The Pioneer Press

The Pioneer Press. "HERE SHALL THE PRESS, THE PEOPLE'S RIGHTS MAINTAIN, UNAWED BY INFLUENCE AND UNBRIBED BY GAIN" ESTABLISHED 1882. QUARANTINE FOR CHESTNUT DISEASE "War is Hell"—"A Plague That Should be Banished From Earth The "rugged" expression of opinion on war made by General W. T. Sherman, which has gone down in history as much so as his famous "March from Atlanta to the Sea," is revived with increased interest as a tru today. Public Hearing Announced for May 18 in Washington to Discuss Measures The Churchman, an organ of the Episcopal church, in the current issue contains a column of opinions on war as expressed by leading generals of the world, who saw war in all its horrors and are good food for human thought and digestion when nearly all the leading nations of one continent of the world are engaged in war that has shaped itself into wholesale destruction of property and debauched of human blood. Some of the more striking and powerful of these expressions follow: The chestnut bark disease has become so serious that in the opinion of the United States department of agriculture it is desirable to quarantine New England, New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware, Maryland, Virginia, West Virginia, Ohio, North Carolina, Iowa and Nebraska, or such portions thereof as may be found to be essential. A public hearing on this question will be held in Washington at 10 o'clock on May 18th. The proposed quarantine will restrict the movement from this territory of chestnut nursery stock and chestnut lumber with the bark on. "Napoleon said at St. Helena: 'The more I study the world, the more I am convinced of the inability of brute force to create anything durable.' "The Duke of Wellington wrote to Lord Shaftesbury: 'War is a most detestable thing. If you had seen but one day of war you would pray God that you might never see another.' "George Washington said: 'My first wish is to see this plague banished from the earth.'" "Wrote Ulysses S. Grant: 'Though educated a soldier, and though I have gone through two wars, I have always been a man of peace, preferring to see questions of difference settled by arbitration. It has been my misfortune to be engaged in more battles than any other American General, but there was never a time during my command when I would not have chosen some settlement by reason rather than by the sword.'" The chestnut bark disease is comparatively recent in this country. Its origin is not absolutely known, but it is believed that it was brought indirectly from China, where it exists also. In 1908 it was found widely distributed in the Hudson river valley and in the vicinity of New York city. It is caused by a fungus-which rapidly kills the native chestnut trees and is spread chiefly by the distribution of nursery stock. Once it has been established, however, it is spread, locally by wind, birds, and insects. Migratory birds may also carry the disease for long distances. CROP REPORT, WEST VIRGINIA AND OF THE UNITED STATES Since this disease is proving fatal to the native chestnuts in the infected area, it is quite probable that their place may be taken by chestnut orchards grown for the nuts in areas that have not as yet been infected and from which it is hoped that the proposed quarantine will keep out the infection. At the present time the native chestnut grows in practically all of the territory east of the Mississippi except a section of the coastal plain of the southern states, the northern half of Maine, and parts of Illinois and Michigan. For two years after the tree has been killed by the fungus the timber remains valuable, but deterioration sets in after that time. When Pericles had made Greece immortal in arts and arms, he invoked the genius of Phidias to devise a monument which should symbolize the beauty and glory of Athens. That artist selected for his theme the tutelar divinity of Athens, the Jove-born goddess, protectress of arts and arms, and industry and law, who typified the Greek conception of composed, majestice, unrelenting force. He erected on the heights of the Acropolis a colossal statue of Minerva, armed with spear and helmet, which towered in awful majesty above the surrounding temples of the gods. Sailors on far ships beheld the crest and spear of the goddess, and bowed with reverent awe. To every Greek she was the symbol of power and glory. But the Acropolis, with its temples and statues, is now a heap of ruins. The visible gods have vanished in the clearer light of modern civilization. We cannot restore the decayed emblems of ancient Greece; but it is in your power. O judges, to erect in this citadel of our liberties a monument more lasting than brass; invisible, indeed, to the eye of flesh, but visible to the eye of the spirit as the awful form and figure of justice crowning and adorning the republic; rising above the storms of political strife, above the din of battle, above the earthquake shock of rebellion, seen from afar and hailed as protector by the oppressed of all nations; dispensing equal blessings, and covering with the protecting shield of law the weakest, the humblest, the meanest and, until declared by solemn law unworthy of protection, the guiliest of all its citizens. SAYING A FEW WORDS. When Your Turn Comes Remember That Short Speeches Never Bore. If you are called upon to say a few words after dinner or at a meeting, don't be backward. Get right up and go at it. The chances are that what you say on such an occasion, without preparation, will be of no importance and probably wouldn't have been of importance if it had been prepared in advance, but that isn't the point. The point is that the minds of your hearers will be quite as blank and amorphous as your own, and consequently the few who actually listen to you will have no means of judging whether what you say is rational or not. The majority, out of politeness, will assume that you did well, or if they do not wish to commit themselves too irretrievably they will say you did well "under the circumstances." The whole secret in "saying a few words" lies in making it "few." If you go on and on and on, your audience will not heed or remember a thing you said. They will only remember that you talked long enough to bore them. Short speeches never bore.