The Pioneer Press

The Pioneer Press. "HERE SHALL THE PRESS, THE PEOPLE'N RIGHTS MAINTAIN, UNAWED BY INFLUENCE AND UNBRIBED BY GAIN" ESTABLISHED 1882 INVISIBLE ICEBERGS. Conditions Under Which They Cannot Be Seen on Clear Nights. In a recent communication to the New York Tribune Abbott H. Thayer, the artist, asserts that many vessels have been lost by collisions with icebergs because under certain conditions of sky and light they are invisible. He cites the fact that on the occasion of the Titanic disaster, although the black ship was clearly visible to survivors at a distance of several miles, they could not see the white bergs against which they actually heard the wash of the sea. Mr. Thayer claims that on a clear, starry night the bergs are so nearly the same color as the sky that they are totally invisible and that the same is the case under many conditions of cloudiness, the only exception being when the side of the berg viewed is in such shadow that it shows black against the sky. In other words, it is impossible to see white against white In answer to the criticism of those who say they never saw a berg at night that was the color of the sky the answer is that this is very natural, because this is the very condition under which the berg is invisible. Mr. Thayer makes the suggeston that a very simple way to avoid the danger of colliding with an invisible berg would be to use a searchlight. The reflection would show up the berg very plainly. ROMANCE IN GEOGRAPHY. Names That Speak of Achievement and of Desperate Need. Geography is a fascinating study. The history of the human race is written in large characters on the earth's surface for the seeing eye. Most people know that Pike's peak commemorates the explorations of a daring young officer early in the last century. But how many know that in the name of the Bill Williams river lingers the only memorial to a famous trapper and Indian fighter of Kit Carson's time, to whom the Rocky mountain country was an open book before even Fremont "blazed the trail" to the Pacific. It is around Hudson straits that names cry most loudly of achievement and of desperate need. Fancy what the Bay of God's Mercy meant to the man who first gave it that name! Or the heart breaking effort indicated by Terror point. Contrast Repulse bay and Mistake bay with the peace implied in Home bay and Cape Comfort. It is difficult to estimate the exact depth and breadth of the irony that found vent in Navy Board inlet, while Mary Jones bay fairly breathes a longing for the commonplace comforts and safety of home. Resolution island and Hope's Advance bay speak sturdily of the undiminished courage of whalers or explorers in those barren waters.—Outing. The Building of Blenheim. Blenheim palace was built out of the first grant ever voted by parliament in return for public services. But the treasury proved so slow in dolling out the money for the building that the architect, Sir John Vanbrugh, tried to extract an advance from the Duke of Marlborough to pay the workmen when their wages fell into arrear. Marlborough refused to be bled. According to Isaac Disraeli, the duke, "aware that if he gave any order or suggested any alteration he might be involved in the expense of the building, was never to be circumvented—never to be surprised into a spontaneous emotion of pleasure or disapprobation. Although friendly with Vanbrugh, he never spoke to him or to any one acting under his orders about Blenheim."—London Globe. Wild Cinnamon. Although the cultivation of cinnamon on the plantations in French Indo-China is constantly increasing, most of the product is obtained from a wild shrub growing in the forest. When a native discovers a cinnamon tree he must make a declaration before the local administration, who cut down the tree and authenticate its product. The profits accruing to the discoverer of a single tree sometimes reach a large sum. The variety most prized is the wild royal cinnamon of Thanh-Hoa, which is thought by the Chinese to possess a high medicinal value. FIRST ARMY MEDAL It Was Issued After Cromwell Defeated the Scots In 1650. The first medal issued as a reward for military service was struck by order of parliament to celebrate a victory of English troops over the Scotch. When the news reached London that Cromwell had defeated the Scots at Dunbar on Sept. 3, 1650, the house of commons instructed Thomas Simon, chief engraver to the mint, to proceed to Edinburgh and design a medal in honor of the event, of which a leading feature should be a portrait of the victorious general. The result was a lifelike portrait of Cromwell in profile, and over his head is engraved the battle cry of his iron-sides, "The lord of hosts." On the reverse there is a wonderful representation in miniature of the house of commons in session. This medal was given to all officers and privates alike who fought in Scotland, but this democratic practice was discontinued till revived in 1815 at the suggestion of the Duke of Wellington for the troops under his command at Waterloo.—London Telegraph. Antiquity of Fishing. Probably no branch of industry can lay claim to greater antiquity than that of fishing. Its origin would seem to be coeval with the earliest efforts of human ingenuity, for the oldest monuments of antiquity show the fisherman in full possession of the implements of his calling, and even those tribes of savages which have learned neither to keep flocks nor to till the fields are skilled in the fabrication of the hook, the fish spear and the net. The earliest civilization of the eastern Mediterranean was begun with fishing. Sidon, which means "fishery," was originally a fishing village, and its enterprising inhabitants devoted their attention mainly to the collection of a certain kind of mollusks, from which they prepared the famous tyrian purple, prized more highly for the richness and variety of its hues than any other dye known to the ancients. Women Author's Pen Names. Among the noted women authors who wrote under pen names are the following: Mrs. Mary Ann Evans Cross as George Elliot, Baroness Dudevant as George Sand, Klara Mundt as Louise Muhlbach, Mrs. Craik as Miss Mulock, Charlotte Bronte as Currer Bell, Emily Bronte as Alice Bell, Mrs. Sarah Parton as Fanny Fern, Abigail Hamilton Dodge as Gail Hamilton, Mrs. Lippincott as Grace Greenwood, Mrs. Terhune as Marion Harland, Louise de la Ramee as Ouida, Sarah Smith as Hesba Stretton, Susan Warner as Elizabeth Wetherell, Miss Murfree as Charles Egbert Craddock, Alice French as Octave Thanet, Mrs. Elizabeth Akers Allen as Florence Percy, Laura C. Reddon as Howard Glyndon, Miss Woolsey as Susan Coolidre. As to Insults. The quotation "No gentleman would insult me; none other can," is credited to John Quincy Adams, who is said to have made the reply when he was told that a man had spoken to him so rudely that he ought to send a challenge to a duel, and it is said also to have been used by Senator W. H. Seward in a debate growing out of the assault upon Senator Sumner by Preston Brooks in 1856, but it is pointed out that the quotation A moral, sensible, well bred man Will not affront me, and no other can is to be found in William Cowper's "Conversation."—Boston Globe. Those Were the Times. "The first of our line, Sir Higgledy Piggledy, founded the family fortunes with a grist mill he ran." "When did he run this grist mill?" "Back in 1560 or thereabouts." "Oh, yes. I've often heard that those were the times when knighthood was in flour."