The Pioneer Press

The Pioneer Press. "HERE SHALL THE PRESS, THE PEOPLE'S RIGHTS MAINTAIN, UNAWED BY INFLUENCE AND UNBRIDED BY GAIN" Department of Archives. The "HERE SHALL THE ESTABLISHED 1882. MAR FIRST FROST OF SEASON FALLS IN BERKELEY CO. THERMOMETER DROPS TO 32 DEGREES AND HIGHLANDS AND VALLEYS ARE COVERED WITH WHITE, THOUGH NO DAMAGE TO CROPS IS NOTICEABLE—WEATHER REPORT POMISES RISE IN TEMPERATURE BY TOMORROW AFTERNOON. The frost warnings sent broadcast throughout the eastern section of this country by the U. S. Weather Bureau were well founded, as a few hours of time proved. In Berkeley county and the entire Shenandoah Valley section, a white frost tell on hill and in valley, and also in the mountain regions in some places. At the Martinsburg government station conducted by Mr. George W. Van Metre, the thermometer early this morning registered at 32 degrees Fahrenheit. From reports gathered from many points the frost does not seem to have done any perceptible damage, even to such delicate vegetables as the tomato. Today the government weather reports indicate rising temperature by tomorrow afternoon, and agriculturists and fruit growers generally feel that the danger period of the first real cold snap is past. This cool spell, it is hoped, will be followed by the usual mild autumn weather of this section for a month or more now until corn and vegetable crops can be harvested and the apple crop gotten in storage. SINKING SHIPS WITHOUT A TRACE. It was extremely hard to believe the accounts of the alleged artocities committed by the German invading army in Belgium in the early days of the war. It would have been hard to believe such tales of any Christian nation; yes, even of the terrible Turk who is noted for his cruelty, yet as the war has progressed there has been no let up by Germany of her warfare of frightfulness. In fact, it has grown steadily, which forces one to admit that the German mind seems so constituted as to consider no crime too terrible to commit in behalf of the Fatherland. review of the war shows the Germans guilty of the murder of Belgian women and children, of slavery forced on French women prisoners,erial attacks on on military towns,inking of the Luisitania, deportation of Belgian workmen, murder of Edith Cavell and Capt. Fryatt, ruthless submarine warfare, sinking of hospital ships, water well poisoning on western front, compelling French prisoners to work on firing line, and aerial attacks on French, English and American hospitals. Germany being capable of committing such crimes seemingly without one pang of regret, is it any wonder that four-fifths of the world has taken up arms against her? Regardless of who started the war or how it was started is there a single human left, who professes to be a Christian, a law-abiding citizen and a believer in justice to all, that can still conscieniously support the German cause in the face of such actions? But that is not all. Germany even with such a long list of crimes would go further if she could. This is brought out in the notes of Charge d' Affairs Luxburg, of Buenos Aires, sent through the Sweden foreign fhee to Stockholm and THREE ALLEGED "BAD MEN" TAKEN THREE ALLEGED "BAD MEN" TAKEN MEN WHO DEFIED VIRGINIA AUTHORITIES CAPTURED AT OTTAWA, OHIO. HARRISONBURG, Va., Sept. 11. Three members of the gang which defied Sheriff W. D. Stoner and a pose of citizens two months ago in the mountains of Shenandoah county have been arrested at Ottawa, Ohio. They will be brought back to Virginia for trial at Woodstock. Walter Paul Neff and two others whose names were not given in the telegram announcing the arrests are the men held for the Virginia authorities. The men were carrying two revolvers each when arrested. The trouble started at New Market when Sheriff Stoner attempted to arrest Mike Neff, brother of Paul, for jumping a ball bond. Friends of Neff interfered, and the officers were beaten. The men then secured arms and ammunition, and after intrenching themselves in the mountains defied the posses sent out to effect their capture. About 120 shots were exchanged. DRAFTING THE DOCTORS If there shall be no exemption of medical students from the draft for service in the ranks of the national army, the supply of trained men for service with the ambulances and in the medical corps of the battlefield is likely to be imperilled should the war continue for any length of time. And—what is equally important for consideration—if the present rate of enlistment from the medical profession in the army service and its auxiliaries shall be supplemented by a non-selective draft, the necessary medical and surgical service of the home communities will be impaired, if not actually imperilled—Philadelphia Bulletin. THEORY THAT DON'T WORK A great social truth was enunciated by the janitor of a New York apartment house, who had lost his job he explained, by his wife's jealousy of the elevator girls he had employed, and was being sued by her for non-support. "Girls are girls," said this shrewd observer, "and you have to pay more attention to them than you do to men." The theory that women who go into business should be treated "just like men" is held by many, especially by the women themaelves. It is an excellent theory but it does not always work.—Philadelphia Ledger. A WAY TO DODGE TROUBLE A WAY TO DODGE TROUBLE. The Observer would take occasion to renew its suggestion that in the offer of Cuba to furnish training grounds the War Department has at hand a ready solution to the problem of the training of negro troops. When there are so many other available locations for the training of negro troops, and locations even more desirable, it is a false and dangerous policy for the War Department to insist on forcing these negro troops on a citizenship that does not want them, and where, even if they are not objected to, their very presence would surely be provocative of friction and race rioting.—Charlotte Observer. thence to Berlin, wherein it was advised that if any more Argentine vessels were sunk, that they should be sent down "without leaving a trace." That Germany for once was somewhat humane and did not follow Count Luxburg's advice may have been because she did not have the opportunity, or considered the game not worth the candle, inasmuch as practically all of Argentina's vessels are quite small, in which case the sinking of one or several would have meant little, if anything, to Germany and might have brought another enemy into the war.