The Monitor

Property Rights Threatened DELEGATION PRESENTS HON. J. W. DAVIS WITH A TOKEN OF APPRECIATION OF HIS SERVICES TO RACE LIFTING LIFT TOO $2.00 a Year. 5c a Copy DELEGATION P PREDICTS ELECTION OF CALVIN COOLIDGE Mayor John R. Lynch, Former Con- gressman, and Close Observer Figures 274 Electoral Votes for Nominee. Chicago, Ill., Sept. 25.—Maj. John R. Lynch, former member of the republican national committee and temporary chairman of the 1884 republican national convention, spent some time in conference with Roscoe Conkling Simmons at republican headquarters. Maj. Lynch's political prognostications are always given wide attention and respect. His bet this year is that Coolidge will win, thus defeating any possibility that the election will be thrown into the House of Representatives. The former congressman figures that in the election Coolidge will have 274 votes, Davis 213 and LaFollette 42. The size of the Davis vote is explained in the concession of Indiana, Tennessee and Kentucky to the democrats. Reports to the national committee are that these states will go republican. Oklahoma and West Virginia are also in better shape from the republican point of view than ever before, although Maj. Lynch gives the benefit of the doubt to the democrats. "The character of Coolidge," said Maj. Lynch, "Is the main hold of the republican party and his manager, William M. Butler, belongs in the class of our great chairmen. Both Coolidge and Butler are determined to put the spirit of New England behind the efforts of the Negro to win his fight against political slavery. ROLAND HAYES CONTRIBUTES $100 TO N. A. C. A. P. Roland Hayes, foremost singer of this country, who has just returned from his fourth triumphal European tour, has contributed $100 through the District of Columbia Branch towards the work of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People. Mr. Hayes begins in October his American tour on which he will give seventy-two recitals carrying him from coast to coast and which will include his appearance as soloist with six of the greatest orchestras of America—The Boston, New York, Philadelphia, Cleveland, Cincinnati and St. Louis symphony orchestras. K. K. K. WANTED HIS MAID Toppea, Kans., Sept. 26.—Thomas A. McNeil, white, editor of United States Senator Capper's farm publications, recently defied a delegation of alleged Klansmen who demanded that he discharge a maid employed in his home. HELD FOR LYNCHING Columbus, Ga., Sept. 26—W. B. Willis, B. E. Newman and Tom Crews, white, are being held by the police on charge of murder for the death of Will Green, whose body was found behind Green's home, 416 Tenth avenue. The odor of the partly decomposed body led workmen to the gruesome discovery. The wife and friends of the dead man had been threatened with a similar fate if they told of the fuss over bootleg liquor and of Green's death. DEATH OF EMERY R. SMITH Emery R. Smith, aged 52, a well-known resident of Omaha for thirty years, died at his home, 2117 Seward street, Tuesday afternoon, after a week's illness with pneumonia. Not realizing how seriously ill he was a physician was not called until the disease had gotten a strong hold on him. For a number of years Mr. Smith was on the police force and lately had been in the employ of the city as an inspector in the department of public works. He was a member of Excelsior Lodge A. F. & A. M., and of Keystone Lodge K. of P., and also a communicant of St. Philip's Episcopal church. The funeral services will be held Friday afternoon under the auspices of the Masonic Lodge, the burial office of the church being read by the Rev. John Albert Williams before the Masonic ceremonial. Interment will be in Forest Lawn. Deceased is survived by his father, Harvey Smith, and one brother, Charles, both residents of Omaha. Miss Melvin Saunders of Chillicothe, Mo., is visiting her daughter, Mrs. Ella Long, 2715 Lake street. THE MONITOR RESIDENTIAL SEG REATION BEFORE THE HIGH COURT Cases in 5 Different States Are Now Hinging on the Decision of the United States Supreme Court RIGHTS OF MANY ARE AT STAKE Roman Catholics, Jews and Others Would Suffer by Adverse Decision of Case Pressed By N. A. A. C. P. New York, Sept. 26.—Segregation cases before the courts in five states in this country, and the entire question of residential segregation of colored people and other groups in America, depends upon the case now being carried on appeal before the Supreme Court of the United States, according to a statement issued by the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People a few days ago. James A. Cobb, of Washington, who is conducting the case, said that similar cases were pending in St Louis, Baltimore and in California, Michigan and Louisiana. "The key case," said Mr. Cobb, "is that of Mrs. Helen Curtis, who, because of her color was enjoined from taking title to property which she had purchased from a white property owner, on the ground that the sale violated a white property owners' agreement not to sell to Negroes. Adverse decision having been rendered by a lower court the case has been taken on appeal to the Supreme Court of the United States, where it will probably be advanced on the calendar. "This case has aroused enormous interest throughout the United States. Practically every Southern Congressman in Washington has applied for a copy of the record of the case and similar cases in other parts of the country are being held to await decision in this case. "What is involved is the question of residential segregation, not only against colored people in America, but against Catholics, Jews, and other groups of property owners may care to bar out by agreement amongst themselves. The present case, as the N. A. A. C. P. has already warned the colored people of America is fully important, and in fact it is more important, than the Louisville Segregation case, on which decision was rendered by the Supreme Court of the United States in 1917. By the terms of that decision, no municipality may enact residential segregation into law. But the property owners are now seeking to evade that decision by writing their own segregation law into agreements among themselves, not to sell to colored people. If this color bar against colored people is sustained it would have the practical effect of nullifying the victory won in the Louisville case. "Colored people throughout the United States, therefore, have every reason to be vitally interested in that matter. Every colored property owner or potential property and home owner in America will be affected by this decision, whether he is a man of wealth or a man of modest means. For if this segregation should be permitted, it would mean more crowding in colored districts, more exploitation of colored tenants, greater disregard and neglect of colored districts, besides legal sanction for a slur upon colored Americans. "It is not alone the colored people who may be affected. If this bar is sustained against them, there is no reason whatever why similar bars should not be invoked against other minority groups in America, such as Catholics, Jews, Japanese, etc. It behooves all right minded citizens to realize the importance of this fight being conducted in their behalf and to render assistance in it, if they are able to do so." Associated with Mr. Cobb in the conduct of the case are William H. Lewis, of Boston, former assistant U. S. attorney general; James P. Shick and Henry E. Davis, of Washington, former U. S. attorney and former corporation counsel for the District of Columbia. Associate counsel are Arthur B. Spingarn and Herbert K. Stockton, respectively chairman and member of the N. A. A. C. P. national legal committee, also Emory B. Smith. In connection with the above announcement, the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People stated that a fund of at least $5,000 would be needed to fight the case to a conclusion. "We spent upwards of $15,000 to A NATIONAL WEEKLY NEWSPAPER DEVOTED TO THE INTERESTS OF COLORED AMERICANS THE REV. JOHN ALBERT WILLIAMS, Editor OMAHA, NEBRASKA, FRIDAY, SEPTEMBER 26, 1924 $250,000 SCHOOL OPENS Kansas City, Mo., Sept. 26.—The new northeast junior high school, costing $250,000, with an enrollment of 600, opened last week. There is a $50,000 gymnasium and $3,000 in type- writers. Champion Chica Will Play Omah Great Games Anticipated Champion Chicago Union Giants Will Play Omaha Champs Here Great Games Anticipated When Teams Play Oct. 4-5 Omaha base ball followers will have the opportunity in the near future of seeing the strongest colored ball team in the country in action against the champion Omaha Western Leaguers. Secretary Hans Reis, of the local team informs the Monitor that he has completed arrangements for the matching of the Chicago Union Giants, said to be the fastest Negro ball team in the United States, if not the world, against the Burch Rods at League Park on Saturday and Sunday, October 4 and 5. The Giant line-up contains the names of some of the most famous colored players in the game today, and as the home club has proven to be the class of the Western League, fans can anticipate two rattling good games. Advance dope indicates them as strong contenders against the locals, they having already won 88 games this season with but 22 losses, and .750 ball is real stuff, gentlemen, in any man's league or out. The Omaha club will appear almost intact as it has appeared here all summer. It has been said that Johnny Kerr, the Detroit flash, now the prop- [Image of a man in a suit with a tie]. M. A. B. C. C. BROWN Traveler and Lecturer GIRL ARRESTED FOR RIDING IN WHITE COACH Durmont, Ark., Sept. 26. "Well, Miss Nigger, you want to be white, eh?" "No judge," she replied, "I want to be respectable." The above dialogue ensued when Miss Elizabeth E. Lee, of Chicago, was arrested when she arrived here on a Missouri-Pacific passenger train on the charge of violating the jim crow law. She had a ticket which called for first-class accommodation but when she reached the Kentucky line was asked to take a seat in the jim crow save twelve men condemned to death in Arkansas and to free 67 others from long prison terms," said James Weldon Johnson, N. A. A. C. P. secretary. "The victory in those cases was a blow against peonage. We propose now to strike a blow equally powerful against residential segregation in America. Every colored man and woman who is able, for the sake of themselves and of their people, ought to contribute to help obtain another decisive victory." HISTORIANS TO MEET Richmond, Va., Sept. 26.