The Pioneer Press

The Pioneer Press. "HERE SHALL THE PRESS, THE PEOPLE'N RIGHTS MAINTAIN, UNAWED BY INFLUENCE AND UNBRIBED BY GAIN" ESTABLISHED 1882 INVISIBLE ICEBERGS. Conditions Under Which They Cannot Be Seen on Clear Nights. In a recent communication to the New York Tribune Abbott H. Thayer, the artist, asserts that many vessels have been lost by collisions with icebergs because under certain conditions of sky and light they are invisible. He cites the fact that on the occasion of the Titanic disaster, although the black ship was clearly visible to survivors at a distance of several miles, they could not see the white bergs against which they actually heard the wash of the sea. Mr. Thayer claims that on a clear, starry night the bergs are so nearly the same color as the sky that they are totally invisible and that the same is the case under many conditions of cloudiness, the only exception being when the side of the berg viewed is in such shadow that it shows black against the sky. In other words, it is impossible to see white against white In answer to the criticism of those who say they never saw a berg at night that was the color of the sky the answer is that this is very natural, because this is the very condition under which the berg is invisible. Mr. Thayer makes the suggeston that a very simple way to avoid the danger of colliding with an invisible berg would be to use a searchlight. The reflection would show up the berg very plainly. ROMANCE IN GEOGRAPHY. Names That Speak of Achievement and of Desperate Need. Geography is a fascinating study. The history of the human race is written in large characters on the earth's surface for the seeing eye. Most people know that Pike's peak commemorates the explorations of a daring young officer early in the last century. But how many know that in the name of the Bill Williams river lingers the only memorial to a famous trapper and Indian fighter of Kit Carson's time, to whom the Rocky mountain country was an open book before even Fremont "blazed the trail" to the Pacific. It is around Hudson straits that names cry most loudly of achievement and of desperate need. Fancy what the Bay of God's Mercy meant to the man who first gave it that name! Or the heart breaking effort indicated by Terror point. Contrast Repulse bay and Mistake bay with the peace implied in Home bay and Cape Comfort. It is difficult to estimate the exact depth and breadth of the irony that found vent in Navy Board inlet, while Mary Jones bay fairly breathes a longing for the commonplace comforts and safety of home. Resolution island and Hope's Advance bay speak sturdily of the undiminished courage of whalers or explorers in those barren waters.—Outing. The Building of Blenheim. Blenheim palace was built out of the first grant ever voted by parliament in return for public services. But the treasury proved so slow in dolling out the money for the building that the architect, Sir John Vanbrugh, tried to extract an advance from the Duke of Marlborough to pay the workmen when their wages fell into arrear. Marlborough refused to be bled. According to Isaac Disraeli, the duke, "aware that if he gave any order or suggested any alteration he might be involved in the expense of the building, was never to be circumvented—never to be surprised into a spontaneous emotion of pleasure or disapprobation. Although friendly with Vanbrugh, he never spoke to him or to any one acting under his orders about Blenheim."—London Globe. Wild Cinnamon. Although the cultivation of cinnamon on the plantations in French Indo-China is constantly increasing, most of the product is obtained from a wild shrub growing in the forest. When a native discovers a cinnamon tree he must make a declaration before the local administration, who cut down the tree and authenticate its product. The profits accruing to the discoverer of a single tree sometimes reach a large sum. The variety most prized is the wild royal cinnamon of Thanh-Hoa, which is thought by the Chinese to possess a high medicinal value. FIRST ARMY MEDAL It Was Issued After Cromwell Defeated the Scots In 1650. The first medal issued as a reward for military service was struck by order of parliament to celebrate a victory of English troops over the Scotch. When the news reached London that Cromwell had defeated the Scots at Dunbar on Sept. 3, 1650, the house of commons instructed Thomas Simon, chief engraver to the mint, to proceed to Edinburgh and design a medal in honor of the event, of which a leading feature should be a portrait of the victorious general. The result was a lifelike portrait of Cromwell in profile, and over his head is engraved the battle cry of his iron-sides, "The lord of hosts." On the reverse there is a wonderful representation in miniature of the house of commons in session. This medal was given to all officers and privates alike who fought in Scotland, but this democratic practice was discontinued till revived in 1815 at the suggestion of the Duke of Wellington for the troops under his command at Waterloo.