—Wheeling Register. CASE RESTS ON SWEDEN TO MAKE THE NEXT MOVE OFFICIALS NEW SIGNIFICANCE ON ATTACKS ON AMERICAN TRANSPORTS. RIVALS "SCRAP OF PAPER" AND MAY EXPLAIN "ELIMINATING" PASSENGERS AND CREWS — MAY EXPLAIN LEAKS OF INFORMATION TO THE U-BOATS WASHINGTON, Sept. 11. While awaiting with interest news as to how the people of Sweden will view the international perfidy of those in charge of the foreign policy of their government, Seretary Lansing has rested his case squarely on the evidence of the Count Luxburg (elegrams. It is Sweden's next move. Officially, neither the United States nor the entente governments have asked what this move is to be, trusting first to the sense of honor of the Swedish people to appreciate what the situation calls for. Secretary Lansing yesterday declined to say whether the Luxburg telegrams were sent in German or Swedish code. Whitever code used it was made the official Swedish code for the occasion it was explained. Developments of the Day. The salient developments of the day here were the following: Intimations from the State Department that the Swedish people must not be prematurely judged for the faults of the government or to be more specific, the faults of officials sacrificing of neutrality in the interest of the Wilhelmtrasse. Definite statements that the United States government does not regard the question of whether or not the Stockholm foreign office knew the contents of the Luxburg telegrams as having any bearing on the international breach of faith in forwarding them to Berlin. [Recognitin at the State Department of the possibility that Swedish official sources may have been used to convey information to German Uboa's concerning the arrival of American desroyer forces and the transports of the Pershing expeditin in European waters. News Leaks to Germans. It is known here that the Germans by some mysterious means obtained advance information about the first destroyers sent to Europe and mined one of the harbors in the hope of blowing them up. It has likewise been practically established that German submarines had advance information of the route which the first contingents of Preshing's transports would probably take. No one here has yet been able to establish how this information was obtained. The proof of duplicity between the German and Swedish foreign office lends color to the belief that this informatin. Like the Luxburg telegrams, may have been part of "the official business" of the foreign office at Stockholm. Inquiry as to whether Swedish cipher messages have been passed by British and French censors from all points on the American continent develops the fact that they have been permitted to go forward. The implied guarantee of the Swedish government as to their neutral contents, has been recognized, it is explained, in minor instances of delay here has been prompt protests against the so- called holding-up of official government business. Guilty in U-Boat Campaigns Particular importance was attached at the state department and in diplomatic circles yesterday to the authoritative statement that the question of whether the Swedish foreign office knew the contents of the dispatches was "immaterial." Assuming that the contents were known, the officials in Stockholm were guilty of transmitting to Berlin specific information for the destruction of shipping by German U-boats. Assuming that the contents were not known, these officials were guilty of transmitting to Berlin information which might have been oven more detrimental to the interests of Germany's enemies. In the latter case Germany is given a blank check by the Swedish foreign office to be filed out in whatever manner desired. It might have been minute directions to U-boat American transports. Grave Breach of Neutrality It might have been anything so far as the Swedish foreign office was concerned. The breach of neutrality in permitting Germany to have carte blanche for the transmission of secret cipher messages is perhaps more serious than in permitting the specific Count Luxburg telegrams to go through to Berlin. From the viewpoint of recognized international procedure the Swedish government's offense is against Argentina and against Great Britain. The fact that Great Britain owns the cables makes it technically as well as otherwise an offense for the Swedish government to use the guarantee of its national honor as a means of getting secret German war measures by the censor. But of course, the real major offense consists in acting virtually as a secret ally of Germany while proposing neutrality. This offense which is charged up to the government are not the Swedish people is against a country with which Germany is at war, including the United States. Rivals Scrap of Paper. Indications are that the expression "spurious versenkt," used in the Count Luxburg telegrams will rival "scrap of paper" in typifying German war policies. Diplomates yesterday recalled various instances where reports have come from the war zone concerning apparently inexplicable barbarity on the part of U-boat commanders. It has been reported that lifeboats were fired on; that survivors struggling in the water were made targets for guns from the submarines, and that in some instances the U-boat commanders have taken the crews from lifeboats aboard the submarine, demolished the lifeboats and then submerged, leaving survivors to the mercy of the seas, with no apparent help in sight. Was this in pursuance to orders that certain ships must be "spurios versenkt?" This is a question seriously discussed here yesterday. The reports undoubtedly, it is explained, fit in with the Count Luxburg advice to sink vessels without leaving any trace of them, which means, of course, that even passengers, members of the crew and lifeboats must be eliminated. MISS JENNIE SMITH COMING MISS JENNIE SMITH COMING NOTED (RAILROAD EVANGELIST WILL SPEAK AT FIRST M. E. CHURCH WEDNESDAY. Miss Jonnie Smith, the noted rail- --- ess. BY GAIN" 36. NO. 128. 8. GAME OF "WAITING" BY W. VA. COAL MEN MAY PRESENT WELL-BACKED CLAIMS THAT PRICE FIXED IS TOO LOW. WASHINGTON, Sept. 11.—It is hoped here that conditions in connection with the efforts of the government to regulate the price and supply of coal will soon settle down so the coal producers, dealers and consumers may all know on what basis coal is to be handled hereafter. While prices to the producer at the mine have been fixed, no price has yet been established for the dealer or the consumer. It is not certain that the prices already fixed for the producer will be allowed to stand, for at the time the price was established it was stated that it was subject to change. West Virginia coal operators are understood to be only waiting the opportunity to present evidence to show that the price fixed for their mines is too low. Fuel Administrator Garfield is preparing to hear such evidence, from various sections but has requested that no immediate effort be made to get it before him, before the organization of his office is complete. West Virginia coal operators, it is stated here, have no desire to hamper the government in any way in its prosecution of the war but they have an honest difference of opinion from the President as to what should be considered a reasonable price for their product. They do not want to see West Virginia's greatest industry crippled and will make an effort to present their side of the case with a view to a possible change of prices. In the meantime it has been determined to appoint one state fuel administrator for each state. This man is not to be connected in any way with the coal mining industry. Several names have been suggested for the position in West Virginia, but the formal announcement of his appointment will be the first information as to who may be selected. That the coal situation in West Virginia is greatly in need of some action which will put an end to uncertainties is shown by the telegram sent a few days ago by Governor Cornwell, of West Virginia, to the War Department asking that one regiment of the West Virginia national guard be left in the state for use in case of a theratened coal strike. It is not known whether this will be done. CLOSE SCHOOLS EARLY IN DAY THAT PUPILS MAY HAVE TIME TO WORK, IS ADVICE OF SUPT. SHAWKEY. Boards of education throughout the state are advised by State Superintendent of Schools, M. P. Shawkey to establish an early opening and closing hour for the schools in their district, in order that the pupils can work in the afternoons. However, it is imperative, he adds, that our educational system be not neglected, and he urges that all the schools redouble their efforts to give the boys and girls of the state a thorough education. road evangelist, will speak at the First M. E. church on Wednesday evening at eight o'clock. She has a large number of friends in this city that will be pleased to hear her. The pastor of the First church urges his congregation to attend this meeting. 