The Pioneer Press

The Pioneer Press. ESTABLISHED 1882 MILLIONS TO BUY BELGIANS FOOD Commission's Report is That Fifty Millions. Will be Required. Excerpts from the latest London report of the Commission for Relief in Belgium, received at the offices of the commission in New York, 71 Broadway, show more completely than anything hitherto published the castness of the commission's work in Holland and Belgium. The report snows that up to April 3 the cost of food and clothing sent by the commission for relief in Belgium to Rotterdam in the commission's ships, and distributed by the commission throughout Belgium, and the cargoes arranged for in the United States, amount to $49,174,519.50. The total of food and nothing already shipped and arranged for shipment is 668,082 tons, or 1,496,533,680 pounds. The amount of foodstuffs required to keep the Belgian population alive has steadily increased since hostilies began, and the present monthly hipments absolutely necessary, aside from the little quantity of potatoes and vegetables obtainable are as follows: Wheat or its equivalent in flour, 60,000 tons; rice, 10,002 tons; peas and beans, 5,000 tons; bacon and lard, 1,200 tons; preserved meat, 200 tons; preserved fish, 1,200 tons; ondensed milk, 300 tons. There probably remain in Belgium about 7,000,000 persons, and of these about 1,500,000 are entirely destitute. The other 5,500,000 still have some sources, and from social, as well as financial reasons, it would be foolish to provision them without payment, nor do they wish otherwise than for no opportunity to pay for what they receive. The provisioning department of the commission furnishes to the Belgians who can afford to pay exactly the same rations that are supplied to the destitute, who receive their food absolutely free of charge; and although nearly one and one-half billions of pounds of food have been shipped by the commission, or will be shipped by it at an early date, this vast amount of food is only sufficient to give each person about one-half of a soldier's ration per day, that is to say, about 10 ounces of food. Bread is supplied to the Belgian population t a slightly lower cost than is charged for bread in London. It is necessary that all of the food purchased by the commission for distribution in Belgium should come from the United States, or at least from a neutral country, owing to the absolute prohibition placed on the export of foodstuffs from any of the European countries. Every pound of food must go first to Rotterdam, where the food is trans-shipped into the large fleet of lighters under control of the commision, and these are towed down the canals to the principal warehouses of the commission, which are situated throughout Belgium and Northern France. There are 12 of these principal warehouses in Belgium, and the commission is engaged in establishing several more in Northern France. From these warehouses the foodstuffs are reshipped to detailed destinations. The cost of the importation of foodstuffs mounts at present to about 1,500,000 pounds sterling, or $7,275,000 per month. Rhubarb Pie. Peel the rhubarb and cut quite fine. Cover the pie plate with good rich crust. Fill with the rhubarb heaping it in the center. Add one cupful of sugar mixed with two tablespoonsful of flour. Some like to add a little grated nutmeg. Cover with an upper crust, cutting a slit in the com AMERICAN FISH IS VALUABLE AS EVER European Markets Are Now Open and the Exports Are Enormous. In spite of the fact that there are great sections of the United States where fish is used sparingly, the output of American fisheries is as valuable as that of any country in the world. The total production in 1908, the latest year for which complete statistics are available, was somewhat in excess of 1,898,000,000 pounds. If to this are added a considerable excess of imports over exports and a reasonable increase in the catch since 1908, it seems likely that the per capita consumption of fish in the United States now exceeds 30 pounds a year. This is not quite half the per capita consumption in Great Britain, but it is much larger than that of most countries and indicates a very large consumption in the districts where fish is looked upon as an essential part of the diet, so large, in fact, that in seasons of unusually heavy catches it is impossible to increase the consumption sufficiently to use up the surplus fish. At such times greater efforts are made to sell to the inland districts and, to some extent, abroad. With a view to assisting the exporters of American fish and fish products in their efforts to find an outlet abroad the Bureau of Foreign and Domestic Commerce, of the Department of Commerce, has published a report entitled "European Markets for Fish." According to this report our exports abroad heretofore have consisted principally of canned salmon—an American product that is favorably known throughout the entire world. The total exports of all kinds average about $11,000,000 a year, and of this total, canned salmon is valued at $7,000,000, fresh salmon at something over $1,500,000, dried, smoked, cured, and pickled fish at $1,000,000, and shelfish at very nearly $1,000,000. The war has, of course, made some differences in the exports. The most serious dislocation of the trade occurred immediately after the beginning of hostilities, but later a good recovery was made and the value of exports since has been almost normal, canned salmon gaining and shellfish falling off. "European Markets for Fish" contains detailed import statistics for nearly every country in Europe and thus affords a means of determining the importance of each market and the kind of fish that finds the most favor. These statistics have been compiled from the original suorces by the bureau and are the most valuable feature of the report. There are also complete statistics for the United States, including a evry detailed table of American exports. The report is published as Miscellaneous Series No. 35 and may be purchased from the Superintendent of Documents, Government Printing Office, Washington, at 5 cents a copy. ter. Bake in a quick oven. If the juice threatens to overflow in spite of the flour used roll a sheet of glazed note paper in a small tube and push it down through the center until it almost touches the lower crust. Do not remove until the pie has partly cooled. Energy invariably gives a man a reputation of being lucky. KEEP ON SWATTING IS THE ONLY RULE KEEP ON SWATTING IS THE ONLY RULE Should Be No Letup In the Crusade Against Germ-Carrying Fly. After the fly season begins and some of the little fellows become very affectionate and seem almost as though they were household pests, it does appear sometimes that it is too cruel for anything to kill them. They look inoffensive, but the truth of the matter is that they wear sheep's clothing. They are wolves in disguise. That may sound rather ridiculous to those of us who are acquainted with flies and know thoroughly what their personal appearance is. However, the doctors and sanitarians of Martinsburg will corroborate the statement. Flies should be trod upon with the foot or with the palm of the hand as mercilessly as the soldier turns the handle of the Gatling. The swatters should have