—Louisville Courier-Journal. Ought to Sell. "In case your auto hits anything this device makes a cloud of smoke for you to get away in. No chance for identification." - Louisville Courier Journal. The amen of nature is always a flower.—Holmes. CHOOSING MUTTON. Rules to Guide Those Who Want to Be Careful Buyers. Mutton is generally considered the most healthful meat and is eaten by many to the exclusion of any variety, consequently great care should be exercised in the selection, and a little time should be given to the study of quality. In buying mutton or lamb care should be taken to see that the fat is clear, hard and white, as mutton with soft of yellow fat indicates too long a stay in cold storage. It might appear that a great quantity of fat on mutton signifies waste, but the lean part is much juicier and more tender when this is the case, so the wise housewife makes purchases with this in view. The leg has the least fat in proportion to weight. Next comes the shoulder. The color of lean mutton is a deep red. Lamb is good to eat when a year old and is much more digestible than other immature meat, such as veal or young pork. The wise housewife knows the value of nutrition, so she will hesitate about buying lamb merely because it is in the market, as it is generally expensive. The meat of spring lamb should be a clear pink, with plenty of pure white fat.—New York Sum. Why Is It? If a young woman is arrested for stealing a bottle of milk and later explains she did it to keep her baby from starving, no judge or jury will convict her and folks will flock to her side of fering assistance. Why is it there isn't any way to know the circumstances until the poor girl is forced to steal the milk?—St. Louis Post Dispatch. Mean Thing. Patience—I don't think Will is at all observing. Patrice—You don't? "No, I don't." "Well, I do. Why, he said the other night that you had twice as much color on one cheek as on the other."—Yonkers Statesman. Quite Necessary. Victim - I tomaine poisoning, eh? Well, I surely was a blame foot to eat the stuff Doctor Pot, my dear sir, you can't establish yourself as a recognized epicure without a touch of tomaine now and then - Cleveland Plain Dealer. Where the Day Went. "Where can the day have gone?" exclaimed mamma, as she lighted the evening lamp. "I think its gone to heaven, mamma." answered wee Beth sweetly - Exchange The Unexpected. "Sir, I admit being a poor man, but I am determined to marry your daughter in spite of her wealth." "Oh, well, if that's the case I'll just remove the obstacle"—Judge. Fashion Changes Mrs. Nuwed- When we got married didn't you promise me a new hat every season? Nuwed- But you never told me that there were about a dozen hat seasons in a year. Life. Foresight is very wise, but fore sorrow is very foolish, and castles are at any rate better than dungeons in the air.—Sir John Lublock. Sucking Fish. A curious looking object is the sucking fish, which has a peculiar disk fitted to the crown of its head. By means of this it attaches itself to any fish it chooses—a shark or whale, for instance, or turtles and even ships—and so it is carried about without any trouble. When once attached they stick like glue, and they are occasionally used for purposes of fishing. A line is fixed to the fish's tail, which is then set free. As soon as it discovers a fish or a turtle it takes a firm hold. In the simplest form of fishing the line is dragged in and the sucking fish hauled up, together with its captive. In the case of a turtle the fisherman dives after the line and so secures the victim. 2. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. 45. 46. 47. 48. 49. 50. 51. 52. 53. 54. 55. 56. 57. 58. 59. 60. 61. 62. 63. 64. 65. 66. 67. 68. 69. 70. 71. 72. 73. 74. 75. 76. 77. 78. 79. 80. 81. 82. 83. 84. 85. 86. 87. 88. 89. 90. 91. 92. 93. 94. 95. 96. 97. 98. 99. 100. TWELVE INCH SHELLS. These Big Projectiles Carry a Thirty Pound Explosive Charge. High power projectiles are constructed with cavities in their centers which contain the explosive charge, the explosive carried varying with the size of the projectile. A twelve inch shell, weighing 870 pounds, carries about thirty pounds of explosive. The cavity of such a projectile is about seven inches in diameter at the base, and gradually tapers in size toward the point. After the charge is placed in the projectile a plug is screwed into the base, thus sealing up the explosive, and a fuse is inserted in the center of the plug extending into the explosive within the cavity. The fuse, without which the explosive is harmless, depends upon the high rotary motion of the shell to become active. This rotary motion is imparted by the rifting of the gun. In the smooth surface of the tube are cut the rifting grooves of a width of about one eighth inch. Round the shell, near its base, in a groove cut for the purpose, is compressed what is known as the rotating band. This band projects above the surface of the shell and corresponds with the rifting grooves, so that upon its discharge it is forced into the riling, where it acts as a seal to prevent the escape of the gas formed by the exploding powder and gives the shell the required rotary motion, which keeps it on its true course with its point always in a direct line ahead. London Tit Bats PECULIAR OCCUPATIONS Those of the Bacteriologist, Anthropologist and Plant Doctor What man leads the most peculiar modern life? The question is not an easy one to answer offhand, but it is doubtful if any one spends his days in a more strange manner than the bacteriologist. Day after day, week after week, year after year he works in the laboratory, into which only the privileged may enter, studying the microbes of disease. He may not open the window lest he infect the whole neighborhood with typhoid or diphtheria, or any other diseases with which he is at close quarters all day. He encourages bacteria to multiply, and then through a microscope, or sometimes with the naked eye, he watches how they spend their time, in order that he may combat their deadly influence. While the bacteriologist looks forward, the anthropologist looks backward. He is the man who dashes off to any place when he hears a deep excavation is being made, and hopes always that he will find a skeleton, and especially a skull, for he is never so happy as when he unearths human relies going back centuries. The plant doctor is akin to the bacteriologist, for, like the latter, he spends much of his time in the laboratory, not studying the enemies of the human world, but the enemies of the plant world, and he is very proud when, after diagnosing and treating the various ailments of flowers, he runs across, say, the enemy of a rose, and finds how it may be kept from doing harm. —London Tit Bits. Between Girls. "How can you be engaged to a man who is sixty years old? He has, however, given you some magnificent presents." "That's the point. A first love is romantic, but a last love is very lavish." —Louisville Courier-Journal. A Good Curriculum "So your daughter Jane has returned from college. Has the school a good curriculum?" "Oh, yes: Jane had a special suit made for it an exercised there every day on the horizontal bars."