Richmond Planet

THE RICHMOND PLANET Virginia State Library VOLUME XL, NUMBER 10 RICHMOND VIRGINIA SATURDAY, JANUARY 13, 1923 EASON MURDERED BY A GARVEY FANATIC DYING, HE IDENTIFIES HIS ASSAILANTS AS GARVEYITES. New Orlando, La., Jan. 12.—Dr. J. H. Eason, preacher, and former high official of the invisible Garvey Empire died in Charity Hospital Friday from bullet wounds received as he was leaving a meeting Monday night in a church where he had denounced Marcus Garvey as a menace to the Negro Race and revealed the secret vicious workings of the Garvey crowd. Persons who attended the meeting said three men fired the shots that killed Dr. Eason. The victim identified Fred Dyer and William Shakespeare, both painters, as his assailants and police took his last words to be used in a statement against them when they are brought to trial. Dr. Eason told the police, just before his death, the attack was the second on his life since October for his criticism of Marcus Garvey. He said the left the Universal Negro Improvement Association because of Garvey's methods. Dyer denied knowledge of the crime but declared "Eason had it coming to him. He attacked Garvey, who is trying to do good. Eason is a disgruntled exile from our association. He was banished. Then he began to attack Garvey, and so somebody who evidently thought he had a good reason to take a crack at Eason decided to get him. I don't blame him." The constitution of the Universal Negro Improvement Association it will be remembered, condones crime when committed in the interest of the association. New Orleans, La. Jan. 5.—Rev J. W. H. Eason, colored, who was shot and wounded as he was leaving his church Monday night, died in a hospital yesterday. In a statement after the shooting, Eason told the police he was convinced that his assailants were sent to kill him in order to prevent his testifying at the trial in federal court in New York of Marcus Garvey, colored promoter, on a charge of using the mails to defraud in connection with the promotion of the Black Star steam ship lines. Eason was to have left for New York last Tuesday. WILLIAMS—EDMONDS An unusually pretty wedding was solemnized on Monday evening December 25th at eight o'clock at the home of Mr. and Mrs. Alvin L. Coleman 321 Gilmer Avenue, N. W., when Miss Ophelia D. Edmonds, a cousin of Mr. Coleman's became the bride of Mr. James H. Williams. The Rev. W. W. Hicks officiating. The house was artistically decorated with ferns and evergreens bringing out the color scheme of pink, white and green, Mrs. Geo E. Moore presided at the piano while Miss Alice Sampson of Danville, Va., sang "At Dawning," before the ceremony. Appropriate music was rendered during the ceremony. The bride entered on the arm of her cousin. Mr. Alvin L. Coleman and looked lovely in a nexquisite gown with lace and pearl trimmings, wearing no jewelry except a string of pearls. Her veil was fastened with orange blossoms and carried a large bouquet of brides roses, and orchids. Miss Lucile Wright was maid of honor and wore a gown of blue chiffon with silver trimmings and carried a large bouquet of pink roses, while little Lydie Foster Coleman, in a frock of white organdie was ring bearer. The groom entered with his best man, Mr. Stanley Fields, joining the bride under an arch profusely decorated in pink and green. After the ceremony an ice course was served carrying out the color scheme after which the bride and groom left on the midnight train for Lynchburg, Halifax, Danville and Acron Summit, Va. About two hundred guests attend the ceremony and left many useful gifts in silver, cut glass, china and linen. SAMUEL CLARKSON DEAD. On friday, December 29th, 1922 affer a lingering illness Samuel B. Clarkson, formerly of Richmond, Va., and Custom House employee of same for a number of wears passed away. For twenty-two years an employee of the Custom House of New York City. Remains shipped to Louisville, Ky., January 2 1923. Undertaker W. C. Perry, officiating.2293 7th avenue. GREAT PLANET PUZZLE CONTEST WILL END MONDAY NIGHT! Much interest has been manifested in the planet's "What's Wrong" Picture Puzzle, which closes Monday, the 19th inst. Replies have been received from all sections of the country. All answers must be mailed by 12 o'clock Monday night. Polish up your list and send it in, and don't forget the subscriptions, which will enable you to get a larger amount of money. And, too, there is the Special Prize of $10.00 for the one sending in the largest number of subscriptions, whether he or she wins in the puzzle contest or not. Don't forget—answers are to be mailed not later than Monday night. ```markdown ``` RUSSELL CALLS CONFERENCE OF RICHMOND BUILDERS. Richmond, Va., Jan. 10.—At the call of Mr. C. T. Russell, Richmond's only Colored architect and foremost builder, the following persons representing various phases of the building industry met in the offices of the Norrell and Co., Real Estate dealers, 535 N Second Street, January 9th, at 8:30 P M: Messrs. Geo. H. Evans, McD. Rowe, L. H. Dickerson, Thomas Davis, Ernest Moore and Geo. A. Cobb, L. Roach, H. E. Horsey, J. E. Barnes, B. Arnold and L. C. White. The object of this meeting was to give Messrs. E. H. Bentzel and H. Whittmore Brown an opportunity to meet the Colored builders of the city and discuss with them the course in building construction which is about to be established at Hampton Institute. Mr. Bentzel, representing the carpentry department of Hampton Institute spoke briefly regarding the knowledge which that department intends to impart to the students who 'enter it. Following the discourse of Mr. Bentvel, Mr. H. Whittmore Brown who is to head the course in building construction at Hampton, told the Richmond builders just what information had led Hampton Institute to begin the establishment of this course. He said that the average builder has had no special training in the acquisition of labor and material is unprepared by any special training to handle the purely business side of his work and often does not have a scientific knowledge of the strength and bearing qualities of the material out of which the various buildings are constructed. To meet the needs of the present builder, Hampton Institute is planning to give a series of short courses where busy men may spend from three days to three months getting such instruction as will enable them to perform their work more efficiently. In addition to this it is intended to furnish them with standard plans at a nominal cost. To meet the future needs of the race, it is hoped that a large number of boys and young men will take advantage of the two years course in Building Construction. At the close of his lecture Mr. Brown invited all to attend the Builder's Conference which is to be held at Hampton, January 29th, 30, and 31st. He also stated that there will be no registration fee and the Institute would furnish lodging free of charge to all attending this conference. Board will be available at a nominal charge of about two dollars for all three days. Any person interested in building is invited to attend. As a result of the meeting with Mr. Brown and Mr. Bentzel, by unanimous consent those present decided to perfeet a permanent organization to be known as The Bichmond Builders Association and the following officers were elected, C. T. Russell president; Geo. H. Evans, secretary; McD. Rowe treasurer and Rev. L. H. Dickerson chaplain. The next meeting of the Association will be held next Tuesday night at 8 P. m. in the home of Mr. Geo. H. Evans, 719 N. Fifth street. All persons interested in building are requested to be present. MAN THOUGHT DEAD COMES BACK TO LIFE. (Preston News Service) Dallas, Tex., Jan. 11.—'It is certainly a queer feeling that seizes an observer of a dead man coming back to life, declared a prominent Texas physician who had just pronounced Samuel Alex ander dead following an automobile accident. Late Sunday night. (New Year's night.) and a few minutes before midnight Alexander was pronounced dead but just as the new year was coming Alexander woke up and told those standing by him weeping that his condition had been exaggerated and that he was not as bad off as the doctor thought. It is said that when Alexander opened his eyes and turned over some of the persons left the room quite inceremoniously. RICHMOND, VIRGINIA, SATURDAY, JANUARY 13, 1923 MOBS START FOR A BIG BECORD IN 1923 TREND OF EVENTS SHOW HOODLUMS PLAN TO ECLIPSE RECORD. Pittsburgh, Pa., Jan. 11.—To a close observer of the trend of events it would seem that following the report from Tuskegee that there were only 57 persons lynched in the United States during 1922 that hoodlums of the South plan to eclipse that record for the month of January. During the week the newspapers of the country carried the report of the lynching for 1922 more than a dozen lynchings and riots occurred in various parts of the South. From all indications this outbreak of lawlessness in all parts of the South indicates that the white people—that is the white trash—are determined to strike terror into the hearts of the Negro. Whether these manifestations of lawlessness are the activities of the Ku Klux Klan remains to be seen, but in view of the fact that such an organization exists gives ample excuse for these unanton acts to be perpetrated upon Negroes. The Tuskegee report shows that on the attempted lynchings in Northern states there were fourteen in an air, and every one was prevented, thus leaving the North a clear slate for 1922. The South, however, has to its credit 44 successful efforts to prevent lynchings. Commenting on the situation a few days before the close of the year, Mr. Nunn, City Editor of the Pittsburgh Courier, said: "There is good reason to hope that 1923 will show a very decided improvement on the 1922 record. The attempted passage of the Dyer Anti-Lynching Bill and the circumstances of its defeat, have put the best elements of white people in the South on their mettle in this matter, and I am glad to note the vigorous efforts white editors all over the South are making to arouse public sentiment against lynching to ultimately make it impossible for a lynching bee to be pulled off." The record for the first week in January shows: Samuel Carter killed by mob in Bronson, Florida for aiding a Negro to escape a mob, it is alleged, Benjamin Webster lynched in Hattiesburg, Miss., by a mob of 25 masked men. Webster is said to have been implicated in the murder of a white contractor; Serious race riots in Sapulpa, Okla., Sam Legget lynched in Shreveport, La.; alleged to have been associating with white women; according to press reports 18. Negroes have been slain in race riots in Rosewood, Fla.; another Negro was lynched in South Carolina the first of last week. The above is not to be regarded as a full and complete list of atrocities committed against Negroes throughout the country during the first week of 1923, but is simply a list compiled from casual observation of the news items as they appeared in local daily papers during the week. It would seem that conditions are decidedly worse. Something is wrong with the conscience of the lower strata of southern white trash. It may be possible that ere long strong, stalwart, up standing white men and women of the South will come out more determinedly in the future and stamp out this courage of lawlessness. PERSONALS AND BRIEFS —Miss Cora L. Bright, who has been indisposed during the holidays, has greatly improved under the skillful treatment of Dr. William H. Hughes. —Mr. Aleck Allen died last Wednesday morning. —Mr. J. York Harris, the well-known fish huckster and business dealer was buried last Tuesday after noon from the Fifth Street Baptist Church. He had been alling several weeks. Funeral Director Robt. C. Scott officiated and interment was in Woodland Cemetery. —Mrs. John R. Chiles is indisposed but is improving. Mr. Archie B. Hawkins continues very sick at his residence in North Fourth Street. —Mr. Everett Anderson, who has been indisposed is much improved. Rev. G. W. Bailey of Bethlehem Baptist church, Pittsburgh, Pa., is now temporarily pastoring Brook Road Baptist Church. He has done great work in this locality and is giving general satisfaction to the Baptist fraternity. That leading American scientists had made certain discoveries among the Indian mounds which tend to prove that the first comers to America were Negroes, Dr. Dixon threw a "bomb" info the great meeting of American Scientists when he gave the proof. Read the article on page six. Investigations into the alleged Klan atrocities have unearthed evidence that the Klan employs mechanical devices to torture its victims by crushing them to death slowly, and with excruciating agony. Full details can be found on page six. FRENCH NEGROES ARE VINDICATED BY A GERMAN There is an interesting passage in the letter of P. B. Noyes, late American Commissioner in the Rhineland, to Senator Borah—a letter in most part devoted to arguments in favor of withdrawing our soldiers at once from German soil. Incidentally, Mr. Noyes who has not shown in the past much liking for the French in their military activities, takes up the charges that their colored troops have been guilty of atrocities against the Germans among whom they have been quartered since the occupation, and he declares that these accusations were nothing but German propaganda, designed to work upon the color prejudices supposed to exist in the United States. He reached this conclusion after a high German official in the Rhineland, at his request, had made a careful examination of every alleged atrocity committed by the African soldiers and had reported that in forty-three cases of alleged outrage of one sort or another there was no foundation of fact that in four there had been much exagregation, while only two, with possibly one more, were true as described in statements widely published. Mr. Noyes concludes that the behavior of the French colored troops was as good as that of any soldiers of any nation, though he is inclined to criticise as tactless their use in maintaining order among a white population. (New York Times, Jan. 9, 1923.) C. S. MORRIS, JR. IN NORFOLK Norfolk, Va., Jan. 7.