—The annual meeting of the Association for the study of Negro life and history will convene in its annual session here September 29 and 30. go Union Giants ha Champs Here When Teams Play Oct. 4-5 erty of Boston, may appear in the home line-up. Great plans are being formulated for these games for the net proceeds of the game to go to the local players as a little extra testimonial of the esteem in which the fans hold them for winning the Western League flag. Omaha colored people should turn out en masse, both for the chance of meeting the champion colored team of the country and also to cheer our own champions of the Tierney loop. Nick Cullip, perhaps jokingly, has sworn that he will clout three homers on Sunday, Oct. 5th, if 10,000 persons crowd into the park. This ought to be sufficient to get the gang. Following are complete line-ups for both clubs: **Omaha** Thompson, 2d Luebe, if Cullop, 1st Bonowitz, cf Wilcox, 3d Lenahan, rf O'Neill, ss Wilder, s **Union Giants** Lyons, if Herman, 2d Turner, 1st Williams, ss Doris, cf Lynch, rf Young, c Crespo, 3d Gomez, p Luther, p Bruwer, p Harney, p Colby, p Coleman, C car. She looked into it but found it occupied by drunken whites, who used the if a crow car to recite smutty stories and drink bootleg whiskey. One of the seats in this colored coach was used exclusively by the white news boy to hold his magazines and fruit and the one toilet there was for use by both sexes. After one look Miss Lee went back into the white coach and stayed there until she arrived here and the conductor had telegraphed ahead and a big detail of police was on hand to arrest the one lone woman. She was fined $150 by the magistrate but stumped him when she asked him why he didn't fine the drunken whites who were in the colored section of the jim crow car. Robert E. Lee, her father, who resides at 3149 South Park avenue, Chicago, plans to sue the railroad under the interstate law which guarantees first-class accommodation and transportation as printed on the ticket. He is a mail carrier. Bennie Moton's Kansas City Orchestra at Dreamland Hall, Saturday night, September 27.—Adv. RETURNS FROM TEN DAY VISIT TO HOME OF HIS BOYHOOD Rev. John Albert Williams Enjoys Trip to Detroit Where He Preached Anniversary Sermon. MEETS MANY OLD FRIENDS The Rev. John Albert Williams returned early Sunday morning from a ten days' absence spent in Detroit, Mich., where he preached the historical sermon commemorative of the seventy-fifth anniversary of St. Mathew's parish and the fifthth of the consecration of the Rt. Rev. James Theodore Holly, late bishop of Haiti, who was the first man of African descent to be consecrated a bishop by the American Episcopal church. Bishop Holly, who had been reared as a Roman Catholic, later became a communicant of St. Matthew's and a candidate for the ministry from that congregation. St. Matthew's is proud of the fact that it has given one man to the episcopate and two to the priesthood, Father Williams of St. Philip's, Omaha, and Father Louis H. Berry, of St. Philip's, Newark, N. J. The various services and other features in connection with this dual anniversary commemoration which occupied a week were largely attended and of a high and inspiring character. The social features as well as the services were attended by Bishop Page, and leading clergy and laity of the city, maintaining the happy traditions of the Diocese of Michigan in which there has always been sympathetic and kindly recognition of the fact that white and colored Churchmen are members of one household of faith. The Rev. Henry L. Phillips, D. D. of Philadelphia, the nester of the colored clergy, was also a distinguished guest of the parish. The present rector of St. Matthew's is the Rev. Everad W. Daniel, one of the ablest and most outstanding clergy of the Episcopal church, who during his three years' rectorate there has stamped his strong personality not only upon the religious but also upon the civic life of Detroit, being a fearless and outspoken champion of the rights of his people. En route Father Williams spent two days in Chicago where he had the pleasure as also at Detroit of meeting many old friends. Among his most pleasant experiences in Detroit was a delightful visit to a former teacher who was a strong influence in his life, Miss M. L. Cary, who is still active in her beloved calling and is teaching French in the Barbour Intermediate High School. A CALL TO ACTION! Colored Women Voters of America! In the name of humanity and justice, with the inspiring record of the republican party, I appeal to you to let no false reasoning, no "pretty sounding prases"—no promises which cannot be fulfilled—defy you from entering heartily into this campaign, and continuing until victory is achieved. We would make this a sweeping campaign for every colored woman's vote. The hosts of women coming from the South must be sought out and informed as to the power of the ballot and their privilege to use it. We must seek out those other hosts of young men and women who have attained their majority since the last presidential election. I suggest that clubs be formed to encourage and inspire these young people to rally to the standard of Coolidge and Dawes and help win the victory in November. In some southern states Negroes are intimidated and prevented from voting. It is all the more necessary that women in sections where they enjoy their right to vote, should exercise this right of franchise. There are enough colored women of voting age to elect the president if all could vote. The timid, the negligent, the stay-at-homes are the ones who defeat a ticket. There were 2,830,400 colored women of voting age in the United States in 1920. Of these more than one million are in the southern states where voting rights are often denied them. These figures show the necessity of an intensive organized effort to arouse every colored woman voter in the northern states to her great responsibility to her disfranchised southern sisters to vote for the highest welfare of the race. (Signed) HALLIE Q. BROWN, Director, Colored Women's Division Republican National Committee. Whole Number 481 MISSOURI NEGROES SHOW GRATITUDE FOR DAVIS' WORK Democratic Presidential Nominee Is Presented with Beautiful Silver Loving Cup by Delegation DR. THOMPSON MAKES SPEECH Gift Is Token of Appreciation for Distinguished Recipient's Services in Opposing Anti-Racial Legislation. Bunceton, Mo., Sept. 26.—Here at the home of Dr. A. W. Nelson, democratic candidate for governor, occurred an unusual event Monday afternoon, September 15, when John W. Davis, democratic presidential nominee, was presented with a beautiful gift from the Negroes of Missouri in appreciation of his services to the race in opposing anti-racial legislation. The token was in the form of a silver loving cup with the following inscription: "A token of appreciation presented to the Hon. John W. Davis by a grateful people, the Negroes of Missouri, on his visit to Missouri, September 15, 1924, for his matchless efforts in fighting the cause of human rights of the Negroes of West Virginia and of the nation." The cup bears the great seal of Missouri, encompassed by two palm leaves. At the top of the cup is the figure of Winged Victory holding the laurel wreath of achievement. Dr. William J. Thompkins of Kansas City, who made the presentation speech said in part: "Before you are assembled today the sons and daughters of the former masters; and in this group, also, are assembled the sons and daughters of the former slaves of the masters. And today, after sixty years of freedom, we stand with hand in hand and shoulder to shoulder, in one solid phalanx, united with those who fought for the cause that they thought was right. "In these brief moments, permit me to say that never before has such a serious problem confronted a nation as that the American people are called upon to solve, namely, that two races should attempt to live together, happily and peacefully, on terms of mutual, civil and economic ideals, fired by the same ambitions. And this is a condition calling for the wisest constructive statesmanship. "The first statesmanship efforts, along this line, began with the heroic men of the north who followed in the wake of Sherman's army and resulted in the Emancipation proclamation of the immortal Lincoln which gave the Bible and spelling book to the emancipated blacks. Four millions of my people were turned loose, ignorant and illiterate and superstitious among friends and foes, and for a quarter of a century we went through a crucial period. Then arose here and there throughout this nation, men who believed in the spirit of brotherhood of man—believed that the strength, the power, the perpetuity of our nation rests not on the amount of its possessions, not on the extent of its lands, not on things, but on men. Among this group came a young stripling lawyer in West Virginia, who immediately assumed the responsibility of guarding the destiny of this lowly people of that section. "We saw him standing before the legislature of West Virginia fighting the Jim Crow laws; we saw him fighting the nefarious grand father clause before the United States Supreme Court; we saw him fighting the cause of the West Virginia miners of our group, and for thirty years we have seen him stand with unrelenting persuasion at the bar of justice pleading for a square deal—not for alms, not for special legislation, not for special favors—but for equal opportunities for the Black Folk to be men. And today, Mr. Chairman, we would feel that this day had been incomplete, if we did not give forth an expression without equivocation, of our gratitude to this great patriot. "I therefore, in the name of Him who knoweth all, and in the name of the Negroes of this great state, present this token of appreciation to this honorable statesman, John W. Davis, the next President of the United States of America." He was greeted with cheers and hand clapping as he concluded. One grizzled veteran, with tears in his eyes, declared it the grandest speech he had ever heard, and on all sides GROWING THANK YOU Vol. X—No. 13 ENED ICES TO RACE MUST CONCENTRATE ON WINNING N. Y. WOMEN Miss Hallie Q. Brown Announces That Republican Party Has Big Job on Hand in the Empire State. Chicago, Ill., Sept. 26.