—Florida Times-Union. A Warning. Doctor—You've had a terrible shock. Patient—It's up to you to see that I don't have another when I get your bill—Baltimore American. Which Side or Both? Officer—Why have you only one spun on? Private—If I get one side of the horse to move. I get the other, don't I? —Every Week. CASTLE OF DESPOND. It Got Its Dismal Name From a Tragedy Born of Love. One of the finest French renaissance buildings in France is the Castle of Despond, famous in the legendary lore of the Toulousian country in which it stands. Over the window of one of the inner courtyards is sculptured in the stone a head above the motto, "Plus d'Espoir." These were the last words of Rose de Martial, whose story has been sung by the poets of Toulouse. Rose de Martial was the daughter of the house of Martial, to whom the castle belonged, and she was courted by the lord of Castelnat, whose manor she could see from her window. But, although she was beautiful and tender hearted, the lord jilted her, and she fell into a melancholy. She sat every day by the window, whence she could see the fickle lord of Castelnat's manor. One morning he passed by in the valley below. She sang to him, but he never looked up. "Plus d'Espoir!" she cried and threw herself out of the window on to the flags below, where she was killed. The manor of Martial was known thenceforward as the Castle of Despond. The fine building was falling to ruins when M. Fenaille bought it, and he had it completely and skillfully restored before making a gift of it to the nation. DEEP SEA FISHES. Some That Get Along With Only One Meal or So a Year. There are more than 50,000,000 square miles covered by a depth of three miles of sea, but even at this great depth where the pressure of the water above would instantly crush a man's body to pulp there is a great world of life. Many of the fish and other creatures of the deep are blind. They are, however, able to see by means of the lights which they carry themselves. The "lamps" are little organs dotted over the body, and with the light from them, which is made in much the same marvelous way as the glow worm's, they can use their bulging eyes to see what is going on about them. But even with the ready made lighting apparatus and telescope eyes it is a difficult business finding a dinner, so the fish have jaws with an enormous gape and a stomach so elastic that they can accommodate a larger fish than these voracious eaters themselves. When they have made such a capture they retire for something like a year's meditation to digest the meal, two or three of which are sufficient to last an average lifetime.—London Answers. A Prize Baby Little Minnie was having a birthday party, and some of the little guests were discussing the merits of the babies in their homes. "My little sister is only five months old," remarked Annie, "and she has two teeth." "My little sister," said Nellie, "is only six months old and she has three." Minnie was silent for a moment, then she burst forth: "My little sister hasn't got any teeth yet, but when she does have some they're going to be gold ones!"—New York Times. His Mother's Son. At the annual prize day of a certain school the head boy rose to give his recitation. "Friends, Romans, countrymen," he vowiferated, "lend me your cars!" "There," commented the mother of a defeated pupil sneeringly, "that's Mrs. Jones' boy! He wouldn't be his mother's son if he didn't want to borrow something."—Kansas City Star. Brooklyn Navy Yard. The Brooklyn navy yard was established Feb. 23, 1801, when the first land, twenty-three acres, was bought from one John Jackson for $40,000. The yard now comprises 144 acres and has a waterfront of nearly three miles, protected by a sea wall of granite. New York American. Christianity is mankind's boon. Entered in Post Office at Martinsburg, W. Va. as Second Class Matter. J. K. Clifford, Editor and Proprietor. Drawer 869, and Bell 'Phone 60K. Martinsburg, W. Va. SATURDAY, JUNE 26, 1915 "For every right with all my might," is my living and shall be my dying motto. On some things it behooves everyone's expressions to be wary and few; others may require exhaustive argument. If the want of spiritual food could be as easily observed as that of the hungry man, how easily could the seuls of men be measured. This and all other nations must learn this important fact-that the right of humanity should force commercialism in the back ground. Until this is universally established, wars will go on. Thaw's chances for freedom look brighter than at any time since he committed the crime that the electric chair should have settled long ago, and had he had no money such would have been the case. If he was insane then, he is insane now, and Mattewan is his proper home, for his crime was worse than Becker, who goes to the electric chair in the early part of the incoming month. --- Missouri's advertising law is a good one. From now on, it will be a violation of law to advertise anything falsely. By saner folks realizing that by spurious advertising, millions spend millions of dollars yearly for patent medicines and rotten whiskey, the dupes will in due time thank them. West Virginia can enact a similar law and bless its poor believers that everything in print is gold. --- Be it eternally known that J. R. Clifford has a solemn duty devolved on him and he will perform it well, for when a noble act is done, glory crowns it. It took Leonidas and his 300 martyrs a day to die witnessed by the sun and moon in the deep defiles of Thermopylae; Arnold Winkelried ascended the high Alps regardless of the terrible avalanche and gathered a sheaf of Austrian spears to break the line for his comrades; Sir Harry Vane was dragged up to the tower hill, sitting on a sled to suffer death, for being the champion of the rights of English laws, but one had the courage and free thought to yell out: "You never sate on so glorious a seat," and when Charles II, to make the common people cowards, caused Lord Russel to ride in a coach of exposure through principal streets of London, on his way to the scaffold, made his history write:—"The multitude imagined they saw liberty and virtue sitting by his side." They all were heroes, and so can we be, by being brave and doing right. It's well enough for Governor Slaton to fear Leo M. Frank's blood on him, but what about Mary Phagan's blood on Frank? After all the Courts—including the Supreme Court of the United States declared him guilty and the Governor's prison commission advocated his hanging, the Governor played to the galleries in the wind up. It's very doubtful if the spectacular Governor would plow long in that section of Georgia for the big white men are about as fearful of the crackers down there as are the Negroes. Truly Powell Clayton's thirty years ago prediction has materialized. Beloy says the "light of a moral man is in comparison like that of a candle to the sun." Granted. Both are fire, and one is interdependent upon the other, for no man can be a christian who lacks a good moral foundation—precisely as no house can stand unless it has a good, strong foundation. The moral foundation is mother's work and the better she does it, the better the future men and women will be. Let her neglect it and "fields of wild oats" will be sown. To be plainer, the bulk of the truly mother made moral men and women are so disgusted with our present day sensational and commercial