their regular field days and give no rain checks or declare postponements. If possible they should work double-headers and give the flies reductions for attendance upon the extra bill. At the same time that active, destructive measures are being taken against the flies which are in the flesh and looking at you, it should not be forgotten that preventive measures must be continued without the letup of an instant. It is likely a thoughtless, but nevertheless general impression that there is but one breeding time for the flies, namely, in the spring; that they bred then and that the flies we see were all born in April or May. That is not true. New generations of flies are being born the live-long summer through, and just when you think you have rid the house of the grand-daddies, the god-children come in through a hole in the pantry screen. The thing to do is to keep swatting and keep preventing, too. Wage a fast and furious campaign against the little breeders of typhoid that will make them tell their descending to leave your place alone. "Lots of pep," the baseball watchword, is a good one in the anti-fly crusade. Its middle name is, SWAT THE FLY. TREASURER LONG WILL PAY MONEY Has Sufficient Cash to Take Care of Proper Expenses-Lifts the Moratorium. State Treasurer E. L. Long has announced that the moratorium which has been in effect over the state fund the treasury since March 17 will be lifted today for the payment of all claims up to May 1 amounting to about $119,000. In this connection he said, "although in the last week we have paid claims on the treasury amounting to about $90,000 and repaid the $100,000 loan borrowed from the workmen's compensation fund with interest, beginning today we will pay all claims on the treasury up to May 1. This will include the salaries of state employees, the running expenses of state institutions, and the ordinary expenses of the state, leaving us only 11 days behind in the payment of all charges against the treasury." This is made possible, he said, by the large collection of state taxes in the last few days. M. B. HON. HARRY C. SMITH EDITOR, LEGISLATOR AND A THOROUGH RACE MAN—HIS PUBLIC CAREER. A native of West Virginia, Hon. Harry C. Smith, the subject of this sketch has lived for half a century in Ohio—at Cleveland, where he secured his education in the public schools of that city. It was in August 1883 that Mr. Smith and three other members of the race started The Cleveland (O) Gazette which he has edited and managed from the beginning, and owned for more than twenty-five years. It is the one race weekly newspaper in this country that has been issued every week on time since its birth—thirty-two years ago, and has done such good, consistent and constant work for our people that it is known to Afro-American readers throughout the country as one of our truest and best race newspapers and advocates, and its editor as one of our most aggressive and successful race leaders. When Senator Joseph Benson Foraker was governor of Ohio, many years ago, he caused Harry C. Smith to be appointed a deputy state oil inspector, the first time in their history our people had been so honored in this country. This position he held for four years. In 1893, Mr. Smith was elected a member of the Ohio Legislature; in 1895 and 1899 he was re-elected to a second and third term, serving six years in all. His most conspicuous work as a legislator, in the interest of our people, was the passage of Ohio's Civil Rights' law, in 1894, and Ohio's Anti-Lynching law in 1896. New York State's "Malby" Civil Rights' law and Illinois' Anti-Lynching law are largely copies of Ohio's. Illinois and Ohio are the only two states in the Union that have effective laws against mob violence, and both were introduced by Afro-American legislators. Editor Smith, though a member of the Legislature, and a very busy one, too, continued his newspaper work. In recent years,thrice Mr. Smith has successfully called upon the State Railroad commissioner of Ohio, to stop southern railroads from running coaches, bearing "jim crow" car signs, into Ohio, and only a few years ago led the fight that killed a vicious anti-intermarriage bill that, as a law. CANCELS SAILING OF MAURETANIA Cunard Company Was to Have Sent Out Lusitania's Sister May 29. LONDON, May 12.—The sailing of the Cunard line steamer Mauretania, sister ship of the Lusitania, advertised for May 29, has been cancelled. The Mauretania recently had been doing duty as an auxiliary cruiser in the British navy and it also has been reported that she has been used as a transport for troops. It had been the intention of the Cunard line to have the vessel resume her regular passenger service between New York and Liverpool. She was to have begun a fortnight service, alternating with the Lusitania. would have harmed most of our young women of his state. Recently, again leading the fight, and splendidly upheld by Ohio's brilliant and aggressive governor, ExCongressman Frank B. Willis who was a colleague of U. S. Senator W. G. Harding of Ohio and Hon. Harry C. Smith in the Ohio legislature in 1900, the latter was able to shut out of that state the infamous photo-plays, "The Nigger," and "The Birth of a Nation." There is so much that we might write relative to the subject of this sketch—for so many years the unquestioned leader of our people of Ohio—that we deem it best to close with the following: PRESIDENT W. S. SCARBOROUGH'S TRIBUTE. Speaking of Mr. Smith's paper, "The Gazette," Dr. Scarborough, president of Wilberforce, O., University, wrote, a short time ago. This paper has proven a success and is now by far the best colored paper published in the State of Ohio and is one among the best edited by colored journalists, in the United States. It is vigorous in tone, fearless in its defense of right, a strong advocate of equal rights to all men without any distinction, an uncompromising enemy of prejudice in all its forms, and a staunch Republican in politics with principle rather than expediency as the basis. Mr. Smith has always wielded a fearless and able pen for right and truth. He has fought squarely in behalf of his race, demanding for it recognition wherever denied. No other proof of this is needed than The GAZETTE itself!" H O N. FREDERICK DOUGLASS' TRIBUTE. Hon. Frederick Douglass wrote a few years prior to his death. "In the midst of hurried preparations for a long tour in Europe I snatch my pen and spend a few moments to tell you how completely I sympathize with your political attitude." Then again he adds: "I do exhort your readers to stand by you in your efforts to lead the colored citizens of Ohio to wise and successful political action." Though at times Mr. Smith has been severely criticised, he has never varied from what he considered his duty. The Dionect ress Devoted to the Moral, Religious and Financial Development of Humanity. RATES OF £UBSCRIPTION: D YOO oo... eee e cence eee es $1.60 6 months ................ 750, 3 months ................. 