—The colored women of Pennsylvania, New Jersey, and the New England states are enrolling in large numbers in the republican party. "We have nothing to worry about in these states," said Miss Hallie Q. Brown, chairman of the colored women's department of the republican national committee, on her return to headquarters from New York City, where she attended a two day conference of colored women, conducted at the eastern division headquarters of the republican national committee. "But we must concentrate on winning the colored women in New York state. They feel that Governor Smith has been their friend and therefore they are inclined to vote the national democratic ticket." Miss Brown was the guest of honor at a large luncheon given on September 11th, attended by representative women from Virginia, Connecticut, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, District of Columbia and Massachusetts. On September 12th, Miss Brown attended a reception given by the colored women of New Jersey at Newark. Senator Edge of New Jersey and Miss Brown addressed the assembly. Mrs. M. C. Lawton, director of the colored women's section of the eastern division headquarters, was the presiding officer at the luncheon given Miss Brown in New York. In addressing the meeting Miss Brown told of the virtues of the colored women, their zeal and their loyalty. She urged that they think together, work together and pull together for the republican party. Miss Brown has issued a letter to all national committeewomen urging the appointment of a colored woman to assist in the organization of colored women in each state. A pamphlet "Ten Reasons Why Colored Women Should Vote for Coolidge and Dawes" is being distributed from the National Campaign headquarters of the republican party. RESTORED AS STATE REPUBLICAN COMMITTEEMAN Chicago, Sept. 2.—Robert R. Church, Jr., Negro millionsire of Memphis Tenn., who was recently dropped from the Tennessee State Republican Committee, was restored to the committee through the suggestion of Wm. M. Butler, chairman of the Republican National Committee. there were inquiries about the personnel of the presentation group. Davis in Reply. John W. Davis, received the cup with the dignity that is peculiarly his, his face softening as the import of the speech went home, and in tones that thrilled, said in reply: "Gentlemen, I am moved, both by the eloquence I have just heard, and by the spirit that prompted your presenting me this gift. I accept this loving cup. It is, truly, a thing of beauty. Any man would be proud to be the possessor of such a beautiful thing, such a work of art—but how much more proud would any man be, to be its possessor, knowing that which it represents. "I assure you that anything I have ever done, to warrant such expression of your gratitude, is now amply repaid, were is not already repaid by the knowledge and satisfaction of having done one's duty. "I did defend your people on many occasions—in doing which I did only my duty, as one serving an entire people and as an officer of the law. Never have I had cause to regret." "I have very great respect for the progress to which you refer, that your race has made during these past sixty years. Your ascent from illiteracy to intellectual attainment has been overwhelming; your part in the wars of this nation has been patriotic, and so recorded in the annals. Your efforts are not only to be commended but emulated, and whatever I have done in the past to help in its efforts, is no more than I shall be glad and proud to do in the future. "Fervently can I assure you, sir, that if the American people see fit to elevate me to the Presidency, I shall do my utmost to see that no citizen under the Stars and Stripes is deprived of his humblest rights. For this gracious gift, gentlemen, I thank you." THE M A WEEKLY NEWSPAPER DEVOTED OF COLORE PUBLISHED EVERY FRIDAY A MONITOR PUBLI Entered as Second-Class Mail Mat Omaha, Nebraska, under THE REV. JOHN ALBERT WILLI W. W. MOSELY, Lincoln, Neb. LUCINDA W. WILLIAMS SUBSCRIPTION RATES, $2.00 A YEAR Advertising Rates Fue Address, The Monitor, Poste Telephone V ARTICLE XIV, CON UNITED THE MONTTOR A WEEKLY NEWSPAPER DEVOTED PRIMARY TO THE INTERESTS OF COLORED AMERICANS PUBLISHED EVERY FRIDAY AT OMAHA, NEBRASKA, BY THE MONITOR PUBLISHING COMPANY Address, The Monitor, Postoffice Box 1204, Omaha, Neb. Telephone WEBsther 4243 ARTICLE XIV, CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES Citizenship Rights Not to Be Abridged 1. All persons born or naturalized in the United and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens United States and of the State wherein they resi- state shall make or enforce any law which shall abri- privileges or immunities of citizens of the United Sta- shall any state deprive any person of life, liberty, or erty without due process of law, nor deny to any within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the la 1. All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the State wherein they reside. No state shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor shall any state deprive any person of life, liberty, or property without due process of law, nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws. IS THERE NOT A WAY OUT? advised the attendance has been in OMAHA has a number of blind men and women who stand on street corners in the down town district trying to earn a living by selling pencils shoe strings or like necessities. They are not worthless mendicants but reputable and worthy people anxious and willing to support themselves. They are in their places in all kinds of weather and eke out scarcely enough to keep body and soul together. It has seemed to us that either the city or philanthropic citizens might provide some small store space in advantageous places where these afflicted and handicapped persons could be housed and sell their small wares and newspapers and thus support themselves. If this be deemed impracticable the city could and should make sufficient provision to enable these people to remain at home and see to it that they are furnished with some work which they can do in order that they may be employed and maintain their self-respect. It is a sorry spectacle to see these afflicted people standing daily on our streets mutely beseeching alms or attempting to sell their wares. We believe that some opportunity to earn a living should be provided for them so that they can be taken off of the street. Is there not a way out? We believe there is. NIGHT SCHOOLS A NUMBER of night schools are soon to be opened. Each year these schools have been eagerly attended by many of our people who have come from the South where their chances for education were very meager indeed. They are hungry to learn. A large number of these are adults, some almost of middle age. The largest enrollment has been at the Kellom school where we have been A PRAYER FOR DELIVERY PREJE By Morne (For the Associa GOD, who hast made a who dost love all whom because of difference separate ourselves from other teach as the unity of Thy Thy love. As Thy Son, our O GOD, who hast made man in Thine own likeness and who dost love all whom Thou hast made, suffer us not, because of difference in race, color or condition, to separate ourselves from others, and thereby from Thee; but teach as the unity of Thy family and the universality of Thy love. As Thy Son, our Savior, was born of an Hebrew mother and ministered first to His brethren of the House of Israel, but rejoiced in the faith of a Syro-Phoenician woman and of a Roman soldier, and suffered His cross to be carried by a man of Africa, teach us, also, loving and serving our own, to enter into the communion of the whole human family; and forbid that, from pride of birth and hardness of heart, we should despise any for whom Christ died, or injure any in whom He lives. Amen. Do You Take a Race Paper? Subscribe Now for The Monitor $2.00 a Year PAGE TWO naturalized in the United States, on thereof, are citizens of the state wherein they reside. No any law which shall abridge the citizens of the United States; nor person of life, liberty, or prop- law, nor deny to any person final protection of the laws. advised the attendance has been in some of the classes three to one. Our people have constituted three-fourths and people of foreign birth, chiefly Jews and Italians, one-fourth of such classes. Comparatively few native-born whites attend the classes in this school. There was a large falloff off last year upon the part of students of our race because they felt that they were wasting a good deal of valuable time sitting in these classes while the teacher was devoting a major portion of her time to teaching these foreign-born pupils how to speak English. Not grammar or reading, but phonetics or the correct sound of English letters and syllables. The English-speaking pupils felt, and right so, that this cut short the all-too-brill period of the session for the branches they really need, reading, writing, spelling and arithmetic. The school program stresses Americanization and is planned more for the foreign-born than for the native born. This plan and program, as we see it, lacks proportion. The foreign-born ought not to be neglected neither should the native. It would seem that the classes could be so arranged that the pupils who know and speak the English language, even though imperfectly and ungrammatically, could be taught the things they imperatively need and the foreign-born the things they need. This, as we can readily see, calls for some separation in class work, not along lines of race or color, but along lingual lines, knowledge of the English language. If, as might be the case, for example, at the Kelom school, this would result in almost exclusive enrollment of Negroes by themselves and foreign-speaking peoples by themselves, because of the patronage of the school, furnishes no valid objection in our judgment, provided that it is kept clearly in mind and consistently carried out in practice without subterfuge, evasion or VERANCE FROM RACE UDICE by Williams tated Negro Press) man in Thine own likeness and (Thou hast made, suffer us not, r race, color or condition, to chicenery that all pupils, whatever be their race, nationality or color, are eligible to and must enroll in these classes as determined by their knowledge or ignorance of the English language. We hope our people will take advantage of these night schools, both grade and high, and that the school authorities, with whom Americanization of the foreign-born looms so large, will so arrange the classes that native born Americans can receive the instruction they need. We cannot urge too strongly the necessity of our people who have been denied educational advantages making full use of the night schools as soon as they are opened. They should enroll and attend promptly and regularly. WORKING FOR VICTORY THE National Republican Committee which has wisely enlisted the services of competent members of the race to look after the important and decisive Negro vote has, we believe, awakened to the fact that this vote is not as hitherto the exclusive and foreordained possession of the Republican party. The bureau charged with this specific work, headed by William C. Matthews, Miss Hallie Q. Brown, and their wide-awake corps of aides, are keenly alive to this fact. While they believe Calvin Coolidge will be elected they realize that they have a big job on their hands and are losing no time in trying to make sure of the vote in many of the doubtful states among which Nebraska is placed. They are taking no chances, but working hard for a sweeping victory. A GRACIOUS ACT SIGNIFICANT indeed is the fact that prominent Negroes of Missouri presented John W. Davis with a beautiful silver loving cup at Bunceon, Mo., recently as a testimonial of their appreciation of his splendid services for the race in West Virginia in successfully fighting anti-racial legislation. It was a gracious and most befitting act and bespeaks the gratitude which all of us feel for men who have the courage to stand for true Americanism when our rights as American citizens are placed in jeopardy. Men of this type are all too few. It is to be regretted that the record of the party of which Mr. Davis is the standard-bearer, in its attitude toward and dealing with our race is such as to make it extremely difficult, if not wholly impossible, for our people to give him that support which personally he deserves. Some of the most prominent and influential members of our group feel that Mr. Davis can influence his party to become relatively as broad-minded as he. We do not share this belief. Nevertheless we are pleased that our Missouri friends graciously expressed the gratitude we all feel for John W. Davis, the man, even though we may not see our way clear to support his candidacy. INFORMATION WANTED Any person who can furnish information concerning the whereabouts of Mrs. Sylvia Poe Atwater, originally from Jackson, Tenn., please call Mrs. Laura Jefferson, Market 1145.