The Gazette

TWENTY-NINTH YEAR. NO. 23. A Scarf of came, hair with muff and pocket in combination -very appropriate for skating or any outdoors sports where the hands are not in evidence. It is light weight, yet very warm. IN UNION THEM ESTRANGER TWENTY-NINTH YEAR German N Scarf of came, hair with muff and pocket plate for skating or any outdoors sports wi dence. It is light weight, yet very warm. IN THE JAPANESE STYLE Excellent Suggestion for Linen Show- er That Will Be Out of the Ordinary—For Place Cards. A charming idea for a linen shower is to carry it out in Japanese fashion with the colors of the cherry blossom as the decorative scheme. If the luncheon is designed, darken the room and hang numbers of Chinese lanterns about. These may be suspended from red and green cords festooned around the walls, and candles for the table may be in green, with the rosy color for the shades. Carnattons, or better still the cherry blossoms themselves, so beautifully made now in paper, can be the flower, and placing some of the branches in crystal bowls and vases, just a few in each, gives a pretty effect. Tail screens covered with the blossoms may be placed about wherever most effective, forming alcoves and cozy corners. Have the parcels of linen wrapped in rose paper and tied with green ribbons. A girl friend wearing a kimono in the two colors may bring in the packages, handing them to the bride-to-be, or placing them on a large tray ready for the purpose, where the laughing recipient may open and display the contents to those present. Place cards may be tiny fans with Japanese heads pusted on them. Large Rug Muffs Eclipse Owners. Some of the stoles and muffs that are being carried on cold days are so huge that they fairly eclipse a slip of a girl entirely. With the skirt and coat made as slim as the physical proportion of a slender girl can stand and then the addition of huge neckpiece and muff, to say nothing of an all-eclipsing hat, a girl is completely lost. Twenty years ago she could never have carried the big muffs and neckpieces made of long-haired furs that are fashionable now without bending under their weight. But the furrier has looked out for that, and the biggest muff weighs scarcely as much now as the little old-timer did. One thing is practical about these giant muffs. No one's arms are going to suffer with cold while they have such a shelter. The best of these muffs completely envelop the arms to the elbows, and the muff itself covers the lap like a robe. Citoyenne Jumpers The persistence with which the litte basque effects shown in the peplums and frillis to be used out-dee of the skirt have been brought to the front indicates that they have taken quite a strong hold. Jumpers are now brought out with this frill finish and are usually made of medalline or soft finished silk. They are cut on surplice lines, the model underneath appearing uncovered to the waist line both back and front. The edges are finished off with a narrow puffing. Dry Goods Economist. THE FASHION OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY A genuine sealskin coat is hand some, no matter how shapeless it is but the seal plush coat must be fault 'less and elegant in line to possess distinction. This coat is exceedingly smart and graceful, though the material is the comparatively inexpensive brown seal plush and the collar and cuffs are of oppusum—also an in expensive fur. Like all these coats this model closes far over toward the left hip and is quite straight from hip to ankle. Home-Made Dress Box. There are shirt waist boxes galore, innumerable dress chests and many improvised receptacles for us in the woman's room, but the latest novelty is the result of an ingenious brain, which conceived the possibilities of having a dress box, full length, to match the hardwood floor in her room. A cheap frame was constructed of pine, lined throughout with white oilcloth, the edge glued on the outside. This was covered with linoleum, a clever imitation of oak, in two shades. It was glued to the outside and the raw edges were covered with tan leather strips, held in place with brass studs. The hinges and lock were of brass. Two stout straps were tacked to the inside of the lid, making a good receptacle for holding two parasols. Ball-bearing casters completed the dress box, and the owner paid much less for this treasure than a fancy one would cost at any store. ESTABLISHED AUGUST 25, 1883 AND ISSUED EVERY WEEK ON TIME SINCE. CLEVELAND, O., SATURDAY, JANUARY 6, 1912. SOME PARALLELS BETWEEN THE RACE PROBLEM IN POLAND AND IN THE UNITED STATES. INTERESTING DISCUSSION BEFORE THE TWENTIETH CENTURY CLUB OF TUSKEGEE GEEST INSTITUTE. The Twentieth Century club, connected with the Tuskegee Normal and Industrial institute, held its regular monthly meeting in Dorothy hall. Dr. R. E. Park was host and also furnished the discussion of the evening. His subject was: "Some Parallels between the Race Problem in Poland and in the United States." The Poles, the speaker pointed out, are one branch of the great Slavic race, which with its principal seat in Russia, has projected itself into western Europe, under different names, from the Baltic in the north to the Black sea in the south. Everywhere that this race has come into contact with the peoples of western Europe there has been a racial conflict and almost everywhere the Slavic race has been conquered and oppressed. Dr. Park first sketched the political history of Poland from 1756, when Poland was divided between Russia, Germany and Austria. He then turned to the internal history of the three provinces and showed the manner in which each had developed under the influence of the racial conflict between the different peoples brought together when Poland was absorbed by its neighbors. Poland's political history has been a hopeless and fatal struggle to gain and retain its national independence. Up to 1830, both in German and Russian Poland, a policy of conciliation was pursued. Russian Poland, for example, was given much greater liberty than any other part of the Russian empire. There was complete freedom of the press and at the same time a very large measure of self-government. But the Polish nobility were not satisfied with anything short of a complete independence and a reunion of the different parts of the ancient republic. In spite of the heroic struggle to maintain national existence the insurrection of 1830 failed and every subsequent effort in the same direction has only served to make the subjugation of the country more complete. After 1830 the nobles and political leaders emigrated to Paris and there retained a sort of revolutionary junta, which sought to direct political affairs in the different parts of their dismembered country. The policy was to take advantage of the political troubles of Russia, Germany and Austria in order that at the right juncture the Poles might throw themselves into the hands of the country which would promise to aid them in re-establishing their national existence. In all this movement the masses of the people, the peasants, had little or no part. They remained, in a condition not much better than serfdom, on the plantations of the nobility. They were not able to help themselves and every effort that the different governments, particularly Russia and Germany, made to improve their condition was paralyzed by the political intrigues of the nobility, in Paris and elsewhere, whose policy was to sacrifice everything else to the cause of national existence. The situation, Dr. Park said, was something like that in the south after the "carpet-bag government" was expelled and the politicians, who had gone into exile in the north, attempted to control and direct affairs in the south. After the Franco-Prussian war, when it was found that the Polish regiments were perfectly willing to fight against their old allies in France, Bismarck determined to settle the Polish question. He said, "The Poles would be all right if we could get rid of this factious nobility." So he said: "We will appropriate a hundred million marks to buy out this imprecible Polish nobility and settle good, brave German peasants on the land. In this way we will Germanize the Poles; dispel once for all the dream of a restoration of Poland and in time they will become good Germans." This was the beginning of the modern racial struggle in German Poland, which has had, according to the speaker, a very extraordinary issue. As soon as it was announced that the German government meant to dispossess the Polish nobility of their lands, there was a great outcry. Various plans were suggested for resisting this move. The nobility in other parts of Poland at first proposed to raise money and come to the assistance of every Polish landlord who felt compelled or could not be restrained by patriciotic motives from selling their estates. But when it came to the pinch it appeared that the Polish nobility, most of them, had neglected their estates, and were, in any case, poor business men, who could not compete with the Prussian government, and the plan was given up. At the time it occurred to one or two strong, practical men that if the large Polish estates were to be divided up and something might be gained if they were divided up and sold among Polish instead of German peasants. So they began establishing little co-operative banks and land companies. Where they found a Polish noble hard pressed they would buy the estate themselves. In this way the land remained at least in the hands of the Polish and they were not made allens on their native soil. At other times they would purchase a portion of an estate that was run down or mortgaged. This would give the Polish noble enough to pay his debts and still enable him to retain the greater portion of his lands Very soon there there was a network of these banks all over the country with a controlling bank at Posen. Very soon all of German Poland was stirred with a land speculation of great dimensions. The masses of the Polish peasants had been land hungry ever since they were enamored and now they were not only given a motive for getting land, but it became a patriotic thing to do. For the first time Polish peasant began to have some share in the life of the people. In fact, it was no longer the spendthrift, idle, intriguing, political noble who was to have the Polish nation, but the humble, thrifty and despised peasant. And when it came to a contest with the powerful Prussian government it appeared that the Polish 'peasant was tough enough and thrifty enough to make a good fight. In fact, it is now clear that the government's policy has failed. In the first place the Polish peasant was willing and able to live cheaper and work harder than the German peasant who sought to displace him. He was therefore able to bid higher for the land. The result was the price of land went booming. The government had to bid higher and higher for the land they purchased. The millions of money which poured into the country tended to enrich the Polish landlords. Lands which came into the hands of German peasants presently found their way back to the harder and thriftier Pole. Sometimes the German peasant would even conceive with the German landowner to match the government. Agriculture revived, trade increased, the whole country began to prosper. German banks began quietly putting their money into the 's of Polish banks for investment. The Polish people ceased talking about insurrection, or they talked about it very softly. They were all intent upon the industrial and economic struggle. While the government was opposing them, private enterprise was encouraging them. The result has been that, while the government's land policy failed and while there has been a great deal of irritation because of the efforts of the German government to impose their language on the Polish people, the Polish people are now more bound up with the German people than they ever were before. They still keep up the struggle for nationality, but it is very doubtful if the masses of the Polish people would accept a United Poland if it was offered to them. The masses of the people, who are now prosperous and thriving, would not want to put themselves under the control of the sentimental and impractical nobility of their own race again. Meanwhile the history of the other divisions of Poland have been very different. While German Poland has become a prosperous agricultural community, Russian Poland has become one of the great manufacturing centers of Europe. It has been able to become this because it is protected by the Russian tariff and has the whole vast Russian empire for its market. If Poland were reunited all this agricultural and commercial property would be destroyed, because both German and Russian Poland would lose their respective markets. On the other hand, in Austrian Poland where the Polish nobility has had a free hand in the government of the province, where they have had their own language and their own university, and the racial struggle has been rather between the Poles and the Ruthenians, their conditions are pretty much as they were. The peasants have made some progress in recent times, but it has not been due to the influence of the nobility, but rather to the influence of returned emigrants from America. The point which the speaker tried to make was that the struggle over the language question in Europe, and the struggle for political rights, were at bottom the same; that when you got down to the bottom you saw that it was the struggle of the race at the bottom to rise, to win self-respect and freedom of action, against a race jealous of its privileges and determined to maintain its place at the top. THE PRESIDENT ON PEACE. President Taft cannot be so discouraged as the newspapers affirm about the reception of his arbitration treaties. Here is what he says in the December World's Work on the subject: "Yes, this sentiment, comparatively new in the world, has made enormous strides within the past few years. Wherever I go I find the most eager interest in anything I say on the subject of war and peace. Crowds grow silent as I approach that theme; men put a hand behind the ear and stand on tiptoe leaning forward so as not to miss a word. There is astir a profound revolution in the popular thought on the subject of wars, a moral awakening to the hideous wickedness of armed combat between man and man, and an economic perception of the wastefulness and folly not only of war but of the great armaments which the present jealousy of the powers makes it necessary to maintain. LIGHT WRAPS. "She were no jewels," says a fiction writer of the heroine, "save a single ruby set in her engagement ring—anything more would have made her seem overdressed." Speaking of light wraps, "Atchison Globe CONFERENCE OF SOCIAL WORKERS