—While 2500 wildly enthusiastic white and colored citizens who packed Second Calvary Baptist Church, from pit to dome here Sunday afternoon, January 7th, shed ed their approval, Charles Satewell Morris, Jr., flayed the "Jim Crow" Negro leader and declared "the only person who can effect the emancipation of the Negro, is the Negro." With out his active interest all efforts of ardent friends and generous philanthropist will be ineffectual. The meeting was a splendid testimonial to the distinguished young Orator who has just returned from a sixteen weeks tour of the far south, where more than 300,000 persons of both races acclaimed him. Speaking from "The Bright Side of the Dark Subject" he asserted: "The Negro has been taught to be merely good altogether, too long. A man may be good for two things, good for nothing and good for something? The Negro must be taught not merely to be goo but to be good for something. A passive virtue never redeemed a race nor saved a nation. Further he said, "my race will decide its own position in the American constellation. If it may rise superior to fall aspersions and to the machinations of men, if it may 'know itself' in the fullest acceptance of the term, let the heathen rage, but no earthly power can dim the brilliance of our lustre nor the brightness of our light. A great ovation was accorded him at the conclusion of his address. Hon. P. B. Young, editor of the Journal and Guide presided. The speak er was introduced by his father, Rev. Dr. Charles Satchell Morris, formerly pastor of the Bank Street Church here. A choosus of 100 voices under the direction of Madam Mandanis Wright furnished musical selections for the occasion. Mr. Morris will depart on Wednesday morning for another trip to the great southland. 22 KILLED AND WOUNDED IN BIG FLORIDA RAGE WAR AS COLORED MEN DEFEND THEIR HOMES THEIR WOMEN AND LIVES AGAINST SAVAGE MOB Perry W. Howard Challenges DuBois and Johnson to Debate on Dyer Charge. In Open Letter Perry W. Howard Challenges N. A. A. C. P. Heads to Prove Their Assertions or Withdraw Them. Washington, D. C., January 5, 1923 Messrs. W. E. B. Du Bois and James Weldon Johnson, 70 Fifth Avenue. New York City. Gentlemen—I hereby challenge either or both of you to a joint debate in either New York City, Washington, D. C., or Chicago, Illinois, in order that you may make good your assertions on the three following propos CHURCH SOLICITOR GETS SELF AND CHURCH IN TROUBLE. Newark, N. J., Jan. 10.—"Seek and ye shall find; ask and it shall be given," gave Mrs. Carrie Garrie, a solicitor of funds for the Church of God and Saints of Christ, located in a basement in Boyden street here, more trouble than she was looking for. According to reports the unpleasant situation was brought about when Mrs. Gittens walked into the Children's Court at Jamaica. Long Island must Thursday and asked for funds from the Superintendent of the Children's Society. He immediately had her locked up. It is cailed that the woman was collecting for the Church of God, as a member of the Daughters of Jerusalem and Sisters of Mercy. She was charged with collecting without a permit. She also was charged with endangering the morals of two minors who were going about with her on her collection tour. The two girls were placed in the care of the Children's Society. The Jamaica authorities got in touch with Newark Juvenile Court officials who in investigated the situation at the homes of the girls. The church and the living quarters of its leaders were also subjected to investigation by a social welfare director of Jamaica, who recruited with a very adverse report regarding existing conditions at the church of God and Saints of Christ. Elder E. H. Hudson, priest in charge of the church in Boyden street, told the investigators that twenty persons live, including seven children, in the church quarters and all are employees of the church. He also stated that several married women live there, none of their husbands live at the parsonage he said. A book of one of the solicitors was produced. It revealed a large number of $1 and $2 contributions from firms and individuals and fewer small donations of ten to fifty cents. The firm names were pasted in the book, evidently cut from letter heads or advertisements. Elder Hudson said, "the support and assistance of the unfortunate by providing a home for them, and the contemplated erection of a church building on the land at present occupied in Boyden street, are the purposes for which the money is being collected." --- NEW COMPANY STARTS THE CLEVELAND CALL AGAIN. (Preston Newa Bardos) Cleveland, Ohio. Jan. 11.—The Cleveland Land Call for a number of years Ohio's leading newspaper, has been revived again. It has been taken over by the Advance Publishing Company with offices at 4908 Central avenue and W L. Porter, who made it famous a few years ago, is again its editor in chief Mr. Porter says that he hopes to put the paper back on its high plane editorially and get it back into the confidence of the people of Cleveland and Ohio. Mr. Paul L. Donaldson has removed his cleaning and pressing establishment to 13 W. Clay street. 1. That I contributed—directly or in directly—to the defeat of the Dyer Anti-lynching bill. 2. That, under the present rules of the Senate, the Republicans could have passed this bill in the face of the Democratic filibuster. 3. That I have not done as much for the passage of the anti-lynching bill as any man among the twelve millions or our group. 4. I submit that it is now up to you either to accept this challenge and prove your assertions or make the amende honorable, which gentlemen would be pleased to do. Respectfully, (Signed,) PERRY W. HOWARD LILY BLACKS ARE FOR HENRY FORD Apropos the announcement in the New York Times that the colored wing of the Virginia Republican Party had endorsed Henry Ford for President, the Richmond, Va. Times-Dispatch produced the following interesting editorial opinion: Listed among the political entities petitioning Henry Ford to become a candidate for President in 1924 is the "Lily Black organization in Virginia. One wonders if the writer of the Ford presidential boom article in the New York Times of Sunday stopped to consider what a party with such a name might be. In this State it is known of all that the birth of the organization took place in 1921 when the Republican State CConvention refused to admit colored delegates to its councils and most of the county and city mass-meetings closed their doors to the dark skinned members of that party. There upon the Republican majority became known as the "Lily Whites." John Mitchell, Jr., of this city, was named as candidate for Governor by the black convention that followed, and a full State ticket placed in the field with him. Large numbers of the race followed the lead in protest against their exclusion from Republican councils, and in the November election those precincts in centers of population containing a preponderance of colored voters went for Mitchell. Much the same course was followed in 1922, in those congressional districts where Negro candidates were placed in the field. Many thousands of Southern Negroes have been taken to Detroit in the past few years to work in the automobile factories, and perhaps that accounts for the "Lily Black" early expression of opinion as to the presidency. For it is noteworthy that the Virginia Negroes have acted before Ford made up his own mind as to which political party will have his adherence (Richmond, Va., Times Dispatch, Jan. 9, 1923.) EVANGELIST W. H. SKIPWITH IN WASHINGTON, D. C. Vermont Avenue Baptist Church—Rev. J. E. Willis, D. D., Pastor. Our church is in midst of one of the greatest revivals of its history. Our pastor secured the services of Rev. W. H. Skipwith, B. D. The great International preacher and singer, who is one of the best known evangelists of our race. He has the reputation of being one of the best evangelistic preachers and singers there is and he well deserves it, for when it comes to singing he is in a class by himself. Six hundred and fifty women heard him gladly last Sunday in a special meeting. They held it so well until it will be repeated on the 4th Sunday, when twelve hundred or more will be present. Over one hundred persons have been added to the church this week; seventy-five for baptism. Our meeting will continue for seven weeks. Dr. Skip with will be with us. PRICE, FIVE CENTS LORIDA RACE THEIR HOMES INST SAVAGE MOB Armed Warfare as Whites Attack Community Following Escape of a Suspect. "DYING, BUT FIGHTING." Numerous Instances of Heroism. ROSEWOOD, FLORIDA, Jan. 8. Reports from authentic sources say that when the whites began to assault and kill colored women indiscriminately, several colored men barricaded themselves in a house and fought off the mob of white hoodlums and while the whites were waiting for re-inforcements these men, some ex-soldiers, charged for the protection of nearby woods. Most of the colored casualties were sustained by "non-combatant" women who were chased and beaten wherever found. The whites sustained the greatest number of casualties. Rosewood, Fla., Jan. 6.—James Carrier, colored, shot and killed this morning, was the seventh victim of a race riot which began here on Thursday night. Carrier was shot to death while standing on the graves at Summer of the four other colored people who fell in the fighting that followed an attempt by a crowd of white men to enter a colored home in search of Jesse Hunter, escaped convict wanted for alleged implication in an attack on a white girl at Sumner. According to information received by officials, Carrier was seized by several white men this morning and accused of having been in the house from which colored persons fired on the approaching white men, killing two of their number. When he is said to have refused to reveal the names of those who did the shooting, the white men, officers were informed led him to the colored graveyard and made him stand on the newly dug graves of his brother and mother, also victims of the fighting, while they riddled the body with shots. Meanwhile Hunter, search for whom has resulted in the seven deaths, is still at large. Officers stated tonight that the situation in the entire vicinity was quiet and they anticipated no further trouble. Carrier had returned to Rose wood this morning and appealed to W. H. Pillsbury, Superintendent of the Summer Cypress Company mill there, for protection. Pillsbury locked him in a house in the colored quarter. Later, however, when a new clash became imminent, he was turned over to twenty-five or thirty men. Rosewood, Fla. Jan. 5.—Armed poses numbering between 200 and 200 were searching tonight for Jesse Hunter, escaped colored convict, who in addition to an alleged attack on a white girl, has been the incidental cause of the killing of two white men and four colored people and the wounding of four other white men. The deaths and wounding resulted from a race riot fomented here last night by a search of the colored quarters for the wanted man. Following the clash between the races the colored section was set on fire and nearly destroyed, six houses and a colored church being burned. All the people fled from Rosewood and are believed to be hiding in the woods for protection. C. P. Wilkinson, a merchant of Summer, and Henry Andrews, superintendent of the Cummer Lumber Company, at Otter Creek were killed when they advanced on a colored home last night to see Sylvester Carrier, colored who was believed to know the whereabouts of Hunter. Their companions then rained bullets on the house, the fire was returned. The number of persons in the house was estimated at twenty-five. Before dawn the white men's ammunition was exhausted and the people escaped before the supply could be replenished. A search of the house revealed that Sylvester Carrier and his mother Sarah Carrier had been shot to death. Lesty Gordon, colored woman was shot to death as she was leaving her burning dwelling, it was reported. This afternoon the body of Mingo Williams, colored was found on a road about twenty miles from Rosewood. He had been shot through the jaw. The white men wounded were: Cecilia (Continued on Page Eight) HIGH SCHOOL PROBLEMS IN VIRGINIA ARE DISCUSSED BY THE PRINCPALS IN CONFERENCE AT V. N. I. I., PETERSBURG TWO A most helpful and instructive meeting of principals of Negro High Schools of the State in conference with State, City, and rural officials, engaged in high school education was held at Virginia Normal and Industrial Institute, December 21-22, Mr. William D. Gresham, Supervisor of Negro Education; Mr. Henry G. Ellis, State Supervisor of Secondary Education and D. J. M. Gandy, President of V. N. & I. I. presided. At the first session, 10:00 A. M. Thursday, Dr. Gandy welcomed the visitors to the Institution. Among his remarks Dr. Gandy stated that the function of the high school teacher is "to train the minds of a race for leadership," and that this fact makes evident "that the progress of civilization resets upon the teachers, and largely the high school teachers." In referring to work that the State is doing for education of all the people, Dr. Gandy remarked: "The State must finally come to realize that the burden of education must rest upon the State." MORE HIGH SCHOOL Mr. Ellis in a short talk gave as the purpose of the conference: "To lay a basis for future high school development." Dr. George P. Phenix, Vice-principal, Hampton Normal and Agricultural Institute, spoke on, "The need for more accredited High Schools for Negroes." In his discussion Dr. Phenix said that his interest in colored schools was because colored people are citizens, not because they are colored; and that it is besthe point to discuss whether Negroes pay sufficient taxes to support the schools that should be established and maintained by public Houses. He said that since the Negro was a large factor in the production of wealth of the State, and a comparatively small consumer of its wealth, that he indirectly was a heavy taxpayer. Dr. Phenix endorsed the recommendation of the "Virginia School Survey" in reference to Negro education. PETERSBURG'S NEW SCHOOLS. Mr. F. M. Martin, Superintendent of Schools, Petersburg, spoke on "The Abitude of Local School Authorities." Mr. Martin spoke only for the city of Petersburg and offered to show the members of the conference concrete evidences of the attitude of the Petersburg authorities in the Peabody High School and the Henry William Graded School, a building which cost $100,000.00; another grade school in the process of construction, which it to cost $50,-000.00, and the plans for still another grade school. The Peabody High School, Supt. Martin said, is the most effective effort in the State for secondary education for Negroes. The Virginia Survey rated this school at 940 on a scale of 1000 points. AMERICA MUST EDUCATE ALL THE PEOPLE. Supt. Martin struck the key note in his statement of why Negroes should receive as good education as they are capable of. We live in a democracy, Mr. Martin said, and the safety politically and the progress economically depend on the intelligence of all the people. No democracy can exist when the people are ignorant. Since the Negro is a part of this republic, and he is here to stay, the life of the nation and the ideals of the democracy depend to a large extent or the intelligent functioning of the Negro population. Mr. Martin clinched the above statement with these words: "If we don't educate all the people, rich, poor, black, white, native and foreign born, we are lost as a nation. As a matter of self-preservation. America must educate all its people." IDEALS OF EDUCATION. Mr. Martin set forth the following ideals for conducting efficiently the education of all boys and girls: 1. The ability to read, write, and figure sufficiently to carry on the business of his life. 2. To understand the government under which he lives so as to be a law abiding citizen. 