元富工業 THE PIONEER PRESS Entered at Postoffice, Martinsburg, West Virginia as second-class matter. Subscription Rates: One Year ..... $1.50 Six Months ..... 75 Three Months ..... 50 Issue every Saturday by J. R. Clifford, Editor and Owner. Drawer 869.....Bell Phone 101J SATURDAY, SEPT. 15, 1917. In the death of Hon. Harry S. Cummings, of Baltimore, that city, the colored race and the State of Maryland lost a character who has occupied a unique place in American history for upwards of quarter of a century. This was so because of his occupancy of a seat in Baltimore's City Council during a long period in which position he reflected credit upon the people with whom he was identified, and invariably retained the confidence and respect of his white Colleagues in the Council. It might prove an incentive to some aspiring young Negroes for them to be told that Councilman Cummings funeral was attended by Mayor Preston and the Council in a body, the flag on the City Hall flew at half-mast, the Council adjourned out of respect to him, and one or more Courts held brief sessions on the day his funeral was held. The McDowell Times, of Keystone, West Virginia, is asking that a colored man be appointed to a place in the Workmen's Compensation Department. It is but fit and proper that the Times makes this demand, because the appointment of one colored man to a place in this department would be but scant recognition to a race of people who compose twenty-eight thousand of the electorate of this State. It is an established fact that 99 per cent of these votes go to the Republican party, and that organization should see to it that its black contingent be fairly dealt with as regards a proper apportionment of officeholding. The Negro everywhere is tiring of doing all the voting, and none of the office-holding, and those of the "Little Mountain State" are going to become no exception to this new rule that they have inaugurated for their political benefit. So keep up the fight, Messrs. Whittico and Hill, of the Times, and your brother Clifford, of the Pioneer Press, will render you all the assistance he possibly can. The War Department, through its gentlemanly and erudite Secretary, Hon. Newton Diehl Baker, has put its stamp of official approval on an expressed determination to train Negroes for the New National Army at every cantonment which is located in the South. It is the only logical conclusion to reach, and especially is this so when our government is waging a war for "World Freedom and Democracy." To be consistent, there should be no distinctions of any kind, anywhere in the United States that Uncle Sam has domain. Later, we learn that our friend, the Secretary of war has changed his mind and decreed there shall be separate training camps for Uncle Sam's loyal Negro soldiers and that they shall not be allowed to go in the South for training. We are curious to know why so suddenly changed? Was it in compliance of the Houston Daily Post's order that Negro troops should be kept out of the South and "those that have been ordered to Southern points must be sent elsewhere; otherwise appalling consequences are inevitable?" It further says: "The war department must understand that and understand it quickly. Secretary Baker must quickly understand that Houston or Columbia is not Cleveland, Ohio, where social equality is somewhat of a fixed element of racial relations, where Negro teachers teach white children, and all that sort of thing. And that kind of condition is not going to be set up in the South, either in peace or war." Being an insult to the Secretary of War unless he considers the source; a dastardly threat to the government in its crucial condition and an outrage upon a class of people who has never cursed this country with a traitor, why not suppress his paper along with the others—not half as rank and rotten? West Virginia Negro Masonry, for thirty odd years h2s been a burning disgrace. The worst element of men have shamed and disgraced our honest men who have done their best to save so noble an order We have seen its officers drunk at Grand Lodge meetings. Once the Treasurer took off his coat and walked the streets of Keystone swearing with the foulest oaths, that he "could whip any s——of a b——in the town." At another Grand Lodge meeting, an officer who was to respond to the welcome address of the Major, was so drunk that he had to be carried to a room in the hall to lay and sleep off his stupor. A certain click made it their business to try to live on the funds of the Grand Lodge, and stole hundreds of dollars. To destroy what was done at Clarkrsburg last year-rotation in office as the whites do—the dying recalcitrants lobbied and bickered together until the evening of the closing day's session, with no business done on account of it. Notwithstanding the clever people of Clarksburg prepared the finest reception ever given the Grand Lodge, and spent nearly a hundred dollars to do it, and turned out gowned in their best to greet us, we were kept up until 1 o'clock in the morning, with the delicacies of the season unused, the cost falling on Mr. Thomas, and not one of the scores seen who turned out to greet us. OUR TRIP AND TAMS We left here September 2, 1917, physically unfit to go. Charleston was reached and a few friends met and greeted. Going from here to Tams our objective point on the 4th inst., and getting there at dusk with no dinner and having no time to wash or get anything to eat, had to be rushed into court, where we remained till after 11 o'clock—and as one of the sister's said, "brought the bacon back." Tams is the finest mining town we ever saw. The place is named after the owner and a manager of this wonderful plant. Mr. Tams is from Staunton, Va. He has thousands of men working for him. The plant's store and main buildings are in the center, South of these buildings the whites live, and North the colored. Both classes have identically the same conveniences. Two Young Men's Christian Association buildings with pool tables and all kinds of amusements, with other more refined quarters for those who prefer other sources of amusements. Each class has a very large bath house with hot and cold water and shower baths. Fully fifty or more men can bathe at a time. You can't see the ceiling of those massive bath houses for the suspended clothes which the workmen take off before going to work. Coming from work they are compelled to repair to the bath houses, bathe, put on clean clothes, and suspend their working ones to be donned in the morning for work. Each has a large theater, and all kinds of choice and instructive plays go on. Splendid