—E. O. J. in Life. The Exercise of Choice. The human faculties of perception, judgment, discriminative feeling, mental activity, and even moral preference, are exercised only in making a choice. He who does anything because it is the custom makes no choice. He gains no practice either in discerning or desiring what is best. The mental and moral, like the muscular powers, are improved only by being used. The faculties are called into no exercise by doing a thing merely because others do it, no more than by believing a thing only because others believe it. * * * The collection is completed with that classic by Gen. W. T. sherman: "I confess without shame that I am sick and tired of war. its glory is all moonshine. It is only those who have neither heard a shot nor heard the shrieks and groans of the wounded who cry aloud for more blood, more vengeance, more desolation. War is hell!" He who lets the world, or his own portion of it, choose his plan of life for him has no need of any other faculty than the apelike one of imitation. He who chooses his plan for himself employs all his faculties.—John Stuart Mill. Names Usurped by Women. Mary is not by any means the only name that has been borne by men and women alike, writes a correspondent of the London Chronicle, who has dipped into old parish and other registers. Sir Patience Ward was lord mayor of London in 1680, Eve Sliffhton is mentioned in a will of the sixteenth century, and Grace Hardwin was an old landowner in America. As to male names usurped by the ladies, instances occur of feminine Philips and Georges, and in one case a daughter was duly baptized Noah. A goddaughter of the Duke of Wellington was named Arthur in his honor and in Ellingham church there is a monument to Timothy, wife of Richard Mabanke. Spoke as They Passed. "I hope you don't associate with that man I saw you speak to in the street just now." "Associate with him? What do you take me for? That man, sir, is one of the most rascally, corrupt, sneaking, underhand, low down, villainous and depraved scoundrels that ever managed to keep out of jail." "I know it. But why are you on speaking terms with him at all?" "Why, I'm—er—his lawyer."—London Mail. CITTA VECCHIA. Malta's Ancient Capital a Constant Reminder of St. Paul. The place where Pubblus, the chief man of Malta in St. Paul's day, lived is thought to be Citta Vecchia, the ancient capital. It lies near the center of the island, about midway between Valetta and St. Paul's bay, and is connected with Valetta by a railroad. Here every turn reminds us of St. Paul. The principal square is called Piazza San Paolo, and here we find a fine cathedral, which is said to be built on the very site of the house of Pubblus. Entering the cathedral, we see a great image of St. Paul, covered with a silver cloth, a reminder by contrast perhaps of how little of that precious metal he was possessed of in his lifetime. In a nearby suburb of Citta Vecchia is another church dedicated to St. Paul and named for him, which the inhabitants devoutly believe is built over the very grotto in which he lived during his three months on the island, and the catacombs of the grotto are also called after his name. One striking monument to the apostle reminds every passing traveler of this wonderful story. In the bay of St. Paul is a tiny island called Selmun, and on this island is a towering statue of the apostle, which can be seen from far, a fit emblem of the colossal character which in all the ages since has so influenced and blessed the world.—Christian Herald. SACRED NUMBERS. Four and Forty Were Held In Reverence by the Ancients. The number four was anciently esteemed the most perfect of all, being the arithmetical mean between one and seven. Omar, the second caliph, said, "Four things come not back—the spoken word, the sped arrow, the past life, the neglected opportunity." In nature there are four seasons and the four points of the compass. Forty, a multiple of four by ten, is one of the sacred numbers. The probation of our first parents in the garden of Eden is supposed to have been forty years. The rain fell at the deluge forty days and nights, and the water remained on the earth forty days. The days of embalming the dead were forty. Solomon's temple was forty cubits long. In it were ten lavers, each four cubits long and containing forty baths. Moses was forty years old when he fled into the land of Midian, where he dwelt forty years. He was on Mount Sinai forty days and forty nights. The Israelites wandered in the wilderness forty years. The Saviour fasted forty days and nights before entering upon public life. The same time elapsed between the resurrection and the ascension. Exchange. BROOKLYN BRIDGE Painting the Great Structure Is a Long and Costly Job. Every three or four years it becomes necessary to paint the Brooklyn bridge in order to prevent the corrosion and deterioration of its structural members, says Popular Mechanics Magazine. This is a task which requires the services of a small army of "human spiders," who climb about over the web of cables and stringers with almost as much composure and agility as if they were insects instead of men. With buckets and brushes, they cling in the network, swinging in the wind as the constant stream of traffic surges across the East river. Between them and the river beneath there are more than 200 feet of space and the cables. Every exposed strand and spot of the whole structure must be painted, so the men scramble over the cables until they reach the topmost point of the great towers, which extend 272 feet above the water, and finally end up on the scaffolds suspended beneath the structure, where the mastheads of passing vessels scrape under the plankings, sometimes missing them by a margin of only a few inches. This work continues usually for six or eight months before it is completed and costs approximately $50,000.—Exchange. Pay for all advertisements is due in advance unless advertising is run by yearly contract, in which case the advertiser pays every three months. Advertising 1 inch one time 75c. Standing ..... 