Institution Is Needed for Delinquent Colored Girls Between Fourteen and Sixteen. WORK OF WHITE ROSE HOME TEN THOUSAND HOMELESS GIRLS HAVE BEEN SHELTERED IN 14 YEARS—BUILDING TO HOUSE ALL AUXILIARIES DISCUSSED. A conference of social workers among negroes in New York city was held in Assembly hall of the United Charities buildings on Fourth avenue and Twenty-second street, under the auspices of the National League on Urban Conditions. Among Negroes While the meetings were not largely attended, those presented represented a set of people who are generally active in such work. There were several prominent speakers at both sessions. Dr. Wm. H. Bulkley and Prof. Du Bois were among the afternoon speakers, while aside from Dr. Edw. E. Pratt, a professor of economics and statistics, New York School of Philanthropy, also secretary of the National League on Urban Conditions Among the Negroes. The meeting was addressed by Dr. W. H. Brooks, who spoke briefly, taking as his keynote co-operation. He believes that the Hope Day Nurseries and the two homes for colored girls should all be consolidated in one building. The doctor also favors ministerial alliances; he says they too often work against each other. He believes that the clergy should all come together and have an understanding about their Sunday sermons; for instance, all ministers take for their subject the evil or some similar subject on a given day. He says that frequently when one minister preaches one thing, another advocates just the opposite. Mrs. Frances R. Keeper spoke in behalf of the home of which she is matron. She says that during the fourteen years of the White Rose Home for Colored Girls has been in existence they have housed over ten thousand girls, fifteen hundred have been met at the Norfolk and New York wharves. Mrs. Keysers claims that 90 per cent of the girls aided by the institutions have turned out to be good virtuous women. Fred R. Moore of the New York Age spoke of the press. He said as far as the Age was concerned he would co-operate with the organization in helping colored people. The speaker in his characteristic manner took issue with Miss Mary White Owington (white) about why colored children do not seek public baths, etc. She claims that colored people do not make use of as many places as they should, because many of them having recently arrived from the south, do not know their rights, etc. Fred Moore said it was because negroes, unlike the Irish, have been trained to use the baths tub. Mr. Moore scored the white press, saying that it forces the negro press to spend all its time in building up the progress which the white press constantly tears down. He says negro papers would be able to discuss the tariff, etc., if they did not have to spend all their time moralizing. Mr. Moore seldom minces words. Some say he is a little too outspoken for the good of the race. Rev. Father Bishop spoke on the church, saying in part that the churches should co-operate; he told of the boys' clubs, which have been organized in his parish for the purpose of developing them mentally, morally and physically. He thinks most institutions are weak in that they only develop the mind and body of individuals, omitting the spiritual side and the character. It is well said to develop the physical nature of the individual, but he should also be trained how not to use it—to hold it in restraint. Mr. Bishop says that the white people take their hands off as soon as they thing that the colored people can stand alone. He told how his bishop refused to help him get aid for his church because the church has a reputation of being rich. Rev. Hayes of Mt. Olivet Baptist church says the church must come down among the people. Dr. Barton (white) says there should be no charity building for negroes, that all should be treated alike. He says there is no race problem, simply the nexus is displacing the old type, which is fast disappearing, and wants to be treated like a man. The negro is not a problem, simply an American citizen, said he. ALL FOOD CERTIFIED. "Why do you hand me a check for the oysters? I ordered a full dinner. When I have finished, then bring me the check." "That isn't the check," explained the waiter. "That is the house physician's certificate that the oysters are free from germs." - Kansas City Jour TEST OF GREATNESS. Columbus had made the egg stand on end. "But could you unscramble it?" demanded the mortified courtiers. Which merely accentuates the great truth that nobody is springing any new puzzles nowadays.—Chicago Tribune. WESTERN RESERVE CLEVELAND, O. HISTORICAL SOCIETY. TE SINGLE CO FRANCE IN AFRICA There are 10,000,000 of people in the United States who are, sentimentally, at least, interested in the present future of the continent of Africa and its unnumbered borders of people. They are so interested because, in one way or another, they are descended from that continent and from that people. The true vine, however far it may trail over the wall, must hark back to its true root, and will do it if it be not grafted upon some other root and finally become lost as to its origin. As long as it retains any of the knisph, any of its true root, the true vine will find its rays back, and will know its kindred vines as it goes. It is that way with the blood of the races. In his address on "The Nationalization of Africa," at "The Congress on Africa," in 1895, at Atlanta, our Mr. Fortune said among other things: "If the conquest of Africa shall proceed in the next 75 years as it has in the past 25, the whole continent will be as completely under European control, after the lapse of a century, physically and morally, as is possible upon the conquered. The vast population of Africa will be brought under Christian influences, in new forms of government and habits of thought, and of conduct. The whole life of the people will be revolutionized. Ancient beliefs and superstititions and tribal relations and dissimilarity of vernaculars will, in the course of time, be transformed entirely. The demoralizing heterogeneity which now prevails over the whole continent will give place to a pervailing homogeneity in language, in religion and in government." This forecast map made 16 years ago. The time has traveled fast, but nowhere has it traveled faster than on the continent of Africa. All of its vast territory has been divided among the European powers, with the exception of Liberia on the west coast, for control of which Germany, France and Great Britain, whose territories hem it in, are scheming. Railroads and telegraphs pierce the continent in all directions, and the deserts are being reclaimed from waste and made to blossom "as gardens of the Lord." While France owns 45 per cent. of Africa, the remaining 55 per cent. is divided between Great Britain, Germany, Italy and Belgium, the Portuguese holdings being negligible. *Native rights, personal and mineral, are but little regarded by any of the powers, except France, the general policy being to keep the natives down, without any participation in the government, and get all out of them that it is possible to get. As between the tyranny and rapacity of Great Britain, Germany and Italy there is little to choose, the tyranny and rapacity of Belgium in the Congo having been such as to shock Christian Europe and America, and to compel reforms that have in some measure mitigated the horrors practiced upon the natives. The pacific policy of France in Africa, and the tremendous development it has made and is making of the resources of its African empire, are graphically set forth in the Outlook (October 28), by E. Alexander Powell, F. R. G. S. The story is most fascinating in which is told how France came to control 45 per cent of the territory and 24 per cent of the population of Africa. France has conquered the people by kindness; by giving them a part of her civil and military service; by just administration of the laws, and by building churches, schools, railroads and telegraphs. The people feel that they are part of French development, and they are. The threat of France to enlist a million natives in her army is not an idle one, as the natives are with France, there being now 75,000 of them enlisted, and "nothing pleases the African as an occupation more than soldiering," said Mr. Powell. A black French army could be advanced to the banks of the Rhine in ten days. France is doing great things in Africa. -New York Age. FAR-SIGHTED EDITOR. The editor of an up-state weekly had advertised a year's subscription as a prize for the largest potato grown in the community. The competition waxed warm, and the enterprising newspaper man was hard pressed to accommodate the scores of tubers which flooded the printing office. His competitor, meeting him on the street, attempted to "kid" the potato booster on his "commission market." "You don't expect to increase your circulation this way?" scoffed the rival. "Here's the proposition," answered the editor. "I'm out a $1.50 subscription. But as near as I can figure spuds at 85 cents a bushel, I'm in exactly $7. I'm going to try rutabagas next!"—Milwaukee Free Press. A GENUINE HUSTLER. How is this for enterprise. Every time a Topeka undertaker hears of some one being sick he sends an invitation to the family to visit his undertaking rooms and inspect his fine line of supplies and his up-to-date methods of caring for the dead.—Kansas CMy Journal. TOUGH. "Kicking about your Thanksgiving dinner, eh?" said the charitable citizen. "So that's what I get for sending you a turkey and a blanket." "Weil, boss, my *wife* must have cooked the blanket."—Louisville Courier-Journal. IN UNION IMPRESS STRENGTH Persons Otherwise Strong Mentally May Develop a Dread of Open or Closed Places, of Crowds, of Solitude and, in Fact, of Anything. Fear as a disease had not received serious attention until recent years. Now it is recognized by the medical profession that there is a whole list of phobias, as they are called, which are quite distinct from a normal and legitimate condition of fear due to some natural cause. Thus there is the fear of open or closed places, says the Medical Record, fear of high places, fear of men or women, fear of crowds and of solitudes, fear of animals, fear of insects, fear of darkness, fear of accidents, fear of fire, fear of travel and, in fact, fear of anything. There is no end to the absurdity of acts which may be occasioned by these persistent ideas of fear. Those that possess the fear of riding on a train find no pleasure in traveling, those that have fear of closed places do not enjoy going to church and generally always sit near the door ready to fly at the first sign of danger. Various fears may also develop in connection with the occupation of the patient—for instance, barbers sometimes suffer these attacks whenever they see a razor, or telegraphers when they catch sight of their instruments, which finally necessitates giving up the occupation. Among women especially there occurs the fear of dirt, contagion or infection. The countless bacteria always present in the air are the chief source of annoyance. The patients are always complaining of bad air and are always throwing open the windows. Books are especially avoided as a possible source of contagion. In patients with fear of injury they will throw away all needles in the house or they will no more wash windows for fear that the glass might break and cut them. The intellect in these cases is not only undisturbed, but may be unusually good. Patients exhibit throughout a pronounced feeling of mental illness and frequently a clear insight into the morbidity of the individual symptoms. The more common of the various phobias as classified by Beard are as follows: Claustrophobia, fear of narrow or closed places; agoraphobia, fear of open places; astrophobia, fear of lightning; monophobia, fear of being alone; pathophobia, fear of disease; raysophobia, fear of contamination; siderodromophobia, fear of railroad travel; acrophobia, fear of being at a height or looking over precipices; thanatophobia, fear of death. It is to be emphasized that the phobias in question are not normal fears, based, as normal or natural fears are, on some reasonable justifying experience. A reasonable and justifiable normal fear of lightning might arise after the experience of having been at some time in a house struck by lightning. Other fears, such as the fear of riding in a buggy after having been in a runaway or the fear of a voyage at sea or railway after a frightful shipwreck or railway accident, is a more or less natural or reasonable fear, as the fear of hoodoos and ghosts is among the superstitious or those accustomed to ghost stories and tradition of goblin visitations, etc. These fears do not require a warped brain for their lodgment, though the weakened brain may be more vividly impressed by them. To be regarded as symptoms of disease these fears must be groundless so far as influences external to the brain are concerned. They must proceed from a morbid state of the brain and not from properly exciting external causes. They must be fears peculiar to the individual under peculiar circumstances of cerebral disturbance and not fear common to others and due to causes that naturally cause alarm and frighten. BROKE THE WAR RECORD. There is in existence a very modest man who, though now peacefully employed, has in his day seen fighting in many parts of the globe. His friends know this and lose no opportunity to draw him out anent his thrilling war adventures. But the veteran's modesty is such that his tales are more than likely to be colorless and disappointing. Once some of his friends interested him and by artful subterfuge led the conversation straight up to a certain battle, in which, as they knew, the veteran had participated. In a moment of carelessness he allowed himself to be trapped into statements regarding that battle. Whereupon, noting that he had warmed to the subject, one of his friends suddenly said: "You were in that battle, weren't you?" "Ye-yes," confessed the veteran, much embarrassed. "Tell us about your experiences on that day," commanded one of the gathering. There was a breathless silence. The fighter saw there was no way out of it. "On that day," he began slowly, "at a conservative estimate—" All leaned forward eagerly. "I ran 12 miles." THE GAZETTE PUBLISHED EVERY SATURDAY One Year. $1.50 Six Months. 