400. Pay for all advertisements is Oe in advance unless advertising is run by yearly contract, in which case the ad- vertiser pays every three :cuths Advertising 1 inch one time Toc. Standing: ccvcrsscswsvtes. BOC Reduced Rates to Clubs. fend fo Sample Coples. Entered in Post Office at Martina- burg, W. Va. «:s Second Class Matter. J W& Ciford, Editor and Proprietor. Drawer 869, and Bell ‘Phone 0K, Martinsburg, W. Va. BATURDAY. MAY 15, 1915. The West) Virginia Collegiate Institute has our thanks for an in- Vitation to attend the commence- ment exercises, May 23, 1915, at 2 P.M The best test of a good white manor woman is the devotion cach manifests to their darker skinned common brothers and sisters; trom the faet,it borders on Jesus Christ's devotion to all ‘The Pioncer Press thinks, that ofall the Presidents of this coun- try, Andrew Johnson excepted , Woodrow Wilson clected as the vreat head picce to think and aet forthe sood of this country, excels all for “watehful waiting’ and aeting only when the public pulse is strained that way Life, as fur asimen and women are concerned, “is a disease of which sleep is an alleviation, and death the only cure.” said a preat philosopher. \We take it for grant ed that caste gave birth tothis thought, for they carry that to their graves—bar others from being buried in their cemetery. Possibly others buried here and) there, may find their way to the clysian fields. Let us forget and forgive, while waiting the judgment day. Politics, prejudice and perjury have ruined this country. — Scoun- drels—called men may swear ine nocent men’s liberties away with seeming impunity; politicians may lie to, and deceive the voters and when clected legislate to their det- riment—return to them again and repeat the same deception. And last but not least, prejudice the meanest. thing on God's green carth—stenchy and slimy before high heaven is deceney’s arch foc. Getting a fine letter from Judge John W. Mason full of the old time brotherly ring and $6 for the Pion cer Press, and one from that mateh- less scholar, lawyer and statesman —Prof. W. HH. Richards of the law department of Howard University with a contribution and compli ments for the Pioncer Press, brings to our fond recollections cxcellent letters and big contributions from Hons, Frederick Douglass, John M. Langston, Bo K. Bruce and the world’s noted christian and scholar, Dr. Alexander Crummell. Both the dead and the living are loved by ne “The latest finding anent the mouth and hoof disease is that hogs get it from drinking skimmed milk. Farmers, for time out of mind have been feeding their hogs all of that kind of food they had. Do the sei entists want hogs fed cream and milk? Why is it hogs for all time past have not had the mouth and hoof disease from drinking skimmed milk? Is it not a fact that our'hog and cattle scientists are at sea as\ito thé cause? If not, why can't they cure them? The best thing farmers ‘can do is to separate their sick stock and try to,cure them. It can be done, and it does not require pow- der and lead todo it. | ‘The Pioneer Press foresees the Wisdom of Japan going into China, as it does of all the talked of chris tian civilization going into Africa. ‘From the very fact that the opening of gold mines, establishments of governments, building of railroads etcetera, will, in time, as ‘slavery did us, enlighten the Africans and in God’s own time they will be theirs. China needs, above all other things, Japan's advanced thoughts and power to protect it- self. You are half “‘niggers,’’ as was the Filipinos styled, and we are whole ones in the eyes of the |Caucasians, and it may be God's work to, in his own time, make us all brothers beloved. His will not ours be done. | Negroes in the United States,”’ in the tithe of “Bulletin 129.77 It purports to not only tell how many Nexroes are in’ this country. but blackens the pictured states where- in they live. Why single the Ne eis and class all. foreigners lamong the pale-faced peop le— shoe delight is in calling them selves white when they are not But to the point. Fifty years from now instead of the booklet being a blackened disgrace to us, as no doubt is its purpose, it) will be a black bloton America, and that ane willeurse it. They the book lets ouyht to be pathered togeth- er every one of them, and a ber fire of jubilee be made of then As to the war over the sea, our love is for France and sympathy for Germany. England is no frictd and never las been to America. She tried her best to crush ous — in our infaney, aided and abetted the destruction of our union and the wickedness of slavery. | Germany is square on the rights of men re- gardless of the color of their skins, and the foremost nation on earth. If it takes the combined world — to erush Germany, the same will be compelled to praise her as the greatest fighters the world has ever had or known. Sad indeed is the destruction of the souls on the Lus- itania, but they were warned to keep off of her, and its probable that it will hurry intervention. 11 she carried war ammunition, as is said, where is our right for inter- vention? Ifthe decent white people of Charles Town could have seen the ridiculous conduct on the cars of the gang that swore Dr. Wain- wright and Mr. Hughes sold them whiskey, they would unite to get rid of them. ‘They had plenty of whiskey and one was dead) drunk and we had a B. & O. official note it, and he agrees tobe summoned. ‘True they accomplished their ma jor purpose—getting the govern- tment money ,but we accomplished more. Hon. S$. W. Walker, United States District Attorney not only sent the cases back to Martinsbury for trial,but declared that he would not stand for the government being robbed that way, and pledged his word and honor in open court to send the gang to the penitentiary if we can prove they swore to lics —that we can and will do Don't believe there can be found in any city, town or hamlet, in the United States were they put to the test Sodom and Gomorroh were, would be destroyed for the lack of cnough good white people. When in Wheeling a year ago, we saw a young white woman pass the United States Court House with her arm encircled around an old blind Negro’s arm, leading him to her church. The crowd eyed her, ana some gentlemen took off their hats, while others praised her. Last week while there, we saw another, with her hand grasped to a little colored boy’s hand, taking him to see an Indian play. Mr. A. L. Jackson said: Mr. Clifford see that. She 1s devoted to that child. His mother lived with her family and she cares for that little boy. She loves him tenderly and takes him wherever she gocs, and will not allow him to be illy treated. God give us more like these two noble women. A thousand of such in West Virginia would wipe off o the statute books every black law, and West Virginia would be a God blessed state. The temperance fanatics of America are rejoicing over the lords of war abroad, who have de- nicd the poor fool soldiers whiskey. ‘The bloody war—uscless war *-is a thousand times worse than the ure of whiskey. The war lords at home drink theirs daily—the poor starving, sick and dying and those fighting in trenches of mud, water and snow, must net have it) ch? To the infernal regions with such hypocrisy. Why feign Godliness in whiskey temperance and boldly advocate in- justice in-scores of other things? Most of our temperance fanatics must forcibly represent our dirty politicians, in that they court) the Negro’s vote, and then assign him his place. Also they