religion, they ostracise and stand aloof from the church, and we praise them, because they are the earth's attic salt of earth's humanity. The Pioneer Press gets sick and tired of Negroes going off in refluent argument and praise of tardy judicial actions. For after the wicked grandfather rascality crime had served its plans and purposes and was by time getting thread-bare, this decision was made. Why should I go wild in praise of it after suffering fifty years because of the denials of my rights? For many be the times I've been compelled to ride over the very territory I fought in the war of the rebellion, though I paid first class fare, as a jimcrowed slave. The only thing for which I am ashamed is, that the republican party that sorely needed the 200,000 brave black men to save this union, allowed it to be, and never had the manhood to do what a democratic Supreme Court has done. It is all right to harp about the "old time religion:" Might as well cry for the old time methods of light. But who wants to go back to the pine-knot, the dip light and candle times? True, they all gave light and satisfied the people in those days, but the coal oil and electricity now in use, were in existence then, but unknown. Precisely as science has brought them forward, so should advanced science in religion change the manner of worship. If a person away back then, had declared he could harness electricity and make it talk over land and sea; light the world, sing songs, make speeches, and take down conversations, no doubt he would have been declared a witch and been killed. A new religion for the Negro is, or would be, his rapid salvation, for the religion that fails to unite and make brothers is a curse. To the eye of the Pioneer Press it looks like some one or ones keep on the road of observation to see what progressive educators are doing to amuse and develop the muscular side of school children. Last year within a stone throw of "our school"—no school of mine—swings, see saws, and all kinds of things were bought and put on the play grounds of the aforesaid school for "white children." The opposite ones had not one thing to look at on their ground, but a six foot bull-fence in front one of the best streets in this city; the same sized fence dividing off the girls and boys play ground-as though they were monkeys and parrots and must be kept apart. Besides the above, the children can't play from the fact the girl's side has an ugly ledge of rocks all over it. And although as said, on one of the best streets in this city, no pavement has ever been put down in front of "our school." Virginia's old slave debt, forced on a loyal state that drew out and helped shoot the fetters off 4,000,-000 slaves, has no right to pay one cent of it. Put to a test, not a dollar could be traced west from the Shenandoah Valley. But aside from that the government with pride should, if it thinks the debt ought to be paid, in remembrance of its loyalty to the flag, pay the debt. It looks to the Pioneer Press as the South's punishment reeked on her for her loyalty for it dubbed her the "little bastard." Possibly next year the party that married and legalized her birth may take the nation in hands, and see that the states she helped to keep united pay off the debt. Certain it is, the Republican party is devoted to it. Roosevelt declared he would rather lose any other state than West Virginia. We have seen the city council and a pavement is going to be put down, and we hope to be able to remove the bull-fence adjacent to ours—for its an eye sore and a shame to Martinsburg. Added to it all, we have a dirty, unsanitary, old funky, one story building as "our school house"-none of mine. Wheeling,Parkersburg,Clarksburg, Huntington, Charleston and other places, if anything have better schools for colored people than for whites and little Keyser has voted $25,000 for the erection of an upto-date school building for colored children. If our superintendent's nature does not bend toward right for colored children in God's name let the citizens force it. But to the everlasting credit of the Board of Education of this city, we have one ornament to be looked upon and be proud(?) of on "our school" ground, and it ought to be put in the movies. What is it? The old 50 year worn out diseased outhouse the Board of Education we suppose ordered put on "our school" ground after they had dugcess pools and done away with theirs. We pay taxes, and are citizens—though robbed of nine-tenths of our rights, yet when we ask for improvements, &c., to keep our children from delving into all kinds of ugly things, this great Board of Education has heretofore pleaded, "we have no money" to do so and so. Where do you get all the money you are constantly spending for the pleasure and improvement of your children? An advocate of right in the initiative, if he makes a bold stand, never has the support of earth-gods right. It generally comes when the plain truth of it forces itself on the world, and then the phantasmagorical christianity only endorses it by, in substance saying: "sick Tiger," and Tiger, for the world's good and salvation, must wear the collar, live and die and be damned by the very ones his soul aspires for. On the other hand, compare the action of sin. United they stand, and when one is bold'enough to start the initiative the whole phalanx unite with voice and every dollar available. Read, think, delve and you will plainly see why sin has won and christianity(?] THREE INQUISITIVE SCOTS. And How They Happened to Originate the Jute Industry. James Logle, who is supposed to know more about jute than any one else in America, tells in a very interesting way how jute came to be known to Europe and the west: "In 1840, on a Saturday afternoon, three Dundee flax spinners were walking to their beautiful residences in Broughty Ferry, about four miles east of Dundee, on the banks of the Tay, and as usual strolled along the docks. At that time there were several Clipper line sailing vessels trading with Dundee in Indian products, principally grain, linseed, etc., and on this particular Saturday one of these vessels was discharging her miscellaneous cargo, and these canny Scots observed a fibre in some quantity on the dock and made inquiry as to what it was. "They were told it was some Indian product that had been obtained in Bengal, and was suitable for the dumage of ships. They examined the fibre a little more carefully and all thought it would be possible to spin the fibre on their flax machinery. The result was that Monday morning they made a bee line for the agents of the ship and asked what they were going to do with this waste material. "They got the reply, 'We propose dumping it into the river,' and when they expressed a wish to experiment with it they were told they could cart it away from the dock and were welcome to it if they paid the cartage. Thus the jute industry started—for the fiber turned out to be nothing less than what we know commercially today as 'jute.'"