50c Reduced Rates to Clubs. Send for Sample Copies. Entered in Post Office at Martinsburg, W. Va. as Second Class Matter. J. K. Clifford, Editor and Proprietor. Drawer 869, and Bell 'Phone 60K, Martinsburg, W. Va. In addition to swatting; all the flies you can, sprinkle ordinary borax daily on household and table refuse; it will prevent fly breeding. Words ending in itis mean inflammation; ending in algia mean pain; and ending in rhoca mean discharge. The dental profession from the 15th. of this month, should acquaint themselves well with the drastic law relative to their dental work by painless methods. Italy's war bristles are stiff and up. Look out. She ought not forget Menelek and the annihilation of her 27,000 whipped cream soldiers by that crafty old Negro warrior. Editor Snyder of the Shepherstown Register, sees no other way to repay Fred O. Blue for his temperance (?) frenzy than to elect him governor of West Virginia. Nay, nay, Pauline, that will never be. The Governor's contention for a production tax on coal, gas and oil is righteous, and every republican and honest democrat should advocate it, for they are under-soil products and every citizen has an interest in them. The Pioneer Press is bitterly opposed to utterances of the most of our self-styled leaders concerning what the race should do. A thousand times better off it would be had it none such. "Natural liberty is the divine gift of the beneficent creator of the whole human family, and whatever makes man a slave, takes half his worth away." Then we say: withered be the arm and blasted be the hand that would do it. Billy Sunday's chief stock in trade is consigning those whom he deems bad to hell. Jesus Christ's work was to put them on the heavenly road. Biggest humbug on earth. Pity he had not lived in Barnum's day—been his clown sure. The McDowell Times is a credit to itself and its state. Keep it going and put a good agent on the road, and join the Pioneer Press in the organization of the best men in this state to unite and work to advance the colored people of this state on all proper lines to the destruction of all black laws. As a rule persons who commit crimes have no moral right to accuse others of doing it. To illustrate: what did. England do in South Africa but kill a hundred thousand men? Added to which she spent to do it, one billion dollars. Did it not stagger humanity? earn the world's contempt and put her prestige on the downward scale? Is she not reaping what she sowed? If not the prophesy of the Bible is false. Who believes that? Not L. What should be the conclusion as to the seeming necessity to sell the recently and costly built Y. M. C. A. building? If at sea the conclusion is, permit us to give ours. As a house built on a sandy foundation can't stand, neither can one on prejudice. Our legislature by a wise call for an extra session is hammering away to rectify the wrongs of the late one. Let the best be done and that in that once old time Republican harmony. Having the state, it can be held, if the peoples' rights be properly looked after—our sincere wish. Common sense religion is so plain and practicable, that it does not require a professor in applied mathematics, nor a man with Sherlock Holmes' sense in the science of education to figure to a conclusion the actual and certain possession of it—it's doing unto others as you would have them do unto you—that's all. Louis D. Brandies, one of the most profound, advanced and public spirited thinkers in this country and Cummins criticised Wilson's anti-trust bill and they were right. He said: "Corporations should be made to play their cards face-up on the table,"—precisely what the public,want Mr. Wilson to do now. In 1876 the speaking telephone was exhibited by Bell at the Centennial Exhibition. In 1877, Edison brought out the phonograph, which was introduced to its first large circle through the pages of the Scientific American. And now Mr. Edison has discovered and given the world a telescribe, i. e., a fixture that takes down a conversation. The Riggs bank has a similar hold on this government that Teddy has on Barnes when sifted down to facts. Had Roosevelt not lived as a political honest top-notcher, he would not be so strong in his legal battle against wrong; and had not the big Riggs bank opposed John Skelton Williams as too small a fry for the position he tries to fill, ten to one, the persecution probably would never have been brought against said bank Whiskey drinking, yes, downright drunkenness isn't half as hateful in God's sight as is prejudice. Whiskey makes arm and arm brothers in depravity, while the major portion of American religion is silent on the curse of lynching, disfranchisement and general jimcorowing and makes foes and murderers. The man who drinks and dies drunk is better off in God's sight than the fashionable dignitaries of the church who hate the Negroes America has disgraced. The contest going on between Teddy and Barnes is sure to end as did the fight of Mike's and Bridget's monkey and parrot. The two pets were always quarreling and fighting, as were their owners. Mike getting the better of Bridget one morning, when Mike had gone. Bridget feeling confident, that her parrot could whip Mike's monkey fixed it so they could get together, and left the house. On her return the monkey sat crouching and bleeding in a corner with parrot feathers strewn all over the floor. Bridget said: "Be jases that dom monkey has eaten up my parrot meet and feathers:" simultaneously the parrot rushed out from under the bed with but one feather in its tail, and said: "Missy, we've had a devil of a time since you left." Barnes will say the same with but one feather left. We think the colored people of Martinsburg and elsewhere are too far behind to fool their time and money away playing pool and billiards, but being human, presume they have human desires. That they are imitators goes without confirmation. Such being so, and all other classes can have and play their games in this city, it seems ridiculous that a Republican administration should refuse to license a pool room for colored people—simply because and only because they are colored people. The Council having given Mr. Russler license, we doubt very much if it can make it obligatory that colored people shall not play pool therein. Mr. William Spears has put a fine five passenger car on the road for colored and white people. That's the way to kill prejudice. When you flatten out the white man's pocketbook, he is generally very willing to treat you right in the hope of refilling it. The only proper way to enjoy your rights is for those who are able to furnish our people with what they need and in fair reason ought to have, if the whites have them and are too narrowly contracted to let you enjoy same. Ride in "Billy's" car that he has bought and paid for your manly and womanly pride. We are forming an equal rights fighting organization in this state. We are determined to wipe off of our statute books the infernal black laws or send parties up and down for we are not going to depend, on the campaign thunder of hoarse and throaty chaps who at that period would cut the throats of their best friends to please lying politicians. We stand precisely on Dr. Iyenaga's propaganda, that: "Inequality among races is indisputable, but injustice comes when the color of the skin is made the criticism of equality." We Japanese beg for no grace, but will stand on our merit." Let us fight it out in this line. There is more than a