—London Telegraph. Antiquity of Fishing. Probably no branch of industry can lay claim to greater antiquity than that of fishing. Its origin would seem to be coeval with the earliest efforts of human ingenuity, for the oldest monuments of antiquity show the fisherman in full possession of the implements of his calling, and even those tribes of savages which have learned neither to keep flocks nor to till the fields are skilled in the fabrication of the hook, the fish spear and the net. The earliest civilization of the eastern Mediterranean was begun with fishing. Sidon, which means "fishery," was originally a fishing village, and its enterprising inhabitants devoted their attention mainly to the collection of a certain kind of mollusks, from which they prepared the famous tyrian purple, prized more highly for the richness and variety of its hues than any other dye known to the ancients. Women Author's Pen Names. Among the noted women authors who wrote under pen names are the following: Mrs. Mary Ann Evans Cross as George Elliot, Baroness Dudevant as George Sand, Klara Mundt as Louise Muhlbach, Mrs. Craik as Miss Mulock, Charlotte Bronte as Currer Bell, Emily Bronte as Alice Bell, Mrs. Sarah Parton as Fanny Fern, Abigail Hamilton Dodge as Gail Hamilton, Mrs. Lippincott as Grace Greenwood, Mrs. Terhune as Marion Harland, Louise de la Ramee as Ouida, Sarah Smith as Hesba Stretton, Susan Warner as Elizabeth Wetherell, Miss Murfree as Charles Egbert Craddock, Alice French as Octave Thanet, Mrs. Elizabeth Akers Allen as Florence Percy, Laura C. Reddon as Howard Glyndon, Miss Woolsey as Susan Coolidre. As to Insults. The quotation "No gentleman would insult me; none other can," is credited to John Quincy Adams, who is said to have made the reply when he was told that a man had spoken to him so rudely that he ought to send a challenge to a duel, and it is said also to have been used by Senator W. H. Seward in a debate growing out of the assault upon Senator Sumner by Preston Brooks in 1856, but it is pointed out that the quotation A moral, sensible, well bred man Will not affront me, and no other can is to be found in William Cowper's "Conversation."—Boston Globe. Those Were the Times. "The first of our line, Sir Higgledy Piggledy, founded the family fortunes with a grist mill he ran." "When did he run this grist mill?" "Back in 1560 or thereabouts." "Oh, yes. I've often heard that those were the times when knighthood was in flour."—Louisville Courier-Journal. Ought to Sell. "In case your auto hits anything this device makes a cloud of smoke for you to get away in. No chance for identification." - Louisville Courier Journal. The amen of nature is always a flower.—Holmes. CHOOSING MUTTON. Rules to Guide Those Who Want to Be Careful Buyers. Mutton is generally considered the most healthful meat and is eaten by many to the exclusion of any variety, consequently great care should be exercised in the selection, and a little time should be given to the study of quality. In buying mutton or lamb care should be taken to see that the fat is clear, hard and white, as mutton with soft of yellow fat indicates too long a stay in cold storage. It might appear that a great quantity of fat on mutton signifies waste, but the lean part is much juicier and more tender when this is the case, so the wise housewife makes purchases with this in view. The leg has the least fat in proportion to weight. Next comes the shoulder. The color of lean mutton is a deep red. Lamb is good to eat when a year old and is much more digestible than other immature meat, such as veal or young pork. The wise housewife knows the value of nutrition, so she will hesitate about buying lamb merely because it is in the market, as it is generally expensive. The meat of spring lamb should be a clear pink, with plenty of pure white fat.—New York Sum. Why Is It? If a young woman is arrested for stealing a bottle of milk and later explains she did it to keep her baby from starving, no judge or jury will convict her and folks will flock to her side of fering assistance. Why is it there isn't any way to know the circumstances until the poor girl is forced to steal the milk?—St. Louis Post Dispatch. Mean Thing. Patience—I don't think Will is at all observing. Patrice—You don't? "No, I don't." "Well, I do. Why, he said the other night that you had twice as much color on one cheek as on the other."—Yonkers Statesman. Quite Necessary. Victim - I tomaine poisoning, eh? Well, I surely was a blame foot to eat the stuff Doctor Pot, my dear sir, you can't establish yourself as a recognized epicure without a touch of tomaine now and then - Cleveland Plain Dealer. Where the Day Went. "Where can the day have gone?" exclaimed mamma, as she lighted the evening lamp. "I think its gone to heaven, mamma." answered wee Beth sweetly - Exchange The Unexpected. "Sir, I admit being a poor man, but I am determined to marry your daughter in spite of her wealth." "Oh, well, if that's the case I'll just remove the obstacle"—Judge. Fashion Changes Mrs. Nuwed- When we got married didn't you promise me a new hat every season? Nuwed- But you never told me that there were about a dozen hat seasons in a year. Life. Foresight is very wise, but fore sorrow is very foolish, and castles are at any rate better than dungeons in the air.