3. The ability to work with his hands so as to keep his own self respect and to win the respect of others. 4. To be able to appreciate the best in literature and in science. 5. To develop the aesthetic self through a knowledge of music, vocal and instrumental, as far as the native talent can be trained. Mr. Martin closed his remarks by stating that it is the idea of the authorities of Petersburg to give every boy and girl the best and most practical education led by the best teachers that can be secured. ATTITUDE OF BURAL BOARDS The attitude of the Rural Boards was discussed by Mr. E. J. Watkins, Superintendent of Schools, Halifax County. Mr. Watkins touched the questions from a different angle from either of the speakers who preceded him. He approached it from the spiritual side. Among his remarks, he said that the spiritual appeal is the most effective appeal. He believes in stirring the hearts of those in authority so that they will be led to feel their responsibility to a race who has always been faithful even under the most trying circumstances. Mr. Watkins gave statistics to show the attitude of the Halifax School Board toward Negro education: Average daily attendance in 1912, 2390; in 1922 it has risen to 4,768. Number of teachers in 1912 was 65; in 1920, 110. Paid out to Negro teachers in 1912, $12,756; in 1920, $37,752. County built in 1921 colored schools at a cost of $15,000. MISS GREGG ON BASIS FOR THE TRAINING OF TEACHERS. At 3:00 P. M. on Thursday, Miss R. E. Gregg. State Supervisor of Teacher Training, spoke on "A High School Education as a Basis for Professional Training of Teachers." Among the results expected from a high school training, Miss Gregg set forth the following: (1) To eliminate the inadequate, (2) to establish better language abilities in the division, (3) to give him a better method of attacking new subjects, (4) to develop power of reorganizing material, (5) ability to make research on a problem, (6) to broaden general information of literature, science and history, (7) broaden educational experience. In speaking on her second main idea, "Things needed in the professional training," Miss Gregg enumerated (1) ability to teach the various elementary subjects, (2) a broad background of science, history, literature, (3) one full year of college work as basis, (4) definite foundation in principles of education, (5) observation of the art of teaching. These things are necessary for the training of teachers for both elementary and high school work. All high school teachers, in addition to the above should have at least two years of college training in the subject they are expecting to teach and professional training equivalent to at least one year of education. These requisites if met will eliminate much of the poor teaching now being done in the high schools of the State. HIGH SCHOOL REQUIREMENTS The second speaker of the session, Mr. Henry G. Ellis, State Supervisor of Secondary Education, spoke on the "Requirements of the State Board of Education for an Accredited High School." Mr. Ellis's speech contained a wealth of information on many of the most vital questions in the minds of the principals assembled. After insisting upon the necessity of adequate and efficient elementary schools, for no high school has a right to exist at the expense of the elementary school, Mr. Ellis spoke of the development of Negro High Schools, private and public. The high school work for Negroes in the State is mostly done by the private schools. Outside of those schools there are only four accredited high schools in the State for Negroes, Armstrong in Richmond, Booker Washington in Norfolk, Peabody in Petersburg, and I. C. Norcum in Portsmouth. COUNTY TRAINING SCHOOLS. The County Training Schools and High Schools in other cities and towns have from one to three years of high school work. For the minimum requirements for an accredited high school, the speaker gave as follows: (1) nine months' session, (2) elementary grades in connection with high school must also have nine months, elementary grades in the district must have seven months, (3) principals must have two periods of supervision, (4) Teaching force of at least three high school teachers, holding State certificates for high school work he is doing, (5) program organized on departmental basis, (6) physical equipment for efficient instruction under healthful conditions, (7) library requirements, 300 books. Mr. Ellis' speech was eagerly discussed by the principals who were anxious to know not only the 'what' of the requirements but the 'how' also. The question of finance necessary to make these requirements practical in Negro schools was a very vital one, and one on which the State authorities present were unable to answer satisfactorily for themselves or for the principals. Added legislation is needed to supply the necessary funds to realize these conditions in the Negro high schools, and it was the unanimous wish of the body that some measure toward the realization of these ideals be passed by the coming legislature. DR. GREGG. OF HAMPTON The evening session was held in the Audience Hall of the Institute, the whole body of students and a few visitors being present. Most enjoyable music was furnished by the Choral Society under the direction of Miss Anna Lindsay, head of the music department of the Institute. The entire student body sang jubilee songs to the delight of the visitors. The speakers of the evening were Dr. James Gregg, Principal of Hampton Normal and Agricultural Institute, and Mr. Harris Hart, State Superintendent of Public Instruction Dr. Gregg gave figures which showed that Virginia is behind both North Carolina and Kentucky in the development of Negro high schools: North Carolina, 76 high schools, 19 carrying four years. Kentucky, 38 high schools, 28 carrying four years, Virginia, 33 high schools, 7 carrying four years. Dr. Gregg gave two general reasons why Negro high schools should be more rapidly developed in Virginia. First, the Negro boys and girls have the thirst and the ambition for this higher training; second, certain professions and offices require this futler training. HON. HARRIS HART Mr. Hart developed his speech along similar lines as did Mr. Martin, of Petersburg, a democratic government necessitates the ability of all its citizens to do 'straight thinking.' Among the things to keep in mind as to the job of the public school system, Mr. Hart spoke thus: (1) To give everybody a chance and THE RICHMOND PLANET. RICHMOND. VIRGINIA the ability as far as it can be developed, to think and to think straight. If every one has not the power of thinking, the scheme of democracy falls down. The cost of education is the price we pay for living in a democratic government. (2) To create a common capacity for work. A happy society is a busy society. The public school system will grow when it rests upon a safe and sane economic basis. (3) To create ethical notions of what should be. The vast amount of Bolshevistic thinking today is due to lack of ability to think straight. THE PROGRAM OF STUDIES At the last session on Friday morning at 10:00 o'clock, Mr. Combs, Assistant State Supervisor of Secondary Education spoke on the program of studies. This, he said, is the weakest part of the school system. To a remark that had been previously made by one of the speakers that the program of studies was the very heart of the high school, Mr. Combs remarked that if this was true, then the high school system in Virginia is suffering with a bad case of weak heart. Mr. Combs spoke of the changes of recent dates in the purposes and aims of the curriculum of high schools and the necessity of every teacher knowing the trend of educational thought of today—the differentiated curricula in which all types of pupils will be allowed to do what they can to get what they really need either for practical life immediately in the community in which they live, or as preparation for college entrance. Each curriculum, Mr. Combs stated, should be built around what he called a "major" with other allied subjects. In every course the subject of English is considered as a "constant" that is, it must occur and run throughout all the courses. This subject of curriculum making needs to be studied carefully by every principal, for as Mr. Combs stated, many principals in Virginia are ignorant of even the technical terms used by educators in speaking of the subject. VOCATIONAL EDUCATION The subject of Vocational Education was discussed by Mr. R. V. Long, State Supervisor of Trades and Industrial Education. Vocational Education as it is generally understood is not intended for all the pupils of the high schools, but only for those who are going to make practical use of the training secured. Mr. Long attacked the too theoretical nature of much of the work now being done. He also highly advocated short intensive part-time courses during the day for farmers in the less busy season, and the part-time and evening schools for other trades and vocational work. "Physical and Health Education" was discussed by Mr. G. C. Throner, State Supervisor of Physical Education. The State requires at least three periods per week of thirty minutes each as the minimum of physical training in all high schools. Much interest was manifested by the body in the subject of athletics. The meeting closed after voting its appreciation to Mr. Gresham, Mr. Ellis, and others who made the meeting possible and so exceedingly insistent. A committee was appointed to perfect plans for the permanent organization of a meeting of principals of the Negro Secondary Schools. --- TRAIN STRIKES C. JERROD Little Rock, Ark., Jan. 4.—Clarence Jerrod was seriously injured last Tues day morning at about 6:30 o'clock when he was struck by a Missouri Pacific engine. Jerrod was on his way to work when the accident occurred. He was given first aid by members of the engine crew, and later removed to the Bush Memorial hospital, where it is said that he will probably have to have his arm amputated. He had several cuts on the head and his shoulders cut and bruised and one arm almost severed from his body. THE PLANET Umbrella Coupon GOOD FOR FIVE VOTES. ```markdown ``` Hundreds of Thousands DICTIONARIES are in use by business men, engineers, bankers, judges, architects, physicians, farmers, teachers, librarians, clergymen, by successful men and women the world over. Are You Equipped to Win? The New International provides the means to success. It is an all- knowing teacher, a universal question answer. If you seek efficiency and advancement why not make daily use of this vast fund of information? 400,000 Vocabulary Terms. 2700 Pages. Illustrations. Colored Plates. 20,000 Graphical Subjects. 12,000 Biographical Entries. Writeforpremen pages, illustrations and etc. Free, a set of Pocket Maps, your name this paper. G & C. MERRIAM CO. Springfield, Mass. NEGROES ARE LOYAL TO ANGLO-SAXON, SAYS SEYMOUR CARROLL Gafney, S. C. Jan. 1.—The tree Negro of today is just as loyal and friendly to the Anglo-Saxon people as they were to their antebellum ancestors, Seymour Carroll, Recreation Director of the American Real Cross at the U. S. Veterans' Hospital No. 26 near Greenville declared today in opening his address here in the Cherokee County Court House at the 59th annual emancipation exercises celebrating the freedom of the Negroes from Slavery. Speaking to an audience of several hundred people among whom were a large number of white people Carroll asserted that "no race in the world's history have ever made more marvelous progress than the Negro since emancipation from slavery a little more than fifty years ago. "The splendid showing that we have made could not have been accomplish ed had it not been for the fact that deep down in the hearts of the two races here in the south; there is a sin core feeling of the good wishes of prosperity, friendship and co-operation among the better elements of the two races here in the South. "Good citizens among the Negroes of a community mean as much to the Negro himself, as it does to the white people. I have always found that where there are a bad white people in a community, where one race is shiftless, indifferent and idesome that you will find the same thing in general among the races in the same community. Good citizenship, safe citizenship, sane citizenship, progressive citizenship elevates the standing of the community, it makes life, health and prosperity safer—promotes a spirit of industry, morality and a high christian spirit of co-operation among the races in the city, the county, the state and country. "We must not permit the troubles here and there on the part of a few thoughtless white people who so often misrepresent their own race to cause us to feel that we do not have some good friends here in the State of South Carolina. We will ever have disturbing elements among both races—always trying to create trouble. Such people never represent the best element; they are enemies of both races. I have an abiding faith in not only the willingness, but the desire of the white people of the State and country to lend a helping hand to the good, safe, sane and progressive Negro in every community." THE MIGRATION OF THE NEGRO Declaring that the migration of the Negro from the South to the North and West is a heavy loss Seymour Carroll advanced no ideas as to how it can be checked, but declared that the movement is not actuated by racial animosity. In hi. opinion it is caused by the presence of the boll weevil, poor housing and industrial conditions poor