTAGE GROW ner 31st Street, Chi his Subscription Blank and Up-to-Date or Modern Houses, Apartments and Stores to Rent 3101 COTTAGE GROVE AVE. Corner 31st Street, Chicago Please enter my name as a subscriber to THE BROAD AX. I inclose herewith Two Dollars, the annual subscriptions to same, or One Dollar for six months. JOHN BAIN President MICHAEL MAISEL Vice-President E. L. SCHWEDER MICHAEL MAISEL GEO. WETZEL DR. W. H. BUKIJG W. G. Anderson Attorney At Law 17 North La Salle Street CHICAGO NOTARY PUBLIC Suite 560 Watson Bldg. Office Phones: Dearborn 7094-7095 Rea. 3354 Vernon Avenue Phone Douglas 6045 Phone Main 2017 A. L. WILLIAMS ATTORNEY AND COUNSELOR AT LAW Suite 706 Firmenich Building 184 W. Washington St. CHICAGO Residence 3655 Prairie Ave. Phone Douglas 9133 UT-TEX DEARATIONS dearations in the cul- er will give you best ing for your hair some of the follow- FINING TONIC...$1.00 1.00 (color to gray hair) TINE .50 LOWER .25 aggist cannot supply you. foods sent postpaid any- WRITE FOR TERMS CHEMICAL CO. PITTSBURGH, PA. UT-TEX Uglewood Savings Bank Shfield Ave., Chicago, Ill. public 5000 plus $700,000.00 TORS Clearing House Ass'n. DOUGLAS 1 ARDING, JR. Houses, Apartments to Rent GROVE AVE. reet, Chicago Blank and Mail it to CARL O. SEBERG Asst. Cashier J. F. JENSEN HUGO S. HERTEL HUGO S. HERTEL GEO. HERRMANN JOHN BAIN