—Adv. RUNNING RACES AK-SAR-BEN FIELD 2 P.M. RAIN OR SHINE AUTOS FREE Admission $100 Plus Tax BOX SALE BEATON'S DRUG CO. FONTENELLE HOTEL UNITT DOCEKAL DRUG CO Today and Every Day Until September 27th. THE MONITOR BRITAIN STARTS LEPROSY FIGHT BRITAIN STARTS LEPROSY FIGHT Fund of $1,250,000 Sought to Combat the Malady in the Empire. Manchester, England.—More than 300,000 persons in the British empire suffer from leprosy, it is estimated. In this day of advanced medical science leprosy can be cured. So the British Empire Leprosy Relief association has been formed to raise funds to wage a campaign against leprosy in all parts of the empire. For this purpose $1,250,000 is needed. To arouse interest in the work a public meeting took place in the Manchester town hall recently. Lord Mayor Jackson, who presided, introduced Sir Leonard Rogers, a Fallow of the Royal Society, one of the scientists responsible for the discovery of the new cure. In an interesting survey of leprosy and its treatment, first by segregation and latterly by means of both segregation and injections of preparations from oils, Sir Leonard said the disease still exists in European countries, including Russia, Turkey, Crete, Spain and Portugal. Disease Not Hereditary. "Leprosy is not highly infectious, as used to be thought, and it is not hereditary," he continued. "In 700 cases I have investigated in the last six years it was found that at least 70 per cent had lived in houses with other lepers before contracting the disease, and that at least 30 per cent had slept in the same beds with a leper. Attendants on lepers frequently get the disease, which is essentially one of house infection; children are especially liable to it. "Segregation," Sir Leonard continued, "is of undoubted value, but it is a slow method and there are great difficulties in carrying it out in the tropics. It is inevitable that as long as we have nothing better to offer than isolation, amounting to imprisonment for life, the leper will hide the disease as long as possible. Up to a few years age the only remedy of any value known was the old Indian remedy of chaulmogroh oil, and its nauseating qualities were such that most lepers could not take enough. In 1916, at the request of Doctor Helser, who had obtained some success by means of injections, I, with the aid of chemists, began research work which resulted in the extraction from this oil of salts, solutions of which, when injected, proved far more effective in destroying the leper bacillus. It was the first instance known of the destruction of bacillus within the tissues by a vegetable substance. Today similar valuable preparations are being made from six different oils and used in the treatment of leprosy. "The next advance came in 1919, when two American workers, Professor Dean and Doctor Hollmann, discovered a compound called ethylester chaulmoograte, which can be injected directly into the muscles instead of into the veins, and as this is less troublesome it is now in general use." Americans Aiding Lepers. After giving figures from several sources showing the remarkable success obtained in treating the disease, Sir Leonard said that at present only 10 per cent of the lepers in the British empire are getting the advantage of this treatment—"although the Americans are applying it to every leper in their dominion"—and that the British Empire Leprosy Relief association is being formed with the object of bringing it within the reach of all. At the Strasburg international conference last July, Sir Leonard concluded, a resolution was passed at his suggestion that nations are not justified in segregating lepers for the benefit of other people unless they provide those lepers with the best possible treatment. Sir William Milligan of the Royal infirmary, Manchester, said he had seen a case of leprosy in Manchester. He could not forget the impression made upon his mind by lepers while he was in Vienna. Some of them were most revolting. Manchester, having so large an interest in countries like India, the Malay peninsula and Africa, has a special duty to help in the elimination of this disease. Philadelphia.—The sweet singing of a sentimental ballad by an eastern penitentiary convict and broadcast from a local radio station won a parole for convict C-1412, who had three years more to serve on a bandit charge. The name of the convict was withheld. Several months ago musically inclined convicts broadcast a concert from the penitentiary through Station WIP. Hardly had C-1412 finished when the penitentiary phone became busy with requests for the identity of the man. Many letters were received, and a lawyer who interested himself in the case succeeded in obtaining a parole. Among those who interested themselves in the convict was said to be Governor Hitchcock of Maryland. Innocent of a Barber Maysville, Mo.-W. R. Taylor, who lives on a farm between this city and Cameron, declares that he has lived 72 years and has never been shaved by a barber. Taylor revealed this fact when he read in a local newspaper that a man has reported that he was fifty-one years old and had never been shaved by a barber. As a result of his claim, Taylor beats the other man by 21 years. Plan by Which Any Size May Be Easily Constructed by Amateurs. By ELMER RING Although there has never come to my attention any method where the experimenter might easily construct his own cardboard tubing for winding inductance coils, standard sizes are sometimes readily obtainable, but where the circuit requires an odd size, such as one tube fitting tightly over another, this presents a problem. Herein is described the easiest and most satisfactory method which may be employed to construct tubing of any size. Procedure a roll of heavy three-inch gum tape, sometimes called kraft tape, at any paper goods or cordage store. No other size is needed, as three inches is wide enough for all couplers, variometers or any other coils. There will also be required two strips of wood about $ \frac{4}{3} $ by 1 by 30 inches, and some small tin cans not over three inches high. These cans are used for forms and need not be the exact size, as they can easily be padded with a few turns of the gum tape. The two narrow strips of wood are fastened to an old table top or a smooth board about six inches wide and three feet long. These are used as guides in rolling the form over the gum tape. They are fastened on the Can Wooden strips Ham Tape Table Top Wooden Strips on Table Top to Make Paper Tubes. table three inches apart with just enough clearance between them to accommodate the tape without binding. Take one of the forms (which is padded, if necessary), and wind the tape on it until the desired size of coll and thickness of wall have been obtained. Cut off this strip of paper and measure it, so if more are needed they all will be of exactly the same size. Lay this strip of gum tape between the two strips of wood fastened to the table and proceed to wind. Make about one and one-half turns on the form evenly, then, with a damp sponge or rag, moisten the tape as the form is rolled over it, between the two wooden strips. Care should be taken to just moisten the gum tape; if it is too wet, billets will form. When it is perfectly dry, a light coat of shellac may be applied to the inside and outside of the tube. By following these directions, a tube with a thin wall but of very rigid construction can be made, and it will compare favorably in appearance with any tube that can be obtained on the market—Radio News. Oldest Plate Presented to National Museum What is probably the oldest plate in the world has been presented to the National museum in Washington by Miss Lella Lieberman of Washington. For more than a thousand years the relic has been handed down through succeeding generations in the Lieberman-family. The plate, which is about fourteen inches in diameter, was originally owned by King David and it bears the crest of the famous monarch. Along the outer rim of the plate are engraved characters setting forth the use of the plate and a record of the various branches of the family through which it has passed. SEW AND SAVE WITH 50 BEST SIX CORD SPOOL COTTON Dressmaking Hints For a valuable book on dressmaking, send 4c. to THE SPOOL COTTON CO., Dept. C 315 Fourth Ave., New York Send In Your Subscription ALLEN CHAPEL A. M. E. CHURCH 25th and R St.