1.00 Three Months. .50 Subscribers are requested to mit by postoffice money or registered letter. Entered at the postoffice in Cleveland Ohio, as second-class matter Address all communications to HARRY C. SMITH Editor and proprietor, THE GAZETTE, Blackstone Building, Cleveland, O. Member Ohio Legislature: 1894 to 1896: 1896 to 1898: 1900 to 1902 THE GAZETTE is the oldest, and has the largest bena fide circulation double that of any newspaper in the interest of Afro-Americans, published in the state of Ohio, and comparison with any will immediately establish its rank as one of the NEWBIEST AND BEST in the country. The Pensacola (Fla.) Sentinel is issued a fine Xmas number. We wish all of our readers a happy, prosperous and healthful new year! The Gazette is indebted to its esteemed contemporary, the Cincinnati Union, Prof. W. P. Dabney, editor, for the splendid portrait of Jack Johnson, mother and wife as they were seated in their beautiful Chicago home, be fore a grate fire, this last Christmas evening. It speaks volumes, in more ways than one, for the heavyweight puglist of the world, doesn't it? The man who suffers personal wrong without protest or opposition, the "peaceful" member of the community, is a demoralizing factor in our social fabric. The class that does not struggle for civic and industrial rights will eventually lapse into slavery. The nation that passively countens encroachments upon its rights and territory is doomed to dismemberment and national bankruptcy. It is the man who defends his rights, the class that battles for political and industrial advancement and the nation that holds its own against the entire world; it is the "litigious" person, the revolutionary class, and the vigilant nation, that keep the world from stagnation and force it onward on the path of progress.—Hillquit. Calling attention to the fact that Newark had apprehended and punished more lynchers for the one lynching in that city than all the rest of the country combined, Special Counsel W. H. Miller made a detailed report last month to Attorney General Hogan, of the cases tried in Licking county. Mr. Miller was assigned by Attorney General Hogan to aid in the prosecution of the lynching cases. His report shows that 20 of the prisoners have pleaded guilty or been convicted, 14 have been sent to prison for manslaughter, one for second degree murder, three for riot and nine for assault, two were acquitted, 12 cases sled, one not apprehended and eight cases have been carried to the higher courts. In all, 52 cases have been disposed of and one remains to be tried when the man is apprehended. More than this, Licking county has to pay to the Etherington county (in Kentucky) the Etherington dollars, under our Ohio Anti-Lynch law. The Etheringtoners are white, and can thank an Afro-American for something. REDUCE HER REPRESENTATION During the Congress now in session several of the recent pigeon-holed efforts to rightly reduce the South's representation will no doubt be revived. In all probability these measures will receive more staunch support and more staunch opposition than they have received heretofore owing to the approach of the presidential election by reason of the increase of population the glaring inequality in the basis of representation North and South has become glaringly apparent. The South in Congress wields an unjust and disproportionate citizen through the grandfather clause through the property qualification subfuge and through the shotgun. She is now dancing on the edge of the political cliff, she should be made to pay the fiddler. She should not be allowed to eat her cake and have it, too. Georgia and Mississippi have voters of only half the number of Maine and Kansas. Yet brutally ignorant and backward Georgia and Mississippi exert through their glardwicks an influence greater than those two great and progressive states. They are bolded South, with her Vardamans, Jeff Devises, Hoke Smiths and Ben Tillmans in Congress, is drunk with power. Such Democrats are a menace to the democracy not only of today, but of tomorrow in America. They are the surest guarantee of the continued lagging industry and degrading race injustice in their States. Their number should be reduced / in Congress in just proportion to their number. They are just to the Northern States. It will be the surest means of bringing the South to realize that there is a constitution, that the war is over. Let every Colored citizen in the North watch the action of his congressmen on the reduction of representation measures. Let him tell his representative that he is watching him, and that he will accept him at the election next year punish his traitors and reward his friends.—N. Y. City Amsterdam News. The foregoing is strong, timely and truth. The Gazette endorses every line of it, and has said the same thing time and again, for many years. The situation has grown more critical, however, in recent years for reasons made clear in our leader, headed "The Bristow Amendment," and unless we soon have a Chief Executive and Congress that dare do their duty along the suffrage line, especially for the south, it will not be long ere it will be too late for the much-needed action, our contemporary calls attention. to and urges at this time. By all means, let the south's representation in Congress be reduced because of its dischrissement, as mandatorily required by a section of the U. S. Constitution. THE BRISTOW AMENDMENT Reports from Washington seem to indicate that the southern Democrats in the house of representatives will not allow themselves to be used as tools by the interests that are endeavoring to prevent the popular election of United States senators. In other words, they are likely to accept the Bristow amendment, which places senatorial elections under national supervision. It was confidently expected that this amendment would serve as a bogey, presenting possibilities of federal enforcement of Negro enfranchisement. The southern congressmen are now becoming convinced that many of the senators who supported the Bristow amendment, which purpose of killing the resolution, and are resenting the role of cat's paw that was assigned to them. They are, moreover, beginning to realize that the general federal supervision provided by the Bristow amendment would not have any material bearing on "state rights". Senator Bristow declared that the general federal supervision provided by the purpose of preventing scandals in senatorial elections such as have been too common under existing regulations. It was not intended to be used as a club to intimidate or influence action in the south. It was supported, doubtless, by many senators whose motives were quite different from those of Mr. Bristow. It is not clear why the senate from its insistence upon the amendment. The house has already rejected a similar amendment. But the house is naturally more nearly unanimous than the senate in its desire to bring about popular senatorial elections. The senate has plenty of members who could not possibly have been involved in the unwilling support of the Borah resolution was brought about only through the insistence of public opinion. It is clear, then, that if concessions are necessary they must in all likelihood come from the house. The issue is squarely up to the southern democrats. They should consent to a tools of the hands of the senate who desire to use them to block a needful reform? Cleveland Plain Dealer. After the Classics "Now that the guess has gone," said the eminent pianist, "let's have a little ragtime and enjoy ourselves." Trouble Witn Ladies' Watches "We always have a vast deal more trouble with women than with men about the watches they carry," said a jeweler. "No matter how expensive a lady's watch or how correctly made it seems to need regulation and repair about twice as often as a man's watch. Of course most women forget to wind their watches, but aside from that they wear them so irregularly that the watch has the same environment about three days in seven." Call your lady friends' and acquaintances' attention to our up-to-date fashion and pattern departments and thus encourage them to subscribe or take The Gazette regularly. Oblige the Editor. THE GAZETTE, CLEVELAND, O., SATURDAY, JANUARY 6, 1912. THE FAMILY OF THE MAYFIELD MARRIAGE JACK JOHNSON WIFE AND MOTHER DEFIES SPANISH KING Princess Who Was Conspicuous in America During the Chicago World's Fair Is Again in the Limelight. Chicago—Americans who are old enough to remember distinctly the Columbian exposition of eighteen years ago in this city will recall the coming of Infanta Eulalia of Spain as a guest of the nation. At that time she was about thirty years old and she created a sensation here by snubbing the leaders of American society most royally. In Chicago she refused the hospitality of Mrs. Potter Palmer on the ground that she could not be the guest of an "innkeeper." Frequently since then Eulalia has figured in the international dispatches in a more or less sensational way. She is a woman of independent spirit and thinks no more of defying court etiquette than of snubbing American women. Alfonso, the youthful king of Spain, who is her nephew, has found her far from complaisant when he has issued his orders and she has never hesitated to criticize him openly. He objected strenuously when she divorced her husband in France, a thing illegal in Spain; she called him an ingrate when he did not reward her son for fighting in Africa; and for some time she has preferred to live in Paris. Recently she published a book in which she justifies divorce as a natural support to morality under certain circumstances, and when Alfonso THE LIBRARIA ROLLER heard of it he telegraphed a command for the suppression of the book. Then Eulalae exercised her woman's prerogative and talked back, expressing herself in no uncertain terms. She defies her kingly nephew and says she will sell her Spanish estates, give up her place at court and live as she pleases in Paris. At the same time she bids Alfonso a curt farewell. Of course all European royalty is scandalized and in circles which are not royal expectations are nursed that before long Eulalae, now that she has "kicked over the traces," will be doing things to keep the sensational press busy. Alfonso had trouble enough trying to govern his somewhat rebellious subjects. He might have known better than to try to boss a woman. NOW A PENSION FOR MOTHERS Homes May Thus Be Kept Up and Children Reared by Mother and Sent to School. Chicago.—The new Illinois state law pension deserving poor mothers with families recently became operative. The first week forty mothers, most of them widows and the sole support of that many broods of children, received checks for amounts ranging from $18 to $120. The pension act allows $5 to $10 a month for each child. Nearly all the mothers were tearfully grateful. The pension allows them to keep the family together and exercise the care necessary for growing children. The deserving mothers and children are investigated by officials of the juvenile court. When the home influences are found to be good and the mothers deserving the money is paid to the mother. Before the law was passed the mothers who found it impossible to support their children turned them over to the juvenile court and that institution placed them in other homes, for the support of each child the county paid ten dollars a month in the new homes. The pension law authorized the county to leave the children with the parent and pay them the ten dollars a month for each child. A Boy's Miraculous Escape. Grand Junction, Colo.-At the risk of his own life an unidentified tramp saved Willie Stevens, twelve years old, from death. The boy, on his way to school, jumped upon a moving freight train. He slipped and fell under a car. The tramp, who was riding on the rods beneath, grabbed him and held him from the ground until the train stopped. The boy's leg was fractured and two of his fingers were smashed beneath the wheels. CLINGS TO WALL OF CANYON Government Road in the Yellowstone Park Is a Triumph of Engineering Skill. United States government engineers have performed feats equal to those of the ancient Roman engineers in road building, a recent example of which may be found in the Yellowstone National park, where the government is spending millions of dollars in highway and other improvements. The illustration shows a road which on concrete piers hangs to the side of the Golden Gate canyon as it Concrete Yellowstone Road. twists and twines its way in to the park. It is a triumph of engineering skill. The government has entire control of the park. All new roads opened and the repairs and maintenance of old roads and trails are entirely dependent upon congressional appropriations. The roads are now in very fine condition, a great deal of work and expense having recently been put upon them, and steel and concrete bridges have almost entirely replaced wooden ones. Prominent among the improvements is the construction of the fine lava arch entrance at Gardiner, at a cost of $10,000; the new concrete viaduct at Golden Gate, costing $10,000, to replace the old timber trestle; and the erection of a very fine concrete and steel bridge of artistic design across the Yellowstone river and rapids, just above the upper fall of the Yellowstone at the Grand canyon, at the expense of $20,000. Fort Yellowstone, the military post in the park at Mammoth Hot Springs. Here, also, are the headquarters of the United States engineer in charge of the park improvements, and the United States commissioner. Mammoth Hot Springs is thus the capital of the park. In recent years this place has been greatly improved. A rearrangement of roads, new buildings, concrete sidewalks, a new waterworks and an irrigation system and a consequent carpeting of grass on the old white plaza in front of the hotel and officers' quarters, has metamorphosed the locality. Mammoth Hot Springs is the largest and most important place in the park. Here all authority centers; it is the heart from which pulsate the currents of life which permeate the park. Guthrie, Okla.—At sixty-four years of age, W. W. Elam, a farmer living living east of Blanchard, Okla., is the father of his twenty-four child, which made its appearance at his home a few days ago. The mother of the child is Elam's third wife. Of his twenty-four children, eleghteen are living. Elam has spent his entire life on the farm. This places Elam at the head of his class in Oklahoma. Father's Joy Unabated. HORN DINNER CALL London's Oldest Custom Relic of Crusaders. Benchers, Barristers and Students Summoned by Ancient Method—Recalls Days When Clocks and Watches Were Unknown. London.