school facilities, the dread of what he has read and been told of the Ku Klux Klan. He is looking for better living conditions, more opportunities for the education of his children in the free public schools. He hopes to make more money. "I want to say here," he declared. "let us make up a program for better educational, social, economic conditions, let us declare ourselves in favor of justice at the bar in all courts of the land for all races. Stretching his remarks to the great program of his people in education, commerce and industry he went on to say that there are 70 successful Negro banking institutions in the United States, three of which have an annual clearing in excess of $1,000,000 each, that in the past 60 years illiteracy has been reduced from 95 to 25 per cent; that the Negroes in the U. S., have amassed over $1,000,000,000 worth of property and are increasing their holdings at the rate of $50,000,000 per year, while the most of them are found on the farms we have 1,000,000 in various trades and industries, there are 400 normal schools and colleges, 45,000 teachers and $28,000,000 was the budget for Negro education last year, of this amount $2,000,000 was the direct and voluntary contribution of the Negroes themselves. I want to say here that if the American Negro can survive the competition of the American business man. I am sure he can triumph over every other difficulty which we may find in the pathway of our commercial, industrial and educational progress. When the Negro asks for better school facilities, adequate sanitary arrangements in the part of the city given over to him, good streets equal rail road accommodation, police protection in his part of town, he does not seek social standing with his white people in the community; but the things that will tend to make him a better citizen and give him the comforts of life, let us credit the black man with a desire for civic justice, to be treated on his moral, intellectual and economic merits as any other American citizen. I brand forever the lie that there lives a colored man or woman in dear old South Carolina who ever wanted to socialize, with white people. I do feel that deep down in every Negroes soul is that sincere desire to be the best Negro in the community." Throwing his arms high into the air, he said he was thankful to God here in South Carolina that the black man has unseism. God-fearing white friends in every part of the State who are not afraid or defending the Black South Carolinian in the right, white men who are with us in the right to help keep us right, with us in the wrong to help get us right. I count among my best and dear best friends white people who live in the city of Greenville. Closing his address he added: "I have an abiding faith in the good people of South Carolina, both black and white." Leaning over the court rallying he closed with the dying words of Gen. Wade Hampton: "God bless all of my people both black and white alike." 8202 A fine specimen of Roman tessellated pavement which has been discovered at Colchester, England. On the left is Mr. A. W Frost, who made the find. ROMAN REMAINS DISCOVERED IN ENGLAND POCKETS NOT LARGE ENOUGH TO TAKE HOME HIS SALARY. Photo shows a German baker receiving his weekly wage which he is placing in a cigar box preparatory to his journey home or to the bank. In this country master bakers receive in the neighborhood of $80 to $90 per week. If this baker received anything like this sum in marks, it is not unlikely that he will have to build a private bank to store his marks. THE GLOBULAR A GRIM SOUVENIR OF THE WAR in war souvenir from the Adriatic Sea. mini. Italy with all it's "atmosphere" intact. Here is a grim war souvenir from the Adriatic Sea. A mine cast upon the near Rimini, Italy with all it's "atmosphere" of the days before the armistice. A A HUMAN LETTER X. I skater doing a difficult jump and t he winter sporting season just op A professional skater doing a difficult jump and turn on the ice in Switzerland, where the winter sporting season just opened. A professional skater doing a difficult jump and turn on the ice in Switzerland, where the winter sporting season just opened. THE SAILING SYSTEM AVIATOR HAS NARROW ESCAPE. A British aviator had engine trouble and his plane fell nose down into the ocean. Fortunately a squadron was in the vicinity and saw the pilot sitting on the tail of his plane, waving frantically and picked him up. A. H. RETIRES LEAVING A $1,000,000 BUSINESS TO EMPLOYEES Henry A. Dix, makers of women's uniforms is ready to retire at age of 72, having turned his business over to his employees, to whom he has lent $250,000 for working capital. He will serve as director at a salary of $1,100 per year. THE FILM MAKER A story of fashion is told here in the meshes of laces. Sheer pleated lace panels combined with brown satin, dinner frock for a 'Jeune Flele' THE RIGHMOND PLANET, RIGHMOND, VIRGINIA net's New Puzzle DONG WITH THE server? Have you good eye your chance to try them out CASH PRIZE O closes January 1 find that are wrong? For instance you will inside down; that the stable door is too low THING THAT DOES NOT LOOK RIGHT TO YOU IN THE SKILL AS AN OBSERVER. THE PLANET WISHES CIRCULATION OF THE PLANET, WE WILL GIVE SUB employee's family, may submit an answer. or before Monday, January 15, 1923. each sheet numbered. The name and lists. If you write about subscriptions right in the picture, and number each such SPECIAL CASH $10.00 The Planet's New Puzzle Contest WHAT'S WRONG WITH THIS PICTURE? Are you a good observer? Have you good eyes and quick wits? Here's your chance to try them out and BIG WIN CHEESE HUB ONE ON ONE ON ONE ON ONE ON NO WIN NO WIN NO WIN ZUMMER BOARDERS TAKEN IN DAVE Contest closes January 15th,1923 TAKE A PENCIL AND MAKE A NOTE OF EACH THING THAT DOES NOT LOOK RIGHT TO YOU IN THE PICTURE. THIS IS NOT A GUESSING CONTEST NOR A GAME OF CHANCE, BUT A TEST OF YOUR SKILL AS AN OBSERVER. THE PLANET WISHES TO MAKE IT WORTH YOUR WHILE TO SEND IN YOUR ANSWER. IN ORDER TO EXTEND THE CIRCULATION OF THE PLANET, WE WILL GIVE SUBSTANTIAL PRIZES WORTH STRIVING FOR. prize will go to the members of any one puzzle only one will be allowed, a prize. whether subscriptions were sent in or not if this community who are fully qualified to abide by their awards. LIST OF PRIZES: CLASS 2 If one year's subscription is sent in with the answer. $ 15.00 10.00 5.00 3.00 2.00 1.00 CLASS 3 If two year's subscription is sent in with the answer. $ 25.00 18.00 10.00 5.00 2.50 2.00 DRESS ALL REPLIE THE PLANET, 311 NORTH FOURTH ST., RICHMOND, VA. Contest closes How many things in this picture can you find that are wired the flag; that Uncle Silas has his hat on upside down; that you take a pencil and make a note of each thing that does notnor a game of chance, but a test of your skill as an answer to your answer. In order to extend the circulation of the rules of the game. 1. Anyone not an employee of The Planet or a member of an employee's family, may submit it open to everyone and it costs nothing to join the club. 2. Answers must be handed into The Planet office or mailed on or before Monday, January 3. All lists should be written on one side of the paper only and each sheet numbered. Address of the contestant should be plainly written at the head of the lists. If you write about any other matter in your letter use a separate sheet for that purpose. 4. Make short notations of each thing you can find that is not right in the picture, and note, notation, 1, 2, 3, etc. For instance as follows: 1. Too few stars on flag. 2. No hoops on barrel. 3. Jim's tie upside down. 4. Barn door too low, etc. 1. Anyone not an employee of The Planet or a member of an employee's family, may submit an answer. It is open to everyone and it costs nothing to join the club. 2. Answers must be handed into The Planet office or mailed on or before Monday, January 15, 1923. 3. All lists should be written on one side of the paper only and each sheet numbered. The name and address of the contestant should be plainly written at the head of the lists. If you write about subscriptions or any other matter in your letter use a separate sheet for that purpose. 4. Make short notations of each thing you can find that is not right in the picture, and number each such notation, 1, 2, 3, etc. For instance as follows: Do not write long explanatory sentences. Make notations brief. The judges will know. 5. Contestant having largest list of "things wrong" wins first prize. Next highest, secon two club members tie for first place the sum of the first and second prizes will be divided be rata according to their class. The next highest gets third, etc. If three should happen to the same rule will apply. 5. Contestant having largest list of "things wrong" wins first prize. Next highest, second, etc. Should two club members tie for first place the sum of the first and second prizes will be divided between them pre rata according to their class. The next highest gets third, etc. If three should happen to tie for a prize, the same rule will apply. 6. In making the awards the lists will be considered solely on their merits. The judges will have at their disposal the puzzle-maker's master list of "things wrong" which will be their authority and which will govern their decisions. Irrelevant answers will not be considered. 7. Candidates may co-operate in solving the puzzle but only one prize will go to the members of any one household. When two or more persons have worked together on the puzzle only one will be allowed a prize. 8. All answers will receive the same consideration regardless of whether subscriptions were sent in or not. 9. The Judges will be three reliable and well known residents of this community who are fully qualified for the task. Their decision will be final and each contestant agrees to abide by their awards. ```markdown ``` Copyrighted 1922, Eben E. Lawson, Willmar, Minn. RULES OF THE GAME. 2. No hoops on barrel. 4. Barn door too low, etc 5. Jim's tie updes down. 6. Barn door too low, etc FIRST PRIZE SECOND PRIZE THIRD PRIZE FOURTH PRIZE FIFTH PRIZE SIXTH PRIZE Puzzle Co. WITH THIS you good eyes and try them out and ZE OF January 15th instance you will notice that door is too low for the RIGHT TO YOU IN THE PICTURE THE PLANET WISHES TO MAKE WE WILL GIVE SUBSTANTIA SPECIAL CASH PRIZE $10.00 to the one sending in the highest number of Subscriptions over four. CLASS 3 If two year's subscription is sent in with the answer. $ 25.00 18.00 10.00 5.00 2.50 2.00 REPLIES T URTH ST THREE --- You do not need a dictionary nor a high school or college education to solve this puzzle. Just a general knowledge of common everyday things. In fact a young bright boy or girl is likely to win over the college professor in this game. So look sharp: To the one who can find the largest number of things wrong in the above picture we will give a prize of $3.00 Make out a list. You might win with little effort. It will cost you nothing to join this club. But we have decided that if you send us one new subscription with your answer and you should win, we will give you a cash prize of $15.00 We will even go you one better than that. If with your winning list you send in two new subscriptions we will make the prize $25. See our list of prizes below FOUR Published Every Saturday by John Mitchell, Jr. at 311 North Fourth Street, Richmond, Va. EDITOR - JOHN MITCHELL, JR. All communications intended for publication should be sent to reach us by Wednesday. Entered at the Post Office at Richmond, Virginia as second class matter. SUBSCRIPTION RATES One Year ..... $ 2.00 Six Months ..... 1.00 Three Months ..... .00 Foreign Subscriptions ..... 2.00 SATURDAY... JANUARY 13, 1923 Climbing stairs is tiresome. Coming down the same flight is easy. People, who are constructive have but little time for injurious agitation. Some peple wall and cry over their troubles. Some other people work and forget them. People, who attain eminence in this world go up to be shot at. Sometimes, the injury is deadly. People, who are destructive find but little time for anything else but destructive agitation. People, who stir up ractal feeling between white and colored people are the enemies of both. Many of the ailments from which we suffer are imaginary. Those that are real require skillful treatment. The Liberians may feel keenly, the action of the United States Senate, but they are "sawing wood and saying nothing." Some colored folks are interested in race elevation. Some others cannot see beyond their own selfish limits. If they are themselves prospering, the race is forgotten. Advice is freely given and sometimes will prove of inestimable value, but most young people scoff at the one giving it, only to eventually fall into a "sea of trouble." A woman is no older than she believes herself to be. It takes fifty years to round out a man and forty-five to make the most sensible woman, so there you are. When a woman has no sense, she is called a chicken. When a woman has some sense, she is called a hen. Some men are picking bens for wives these days. President Harding has issued orders requiring all United States troops in Europe to return home. This was done after the United States Senate by a vote of 57 to 6 had requested him so to de. Some people rejoice when they make money and mourn when they lose it. Still, they must die and leave all to some one else, who worked least for it and some times people get it who have not worked for it at all. Zion Baptist Church of Philadelphia has succeeded in securing the services of the brilliant Rev. W. B. Reed, of Hartford. Conn. What is Hartford's loss is Philadelphia's gain. He is one of the ablest pupil orators in this section of the country and will no doubt prove to be a valuable asset to the church which was far seeing enough to call him. Shiloh Baptist Church of Hartford has prospered under his administrations and his leaving this faithful people will no doubt be as heart-reading to him as it will prove to be to his devoted friends in that northern section. Secretary James Weldon Johnson of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People charges Attorney Perry W. Howard with being responsible for the laying aside and practical defeat of the Dyer Anti- Lynching Bill. Now comes Hon. Marcus Garvey in the New York Negro World declaring that James Weldon Johnson and W. E. B. Du Bois were responsible for the defeat of this measure. We had been under the impression that the Democratic minority added by certain renegade Republicans in the United States Senate were