-Phone MMarket 3475. O. J. Burckhardt, Pastor. Sunday at 11 a. m. Rev. G. I. Wright preached an excellent sermon on "Blessed are the pure in heart." The ERUNA CUBA COSTA DE TON Coughs, colds, nasal catarrh, stomach and bowel disorders are among the more common affections of the mucous linings which call for Pe-ru-na. Fifty years in the service of the people Sold everywhere Tablet or Liquid Send 4 cents for book on catarrh The Pe-ru-na Company, COLUMBUS, OHIO We Our Store Your Store lively the Lowest Prices on ADDRESSES and DRY GOODS large assortment of the latest styles to THE ALTERATION OUR SPECIALTY—All Work and Material Guaranteed Make Our Your Positively the L COATS, DRESSES We have a large assort choose from. FREE ALT DRESSMAKING OUR SP Material C Make Our Store Your Store Positively the Lowest Prices on COATS, DRESSES and DRY GOODS We have a large assortment of the latest styles to choose from. FREE ALTERATION DRESSMAKING OUR SPECIALTY—All Work and Material Guaranteed YOUR CREDIT IS GOOD HERE No Extra Charges We also carry a full line of the LATEST PHONO-GRAPH RECORDS. Just call and we will deliver FREE. Rialto Music Shop a full line of the LATEST PHONO- S. Just call and we will deliver FREE. Music Shop We also carry a full line of the LATEST PHONOGRAPH RECORDS...Just call and we will deliver FREE. Rialto Music Shop 1512 North 24th Street CHICKEN DINNER EVERY SUNDAY At 2210 O Street MEALS 40 CENTS BEVERAGES OF ALL KINDS Sacred Music All Day Sunday Bizer & Bizer, Props. CORN HUSKER CAFE LINCOLN, NEBRASKA The Monitor Is Fighting Y LET US PAY YOU 6 We Treat STATE SAVINGS & N. W. Corner 19th and Douglas S. IGHTING YOUR BATTLES—BOOST IT YOU 6% ON SAVINGS We Treat You Right— SAVINGS & LOAN ASSOCIATION I Douglas Streets Bankers Reserve Bldg. The Monitor Is Fighting YOUR BATTLES—BOOST IT! STATE SAVINGS & LOAN ASSOCIATION N. W. Corner 19th and Douglas Streets Bankers Reserve Bldg. Nebraska Civil Rights Bill Chapter Thirteen of the Revised Statutes of Nebraska, Civil Rights—Enacted in 1893: Sec. 1. CIVIL RIGHTS OF PERSONS. All persons within this state shall be entitled to a full and equal enjoyment of the accommodations, advantages, facilities and privileges of inns, restaurants, public conveyances, barber shops, theatres and other places of amusement; subject only to the conditions and limitations established by law and applicable alike to every person. Sec. 2. PENALTY FOR VIOLATION OF PRECEDING SECTION. Any person who shall violate the foregoing section by denying to any person, except for reasons of law applicable to all persons, the full enjoyment of any of the accommodations, advantages, facilities, or privileges enumerated in the foregoing section, or by aiding or inciting such denials, shall for each offense be guilty of a misdemeanor, and be fined in any sum not less than twenty-five dollars, nor more than one hundred dollars, and pay the costs of the prosecution. "The original act was held valid as to citizens; barber shops can not discriminate against persons on account of color. Messenger vs. State, 25 Nebr., Page 677. N. W. 638." "A restaurant keeper who refuses to serve a colored person with refreshments in a certain part of his restaurant, for no other reason than that he is colored, is civilly liable, though he offers to serve him by setting a table in a more private part of the house. Ferguson vs. Gies, 82 Mich. 358; N. W. 718." League met and had a good meeting at 6:30 and at 8 p. m. the pastor preached. Sunday will be my closing work for this conference year so I will appreciate the presence of my many friends. We will read our report. Send In Your Subscription Those Who Recognize the Usefulness of Pe-ru-na Are Never Without It Its tonic properties and the invigorating effect which it exerts upon the mucous membranes are what makes Pe-ru-na such a valuable treatment for eat number of bodily ills. WATERS BARNMART PRIVILEGE OMAHA Local and Personal Happenings WE PRINT THE NEWS WHILE IT IS NEWS ADDRESS BOX 1204 BANK OF BROOKLYN Our beautiful, modern funeral home provides every convenience and our experience qualifies us to render the service demanded when loved ones are called by death. --- E. F. Movearty, Lawyer, 700 Peters Trust building, Jackson 3841 or Harney 2156. Bennie Moton's Kansas City Orchestra at Dreamland Hall Saturday night, September 27.—Adv. Miss Robbie Turner left: Tuesday night for Washington, D. C., where she will enter Howard University. A. P. Scruggs, lawyer, 312 South Thirteenth street, over Pope's Drug Store. Atlantic 7812. Kenwood 2492.—Adv. Miss Ethel Hilburn after spending a month here as the guest of Mrs. George Archer, 1703 North Thirty-third street, left: Tuesday for her home in Okmuglee, Okla. Worthington L. Williams, son of the Rev. and Mrs. John Albert Williams, left: Tuesday night for Minneapolis where he will enter the University of Minnesota. The funeral of Mrs. John Webster, mother of Mrs. Augustus Hicks, was held last Thursday afternoon from Mt. Moriah Baptist church of which she was a member. A large number of friends by their presence attested their high esteem for the deceased. NEATLY furnished apartment for rent or for sale, 1219½ South Sixteenth street. Jackson 1478 - 3t-22 William B. Reed of Denver, Colo, arrived here Monday to join his wife Mrs. Irene Jones Reed. He will remain in Omaha until after their second wedding anniversary, October 2,' for which occasion Mr. Reed has presented his wife with a Cole Eight. Mr. Reed was accompanied on his trip by Mrs. Owen Jones, who came to visit her parents, Mr. and Mrs. Middleton. Mrs. Jones will return to Denver with the Reeds. Bennie Moton's Kansas City orchestra at Dreamland Hall, Saturday night, September 27.-Adv. Sergt. Isaac Bailey and Dr. Herbert Wiggins, laymen representing the Church of St. Philip the Deacon, were guests at the dinner given for the Synod of the Province of the Northwest at the Country Club, Tuesday night. Mr. William G. Haynes, who was also to be present, was detained by another engagement. FOR RENT—Room in private home, strictly modern, near two car lines. Phone WEbster 1624.—4t-9-19. Mr. and Mrs. E. R. West have returned from an extensive eastern and southern motor trip which included points in Massachusetts and Virginia. They report a delightful time. Bennie Moton's Kansas City orchestra at Dreamland Hall, Saturday night, September 27.—Adv. "Dentio," the tooth paste you ought to use.—Adv. The Douglas Republican League will hold a mass meeting at Dreamland Hall next Tuesday night to which the public is invited. Good speakers will be present to address the meeting. A stunning Style Show will be given by the Garden Club of the North Side branch of the Y. W. C. A., next Monday night, September 29, at 8:30 o'clock at Columbia Hall, Twenty-fourth and Lake streets. Unusual scenes, exclusive styles and attractive models.—Adv. FOR RENT—Two furnished rooms in modern home. Web. 6873. Our beautiful, our experience quality ones are called by Jones 24th and Grant Sts. The Dames' Club will hold its first meeting of the season Wednesday, October 1, as the guest of Mrs. L. E. Britt, 2195 Maple street. Mr. and Mrs. L. W. Grant gave a farewell dinner party for Florence Grant Wednesday, the 17th, as she is leaving for Yakima, Wash., Thursday. Miss Florence Grant, formerly of his city spent the weekend with her friend, Miss Verdia Jenkins. She left Monday night for Lincoln, enroute for Yakima, Wash. WIDELY TRAVELLED VISITOR HERE ON SPECIFIC MISSION Interested in the Formation of World Alliance Among t Colored Races —Insistent Upon the Right of Self-Determination Mr. C. C. Browne, who visited Omaha some seventeen years ago and spoke on Afira and his experiences there in St. John's A. M. E. and Zion Baptist churches, arrived in the city last week and will deliver a series of free lectures while here. The first will be given next Monday, September 29 at Pilgrim Baptist church, Twenty-fifth and Hamilton streets. Mr. Brown, who is reputed to have held responsible government positions in the Basuto nation, Africa, during the Boer War, has spent all told twenty-two years in Africa. He has travelled extensively having been in almost every country on the globe. He has come to the United States on this trip by the way of China, Japan and the Phillippines. The purpose of his visit to the United States at this time as to The Monitor is to put into concrete form the World's Alliance program between the African and Asiatic peoples. The darkskin nations of the world are growing insistent upon the right of self determination. ST. PAUL PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH Twenty-sixth and Seward Sts. Russel Taylor, Minister A fine congregation was out Sunday night to hear the program in behalf of the men. Though quite disappointed because at the last moment Dr. Edwards, who was to deliver the principal address, sent a message stating professional business of an emergency nature prevented his coming nevertheless the rest of the program was very much enjoyed. Next Sunday morning the topic will be "Church Attendance, a Most Worthy and Profitable Habit." At 3:30 p. m. there will be a special program in behalf of the Sunday school. Dr. A. F. Ernest, pastor of the Lowe avenue Presbyterian church will preach; Miss Gertrude Lucas will read a paper, "Parents in Their Relation to the Sunday school." There will be special music both vocal and instrumental. The public is cordially invited to all services. INSTALLATION BANQUET An installation banquet will be help at Mount Moriah Baptist church, 24th and Ohio Streets, Thursday evening October 2nd, in honor of Rev. and Mrs. Fifty. Fifty cents per plate.-Adv. MT. MORIAH BAPTIST CHURCH Rev. G. W. Day, Pastor After his return from the national Baptist convention, the pastor was at his best last Sunday, preaching wonderful sermons both morning and evening. At 3 p. m. Rev. Mr. Jackson, Jackson, Miss., who is conducting revival services at Bethel Baptist church on the south side, gave a splendid address to the men's union, which was very inspiring. Mrs. Laura Webster, who was a member of our church died at her home 2516 Ohio street, Monday evening, Sept. 15th, and was buried from the church Wednesday, the pastor Rev. G. W. Day officiating. Next Sunday will be the beginning of our installation services, at 3 p. m. Rev. J. S. Williams of Salem Baptist church will preach the installation sermon. Thursday night there will be a banquet in honor of Rev. and Mrs. Day. We are still growing, new additions each Sunday and everybody seems to have the spirit to work. Our Sunday school, B. Y. P. U., Mission Circle, and all departments of the work have taken on new life and are doing things worth while. Our offerings for the week was $71.25. WONDERFUL, THEY ALL SAY When you, kind reader, see the suits we are selling at Flynn's, South Side and you hear the price you'll say the same thing. $19.75 New models—new patterns—every fibre pure virgin wool, sewed with silk, serge lined, as good looking and as good a suit everywhere as you can buy for twice the money. Come to the store that puts more value in your bundle than you really expect to find. JOHN FLYNN & CO. Adv South Omaha. Mrs. Sadie Cummings gave a dinner Sunday at the residence of Mrs.Hattie Smith, 2310 North 22nd, for her niece Florence Grant. LETTERS FROM OUR READERS One Hundred Per Cent Americanism. What constitutes 100 per cent Americanism? This is indeed a momentous question in the minds of thinking people. In these days of unrest the individual is constantly reminded of his patriotic duties, civic responsibilities and his debt to the great underlying principles of true democracy; his duty is to adhere to the basic theory of a government by the people and for the people, where all men receive equality under the regime of justice the impartial judge. The individual is allowed the pursuit of happiness according to his own ideas providing these ideas do not conflict with the existing laws. Each person has the unquestioned privilege of worshiping God according to the dictates of his own heart. Religion and law are not consolidated within the state. Within the