—Nowhere do old customs cling more firmly than in the ancient seat of legal learning, the Middle Temple, London, which still jealously guards the traditions it has inherited. To the present-day benchers, barrists and students are summoned to dinner each evening during term time by the blowing of a horn—a custom which has survived on this spot since the romantic days of the crusaders. Every evening at 5:30 during the three weeks of the legal terms, a warder, in gold-braided uniform, procures the ox horn from the strong room of the Middle Temple, and proceeding to the famous fountain in Fountain court, summons the members to dinner by blowing a blast on this primitive instrument. He then visits each court in turn, according to ancient custom, and many a bencher throws up his window to listen to the sound of the winding horn, which has been heard continuously in these precincts since the time when the Knights Templar established themselves there in 1184. Its use recalls the days when clocks and watches were unknown, and the voice of the watchman, calling out the time, was a familiar sound through the night watches. Sun dials were then the only guides the people possessed as to the flight of time, and of these more than one still survives. Summoning Lawyers to Dinner. with its quaint motto, on the walls of the Temple buildings. It is to the sworn enemies of the Knights Templar, the Saracens, oddly enough, that as we do, indeed, the greater part of our mathematical knowledge as well. When the Templars founded their new monastery between Whitefriars and Essex house in the Strand, the latter was, as its name implies, merely a beach beside the silver Thames, and all around was open country, the site of the present law courts being a large field which was used as a tilting ground by the knights. In later days, when the men of law had taken over the settlement of the Knights Templar, the students, who were resident in the Temple, were dependent on its kitchen for their daily meals. After a hurried breakfast in the buttery at eight o'clock they would take their law books, and wander off along the Strand, where, in summer time, they lay under the trees and bushes studying law. Some would row across the river to the Surrey fields, and wander through the open country. Half an hour before dinner the panyer man, who drew the daily supply of bread every morning from Westminster, used to take a large ox horn and walk along the river's side, blowing the horn as a signal to the student's to return to the temple for dinner. The panyer man, who was formerly charged with the duty of winding the horn, had also to provide the hall with mustard, pepper and vinegar, his annual wages in 1638 amounting to $26. Other useful members of the staff were the chief wash pot and the under wash pot, the chief turn broach, the steward's servant and under turn spit; the last named receiving $6 a year. The horn now in use in the Middle Temple possesses no antiquarian interest in itself, dating back only some ten years. It was brought over from the Argentine by one of the members shortly before it was found necessary to discontinue the use of the old one. "Ye horn of ye Middle Temple" had become so decrepit, through age and constant use, that the weird and fancy sounds it emitted were calculated to bring it into ridicule. It had become a mass of silver bands, which had been added from time to time to keep it together, and close up the cracks in its sides. But in spite of these bands the air still escaped so freely that the warder who blew it to have a wet handkerchief over the horn every time he used it. So the ancient horn, which had sounded the welcome summons to dinner in term for generations, was placed on the retired list, and now it only sees the light on grand nights in hall, when it is placed on the table with the rest of the Middle Temple's proud display of silver plate. ATTENTION, READERSI Don't throw away your copy of The Gazette when you have done with it, but give it to some appreciative person whom you feel would be likely to subscribe or take it regularly, if they had a copy to look over and read carefully. Oblige the WHAT OUR PEOPLE ARE DOING IN MANY CITIES AND TOWNS OF THE STATE. INTERESTING PERSONAL NOTES Social Functions—Church and Lodge Items—Marriages and Deaths—Literary, Musical and Other Notes of Interest. Canton—Rev. and Mrs. Johnson were entertained at Mrs. Spencer's New Year's day—Mr. and Mrs. Liggens visited Zanesville, last week—Misses Newby and Patterson, Mrs. Lawrence and Mr. Hunter attended the dance in Massillon, Xmas night—Mrs. Brown entertained the embroidery club, Wednesday evening—Mr. and Mrs. McGruder spent Xmas with her brother, the Sib of Pittsburgh is visiting her sister, Mrs. Hill—The Ladies' Aid Society met at Mrs. McGruder's, Thursday afternoon. Sandusky.—We wish the editor of the Gazette and its staff of writers, many years more of success.—Mr. and Mrs. John Bolden of Elyria, visited their parents, Mr. and Mrs. John Scott, Xmas.—The Xmas entertainment at the A. M. E. church was a yearly event. At 5 a. m., breakfast was served.—Monday evening, the Second Baptist choir rendered the cantata, "Santa Claus." J. S. Davis, manager, deserves great credit. The entertainment was certainly a fine one. After a long day, the choir was lighted with electricity. This was arranged by Mr. Samuel Scott. Gifts were made to the S. S. children, the old folk and many visitors in the city. The pastor and wife were well remembered. Mrs. Smith receiving a plush coat. The old pocketbook of a girl. The man in the armbanded a $5 gold piece. Both are very thankful to the friends. Correspondents must mall all letters for publication at their main postoffice sufficiently early on Monday (or Sunday) of each week to have them reach The Gazette office on Tuesday morning, and always write, also, their names and that of their relatives, and to have the wrapper about returned copies. Unless this latter is done, proper credit cannot be given you. Lists of names, wedding presents, etc., obituary notices, speeches, resolutions, poetry, inquiries for relatives and advertisements of all kinds, including items announcing entertainments to be held in advance at the rate of ten cents a line, six words to a line. Our rates for display advertisements will be sent on application. Send postal note and not stamps during warm weather. Cadiz,—Mrs. Mamie Smith of McHytre, visited her mother, Mrs. Lizzie West,—Miss Hattie Lucas entertained a number of young people on the 29th in honor of her guest, Miss Julia M.oney of Smithfield, Miss Kizzie Harris of New York, and Harris of Oberlin was here. Also George Thompson of Smithfield.—The Masons gave a fine banquet at their hall on the 2nd,—Miss Irene Johnson of Wilberforce, spent her vacation here,—Mr. and Mrs. E. Nash of Columbus, and the Misses Ramsey were invited to the banquet, Mrs. Kent and niece, Ethel Wear, of Steubenville, visited Miss Laura White,“Santa Claus’ Dream,” by the S. s., was a success. A number of young men from Fernwood, spent Monday here.—The infant daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Norris Dulling was last夜, just before George visited his daughter, Mrs. William Sturring, during the holidays. Other out-of-town here were: Mr. T. Brown of E. Liverpool, Miss Lena Barnaby, Harry Wallace and Douglass Williams, Miss Reba West was in Canton for a few days.—Miss Ruth Mason has returned from Bellaire. Smithfield—Dr. J. H. Jones, P. E. held his first quarterly meeting here Sunday, preaching morning and evening, and in McIntyre—Mrs. Fred Ramsey and children of Hopale, spent Saturday and Sunday with Mrs. Homer Harris—Miss M. Beall is ill—Mr. W. Beasley is visiting relatives in Hopale—Mr. Donglass of Akron, visited Saturday and Sunday—Miss Julia Veney and F. T. Davis of Pittsburg, visited in Cadiz and Hopale, last week—Miss Anna Cabella of Bryn Mahr, Mr. and Mrs. Abe Dorsey of Homestead, and Mr. Archie Hargraves of Pittsburg, are guests of Mr. and Mrs. Carey Hargraves—Mrs. Clara West and daughter, Thela, of Hopale, spent Xmas with her mother, Mrs. Jas. Carter—Mrs. Oedet Little and son, and Miss Eva Smith Fernwood, spent as week with Mrs. Jas. Carter—Mrs. Oedet Cleveland, is visiting her parents—Mr. and Mrs. Harris of Pittsburg, spent Xmas with her parents, Mr. and Mrs. Edward West—Rev. and Mrs. S. W. White and Mrs. T. G. White dined with Mr. and Mrs. C. Hargraves, Xmas—Messrs. F. Carter and G. D. Dinners were in Mt. Pleasant, Xinas—Rv. and Mrs. White attended the Quinn church recital in Steubenville, Xinas—Rv. and Mrs. Fitzgerald Hargraves is there visiting her aunt for a few days—Mr. and Mrs. Ernest Freeman of Bradley, spent Xmas with his mother, Mrs. D. Fitzgerald—Mr. and Mrs. H. Harris have located on Maple Av. Mrs. W. H. Veney entertained, New Year's evening, Mrs. A. Cabell of Philadelphia and Mrs. A. Dorssey of Pittsburgh; Mrs D. D. Lewis entertained them at dinner—Mr. Pillow, Mrs Jula M. Veney's guest from Xmas to New Year's, left Monday evening for home. --- Youngstown — Mrs. Thos. Lonesome, Mrs. Gaines Williams, Paris Hall, Wm. Nelson and Remus Duff are convalescing—Mrs. Frank Curtiss and Miss Howard were in Lisbon, Xmas. Mr. and Mrs. John Anderson were guests of Mr. and Mrs. M. McCullen, last week. Rev. and Mrs. Taylor kept open-house, Monday from 3 to 6 p. m. About 300 called—Mrs. Robert Hackman, Rev. and Mrs. Frank Curtiss entertained at dinner, New Year's: Mr. and Mrs. Wm. Saunders, Mrs. Bessie Lewis, Mrs. Lucy Howard, Miss Gertrude Smith, Miss Sadie Boggess, Miss Bettie Lewis, Messrs. Ralph, Burtch. Walter Woods and Chas, Lewis, Music and games—Jacob Egberth (white) of Chicago, an occasional contributor to The Gazette, said recently in a Chicago daily newspaper: "The complaint of a Colored man concerning the Jim Crow car reminds us of the degree of spite which a democratic republic is an anomaly and must in the nature of things perish molens volens, because of its inconsistency with the fundamental principle of a democracy, equality of all its citizens before the law. In the meantime, until this consistency becomes a concrete fact, it is the plain duty of the interstate commission to see to it that molens volens and molens volens status are strictly complied with in those parts of the country where this medieval system still prevails. The commission has had the matter, indeed, presented to it, and, I believe, sent out some kind of order to roads disobeying the regulations. It is the duty of the commission to demand and exact by the powers of government, obedience to its mandates." CORRESPONDENTS WANTED The old reliable Gazette desires an active agent and correspondent in every city and town in Ohio and neighboring states having a number of Afro-American residents. Only a little time on Fridays or Saturdays is required. We are especially desirous of hearing from persons in the following named cities: Zanesville, Newark, Lancaster, Lebanon, Chillicothe, Toledo, Columbus, Columbus, Columbus, Columbus, Columbus, Bellaire, St. Clairsville, Wilmington, Portsmouth, Washington, C. H., Oxford, Sabina, Gallipolis, Oberlin, Urbana, Delaware, M. Vernon, East Liverpool, Wellsville, Hamilton, Middleport, Bellefontaine, Lima, O., and other places where we have none. Write to the editor of The Gazette, Blackstone building, Cleveland, O., and terms will be sent promptly. Our readers will oblige us greatly by sending us a letter of thanks in the cities named above, or others, to whom we can write relative to the matter. LEGAL NOTICE. State of Ohio, Cuyahoga County, ss. In the Court of Common Pleas, No. 126.017. June Mason, plaintiff, vs. John Woodford and Lizzie Woodford, defendants. John Woodford, whose residence is unknown, and Lizzie Woodford, who resides at No. 2939 Armour Avenue, Chicago, Ill., will take notice that June Mason filed his petition in the Common Pleas Court of Cuyahoga County, Ohio, in Cause No. 126.017, against them on September 9th, 1811, and alleging as a cause of action that the Mason had lowing described real estate, adverse and hostile to himself as the owner of the fee simple title and being in actual possession thereof towit: Situated in the city of Cleveland, county of Cuyahoga and state of Ohio, and known as being the westier 16 feet 8 inches of sublot Number Thirty-five (35) and the easterly 16 feet 8 inches of sublot Number Thirty-four (34) in Ford and Holden's subdivision of a part of original one hundred acre lot Number 392 as shown by the recorded plot of said subdivision in Volume 5 of Maps, page 4 of Cuyahoga County Records. Being a parcel of land having a frontier side of Blaine Avenue N E. a further extending back between parallel lines 122 feet deep— Because of a certain land contract dated July 15th, 1909, between themselves as second party and one William Bussman, the then owner of said property, as first party, whereby they were the owners of the land, and the sum of the sum of $1850.00, to be paid in monthly installments of $16.00 per month, after an initial payment of $150.00, until $850.00 had been paid, when the purchaser was to assume and pay a mortgage of $1000.00 existing upon said property, upon receiving a deed then to be made by said purchaser, and agreeing as second party to pay all the same void and assessment levied on said premises. A default in the making of any one payment by said contract agreed to be paid caused all remaining installments to become due and payable at the option of the first party. And further alleging that by said contract to elect to declare the same void and to reenter upon said premises and to oust said second party of all right and interest and possession in the said property by proceedings in foreible entry and detainer, with authority to sell said land without liability to said second party. That said defendants as second party to said contract were made thereunder, that they were greatly in arrears and in default for performance on their part on July 19th, 1911, that said William Bussman, said first party elected to treat said contract as void, duly recovered possession of said property by judgment of restitution in the case of the Peace, and duly conveyed the same by warranty deed to said June Mason. That all right and interest therefor existing in said property in favor of said defendants, the said second party, were terminated thereby and that the record of said contract as the same exists at page 124 of Volume 1273 of Cuyahoga County Records is a cloud upon his title, and that said defendants have no interest in said property. He prays that the court adjudge them to have no interest therein, that the record of said contract be cancelled, that plaintiff's title be quieted against all claims of said defendants and for general equitable relief. Said John Woodford and Lizzie Woodford are required to answer on or before February 3rd, 1912. ALEXANDER H. MARTIN. Attorney for Plaintiff, 563 American Trust Building, Cleveland, Ohio. $t$ WONDERFUL RESULTS ON SHORT NOTICE I have used your Pomade. Its the best thing I ever used for making curly hair lace smooth. I have not finished my first bottle, but can see wonderful results, writes Mrs. Louise E. Hayes of Pineville, S. C. Try Ford's Hair Pomade for harsh stubborn and unruly hair and Ford's Royal White Skin Lotion for the complexion. Ask your druggist for them. Be sure and get