responsible for the "side-tracking" of the measure. Stili, we live to learn and we learn to live. Dr. William A. Sinclair, Executive Secretary of the General Alumni Association of Howard University and Trustee of the same institution was in the city recently and he outlined a plan to have the trustees of the University recommended first by the Alumni Associations in various parts of the country as a prerequisite to the election or any one of them to the position. Dr. Sinclair was very enthusiastic over the proposition and plainly stated that the movement would be a success. The Howard Alumni Sentinel, the first copy of which is before us, under the heading, "Foreword" states in seven pronouncements, the purpose of the General Alumni Association and over the signature of President I. H. Nutter declares that they intend "to make Howard University an institution that shall be to her alumni what Yale and Harvard, and Princeton, and Oxford and like schools are to theirs." What will be the end of this agitation? What does it mean? This great institution has had some of the ablest colored men on its faculty that our race has produced and even now shelters great mountain oaks, so to speak within its official confines. We shall watch with interest the result of the movement, which carries with it the raising of millions of dollars on the part of the Alumni to make this great institution all that it should be from a higher educational stand-point. KU KLUX KLAN HEARINGS. The recital of the tragedies which took place not long since at Mer Rouge, Louisiana is all the more unjustifiable when it is being disclosed that the officers of the law, clothed with the power to mete legal punishment to wrong-doers were the moving spirits and perpetrators of the outrages, which have startled the civilized world in order to inflict cruel and unusual punishments, the law was discarded and the tortures of the Middle Ages were outdone. We do not doubt, but what similar tortures have been inflicted from time to time upon helpless colored people in that same neighborhood. Now the power of the Government both national and state is behind the movement and the result will prove to be beneficial to all parts of this country. The attempt of the Ku Klux Klan as an organization to disavow responsibility has only emphasized the fact that these murderous happenings are absolutely indefensible. Masks and paraphernalia, which would make it possible for fiends to hide behind this cloak of secrecy and perpetrate outrages that would be a disgrace to barbarians should be outlawed. If the Ku Klux Klan desires to continue its existence, it would be made to unmask. We do not know of anything, which has proven the need more completely of a measure like the Dyer Anti-Lynching Bill than have these bloody disclosures. The measure should be with-drawn from the committee and placed upon the statute books of this country. In addition, let the Congress pass concurrent jurisdiction just as it did in the anti-liquor measure. Certainly, the saving of human life and the protection of the same is just as important as the saving of the human system from the curse of intoxication. Lynch law and its twin brother, Ku Klux Klan must go. "DOUBLE DRY PENALTIES." The New York Times, in its issue of the 9th inst. says: The full text of the opinion of the Supreme Court delivered by Chief Justice Taft on December 11, holding that punishment in a State Court for violation of a State prohibition statute does not bar prosecution in a Federal Court under the Federal law for the same offense, is printed in the January 1 number of United States Supreme Court Advance Opinions. The case came up on a writ of error by the United States, which asked for the reversal of an order of the District Court for the Western District of the State of Washington dismissing five counts of an indictment charging manufacturing, transporting and possessing intoxicating liquor. The defendants filed a plea setting forth that a judgment had been entered against each of them in a State Court under a statute in force before the Eighteenth Amendment went into effect and before the passage of the Vololstead act. Counsel for the defendants argued that two punishments for the same act one under the national law and the other under the State law, constituted a violation of the Fifth Amendment forbidding that 'any person be subject for the same "offense to be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb." Chief Justice Taft repeated the conclusions already announced in the National Prohibition Cases. The first section of the amendment is binding and operative throughout the United States THE RICHMOND PLANET, RICHMOND, VIRGINIA and invalidates every legislative act, Federal, State or Territorial, to the contrary. The "concurrent power" section enables Congress and the several States not to defeat but to enforce prohibition. "Concurrent power" doesn't mean "joint power," or that the approval of the several States or any of them is needed to make prohibition legislation by Congress effective, or that the power of enforcement "is divided between Congress and the States along the lines which separate or distinguish foreign and interstate commerce from intrastate affairs." The power of Congress under Section 2, though not exclusive, coextends territorially with the prohibition of Section 1, includes intrastate manufacture and so on, as well as importation and exportation and interstate traffic, and doesn't depend on and isn't affected by what the States do or fail to do. Chief Justice Taft says that the 18th Amendment invalidates every legislative act, but he is careful not to say that the 18th Amendment invalidates any previous Amendment to the Constitution of the United States. But in his conclusions, he virtually says this very thing for he asserts, despite the fact that while the life or limb of any citizen cannot be twice placed in jeopardy in this country for the same offense, he shows how the life or limb of a citizen is placed in jeopardy for the same offense and he declares that although it is a legislative provision, it is lawful. He overlooks the fact that there cannot be two sovereigns in a Republic one the equal of the other as against a centralized form of government. The one must necessarily supercede or over-ride the other. The sovereign powers of a State are co-equal, but the sovereign powers of the National Government and that of a State cannot be co-equal. When the States ratified the Prohibition or 18th Amendment to the Constitution, it surrendered its sovereignty in this particular case to the National Government. We are indulging in this comment as a matter of argument. As a matter of fact, "the water has already passed under the bridge" and we bow to the decree of the august tribunal, although we must admit that it seems to us that the great jurists have yielded to the popular demand, instead of following strictly the letter of the law. The Times in its comment says further: The State power to prohibit and enforce comes not from the Eighteenth Amendment, but from the Tenth: "The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the people." Therefore, two sovereignies have the power, derived from different sources, of enacting prohibition laws; are "capable of dealing with the same" subject matter within the same territory." The only limitation on the power of the State is that it can't make valid acts which the Amendment prohibits: Each Government, in determining what shall be an offense against its peace and dignity, is exercising its own sovereignty, not that of the other. It follows that an act denounced as a crime by both National and State authorities is an offense against the peace and dignity of both, and may be punished by each. The Fifth Amendment, like all the other guarantees in the first eight amendments, applies only to proceedings by the Federal Government, and the double jeopardy therein forbidden is a second prosecution under authority of the Federal Government after a first trial for the same offense under the same authority. Here the same act was an offense against the State of Washington because a violation of its law, and also an offense against the United States under the National Prohibition act. The defendants thus committed two a conviction by the court of Washington different offenses by the same act, and ton of the offense against that State is not a conviction of the different offense against the United States, and so is not double jeopardy. But the States are prohibited from placing the life or limb of a citizen twice in jeopardy and inversely, the United States is prohibited from doing the same thing. If a citizen has already been punished for a crime this logically prohibits him from being punished again upon the same charge for the same offense. According to this ruling, the lynchers at Mer. Rouge, with a national antilynching bill in operation could after their conviction in Louisiana, be again haled into a Federal Court and placed on trial for their lives. As much as we are opposed to lynching, we cannot see any justification for this in view of the plain restrictive injunction of the Fifth Amendment to the Constitution of the United States. We can see and understand why the southern Senators stood as one man against the enactment of the Dyer Anti-Lynching Bill. It carried with it a rigorous provision, which under the interpretation of the Court would have enabled the strong arm of the National Government to have reached into the States and to hale in to Federal Courts alleged lynchers imposing upon them the cost of two prosecutions, the second one following after the defense had disclosed its hand in the State court and the evidence or the defense thus disclosed, to be used with telling effect in a prosecution in a Federal Court. The-New York Times concludes: This view of the Fifth Amendment has been held by the Supreme Court in a long series of decisions. The Chief Justice says that the District Court for the Western District of Washington "is the only District Court which has held conviction in a State court a bar to prosecution for the same act under the Volstead law." He makes the law and the principle perfectly clear and he ends his opinion, directing that the judgment be reversed, with these words, instinct with his characteristic luminous common sense; If Congress sees fit to bar prosecution by the Federal courts for any act when punishment for violation of State prohibition has been imposed, it can of course, do so by proper legislative provision; but it has not done so. If a State were to punish the manufacture, transportation and sale of intoxicating liquor by small or nominal fines, the race of offenders to the courts of that State to plead guilty and secure immunity from Federal prosecution for such acts would not make for respect for the Federal statute or for its deterrent effect. But it is not for us to discuss the wisdom of legislation; it is enough for us to hold that, in the absence of special provision by Congress, conviction and punishment in a State court under a State law for making, transporting and selling intoxicating liquors is not a bar to a prosecution in a court of the United States, under the Federal law, for the same acts. Personally speaking, we are of the opinion that the District Court for the Western District of Washington was right. Certain it is unfortunate that a great jurist should deliver a dissertation upon the possible effect of construing the law in accordance with the constitutional facts. It should be a case of "hewing to the line, let the chips fall where they may." This may yet prove to be a case where the logical results of this decision will return to plague the inventor. But why should we set ourselves up to criticise a jurist and a tribunal that is as high above us as the dome of St. Peters is above the earth. We are simply exercising the right and privilege of an American citizen and explaining to the public the situation as we see it. Selah. THAT RESPONSIVE RACIAL FEELING. We have always held that the time would come when the colored people of the Southland would realize in all of its vividness that some of their best friends if not the best friends among the white people of this section resided below the Mason and Dixon line. The right to vote would be protected by southern white people against the onslaughts of some white folks who live in the North. We see on think we see the beginning of the dawn of this day. The following dispatch sent over the country will be read with down-right pleasure by colored people every where: Washington, Jan. 9. An unusual tribute was paid by the House today to Representative, Stedman, Democrat, North Carolina, the only Confederate veteran serving in that body, when he rose to make a plea for favorable consideration of a bill to permit the erection in Washington of a monument to the "Southern Negro Mammy." The entire membership, Republicans and Democrats, cheered Mr. Stedman for several minutes when he began and after he had praised the Negro Mammy of ante bellum days, he was given another round of applause. The bill would authorize the Daughters of the Confederacy to erect the monument on government owned ground. Mr. Stedman painted the Negro Mammy's fidelity as without parallel in history, and declared the erection of a monument would mark one of the few times when a people had so honored one of another race living among them. Representative Stedman is the representative of a type of southerners, who are growing sadly fewer, but their sympathies and feelings have been transmitted to their children, both male and female. God bless him. This outburst has been followed by another. Here is the report; Raleigh, N. C., Jan. 9.