are so. socia- ble before clection, but iey and dis tint afterward. Caste is ten times worse than drinking whiskey. If the temperance people are so righteous. why don’t they combine their fight on prejudice along with temperance? That they are de ecived is plainly seen in their con demnation of whiskey, which is pure and harmless as an angel and goes to no home, and is one of the best of medicines in the world. In- stead of deerying whiskey, why not decry and reform the ‘fools who abuse it? They are the ones to work on, Instead the methods adopted add debauchery to de- bauchery. ‘The homes, the schools and Sunday Schools should center their united forces on children — the | only way to make a sober nation. While in Wheeling, the city of our carly manhood, many familiar faces were seen. It's always pleas- ant to shake the glad hand of our old comrade Mr. H. B. Clemens, whose'smiles recall the fond days of the carly 70's. Of course we called on Mr. and Mrs. George Hollinger, who for the past 25 years have lived in Lincoln, Nebraska. ‘They both look well and are the embodiment jot morality and goodness—long ;may they live. Wheeling has a ifine restaurant owned and run by Mr. and Mrs. William Harris, who are as anxious to please as any per- sons we ever saw. The hand of Dr, Stillyard, Wheeling’s first: Ne- gro councilman was squeezed along with many others. Doctors and dentists, fine school teachers, ete., add much to the star city of West Virginia. Itis safe to say, that there is not another town or city in this state that can boast of a finer all around manly man than Mr. A. L. Jackson. Rich in reason, clean in character and loved by the best people in Wheeling. More about him and his business next week. Ye cditor found, as he always does, unspeakable pleasure in call- ing on Editor Ogden, West Virgin- ia’s brainiest editor and its next governor. Also Mr. W. H. Brooks, the courteous elevator man in the post office. He has a fine memory and looks the picture of health. Wish space would allow us to naine all, but rest assured you have a warm spot in our heart. HELLISH GUTRAGE, DECLARES SUNDAY PATTE..SON, N. J., May 10.—‘It Germaay iesorts to such dirty, black, biratieal outrages under the name of warfare ten to hell with Germany, and to hell with aay nation th inks en in nt ship bearier ncn combatant mnen, women and chill: ren!” Hyvery word burning with indigua tion, “Billy Sunday" thes expressea his sentiments on the sinking of the Lusitania. “Oh, I can't find worcs to cxpre what I feel over this hellish outrag? he burst forth sudgeniy. “1 haya’ cslopt all might. thinking about it Wholesale murder! Terrible, terrible, terrible. I'l tell you," he cried sud- denly, “America is'nt going to stand for it. The American poo ‘eax : to arouse, but there's a Limit. Amer icaus have been keeping quiet and holding their feelings in. check, be cause President Wilson asked them to, but they can't stand this. When a hellish sort of an act such as this comes to their knowledge they won't stand idly by. Oh, I wouldn't mind it ee much.” he burst out again, “if it had been a battleship, prepared tm warfare, with none but men, sighting men, aboard her. But this awful, piratical, hellish business of sending a hidden explosive to. stab the vitals of a merchant ship, and to drown its passengers—oh! words frail me when T try to talk about it. eo enormity of the thing staggers me BALDWIN GUILTY IS JURY'S ViRDICT After being out approximately one half hour, the jury in the W. F. Bald- win case, which has held the center the stage in United States court at Wheeling the past several days, re- ‘uumned a verdict Monday of guilty, as charged in the indictment, with a recommendation for clemeney. Following the announcexrent of the verdict by the jury, Attorney Sam 0. Boyse, who so ably and stubbornly fought for the defendant, made a mo- aba for a new trial. Jadge Dayton announced that he take the matter un- der consideration and make his deci- sion today. Until today, it is understood Bald- win's fine and sentence were with- held. Under the penal code a person guilty of having counterfeit coins in his possession for the purpose of Passage is subjected to a penitenti- ery sentence of from one day to 10 years and a fine of from one cent to $5,000, SUPT. C. L. FRENCH Head of the Cumberland Division Will Probably Not Recover C. Lee French, superintendent of the Cumberland division, Baltimore and Ohio railroad, is critically ill at the Church Home and Infirmary Bal- timore, where he has been a patient tor several weeks. Mrs. French hag been with him almost constantly. Mr. French is suffering from an affection of the blood and little hope is held out for his recovery. The red cor- puscles of the blood have tumed white. His condition is said to be ue to overwork, Judging from the persistency with which they keep out of the war, we begin to suspect that the German and British naval fleets are neutral.— Manchester Union. bs ‘iam Thomas, the Richland negre, eon victed in the criminal court at Wheeling of the murder of his wife. Matt Jarrell, another condemned murderer, is under sentence to hang on Frid-y, July 9. Jarrell, who is a white des. crado of Kanawha county, ecav..ied of the murder of Salis a deputy sheriff, while the lat- ‘er Was attempting to arrest him, rel is a cripple, having lost a leg mber of years ago. The doomed mand Nanse his victim both serv. nienees in the penitentiary i by a military court : ek and Cabin 1 strike. JUSTINIAN, EMPEROR AND LAW GIVER, WAS RORN 1432 YEARS AGO Te LG ie | ect lost oe: eee) | eee | oe the most famous of the rulers of eastern Roman cupire, although by birth he was a barbarian. His: teriams give May 4, 482. as the date ot his birth, He took his name from + “ho bad adopted nh osiarted him on the road which finally led to success. Of his ty career there is very little hKiown. When still a young man he reecived an excellent education at Constantinople. When his uncle as- cended the throne, A. D. 518, the nephew became a person of gFeat con- sequence, guiding, especially in church matters, the policy of this aged, childless and ignorant mon- areh. When Justin died, in 527, Jus- tinian succeeded to the throne with- out opposition. His reign was filled with great events both at home and abroad, in peace and in war. It fs as a legis- lator and simplifier of law that his name is most familiar to the modern world. [le found the law of the em- pire in a state of great confusion. It consisted of two masses, named as the old law and the new law. The writings were so numerous that no ceuplete collection of them existed, Immediately after his succession Justinian appointed 4 commission to revise the imperial constitution. Promulgation of Constitution. The Codex constitution was formal- ly promuigated and enacted as ono Breat consolidating statute abott one year after Justinian’s succession. All iipermal ordinances not included in i were repealed at one stroke. The success of this experiment enconreg- ed the emperor to attempt the more iiiacuit tel uriee « ephitwans and digesiing the older law. ‘Tne work © dit was consolilated and abridg- ed. fie made extracis from existing laws, preserving tho eld words, merte- ly cutting out repetitions, removing contradictions