confines of this glorious nation, the great underlying principle is freedom. Opportunity stalks upon every highway and fortune awaits the effort of the worthy and the sincere. It is to be lamented that some high government officials have broken the trust reposed in them and let us sincerely hope there will not be a repetition of these offenses in the future. Justice has been meted out in no uncertain terms and the shaken confidence of the people has largely been restored. The president, together with his chosen assistants, has looked the issue squarely in the face and dealt with the situation to the satisfaction of all. One hundred per cent Americanism means confidence in the institutions of our government, faith in the wisdom of our law makers and sincerity in the observance of all laws which have been inaugurated. No individual or group is entirely responsible for the fulfillment of the law and justice should be administered through regulation channels in accordance with the severity of the offense. Civic authorities and servants of the law strive at all times to be impartial and fair and endeavor to interpret the law in an efficient manner. Should we not as 100 per cent American citizens cooperate with them in a worthy cause? THE MONITOR ebster 4243 Let us be sincere in our appreciation of those who strive to live and let live; be content to dwell beneath the protection of the stars and stripes in the land of the free and the home of the brave. Let us be proud to observe the laws and strive to assist our fellow men in living happy, clean, progressive lives in the greatest country of all—America! RALPH E. JOHNSON, Council Bluffs, Ia. LINCOLN NEWS AND COMMENT Rev. H, W. Botts and Mr. Guy Wiley returned home last Thursday from the National Baptist convention at Nashville, Tenn., and report having had an enjoyable trip, and a most profitable session of Baptists which is estimated to have about eight thousand delegates, besides visitors. He gave echoes from the convention Sunday night which were most interesting. Mrs. W. L. Todd returned home last Wednesday, accompanied by her mother, Mrs. Cora Griggs from New Brunswick, Mo. Rev. I. B. Smith was in Omaha last week. Mrs. C. R. Johnson went to Chicago Sunday to visit a relative. Mr. U. S. Roberts, a student here from Key West, Fla., was called to Cincinnati, Ohio, on account of illness of relatives. Mrs. Maggie Stith has gone to Savannah, Mo., for treatment of cancer. Mr. Zack Johnson met with an accident last Tuesday when he fell from a ladder, while washing windows at his work, and was well shaken up, but is improving from it. Mrs. Lottie Chinn of 1029 Rose and little boy, living with her, were victims of an accident Saturday night at Tenth and O streets. An auto ran into a crowd of folks injuring several and Mrs. Chinn received a fractured arm. Hear Mrs. Fannie Russell of Omaha in her famous readings at Mt. Zion Tuesday, September 30th. Rev. Mr. Hughes of Philadelphia, Pa., secretary of Missions of the M. E. Church, was a visitor in our city Sunday. Messrs. W. Thomas, S. Tomas, W. L. Robinson and A. B. Mosley made a flying auto trip to Omaha and returned Sunday night. Regular services were conducted by the pastor, Rev. M. C. Knight, at Quinn Chapel last Sunday. Rev. Mr. Fairly, who conducted services at the Refuge Baptist Church the past week, returned to his home several days ago. Rev. C. R. Ross wishes to announce that his services are still intact at Newman M. E. Church as usual, and welcomes all who may come his way. SOUTH SIDE NEWS Bethel Baptist Church is running a great revival meeting. Rev. Mr. Jackson is a splendid speaker. Rev. Messrs. Thomas Taggart, Smith, Streeter, Burckhardt and Mrs. Lovetta Bush met as a committee last Friday with the South Side settlement workers to work out a program that will enable us to have a settlement house as headquarters for our race group. The meeting in our judgment was productive of much good. The pastor's Boosters' club of Allen Chapel will give a reception on Monday evening at the church. Body is invited to be present. They will have a good program. No admission fees. Mrs. Bertha Harris who lives on Z street is quite sick with pneumonia, and is preparing to go to the hospital. Bring Back the Smile HEADACHES caused by indigestion, colds, grippe, fatigue or excessive exhaustion simply vanish. You brace right up with ORANGEINE (Powders, 10c) They bring instant relief with settle, nerves relax, entire system responds. Perfect medicine for men or women, prevents severity all stink- ness. 10c. All drugs. Millions used yearly. They never fail. For- mula on every pike. For free trial write The Oranges Chemical Co. 224-210 W. Huron St., Chicago, Ill. --- fear Are you self-conscious about the impression you make on people? PERSONAL appearance has a lot to do with the way you feel. Clothes count, of course. But still there is one thing so many people overlook—something that at once brands them as either fastidious or careless—the teeth. Notice today how you, yourself, watch another person's teeth when he or she is talking. If the teeth are not well kept they at once become a liability. Listerine Tooth Paste cleans teeth a new way. At last our chemists have discovered polishing ingredient that really cleans without scratching the enamel—a difficult problem finely tailored. A large tube of Listerine Tooth Paste is only 25 cents; at your drugstreet's -Lambert Pharmacal Co., Saint Louis, U.S.A. PE-RU-NA For COUGHS & COLDS Backed by Over Half a Century of Success in the Treatment of Catarrh and Catarrhal Conditions Tablets or Liquid RUN CON FANCY SHOES for CHILDREN AT COLTON'S 1714-16 North 24th Street Corner 24th and Clark EAT AT PEAT'S 1405 and 1710 North Twenty-fourth Street Food Fine——Prices Right I. LEVY DRUGGIST DRUGS, DRUG SUNDRIES, CIGARS, CANDY AND SODA Let us deliver you a pint of our Famous, Malted Milk in sanitary Seal-Tite bottle, 20c. Made Fresh. Web. 5802 24th and Decatur Why Not Let Us Do Your SHOE REPAIR WORK Best material, reasonable prices. ALL WORK GUARANTEED BENJAMIN & THOMAS Phone Web. 5084-1415 No. 24th EMERSON'S LAUNDRY The Laundry That Suits All 1301 No. 24th St. Web. 0820 Bonds Furnished to Reliable Persons NOTARY PUBLIC IN OFFICE Res. Web. 6613; Office, Market 5354 Res. 2863 Binney St. NOAH W. WARE ATTORNEY and COUNSELOR AT LAW HOURS: 9 A. M. to 12:00 Noon; 1:80 P. M. to 5:80 P. M. 2731 Q Street So. Side Phones: — Office, WE. 3667; Res., WE. 3888 J O H N A D A M S Attorney and Counsellor-at-Law Practice in all Courts, State and Federal 1516 N. 24th St., Omaha, Neb. LE BRON @ GRAY ELECTRICAL WORKS Motors, Generators, Electric Elevators Repairs, Armature Winding, Electric Wiring PHONE JACKSON 2019 116 South 13th St., Omaha THOROUGRLY worthy used furniture of every description is offered for sale at very reasonable prices in our warehouse, between the hours of 1 p. m. and 5 p. m. week days. 8th and Capitol Ave.—Orchard & Wilhelm Co. A Good Place to Eat THE BEE LUNCH SHOP 5c—SANDWICHES—5c HOT DOGS HAMBURGER Car Service Given Special Attention FREE DELIVERY Web. 6930 24th and Grant 2220 No. 24th St. SUNDAY LET US SUPPLY THE DES DINI Call Webster 6323—ask FREE DL SUNDAY SPECIAL SUPPLY THE DESSERT FOR YOUR S DINNER 1 Webster 6323—ask for the Sunday Speci FREE DELIVERY SUNDAY SPECIAL LET US SUPPLY THE DESSERT FOR YOUR SUNDAY DINNER Call Webster 6323—ask for the Sunday Special FREE DELIVERY Peoples Drug Store 24th and Erskine Streets WEbster 6323 IT PAID HIM TO ADVERTISE One of the most persisten of success was Robinson Crusoe—and he put up an advertise shirt on a pole, at the top of guage of the sea, was plain t The circulation was small but Crusoe kept at it, despite quiries for a long time. He garment after another was from what he wanted. Suppose Crusoe had taken time and declared—"Advertise he and his story be now? Put up your signal and tised under very discouraging a sure thing—it is only need persistence, and pluck of Ro ship "Better Business" will s—Baltimore Afro-American. of the most persistent advertisers in the was Robinson Crusoe. He knew what he e put up an advertisement for one. He a pole, at the top of his island, that,' in the sea, was plain to every sea-faring m circulation was small—there was no other goose kept at it, despite the fact that he go for a long time. He changed his copy- after another was frayed out—and in the wanted. Goose Crusoe had taken down that signal declared—"Advertising doesn't pay," when his story be now? Up your signal and keep it there. Crusoe order very discouraging circumstances. Yo- thing—it is only necessary to have the face, and pluck of Robinson Crusoe—and letter Business" will soon tie up 'longside y more Afro-American. Advertising Talk One of the most persistent advertisers in the history of success was Robinson Crusoe. He knew what he wanted—and he put up an advertisement for one. He flung a shirt on a pole, at the top of his island, that, in the language of the sea, was plain to every sea-faring man. The circulation was small—there was no other medium but Crusoe kept at it, despite the fact that he got no inquiries for a long time. He changed his copy—as one garment after another was frayed out—and in the end got what he wanted. Suppose Crusoe had taken down that signal after a time and declared—"Advertising doesn't pay," where would he and his story be now? Put up your signal and keep it there. Crusoe advertised under very discouraging circumstances. You've got a sure thing—it is only necessary to have the patience, persistence, and pluck of Robinson Crusoe—and the good ship "Better Business" will soon tie up 'longside your pier.—Baltimore Afro-American. Advertising Talk A hen is not supposed to have Much common sense or tact, Yet every time she lays an egg She cackles forth the fact. A rooster hasn't got a lot Of intellect to show, But none the less most roosters Enough good sense to crow. The mule, the most despised of Has a persistent way Of letting folks know he's aroun By his insistent bray. A rooster hasn't got a lot Of intellect to show, But none the less most roosters have Enough good sense to crow. The mule, the most despised of beasts, Has a persistent way Of letting folks know he's around By his insistent bray. The busy little bees they buzz, Bulls bellow and cows moo. The watch dogs bark, the ganders quack, The doves and pigeons coo. The peacock spreads his tail and squacks, Pigs squeal and robins sing And even serpents know enough To hiss before they sting. But man, the greatest masterpiece That nature could devise, Will often stop and hesitate Before he'll advertise. Merchants who are wise And want our people's trade Use THE MONITOR to advertise And thus their fortune's made. Merchants who are wise And want our people's trade Use THE MONITOR to advertise And thus their fortune's made. HILL-WILLIAMS DRUG COMPANY FOUNTAIN PENS—STATIONERY CIGARS and CANDY Eastman Kodaks and Supplies 2402 Cuming Street Advertise in The Monitor! New Rental Rates on the Columbia Hall 24th and Lake FROM ONE NIGHT TO SEVEN NIGHTS One night, rent.....