hubbub on the rounds relative to school teachers being provided with community homes. No objection if good teachers, but fear exists that they are about as hard to find as are good christians. So far as it making them permanent leaders, the large majority of them would do as much good as the large majority of preachers do. As a matter of fact, good teachers and preachers make themselves permanently desired because of their good work, and that is the best test of any one's permanent stay anywhere. Unless teachers are broadminded, philosophical and reasonable, they are narrow and overself conceited. Is there another Miss Briggs in Washington? a Miss Jackson in Philadelphia? an Agassiz in America? Doubt it. To love children, and to be able to inspire and arouse their aspirations—or make them, and above all to so impart as to make it stay and grow with the growth of children are the essential elements of good teachers, but like teacher, like preacher, the almighty dollar stands before them as the thing they love best. Bishop Henry McNeal Turner, one of the best and bravest men of the whole South, has entered the dark valley of the shadows. We have known him well for the past thirty years. He was our true and tried friend. On one occasion, when sick, and not able to deliver a lecture in Meharry College, Nashville, Tenn., by his request we filled as best we could, his place. While we lose a great man, his example and influence can never die and if the hereafter is true to its representation, rest assured he can and will do us more good over there, than he could or ever has here. Farewell! --- Can't tell why our Western editors are up in arms about the treatment of "our women." Maybe they, or too many of them play false as they do down in this neck of the woods. "Whenever "our women" learn to place a higher standard on their moral life the love of men will be compelled to respond to them. A good woman would us of a big dog and a little cat. This latter is safe from the former's attack just as long as it looks the dog squarely in the eye. As a race, or community, our standard will be no higher than that of our womanhood. Keep in mind that unnin Abdul Bahai's compliment can be lavished and truly so, on our women, the race will suffer. He declared that: "The most glorious crown, the greatest charm and the most wonderful jewel of woman is her chastity, purity of heart and sublimity of character"—and we men can help so make them. Will you? While in Wheeling recently the editor chanced to visit the Schmulbach Building Turkish Baths, A. L. Jackson and H. B. Clemens, Proprietors. This mammoth establishment occupies the entire ground floor of the Schmulbach Building, and as an example of all that is modern in the Turkish Bath idea it is hard to excel, being one of the finest between Chicago and New York. In addition to the baths, these gentlemen operate a first class chiropody parlor, where they treat all ailments of the feet; a massage department, where one is made to feel like a new person; a perfectly sanitary tonsorial parlor where you can get the latest style hair cut and the smoothest shave. Added to all the above necessary combinations for the comfort of their many patrons the proprietors of the Schmulbach Building Turkish Baths have guest chambers where weary and run down persons can have their every wish attended to—they even supply those who want them with nice clean soft beds, where they can sleep and rest. Messrs. Jackson and Clemens are ever alive to the varied wants of the hundreds who are accustomed to wending their way toward their place of business, and affability with them is a fixture. Seldom in a city the size of Wheeling is such a place found, and we congratulate the proprietors on their enterprise and business sagacity in entering a field of endeavor which is bound to pay handsome profits. Their methods and practices are recommended and sufferers from gout, rheumatism and anaemia are advised to go to them by the leading medical practitioners in Wheeling and surrounding country. Mr. Henry Mock, Mingo Junction, Ohio. Dear sir: In substitution of a letter accept this. In receipting for subservition to the Pioneer Press, we had your name minus your location. Believing you would write, could do nothing but wait. The paper goes to you to-day and shall continue for the period taken. Very truly yours J. R. C. J. R. CLIFFORD MARTINSBURG, WEST VIRGINIA Practices in all the Courts of West Virginia, the Supreme Court of Appeals and the United States Courts. Not many minutes after a statesman has finished a speech nowadays the news is selling in the streets and has been flashed to every capital in Europe. It was different in the elections in the time of Litt. He made a memorable speech one March, and the eager public only learned exactly what he said from the Gentleman's Magazine of the following November.—London Saturday Review. The Real Toll "I used to practice five hours a day on the piano," said the musician. "You are through with that drudgery now." "Drudgery? Those were times of restful leisure. Now I have to work fourteen hours a day giving lessons." —Washington Star. All Foolish. "Did you ever write a foolish love letter?" "I never wrote any love letters." "That is practically what I asked you."—Houston Post. "A Man Is as Old as He Feels." The well known saying, "A man is as old as he feels, a woman as old as she looks," it seems, is pure Liver-pudlium, and legal at that. During the trial of a breach of promise case there arose some argument as to the desirability of a man of forty-nine marrying a girl of twenty, whereupon the judge delivered the famous epigram. He even went one better, for, when counsel for the defense argued that the lady had had a lucky escape from marrying such a man as his client, the witty judge observed, "What the woman loses is the man she thinks him to be."—Liverpool Post. The Proof Conclusive. They had disagreed about her cooking. He had sprung the brouble about her not being able to cook even as his mother did. Whereupon she asked him, "If that be so how is it that you haven't chronic dyspnea, as your father had?" Whereupon they disagreed more thoroughly than ever.—Philadelphia Ledger. Letter For Letter. "Why does a poet begin so many of his sentences with 'O?'" said the politician. "There's no answer," replied Mr. Penwiggle. "Why does a speechmaker begin so many of his sentences with 'I?'—Washington Star. A Fine Marksman. "Begorra," said the watchman, "that felly sore is a crack shot." In Both Ways. "Mrs. Gaddy is a very authoritative person in her gossip." "Yes, and what she says goes."