and retrenching super- fluties so as to reduce greatly the bulk of the whole. As no foreign sovereign preceding Justinian had been so much interest ed in churek affairs, so none seemed to have shown so much activity as @ prosecutor of both heathen and heretic. He renewed, with additional stringency, the laWs against ° both these classes. The efforts directed against them resulied in the forcible baptism of 70,000 persons in Asia Miner atone Justinian during his reign was en- gaged in three great foretgn wars, two of his own seeking and a third a legacy that nearly every emperor had come into for three centuries-- the secular strife of Rome and Per- sta. Influenced By His Wife. Justinian, during the 38 years of his reign, was a ruler of high ability, wonderful activity of mind and tire- less industry. He contrived schemes quickly and pushet them with an energy that made them succeed. Al- though vain and full of — self-confi- dence, he was easily led by those who knew how to influence him, and particularly by his wife, Theodora’s influence over him was not for good. She seems to havea heen a wamen Shrek \ Pils ee Gil Fe had Sk oe Cia cdc eee we el LOLL NEWS Mr. James Jones, of Luray, Va., is circulating among friends in our city for a while. The Violet Club Girls will give another one of their popular dances at Spears' Hall on next Thursday night. Gregory Heid. Marshall Gregory, who is charged with relieving John Linfield of $60 in money and a watch valued at $4, was given a hearing before Justice Harry S. Thompson Tuesday evening. He was held to await the action of the next grand jury. Mr. Jack Johnson, who has been watching the construction camp of Harrison & Company, Incorporated, since it has been located in this city, will leave in a few days for a point in Pennsylvania, where the firm which employs him has got a big contract. Being very friendly, people here are sorry to see him go. The dead body of Mrs. Annie Rogers was found at her home on West Martin Street last Saturday night. Her remains were viewed by the coroner, who deemed an inquest unnecessary. Funeral services over the deceased were held at the M. E. Church on Tuesday afternoon, Rev. Samuel M. Beane officiating. Mrs. Rogers is survived by two sons, four brothers and three sisters, who have our sympathy in their loss. Mrs. Margaret Warfield, of Harper's Ferry, died at her home in that place on Thursday last, following a long illness. The deceased lady was an individual of whom it may be very truthfully said that her death, at a time when she had just reached the prime of life will leave an aching void in the community where she, by her exemplary life and general excellence had won hosts of friends. Mrs. Warfield was a devoted wife and fond parent, and the bereaved husband, as well as the seven children left by her will miss the sweet companionship of a woman who impressed all with whom she came in contact as the soul of honor. Her funeral was held in Curtis Free Baptist Church, on Sunday last, and was attended by a large concourse of friends. The officiating clergyman was Rev. S. Beane of this city. MAY PAY $2,000,000 IN LIFE INSURANCE The reports of various life insurance companies as to the losses they suffered through the Lusitania disaster show, according to the latest issue of the Insurance Press, that claims amounting to more than $1,000,000 already have been filed. It is expected that this amount may be doubled, the periodical says. The Travellers' Insurance Company of Hartford is the heaviest loser, and will have to pay in accident policies $400,000. The Aetna is next, with about $250,000. The Equitable, on straight life policies, loses $211,300. A lucky escape was had by the Fidelity and Casualty of New York. A rescued passenger had a policy for $40,000. This company, however, has $10,000 in other claims. The Pacific Mutual Life of Los Angeles loses $45,000. The Royal Indemnity of New York has $15,000 in claims. Two policies for $21,000 represent the liability of the Berkshire Life of Pittsfield. The Massachusetts Mutual of Springfield will have to pay $21,000 to the heirs of one individual. The Metropolitan of New York thus far has only one claim, for $500. The Mutual Benefit of Newark has a single liability of $3,000. The New York Life has $73,000 to pay. Among others are: National Life, $5,000; Penn Mutual of Philadelphia, $2,000; Provident Life and Trust of the same city, $5,000. The Prudential of Newark has no claims filed yet, but expects to be obliged to pay between $40,000 and $50,000. COMMISSION WILL HEREAFTER HAVE CHARGE OF INSANE President of County Court, the Prosecuting Attorney and County Clerk to Act. MAGISTRATES WILL NO LONGER HAVE POWER New Law Means Big Saving to the People as New Commission Must Serve Without Pay—Law Becomes Effective May 20—A Radical Departure. One of the most important changes in the statutes of West Virginia made by the recent legislature was that relating to insane people and their commitment and care. This laws goes into effect on May 20, and effects radical changes in the old lunacy procedure, removing the right of commitment from the hands of the magistrate and placing it in the hands of a county lunacy commission composed in each county of the president of the county court, the prosecuting attorney and the county clerk, before whom all lunacy investigations must be conducted. Heretofore lunacy commitments have been made by justices of the peace and it has been charged that the practice has in many places and many instances been grossly abused so that senility was sometimes represented as insanity and people were committed to hospitals who had no claim upon the state for this care. The new law changes the old procedure in that the commission instead of summoning one physician. law indicates, with such other wif nesses as may be required. This is a progressive statute and put West Virginia on an equality in the matter of dealing with those accused of insanity, with New York and other ad vanced commonwealths. This week there was a meeting at Charleston attended by Governor Hattfield, the members of the board of control, Dr. C. W. Halterman, of Weston, Dr. Gathrie, or Huntington, and Dr. Barlow, of Spencer, at which there was a discussion of the changing of the rules and regulations of the several state hospitals to make them conform with the provisions of the new law which differs in several material points, besides that on commitment, from the one now in effect. For instance, it has heretofore been necessary for the board of control to act officially before a patient might be discharged from one of the hospitals. This power is now vested in the medical staff of the institution in which th persn affected is an inmate. Formerly, if a patient escaped, a warrant for his arrest could only be issued by the president of the state board of control. Now this power is vested in the superintendent of the institution. Two of the provisions of the new law are regarded as especially wise and humane. The first is that, under certain conditions a patient may be admitted to one of the hospitals upon his volition and without the necessity of a lunacy inquest. The second is that in proper cases patients may be paroled without the formality of a discharge. It