school houses and teachers bless Tams. Fine churches, and two masonic lodges. Mr. Tams, offers and gives prizes to those who keep the cleanest yards and houses, and have the best gardens. Persons going there and not living cleanly, get orders to go and they go. Our stopping place was at Mr. and Mrs. Crops. Finer people we never met. They own a horse, cow hogs and have a plenty of everything. Grand Master Goodwyn declared the hams he cured were the sweetest and best he ever ate-I objected not. His, and all other houses, if the inmates desire are lighted by electricity. Sometime was spent with the teachers and children in the school house to our delight. They are capable, energetic and doing splendid work. Miss Josephine D. Chambers-Cannady is principal, assisted by Miss Vivene Sellers Walker and Miss Stella M. Channel. We met many fine people at Tams, chief among whom is Mr. Mance Damus, the trusted care-taker and cook for Mr. Tams. If we had more men like him, our pathways would be far less rough and thorny. Leaving here Charleston was our first stopping place. Here we put up at the Windsor Hotel, not only a credit to this state, but our people the country over. Everything is kept neat and clean, and Mr. Bush is nature's gentleman. Charleston has a fine drug store, where we met a groupe of cultured men, the spice and life of uplift on any community. "Phil" Waters, the efficient assistant clerk of the Supreme Court, gave us a hearty welcome, as did that scholar, the Hon. late able editor of the Advocate, Prof. J. C. Gilmer, Ex-State Librarian. We were accompanied to Institute by Mr. T. Edward Hill, editor of the McDowell Times. He is a clerk in the office of Secretary of State. We called on Mr. C. H. James, and stayed with him till after H. P. M. He is the man the late Hon. Seymore Edwards introduced to Theodore Roosevelt as one of Charleston's leading men, worth a quarter million dollars. We insisted that every race loving man who goes there by all means should go to his place of business. Mr. Edwards told Mr. Roosevelt he was worth a quarter of a million dollars, and we believe it. His building is the best business equipped affair we ever saw. He has five Howard University men and other help workers for him. He is a wilful cold blooded murderer of prejudice, in God's name join his army. He is Charleston's leading wholesale merchant and his color cuts no figure. Our time was limited at Parkersburg, but as many of our friends as was possible to see, were seen. James Edmonson is on the firing line with Mr. James and is doing a big business in the mercantile line, and is up to date in progressive ideas. SOIL BUILDING SOIL BUILDING Improve the Condition by Lime and Properly Inoculated Green GOOD TILTH IS INVALUABLE Application of Lime Upon Heavy Soils Makes Them Less Sticky, More Easily Cultivated, More Porous—Green Manure Crops Are of Inestimable Value as Substitutes For Farmyard Manure, of Which a Scarcity Exists. Good tilth is an expression often used by farmers and experiment station workers. In a general way the farmer means a soil which is easily worked, one which is mellow, friable and falls into fine particles when plowed or cultivated. The experiment station worker agrees with the farmer and adds that it must contain plant food, lime and humus. A condition of soil like the one shown in photograph No. 1 is a proposition hard to handle. How can a plant be prepared to grow on a soil like that, and what are the labor charges? When a large rock in a field cannot be removed by the pick, a shovel and a newbar the farmer uses a stick of dynamite. A heavy soil can be worked to condition with the roller and harrow, but why need so much energy when an application of lime will help to the trick and aid in other ways at the same time? Applications of lime when heavy soils make them less sticky, more crumbly, more friable, more easily cultivated, and water passes through them more rapidly as the result of increased porosity. Green Manures Increase Supply of Humus. Quite as important in bringing a soil up in thirtieth is the matter of organic matter, which in a state of decomposition gives rise to humans. There is no better way to build up a soil in humans than by adding farmyard manure, because it contains, besides plant food, innumerable biofertilis. Unfortunately there is not enough manure to go around in these days of intensive farming and automobiles. There are two groups of green manure crops, known as "nitrogen gatherers" and "nitrogen consumers," or leguminous crops on the one hand and non-leguminous crops on the other. It is easily understood then that a crop of the first, the "nitrogen gathering" group, is most beneficial. There are many crops of this group which may be used. For summer soy beans and cowpeas, as shown in photographs Nos. 2 and 3, are of investimable value for turning under, especially in warm climates where hot summers prevail, and likewise crimson clover and hairy or winter vetch are suitable for winter use if care is taken to plant them early so that a good start is made before winter. Manure was stated to have a particular advantage because it added bacteria to the soil. Legumes have a particular advantage because certain bacteria work with them and take nitrogen from the air and store it in nodules A on the roots of the plants. This nitrogen is shared by bacteria and plants alike, and when the crop is plowed under it is there to be incorporated in the soil with the organic matter furnished by the roots and tops of the plants. It so happens that each different beamed or opaque words with a separator and spice lie between and distract the bacteria are not always present in the soil, although they are not present. It is essential that they be handled to the soil in plant cultures. This can be done in a number of ways. It is used to be the custom to take samples in their field which had grown the same over time, shown evidences of bacteria by modules on the roots of the plants and spread it on the new field on a dark day when the sun would not kill the bacteria, but today this method has been supervised almost entirely by the use of commercial cultures. In other words, the bacteria are isolated and placed in bottles full of gelatin for them to live on. Such cultures are inexpensive, and all the farmer has to do is to put the contents of the bottle on the seed in a manner described on each bottle. Cultivation and Plant Food Are Just as Important. Coming back to the question of tilth, lime and green manures are soil amendments. They are the most important factors in making a hard, lumpy soil, such as shown in the photograph, capable of good cultivation and crop production by mellowing the soil, increasing its water holding capacity and creating conditions favorable for the development of all kinds of beneficial bacteria, but it must be reorganized that the best results are obtained only when proper methods of tillage and liberal amounts of plant food are used. It is true that lime is used as a food by some crops and that leguminous green manure crops when properly inoculated add nitrogen, but this does not mean that plant food is in the soil in sufficient quantity. DR. FAHRNEY Only chronic diseases. Send me your name and address and I will send you a mailing case and question blank. Don't use dope for chronic troubles, get cured. It