the genuine (Ford's) manufactured by the Ozonized Ox Marrow Company, Chicago, Ill. PURELY PERSONAL PURCHASE THE "GAZETTE" AT J. S. HALL'S, 3121 Central Ave. L. SCHWARTZ'S, 2921 Central Ave. Open Sunday. O. C. SCHROEDER'S, Cuyahoga Bldg. Open Sunday. ELMER F. BOYD'S, 2604 Central Ave. F. VALENTINE'S, 2130 Central Ave. NOTICE TO SUBSCRIBERS:--Subscribers not receiving The Gazette regularly should notify us at once. We desire every copy delivered promptly. We advise our patrons to carefully examine The Gazette's advertisements before making purchases. Business men who advertise in this paper should have the patronage of Afro-Americans. The fact that they advertise is assurance that they want it. Local reading notices (advertisements) ten cents a line (six words in a line.) FOR RENT—Nicely furnished room. all conveniences, at 2334 E. 87th. St. Bell 'Phone, Doan 2045 R. NOTARY PUBLIC—For such services call at The Gazette Office, No 3 Blackstone Building, No. 1422 W. 30 street, near Superior avenue. FOR SALE—Brand new, imperial Encyclopedia and Dictionary, 40 volumes, finely illustrated, handy to handle. Unexcelled for reference purposes. A library in itself—one that has a life-time. Contains everything you may wish to know. Call or address, The Gazette, Blackstone Building, 1422 W. 3d St. Cleveland, O. near Superior Av. This is an opportunity of a life-time for those who love good books. Mrs. L. Rovello and son, Clifford spent the holidays with relatives in Providence, R. L., and N. Y. City. Madam L. A. Cunningham of 2198 E. 48d St. has returned from a visit with her daughter and friends in Youngstown. The Gazette is indebted to Rufus S. Justice, the tailor, 4316 Central Ave. for a very pretty calendar and the wish for "a happy and prosperous new year." Mrs. C. J. Sayles of 4812 Payne Av. entertained a leap year party at lares. New Year's. About thirty called of course there were some gentlemen present. Payne Av. ladies said, jokingly, that they wished they were widows, this year. The editor of The Gazette is indebted to Hon. Cyrus Fields Adams, As WANTED AGENTS - A good chance to make from $15.00 to $50.00 a week. Good opportunity for men of all ages. We want reliable agents to take orders for our "high quality" guaranteed nursery stock. Liberal commission paid weekly. Permanent year-round position. Complete course in salesmanship with free outfit. Experience unnecessary. All goods sold under positive ironclad guarantee to be presented. Write quick. Pennsylvania Nursery Co., Girard. Erie Co., Pa. Mrs. Hickman is visiting Mrs. R. Corum. Miss S. Cox of Ravenna, was in the city, this week. Mrs. C. Rudd and daughter, Thelma, rished to Akron, Sunday The W. C. T. U. met at Mrs. Ida B. Wells, E. 40th T. Tuesday evening. For select dancing attend Friday evening's private parties at Ideal hall. J. H. Morton of E. 36th St. who has been ill with pneumonia, is convalescent. Mrs. Geo. Fields of Dunlap Av., and children, have gone to Meadville and Oil City, Pa., to visit relatives. W. H. Hunley slipped from a Central Ave. car step, last week, Friday, and dislocated his shoulder. He was taken to St. Vincent's hospital. Miss Corinne Thomas of Oberlin, and Miss Ruth A. Fisher of Lorain, guests of Mrs. Wm. Fowler of the East End during holidays, returned home Wednesday. The first annual convention of the National Association of Chiropodists, now being organized by the Pedic Society of N. Y. State, will be held in Chicago, July 1, 2, 3. Dr. Geo H. Turner, the local representative. Miss L. E. Warren has returned from Jewett, O., where she established an agency. It is a pleasure for The Gazette to note the splendid success that Miss Warren is meeting with in her business. Mrs. Sabina McCarthy, aged 72, Dec. 28 at her daughter, Mrs. J. H. Olde Rose court, and was buried in Woodland cemetery, from St. John's church Tuesday afternoon. Dr. Chas Bundy officiating. J. Walter Wills, who has been very ill with pneumonia, for a couple of weeks, is better. His helper, by the name of Spencer, was taken to his home in Oberlin, last week, suffering with the same disease. He was taken to Haven church. Sunday, will be held as usual, the pastor, Rev. J. L. Burr, preaching in the morning on "The God that Dwells With Men" and in the evening on "The Judgment." Revival meetings every night. Rev. W. L. Burr of Columbus, will begin his special nightly sermons on the morning. COMING: Madam Louise; Alston Burleigh of New York City, wife of Mr. Harry T. Burleigh, the great baritone. Madam Burleigh is one of the greatest readers of our race. She will be supported by Madam Katherine Skene Mitchell, soprano soloist, and Master Loula Jones, violinist, and Master Johnston's orchestra, the finest in Ohio. Dr. J. L. Gilmere, P. E., will leave next week for Kansas City, Mo., to attend a meeting of the General Conference Commission which will complete arrangements for the G. C. session in May, 1912. He is also a delegate to the G. C. and a prominent candidate for secretary of the Church Extension department. Wm. Garrett, age 41, died at Lakeside Hospital, Xmas. The remains were shipped to Washington, D. C., the 27th ult. for interment. Julius Ross, Jr., died Dec. 26th. Interment in E. Cleveland cemetery, Dec. 27th. Vallance, age 36, died. Dec. 31th. The remains were shipped to Carlslea, Ky. Jan. 1 for interment. E. F. Boyd, funeral director. Mr. James E. Benson, an old and well known citizen of this city, dropped dead last Friday as he was arranging his neckleat at his step-daughter, Mrs Clara Deaver House E. 330. He was very well known. For many years he was proprietor of the Weddell House barber shop, and after it was closed ran shops in The Arcade and elsewhere in and near the city. Funeral from Mrs. Amy Williams' residence, afternoon. Interment in Woodland clement, Miss "Mickle," Cook of Baltimore, morally supervising teacher of our Normal School of that city, and a former resident of this city and Detroit, who arrived in the city. Tuesday evening from that city, to visit our schools also, particularly our new Normal School, is stopping at St. St. She leaves toda (Saturday), for Baltimore. Director Orr, Miss Clark, one of our normal supervisors, and the principal of the Normal and Tech- High Schools, were especially courteous in their treatment of Miss Cook we are pleased to say. Mrs. L. Roveto and son, Clifford and his holidays, with relatives in Providence, RI. The Gazette is indebted to Rufus S. Justice, the tailor, 4316 Central Ave. for a very pretty calendar and the wish for "a happy and prosperous new year." Mrs. C. J. Sayles of 4812 Payne Ave. entertained a leap year party of ladies, New Year's. About thirty called. Of course there were some gentlemen present. Some of the ladies said, jokingly, "We wished they were widows, this year." The editor of The Gazette is indebted to Hon. Cyrus Fields Adams, Assistant Register of the U. S. Treasury, for the usual yearly "check on the Bank of Good Fortune, foot of Peaceful Valley" for three hundred and sixty-six blissful days. Many thanks, Friend Adams. Send your local items to The Gazette on Monday or Tuesday of each week. This paper is published for all of our people and "plays no favorites." The body is very happy, the same—fair and right. Take The Gazette and tell your friends to do so also. The Orchard Art Club entertained, Xmas, in honor of their husbands and gentlemen, friends, at Mrs. Arthur Minor's, 3118 Cedar Av. A short program was rendered: Mrs. Noble, a piano selection; Mrs. Mukes, a recitation; Mr. Saunders and Miss Holly. solos. Covers were laid for 25 and the center of the table was covered with Chrysanthemums. Other floral reminders of the Christmas holiday season, as well as the club's colors (yellow and white) adorned the table and chairs. White and yellow roses were used in decorating the living rooms, and the Xmas tree was loaded down with presents for the members of the club. All had a most enjoyable time. St. James church held a very successful "New Site" collection, Sunday, and desires to thank all who assisted, especially Mr. and Mrs. Gordon Williams of Arthur St. who reported $30 and Miss Allen, who gave $2.750. Dr. Snelson, pastor of St. James, delivered an able emancipation address at the Mt. Zlon Congregational church celebration, Jan. 1, A. H. Martin Esq., Mr. John Kellogg and Mrs. Hattie Price were named as a committee on celebration for next year. Dr. G. C. Cox, the sisters of delightful Xmas party, Miss LaUrsa returning to Wilberforce. Tuesday She spent the holidays with her parents. The two nights' fancy fair at St. James was a success. Mr. John L. Bolden, 48, a letter-carryer for 25 years, living at 638 E. 99th St. was found Christmas eve in the entrance of a driveway near St. Clair and E. 76th St. and taken to St. Clair hospital, where he died last Thursday. He had stepped from his home to wait until his children had gone to school. He arranged, "I don't know how it happened, mamma," said Bolden to his wife in his only conscious moment, "I was hurrying home to fix up the Christmas tree for Francis and the next thing I knew I was here." Bruises on Bolden's face first led to the theory that he had been attacked or knocked down by a motorcycle. These injuries, however, were far too slight to cause his death, and probably caused him to last Tuesday morning from the Catholic church, on E. 110th St. Interment in Calvary cemetery. The program selected as the opening one for the twelfth season of the Cleveland Symphony Orchestra on Jan. 7 at Grays Armory, according to Conductor Beck will have something that will please every class of entertainment seeker, be he professional or layman. The committee on program-arrangement, in making its selection, figured that the audience would undoubtedly be a cosmopolitan, but such an audience would be the logical thing. For those who love the music of the masters, Beethoven, Haydn and Mendelssohn and Wagner, selections will be presented, while those whose tastes are for lighter and airier music, melodies and compositions from the greater musical comedies and comic operas holding the boards in European music centers will be given. It is to be a gala season in every sense. The program-arrangements surpass that of previous seasons and the soloist gaged, some of which have never been performed, concerts, will make the season one that should appeal from a musical view-point even if one does not possess sufficient civic pride to attend these Sunday afternoon entertainments. Reserved seats and season tickets will be on sale at Burrows Bros., Jan. 6. Our Waiters Discharged Our Waiters Discharged. Pittsburgh, Pa., All our waiters at the Rittenhouse cafe, one of the leading restaurants of the city, have recently discharged and their places filled by white men. The Rittenhouse Cafe is the last of the big eating places to dispense with the services of our waiters. All the Money Gone. New York City—More than 5,000 hard working men and women of the race throughout the North and East will now learn authoritatively what they must have realized for some time—that of the more than $50,000 of their life-long savings which they invested in the defunct Metropolitan Mercantile and Realty Co. they will never see a cent again. HE GAZETTE. CLEVELAND. O. SATURDAY, JANUARY 6, 1912. CAPTAIN YOUNG TO LIBERIA. Only Negro Line-Officer in United States Army Assigned to Special Service. THE ORIOLE THEATRE Cheyenne, Wyoming — Captain Charles Young of Ohio, Ninth Cavalry stationed at Fort D. A. Russell, will soon report to Washington for assignment for special service in Liberia. He is a graduate of West Point, and is the author of a book on political history. The transcripts of Captain Young from Wyoming to Liberia remind the country of the existence of a West Point graduate who is the only line officer in the army who is an Afro-American. Captain Young is a competent and well-behaved soldier. He served with the Ninth and Tenth Cavalry and the Twenty-fifth Infantry, and he served briefly time with the Seventh Cavalry a white regiment. He was officially attached to the Ninth Cavalry when war was declared against Spain. Then he became a major of volunteers. After the war came duty with the American legation in the capital of Hayti. He was a member of an officer of the Ninth Cavalry, senior having promoted him to a captainny. He will soon become a major, in a like manner. THE FIRST "POP" CONCERT. For eleven seasons the Cleveland Symphony Orchestra concerts have filled a niche in the musical life of Cleveland. Sunday afternoon the twelfth season begins with a better, brighter and more interesting program that has been the case in previous seasons. The program which follows gives a variety pleasing to the tastes of the masses. The professional will enjoy the same because it presents so many interesting selections and the laity, because the numbers selected are among the masterpieces of musical literature. Sol Marcosson will present the entire Mendelssohn concerto in P minor. The four movements in P minor are the virtuosity of the player. Mr. Marcosson has been giving the concerto much study because he has included it in his repertoire for his tour which will begin this week. Because of this an exceptional interpretation can be looked forward to. With the assistance of the orchestra under Johann Beck the number should prove a delightful part of the concert. The encores will contain a number of the music of Europe. The concert will begin at three o'clock. 'Tickets will be on sale at Burrows Bros.' store every Saturday. The program for Sunday afternoon: Kaiser March ..... R. Wagner Symphony in G ..... Jos. Haydn Adagio Cantabile. Vivace assal. Andante. Violin Concerto in E minor ..... F. Mendelssohn Allegro molto appassionate. Andante. Allegretto ma non troppo. Allegro molto vivace. Mr. Sol Marcosson. Waltz "Les Blondes" ..... Ganne Overture, "Leonora." No. 3. L. L. Beethoven (a) Ballade, Op. 43, No. 2. Christian Sinding Critical Numbers (b) Seenes de la ICASsardas 40 Highway (b) Scenes de la ville Hubay Mr. Sol, Marcogson. Selection, Lohengrin.....R. Wagner The next concert will be given, Sunday ammon, Jan 14, at 3 o'clock Emil Hirsch, the conductor Hughes, baritone, will be the soloist. Shot to Death! New Orleans, La—The story that Ben Johnson, who was shot down recently on the Algiers ferry boat, was insane, are untrue. I was on deck at the time and saw the whole affair. Johnson, a neat man, was sitting on the upper deck of the Algiers ferry boat among the white passengers. Several men went to him and ordered him down on the lower deck, dealing him several clicks. Then he resisted and drew a revolver. Some of the white men, an Italian, rushed at him the second time, then Johnson fired. Several of them fell. After he emptied his gun, the crowd rushed him again before he could reload; he began to use his empty gun as a club, wounding several. In the days of eight men who were fired in his body by the mob on the boat. "White supremacy!" Nearly $5,000 Worth of Hc nearly $5,000 worth of hogs Morristown, Tenn., is sham an Amherst, Afro-American farmer; raised 187 hogs last year which averaged 380 pounds in weight and were the best marketed so far this year at Morristown. Isham real- ized $4,618.90 from his hogs at the wholesale price of 6 1/2 cents a pound. Lynchers in Jail. Recasturville, Tenn.