—Baltimore American. The miser is as much in want of that which he has as of that which he has not.—Syrus. HOTEL POWHATAN WASHINGTON D.C. HOTEL OF AMERICAN IDEALS In a city where good hotels abound, the Powhatan heads the list. It is first in the hearts of its countrymen. The Powhatan is refined, exclusive, and restful. Its excellent location on Pennsylvania Avenue, 18th and H Streets, makes it a desirable headquarters for bridal couples, tourist parties, conventions, Schools and colleges. The Powhatan attracts the people of culture and education. Its proximity to State, War and Navy Departments, also to many points of historical interest, makes this hotel especially attractive to a discriminating public. The Powhatan offers rooms with detached bath at $1.50, $2.00 and up. Rooms with private bath, $2.50, $3.00 and up. Write for booklet with map. E. C. O. EN. MANAGER a a nn ee Sie aaa : = ae =< = t a 5 er “tug, beating, pasteurtziug aad tltering | ‘eration. RAREE Was the rosilt of Tex [lal Action. “Chey ic compiciely Cree, beer froth’ bicterin.| Beer dove, not, make deupkarde. ‘The WHAT is REE A subject attracted: great attention Beer is food and wholesome, It con. effect of prohibition would drive beer & ae i 3 : the study spread in varivus directions + talus carbuliydrates aud aibuminoids Out of the household, It would deprive Some scientists carried on the wart hd minerat materials required by our, @ large percentage of our population of r R : 4 ef words as to the pos ty oot system Ht is appetiving. It aids di & perfectly honest, wholesczzc, nutrt: Bi COME THE NATIONAL BEVERAGE Spontiteons seperation 5 aa a ‘as ik Ness. tious article of food. ‘Phere is drunk & av ik B Others tosis up othe study ot Sn) ee eOL EWE oan THAT SlticeDg | CunEss: Chere: is intemperance: but it Faincis Chemist Gompares Beer With Bread—<deer Is Food and Contains Lecithin, Which Is Brain Food. Beer Goes Not Make Drunkards, By Professor CHARLES F. CHANDLER of Columbia University. LLAT is beer? Tt may be sald in a few words—beer is a beverage prepared from malt ed barley. rarely from mait ed wheat. Rice or corn or their prod- ucts are often used in addition to bar- ley. The art of brewing is one of the old- est arts of which we have any knowl edge, and brewers consequently repre- sent one of the oldest guilds. Brewing Was known and practiced by the Egyp- tians perhaps 1.000 years before the be- ginning of the Christian era, It was practiced by the Greeks, Romans and ancient Gauls, Herodotus, 450 B.C. tells us how Ezyptinns made wine from grain. Pliny repeats the same statement and many others of those early writers refer to it. Tacitus states in the first century A.D. that. it Was the usual beverage mong the Ger. Inans, and further the art of aneliting and brewing was probably introduced into Great ritalin by the Romans. Even the Wailirs, a race in Africa, make beer from millet seed. AS carly as the year 1585 there were twenty-six breweries in London with ee fee LS pr : SS Boe 3 a Se Pee, es ee i a Ve : o a ee Bead ae Pe Vee Boge Ee ae eee Se ge ares Be en MS hse ee) ee fe Bkcgee Nes ec ee Be me os Freie cee oo ae toe a ne ey Charies Frederick Chandler, professor of chemistry in Co- lumbia university of New York, was born in 1836 in Lancaster, Masz., studied at Harvard, Goet- tingen and Berlin and has been connected with Columbia uni- versity since 1864. He 1s the founder of the School of Mines, has been repeatedly president of the board of health of New York city and is a recognized im- prover of hygienic conditions and the father of modern pure food legislation. He 1s a life member of the chemical socie- ties of London, Serlin, Paris and New York. an output of 650.000 barrels per annum. It is interesting to note that New York city produces ten times that quantity. and the entire United States produces 100 times that quantity. Lhe term ale Was used In England before the tntro- duction of hops and probably came frow the Scandinavians. Hops First Used In Germany. The use of hops was derived trom Germany. and tke name beer from Germany was first applied to malt liq uor contitning hops. It ts Interesting to note that when the use of hops was first introdnecd to Bngland in 1649 the English petitioned the king against the use of hops, saying this wicked weed would spoil the drink and endanger the lives of the people. At the same time they also petitioned the king against the use of coat for fuel in the city of London because of the smoke which it produced and which It was clalmed polluted the air fhe manufacture of beer involves two separate and distinct operations First, malting. and then brewing. The object of malting is to so change the chemical composition of the contents of the barley grain-as to render them soluble in water, so as to produce a guid which can afterward be subject- PUM Sa oP ee ke tS el eke a It begins te heat and te germinate, and from tie proterds of the matt there fs developed a curious substance call: ed diastase. whieh has the property of attacking the sturch and making it soluble. When the process of germ nation has reached a certain point the barley grains are spread over a lirger field and turned over from tine to time to prevent overheating, and germina tion proceeds, Wien it has reached the proper point, as determined by in- spection, the malt is subjected to kiln drying, the purpose of which is to ter- winate germination, because if It is al- lowed to gu over the result would be a garden of barley plants of no further Value for beer making. How the Brewing Is Done. Next comes the brewing by which the matt is converted into beer. The crushed malt is extracted in hot wa- ter, when the diastase completes its ac- tion in changine the starch to dextrin and maltose. One part of diastase is suilicient for 200,000 parts of starch. After the malt has been sufficiently treated the solution is drawn off and this constitutes the wort. The remain: ing grains are subjected to a careful treatment with water to obtain as large a portion of soluble matter as possible, the worts are united, boiled hops are added and the wort is com- plete. It is then rapidly cooled to the proper temperature, the yeast is add- ed and fermentation proceetis. Dur- ing the fermentation the yeast devel- ops. attacks the sugar and liberates carbonic acid gas and .aléohol. ‘The rise of the carbonic acid ¥as through the liquid causes motion and the liquid: is set to work, In fact. the name fer entation wag originally given to any chemical reaction in which gnses were liberated in the liquid, as for example. when a piece of marble fs dissolved in hydrochloric acid solution When the fermentation ts