is also provided that patients may be released on bond without application to the board of control as heretofore. The new lunacy commission must serve without pay. Warrants may be issued by any member of the commission, but at least two of the three must sit in each investigation. J. R. CLIFFORD MARTINSBURG, WEST VIRGINIA Practices in all the Courts of West Virginia, the Supreme Court of Appeals and the United States Courts. APRIL AND MARCH INSURANCE REPORT Department of Auditor's Office State Fire Loss for February Was $84,083. The April and March bulletin just issued from the insurance department of the auditor's office at Charleston shows a damage by fire loss during February of $84,085 to property valued at $394,590 insured to the amount of $243,475. Regarding the elimination of fire hazards, the report says: This is the season of the year to have a general clean up of fire hazards. About the premises of every person there will accumulate during the winter months more or less rubbish which are real menaces. At this time, a general clean up is beneficial for reasons of health, as well as to prevent the deadly fire. Persons who are fortunate enough to own automobiles are especially warned against the innocent looking oiled and greasy rags which are carelessly thrown into one corner, or into the handy box or barrel. They are deadly as the adder. If the school teachers would instill into the minds of their pupils the great good to be done, both sanitary and along the line of fire prevention, in getting them interested in clearing away all rubbish about their homes, a great good could be accomplished and many fires prevented. The fire waste in this state reaches the enormous proportions of approximately $200,000 per month. Did you ever stop to consider that this can never be replaced? This is actual wealth, put out for all time, and with just a little care and precaution, a per cent could be saved. The fires that could be prevented by care and the deadly fire bug, amount to least 75 per cent of this vast total. HOMES FOR RURAL TEACHERS. A permanent home, provided by the school community for rural-school teachers, is giving great satisfaction where it is in vogue, according to arold W. Foght in a bulletin just issued by the U. S. Bureau of Educan. While out of 3,000 teachers replying to Mr. Foght's inquiries only 73 live in homes provided by the community, the bulletin shows that teachers who have such homes find it possible to become permanent community leaders. "In the few communities reporting permanent homes," declares the bulletin, "the teachers are usually able to project the school into the home and draw the home close to the school. Where teachers' cottages are provided, these, aside from making the teachers' own lives more attractive, naturally become rallying HOTEL POWHATAN WASHINGTON D.C. HOTEL OF AMERICAN IDEALS In a city where good hotels abound, the Powhatan heads the list. It is first in the hearts of its countrymen. The Powhatan is refined, exclusive, and restful. Its excellent location on Pennsylvania Avenue, 18th and H Streets, makes it a desirable headquarters for bridal couples, tourist parties, conventions, Schools and colleges. The Powhatan attracts the people of culture and education. Its proximity to State, War and Navy Departments, also to many points of historical interest, makes this hotel especially attractive to a discriminating public. The Powhatan offers rooms with detached bath at $1.50, $2.00 and up. Rooms with private bath, $2.50, $3.00 and up. SECURITY CEMENT MD LIME BERKELEY PRODUCTS BERKELEY WVA DOCUMENT If you are building a temporary structure with the expectation of tearing it down within a few years, by all means use wood. BUT---If you are building a permanent structure, Use Concrete. Our Engineering Department will gladly furnish information on methods of concrete construction for any kind of structure. We also make crushed stone in all sizes fo Concrete work. CONCRETE FOR PERMANENCE SECURITY FOR CONCRETE Ask Your Dealer Security Cement & Lime Co. HAGERSTOWN, MARYLAND. GERATY'S FROST-PROOF FREE CABBAGE PLANTS tough, hard, and fairly long advantage is that you can plant them in fields or on the six weeks earlier than home-grown plants, which means solid heads three or four weeks earlier. These "Frost-Proof" plants are guaranteed to stand a temperature of ten degrees or more. Geraty's "Frost-Proof" Cabbage plants are hardier, better, and worth more than the ordinary plants. We are so sure of this that we agree to refund the full value of the plants-25 cents for fifty-if they are not satisfactory and do not produce earlier and better heads than you grow from other plants—you to be the judge. Geraty's "Frost-Proof" Cabbage plants will be shipped direct to you from Yonges Island at the proper time for planting in your territory. Send us the coupon with the price of the subscription; we will order the plants. If you want 100 of the above plants send us One Dollar for one year's subscription to the PIONEER PRESS either new or renewal subscription one year in advance, together with the coupon below filled out, and we will have the plants sent to you by mail ABSOLUTELY FREE. If you want more than 100 we will send you 100 additional for each and every subscription you send in, either of your neighbor or some friend that is now living away. :0:COUPO:) 1915 Pioneer Press: Enclosed find $1.25 for One Year's Subscription in advance. Please send 100 of it. Mr. Ship about 1915. Send paper to centers for all community activities." The investigations of Mr. Foght reveal that in rural United States the average time for each public-school teacher to remain in any one school is less than two school years of 140 days each. "This average." says the bulletin, "is very much less for a majority of the teachers, the few permanent, professional teachers alone bringing it up close to the two year level." As the average age when teaching is begun is 19 years, and the average number of years taught is only 6 1-2, the bulletin's statistics show that the rural public schools of the country are taught largely by young uncarried people who have no idea of following teaching as a profession The conclusions of Mr. Foght are: 'So long as teachers continue to be peripatetics, the best results in community leadership, can not be expected. A change from amateur to professional teaching in the rural schools would be hastened by giving the teacher a salary that would enable him to provide comfortably for his family, and by compelling the community, through legal enactment to crect a teacher's cottage in close proximity to every school plant." WEST VIRGINIA MAKES A RECORD Reports receive dby the Hon. Samuel B. Montgomery, grand keeper of the records and seals, show that West Virginia outdistanced every other domain in the gain in membership in the Knights of Pythias durthe past year. West Virginia was first with a gain in membership of 3,092; Pennslyvania was second with 2,266; Ohio third with, 2,112, and Michigan fourth with 1,026. In the past five years West Virginia also leads with membership gain of 6,120; Michigan is second with 6,038; Pennslyvania third with 5,304, and Ohio fourth with 5,249. Considering that West Virginia has a population of