is a satisfaction to know what the cause is. CONSULTATION FREE. Used 40 Years CARDUI The Woman's Tonic Sold Everywhere F.8 BIG GAME HUNTER'S FIRST Choice and Big enough for the biggest game of North America. STEVENS "High Power" Repeating Rifle No. 425. List Price $20.00 .25-.30-.30-.32 and .35 saltters Use Rem. Auto-Loading Cartridges with copper primers SURE FREE NO BALRS NO JARLS Our "High Power" Rifles also furn- ished in fancy grades. Ask your Dealer. Send for handsome, new Rifle Catalog. J. STEVENS ARMS & TOOL COMPANY, P. O. Box 5004 CHICOPEE FALLS, MASSACHUSETTS Local Notes. Mr. Marcellus Wood, of Cumberland, Md., visited relatives and friends here during the past week. Miss Julia Morgan, of Charles Town, passed through town this week en route to her school at Bunker Hill. Mrs. Gertrude Thornton of Philadelphia en route home from a visit to her sister in Pittsburg, stopped off and spent some time with relatives and friends here. Mr. Walter Jackson, who has charge of the Club House at Harrison's Parry and who is a gentleman and popular gentleman was a welcome visitor Friday while on his way to come from Harrison's Parry, where he had been on business A man owning good sized farm is desirous of getting into communication with a married experienced COLORED FARMER, with or without family, to work the farm for him on basis of cash wages and bonus. Comfortable tenant house with running water. Address S. care Pioneer Press. 10 BUILD SHIPS AT COST PRICE Bethlehem Ship Will Make Offer to Uncle Sam. BIRSON 16TH NAVY SHELLS No Chance For Profit In Them Under Present Tests, Grace Says—Possible Explanation of the Prices Made by an English Firm Which Bids Under All American Manufacturers. Speaking recently before the Terraplin Club of Philadelphia, Eugene G. Grace, President of the Bethlehem Steel Company, said in part: In a peculiar sense Bethlehem Steel serves the American people. For example, though we have been able to obtain in Europe almost any price, we have adhered, in our charges to the United States Government, to the basis of prices established before the war began. We agreed—if the Government would abandon its plans for a Federal plant—to make armor for our Navy at any price the Government itself might consider jair. Our ordinance plants are at the disposal of the nation at a fair operating cost, plus a small margin, thus saving the Government investment and depreciation. One of the special needs of the new navy is sixteen-inch guns—guns sixty feet long and capable of hurting a 2000 pound shell with such power and accuracy as to hit a 50 foot square target fifteen miles away. We have undertaken voluntarily to construct, at a cost of $1,500,000, a plant fitted to build sixteen-inch guns. Under no conceivable circumstances an orders which we may receive for this plant pay even a fair return on the investment. Considerable comment has been made on the fact that a British manufacturer recently bid less than American manufacturers for sixteen and fourteen-inch shells for the navy. I am unable to state the basis upon which the English bid was made. It should be remembered, however, that this bid was for a specific shell, samples of which are being sent over for test—a test not yet made. Two years ago we took an order for 400 fourteen-inch armor piercing shells at a contract price of $70,000, to be delivered within a certain time or we had to pay a large penalty. The only specifications for making these shells are that they shall be if a certain size and must piercer armor-plate at a certain velocity on impact. It is impossible to foretell the exact conditions of the tests. We had made large quantities of shells in the past which had been accepted, but in placing this particular order the department altered the angle at which we tested shells must pierce armor-plate. The result, however, has been absolute inability on our part to produce in any quantity, shells which will meet these novel tests. In fact, we know of no process of projectile-making through which it is possible to produce in quantities much which will conform to the requirements. The result is that up to now on that contract of $768,000, we have put into actual operating expense $447,881, and have been penalized for non-delivery $435,744, a total of $943,625, with no receipts whatever. Such was the experience in the light of which we were called upon recently to bid for sixteen-inch shells. We bid on these shells at approximately the same rate per pound as that of a fourteen-inch shell contract of one year ago upon which the Government awarded contracts. We have not the slightest idea what profit there will be in the making of these shells. We do not know that there will be any. There is no certainty that it would be possible for us to deliver a shell to meet the test. For officers in the Navy to assume that any bid made under such conditions is "exorbitant" is utterly unfair. We bid on the new battles-cruisers sums which Navy department experts after examination of our books, found would yield a profit of less than ten per cent. We agreed to assume risks for increased costs of materials and labor, that made it possible that these contracts might yield no profit whatever. The costs run beyond the amount appropriated by Congress on the basis of the cost estimates made a year ago. And because shipbuilders could not alter the inexorable cost facts and reduce bids to early estimates of the Navy Department, the prices are called "exorbitant." It would be a real advantage to be relieved of this naval construction. The profit from it cannot possibly amount to much, and the responsibility is enormous. We have determined to make this offer to the American Government. "If you will build two of the battle cruisers in Government navy yards we will build the other two at the ascertained cost of building the ships in the Government yards, without addlnt expense or commissions of any kind. We will also contract to have our ships ready for service ahead of the Government ships." It Leaves Riches in the Soil Which Can't Be Bought. LIME CAN HELP THIS ACTION Lime Up to the "Limiting Factor," Not Beyond—After This Help Out With Manure and Phosphates—Is Only In That Way You Can Get the Best Returns For the Cash Investment. Some men are dead lucky. They just sit tight, doing nothing in particular to get along, when a plum falls into their lips out of a clear sky. People suddenly begin to take a liking to some corner of a town. Nobody knows why. Old red letterers leave the houses that were always good enough for them, before, for houses with modern improvements in the new section. So real estate becomes the land-poor get rich and the property of the thrifty of former dumps, runs down. New railroad branches are spreading over the country and cheap farms become valuable, because the get-away for general crops or smaller and orchard specialties is easy. No extra horses and wagons have to be kept for long hands and the children have a better chance for good schools. Most of us get the so-by from fortune and it's natural to get sour, especially over the good luck of those who have a war deserved it. But what's the user to cultivate a billious habit only, rather every day's work grow thicker. All very to "fearfulness Societies" to account for the "grow Thought" and the "grow of love." The trouble with them is that