complete the beer ts drawn off and stored In suitable ves- sels. in whieh subsequent slow. fer- mentation takes place and the Hquid becomes clirified. The sediment of the yeast is found in the bottom of the vessels in the ease of lager beer, while in the case of ale the yeast is found in the form of scum at the top. This leads to the terms “top fermentation” and “bottom fermentation" or “ober- sverung” and “untergaerung.” I might add that the difference is partly due to the temperature at which the fer- mentition takes place. Process Like Breadmaking. It is found in practice that in order fo produce either one of these different Kinds of beer it is necessary to employ Yeast yielded by the saine variety. ‘This kind of fermentation ts the same Kind of fermentation which bas been employed from time tmmemorial for the raising of bread, Leaven has come down from the most remote ages. It is simply doush which has been kept for several days and In which the yeast spores caught from the stmos- Phere have been developed into yeast. When this is added to a furnished quantity of flour and water and later kneaded together, the yeast develops overnight and inflates the dongh with carbonic acid gas, at the same time, as in the case of beer, producing a corre- sponding quantity of alcohol. In more modern days yeast has been substi tuted for teaven, but the canse and the results are the same. Some years ago when the remperince movement. was Srunning bizh in London it occurred to a baker to attach a condensing coil to Chis oven and obtain a little condensed “aleohol from the vapor given off by his bread in baking. He made a great display of this and advertised temper- anee bresd and had quite a run of trade for a few days, until bis neigh- boring baker displayed a sign saying that he left alt ihe gin in his bread and turned customers his way, . How the Yeast Works. Yenst was really discovered in 1690 by Anthony van Leenwenhoeck, with his new microscope. He deseribes yeast us “little globules collected {nto groups of three and four” It attract: ed at that time, of course, very Mttle attention. and ft was only at the begin- eee yh imac ete es | emcee eine Tage ene the study spread in various directions Some scientists carried on the warts: of words as te the possibility ot it Spontiinesus seperation ot s Others took up the study et diserses Other resextclies live ted te the seri theory of diserses and the discovery ot Toxins. nutitoxins and tmmenity at was discovered that while the great est variety of chemical etsinges conld be necomnted for by the xction of ty ing organisms. there was fermentation which took piace in the absence ot tiv ing organisms. Recent investigations have found that all fermentitions are produced by enzymes, that the yeast creates the euzymes and that the en zymes do the work ‘The following is the last information that bas been at: tained with regard to alcoholic fer mentation, After the starch bas been converted by matting Inte maltose the next change tikes place when the Yeast is added. Whe yeast furnishes the enzyte taltase. whieh converts maltose Into dextro-gincose. ‘Phen suv other yeast enzyine, zymuse, goes to the front te attick the destro sticuse, and convert it into alcohol and carbon fe acid gas, but the zymase cunsiot ae complish this splitting alene tt ps quires another enzyiie, which is tur. hished by the seumt culo co enzyine, and even tbe two togecier cuniet ace complish the result, and tere ts furs ther required se plosplaie ‘lL isis plios phate unites wid the st ornity the substince hexose jlivspiite. and this yields to the Zyuctse wid Coen aye, and the result is aieohet and carbonic acid gas. Pesteur proved tna the spoiling ui tine, which occurred Gn ISGH. was due to the microbes. I further fou Get by exposing the bot Ued Wine toa leniperiture between T22 and HO degrees F.. these nricrobes Jost their vituliy, aud the spoiling ot the wine was prevented. ‘This process is called pasteurizing. tn IST2 he amide a similtr investigaiion in regard to beer. with a like result. Pasteuriaing of beer increases iis keeping qualities, and the same process is wow applied to ilk. \ What Beer Consists OF. To summarize, 1 would say tit beer is a beverage in the prepsrution of whieh malted barley, rarety mitted wheat. rice and corn or its products are used. ‘The malt is extracted with hot water, an addition of hops is meccde and the solution constitutes the wort The wort is cooled. the yeast is added and the whole termented to a finish. The sugar is split inte ateohol snd car, bonie acid gas, little free eid. giyecrin and aromatic bodies in sinall quanti. ties result. The product Is beer. ‘The beer is then plitced inyvats that it may properly age and undergo slow after: fermentation and ripening. Finally it is fillered, placed in barrels or bottles. Bottled beer is generally pasteurized for the reason | have already statesl American beer usuitty contiins from 5 to G per cent of extract—that means solubie food products. 1t contsins from 8 tod per cent of alcohol. One of the most interesting constitus ents that has been found in beer lately isa peculiar substance called lecithin. It has long been known that the phos- phates were always present in beer, and the last discovery shows that they are absolutely essential to the process of fermentation, fut the discovery of lecithin Is especially interesting be cause lecithin is a substauce which was found some time aco as a constituent of the brain, 1 is a very interesting componrd of fatty constituents and Phosphorus, snd when iis presence in the brain way first discovered it at. tracted a great deal of attention. It Was thought. even, Wat it might be the souree of imental action, and some suggested the proper name for it would be “denkstoff or thinking stiff, They tells good story abont this dis covery. When they first discovered the phosphorus in the brain somebody else discovered that there was phos phorus in the sh. and they started a story that fish would be good food for the brain, And so a young stu dent wrote to Oliver Wendell Holmes and wanted to know if that story was true. and if so what would be the prop. How Beer Resembles Bread. When we come to consider the reta. tion of beer to food we are struck by the analogy of beer and bread, Bread is made from cereals: so is beer, ‘The bread with jittle water is solid, the beer with more water fs liquid. ‘The Feast is emplored in both. It produces alcoholic fermentation {In both. It con: verts both into polatable and readily digested food Both contain aleoha) and carbon dioxide. Beer contains from 3 to 4 por cent alcohol and is not intoxicating when taken tn ordinary quantities. Geer also has bitter and aromatic bodies derived from hops which vive it an acceptable favor and Produce tone effects. Further, beer ia one of the foods free from bacteria, You miit be airaid of water, of milk, but the method of making beer, dry STS Wid roa (oH ELT RR ae SLIME %& A Caen be . 