—Confessing that they burned to death Ben Pettigrew and his son and daughter last month, a written statement has been added to the public by George Shelton and John Bailley (white), now in fall here. 39c Peroxide 19c All pills, plasters, patent medicines as low as the lowest. Bring us your prescriptions. We can save you money. We give you just what the doctor orders. Eagle Stamps with all purchases. Corr. Central Av. and E. 28th St. Bell Main 3345. Cuy. Cent. 7597 L Globe Printing Co., PRINTERS AND STATIONERS. 1397 East Ninth Street WHO MAKES YOUR CLOTHES? Rufus S. Justice 4316 Central Avenue, Fine Custom Tailoring, Cleaning, Dye Inc. Repairing and Pressing. All work guaranteed. THE ORIOLE THEATRE High Class Vaudeville and Moving Pictures To rent for Meetings, Private Parties, Balls Banquets, &c. O. L. HAR PIS Manager Travis & Strawder 'Central Transfer Co.' CAREFUL MOVERS OF FURNI TURE and PIANOS Piano Hoisting a Specialty Light and Heavy Expressing. Ordele Promptly Attended to. Prices Reasonable. Office and Residence: 2003 Central Ave., Cleveland, Ohio. Cuy. Cen. 8182R. TELEPHONES: Bell, Eddy 1100L. Cuy., Central 1745R. Fine Lots TREADWELL & GERMANIA AVES. Cash or Easy Terms. CHEAP. Ed. Blythin, 961 Rose Bldg. G. G. REED'S Dry Goods and Gents' Furnishings, A Complete Line. Cuy, Central 6661 L 3222 Central Ave., Cleveland, O. * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * THE "HERALD LUNCH" George A. C. Hicks, Prop'r. Ice Cream, Soda, and Short Orders. Neat, Clean and Quick Service. OPEN ALL NIGHT! 3124 Central Ave., Cleveland, Ohio. MISS L.E. WARREN'S HAIR GROWER Miss Warren is one of the FIRST and BEST in her business in Cleveland, and Positively Can Grow Hair With Each Treatment. She gives a sample box of Hair Grower. 3927 Central Ave. CLEVELAND, OHIO. Dunn & Moran TONSORIAL PARLORS "Four Barbers" 3014 Central Ave. Phone Bell, North 1075-X Cuy. Cent. THOS. P. Mc PHILLIPS Plumbing and Sewer Building All Work iven Prompt Attention 2079 E. 30th St. Cleveland, O. FORT'S HAIR POMADE MAKES HARSH, KINNY OR CURLY HAIR GLOSSY, SOFTER AND MORE PLABLE, EASY TO DRY AND PUT IN ANY STYLE IN THE MEDIUM OR LARGE FOR PREVENTING HAIR FROM FALLING OUT, DROBBE AND FIRED OF SCALE BENEAR OF IMITATIONS. GET THE GUINEE, PUT UP IN 25 AND 50-BOTTLES WITH CHARLES FORD'S NAME ON EVERY PACKAGE TRY FORD'S ROYAL WHITE SKIN LOTION FOR THE COMPLEXION, EASY TO DRY AND PUT IN ANY STYLE UPON APPLICATION. WILL NOT IRRITATE THE MOST DELICATE SKIN. UNEXCEILLED FOR ECZEMA, SALT RHEUM, PIMPLES, ROUGH SKIN AND FRECKLES. SOLD BY DRUGGE. WILL SEND IT TO YOU DIRECT AT THE FOLLOWING Prices. SMALL SIZE BOTTLE 25X LARGE SIZE BOTTLE 50X. THE OZONIZED OR MARROW CO. 232 LAKE SHORE. SMALL SIZE BOTTLE 25X. CHICAGO, IL. AGENTS WANTED --- O. L. HARRIS, Manager. The Best Place on Central Ave., to get a Good Lunch and Quick Service J. W. CRAWFORD, PRO'R., 3133 CENTRAL AVE. Open Evenings for the Accommodation of the Theater Trade. LITTLE GEM LUNCH ROOM A FINE QUICK LUNCH FOR LADIES AND GENTLEMEN at — 2432 Central Ave. HOME COOKING. FIRST-CLASS SERVICE. Charles R. Ellis. Proprietor. "The Smart Set" Dry Cleaning and Pressing Parlor. WM. CHILDS, MANAGER. 2435 Central Ave. M. GOLDMAN. DEALER IN Dry Goods, Hosiery, Notions, Etc., Ladies and Gents Furnishings, Cur- tains, Oil Cloth &c. 3003 Central Ave., Cor. E. 30tn St. Phone: Gen. 2189 W. CLEVELAND . . . OHIO Bell, Doan 1398-J, Residence East 791-L, Office Dr. Walter S. Biggs, Dentist. (A member of the race.) 4715 Central Ave., Cleveland, O. Hours: 8 to 12 a. m., 1 to 5 p. m. Sundays and Evenings by Appointment Mission Restaurant 2404 CENTRAL AVE. Under the Management of J. D. HACKLEY, First-class Food, First-class Service, and Prices within the reach of all. Our Special Sunday Dinner Cannot Be Beaten. Theatre Parties a a Specialt. BUSINESS EXCHANGE THE CENTRAL BUSINESS EX- CHANGE AND COLLECTING AGENCY, 2402 Central Ave. (Old Woodliff Hall Block.) S. E. WOODS, Mgr, Business and Private Information Given. Call and see us. We can help you. Legal and Business advertisements solicited for The Gazette. S. E. WOODS, Mgr. JOHN T. TUCK & CO. Dealers in Wall Paper and Paints. Decorators, Paper Hang- ers and House Painters. 3325 Central Av. 'Phone, North 1153 and Cent. 6661-R. LAGO, LLL Confectionaries, Cigars, Tobacco and School Supplies. The Magic will ad burn or injure the hair, because the comb is never heated. The steel heating bar which irons the hair, is alone, put into the flame of the alcohol or gas heater. The Aluminum bar is also attached from the heating bar, then, after the bar is heated the comb goes back into place and is held by a turn of the handle. The Magic Heater is also suitable for curling irons, has a cover and can be carried in a handbag. Fill with alcohol and light heater. Magic Shampoo Drier $1.00. Magic Alcohol Heater $5.00. Liberal terms to agents. Write for Literature today. Magic Shampoo Drier Co. Minneapolis, Minnesota. THE WOMEN'S HOLIDAYS When we first began our wonderful work of growing all kinds, all qualities, all lengths, and all conditions of hair, even to the growing of hair on bald places of the head, many persons scorned the idea that such a thing was possible; but we have grown the hair for hundreds, rapidly achieving success. The proof of this value of our work is that we be cultivated and largely by personal whose own hair we have actually grown and the further fact that they have very frequently mentioned us when trying to sell their goods (saying that "theirs is the same" or "just as good") or referred to "PORO." We advise you to use only "PORO" Hair Grower. (the oldest and best of its kind.) See that the name "PORO" is on every box, not genuine without it. Prepared only by MRS. A. M. POPE. Beware of Imitations MRS. A. M. POPE-TURNBO 3100 PINE STREET ST. LOUIS, MO. Pure Beer Bottled at the Brewery Order a Case of Gold Bond Bottled Beer THE CLEVELAND & SANDUSKY BREWING COMPANY Delivered at the Home. Both Phones. The Best in the World! This Comb, properly heated, and the use of latex hair Hair Pomade, will bring the most crispy hair straight and silky at every stroke and cause a rapid growth of the hair. Don't it off it but off it today and get the comb by return mail. PRICE OF OOMB $1. Large, Heavy Strong and Durable. Made of copper and brass associated toper and earl of comb. Made of piece. It is highly polished and fairly nickle plated. It is both with goes through the large wood handles and screws into metal end and on coming off. Reember it is all in one piece. Nothing to get in order, will last a lifetime. Price of Hair Straightener and Alcohol Heater complete $1.50. Here is the top. TAYLOR'S SPECIAL ALCOHOL HEATER is the handiest and most convenient method of heating the Comb, and can be closed up so that you can put it in your handbag. Price 30c. For best results use LaCrete Hair Pomade. It not only meets every requirements of the Comb Straightener, but promotes a luxurious at growth of the hair. Price 25c. SEND FOR MY FREE CATALOGUE! Illustrating the Largest and Most Complete Line of Hair Good in this country for colored people, such as Bangs, Wigs, Puffs, Switches, Pompadours, Sair Pine, Combe, Brushee, etc. M. R. S. Bell North 1005 L. Cuy. Cen. 8182 W. LEONARD G. SCHWARTZ. CHURCHES, SOCIETIES, CLUBS, ETC. Private Parlors for Ladies and Escorts. first beg our wonderful work of growing lengths, and all conditions of hair, even to places of the head, many persons scorned the possible, but we have grown the hair for hu- cess, the proof of the value of our work is and largely by persons whose own hair we we further fact that they have very frequen- tely to sell their goods (saying that "theirs is the referred to "PORO." We advise you to use (the oldest and best of its kind). See that the box, not genuine with out it. Prepared only ware of Imitation Call, or Address Mail to M. POPE-TURNBO 3100 PINE ST. LOUIS BELL PHONE BOMONT 3109 4 years ago my hair just covered my shoulders. We Grew Our Hair New Let Us Grow Yours With 'PORO' TRADE MARK Registered growing all kinds, all even to the growing of learned the idea that such work for hundreds, rapid work is that we are be hair we have actually frequently mentioned us is the same or" just to use only "PORO" that the name "PORO" used only by MRS. A. M. ATIONS to PINE STREET ST. LOUIS, MO. CRAGOW AND THE POLISH JEW EXTRACT FROM BOOKER T. WASHINGTON'S FORTHCOMING BOOK, "THE MAN FARTHEST DOWN." Ever since I can remember I have had a special interest in the history and progress of the Jewish race. The first book that I knew, the Bible, was a history of the Jews, and to my childish mind the most fascinating portion of that book was the story of the manner in which Moses led the children of Israel out of the house of bondage through the wilderness, into the promised land. I first heard that story from the lips of my mother, when both she and I were slaves on a plantation in Virginia. I have heard it repeated and referred to many times since. In fact, I am certain that hardly a day or a week goes by that I do not meet, among my people, some reference to this same Bible story. The negro slaves were always looking forward to a time when a Moses should arise from somewhere, who would lead them, as he led the ancient Hebrews, out of the house of bondage. And after freedom, the masses of negro people have still continued to look to some great leader, some man inspired of God, who would lead them out of their difficulties into the promised land, which somehow, they never seem able to reach. I learned in slavery to compare the condition of the negro with that of the Jews in bondage in Egypt, so I have frequently, since freedom, been compelled to compare the prejudice, even persecution which the Jewish people have had to face and overcome in different parts of the world, with the disadvantages of the negro in the United States and elsewhere. I had seen considerable of the lower classes of the Jews in New York city before going to Europe, and when I visited Whitechapel, London, I had an opportunity to learn something of the condition of the Polish and Russian Jews who are driven from their native land to find refuge in England. It was lot until I reached Cracow, in Austrian Poland, or Galicia, however, that I really began to understand what life in the Ghetto, of which I had heard so much, was really like. It was not until then, that I began to comprehend what the wear and tear of centuries of persecution, poverty and suffering had meant in the life of the Jews. One of the first things I observed in regard to the Jews abroad was the very different forms which racial prejudice takes in the different countries which I visited. For example, in East London, which has long been the refuge for the poor and oppressed of other countries, the Jew is tolerated, although he is not liked. It is not clear just what is the source of the English prejudice. Complaint is sometimes made that the Jewish immigrant has driven out the native Briton, from certain parts of East London, but it is admitted at the same time that in such cases it is because the Jew has proven a better tenant. He does not drink, he is law abiding and he pays rent regularly. It seems to be true in London, also, as it is in New York, that as soon as the Jewish immigrant has made a little success he does not remain in the same quarters of "the city. He moves out and his place is taken by some new half starved fugitive from Russia or Roumania, so that there is a constant stream of "greens," as they are called, coming in, and another, perhaps, somewhat smaller stream of those who have been successful moving out. In spike of this fact, it is generally admitted that general conditions have improved under the influence of the Jews. English prejudice, where it exists, seems to be due, therefore, party to economic causes, and partly to the general disrust of the alien that seems to be gaining in England with the influx of immigration from southern Europe. In Denmark, on the contrary, where the Jews seem to be very largely represented among the educated and well-to-do classes, I discovered a great deal of prejudice against the Germans but almost none against the Jews. In fact, one of the most distinguished men in Denmark, outside of the king, a man who has been a leader in the intellectual life of that country during the past 20 years, Prof. George Brandes, is a Jew. In Germany I learned that, while the Jews are prominent not only in business, but in the professions, it is still difficult for them 'o rise in the army or to advance to the position of a professor in the universities, unless they have first been baptized. In speaking about the matter to a German whom I met at one of the hotels in Vienna, I called to mind the name of a distinguished professor whose name I had heard, as an instance of a Jew gaining a high position in a German university. "Oh, well," he replied, "he has been baptized." That recalls to my mind a conundrum which an acquaintance propounded while we were discussing some of the peculiarities of race prejudice in Europe. "When is a Jew not a Jew?" be asked. "The answer, is, of course. "When he is a Christian." In other words, prejudice in Germany seems to be directed only against the Jew who clings to his religion. When I reached Prague in Bohemia, I learned that among the masses of the people there is little distinction made between Jews and Germans, since both speak the same language, and the Czechs, confusing one with the other, hate both with a double hatred, first for what they are and then for what they seem to be. FEEDING PIG-EATERS. Sows eating their pigs is a frequent source of trouble in many herds. The most frequent cause of this complaint is the craving for some particular element of food that is deficient in rations. It is a habit that may be acquired under a wide variety of circumstances. Like the baby horse, the self-sucking cow or the egg-eating hen, the cure lies in the management fully as much as in the food and medicine. The balanced ration is of great In Vienna and Buda-Pest the Jews, through the newspapers which they control, seem to exercise a powerful influence on politics. I remember hearing repeated references while I was there to the "Jewish press." In Prague it is said that every German paper but one is controlled by Jews. Jews are