$25.00 Two nights, rent.....40.00 Three nights, rent.....50.00 Four nights, rent.....60.00 Five nights, rent.....70.00 Six nights, rent.....80.00 Seven nights, rent.....85.00 30% discount to Lodges and Churches. Call Web. 7000, ask C. C. GALLOWAY One who knows values. Phone WEbster 7000 LINCOLN REAL ESTATE AND INSURANCE COMPANY We Buy, Sell and Rent Houses. We Write All Kinds of Insurance. C. C. GALLOWAY MANAGER 2420-22 Lake St. Omaha, Neb. SPECIAL EXT FOR YOUR SUNDAY ER for the Sunday Special LIVERY at advertisers in the history e. He knew what he wanted ment for one. He flung a his island, that, in the lan- every sea-faring man. —there was no other medium the fact that he got no in- changed his copy—as one eyed out—and in the end got in down that signal after a ing doesn't pay," where would keep it there. Crusoe adver- circumstances. You've got nessary to have the patience, inson Crusoe—and the good on tie up 'longside your pier. ing Talk a lot now. st roosters have se to crow. despised of beasts, away he's around bray. wise people's trade t to advertise fortune's made. PAGE THEN WEbster 6323 RADIO Types of Loops Which Can Be Constructed at Small Cost. Admitting that static is a bugbear to radio, it knows no favorite type of self; it affects all, but engineers have designed circuits and methods of reception which at the present stage of development can be termed as highly satisfactory means. One of the greatest steps along these lines is the development of the loop aerial. It is a well known fact that good summer reception can be obtained with the aid of a loop aerial and one or more stages of radio frequency. Even distant signals have been copied in the hottest summer months on certain semi-favorable nights. But to get down to the point of our talk. It has been said that a loop will pick up but 1-10 the signal voltage that could be obtained with the use of an outdoor aerial. If this is so it is easily seen that we must increase or amplify this signal to such a value that it will operate a detector; the method of wiring up and operating a radio frequency amplifier has been published in detail many times, therefore it will not be given now. Our thought is the construction of the loop itself. In laboratories and work accomplished the vast number of radio experimenters different types and sizes of loops have been used, ranging in size from small colls one inch in diameter, honeycomb colls and receiving colls of various tuners up to massive single-turn loops measuring 10 feet on a side. Best Type of Loop. Experiments proved that the best type of loop for use on the broadcasting wave lengths measured about 8% feet on a side and consisted of but a single turn of No. 18 green and yellow single conductor lamp cord. This loop was tuned by means of a .0006 variable low loss condenser and the results accomplished by it fully equaled those obtained with an outdoor aerial measuring 75 feet long. Owing to its awkward dimensions it was impractical for home use. There are, however, smaller and more convenient sizes to handle which will give very good results. The illustrations will give the experimenter an idea of types of loops which can be constructed at a very small cost. Figure 1 shows the loop used in the Sleeper Monotrol receiver. The crosspieces measure 27 inches, or 18½ inches on a side. It is wound with 10 turns of standard flexible loop wire spaced one-half inch apart, the outside turn measuring 18 inches. It is provided with a set of taps, which are connected to the 2d, 4d, 6th, 8th and 9th Removing Transformers This article is a description of a method whereby the formerly immovable A. F. transformers in a receiving set can be moved from one set to another as quickly as a vacuum tube and without disturbing any wiring or loosening and tightening any nuts or binding posts. This arrangement makes the purchase of more than two or three transformers unnecessary. no A.F. Transf. Bus wire Solder Switch stop Bakelite base Rance Bakelite Binding Post Bakelite Fig. 1. Base of set Brass wire spring Fig. 2. Arrangement for Quick Transfer of A. F. Transformers for Test. matter how many different receiving sets the experimenter may use. The scheme, as can be seen from the drawing, consists of mounting the transformers upon separate, identical bases of bakelite or formica on which four contacts made from switch stop pins are fastened. The contacts are wired to the terminals of the transformers. If different makes of transformers are used, be sure the G P B+ Ed F. Morearty Attorney-at-law 700 Peters Trust Building NOTICE TO NON-RESIDENT DEFENDANT To James Price, non-resident defendant: You are hereby notified that on the 17th day of June, 1924, Wiona Price, turns. This arrangement, which is found in no other loop, performs the unique duty of controlling the potential on the grid of the first tube, thereby eliminating the usual potentiometer. The switch does not vary the inductance of the loop. The frequency is only varied by the condenser, which is shunted across its terminals, the lower one of which is connected to the filament and the upper one to the grid of the first tube. Other Kinds of Loops. Another type of loop, of the pancake type, which will afford interesting food for thought is shown in Figure 3. This loop was experimented with by H. G. Silbersdorf of Jersey City, N. J., and has the added feature of being able to not only rotate on its axis but can be tipped to any desired angle as well. Experiments with the use of a resonance wave coll led up to the loop in its present form, and it was found to have certain defined advantages over the average loop. It seems to at least partly solve the great summer question of signal to static ratio. When tipped at certain angles the static is weaker and the signal stronger. The theory is as follows: If radio waves travel parallel to the surface of the earth and static disturbances travel in a more or less perpendicular path to it the adjustment of the pick-up coll can be so arranged to pick up most radio waves, which is at such an angle that it will pick up a minimum of static waves. The crossarms of the loop measure 18 inches each and the outer framework pieces measure 13½ inches each. Thirteen turns are made, which are spaced three-eighths of an inch apart. C-shaped brass angle pieces are fastened to the corners of the outer frame, which serve to support the inner crossarms. The entire loop is tuned by means of a .001 variable condenser. Still another form of loop is shown in Figure 3. This is known as the box type and, while it requires more room to set up, is claimed by many engineers to be more efficient than the ordinary spiral or flat pancake loop. A good size to use for the broadcast waves measures four feet on the arms, the ends of which are provided with bakelite or other insulating material in the slots on which are wound 10 turns of loop wire, five on either side of the lower upright support. Like the other types, it is tuned with a variable condenser and is recommended highly for use with supersensitive receiving instruments, owing to its large dimensions.—New York Evening World. and F terminals are wired to corresponding contacts on the bases to prevent reversed connections as the transformers are moved from socket to socket. The sockets consist of pieces of formica or bakelite cut slightly larger than the transformer bases. On each of these are fitted four binding posts and four "Rasco Sockets" (small size). If the "Sockets" cannot be obtained, cord tip jacks which will accommodate stop pins or the arrangement shown in Fig. 2 may be used. To avoid placing the transformers in the sockets incorrectly, do not arrange the contacts in a square or rectangular formation, but place the primary contacts closer together than the secondary contacts. This idea is also useful in making comparative tests between different transformers, and also the best position in the circuit for different radio transformers. Do Not Shield Panel In connecting up a receiver, whether it be a single-tube "booper" or a six-tube super, always keep the high potential wires away from the panel. If a set is correctly wired in this respect it is not necessary to shield the panel. It is not good practice to shield a panel when not necessary, as the shield forms one plate of a condenser, with the wires that are not at ground potential as the other, and will result in broader tuning. Buy Good Phones The phones are one of the necessities of the radio set. If the phones are poor it will not be possible to receive long distance stations, because the weak current that flows through the telephone windings will not be strong enough to actuate a movement of the diaphragm. Be sure that the phones are of good make and avoid disappointment. your wife, as plaintiff, filed her petition in the District Court of Douglas County, Nebraska, the object and prayer of which petition is to obtain a divorce from you on the grounds of wilful desertion and non-support, and for equitable relief. You are required to answer said petition on or before the 25th day of October, 1924, or said petition against you will be taken as true. WIONA PRICE MACEDONIA IS FOR REPUBLIC MACEDONIA IS FOR REPUBLIC Story of Conditions There Told by Emissary From the People. New York.