—Exchange. SUBMARINE TACTICS. Locating the Enemy, Getting the Range and Making an Attack. How does a submarine attack? How does it locate the vessel it wishes to torpedo and how does it proceed about the business of sending such vessel to the bottom? Here is the way the commander of Uncle Sam's submarine flotilla tells it: "A submarine will come to the surface at 5,000 or 6,000 yards from the vessel it is attacking—far enough so the enemy is not supposed to see the periscope. It stays up long enough to get the enemy's course, then goes down and sets its course to intercept the enemy's ship. "The vessel must be coming more or less toward the submarine, otherwise the submarine, with its low merged speed, cannot catch it. "The officers of the submarine will know the revolutions of the approaching ship and will use the gyrocompass with which to work out its exact position. They will know just when to come up to be within range. "When the submarine comes up it will show the periscope as little as possible, take quick aim and fire its first torpedo. If it wants to remain there out of curiosity to see the effect it can. But if it does not it goes right down again. "It stays a short time under water, turns the cap bringing new torpedoes up into the tubes and then comes up for a second shot if necessary."—Pittsburgh Press. Proverbial Philosophy I don't know, writes a correspondent, whether the absurdity of some of our proverbs when used as a means of comparison occurs to people when they quote them. For instance, "As drunk as a lord." Any one who looks into a metropolitan police court when the night charges are being dealt with will see that intemperance is not the ex- failed. Thousands of good citizens are talking of sacrificing their property and leaving the state, and one good one has, because of the old Virginia slave debt—a curse and farce. But, in the midst of all the fuss and curses, in steps a whiskey man and offers to pay the twelve million, plus thousands of dollars, and relieve the christian agitation over the debt that brings on worry and suicide. If God owns the cattle on a thousand hills and has the world's wealth in gift for those who serve Him, why don't they pay it? Because and only because the saloon people understand their business better than a caste christianity does its. All whiskey drinkers are brothers. They walk, eat and sleep together. "The children of God" turn up their noses, scorn and eschew the poor, and unfashionably dressed, and when the churches are closed and the poor starving the saloons are open, giving a drink and a meal for 5 cents. Wake up or go down to hell. clusive privilege of peeps of the realm "As dead as Queen Anne." Why Queen Anne? Why not Queen Elizabeth or Queen Boadicea? "As deaf as a post." A post is devoid of all the five senses, not hearing only. "As cheap as dirt." What is the exact market value of dirt? It is not mentioned in any tradesman's catalogue. "As poor as a church mouse." Who knows that ecclesiastical mice are less well off than their secular brethren?—London Standard. Bee Line. A soldier on guard was questioned as to his knowledge of his duties. "You know your duty here, do you, sentinel?" "Yours." "Yes, sir." "Well, now, suppose they should open on you with shells and musketry, what would you do?" "Form a line, sir." "What! One man form a line?" "Yes, sir; form a bee line for camp, sir."—New York American. In Doubt. "Will you love me forever and a day? sighed the newly betrothed helress. "It all depends," replied the scion of an ancient but impoverished family. "Do you think your money will last that long?"—St. Louis Post Dispatch. Germany's Crown. The most militant in form of European crowns is that of Germany, which shows eight shields bearing alternate black eagles and jeweled crosses, while poised on four swords blazing with diamonds is a globe crowned with a cross of gold. Economy. Economy is what makes a man wear his dress shirt down to work the next morning. It isn't comfortable, but he hates to send it to the laundry only half soiled.—Detroit Free Press. In the life of a man there is but one real love. The trouble is that he usually can't tell which one it is.—Smart Set. False Logic. "Women are all alike," declared the disappointed suitor bitterly. "Oh, I don't know," responded the maiden airily. "You must not draw general conclusions from the fact that all the women you have known managed to get on to your curves."—Richmond Times-Dispatch. Good Guess. Redd—Been out in your new automobile? Greene—Yes. Had trouble going out. We stopped several times, but coming back we didn't make a stop. "I see; you were towed home."—Yonkers Statesman. Knew Him. "Well, how about that little bill?" "But I told you to call at 4 o'clock, and it is only 3 now." "I know it: I wanted to catch you in."—Houston Post. Hopeless Case. "Pessimistic, is he?" "To the ultimate limit. He couldn't even imagine a castle in the air without a mortgage on it."—Judge. HOTEL POWHATAN WASHINGTON D.C. HOTEL OF AMERICAN IDEALS In a city where good hotels abound, the Powhatan heads the list. It is first in the hearts of its countrymen. The Powhatan is refined, exclusive, and restful. Its excellent location on Pennsylvania Avenue, 18th and H Streets, makes it a desirable headquarters for bridal couples, tourist parties, conventions, Schools and colleges. The Powhatan attracts the people of culture and education. Its proximity to State, War and Navy Departments, also to many points of historical interest, makes this hotel especially attractive to a discriminating public. The Powhatan offers rooms with detached bath at $1.50, $2.00 and up. Rooms with private bath, $2.50, $3.00 and up. Write for booklet with map. E. C OWEN, MANAGER. Mr. Robert Rixey has improved his Samuel Street property, thereby making it look almost like new. The Martinsburg public is base ball crazy now, and bids fair to continue that way until the season closes. M.s. J. E. Dotson, of Leesburg, Virginia, is the guest of her sister, Mrs. Berkeley Fairfax, of Charles Street. The Martinsburg Wonders, this city's crack colored base ball team, went to Hagerstown on Thursday and trimmed the boys over there by a score of 4 to 2. Mrs. Tucker Ford, who was operated on at the City Hospital, is now at Mr. Davis Graves's, and will go to her home at Kearneysville later. Mr. John Runner spent Saturday and Sunday last in Rippon, Jefferson County, where he visited his daughter, and otherwise pleasantly enjoyed himself. Mrs. Arwilda Hart, a thrifty matron of the Hartstown, Jefferson County neighborhood, attended to business, and visited her sister, Mrs. Arthur Williams, in this city the other day. Mrs. Mattie Mosby is now in Springfield, and contemplates visiting relatives and friends in Pittsburg and McKeesport before she returns home. It is hoped she may enjoy her trip. Mrs. John Hanion and children are spending the week with Mr. Hanion's parents at Falling Waters, where they are having a delightful time. In the meanwhile, it is said that poor old John goes about his household duties and continually chants the name "Mamie." Persons living on Burke Street between Raleigh and Charles, were startled on last Saturday night about eleven o'clock, when several shots rang out in quick succession. Upon investigation it was found that Howard Brown had winged Clarence Gordon twice in the left arm, causing him to receive two insignificant flesh wounds. "Here is the Answer;" in WEBSTER'S NEW INTERNATIONAL THE MERRIAM WEBSTER Every day in your talk and reading, at home, on the street car, in the office, shop and school you likely question the meaning of some new word. A friend asks: What makes a man happy? On seek the location of Loch Katrine or the pronunciation of fujutu. What is white coal? This New Creation answers all kinds of questions in Language, History, Biography, Fiction, Foreign Words, Trades, Arts and Sciences, with final authority. 