5 i A PRODUCTS. &, ys) Don t Forget Us , srw Se | KB Jo =< For 18 weeks we have been ie a h =D celvering our little message and we if iad Ls v Xp! want to continue to keep in touch | F of: with you. : \ ge Are you on our mailing list for “Farm Econo- |} AW mies?” Hf not, let us send it to you. It’s free. ity BAe Tell us your problems in concrete construction or 4) \\ iF EA\) soil fertility. We have an Engineering Department gb 39°" and Chemica! Laboratory which are at your. service. ie 74 We are represented by the best dealer in each town. | fy Ask him. | 3 Sincerely yours, ROD He . . i reo | Security Cement Q Lime Co. |: ha f Kou 2 ti HAGERSTOWN, MARYLAND, — {i J = i ak ee bre ie romana LW h Wel We Coed Ma ae "Ty, , Uc ALYS PROST- F “f EAE TS ; fem Ie iA —— : « CABBAGEPDANTS a Ste s y. £ Re, Le 4 °-) Biveryone who has a a Av ws a Sveryone who hus a garden we j OSs ae Dm | G wants Cabbages. ‘They necd iy =", Up a Guy p little space—a foot or so apart i ASA Qh Bh fu 8 sn agarden as “big asa y ae a Mp me pandkerchief" has room for b/ > eG pres at least fifty plants. ATi ah, GM LP BB SC We have ust made an OMY Rh ae oa i” bs N BY arrangement with the biggest WLS RA OE Af ey Cabbare Plant rowers in the ye ea HUN) \ SS conptry—Win. ©. Geraty Co., Younes Pit AN A G7): NY Se Tedd. S.C, to furnish us with extrae BR Yip. choice’ "Frost = Proof” plants, which ia Beas (4; YT yf epee Vie are guiny to pive away free. eg ei! LYN ~ ifimonte These plants are grown on an island bite BROT "8 Wi. ore Just off the County where the fink, cold Be ze ae of breezes of the Atlantic make them a 7 towh, hardy and healthy, ‘Che big advantage is a that you ean plant them in the ficld a month or six weeks earlier than FEA home-grown plants, which means solid heads three or four wecks earlier, gg These “frost-Prooi” plants are quaranteed to stand a ya) temperature of ten degrees above zero without injury. ff Geraty’s “Prost-Proof? Cabbage plants are hardier, better, and worth more HEM than the ordinary plenis, Weare so sure of this that we agree to refund the Ha full value of the 5 “seents for fifty—if they are not satiefactory and He] lo not produce exrl I better heads than you grow from other plants— YB vou to be the judge tee Gernty’s “Frost-Proof” Cabbage planta will be shipped direct to you from BE Yonses [land at the proper tine for planting in_your territory. Bend us the HY coupon with the price of the subscription; we will order the plants, ‘i Fill ouf the coupon below and get filly or more plants free [ison want 100 of the above plants sen a ys One Dollar for one year’s subs whseriplion to (he ION KER PRESS, either BEW Or Tenewal subscription one arin advarer, Cogether with the conpon below filled out, and we will have plants sent to you by mail ABSOLUTELY FREE. Hoyou Went more Chan 10 we will send you 100 additional for each and ev ubscriplion sou send inyeither of your neighboe or some friend that is nw living away 10: 50UP O Nio: meant 1915 Pione ¢ Press: 7 Bnclosed find 31.25 for One Year's Subscription in advance. Please sead M Ship about . i915. Send paper to hg. HeACng, pAsteurtziug aud Uitering it completely free beer from bacteria. Beer 1s food snd wholesome, It con tuus carbohydrates and) albuminoids ind minerat materials required by our system. It is appeticing. It aids dt gestion, has emzymes. Limyselt have been fomiliar with the use ef beer sis cin article of food: from my childhood, b remember the barret orale inom father’s cellar, When t Was seventeen b went to Germany to study aud tearned to use beer as an article of food at the University of Goottineon, My first experience really came svot after 1 reacted Goettingen when Tonode a walking tour through the Harz mountains with three other Americans, and 1 remember to this day with satistaction how 1 enjoyed nt some roadside “yatsthaas™ my “but: lerbrod, Schweixerkase and bier” 1 have tiken boer orale pretty regularly allmy life with my lunch, 1 tave en- Joyed the most perfeet health, uble to doa hard day s work every day, and as twas born in isso, F think fama pretty Sood speciuen of tts feod value, Adulteration Talk Is Nonsense. You Know we res in the papers a erent deat abeut adulterations, Or couse tiost at it bs ndusense. 1 have Nad weoesion to investigate the ques fio rad tb tind: that adulteration: tt hoor IS spose esagseration, ‘Phere may be dustratlings, fat there is no adul seration. il & Beer does not make drunkards. ‘The effect of prohibition would drive beer out of the household, It would deprive a large percentaxe of our population of A perfectly honest, wholesezc, nutrl tlows articie of food. ‘Phere ts drunk enness, there is intemperance, but tt does not come trom beer, If we are to have bows let those kuws be intelll sent laws, kiws that will discriminate between what dees harm and what does not do hari. [think L have giv: en reasons enough why beer has be: come a national bevernge tn this coun trys Ilave you seen the big show Uf not wot 14 N. Queen atreet. Everything ood. natty and nobby ia the clothing line is there You can’t look at) them without wishing for a suit. You can Ket tho suit. All thatis needed, if, you AFG GHOKORTANAAAE Goo Pay parly WA Wouesvanitparonin reat key Burded., IL youhave- fo money goranyhows and penny toa doughnut, you'll go to work, make and eave onough money to buy Rud be upto date in dress and looks Hf-‘Thompson and Thompson clothing Ss Ding WE ONT RMD RR OUOG RS Are You a Woman? Take Cardui The Woman's Tonic FOR SALE AT ALL ORGANIZATIONS SALESMEN Wanted to sell Our West Virginia Grown NURSERY STOCK. Fine canvassing outfit FREE. Cash Commissions Paid Weekly. Write for terms. The Gold Nursery Co The Star Hair Grower FARE $3.00 DAILY BETWEEN CLEVELAND & BUFFALO The Great Ship "SEEANDBEEE" The largest and most easily cleaner on any island water of the world. Sleeping accommodations for 150 passengers. "CITY OF ERIE" — 3 Magnificent Steamships — "CITY OF BUFFALO" BEWILDE CLEVELAND—Daily, May 1st to Dec. 1st—BUFFALO Leave Cleveland - 8:00 P.M. Leave Cleveland - 8:00 P.M. Arrive Buffalo - 6:00 A.M. Arrive Cleveland - 6:00 A.M. Central Standard Time) Connections at Buffalo for Niagara Falls and at Eastern and Canadian points. Railroad tickets reading between Cleveland and Buffalo are good for transportation on our gleanings. Ask