—While Congressman C. M. Stedman of the Fifth North Carolina District, an officer of the Confederate army, is asking Congress to erect a monument on public ground in Washington to the memory of the "faithful colored mammals of the South." Another Civil War veteran is endeavouring to interest the General Assembly here in a measure providing a pension for slaves who followed their masters into the Southern army and remained faithful to them. Colonel W. F. Beasley, of Plymouth is the advocate of this plan. He told the Associated Press that about 100 of these faithful former slaves remain alive in North Carolina and that the cost of a pension for them during the remainder of their lives would not be a heavy drain on the treasury. We are having our troubles and this is a world of trouble. But somewhere and somehow, all will come right. The lawless white element and the insulting and ill-advised black element will ultimately be given their "walking papers," so to speak and not be permitted to sever the bond of union, which has existed between the better class of white and colored people for a century or more. "Prayers of the righteous prevaileth much," says the Scriptures. Certain it is that the time is not far distant, when God in His own time will wipe all the tears from our eyes. Get The Planet at your door every week for a year. Send $2 and the carrier will bring it to you MOUNT CARMEL OPENS NEW AUDITORIUM SUNDAY. At the re-opening of the Auditorium of the Mount Carmel Baptist Church after Four Thousand Dollars ($4,000) of renovation and beautifying the Church and Pastor are especially inviting Richmond and vicinity to pay a visit next Sunday. The pastor, Rev. E. D. Caffee, A. b. has announced one of his most interesting and popular sermons for 11:30 A. M.: "From the Garden of Gethsmane to the Mountain of Olivet with Jesus!" At night, S130 P. M., in the newly electrically lighted auditorium the pasor will preach his second sermon: "Christian Powers Born of Experience!" It is hoped and expected that there will not be left a single vacant seat at both services. The Presbyterian League of Richmond is sponsor for the Seventeenth Street Mission, the only colored mission conductue by whites in this city. This mission is doing a remarkable work under a six-fold program: Sunday School, Christian Endeavor, personal work and visiting, prayer meetings, preaching and home departments. The average attendance at Sunday School, Church, and Christian Endeavor is 376. During three weeks in December, 129 visits were made, 53 sick persons visited, 59 prayer services held in the home and visits made to 49 absentees. L. A. McMurray is head of the visiting teams. The committee in charge is composed of W. S. Rhoads, chairman; Rev. W. L. Lingle, Charles Lorraine, and William R. Miller. First Union Baptist Church, corner Elizabeth and Moore Streets, is getting along nicely. Rev. Gladdings served there last Sunday and a serviceable day was on record. Rev. J. E. Fountain is scheduled for next Sunday and a great time is anticipated. This Church was pastored by the lamented Rev. William Thomas up to the time of his death several months ago, and serves a thriving community. The Leigh Street Memorial M. E. Church has developed an excellent young people's choir, under the direction of Mme. C. N. Jackson and last Sunday night they rendered a sacred cantata at Ebenezer Baptist Church. It was a splendid rendition on with the technique well nigh perfect. Rev. C. C. Gill B. D. is pastor of this Church and is intensely interested in young people. CALLED TO SHARON Sharon Baptist Church has extended a call to the Rev. R. H. Johnson to fill the pastorate of that Church. Rev. Johnson is a young and promising divine, now pastoring the St. John Baptist Church, Gunter Park. He is also a teacher at Armstrong High School. It is believed that he will accept the call. SUNDAY SCHOOL UNIONS The Richmond District Sunday School, of the Virginia Baptist State Convention held its monthly session at Zion Baptist Church, South Richmond. A splendid program was rendered and plans made for more constructive Sunday School work here in Richmond. Mr. E. J. Cunningham is president. The Richmond Baptist Sunday School Union met at First Baptist Church and installed their officers for the yaer., Mr. W. S. Morgan is the new president, succeeding Mr. J. L. Ballard. EVANGELISTIC SERVICES The Y. M. C. A. will conduct evangelistic services for men each Sunday afternoon in this month. Last Sunday at Sixth Mount Zhon two men accepted Christ. Fifth Street Baptist Church conducted a home revival this week. First Baptist Church will have revival services all next week. TOPICS FOR SUNDAY Sunday School International Lesson: "Jesus Teaches Humility." The text is Luke the 14th chapter. B. Y. P. U. and Christian Endeavor Topic: "Why Do You Think the Bible is the Word of God?" II Timothy 3:14-17. BROOK ROAD BAPTIST CHURCH. Sunday School 9:30 A. M. Services: 10:45 A. M. Evening Service 7:45. Revival service still in progress. All are welcome. REV. G. W. BAILEY. Acting Pastor CHILDREN ENJOYED CHRISTMAS FEAST AT GIRLS' HOME. One of the important events of the Christmas week, was a "Thank Offering" Christmas dinner donated to the children of the city by a white friend. The dinner was served at the Home for Working Girls at 502 W. Clay St. More than sixty children were made happy. Throughout the dinner the spirit of a Merry Christmas prevailed. After three cheers for the Donor, the Committee and Neighborhood club, they repaired to the yard where Mr. Dixon photographed them. The committees in charge sent out fifty baskets of groceries to the aged as their thank offering. The following committees cooked and served the dinner: Madame Ora Brown Stokes, chairman; Misses Sarah Hinton and Fula Cunningham Madames, Edith Bradford, Ella James, S. S. Sparrow, Sarah Bassieux, Lizzie Davis, Sophia Owens, Fannie Bolling, Louise Sully, Harrett Harris, Ida Williams, Mary Mayo, Alice Winston and Minerva Braxton. Break chest colds Apply Sloan's. It draws congestion to the surface. Starts blood circulating freely and thus breaks up the cold! Sloan's Liniment —kills pain! For rheumatism, bruises, strains, chest colds MADAM IDA B. JEFFERSON A. WIDOW LADY EVANGELIST 10TH EPISCOPAL DISTRICT A. M. E. CHURCH. NORTH TEXAS A HEALER OF GREAT POWER Every man and woman ought to see this wonderful lady, for she can tell you many things that will put you to wondering. Madame Jefferson can bring tangled brains to the light of helpful knowledge. red a wonderful hair restorative. It grows hair on bald ents wanted. She teaches the art. For consultation, sickness, send two dollars ($2.00) and if you take this will go on your bill. MME. IDA B. JEFFERSON. has discovered a wonderful hair restorative. It grows hair on bald heads. Agents wanted. She teaches the art. For consultation, other than sickness, send two dollars ($2.00) and if you take treatment, this will go on your bill. --- --- and thous for B also Can PRICE sent by AGENTS OUTFIT—1 Hair Grower, 1 Temple Oil, 1 Shampoo, 1 Pressing Oil, 1 Face Cream and Direc-tion for Selling, $2.00. 25 cents extra for postage. S. D. LYONS, 316 North Central, Oklahoma City, Okla. NE, RAN, 4903 NIGHT PHONE, MAD, 5,5-W A. PRICE COMPANY GENERAL DIRECTORS AND EMBALMERS Famous Rooms for Meetings and Entertainments. OFFICE AND WAREROOMS 17TH STREET, RICHMOND, VIRGINIA Dodgers, Pres.; W. A. Price, Treas.; Nathaniel Roy, Mgr. AGENTS OUTF 1 Shampoo, 1 Pro tion for Selling. S. D. LYONS, 316 AGENTS OUTFIT—1 Hair Grower, 1 Temple Oil, 1 Shampoo, 1 Pressing Oil, 1 Face Cream and Direction for Selling, $2.00. 25 cents extra for postage. 700 N. 17TH STREET, RICHMOND, VIRGINIA Thos. D. Rodgers, Pres.; W. A. Price, Treas.; Nathaniel Roy. Mgr. W. T. GRAY EST CLAY ST., RICHMOND, VA. GARAGE, CARS STORED AT REASONABLE RATES. Automobiles Washed, Polished, and Greased. AUTOMOBILE MECHANICS Always Ready to Serve You XI-SERVICE FURNISHED ON SHORT NOTICE. Cars Furnished for Short or Long Trips. 511 WEST CLAY ST., RICHMOND, VA. AUTO GARAGE, CARS STORED AT REASONABLE RATES. Automobiles Washed, Polished, and Greased. EXPERT AUTOMOBILE MECHANICS Always Ready to Serve You TAXI-SERVICE FURNISHED ON SHORT NOTICE. Cars Furnished for Short or Long Trips. --- ROBERT C. SCOTT, Funeral Director FIRST CLASS LIVERY. OFFICE 2220 E. MAIN ST. TELEPHONE, RANDOLPH 2073. ALL NIGHT AND SUNDAY CALL RAN. 2703. RICHMOND, VIRGINIA. PHOTOS—We Offer. You the Latest and Most Artistic Photos at a More Moderate Figure than you can Obtain Elsewhere. Special Attention Paid to Children. We will also be Pleased to Quote You Prices on Exterior and Interior ```markdown ``` every man and w she an tell you man Madame Jefferson can sensibility. She can cure any disease that you were not born with, in fact, she can locate any disease in the human body, and tell your complaint by your writing to her When other doctors have failed, then write her and she will give you full details of your disease. Madame Jefferson possesses a natural born gift from birth and is one of the greatest licensed preachers of the age. She has a supernatural gift. God has given her power to heal and lead her people. Her advice on business problems is worth more than you will ever be able to pay. Only business matters will be answered. Send ten cents in stamps for reply. Mme. Jefferson BOX 648. THE MAYOR OF NEW YORK LONGVIEW, TEXAS EAST INDIA HAIR GROWER Will Promote a Full Growth of Hair, will also restore the Strength, Vitality and the Beauty of the Hair. If your Hair is Dry and Wiry try EAST INDIA HAIR GROWER. If you are bothered with Falling Hair Dandruff, Itching Scalp, or Hair Trouble, we want you to try a jar of EAST INDIA HAIR GROWER. The remedy contains medical proprieties that go to the roots of the hair, stimulates the skin, helping nature to do its work. Leaves the hair soft and silky. Perfumed with a balm of a thousand flowers. The best known remedy for Heavy and Beautiful Black Eyebrows, also restores Gray Hair to its Natural Color Can be used with hot iron for Straightening by Mail 500 with 100 Tattoo . ROANOKE ITEMS. ROAOKO, VA., January 9.—The A. M. E. Church Junior A. C. E. League orchestra entertained the Senior League last Sunday night. The orchestra is led by Mrs. Sadie Broadnax, who is making great and telling results with the little ones, Earnestine Curtis and Ramey and others. Mrs. Celestine Thompson, of Eleventh Street and Salem Avenue, S. W. is indisposed. Mrs. Mattie West, of Tenth Avenue is indisposed at this writing. Miss Nannie Stanfield, of Pittsburgh, Pa. is at home with parents and friends for a while. Miss Maggie Dehaven has returned after spending New Years in Rocky Mount with old friends, and reports a pleasant time. Rev. James S. Hatcher used for his text Sunday morning, the 91st Psalm and handled his theme wonderfully. At night he preached the sermon of his pastorate here, when he used for a subject, "The Ancient and Modern Liar's of All Ages." At the conclusion all were informed as to who was The Liar. Mrs. Mattie West, 312 Tenth Avenue, N. E. is confined to her bed with lagrine. Mrs. G. S. Edmondson; 331 Tenth Avenue, N. E. is indisposed with lagrine. Miss Ella Saunders, 219 Eighth Avenue, N. W., who has been confined to her home since December 9th with lumbago, is much improved under the care of Dr. G. E. Moore. Mrs. Sarah Jane Gravely, one of the oldest members of the First Baptist Church passed away last Sabbath morning after a brief illness at the home of Mrs. Ellen Rhodes. Mrs. Gravely was a very energetic and faithful member of the First Baptist Church. The community loses a most earnest worker, the Church a strong advocate, whose place cannot be filled. Rev. A. L. James delivered the funeral eulogy Tuesday evening, the 9th, at 2:30 o'clock. There was quite a large attendance, including white friends of this honored Christian woman and soldier of the Cross. Rev. James S. Hatcher, B. D. D. D, preached for Rev. W. W. Hicks and his congregation Sunday on "Abraham's Mistakes." The good people of Mt. Zion Baptist Church are installing a very fine pipe organ, which will add much to the grandeur of the church. Rev. W. E. Lee preached at High Street Baptist Church Sunday morning from St. John 9:4. "I must work the works of Him that sent Me while it is day, for the night cometh when no man can work." He gave all needed reasons why we should work. The collection amounted to $1,051 for the month of December. Mr. P. C. Price, the only son of the late Henry Price, arrived home Monday and will spend the week assisting his mother in arranging matters. Mr. J. R. Mitchell, of Seventh Avenue, N. W. is much improved at this writing. Mrs. Fuqua, of Galmer Avenue, has been much indisposed for several weeks. Mrs. Elizabeth Riley is up and getting on nicely. Mr. G. L. Pittman, 212 Seventh Avenue, N. E. is much better. Don't forget the old Planet Agent. Pay up and begin anew, is the wish of your agent. Miss Eva Taylor is at home, 705 Seventh Avenue, from Ironton, Ohio; Mrs. Addie Stanfield is much indsposed at her home, 519 Tenth Avenue, N. W. Madison Stanfield will furnish you with the best of remedies for lagrippe and influenza. Call and see him at 153 Wells Alley, N. W. FULTON NOTES. The Mt. Calvary Baptist Sunday School was well attended last Sabbath. Many resolutions which were made by the slothful members were the cause of many being present. Supt. Frank Jeter invites you out at 9:30 A. M. Beginning just Sunday our services commence on time, 11:30 A. M. sharp. Let us keep this up. Rev. Cobbs preached a powerful New Year's sermon, using as his text, Daniel 5:30, "The Handwriting on the Wall," Devotionals were in charge of Rev. C. B. Jefferson, Rev. G. W. Coleman was present and took an active part in the services. One addition by watchcare and one by restoration. We certainly thank our many friends for their financial and numerical support for the year 1922. A unanimous vote of welcome was extended our friends to come at all times. ```markdown ``` 3:30 P. M. we had an old fashion Communion service in praising the Lord. Several divines were present, including those who took an active part, namely, Revs. O. B. Simms, R. C. Williams, Joseph Brown, G. W. Coleman and M. Jackson, of Pittsburgh, Pa. Tomorrow's services: 9:30 A. M. — Sunday School. 11:30 A. M., subject, "Be Sure Your Sins Will Find You Out." By request. 6:20 P. M., B. Y. P. U. Let us attend these services. 