only 1, 300,000, the record for gain in membership in this state is considered remarkable. building a tem- structure with tearing it down by all means use wood. building a permanent crete. ing Department will gladly on methods of concrete y kind of structure. rushed stone in all sizes fo FOR PERMANENCE TY FOR CONCRETE k Your Dealer City Cement & Lime Co. STOWN, MARYLAND. T-PROOF FREE ANTS Everyone who has a garden wants Cabbages. They need little space—a foot or so apart—and a garden as "big as a handkerchief" has room for at least fifty plants. We have just made an arrangement with the biggest Cabbage Plant growers in the country—Wm. C. Geraty Co., Yonges Island, S. C., to furnish us with extra choice "Frost - Proof" plants, which we are going to give away free. These plants are grown on an island just off the coast, where the brisk, cold breezes of the Atlantic make them hardy and healthy. The big advantage is a month or six weeks earlier than did heads three or four weeks earlier. We are guaranteed to stand a above zero without injury. Plants are hardier, better, and worth more of this that we agree to refund the fifty—if they are not satisfactory and less than you grow from other plants—Plants will be shipped direct to you from planting in your territory. Send us the on; we will order the plants. Get fifty or more plants free and us One Dollar for one year's sub- apt to affe and continual standing may weaken the Heart. Dr. Miles' Nervine is invaluable for Nervous troubles, and for the Heart. Dr. Miles' Heart Treatment is highly recommended. IF FIRST BOTTLE FAILS TO BENEFIT YOU, YOUR MONEY WILL BE REFUNDED. JUY IT TO DAY 300 PICTURES 250£ 300 PAGES ARTICLES POPULAR MECHANICS MAGAZINE For Father and Son AND ALL THE FAMILY and a half million readers find it working interest. Everything is it What So You Can Understand it (100) codes over a month without prompt and have no dollars. An order for free samples a postal will de- crease. 250 A COPY Boston Magazine Chicago Are You Take The W FOR SALE SALE Our West NURSERV vassing outfits sions Paid W The Gold The Star Hair C A Wonderful Hair Dressing a One thousand Are You a Woman? Take Cardui The Woman's Tonic FOR SALE AT ALL DRUOGISTS F4 SALESMEN Wanted to sell Our West Virginia Grown NURSERY STOCK Fine canvassing outfit FREE. Cash Commissions Paid Weekly. Write for terms. The Gold Nursery Co. Mason City, W. Va. Hair Grower Dressing and Grower. BUY IN TODAY PAGES ARTICLES POPULAR MECHANICS MAGAZINE For Father and Son AND ALL THE FAMILY Two and a half million readers find it absorbing interest. Everything is it. Written So You Can Understand It. Will it cover every month without any complications and have no solicitors. Any person will do it. AS A COPY Are You a Woman? Take Cardui The Woman's Tonic FOR SALE AT ALL DRUGGISTS F4 SALESMEN Wanted to sell Our West Virginia Grown NURSERY STOCK Fine canvassing outfit FREE. Cash Commissions Paid Weekly. Write for terms. The Gold Nursery Co. Mason City, W. Va. One thousand agents wanted. Good money made. We want agents in every city and village to sell THE STAR HAIR GROWER. This is a wonderful preparation. Can be used with or without straightening irons. Sells for 25c per box-one 25c box will prove its value. Any person that will use a 25c box will be convinced. No matter what has failed to grow your hair, just give THE STAR HAIR GROWER a trial and be convinced. Send 25c for full size box. If you wish to be an agent send $1.00 and we will send you a full supply that you can begin work with at once; also agents' terms. Send all money by money order to The Star Hair Grower Mfr. 1113 Clark Street, EVANSTON, ILLINOIS. DAILY BETWEEN CLEVELAND & BUFFALO 11 EVAN ARE $300 DAILY C&B LINE FARE $300 DAILY BETWEEN CLEVELAND & BUFFALO The Great Ship "SEEANDBEE" The largest and most costly steamer on any inland water of the world. Sleeping accommodations for 1,500 passengers. "CITY OF ERIE" — 3 Magnificent Steamers — "CITY OF BUFFALO" BETWEEN CLEVELAND—Daily, May 1st to Dec. 1st—BUFFALO Leave Cleveland - 8:50 P. M. Arrive Buffalo - 6:30 A. M. Arrive Cleveland - 6:30 A. M. (Central Standard Time) Connections at Buffalo for Niagara Falls and all Eastern and Canadian points. Railroad tickets reading between Cleveland and Buffalo are good for transportation on our steamers. Ask your ticket agent for tickets via C. & B. Line. Beautifully colored sectional puzzle chart, showing both exterior and interior of The Great Ship "SEEANDBEE" sent on receipt of five cents to cover postage and mailing. Also ask for our 24-page pictorial and descriptive booklet free. THE CLEVELAND & BUFFALO TRANSIT CO., Cleveland, Ohio LIVED IN MISERY. "I suffered greatly from nervousness and headaches. The least excitement gave me dreadful pain. I began using Dr. Miles' Newvine and a few days later started to take Dr. Miles' Heart Treatment. I soon got so much better that I was encouraged and continued taking the two remedies until I was so well that work was no bother to me at all." A Striving to satisfy the demands of everyone is STONE ERECTED TO MARY WASHINGTON Just as Washington is inevitably to be known as "The Father of His Country," as the mother of Washington may be appropriately named "The Mother of Our Nation." And that she is worthy of the title, as much so as her son is to his, was shown in all the noble deeds of this great American woman. Mary Washington's life was one unbroken series of praiseworthy actions. In the Revolutionary drama, in which figured in many of its earlier successes by her noble and inspiring womanhood, for example went far toward making and molding the first chief of our nation. Mary Washington's life was so strikingly grand; she was uniform, so gentle, so amicable and so dignified, that it would be difficult to fit the eye on any one act more striking than the rest. Dedication to Mother. Washington neyer forgot the rea source of his greatness. He was always mindful of the woman whose virtues had warmed his own and had fitted him to become the man of unbending integrity and heroic courage. Washington's father having died when George was a young man, it fell to the lot of the mother to rear her five children with that untiring hand which guided so many widows through this perilous season. And as the richest reward of a mother's solicitude and toil, she had The happiness of seeing all of her children come forward with a fair promise into life, and lived to witness the noble career of her eldest son, till, by his own rare merits, he was raised to the head of a nation, and applauded and revered by the whole world. Confidence In Son. How thoroughly typical of the mother was her reception of the news of her son's successful passage of the ebalware in the bleak December of 1776! When she came to those portions of the dispatches which were panegyrical of her son, she modestly and coolly observed to the bearers of the good tidings that "George appeared to have deserved well of his country for each signal service. But, my good sirs," she added, "there is too much flattery. Still George will not forget the lessons I have taught him—he will not forget himself, though he is the subject of so much praise." When Lafayette went to pay his respects to her in 1784 he beheld, working in the