400,000 Words. 6000 Illustrations. Cost $400,000. 2700 Pages. The only dictionary with the new divided page,—characterized as "A Stroke of Genius." THE STRASSBURG CLOCK Its Many Remarkable Features That Make It Famous. Strassburg, the capital of Alsace-Lorraine, is remarkable for the great clock of its cathedral. This clock, which is twenty feet in height, was made by Jean Baptiste Schwilgue in 1842. Besides various astronomical devices indicating true solar time, it has a great planetarium in which the revolutions of the planets are represented, so that the relative positions of each at any time can be seen at a glance. Then on a platform above are movable figures representing the four ages of man. At the first quarter of an hour a child strikes the bell with a rattle; a youth hi the garb of a hunter strikes it with an arrow at the half hour; at the third quarter a warrior strikes it with his sword, and at the fourth quarter an old man strikes it with his crutch. Then a figure of Death appears and strikes the full hour with a fleshless bone. On the highest platform is a natural sized figure of Christ, and when Death strikes the hour at noon the twelve apostles pass before the feet of their master, bowing as they do so. As Peter passes a large cock perched off on one side flaps his wings, ruffles his neck and gives three times a loud and perfectly natural crow.—London Standard. LIGHTNING RODS. Why They End In a Sharp Point and Not In a Knob. The reason a lightning rod has a sharp point is because a fine point offers no resistance to the discharge of electricity and in order that a cloud may be emptied of it noiselessly and harmlessly. The degree of resistance is in proportion to the surface of the object. If the rod were surmounted by a knob, for instance, the discharge would be violent. But many a lightning rod has received an electrical discharge when the people in the building below were calmly unconscious of the fact. Noncorrosive metal is used for the point of the rod, as corrosion makes resistance The difference between a point and a ball is shown in discharging a battery. The full charge from a large battery would be received quietly on a metal point, while a moderate charge from a small one would explode violently on a ball. It is said that a full charge may be passed harmlessly through a person's body if received on the point of a needle, whereas the same charge received on a discharger with a ball or knob on the end would mean instant death. London Telegraph. Mistakes In Use of Words. If use can make authority in the employment of words it is high time that certain etymologically misused phrases of our English tongue should be adopted into the family of orthodoxy. The word "necessity" is habitually used as the equivalent of "necessary," instead of being its direct opposite. A man says: "I do not care for the luxuries of life if I have the necessities," when probably he has the "necessities" in clamorous abundance. Quite as common a blunder is the confusion between the words "expect" and "suspect." A man says: "There is a knock at the door. I 'expect' that is the tax collector." He should say, "I have been expecting the tax collector and suspect that is he."—Boston Transcript. Indians of Equador. Perhaps nowhere on the globe do human beings so much resemble passive beasts of burden as in Ecuador. In fact, the Indians used to be designated in documents as "smaller beasts of burden" to distinguish them from pack animals. Loaded, they clamber up the steepe streets as stolid as little gray burros. One sees many an urchin of seven years bearing on his back a load of bricks as heavy as he is. One woman, bent under a burden, carries a child at her breast. Another laden woman plies distaff and spindle as she creeps along. Here is a file of barefoot women bent under loads of earth or bricks escorted by a man with a whip. — Professor Edward Alsworth Ross' "South of Panama." Holland's Windmills. A man's wealth may be measured by the stocks and bonds he owns in New York, by the cattle he has in Argentina, by the chain of gold eagles his wife wears in Tehuantepec, and so on. But in some parts of Holland the number of windmills a man owns gives the clew to his financial rating. They fight the water, shelter the family, afford an occupation and provide an income for their owners. The Military Attache The duties of a military attache are to make himself thoroughly acquainted with every change that takes place in military affairs and to report from time to time on the mobilization, armament and equipment of the power to which he is to be accredited. A PAIR OF SHOESTRINGS. The Matter of Length and How to Tie a Bowknot That Will Hold. A shoestring is "six-fourths" long when one does not specify the length required. "Six-fourths of what?" is likely to be the question put by the layman. When a man buys a new pair of shoes the strings in them are just long enough. When he buys the next pair of shoestrings they are too long. The strings that come with the shoes are four-fourths long, the next pair will be six-fourths unless the purchaser asks for and can get four-fourths. These lengths have to do with men's high shoes. There is not the same trouble in the case of low shoes. Some shoestrings will wear a long time, but they will become brown. Others will not wear so long, but will retain their original blackness. The strong strings that turn brown are of linen or very strong cotton. The others are of mixed fibers that hold their color. Many people prefer the less durable shoestring, not only because it holds its color, but because being of a less hard fiber it stays tled better than the other. A few of the millions of shoestring wearers know how to tie a bowknot that won't come untied. The method can be explained without a diagram. Instead of tucking the bow once over before drawing the knot tight, tuck it twice over. A fiddle string used for a shoestring would not come untied if the knot were made in that way. This knot can be untied in the same way as the other, by pulling at the ends.—Philadelphia Record. TRAPPED A SEAGULL. Queer Contest of Strength Between a Bird and a Bivalve. At first thought it is hard to imagine how a clam could endanger the life of a bird. That such a strange circumstance is not impossible is shown by the following incident: A settler on one of the small islands near Vancouver was returning to his home by way of a beach of hard sand when he beheld an unusually large flock of seagulls gathered in a compact mass and beating with beaks and wings upon the sand. Evidently they were attacking some enemy. Overhead dozens of gulls wheeled and screamed in evident excitement. The settler was almost upon the fighting birds before they burst apart and flew, chattering, toward the clouds. One, however, lay flapping upon the ground, and the man saw that a monster clam held the gull's beak in a viselike grip. It was too heavy for the bird to fly away with, and for all the gull's frantic struggles It could not loosen the clam's tenacious grip. With his hunting knife the man pried open the shells and freed the captive. The gull was exhausted from its desperate efforts and at first could only stagger like a drunken sailor toward the water. Finally, however, it flew away and soon returned in the van of a cloud of gulls come to inspect the enemy that had trapped one of their tribe.