8:30 P. M. Rev. Rogers of our Church will preach. Come out and hear him. Live music will be had by the choir. We were glad to have Mrs. Annie Miller, of Bermuda Hundreds and her mother, Mrs. Henderson, of New York. They衣�ipped with us during the Communion services. They spent the night with Rev. and Mrs. A. D. Clarke. They also visited Rev. and Mrs. W. L. Tuck, pastor of First Baptist, Bermuda Hundreds. Rev. W. L. Tuck, the pastor of the ENTER NOW IN THE PLANET'S PUZZLE CONTEST AND YOU MAY GET A PRIZE! YOU MAY WIN AND GET $50 DIRECTIONS ON PAGE 3. New Vine Baptist Church, preached a wonderful illustrated sermon last Sabbath, using as his text, "If I be lifted up, I will draw all men unto Me." The people say it was the greatest sermon they have heard for many years. It was a nail service. RISING MT. ZION CHURCH. Last Sunday at 11 o'clock being the first service of the year, there was a capacity audience and all present enjoyed the wonderful discourse delivered by the pastor. Sunday at 3:30 P. M. will be the first Communion of the year. We are asking every member of the Church to be present. New officers of the Sunday School will be elected on next Friday night. Miss Viola Johnson is reported as steadily improving at Piedmont Sanitarium. We urge members to attend what other sick there are in the community. WYTHEVILLE NEWS. Rev. W. W. Ward filled his pupil Sunday morning at Franklin Street M. E. Church. His text was first John fifth and sixth verses. "Promises on the New Year." Rev. Isaac Ewer the P. E. filled the Bethel A. M. E Church pulpit in an acceptable manner, all day Sunday. The Quarterly Conference of the A. M. E. Church was quite a success. Reports submitted were splendid. The Flu prevented services at Baptist church Sunday. Mr. Homer Hairston after spending a few days in Bristol visiting his mother and sister and his many friends, returned home Sunday. Rev. Lee Scott of Ivanhoe was a business visitor in town Monday. Mrs. Jenie Monroe had for her Sunday dinner guest, Mr. W. H. Steptea and Rev. and Mrs. T. W. Hebron and sons, R. A. and T. W. Jr. The Mock Annual Conference of Beth el A. M. E. Church will convene sometime in February. Mr. John O. Stepteau left for Gilliam W. Va., Saturday. Mr. Thad Hill of Graham, is visiting friends in Wytheville this week. Misses Carrie Cook and Jaunita Hunter returned from Pulaski this week. Mrs. Bessie Dylie and children turned after spending two weeks in Abingdon, Va., visiting her mother Mrs. Emma Austin. Mrs. Ellin Brown, wishes to thank her many friends for their kindness thru the sickness and death of her loved husband Mr. Alexander Brown. Mr. W. V. Gibson left Tuesday for a short visit to Glade Springs and Bristol. Mr. W. R. Gibson, Sr., is much improved. Mrs. Harriet Williams is visiting her sister in Bluefield, W. Va. Those who wish to renew or subscribe to The PLANET let us know. The annual banquet of the Court of Calanthe was a decided success. To read The PLANET means that you are interested in the many problems that confront us. Mr. Clarence Sheffy will give entertainment on January 25th at his home in W. Wytheville for the benefit of the Mock A. M. E. Conference. Miss Dicia Thompson of Pikeville, Ky., is visiting her mother Mrs. Ellen Thompson. All is over, but let us have the singing contest again. What say you Robt. We trust that the move to organize our forces in Wytheville may soon be consummated. How about it Bro. John son? FIRST MT. OLIVE NOTES Newtown, Va., Jan. 9.—Messrs. Joseph Wright and George E. Hill, left for Sparrows Point a few days ago, Mrs. Mollie Hill and daughter, Miss Susie have returned to Baltimore. Misses Rosa Hill, Lillie Pollard, Susie Wright, Lucy Wright, Mrs. Susie Robinson and Mr. Douglas Harvey returned from Philadelphia last Sunday. Mr. George Nelson and family are moving into Indian Neck neighborhood. Mrs. J. R. Ruffin has been on the sick list for several days. Mr. Thomas Broadus left for Washington last Sunday. Mr. Thomas Harvey has been indisposed for the past few days. Mr. Andrew Pollard and Miss Lilian Carter left for Philadelphia a few days ago. Remember the Sunday school and preaching services at Mt. Olive Sundays. You are invited. CHICAGO NEWS. Fort Dearborn Lodge No. 44, L.B.P. O.E., of W., of which Col. John R. Marshall is Exalted Ruler, held great emancipation exercises on Sunday evening. December 31st at the Metropolitan Community Center at which adresses were made by the Exalted Rul THE RICHMOND PLANET. RICHMOND. VIRGINIA PATIENTLY WAITING. Yes, the owners of the Mechanics Savings Bank, representing approximately three hundred individuals, the depositors, representing about three thousand, not including the holders of Christmas Savings Club Cards, the white and colored people of this city, who are vitally interested in retaining the confidence of the colored people of this community and the good opinion of the white and colored people of the United States, are waiting. They all want to know the approximate amount of the assets to re-open the Mechanics Savings Bank. The amount is stated in the following extract from the decree signed by the able Judge of the Richmond Chancery Court- But how much more is needed? The Receivers assert that they cannot determine this amount until all the pass-books of the depositors have been turned in and balanced. To meet this condition the depositors, in meeting assembled, by unanimous vote, decided to share in any liability in excess of the amount already ascertained. This relieves the situation and enables the Receivers to strike a balance and submit the same to the Court with such a recommendation as may, in their judgment be fair to the people whom they represent. This then will necessarily end the delay as the Receivers have been unofficially reported to be in favor of re-opening the Bank and willing to do all in their power to help the colored people of this community. The issue is plain. Personal feeling and animosities should not figure in this matter. Let us re-open the Mechanics Savings Bank in order that those depositors who are urgently in need of some of their money may be able to get it and those who wish to deposit their savings may be permitted so to do. The depositors stand pledged not to make any run on the Bank Other issues and conditions can be met as they are presented The primary purpose at this time is to do business again. Let us ascertain the approximate amount of liability, put up the assets necessary and with the aid and support of the good white people and the self-sacrificing colored ones, backed by an abiding faith in the Almighty God. let us re-open the Bank. --- er, Hon. Oscar De Priest, Hon. Adelbert H. Roberts, state representative of Illinois; Atty. L. A. Newby, Dr. W. D. Cook, Muj. N. Clark Smith as well as others. The lodge was the guest on New Year's day of Hon. Oscar De Priest at Unity Club House, 3140 Indiana Avenue where dinner was served to about three thousand persons from 12 to 6 and twenty gallons of punched donut to Provident Hospital and the Old Folks Home. The first anniversary exercises of Queen Vashti Temple No. 104 S. M. T. of which Mrs. Ida Simmons is Worthy Princess was held on January 1st at Entertainer's Hall. At the close of a very interesting program, officers for the ensuing year were installed by the District Deputy and a turkey dinner together with punch, ice cream and cake was served free to all present. The Virginia Society with M. T. Bailey as president and J. B. Street vice-president met in their final meeting for the year at Bailey's Hall 3639 State street, on December 30th at which time a literary and musical program was rendered. Among those taking part were Mrs. Johnnie H. M. Pherson and Mrs. R. A. Jackson; Little Misses Geraldine McCaw and Gladys Wingate; Masters Robert Shaw, James Williams and Odell D. R. Daule Each Virginian pledged himself and herself to do more for the Society during the New Year. Mrs. Mary Freeman of 5244 S. State street, was hostess at a dinner served at her residence on Sunday afternoon. December 21st to twenty-five friends in honor of several visiting Virginians to the city during the holidays. Among the guest were Rev. and Mrs. J. R. Harvey, Miss Helen Wright, Mr. and Mrs. R. J. Sowell, Mr. and Mrs. S. R. Franstolt, Mr. and Mrs. M. Harding, M. T. Bailey, Mr. A. Glass, Mr. and Mrs. H. Williams, Mr. and Mrs. J. White, Mrs. Laura Guite, Mr. and Mrs. Dotson, Mr. and Mrs. Plummer, Mr. D. Artist, Mr. C. Jackson, Mr. and Mrs. Burbridge; Mr. A. Daniels, Mr. and Mrs. R. L. Allen, Mrs. T. Gross, Mr. and Mrs. A. Jackson and Mrs. A Snow. M. T. Bailey, president of the Bailey Realty Company and General Manager "And it being represented to the Court that the closing of said bank by the plaintiff was because of the presence in its assets of obligations of the Bonded Realty Company, Inc., amounting to the sum of $83,500.00, which are not secured to the satisfaction of the plaintiff and it being further represented to the Court that there is a reasonable prospect of the defendant being able, within a short time, of satisfying the plaintiff as to said obligations of the Bonded Realty Company, Inc., and as to the entire solvency of said bank, it is further ordered that said receivers be authorized and instructed to report to the Court, at the earliest possible date, together with a statement of the assets and liabilities of said bank, such offers and plans as may be submitted to them by the defendants, or others on its behalf, with a view of satisfying the requirements of the plaintiff and effecting a prompt discharge of said receivers, and the return of the assets of said Mechanics' Savings Bank, of Richmond, Va. to its proper authorities." of the Milton Mercantile Agency, 3632 S. State street who during the past year has done so much in assisting members of the race to find suitable homes in the suburbs of the city and who have served hundreds of clients throughout the United States and many foreign countries, sends best wishes for them during the holidays and wishes for them much success during the new year. NATIONAL IDEAL NOTES. The New Year dawned bright for the National Ideal Benefit Society, Mr. A. W. Holmes, Supreme Master returned from Philadelphia the latter part o. December; while there several great meetings were held and many new members added to the Order. The Executive Committee met on January 3rd with every member present. Reports made by the Supreme Master, Supreme Secretary and Deputies were very inspiring. Mrs. M. E. Overton organized a spendid lodge with 27 members in Charles City, Co., during the Christmas holidays. Mr. George Arvin our hustling western Deputy, also organized a lodge at Pittsburgh, Pa., on January 1st. Several deputies have clubs which will soon be organized, among them are Mrs. Fannie V. Robinson and J. R. Hicks. Richmond District Council's last meeting was as usual, largely attended. The Membership Campaign will close at the First Baptist Church Monday night January 29th, at 8 o'clock P. M., at which time officers of all of the lodges of Richmond for the ensuing term will be installed. The public is invited. HON. C. M. WHITE COMING. Hon. C. M. White, of Denver, Col. and Commander-in-Chief of the Great American Woodmen is to be in Richmond. February 8. Arrangements being made for Mr. White to speak at Fifth Street Baptist Church on that date. He is recognized as being the foremost fraternist of the race in that he heads a million dollar fraternal order. Please find enclosed ($2.00) Two Dollars for one year's subscription to The Planet, to be sent to M I am in the contest for the "What's Wrong" Picture Puzzle Rewards. --- THE PLANET, 311 N. 4th St., Richmond, Va. (National Headquarters) Intellectual. Social and Protective Benefits. Initiation Fee, $1. Monthly Lines, 25 cents. Writers and Speakers Wanted. Good proposition for live wire Organizers. Organize a Post in your community. Sokols and Educational Groups. FIVE ```markdown ``` JOHN MITCHELL. JR. 1922 ADDRESS A. D. PRICE. 212 EAST LEIGH STREET FUNERAL DIRECTOR, EMBALMER 'AND LIVERYMAN All Orders Promptly Filled at Short Notice by Telegraph on Telephone. Halls Rented for Meetings and Nice Entertainment. Plenty of Room with all Necessary Conveniences. Large Picnic or Band Wagons for Hire at Reasonable Rates and nothing but First-class 'Automobiles and Carriages, Etc. Keep Constantly on Hand Fine Funeral Supplies. Open All Day and Night. PHONE MADISON 577—Man On Duty All Night—RICHMOND, VA (RESIDENCE NEXT DOOR) NEGROES WERE THE REAL DISCOVERERS OF AMERICA AND THE FIRST SETTLERS ON THIS CONTINENT; THE INDIANS BEING DESCENDANTS OF THIS PREHISTORIC NEGROID STOCK, SAYS A NOTED SCIENTIST. REVIVAL OF MEDIEVAL TORTURE RACK IS SEEN IN KU KLUX KLAN'S RECENT DISPLAY OF BARBARISM IN MER ROUGE LOUISIANA. HOODED KNIGHTS FARE FORTH WITH MECHANICAL DEVICE DESIGNED TO CRUSH BONES OF VICTIMS AND CAUSE INDESCRIBABLE AGONY BEFORE DEATH RELIEVES CAPTIVES OF MISERY. SIX DR. DIXON STARTLES U. S. SCIENTISTS DR. DIXON STARTLES U. S. SCIENTISTS Paper Read Before Natl Association for Advancement of Science. SOME WISH TO IGNORE IT Cambridge, Mass., Dec. 29.—A new method of exploiting atoms, and thus transmuting or disintegrating elements; a new theory of the origin of the American Indians which puta Negroes or negroid types among their ancestors and the latest researchers into mysteries of life itself were among the contributions which were laid today before the American Association for the Advancement of Science, which practically concluded its sessions. Dr. Louis Bell told of breaking carbon atoms up into helium by the use of high voltages. Dr. Roland B. Dixon of Harvard said that a study of the earliest Indian skulls indicated that some were descended from blacks or negrouts, others from primitive Australian stock, others from whites resembling the Nordics and others from Mongol or Turkish strains, all of whom crossed the Bering Straits in prehistoric time. The most recent approaches which have been made to the solution of the riddle of life itself, the processes by which protoplasm makes living individuals, were described by Dr. Eumund B. Wilson, D. A., Costa Professor of Zoology at Columbia University Bastrop, La., Jan. 6.