they just talk and never give a practical idea. The seed of a tree of things that bring it home, and which do not even. Look out at the wind that frozen plowed field, the churning and cracking of the soil, the working and the plowing food for next season's crops. It is the whirl with its churned soil and weather that crack and loosen the soil particles for new supporter or fertilizer crops. We can figure the value of the uppaid amount of frost and throw in fellows and costs, for it is what keeps a small amount of plant food available in the soil to rubble about twelve or more bushels of wheat, your aforesaid year. Do not from this principal cost of plowing food seeds and what is left, say the value of of the bushels per acre, is your uncarned increment. Well, it is not much and then everybody gets it, so what is the use? Just this, that you can build this hook of winter action for fishing more fertility out of the soil, with our sense, and that is something everybody has not got. Just see! No, no washable cover off your hands to cool water. How much good does rebbling do toward getting them clean? But, use soap or put ammonia in the water. How about it then? Not, that is chemical in then, it gets dirt loose. And chemical action gets plant food loose. Ammonia would do it, Ive would do it, but this cost too much. For price and results there is only lime, and the uncarned increase from the ash that mind you, they will only eat out the plant food that is ready for dilution. It may not make more than a liter more lime than the right amount may force a larger one, but you will it does not pay. That is where other plant food comes in, to give a better play, for your harvest. Lure up to professors call the "limit that you not beyond. Then help out more nature and phosphates. Then and only then will the e costly additions give you the best return for the cash investment. That is profit. What a weather and common sense give you all of nature's uncarned increase and that plus profit spoils prosperity. BENEFITS OF FARM LOAN ACT Waya in Which the New System Aids Farmer in Financing His Farm. By reason of the facilities created by the National Farm Act, which was passed last summer, it will be easier in the future for a farmer to secure money to purchase a farm or to motivate the public to do the work and in will be easier also for the public to lessen the amount of production in farm, leading to a recent publication of the partorial of *Agriculture (Purposes) Bulletin No.25* entitled "How the rural farm learns the Act Benefits the Farmer." The Federal land borders expenditure under this rule will remain ongoing at no time. It is expected to lead to more to farmers on its land. The interest compenses the cost per cent than 6 per cent, but more than 1 per cent above the rate paid on the board sold by the banks. If the per cent bonds should be issued, the interest into channeling on them will be at per cent cost. There will be an interest share for beginners. The funds will be made for per cent of the profits from 5 to 30 years, thus doing away with the trouble and expense of frequent renewals. The payment of a certain part of the principal amount is paid monthly, with the interest, will be repaid. The total payment, including the interest, will be the same for each month, and will be just a little more so that the entire principal will be paid off at the end of the period. The annual payment thus required to pay off a loan of $1,600, with interest at 5 per cent, in 20 years, is $6,242. Widowed Birds The married life of most birds could be taken for a model by members of the human family. For instance, the stall, dandelion and honeysuckle could never match but one pair with his own nature would be on the market. If birds in wild were so common with human beings, they would never matter in the countryside and those on the farm would be more important than those on the street. While birds in urban areas are more common, they are not as important as those on the street. It Should Have a Purpose in Education or Early Childhood. We shall not be able to perform in music in this country, nor in Hungary, until we are able to conduct a training in the art of music and not at an essential juncture in the collection of music. ```markdown ``` world and over a very foolish and trivial society rattling, common rumbling, mailed armour because Russia wanted to show her love for the little Four inside the curtain of Europe's politics and see the game of chess that is being played. See upon what a slim, excuse the sacred lives or millions are being sacrificed. Read the the past one hundred years written by some of the greatest and niches the world has ever known, and learn the naked, shamful truth. to get you started as a Review of Reviews subscriber, we make you this extraordinary offer. We will give to you Review of Reviews, 30 Irving Pl. New York Sandstone or proval, charge hold by you, the Bird Real Book Europe at West bound in cloth also order my name for this review of Reviews for one year, if I keep the I will retain it. I will 25 cents for shipping the per month for one month the magnitude and retain the Europe at West without charge. Otherwise I will withhold to cash return the book at your expense. Address Occupation For cash with order send only to stand two will new shipping charge. The bear. Both edition costs only in five cents more. Copy of this luxurious binding, change. 10 months, or send $2.00 cash in full. Gives the BEST VALUE for Your Money Every Kind from Cotton to Silk, For Men, Women and Children Any Color and Style From 25c to $5.00 per pair Look for the Trade Mark! Sold by All Good Dealers. A bip book and over 300 pages, size 10 x 7 inches, handmade and durable, hand-printed in cloth, containing the dramatic history of the great events leading up to the present time; over five pages and time by special articles and photographs; and by the contact numbers of graphic picture companies, photographs, diagrams, specially drawn wave maps, illustrations, statistical records, copies of official document and diagrams; between the pages, a clear, vivid, interesting and valuable resource in which once seen you will not willingly be without; Europe's most and present are tales dramatically pictured and presented. dreeds of illustrations graphically tell their own stories. More fascinating than any romance, there is a history so vivid, so dramatic, so stirring, so fascinating, so realistic, so wonderfully presented, so thrillingly told that it leaves an inexplicable impression. It is not enough to read the daily news reports. Your ability to comprehend conditions to discuss them rationally depends on the purpose of the meaning and the importance of the meaning you think is order out of chance in the Review of Reviews* will do it for you. Send no If the book isn't worth more than you pay for book and magazine together, send it back at Money. The world wide tone of this compendium will make these few volumes disappear from our stock room at once. Send $2,400,000,000 REVENUE BILL IS PASSED BY SENATE CORPORATIONS AND INDIVIDUALS WILL HAVE TO PAY THREE- FOURTHS OF AMOUNT. WAR PROFITS WILL COVER ABOUT HALF AND THE BAL- ANCE WILL COME FROM LIQUOR, TOBACCO AND PUBLIC UTILITIES — PUBLISHERS TAX AND MAIL LEVIES CUT OUT. WASHINGTON, Sept. 11. The largest single tax bill in the