—Sir John Lublock. Sucking Fish. A curious looking object is the sucking fish, which has a peculiar disk fitted to the crown of its head. By means of this it attaches itself to any fish it chooses—a shark or whale, for instance, or turtles and even ships—and so it is carried about without any trouble. When once attached they stick like glue, and they are occasionally used for purposes of fishing. A line is fixed to the fish's tail, which is then set free. As soon as it discovers a fish or a turtle it takes a firm hold. In the simplest form of fishing the line is dragged in and the sucking fish hauled up, together with its captive. In the case of a turtle the fisherman dives after the line and so secures the victim. 2. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. 45. 46. 47. 48. 49. 50. 51. 52. 53. 54. 55. 56. 57. 58. 59. 60. 61. 62. 63. 64. 65. 66. 67. 68. 69. 70. 71. 72. 73. 74. 75. 76. 77. 78. 79. 80. 81. 82. 83. 84. 85. 86. 87. 88. 89. 90. 91. 92. 93. 94. 95. 96. 97. 98. 99. 100. TWELVE INCH SHELLS. These Big Projectiles Carry a Thirty Pound Explosive Charge. High power projectiles are constructed with cavities in their centers which contain the explosive charge, the explosive carried varying with the size of the projectile. A twelve inch shell, weighing 870 pounds, carries about thirty pounds of explosive. The cavity of such a projectile is about seven inches in diameter at the base, and gradually tapers in size toward the point. After the charge is placed in the projectile a plug is screwed into the base, thus sealing up the explosive, and a fuse is inserted in the center of the plug extending into the explosive within the cavity. The fuse, without which the explosive is harmless, depends upon the high rotary motion of the shell to become active. This rotary motion is imparted by the rifting of the gun. In the smooth surface of the tube are cut the rifting grooves of a width of about one eighth inch. Round the shell, near its base, in a groove cut for the purpose, is compressed what is known as the rotating band. This band projects above the surface of the shell and corresponds with the rifting grooves, so that upon its discharge it is forced into the riling, where it acts as a seal to prevent the escape of the gas formed by the exploding powder and gives the shell the required rotary motion, which keeps it on its true course with its point always in a direct line ahead. London Tit Bats PECULIAR OCCUPATIONS Those of the Bacteriologist, Anthropologist and Plant Doctor What man leads the most peculiar modern life? The question is not an easy one to answer offhand, but it is doubtful if any one spends his days in a more strange manner than the bacteriologist. Day after day, week after week, year after year he works in the laboratory, into which only the privileged may enter, studying the microbes of disease. He may not open the window lest he infect the whole neighborhood with typhoid or diphtheria, or any other diseases with which he is at close quarters all day. He encourages bacteria to multiply, and then through a microscope, or sometimes with the naked eye, he watches how they spend their time, in order that he may combat their deadly influence. While the bacteriologist looks forward, the anthropologist looks backward. He is the man who dashes off to any place when he hears a deep excavation is being made, and hopes always that he will find a skeleton, and especially a skull, for he is never so happy as when he unearths human relies going back centuries. The plant doctor is akin to the bacteriologist, for, like the latter, he spends much of his time in the laboratory, not studying the enemies of the human world, but the enemies of the plant world, and he is very proud when, after diagnosing and treating the various ailments of flowers, he runs across, say, the enemy of a rose, and finds how it may be kept from doing harm. —London Tit Bits. Between Girls. "How can you be engaged to a man who is sixty years old? He has, however, given you some magnificent presents." "That's the point. A first love is romantic, but a last love is very lavish." —Louisville Courier-Journal. A Good Curriculum "So your daughter Jane has returned from college. Has the school a good curriculum?" "Oh, yes: Jane had a special suit made for it an exercised there every day on the horizontal bars."