—St. Andrews Beacon. Luck Against Him. "I invited a girl to go to the theater. When it came time to buy the seats I was broke, so I told her the house was sold out for that night and promised to take her next week." "Well." "Her aunt took her down on the very night we were to go and they and two other couples were the only people in the parquet."—Detroit Free Press Feminine Logic. Mrs. A.—Yes, Belle is married at last, and do you know her husband is the very man who proposed to her ten years ago. Mr. A.—She ought to have married him then. Mrs. A.—Oh, my fear, he was really quite too old for her at that time.—Boston Transcript. Her First Pie. Mrs. McBride—Oh, John, don't cut your pie with a knife. McBride—Huh! You ought to be thankful that I don't call for a can opener.—Boston Trans- script. Hope awakens courage. He wno can implant courage in the human soul in its best physician. Have you seen the big show? If not go to 144 N Queen street. Everything good,natty and hobby in the clothing line is there. You can't look at them without wishing for a suit. You can get the suit. All that is needed, if you are short of funds, is to pay part, be honest and pay the rest as agreed. If you have no money go anyhow, and a penny to a doughnut, you'll go to work make and save enough money to buy and be up to date in dress and looks of Thompson and Thompson clothing. Transforming Clothesline Posts. A suburban resident grew tired of the wooden clothesline posts in his back yard. He incensed them in chicken wire netting and planted sprouts of honeysuckle around the posts. He then nailed a little bird house to the top of each. In a short time the honeysuckle had completely covered the unsightly posts and a pair of bluebirds built a nest in one of the houses. Many of this man's neighbors took up the idea, and honeysuckle vines and bird houses now make the clothesline posts of his locality a pride to their owners.—Houss and Garden. Pessimist—You haven't had all that you wanted in life, have you? Ostimist—No, but I haven't had all that I didn't want, either.—Brooklyn Life. Ducks are good watchdogs for the poultry yard. No matter what time of night the tiblet may come, the ducks will quack.—Farm and Fireside. "Pop, what's a cynic? A man who is fired of everybody?" "Yes, son, and who thres everybody." → Philadelphia Ledger. SECURITY CEMENT AND LIME BERKELEY PRODUCTS BERKELEY W VA COUNTY We Make Agric GROUND LUMP LIM GROUND HYDRATE Based on the experi- recommend BERKELEY cheapest under ordinary labor of handling and spru Ask Vo Security Cement Make All Agricultural UND LIMEST UP LIME UND LIME GRATED LIME experience of KELEY Hydrate ordinary condition and spreading is Based on the experience of our customers we recommend BERKELEY Hydrate as the best and cheapest under ordinary conditions of use, where labor of handling and spreading is a factor. Ask Your Dealer ment @ L MA ROST-PR E PLAN GERATX'S FRO ```markdown ``` tough, hardy and b in the field a month a means solid heads to ' plants are g degrees above Cabbage plants are ha We are so sure of tols cents for fifty—if the better heads than ye Cabbage plants will be time for planting in subscription; we will clow and get fifty plants sen These "Frost-Proof" plants are guaranteed to stand a temperature of ten degrees above zero without injury. Geraty's "Frost-Proof" Cabbage plants are hardier, better, and worth more than the ordinary plants. We are so sure of this that we agree to refund the full value of the plants—25 cents for fifty—if they are not satisfactory and do not produce earlier and better heads than you grow from other plants—you to be the judge. Geraty's "Frost-Proof" Cabbage plants will be shipped direct to you from Yonges Island at the proper time for planting in your territory. Send us the coupon with the price of the subscription; we will order the plants. If you want 100 of the above plants sent is One Dollar for one year's sub- subscription to the PIONEER PRESS, either new or renewal subscription one year in advance, together with the coupon below filled out, and we will have the plants sent to you by mail ABSOLUTELY FREE. If you want more than 100 we will send you 100 additional for each and every subscription you send in, either of your neighbor or some friend that is now living away. :o: COUPON:o: 1915 Pioneer Press: Enclosed find $125 for One Year's Subscription in advance. Please Mr. Ship about 1915. Send paper to More to Come. Defined. HAGEMSTOWN, In a Vienna school for the deaf and dumb, where lip reading is taught, a course has been established for the special purpose of teaching the art to detectives. The possibilities of lip reading, says the author of the account in the Volta Review, have been exaggerated. But they are sufficient to cause authorities to think the instruction of detectives worth while. When a detective becomes proficient, he is able to learn something of the conversation between people who are visible, but out of earshot. The article says that at from 50 to 100 feet it is possible for an expert to get the general run of a conversation. Some reading has been done with glasses at a distance of 125 feet. Instruction and practice in the art must be very thorough if the detective is to use it to real advantage in his work. MARTINSBURG. WEST VIRGINIA Practices in all the Courts of West Virginia, the Supreme Court of Appeals and the United States Courts. The All Forms Of Cultural Lime LIMESTONE E LIME O LIME ence of our customers we Hydrate as the best and conditions of use, where leading is a factor. Er Dealer T-PROOF FREE We have just made an arrangement with the biggest Cabbage Plant grower in the country—W. C. Geraty Co., Yonges Island, S. C., to furnish us with extra-choice "Frost - Proof" plants, which we are going to give away free. These plants are grown on an island just off the coast, where the brink, cold breezes of the Atlantic make them hardy and healthy. The big advantage is old a month or six weeks earlier than old heads three or four weeks earlier. are guaranteed to stand above zero without injury. plants are hardier, better, and worth more use of this that we agree to refund the fifty—if they are not satisfactory andids than you grow from other plants—plants will be shipped direct to you from planting in your territory. Send us the on; we will order the plants. and get fifty or more plants free to us One Dollar for one year's sub Lip Reading Detectives. J. R. CLIFFORD Attorney At Law SECURITY CORPORATION PORTLAND CEMENT SECURITY MD. Everyone who has a garden wants Cabbages. They need little space—a foot or so apart—and a garden an "big as a handkerchief" has room for at least fifty plants. apt to affe LIVED IN MISERY. "I suffered greatly from nervousness and headaches. The least excitement gave me dreadful pain. I began using Dr. Miles' Nervine and a few days later started to take Dr. Miles' Heart Treatment. I soon got so much better that I was encouraged and continued taking the two remedies until I was so well that work was no bother to me at all." and continual standing may weaken the Heart. Dr. Miles' Nervine is invaluable for Nervous troubles, and for the Heart Dr. Miles' Heart Treatment is highly recommended. IF