history of the United States was passed by the Senate late last night, 69 to 4, when the final vote was taken on the war tax revenue bill. The four negative votes were cast by Senators Borah, Gronna, LaFollette and Norris, all Republicans. This great bill carries a total of approximately $2,400,000,000 as compared with $1,867,870,000 proposed in the bill that passed the House May 23 last. This total is in addition to the $1,300,000,000 revenue raised by existing law. The legislation has been pending in Congress four months and one day. Today the revenue bill will be sent over to the House. In order to expedite action the Senate disagreed to the House amendments, insisted upon its own and requested a conference. The conferees appointed were Senators Simmons, Stone, Williams, Penrose and Lodge. Awaiting the Senate in the final struggle over war fiscal policies is the $11,500,000,000 credits bill, which passed the House unanimously and upon which work will begin today by the Senate finance committee. Of the $2,400,000,000 new taxes provided in the tax bill for the duration of the war, $842,200,000 is to be taken from the incomes, corporate and individual, and $1,060,000,000 from war profits. Most of the remainder is levied on liquor, tobacco and public utilities. In last night's clean-up, the principal eleventh-hour actions of the Senate were elimination of all provisions for taxing publishers and increasing second class periodical postage rate and all consumption taxes on sugar, tea, coffee and cocoa, the latter reducing the bill $86,000,000 The Senate also struck out the clause proposing repeal of the "drawback," or re-export, allowance given sugar refiners and defeated proposals to add inheritance taxes. Free Letters for Soldiers. The only postage features left in the bill are provisions for free transportation of letters from American soldiers abroad and for a cent stamp tax on parcel pst packages, raising about $4,000,000. The consumption taxes, of 1-2 cent a pound on sugar, 2 cents on coffee, 5 cents on tea, 3 cents on cocoa and from 1 to 2 cents a gallon on molasses went out by overwhelming majorities. A final vote on Senator Broussard's motion to eliminate them all was 52 to 28. BIG AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT IS ON IN RANDOLPH CO. W. G. WILSON, A PROMINENT BANKER OF ELKINS, IN RANDOLPH COUNTY IS SUCCESSFULLY FARMING ALSO AND SEES A GREAT FUTURE AHEAD IN THIS FIELD—YIELD OF AGRICULTURAL CROPS INCREASED TEN-FOLD IN TEN YEARS. That the people of Randolph county, one of the highland sections of West Virginia, are reclaiming the soil from the barren condition that followed neglect while attention was given to natural resources, and making therein large agricultural acreage that is yielding big and profitable crops, is the story given to a World reporter by W. G. Wilson, cashier of the Davis Trust Company, one of the powerful financial institutions of the state at Elkins. The history of Randolph county, to go back for half a century, is one of a people who turned the fields to grass—bluegrass being a crop of natural growth—and the more thrifty people depended on grazing cattle very largely as a business, cropping the soil only enough for family needs and for forage for the herds. Later the railroads came and many turned their attention to lumbering and other lines of industrial pursuit that came in the train of this development, and the farms were almost forgotten, and let run down. But, as Mr. Wilsona puts it, within the past ten years there has been a turning to the soil, with wonderful results, and today the people are beginning to fully realize that whatever immediate great wealth is offered in the natural resources of timber and coal, these are but temporary, while a few inches of the earth's surface offers a wealth that is enduring. Accordingly vast areas of the rich, black loam bottom lands, heavy from excessive moisture, have been drained, and today are producing as big crops of oats, wheat and corn as can be grown anywhere in the eastern agricultural area. In his own farming efforts, which are incidental to banking, Mr. Wilson says he is able to grow 80 bushels of corn to the acre from the old "White Cap" variety. The oats yield in the county is heavy, and many have brought their individual wheat yield up to 40 bushels per acre. Big potato, rye and buckwheat crops are also grown in Randolph county. ITALY PAYS HER DEBT ITALY PAYS HER DEBT. It was at Italy's darkest hour that Brussiloff early in June inaugurated his famous offensive in Galacia. As Brussiloff's Russians pounded on and on toward Lemberg and the Carpathians, Austria was compelled to abandon her one great offensive effort against Italy and devote her entire energy to facing the danger in the cast. All the occupied Italian territory was abandoned, and the Austians retired to the line of their Alpine defenses which they had occupied before the drive. Russia had saved Italy. And now Italy is repaying her debt. At the time of Russia's greatest weakness Italy is striking her hardest blows.—Cleveland Plain Dealer. OYSTER SHELLS FOR THE FARM FLOCK OYSTER SHELLS FOR THE FARM FLOCK Chicks and Laying Hens Need Them to Supplement Grain and Forage Ration. That oyster shells are important in poultry rations is shown very clearly in experiments conducted at the New York State College of Agriculture at Cornell university. In these experiments the production of eggs was materially increased when oyster shells were used in conjunction with the regular Cornell ration, composed of the following: Cornmeal, 300 pounds; wheat middlings, 300 pounds; wheat bran, 150 pounds; alfalfa meal, 50 pounds; oilmeal, 50 pounds; meat scrap, 250 pounds; salt, 1 pound. Grit and charcoal were also furnished to the birds of this pen. In tests somewhat similar, but with young birds, the New Jersey Experiment Station shows that oyster shells with meat and bone are far superior as sources of phosphoric acid and lime than other purely mineral substances used to supply the same ingredients. In these tests the mortality and gain in weight of the birds point out very clearly that lime and phosphoric acid are best supplied to growing chicks in the form of oyster shells and lime. Generally speaking, oyster shells are invaluable to the poultryman and should be kept before the birds constantly in quantity and in a clean receptacle. Substitutes of various kinds have been tried, but nothing has been found to take the place of oyster shells. LIME RAISES POTATO YIELDS. It Will Not Increase Scab if Properly Applied Following Digging. Applied Following Digging. It is generally conceded among potato growers that time should be used upon potato ground at least once in three or four years. Yields are increased, and the soil is kept fh that fine, mellow condition which makes a 1867 HOWARD UNIVERSITY 1917 Stephen M. Newman, A. M., D. D., President. COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCE ES A. B. AND B. S. COURSES A. B. and B. S. Courses in Education. SCHOOL OF MANUEL ARTS AND APPLIED SCIENCES B. S. Courses in Engineering. Home Economics, Manual Arts. CONSERVATORY OF MUSIC Mus. B. Courses. Two Preparatory Courses:—Classical, Scientific. COMMERCIAL COLLEGE Secretarial Course. Accounting General Course. LIBRARY TRAINING CLASS PROFESSIONAL SCHOOLS SCHOOL OF THEOLOGY B. D. Courses, Diplomatic Course