—Florida Times-Union. A Warning. Doctor—You've had a terrible shock. Patient—It's up to you to see that I don't have another when I get your bill—Baltimore American. Which Side or Both? Officer—Why have you only one spun on? Private—If I get one side of the horse to move. I get the other, don't I? —Every Week. CASTLE OF DESPOND. It Got Its Dismal Name From a Tragedy Born of Love. One of the finest French renaissance buildings in France is the Castle of Despond, famous in the legendary lore of the Toulousian country in which it stands. Over the window of one of the inner courtyards is sculptured in the stone a head above the motto, "Plus d'Espoir." These were the last words of Rose de Martial, whose story has been sung by the poets of Toulouse. Rose de Martial was the daughter of the house of Martial, to whom the castle belonged, and she was courted by the lord of Castelnat, whose manor she could see from her window. But, although she was beautiful and tender hearted, the lord jilted her, and she fell into a melancholy. She sat every day by the window, whence she could see the fickle lord of Castelnat's manor. One morning he passed by in the valley below. She sang to him, but he never looked up. "Plus d'Espoir!" she cried and threw herself out of the window on to the flags below, where she was killed. The manor of Martial was known thenceforward as the Castle of Despond. The fine building was falling to ruins when M. Fenaille bought it, and he had it completely and skillfully restored before making a gift of it to the nation. DEEP SEA FISHES. Some That Get Along With Only One Meal or So a Year. There are more than 50,000,000 square miles covered by a depth of three miles of sea, but even at this great depth where the pressure of the water above would instantly crush a man's body to pulp there is a great world of life. Many of the fish and other creatures of the deep are blind. They are, however, able to see by means of the lights which they carry themselves. The "lamps" are little organs dotted over the body, and with the light from them, which is made in much the same marvelous way as the glow worm's, they can use their bulging eyes to see what is going on about them. But even with the ready made lighting apparatus and telescope eyes it is a difficult business finding a dinner, so the fish have jaws with an enormous gape and a stomach so elastic that they can accommodate a larger fish than these voracious eaters themselves. When they have made such a capture they retire for something like a year's meditation to digest the meal, two or three of which are sufficient to last an average lifetime.—London Answers. A Prize Baby Little Minnie was having a birthday party, and some of the little guests were discussing the merits of the babies in their homes. "My little sister is only five months old," remarked Annie, "and she has two teeth." "My little sister," said Nellie, "is only six months old and she has three." Minnie was silent for a moment, then she burst forth: "My little sister hasn't got any teeth yet, but when she does have some they're going to be gold ones!"—New York Times. His Mother's Son. At the annual prize day of a certain school the head boy rose to give his recitation. "Friends, Romans, countrymen," he vowiferated, "lend me your cars!" "There," commented the mother of a defeated pupil sneeringly, "that's Mrs. Jones' boy! He wouldn't be his mother's son if he didn't want to borrow something."—Kansas City Star. Brooklyn Navy Yard. The Brooklyn navy yard was established Feb. 23, 1801, when the first land, twenty-three acres, was bought from one John Jackson for $40,000. The yard now comprises 144 acres and has a waterfront of nearly three miles, protected by a sea wall of granite. New York American. Christianity is mankind's boon. apt to affe LIVED IN MISERY. "I suffered greatly from nervousness and headaches. The least excitement gave me dreadful pain. I began using Dr. Miles' Nervine and a few days later started to take Dr. Miles' Heart Treatment. I soon got so much better that I was encouraged and continued taking the two remedies until I was so well that work was no bother to me at all." and continual standing may weaken the Heart. Dr. Miles' Nervine is invaluable for Nervous troubles, and for the Heart Dr. Miles' Heart Treatment is highly recommended. IF FIRST BOTTLE FAILS TO BENEFIT YOU, YOUR MONEY WILL BE REFUNDED. --- Are You a Women? Take Cardui The Woman's Tonic FOR SALE AT ALL DRUGISTS Our West Virginia Grown NURSERY STOCK. Fine canvassing outfit FREE. Cash Commissions Paid Weekly. Write for terms. The Star Hair C A Wonderful Hair Dressing a One thousand Hair Grower Dressing and Grower The Star Hair Grower One thousand agents wanted. Good money made. We want agents in every city and village to sell THE STAR HAIR GROWER. This is a wonderful preparation. Can be used with or without straightening irons. Sells to 25c per box or e 25c box will prove its value. Any person that will use a 25c box will be convinced. 