represented, however, not only in the press in Austria-Hungary, but in the army and in all the other professions. They are not only financiers and business men, but doctors, lawyers, artists and actors as elsewhere in Europe where they have gained their freedom. Nevertheless it is still against the law for Jews and Christians to intermarry in Austria-Hungary. Some notion of the conditions under which the Jews lived, in almost every part of Europe a hundred years ago, may be gathered from the restrictions which are imposed upon them today in Russia and Roumania. In Roumania a Jew can neither vote nor hold office in the civil service. He is excluded from the professions. He is not permitted, for example, to become a physician or even open a pharmacy. He is not permitted to live in the rural districts. He can neither own land outside of the town nor work as an agricultural laborer. In the mills and factories not more than twenty-five per cent of the employees may be Jews. Although they are practically restricted to business enterprises, Jews may not become members of chambers of commerce. Jews are bound to serve in the army; they pay heavier taxes, proportionately, than other portions of the community, but they are classed under the laws as "allens not subject to alien protection." In Russia, Jews are not allowed to live outside of what is called the "pale of settlement," which includes twelve provinces on the western and southwestern borders which Russia has annexed during the past 200 years. Only merchants who pay a special license of 1,000 rubles, or about $500, university graduates and a few others may live outside the pale. A Jew is not even permitted to live in Siberia unless he has been sent there as a punishment for crime. Inside the pale, Jews are not allowed to live outside the cities and incorporated towns. Although Jews are allowed to vote in Russia and send representatives to the Duma, they are not permitted to hold office or be employed in the public service. They are compelled to pay in addition to the ordinary taxes, which are heavy enough, taxes on the rents they receive from property owned by them, on inheritance, on the meat killed according to the Jewish law, on candles used in some of their religious observances, and on the skull caps they wear during religious services. In spite of this they are excluded from hospitals, schools and public functions which, in the pale, are mainly paid for out of the extra taxes imposed upon them. The most singular thing about it all is that the disabilities under which the Russian Jew now labors are at once removed by baptism. Not only that, but every Jew who allows himself to be sprinkled with holy water, in sign of the renunciation of his religion and his people, receives thirty rubles, "thirty pieces of silver," as a reward. Nothing was more forbly impressed upon me during my study of conditions in Europe than this, namely, that we can tell very little from the mere fact that this or that political institution exists in a country, just what privileges or disadvantages these institutions bring to the masses of the people. In fact, it seems to be just as true in Europe as it is in America, that mere legislative enactments can of themselves, no more produce industry and thrift than they can produce justice and freedom. During my stay in Prague, I took a walk one day through an ancient quarter of the city which had been formerly inhabited by Jews. The Ghetto of Prague is said to have been the largest and most famous in Europe. It was, 'n fact, a city in itself', for it contained not merely the oldest synagogue in Europe, with a famous old Jewish burial ground attached to it, but also a Rathhouse or a city hall and a market in which, according to tradition, Jewish traders at one time sold Christian slaves. So thoroughly were the Jews at one time established in this quarter of the city that it was under the name of Judenstadt or Jewtown. There they maintained, in a small way, a separate civil government of their own, just as they do, to a lesser extent, in Russia today. After Prague, the city which has the oldest and most interesting Ghetto in Europe is Cracow, and the most interesting thing about it is the fact that it is still inhabited by Jews. They live there today very much. I suppose, as they did a hundred years ago, a race separate and apart, more remove, apparently, from the manners, the customs and comprehension of the rest of the world than any people this side of China. I have known Jews nearly all my life. I have done business with them and have more than once talked to them in their synagogues and have always found sympathy and support among them for the work I have had to do for my own people. I have frequently visited and studied, to some extent, the poor classes in the Jewish quarters on the East Side in New York. In spite of this, however, when certain strange figures in long black coats, soft felt hats, with pale faces, lighted by dark glittering eyes and framed by glossy curls which hung down on either side in front of their ears, were pointed out to me in Vienna, I had not the slightest notion importance, but not the whole thing. Sows that have had the run of an alfalfa field, been fed grain and had unlimited exercise have been known to eat all their pigs after they were a day old. To prevent sows eating their pigs at farrowing time, bran, roots, green feed and plenty of water should be given them. They serve to keep the bowels active and the system clean. Good, dry and comfortable nests often give relief from this habit. Allowing sows to run together at farrowing time is one of the most fre to what nationality or people they belonged. Later on when I reached Cracow, these same slender figures and pale, delicate faces, became very familiar to me and I learned to recognize in them the higher type of Polish Jew. WHERE CASTE IS IRONCLAD TROUBLE The neg. things as a I have been through the Jewish quarter in New York, with its confusion of push carts; its swarms of black-eyed children, and its strange old men, with gray-brown beards, wandering, care-worn and absorbed, through the crowded streets, each anxiously intent on some thought or purpose of his own. The Jewish quarter on the East Side in New York is, however, a pale reflection of the Ghetto in Cracow. For one thing, the Jew in New York, though he retains many of the habits and customs of the country from which he came, seems in most cases to be making an earnest effort to make an American of himself; to learn the language, and adopt the dress and, as far as possible, the manners of the new country of which he is soon to become, if he is not already, a citizen. The masses of the Polish Jew, however, still cling tenaciously to the customs of their religion and of the ghetto in which for a thousand years or more they have lived as exiles and, more or less, like prisoners. Instead of seeking to make themselves look like the rest of the people, among whom they live, they seem to be making every effort to preserve and emphasize the characters in which they are different from the people about them. Although I met in Cracow Jews in all the various stages of transition—as far as their dress is concerned—from the traditional ghetto Jew to the modern literary, professional or business man, nevertheless the majority of the Jews still cling to the long black coat which they were compelled to wear in the middle ages. Certain ones have discarded this symbol of exclusiveness, but still wear the long beard, and the side curls in front of their ears, which seem to be especially dear to them, perhaps because, for some reason I could not understand, they are forbidden to wear them in Russia. Perhaps it was the effect of the costume which gave them a strange and alien appearance, but it seemed to me at first as if every Jew in Cracow had exactly the same features, the same manner of walking and the same expression of countenance. As I watched the different figures in the crowded streets more closely, however, I discovered that beneath the peculiar dress and manner many different types of human beings were concealed. There were the pale-browed students, who moved through the crowd with a hurried and abstracted alr. There were slender and elegant aristocrats, who, while still wearing the uniform of their race, dressed with a scrupulous correctness and looked at you with an expression which seemed a curious mingling of the humility of the Jew and the scorn of the Parisease. I was interested in all that I saw of the life of the Jew in Cracow because it gave me an idea of the poverty, degradation and squalor in which more than half of the Jewish race is living today, in different parts of Europe. Of the twelve million Jews in the world about nine million live in Europe. Of this number more than one million live in Russia and about a million and a half in Austria, Roumania and the other parts of southern Europe. I have given some idea of the poverty of the Jews in Galicia, where they are politically free. From all that I can learn the Jews in Russia and Roumania are very much worse off than they are in the Austrian province of Galicia. Most of us, who are acquainted with the Jews only in America or in western Europe, have been made to believe, in spite of the evident poverty of many of the Jews who live on the East side in New York and in the Whitechapel district of London, that as a race the Jews are extremely wealthy. I was surprised, therefore, to read recently the statement, made by Jews who have investigated the condition of their own people, to the effect that, while during the past hundred years they have been granted their freedom, taking the Jews as a whole, they are poorer than any other civilized nation in the world. In short, one writer has said, "If we were to capitalize their wealth and distribute it among the twelve millions of Jews, they would dispute with any poor nation for the lowest place in the scale of wealth." The direction in which the Jews seem to be superior to all the rest of the world is apparently not in wealth but in education. Even in Russia, where they do not have the same educational advantages that are given to the rest of the population, it is found that, while 79 per cent. of the total population can neither read nor write, the percentage of illiteracy among the Jews is 61 per cent, which is 18 per cent, less than that of the rest of the population. There are many points of similarity in the conditions of the Jew and the negro in the prejudice that is manifested toward each one of them. For these reasons, therefore, the negro should be especially interested in the story of the Jew. The history of his struggles and persecutions and how he has risen in spite of them should be carefully studied by my people. If there were no other reason why the story of the Jews should be studied, it would be interesting and inspiring as showing what education can do and has done for a people who, in the face of prejudice and persecution, have patiently struggled up to a position of power and pre-eminence in the life and civilization, in which all races are now beginning to share. sequent sources of this trouble. Sows should never be kept at the mercy of other hogs during the farrowing period. "I certainly have a considerate bess." "How now?" "Gave me a two weeks' vacation, and three days extra to rest up."—Pittsburg Post. Concelted young idiots always come to the hour when they learn better. WHERE CASTE IS IRONCLAD Its Rule Among the Hindus Absolute and Unchangeable. POWER OF THE BRAHMAN ALL THE WEALTH OF THE WORLD WOULD NOT ENABLE A LOWER CASTE HINDU TO WED INTO HIS FAMILY OR TOUCH HIS HAND—TYRANNICAL SOCIAL DIVISIONS. Caste distinction in India is a thing difficult for a foreigner to comprehend. All the racial or religious distinctions which separate European nations from each other and divide them within themselves do not equal the number of classes into which the Hindus are divided by what is known as "caste." The 200,000,000 Hindus are made up of diverse racial elements and speak about nineteen developed languages and over 100 dialects. They are again divided into over 3,000 castes, most of them with subcastes. One of these castes, the Brahmans, is split up into more than 800 subcastes, of which none will intermarry and tew will eat together. The term "caste" includes so many things that it is difficult to define it. There are, however, two properties essential to a true caste—first, there is no entry except by birth; second, marriage outside the caste is absolutely forbidden. To preserve the purity and maintain the exclusiveness of the society many minute rules of conduct, many restrictions on food and many ceremonial observances are imposed on the members and enforced by penalties which cannot be evaded against which there is no appeal and which in extreme cases follow the offender beyond the grave. But that is not all. The relations of castes to each other are as much a matter of religious observance as the rules for their internal regulation. The Brahmans are the highest admittedly and undoubtedly superior to all the rest. After them come those who are acknowledged to be twice born. The less honored follow in a graduated descent until the untouchable and unspeakable are reached at the lowest depth. It may be urged that the separation between the brahman and, let us say, the Kurmi market gardener is no wider than that between the peer of the United Kingdom and the coiner矿材 There is this essential difference—that it is impossible for an Indian to change his caste. The coiner矿材 may be elected to parliament, may become a cabinet minister and if he can make money enough may marry his son to a duke's daughter. The Kurmi must remain a Kurmi All the wealth of Croesus will not enable him to make an alliance with a Brahman family or to touch a Brahman's hand. The members of a caste may and in some cases do raise themselves in the sight of other castes by adopting more elaborate ceremonies and more scrupulous observances. A half civilized Gond, for example, may find himself brought into contact with Hindus as the plow encroaches on the forest. He tries to raise his position and add to his self respect by adopting the exclusiveness of his Hindu neighbors. He will even outdo them if he can, and if the Hindu is scruppulous about his food the convert will wash the very wood with which his dinner is cooked. No endeavors of this kind, however, will avail to lessen by a hair's breadth the distance between him and the caste Hindu or even to induce the Hindu barter to look upon him as client whose chin he may shave as whose toe nails he may pare with the degradation. Another point connected with or which has a very practical beard and must be taken into account is the power of coercion which it gives to the brotherhood. If a man is excommunicated by his caste fellows nobody in the caste will marry him or will accept water from his hands or will eat with him. If he is married his wife will not touch him or speak to him. He is dead to his family. The priest will not perform ceremonies for him. The village barber will not shave him, and the wasnerwoman will not wash his clothes. These are the methods of bringing pressure on the man. The strictest boycott which Irishmen have invented is mild compared to the final sentence of a caste punchayat. A system like this is a stern fact which has to be faced. There is not a police case or a civil case or a trial at the sessions, there is hardly an appointment to an office in India or whatever degree, in which the matter of caste has not to be considered. It forces itself into every assessment of land revenue, into every adjudication of rent. The influence and power of the Brahman and the idea that he is above the law and is not to be punished as other people are still alive, although a century of British justice has done something toward eradicating them. On the other hand, the suggestion that a man of a lower caste might rise to an equality or nearer to an equality with members of a caste above him is unthinkable. Where the low caste men are, there they must remain. If they behave themselves it will be made up to them in a future existence—London Spectator. Standpatter—Don't you think Rantington's speeches are sound? Insurgent—Yes; but that's all—The Smart Set. "That humorist did not act at all funny when he cut himself." "No; perhaps he severed the jocular vein."