—A story of conditions in Macedonia, which he ascribes to Serb and Greek domination, has been brought to this country by J. Chkatroff, representative of the Union of the Macedonian Organizations of Bulgaria for the United States and Canada, who arrived here from Sofia recently. The Macedonians, he said, want complete independence and hope that ultimately there will be a Balkan republic, with all Balkan countries federated states. Mr. Chkatroff said he represented approximately 450,000 Macedonians in Bulgaria, who are members of 94 fraternal organizations, 34 societies of youth, a sense of benevolent associations and others. He expects to bring his message of Macedonian hopes to the 60,000 natives of that country in the United States. "In order to understand the causes of the unruly situation in the Balkans and especially in Macedonia, the country which has always been the apple of discord among the Balkan neighbors, one must not forget her struggle for liberty and political independence during the period of the Turkish domination, and the present-day policy of her new conquerors, Serbs and Greeks," he said. "Many years ago the Macedonian people began a bloody revolutionary war, which has lasted already more than a quarter of a century, and this caused on several occasions the European chancelleries to move, and finally in 1912 the Balkan alliance was formed against the Turkish empire. Unfortunately, the first Balkan war, and the following fratricide among the Balkan allies culminating in the Treaty of Bucharest of 1913, instead of creating an independent Macedonia in accordance with the wishes of her people, and thus to establish a permanent peace in the Balkans, divided the country between the three belligerents, Serbia, Greece and Bulgaria. This actually made the Macedonian crisis worse. Errors Are Kept Up. "The last European war which radically changed the map of Europe and which gave us the great principles of self-determination of Woodrow Wilson, did not bring to the Macedonian question its deserved political solution. Macedonia, at that time, was waiting day and night to see those principles applied to her people, so that the latter may be able to freely determine their wishes as to the future of their country. But the Treaty of Peace of Neully (1919) seconded the grave errors committed by the Treaty of Bucharest. "It is true that the great victorious powers imposed upon the governments of Serbia and Greece a treaty for the protection of minorities, which was supposed to guarantee the minimum of political, civil and national rights of the Macedonians. This treaty has now become as valueless as a scrap of paper. The Serbian and Greek governments instead of creating a normal regime in Macedonia as soon as they reoccupied the country after the great war closed by force more than 1,400 Bulgaric-Macedonian schools with 80,000 pupils and more than 4,000 teachers, which were devotedly supported and financed by the local population; seized the Macedonian churches, libraries and cultural institutions; burned all Bulgarian books and killed or banished from the country all of the Macedonian intelligentsia. Nor was the fate of our other compatriots, Turks and Rumanians, in Macedonia a better one. The heavy hefts of the Serbian and Greek tyranny are to be found today on the doors of the closed Rumaniian and Turkish schools and public libraries in Macedonia. In addition to this policy of the Serbian and Greek governments, which is directed against the moral and intellectual institutions of the Macedonian people, following the practice of former Turkish governments, they began to use new means and methods in order to artificially change the ethnographic character of the country; they resorted to a policy of colonization. Today Serbian and Greek authorities deport the native Macedonian population, plunder their property and distribute same among colonists brought from Banat and Asia Minor. To have an idea of the terrible picture one must visit the thousands of recently arrived refugees, flying from Macedonia into Bulgaria, a country economically poor, and see their tortured bodies burned with hot irons or bolling off. "There are two further reasons which aggravate the situation in Macedonia. First, there is a Serbian and Greek administration, whose officers are alien to the people; notorious corruption and sheer force are the only rules in the country, and it seems that the whip is their constitution. One could find out proofs of this by reading Serbian and Greek newspapers. Secondly, the newly created political frontiers tore away the economic bonds between Macedonian cities and districts. Serbian Macedonia has no sea outlet and is gradually dying. Greek Macedonia has no "hinterland," while the remaining part of Macedonia—under Bulgarian authority—has neither sea nor any convenient land communications with the interior of that country, and for this reason, is in a worse condition. The principal economical and political center in Macedonia is Salonik, which has all the advantages of prosperity, yet at present the city gradually, but certainly, is dying. Her people do not see any more the steaming boats, the commerce is deed and the merchants are leaving the town. Pathras and Pareas are rising on her ruins. Bitolia, Prilep, Ochird and many other towns are sharing the same fate. "Under such heavy conditions could the Macedonian people remain quiet With their country torn into pieces could they forget the thousands of THE MONITOR lives sacrificed for the liberty and independence of Macedonia, ever since the days of the Turkish regime? Who could deny the right of the Macedonian to struggle for existence? Who could forbid the Macedonians the fruit of their labors so that the latter may not be plundered by Serbian and Greek authorities and the Macedonian girls and brides may not be insulted by the same? "And the Macedonian did exactly as an American, Frenchman or an Englishman would have done. The whole people were frightened by the terror of the new tyranny and rose up to protest. "Banished from their own country, the Macedonians found refuge in Bulgaria, America, Turkey and Rumania, where they formed strong organizations whose aim is by legal means to obtain liberty for their country. The Macedonian emigrants in all lands, who number more than half a million souls, proclaimed their faith in the traditions of past generations and now appeal continuously to the human conscience of the civilized people in the world for the creation of Macedonia into a free country. Old Revolutionary System. Old Revolutionary System. "Meanwhile in Macedonia proper, after denying the people all rights of carrying a legal political struggle or forming a national political group in the parliament of Belgrade and Athens, they resorted to the only possible action by creating anew the old secret revolutionary organization with its own postal service, courts, militia and efficiently armed military forces, with its own educational and economic policy—in other words, representing a true state organization, mysterious, yet powerful and democratic in spirit, whose ideals are the creation of an independent Macedonia with equal rights for all of her different nationalities, with Saloniki as her capital. "The Macedonians are neither brigands nor breakers of the laws governing public order and safety, when they are ready to sacrifice their lives for the triumph of their ideals, when they gladly go to die in order to defend their wives and children, when they calmly meet death in order to save Macedonia. And in their struggle for right and freedom the Macedonians hope that they may receive the support of all civilized nations and all liberty-loving people." HAS NEW DEVICE TO RECORD QUAKES Greater Accuracy Is Also Promised by Savant. Washington.—The Georgetown university seismological observatory, which in the last 13 years has given to the world first news of many earthquakes, now assures the public that its reports in the future will be even more dependable. The university today has among its instruments a new seismograph, known as the Galitzin vertical seismograph, the only one of its kind on this side of the Atlantic. The special features of this delicate piece of apparatus are magnetic registration and photographic recording, whereby the element of friction in the other types of machines is entirely eliminated. Accordingly, the machine will permit of the recording of many more of the world's quakes and permit of a more accurate interpretation of the writings of a shaking earth. Doctor Sieberg of the Jena seismological station places the number of quakes felt sensibly or instrumentally the world over from 9,000 to 10,000 yearly. Of these in the past only from 90 to 110 have been annually recorded of Georgetown. Father Francis A. Tondorf, director of the observatory, hopes that this number may now reach from 300 to 400. When it first was founded in 1911 the Georgetown observatory had only one seismograph—of the Welchert type. It carried a stationary mass of 80 kilos. The rocking during windstorms of the south tower of the Healy building, in whose base the instruments were at first placed, necessitated their removal to a cave beneath the quadrangle. Father Tondorf inaugurated the work at Georgetown when, in 1910, the International Seismological society requested the Jesuit order, with many colleges in the United States, to establish a chain of stations in this country. M. Lucien San Souci, reporter for a newspaper of Providence, R. I., says he was kidnapped and branded on the arm by members of the Ku Klux klan during a klan meeting near Woon-socket, R. I. San Souci said he overheard a conversation regarding the meeting, and, anxious to get a story for his paper, hurried to the scene. He says he was soiled by about twenty men of the hooded tribe, beaten and then branded. FOR RENT—Nearly furnished room, one block from North Twenty- fourth and Dodge car line. WEbster 5652. Help Wanted WANTED--Colored men to qualify for sleeping car and train porters. Experience unnecessary, transportation furnished. Write T. McCaffrey, Supt, St. Louis, Mo. Miscellaneous Use DENTLO for the teeth. Large tube 25c.—Adv. ED. F. MOREARTY Attorney at Law 700 Peters Trust Buildings NOTICE OF SERVICE BY PUBLICATION To James Mayo Non-President Defendant: You are hereby notified that Theodocia L. Mayo, your wife and the plaintiff herein, filed her petition in the District Court of Douglas County, Nebraska, on the 26th day of May, 1924, to obtain an absolute decree of divorce from you on the grounds of wilful desertion for mure than two years last past, and for non-support. You are required to answer said petition on or before the 27th day of September, 1924. THEODOCIA L. MAYO. 41-8-29-24 W. B. BRYANT, Att'y. PROBATE NOTICE In the Matter of the Estate of Bertha Dixon, Deceased. Notice is Herey Given: That the creditors of said deceased will meet the administratrix of said estate, before me, County Judge of Douglas County, Nebraska, at the County Court Room, in said County, on the 21st day of November, 1924, and on the 21st day of January, 1925, at 9 o'clock A. M., each day, for the purpose of presenting their claims for examination, adjustment and allowance. Three months are allowed for the creditors to present their claims, from the 18th day of October, 1924. LEGAL NOTICE To CLEVE WARDEN, NON-RESIDENT DEFENDANT: You are hereby notified that on the 27th day of May, 1924, Dora Warden filed a petition in the District Court of Douglas county, Nebraska, against you, the object and prayer of which are to obtain a divorce from you on the ground of desertion. You are required to answer said petition on or before the 20th day of October, 1924. DORA WARDEN, Plaintiff. Per W. B. BRYANT, Attorney for Plaintiff. 41-9-12-24 ED. F. MOREARTY Attorney-at-Law 700 Peters Trust Building NOTICE OF SERVICE BY PUBLICATION TO HARRY KING, NON-RESIDENT DEFENDANT: You are hereby notified that Winona King, your wife and the plaintiff here-in, filed her petition in the District Court of Douglas County, Nebraska, June 9th, 1924, to obtain a divorce from you on the grounds of non-support. You are required to answer said petition on or before October 10th, 1924. WINONA KING. 4t9-1-12-24. 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