your ticket agent for tickets via C. & B. Line. Beautifully colored national ruzzle chart, showing both exterior and interior of The Great Ship "SEEANDBEEE" sent on receipt of five cents to cover postage and mailing. Also ask for our 24-page poster and descriptive booklet from THE CLEVELAND & BUFFALO TRANSIT CO., Cleveland, Ohio Over-work, worry and the constant strain of a business life are often a cause of much trouble. Dr. Miles' Nervine is highly recommended for all Nervous disorders. It is particularly invaluable to business women. Regulate your bowels by using DR. MILES' LIVER PILLS IF FIRST BOTTLE, OR BOX, FAILS TO BENEFIT YOU, YOUR MONEY WILL BE REFUNDED. The Star Ha A Wonderful Hair Dr ```markdown ``` FARE $300 CSB LINE ```markdown ``` NERVOUS ATTACKS. "I suffered with nervous attacks and headaches. Then my liver got out of order and it seemed as though my whole system was upset. I commenced using by Miles' Nervine and also took by Miles' Liver Fills and now I feel perfectly well in every way. My bowels also are in good shape now." MRS. AUGUSTA KEISER. 1149 Portland Ave. Rochester, N. Y. Are You a Woman? Take Cardui The Woman's Tonic FOR SALE AT ALL DRUGSTORES SALESMEN Wanted to sell Our West Virginia Grown NURSERY STOCK. Please canvassing outfit FREE. Cash Commission Paid Weekly. Write for terms The Gold Nursery Co Mason City, W. Va. Hair Grower Dressing and Grower. One thousand agents wanted. Good money made. We want agents to every city and village to sell THE STAR HAIR GROWER. This is a wonderful preparation. Can be used with or without straightening irons. Sells for 25c per box—one 25c box will prove its value. Any person that will use a 25c box will be convinced. No matter who has failed to grow your hair, just give THE STAR HAIR GROWER a free and be convinced. Send 25c for to size box. If you wish to be an agent send $1.00 and we will send you a full supply that you can begin work with once; also agents' terms. Send all money by money order to The Star Hair Grower MIR 1113 Clark Street, EVANSTON, ILLINOIS. DAILY BETWEEN CLEVELAND & BUFFALO "GESANDEEL" and water of the world. Sleeping accommodations RAILROADS IN ARGENTINA. Run Under Rules Framed by a Strict Government Commission. Argentina has a commission which is in some respects even more powerful than the interstate commerce commission. The direction general de ferrocarriles, as it is named, prescribes the number of trains to be run and insists on the number of coaches. Every night train must carry a certain number of sleeping cars, and dining cars, or restaurant cars, as they are known in Argentina, are obligatory on runs of certain distance. Every train is obliged to carry a letter box, and recently the railroads have been squeezed into carrying the mail for nothing. A medicine chest, a stretcher and a bicycle—this last to establish quick communication with the nearest station in case of an accident—are compulsory on every passenger train. Every passenger coach is disinfected each month, and the precautions for preserving the cleanliness of sleeping cars are probably the most thorough in the world. No time table can be altered without the sanction of the director general and at least two months in advance of their taking effect. If trains stop at stations not scheduled a heavy fine is imposed, and all late trains must be reported to the government, with the reason for being delayed.—New York Tribune. GERMS ON SALADS. A Simple Method by Which All Danger May Be Avoided. Drs. Loir and Legagnoux of Paris tested vinegar as a destroyer of the germs of typhoid fever. That they are killed by a mixture of wine and water in equal parts has long been known. These investigators prove now that twenty grams of vinegar to a liter of water kill the typhoid bacillus in an hour and five minutes. "From this," writes the Paris correspondent of the London Lancet, "a practical inference may be drawn concerning salads. After washing the salad as usual, detaching each leaf, it should be put into water acidulated with ten grams of vinegar to the liter and remain immersed in this liquid for about an hour and a quarter. All vegetables ordinarily eaten uncooked may be subjected without any inconvenience to the same process." A liter is equivalent to about a quart and ten grams are equivalent to about a third of an ounce. So if lettuce or other greens for salad be placed in water to which about one third of an ounce of vinegar has been added and be left for about an hour and a quarter all danger of typhoid fever will be removed. The Centingde. The centipede was formerly a resident of the southern part of this country, but it has gradually worked its way to the north, so that now it is quite common in nearly every portion of the country. It thrives best in damp and warm places and has its redeeming feature in that it catches and destroys many of the domestic pests we are well rid of. Its method of catching an insect seems to be to spring over it, indolcing and caging it with its many legs. The belief occasionally met with that the centipede feeds on household goods and woolens or other clothing is without foundation. On the other hand, the bite of this creature is undoubtedly more or less poisonous, the effect depending on the susceptibility of the patient.—St. Louis Post-Dispatch. ch mo ast adv not give your boy and girl an opportunity to make their home study easy and effective? Give them the same chances to win promotion and success as the bad having the advantage of WEBSTER'S NEW INTERNATIONAL Dictionary in his home. 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Read in this timely, authoritative, complete, AND THE ONLY CONDENSED classic world history—of which over 2,000,000 copies have been sold in France alone—just what has taken place in the inexctious counsels of Europe during the past one hundred years. Read in these entrenching pages how Russia has for years craftily been trying to escape from her darkness—to get a year-round open port, with its economic freedom. Read how Germany and Austria, fearful of the monster's latent strength, have been trying to checkmate her and how they have pinned all in this last, supreme strike. The Lesson of the Past 1115 master of the pen shows you the glory that was Greene's and the grandure that was Raven. He gives you through the Middle Ages, the picture one old days of feminalism and through the Renalisance up to contemporary history, what Greene completes in brilliant manner. In the story of the pat the events of today. 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We are two hangings scheduled to be at the state penitentiary.