—Houston Post. She—I consider, John, that sheep are the stupidest creatures living. Charlie (absent-mindedly)—Yes, my lamb!—Sketch. TROUBLES OF HOUSEWIVES The negro is so sensitive in some things as to be childish in it. He is so proud in some things as to be foolish in it. He is so valu in some things as to be ridiculous in it. And, when he is reminded of the fact he becomes as indignant as a lord, regarding the reminder as a personal affront. In many things he asserts the right to act as a child, and resents the insinuation that he does not act as a man. This sensitive condition is found more generally in the negro women than men. Negro housewives who can afford to have help, or are forced at times to have it, for one domestic purpose and another, come upon it as often as they seek it. Nowhere that we have been, in any section of the country, do negro women desire to work for negro housewives. In most cases they consider it as an insult to do so, and do not hesitate to show that they so consider it. It is unfortunate for them, who need the help. Like Job's Dinah of old, they prefer to go out and visit the daughters of the land than to accept work at home among their own. Now, a very painful phase of the situation has developed along with this pronounced and very troublesome indisposition of negro women to work for negro housewives; if such a housewife, in despair of securing the service of one of her own, employs a white servant, the news of it flies on the wings of the wind, and the offending housewife is held up to scorn and everything else ugly, as being "stuck up," as being "better than her own people," as "taking the bread out of the mouths of our children to put it in the mouths of strangers." One such case in a block, in a small town, will make it so disagreeable for the housewife that she will find it more satisfactory to discharge the white help and do the work herself. It is to be hoped that there will be progressive improvement away from this condition. Our women should have no more objection to working for one of their own than for the stranger. All work is honorable, when it is; and, when necessity compels one it should not be a question of the color of the employer, but the character of the work and the money paid for the doing of it. In seeking employment we should look at the matter in that way.—New York Age. NOTES ON RACIAL PROGRESS AS REPORTED BY THE NATIONAL NEGRO BUSINESS LEAGUE. Raleigh, the capital of the state of North Carolina, has recently completed the erection of a very beautiful auditorium and municipal building combined, costing over $150,000. One night during the week of the state fair, held under the auspices of the white association, October 16-21, this magnificent structure was dedicated by the white citizens. Governor Harmon of Ohio was present, having been invited by the committee of arrangements, and was the principal speaker and chief attraction on this occasion. The following week, October 23 to 28, the colored fair was held under the control of the North Carolina Industrial association, which is in its thirty-third year. There were in attendance during this week from different parts of the state and from Virginia nearly 25,000 persons. The white committee of arrangements, having in their charge the preparations of an appropriate program of ceremonies dedicating this grand municipal building, included one night for negro citizens. The best class of the race keenly appreciated this opportunity and proved themselves equal to the emergency by giving on the evening of the 26th ult., the finest exhibition of negro musical talent ever presented in the state by vocalists and instrumentalists of the first quality. There were about 3,000 persons present, notwithstanding an admission fee of 25 cents was charged. At least 500 of the audience were of the most prominent white citizens, who very highly enjoyed the plantation melodies which were rendered with fine effect. It was under the auspices of the Negro Business League that this great concert was pulled off. Col. James H. Young being master of ceremonies. The Raleigh Daily Times (white) in a leading editorial the following day, speaking of its colored citizens "Catching the spirit," says: "The spirit of activity that is being manifested in Raleigh has been taken up by the better negro element of this city with enthusiasm. It is gratifying to know that Raleigh has the support and co-operation of its entire population, both white and black." (ZAAK WALTON IN RESTAURANT. The customer had waited 15 minutes for the fish he had ordered. He was very quiet as he sat there, but internally there was a seething. At the end of the sixteenth minute the waiter, who had been in total eclipse for 15½ minutes, busted up. "That fish will be here, sir, in five minutes." Five minutes elapsed three times. Then the waiter bustled up again. "The fish will be here, sir, in a minute." The customer turned to him. "Tell me," he said quietly, but with a certain emphasis, "what bait are you using?" "Mamma, is that lady the snake charmer? Why, she's as homely as a mud fence!" "Yes, dear; but snakes are not like men. It takes something more than mere personal beauty to charm a snake."—Chicago Tribune. "You know James, who was reputed so rich? Well, he died the other day and the only thing he left was an old Dutch clock." "Well, there's one good thing about it. It won't be much trouble to wind up his estate."—Sacred Heart Review. "NOT AN INFERIOR RAGE" ARE COLORED AMERICANS SO SAYS THE GREAT ANTHROPOLOGIST AND SCIENTIST PROF. BOAS—ENDLESS NUMBER OF THEM IF GIVEN EQUAL CHANCE. (Boston Globe.) A contribution to the discussion of the negro problem in the United States, of quite extraordinary interest, is made by Prof. Franz Boas, the eminent American anthropologist, in "The Mind of Primitive Man." Not so much on humanitarian as on ethical and scientific grounds he defends the negro race, whose present social economic status is sufficiently explained by the forcible removal from African soil, the consequent complete loss of the old standards of life, the demoralization of slavery and the following period of disorganization and severe economic struggle against heavy odds. Professor Boas holds that there is no proof of the theory of the negro's hereditary inferiority. Give the colored man, says the anthropologist in effect, opportunity and he will fulfill the duties of citizenship as well as his white neighbor. Although he may not produce as many great men as his white race, and although the level of his average achievement may not quite reach that of the whites, there will be "endless numbers who will outrun their white competitors and who will do better than the defectives whom we permit to drag down and to retard the healthy children of our public schools." Whether the persistence of the pure negro type is practically impossible, as 'Prof. Boas believes, or whether the efforts in many southern states to prevent all racial intermixture will result in making the black race blacker and the white race white, matters little. The main thing is, that even handed justice should be done to both races. WHAT TO EAT. A year old chicken makes a most acceptable roast for the Sunday dinner. The smaller "broilers" are not so good for the oven, for the reason that they roast away into nothingness, the meat seeming to shrivel and dry in the steady heat. A practical and pleasurable chicken dinner for Sunday is suggested. Cream of Corn Soup.—If corn on the cob is used, place the cobs from which the corn has been removed in three pins of boiling water and cook slowly for half an hour. Remove tiem, add a pint of grated corn and boil until soft. When canned corn is used turn the contents of the can into the water and boil until very tender. Press through a sleeve, season to taste and let simmer while you make a smooth paste of three tablespoonfuls of flour, butter and two even ones of flour. Add to the soup and stir rapidly until it thickens. Turn in one pint of boiling milk, then add the beaten yolks of two eggs, serve at once. Roast Chicken With Giblet Sauce. After cleaning the chicken thoroughly, stuff it with a mixture of one large cupful of stale bread crumbs, one tablespoonful of chopped parsley, a tablespoonful of melted butter and seasoning to taste. Close the opening by sewing with coarse thread, so that the chicken retains its natural juices. Do not pack the dressing, or it will be heavy and soggy. Place two generous slices of bacon in the bottom of the roasting pan, lay the chicken on them, cover the bottom of the pan with water, and add salt and bake in a quick oven for 15 minutes to close the pores. Allow 15 minutes to every pound of chicken and baste every ten minutes, first with water and then with the drippings. Baste the breast of the chicken with butter 15 minutes before it is done, dredge with flour and remove the threads and serve. To make giblet sauce put the giblets in a pan with cold water, place over a moderate fire and simmer while the chicken roasts. Chop them fine, add a teaspoonful of flour to the drippings in the roast pan and stir over the fire until brown. Add a half pint of the stock in which the giblets were boiled, stir until the sauce boils, add the chopped giblets and season to taste. Serve in grave boat. Seasonable Side Dishes.—Either mashed potatoes whipped to a stiff froth and well buttered or browned sweet potatoes should accompany the roast. A celery salad, tender celery cut into dice and served on a lettuce leaf with French or mayonnaise dressing is excellent with the dinner. Many prefer celery crisp and plain, each stalk cut into quarters, lengthwise, so that each diner may receive a part of the tender heart. Cranberry sauce is a welcome addition to the meat course at this season of the year. A fruit salad is good as a final dainty, seasonable fruits in their own juice, or a fruit gelatine with nuts and a garnishing of whipped cream. "I hope you will believe me when I tell you that you are the only girl I ever loved." "No. That I refuse to believe." "No. I that I refuse to believe. "Then you will believe me when I tell you that you are the prettiest girl I ever loved?" "Yes. Yes, I am sure you are in earnest now."—Detroit Free Press. She—I will have no smoking in this house. Do you understand? He—Yes; please extend this prohibition to the stoves.—Baltimore American. "A fool and his money are soon parted." "Yes; but you never call him a fool till the money is gone."—Toledo Blade. Extravagances of youth are merely exaggerated fancies, those of maturity, simple lunacy. MISSES' EMPIRE DRESS. 5648 In this empire model we have a plain little dress which is suitable for school wear, as well as for other general occasions. The bodice, which closes at one side, has no trimming except the roll collar at the neck. The skirt is made with four gorees and fastens at one side on a line with the waist closing. Soft materials such as chiffon broadcloth, fine twill serge, messaline and novelty fabrics are suitable for this style. The pattern (5648) is cut in sizes 14, 16 and 18 years. Medium size requires 4 yards of 44 inch material. To procure this pattern send 10 cents to the Department of this genre. Write name and address plainly, and be sure to give size and number of pattern. NO. 5648. SIZE. NAME. TOWN. STREET AND NO. STATE. BOY DOLL'S SET. 5626 When dressing a boy doll the real manlike garments can be made if this design is followed. There are small knickerbocker trousers and a hand-some double breasted box coat. Remnants of material will generally be found which can be used or these clothes, or a short length can be purchased expressly. The pattern (5626) is cut in sizes for dolls of 14 to 24 inches in length, measured from crown to sole. Medium size requires 1 yard of 36 inch material. To procure this pattern send 10 cents to "Pattern Department," of this paper. Write name and address plainly, and be sure to give size and number of pattern. NO. 5626. SIZE. NAME. TOWN. STREET AND NO. STATE. Beginning of the Year The Athemians began the year in June, the Macedonians in September, the Romans first in March and afterward in January, the Persians on August 11, the ancient Mexicans on February 23, the Mohammedans in July. The Chinese year, which begins early in February, is similar to the Mohammedan in having twelve months of twenty-nine and thirty days alternately; but in every nineteen years there are seven years which have thirteen months. What is now called old style, the Julian calendar established by Julius Caesar, prevailed until the sixteenth century, when the Gregorian calendar, now in general use, was established by Pope Gregory XIII in 1852. This calendar was adopted by Great Britain and the colonies in 1782. The difference between old style and new style is thirteen days, December 7, old style, being December 20, new style. Russia still adheres to old style and Christmas there comes on our December 12. Mistake Somehow "Well, wall." exclaimed Nuggett, over his paper. "that's a queer heading for this article. It says 'Woman's Talk.'" "What's so queer about that?" demanded his wife. "Why, there's only about half a column of it."-Kits Bits.