garden, clad in domestic made clothes, and her gray head covered with a plain straw hat, the mother of her hero, his friend and a country's preserver. The lady saluted him kindly, observing, "Ah, Marquis, you see an old woman; but come, I can make you welcome to my poor dwelling without the parade of changing my dress." On the seventh day of May, 1833 82 years ago today—the cornerstone of a fine monument was erected over ch mo ast adv not give your boy and girl an opportunity to make their home study easy and effective? Give them the same chances to win promotion and success as the lad having the advantage of WEBSTER'S NEW INTERNATIONAL Dictionary in his home. This new creation answers with final authority all kinds of puzzling questions in history, geography, biography, spelling, pronunciation, sports, arts, and sciences. of a 10-volume encyclopedia. More Scholarly, Accurate, Convenient, and Authoritative than any other English Dictionary. REGULAR AND INDIA- PAPER EDITIONS. WRITE for specimen pages, illustrations etc. FREE, a set of Pocket Maps if you name this paper. G. & C. MERRIAM CO., SPRINGFIELD, MAASS. Girl's Life you what wonderful benefit I have re- of Thedford's Black-Draught," writes Mills, of Clifton Mills, Ky. is no equal for la grippe, bad colds, toubles. I firmly believe Black-Draught 's life. When she had the measles, after, but one good dose of Thedford's them break out, and she has had no will never be without HEDFORD'S K-DRAUGHT constipation, indigestion, headache, dizzi- and fever, biliousness, and all similar Black-Draught has proved itself a safe, valuable remedy. from any of these complaints, try Black- medicine of known merit. Seventy-five success proves its value. Good for sale everywhere. Price 25 cents. R! What Is It All About? I gone stark mad over a very foolish and trivial words rattling, cannon rumbling, mailed armour Russia wanted to show her love for the little mer - Servia? Saved Girl's Life "I want to tell you what wonderful benefit I have received from the use of Thedford's Black-Draught," writes Mrs. Sylvania Woods, of Clifton Mills, Ky. "It certainly has no equal for la grippe, bad colds, liver and stomach troubles. I firmly believe Black-Draught saved my little girl's life. When she had the measles, they went in on her, but one good dose of Thedford's Black-Draught made them break out, and she has had no more trouble. I shall never be without in my home." For constipation, indigestion, headache, dizziness, malaria, chills and fever, biliousness, and all similar ailments, Thedford's Black-Draught has proved itself a safe, reliable, gentle and valuable remedy. If you suffer from any of these complaints, try Black-Draught. It is a medicine of known merit. Seventy-five years of splendid success proves its value. Good for young and old. For sale everywhere. Price 25 cents. [J-63] WAR! What Is It All About? HAS the whole world gone stark mad over a very foolish and trivial question? Are swords rattling, cannon rumbling, mailed armour glistening just because Russia wanted to show her love for the little brother - Servia? Tear aside the curtain of Europe's politics and see the grim and sinister game of chess that is being played. See upon what a slim, yet desperate, excuse the sacred lives of millions may be sacrificed. Read the history of the past one hundred years, as written by one of the greatest authorities the world has ever known, and learn the naked, shameful truth. Just to get you started as a Review of Reviews subscriber, we make you this extraordinary offer. We will give to you FREE! Duruy's History of the World Four splendid cloth volumes, full of portraits, sketches, maps, diagrams today is the climax of a hundred years of preparation. In this timely, authoritative, complete, AND THE LAY CONDENSED classic world history—of which over 1,000 copies have been sold in France alone—just what has place in the inner councils of Europe during the past one ed years. Read in these entrancing pages how Russia years craftily been trying to escape from her darkness— a year-round open port, with its economic freedom. In how Germany and Austria, fearful of the monster's strength, have been trying to checkmate her and how we pinned all in this last, supreme stake. Today is the climax of a hundred years of preparation. Read in this timely, authoritative, complete, AND THE ONLY CONDENSED classic world history—of which over 2,000,000 copies have been sold in France alone—just what has taken place in the inner councils of Europe during the past one hundred years. Read in these entrancing pages how Russia has for years craftily been trying to escape from her darkness—to get a year-round open port, with its economic freedom. Read how Germany and Austria, fearful of the monster's latent strength, have been trying to checkmate her and how they have pinned all in this last, supreme stake. after of the pen shows you the glory that was Greene's grandeur that was Rome's. He guides you through the pictureseous old days of fentiation and the curades; Renascence up to contemporaneous history, which Prof. emplores in brilliant manner. In the story of the past of today. And you will understand them better when review of Reviews for a year—for the Review of Review of Reviews for a year an interpretation of the events that are taking rapidity. It is not enough to read the daily news a thorough comprehension, and to discuss them with a true interpretation of the meaning and the events. Your mind you must bring order the Review of Reviews will do it for you. Get the W of REVIEWS for a Year the coupon only. It bites the books. I will remit in 10 days 25 cents for shipping and $1 per month for three months for the magazine and retain the History of the World without charge. Otherwise I will, within 10 days, re-return the books at your expense. The coupon—you send 25 cents a month for three months Name: THIS master of the pen shows you the glory that was Greece's and the grandeur that was Rome's. He guides you through the Middle Ages, the picturesque old days of fendition and the crucades; through the Renaissance up to contemporaneous history, which Prof. Greecan completes in brilliant manner. In the story of the past for the secrets of today. And you will understand them better when you review for a year-for the Review of Reviews will give you a chance to see the events that are taking place with such rapidity. It is not certain that news reports. Your ability to comprehend conditions, and to direct your proval charges, rationally depends on a true interpretation of the meaning and the "reason of chaos" of events. In your mind you must bring order in four volumes bound in cloth, for a Year her grave in the cemetery of Fredericksburg, and Gen. Jackson, then President of the United States, closed his address with a glowing tribute. ANTHONY F. WILDING IS KILLED IN ACTION LONDON, May 12. Anthony Wilting, of New Zealand, former lawn tennis champion of Great Britain, and who several times has been a member of the Australasian team in the Davis Cup matches, has been killed in the fighting in the Dardanelles. Mr. Wilting was a second lieutenant in the Royal marines Huerta is the only man who seems to know exactly what to call a Mexican. The Lesson of the Past