SCHOOL OF MEDICINE M. D. Courses in Medicine, D. D. S. Courses in Dentistry, Phar. D. Courses in Pharmacy. SCHOOL OF LAW LL. B. Courses. For catalogue, address Howard University, Washington, D. C. deep soil possible, but unfortunately scab, a serious potato disease which lives in the soil is benefited by lime. Do not be misled by the idea that lime causes scab, because quite the opposite is true, but it does create a condition favorable to the development of the disease organisers in the soil. There is therefore an advantage on the one side and a detriment on the other, and the question is how the beneficial results of lining may be obtained and the harmful effects avoided. This may be done with comparative success by applying the lime at the rate of about 1,000 pounds to the acre immediately after harvesting potatoes and before planting wheat or clover, or whatever the rotation requires. This allows a period of two or three years before potatoes are grown again on the same ground. During this interval the development of scab is undoubtedly checked by the acids of decay of organic matter furnished by the stubble of the intervening crops, so that little if any greater injury may be expected from the ravages of the disease. Other crops grown in the rotation are materially benefited by lime, especially plants of the legume family, alfalfa, clovers and the like, and, furthermore, soils badly infested with wire worms and white grubs are ridded of these poets in a marked degree. Cut Brush and Briers Out of the Pasture Lot. The value of pasture lands is not appreciated as it should be, and too many receive less attention than deserved. Every farm possesses what is known as the pasture lot. Some of the lots possess the finest character of soil, good drainage and good turfs, but are allowed to grow up into a field of briers and bushes with little care or attention which they are deserving of and for which they would pay handsome retufus. It is good practice to cut all briers and bushes during July, August and September. If they are not numerous they need not be carried off; if they are numerous they should be burned after they have dried. The point is to begin cutting them out every year before they become numerous, and then the work of each following year is small and the pasture area much increased. Safeguarding Investors Full publicity is required of the condition of the company which offers its securities for sale. The law restricts promotion expense to ten per cent of the par value of stock. This is an extremely important provision The Secret of a Good Figure often lies in the brassiere. Hundreds of thousands of women wear the BenJole Brassiere for the remoul that they require it as necessary as a correct. It supports the bust and back and gives the figure the youthful outline which fashion decrees. BENJOLE (DE-A-JOLE) BRASSIERES are the daintiest, most serviceable garments imaginable. Only the best of materials are used—for instance, 'Walton's' a feasible boning of great durability—absolutely rugless—permitting laundering without removal. They come in all styles, and your local Dry Goods dealer will show them to you on request. If he does not care, he can easily get them for you by writing to us. Send for an illustrated booklet showing styles that are in high favor. BENJAMIN & JOHNES 50 Warren Street Newark, N. J. LIVER DIDN'T ACT DIGESTION WAS BAD Says 65 year Old Kentucky Lady, Who Tells How She Was Relieved After a Few Dozen of Black-Draught. Meadorsville, Ky.—Mrs. Cynthia Higginbotham, of this town, says: "At my age, which is 65, the liver does not act so well as when young. A few years ago, my stomach was all out of fix. I was constipated, my liver didn't act. My digestion was bad, and it took so little to upset me. My appetite was gone. I was very weak... I decided I would give Black-Draught a thorough trial as I knew it was highly recommended for this trouble. I began taking it. I felt better after a few doses. My appetite improved and I became stronger. My bowels acted naturally and the least trouble was soon righted with a few MILLIONS STARVING IN BIBLE LANDS Immediate help is necessary to save the remnants of peoples once happy and prosperous in Armenia, Syria, Caucasus, Persia, Egypt, Palestine. Christian America is called upon to provide bare necessities for 2,144,000 homeless dependent people in these lands. Thousands of them are orphans. War with Turkey cannot prevent distribution of relief since many of these people are refugees in Russian and British spheres of influence. The story of their deportations and sufferings is harrowing in its details. Regular continuous contributions are needed. All money handled without expense by the American Committee for Armenian and Syrian Relief, Chas. R. Crane, Treas., 70 Fifth Avenue, New York City. Ten cents a day will save a life. GIVE NOW! doses of Black-Draught." Seventy years of successful use has made Theford's Black-Draught a standard, household remedy. Every member, of every family, at times, need the help that Black-Draught can give in cleansing the system and relieving the troubles that come from constipation, indigestion, lazy liver, etc. You cannot keep well unless your stomach, liver and bowels are in good working order. Keep them that way, Try Black-Draught. It acts promptly, gently and in a natural way. If you feel sluggish, take a dose tonight. You will feel fresh tomorrow. Price 25c. a package—One cent a dose All druggists. BRINGING IN BOOZE. There was a time, perhaps, when brining fire-water into the state might have been listed as a "light occupation." That was when the label on the suitcase was sufficient protection against the arm of the law; unless one was caught selling the joy juice. That day has now passed; and the person who takes a chance on bringing liquor into the state, even to the extent of one quart a month is running a big risk of spending some time behind the bars and of paying a big fine. Federal and state and county and city authorities are on the trail of the booze merchant, and every effort is being made to make the state dry in fact, as well as in theory. Particularly active are the federal authorities and they have a longer range to work on, for the federal law provides that no liquor at all shall be brought into the state, and therefore the man who falls into the clutches of the federal agents is "up against it" no matter how small the amount of liquor he may be bringing into the state. Daily the campaign to make the state really dry becomes more and more severe. There is just one way to play safe and that is to go away when you want a drink, and not attempt to bring any liquor into the state. No matter who you are or what you are, if you get caught with the goods, you are "it"; and there is no getting away from the punishment for the violation of the prohibition laws. You may think that you are rather foxy and you may get away wfth the stunt of bringing booze into the state for a long time, but sooner or later you will get caught and you will realize to your sorrow that you are not as smart as you had figured you were. A word to the wise is sufficient. The man who flirts with the provisions of the dry law, either state or national, is running a chance of being severely punished. Safety First. Do not attempt to bring any booze into the state—Fairmnt Times.