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In Some Cities They Are Dressed In Most Crotesque Fashion. The Dutch dinner from the Chinese in announcing to the world the birth of children only in the article displayed. The Chinamen hang a piece of ginger over the main entrance to the house, while the Hollanders indicate the event by a piece of face, combining with the lace a pink background for a boy and tinsel for a girl. The orphans of some of the cities of Holland are quite conspicuous, and especially so when seen on the streets of Amsterdam, dressed in what might be termed half and half clothing. The east half of a boy's coat, including the sleeve, is red, while the west half is black. The dresses of girls are divided in a similar manner, but are topped off by becoming white caps, which make the young misses look very neat and attractive. This singular style of dress is said to have been adopted to enable the railroad officals, as well as the authorities, to keep track of them, says the National Geographical Magazine. As the orphan mystems of Holland have the control of children committed to them until they are of age, the more mature of the unfortunates (wearing these odd garments in public) present a very striking appearance. INFLATING A TIRE. A Way to Test It When There Is No Pressure Gauge Handy. Thine was when every tire manufacturer warned all and sundry to inflate their tires to a high degree of pressure, and more probably than not this was due to the fact that in those days all pumping was done by hand and with very inefficient implements. The correct thing to do nowadays, of course, is to consult a standard table of requisite pressures, according to the size of tire and the load to be carried, and to use this in conjunction with a reliable gauge. But there is also a rough and ready method which is by no means indeterminate if no pressure gauge is handy, and that is to take the car out on to a dry road which is in a bad state of repair and full of holes. Preferably there should be no passengers on the rear seats. If the driving wheels are pumped up too hard the driver will experience a constant sensation of incipient skidding, and though he may not actually side slip, he will not find the car by any means easy to steer. This is evidence that the tires are so hard that they are bumping over obstacles instead of absorbing them without leaving the ground.—New York World. Dust and the Lungs. Where there is less dust there is less tuberculosis. This disease is responsible for almost exactly one-quarter of all the deaths among wage earners in this country between the ages of fifteen and thirty-five. It is also responsible for almost exactly one out of every three deaths that come between the ages of twenty and forty years to both male and female wage earners. The death rate from tuberculosis among agriculturists may be put at 106 per hundred thousand. In comparison with this the death rate from tuberculosis among those engaged in cotton manufacture is 202; brass work, 279; copper work, 291; glass making, 295; earthenware, 333; cutlery, 382; file making, 402. Other statistics might be given showing the same thing—namely, that tuberculosis is intimately associated with certain occupations, especially those giving rise to dust, metallic mineral or organic. Sunshine and Dust. There is more dust in the places illuminated by the sun's rays than in those which we call shady. If you look along a beam of light as it streams through a window or a chink in the door you will see innumerable dust particles dancing about in the light. You will be told by most persons that there is just as much dust in the non-illuminated parts of the room as in the more favored spaces, but you cannot see the particles because the rays do not fall directly upon them. You will think that this is evidently plausible, but it is not the case. The sun falling upon the air creates irregular currents, and these currents stir up the dust and collect it in layers along the line of fight; hence there is more dust where the sun shines than elsewhere.—Exchange. How He Got His Clothes. Mrs. Oldfam—Do you belong to many clubs, Mr. Clymer? Mr. Clymer—Only a suit club, Mrs. Oldfam, but we call it a "coterie."—Philadelphia Bulletin. Church—What do you suppose made the Tower of Pisa lean so? Gotham—Why, it was probably the heavy mortgage on it.—Yonkers Statesman. The best way to get along with some people is to get along without them.—Chicago Journal. It is what you have been dreaming of for years. To discover an article that would actually straighten colored t-dies hair without the use of Hot Irons or Heated Combs. KONGOLENE does it not more too. It makes Coarse, Harsh, Stubborn, Nappy-looking hair SOFT and SILKY. but you have been dreaming of for years. 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It has been helping weak, ailing women for more than fifty years. WAR H All are whole wor question? Are s glistening just serene AR! What Is It All About? whole world gone stark mad over a very foolish and trivial jion? Are swords rattling, cannon rumbling, mailed armour just seeming Rovich wanted to show her love for the little brother. Sorvin? ```markdown ``` WAR! What Is It All About? Has the whole world gone stark mad over a very foolish and trivial question? Are swords rattling, cannon rumbling, mailed armour clustering just because Russia wanted to show her love for the little brother - Sorin? ```markdown ``` Duruy's History of the World Four splendid cloth volumes, full of portraits, sketches, maps, diagrams Today is the climax of a hundred years of preparation. 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