FIRST BOTTLE FAILS TO BENEFIT YOU, YOUR MONEY WILL BE REFUNDED. --- Are You a Women? Take Cardui The Woman's Tonic FOR SALE AT ALL DRUGISTS Our West Virginia Grown NURSERY STOCK. Fine canvassing outfit FREE. Cash Commissions Paid Weekly. Write for terms. The Star Hair C A Wonderful Hair Dressing a One thousand Hair Grower Dressing and Grower The Star Hair Grower One thousand agents wanted. Good money made. We want agents in every city and village to sell THE STAR HAIR GROWER. This is a wonderful preparation. Can be used with or without straightening irons. Sells to 25c per box or e 25c box will prove its value. Any person that will use a 25c box will be convinced. No matter who has failed to grow your hair, just give THE STAR HAIR GROWER airtie and be convinced. Send 25c for size box. If you wish to be an agent send $1.00 and we will send you a full supply that you can begin work with once; also agents' terms. Send all money by money order to The Star Hair Grower M FARE $3.92 DAILY CLE DAILY BETWEEN CLEVELAND & BUFFALO FARE $3.00 DAILY BETWEEN CLEVELAND & BUFFALO The Great Ship "SEEANDDEE" The largest land immediately nearer on any island water of the world. Sleeping accommodations for 10 passengers for 3 hours. "CITY OF BUFFALO" 3 Luminous Chambers —— "CITY OF BUFFALO" CLEVELAND—Daily, May 1st to Dec. 1st—BUFFALO Leave Cleveland - 6:00 P.M. Leave Buffalo - 8:00 P.M. Arrive Buffalo - 6:30 A.M. Arrive Cleveland - 6:30 A.M. (Central Standard Time) Connections at Buffalo for Niagara Falls and all Eastern and Canadian points. Railroad tickets reading between Cleveland and Buffalo are good for transportation on our steamers. Ask your ticket agent for tickets via C. & B. Line. Beautifully colored sectional puzzle cards, showing both exterior and interior of The Great Ship "SEEANDBEE" sent on receipt of five cents to caver postage and mailing. Also ask for our 21-page pictorial and descriptive booklet free. THE CLEVELAND & BUFFALO TRANSIT CO., Cleveland, Ohio BUY IT TODAY 300 PICTURES 250 PAGES 300 ARTICLES POPULAR MECHANICS MAGAZINE For Father and Son AND ALL THE FAMILY Two and a half million readers find it a absorbing interest. Everything in it is written so You Can Enjoy and it will sell 400,000 copies every month without causing irritation and harm to the readers. An annual order will be sent to the publisher for free copies, in postal will do. SUNDAY A YEAR • LIST A COPY Popular Mechanics Magazine © P. W. WILSON AU. CHICAGO . Striving to satisfy the demands of everyone is Mason City, W. VA. 1113 Clark Street, EVANSTON, ILLINOIS ORPHANS IN HOLLAND. In Some Cities They Are Dressed In Most Crotesque Fashion. The Dutch dinner from the Chinese in announcing to the world the birth of children only in the article displayed. The Chinamen hang a piece of ginger over the main entrance to the house, while the Hollanders indicate the event by a piece of face, combining with the lace a pink background for a boy and tinsel for a girl. The orphans of some of the cities of Holland are quite conspicuous, and especially so when seen on the streets of Amsterdam, dressed in what might be termed half and half clothing. The east half of a boy's coat, including the sleeve, is red, while the west half is black. The dresses of girls are divided in a similar manner, but are topped off by becoming white caps, which make the young misses look very neat and attractive. This singular style of dress is said to have been adopted to enable the railroad officals, as well as the authorities, to keep track of them, says the National Geographical Magazine. As the orphan mystems of Holland have the control of children committed to them until they are of age, the more mature of the unfortunates (wearing these odd garments in public) present a very striking appearance. INFLATING A TIRE. A Way to Test It When There Is No Pressure Gauge Handy. Thine was when every tire manufacturer warned all and sundry to inflate their tires to a high degree of pressure, and more probably than not this was due to the fact that in those days all pumping was done by hand and with very inefficient implements. The correct thing to do nowadays, of course, is to consult a standard table of requisite pressures, according to the size of tire and the load to be carried, and to use this in conjunction with a reliable gauge. But there is also a rough and ready method which is by no means indeterminate if no pressure gauge is handy, and that is to take the car out on to a dry road which is in a bad state of repair and full of holes. Preferably there should be no passengers on the rear seats. If the driving wheels are pumped up too hard the driver will experience a constant sensation of incipient skidding, and though he may not actually side slip, he will not find the car by any means easy to steer. This is evidence that the tires are so hard that they are bumping over obstacles instead of absorbing them without leaving the ground.—New York World. Dust and the Lungs. Where there is less dust there is less tuberculosis. This disease is responsible for almost exactly one-quarter of all the deaths among wage earners in this country between the ages of fifteen and thirty-five. It is also responsible for almost exactly one out of every three deaths that come between the ages of twenty and forty years to both male and female wage earners. The death rate from tuberculosis among agriculturists may be put at 106 per hundred thousand. In comparison with this the death rate from tuberculosis among those engaged in cotton manufacture is 202; brass work, 279; copper work, 291; glass making, 295; earthenware, 333; cutlery, 382; file making, 402. Other statistics might be given showing the same thing—namely, that tuberculosis is intimately associated with certain occupations, especially those giving rise to dust, metallic mineral or organic. Sunshine and Dust. There is more dust in the places illuminated by the sun's rays than in those which we call shady. If you look along a beam of light as it streams through a window or a chink in the door you will see innumerable dust particles dancing about in the light. You will be told by most persons that there is just as much dust in the non-illuminated parts of the room as in the more favored spaces, but you cannot see the particles because the rays do not fall directly upon them. You will think that this is evidently plausible, but it is not the case. The sun falling upon the air creates irregular currents, and these currents stir up the dust and collect it in layers along the line of fight; hence there is more dust where the sun shines than elsewhere.—Exchange. How He Got His Clothes. Mrs. Oldfam—Do you belong to many clubs, Mr. Clymer? Mr. Clymer—Only a suit club, Mrs. Oldfam, but we call it a "coterie."—Philadelphia Bulletin. Church—What do you suppose made the Tower of Pisa lean so? Gotham—Why, it was probably the heavy mortgage on it.—Yonkers Statesman. The best way to get along with some people is to get along without them.—Chicago Journal. It is what you have been dreaming of for years. To discover an article that would actually straighten colored t-dies hair without the use of Hot Irons or Heated Combs. KONGOLENE does it not more too. It makes Coarse, Harsh, Stubborn, Nappy-looking hair SOFT and SILKY. but you have been dreaming of for years. 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