—W. C. Andrews and J. L. Daniel, two of the fiveteen kidnapped by the black-hooded band which slew Watt Daniel and Thomas Richards, today told a graphic story of their treatment when the second day's hearing into the Mer Rouge outrage began. Neither Andrews nor Daniel, father of Watt Daniel could reveal the identity of a single member of the masked band; which they said numbered from fifteen to twenty-five. Andrews now ever said that while he did not accuse the Ku Klux Klan as a whole he believed that the men who maltreated him were klansmen. Dr. B. M. McKoin who is accused of being one of the band of kidnappers whippers, torturers, and slayers, was a spectator in the gallery of the courtroom, and while his name was repeatedly mentioned in the testimony, he never changed his calm poise. He did not appear gravely concerned. While he is free from custody on bail, the murder charge still hangs over him. PATHOLOGISTS TELLL OF TORTURE Dr. Charles W. Duvall and Dr. John Lansford. State pathologists who made autopsies on the bodies of Daniel and Richards were among the first witnesses called at the morning session. Dr. Duvall stated his positive conviction that the murdered men were tortured by some especially prepared mechanical device before they were finally put to death and that this instrument must have been a device that fitted a human body with auxiliary devices, after the fashion of mangers; that pressed down and crushed the shoulders, arms and legs of the victim in vital spots. In this manner, the pathologist testified, the murderers in flicted a slow torture on their victims, he was unwilling to offer an opinion as to how long the torture lasted before death finally came to free Daniel and Richards of their agony. Both Dr. Duvall and Dr. Lantford stated positively that the explosion on dynamite in Lake La. Fourche which brought the bodies to the surface could not have dismembered them and that the absence of heads, arms and feet was due to atrocities for which medical legal history according to Dr. Duvall, held no parallel. Prior to the opening of the morning session a conference was held in his office by Judge Odom with Attorney-General Coco and his aids. Federal agents and Adj. Gen. Toomba representing the military at which it was decided that martial law would not be proclaimed in Bastrop at least for the present. Dr. Duvall testified that he was Pro professor of Pathology at Tulane University and had been there thirteen years, had spent six years in the same work at Louisiana State University and had obtained his medical degree at the University of Pennsylvania. "I have made more than 6,000 autopsies or post mortem examinations," he said in reply to a question as to his experience in conducting autopsies. 'The courtroom was deadly quiet as Many other important and interesting contributions to science were made at a score of sessions during the day. Dr. Dixon's paper, in which he declared that negroid groups which crossed the Bering Straits were among the American Indians' ancestors, cause a great stir in the anthropology section. From his statements, negroid peoples would appear to have been the first discoverers of America. Others who crossed the Bering Straits thousands of years ago to become the ancestors of the American Indian were people of white stock related to the so-called Caucasian group, according to Dr. Dixon. Turkish tribes and other Mongolians and the black Australians blended in various proportions, formed the different races of American Indians. Many tribes, in the opinion of the speaker, were largely negroid in early times, but underwent transformation by mixing with other tribes, and since the discovery of America by the in fusion of white blood. ASSERTIONS ARE BASED ON SKULL MEASUREMENTS. The earliest skulls of the Iroquois and some other Indians show strong negrid features, continually modified from age to age as the Iroquois extend ed their power and territory, taking captives from other tribes and absorbing them. The whole theory is based on the minute measurements of tens of thousands of skulls. The different types of man in the old stone age, according to this theory, differed very sharply in the shape of their skulls. The middle type, combining the characteristics of the long heads and the broad heads, was probably rare in early times and was formed by the blending of sharply differentiated ancient types, according to Dr. Dixon. His method was to measure thousands of Indian skulls of the present day and thousands of years ago in the effort to trace their characteristics to earlier Asiatic and European stock. The formation of the nasal bones played a prominent part in the inquiry. Dr. Dixn who is a scientist of high the pathologist told of conducting the autopsy over the headless forms of Daniel and Richards. J. L. Daniel, the father, listened with his chin in his hands. HANDS AND FEET CHOPPED OF After testifying that wires were found bound about the body of Daniel, forming a crude basket, Dr. Duvall continued: "I would say that the hands and feet had been chopped or smashed off. The bones at these extremities were jagged and protruding. In the body we found striking injuries, especially to the long bones in the arms and legs. Each of the twelve bones of the arms and legs were broken in three places. At the lower, middle and upper palms." "We found that the thighs had the same sort of fractures at the upper, middle and lower parts. "These breaks were always three in number and were equidistant from one another. The breaks were very striking because of the marked similarity. There is very good evidence these bones were fractured before death. We found also that the bones of the chest were fractured in a peculiar manner. The chest plate was fractured and crushed in and from the character of the fracture we deduced that the force that caused them came from more than one direction, that one or more forces were exerted upon opposite directions." Dr. Duvall said the internal organs were easily recognized, but apparently were uninjured. Other organs were gone and the indications were that they were removed with a sharp instrument. "Was the cutting done before or after death?" Attorney General Coco asked. "It was our opinion." Dr. Duvall said, "that the organs were removed before death. The alterations found could not have been done after death. There was evidence that much blood had flown." Describing the injuries about the head he said: "We found it to be merely loose skin and a few bones. The brains were gone. The head had been crushed by forces coming from more than one direction, in our opinion." he added. The nature of the head wounds suggested crushing rather than browns, and probably a device was used. He expressed the opinion that any one of the injuries in itself could have caused death. In the removal of certain organs, for instance, the victim would have bled to death. "Were these injuries inflicted simultaneously or at different times?" the Attorney General asked. "That would depend upon whether the men were tortured," was the reply. "Turtured." exclaimed the Attorney General. "What is your opinion on that?" "I believe the men were most innu manly tortured." BONES OF VICTIMS EXHIBITED In describing the body of Richards. THE RICHMOND PLANET, RICHMOND, VIRGINIA standing, had hardly finished his paper before two noted anthropologists, Professor Franz Boaz of Columbia University and Dr. Ales Hrdlicka of the United States National Museum at Washington, were on their feet to oppose him, denying that such far-reaching conclusions could be adduced on the basis of skull measurements, though hailing the paper as an import contribution to anthropology. After explaining his method of tracing racial genealogies, Dr. Dixon continued as follows: "For Europe, Asia and Africa, the outcome was, in general, in close cord with the best conclusions reached by other students, although in some instances the results were decidedly novel. It was in the new world, however that the method led to conclusions most at variance with accepted doctrine and which may perhaps be described as revolutionary. It is therefore of these conclusions that I wish to speak briefly. "The current orthodox theory in regard to the aboriginal inhabitants of the American continents seems to be that they constitute a single race, allied most closely to the people ordinarily grouped together as Mongoloid and that they were derived originally from the Asiatic continent." BERING STRAITS MIGRATIONS Dr. Dixon asserted, however, that his investigation indicated a series of migrations across the Bering Strait. The variations of Indian types, which had been regarded as random varieties formed a distinct pattern and indicated something about the history of the different types, according to the speaker, who said: "They show a striking arrangement analogous to that found in Europe to Asia, in that some are relegated to extreme marginal positions or refuge areas, as if they were the surviving remnants of ancient groups, while others occupy central positions such as befit more recent and dominant types. Historically also, the several types show a definite and orderly sequence, repeated in both North and South America. On this basis, I believe we Dr. Duvall said the head was crushed, and the hands and feet were missing. It was without clothing and was bound with wire forming a basket similar to the one enclosing the body of Daniel. There was more evidence of decomposition than in the body of Daniel. There were also indications of a terrible loss of blood. "We found the fractures in the bones of Richards almost identical with those of Daniels," said the pathologist. "The breaks were three in number in each member and were also the same distance apart. Richard's spine, however, was not dislocated or broken. In Richard's chest bones the injuries were the same as those of Daniel. The rips instead of being fractured, were separated from the breast plate. The bone injuries of both men were produced by the same method." "What kind of a device was used, in your opinion?" the Attorney General asked. "Do you think the arms were outstretched at their sides and the device applied to break the bones?" "That may have been true," was the reply. "The injuries were crushing and I am inclined to believe that such a device may have been used. In injuries of that sort death is not produced by loss of blood or hemorrhage, but it may be produced by shock." The bones of Daniel were then exhibited attached to a white cardboard. Dr Duvall pointed out the left and right thigh bones, explaining the fractures. The breaks in the other bones were so pointed out. The knee bones, in a box, were next exhibited, and the bones removed from the body of Richards, these being attached to a cardboard. The pathologist pointed out three breaks in the leg bone of Richards and also the triple fracture in the arm bone. "Could dynamite have had the effects you have described in these two bodies?" the witness was asked. "No, dynamite could not have brought out the regularity in the fractures. Dynamite would also have affected sections of the body that have escaped injury. Dynamite, according to all conditions, did not cause these in juries." THINKS TORTURE DEVICE SPECIALLY MADE Dr. Lanford was the first witness at the afternoon session, being examined by Senator Warren. Special Prosecutor Dr. Lanford said he had made 500 autopsies. He corroborated in a detailed way, the testimony offered by Dr. Duvall at the morning session, particularly with regard to conditions which indicated that Daniel and Richardas had been subjected to slow torture be fore they died. Dr. Lanford said the character of the injuries convinced him that the wounds were not due to blows, but to a continuous force, a steady crushing force from more than one direction. The lacerations of muscles and the condition of the blood, indicated that the torture was inflicted just immediately before death. There was evidence also, may assume that the aboriginal population of America at the period of the earliest European contact was the result of the blending of a series of different racial types coming into the North American continent at different periods across Bering Straits from Asia. After giving a technical description of one type of Indian skull found in different parts of the geographical pattern, the speaker continued: "In both continents thus this type is clearly an ancient one, as shown both by archaeological evidence and geographical distribution. The affiliation which is suggested for this type will, I know, meet with incredulity and strong opposition, for on the basis of the method followed its nearest relatives are to be found in the negroid and australoid populations of Melanesia, Australia and portions of Southern Asia. "By this I do not mean to imply," however, that it means a trans-Pacific drift from Melanesia to American shores, but rather that it reached the new world at an early date by way of the Eastern Anisal coast and the Bering Straits. While at the present day there is not much superficial evidence of negrout and australoid peoples in Eastern Asia, there are. I believe, indications that peoples blended of them once extended all along these shores. In neolithic times such types were present in Cambodia and Tonkin and some of the wild tribes of Indo-China still show unmistakable evidences of their survival there. For China the data are as yet too meagre to be of much value, although traces of the type seem to be found. In the Ainu of Japan, and especially of Sakhalen, the evidence of its persistence is unmistakable; moreover, certain supposedly ancient crania from the Aleutian Islands afford still another link. HOPEFUL OF SUBSTANTIATION. "If one follows this type geographically from Southern India, for example, east and north along the Asiatic coast to the American areas in which it occurs, a progressive weakening in the superficial negroid characteristics may be observed, the mint he said that both victims had lost great quantities of blood before death came. Dr. Lanford agreed with Dr. Duvall that dynamite could not have caused the injuries. "Do you think it was possible to have inflicted these tortures without a specially constructed device for inflict ins, human torture and suffering?" Dr. Guion, Assistant Attorney & General arked. "I do not," said Dr. Lanford. "I can not conceive of this thing having been done by anything other than an instrument specially constructed." VICTIM TELLS OF WHIPPINGS The next witness called was W. C. Andrews, one of the three men who were kidnapped by the masked band with Daniel and Richards. Andrews was born and raised in Mer Rouge and is a farmer less than one mile outside the town. He told the court of going to the barbecue in Bastrop on August 24 taking with him J. T. Nordworthy, and the two drove back along the Mer Rouge Road. "About a mile from Bastrop," he said, "we were held up. A bunch of men with black hoods on, booked to me like there were about fifteen or twenty, came rushing up. One held a gun to me, and told me to get out and tied my hands and walked me about fifty feet." "Did you recognize any of them?" the Attorney General asked. "They led me over beside J. L. Daniel" Andrews went on. "They had him too. 'We want some others, too. I heard them say. Then they got Richards and brought him over. Is that you? he said to me. I told him it was. Then Daniel was brought over. He sat down and they pulled him to his feet. "Wait a minute, Buddy, don't be so fast. Watt said. They took me away. I asked them what they were going to do with me, but they would not answer. We all walked down the road and they put me in a car. We came back to Bastrop." "How did you know where you were going, if you were blindfolded?" asked the Attorney General. "I could smell the odor of the pulp mill." Andrews replied. "We drove quite a ways," he continued. "the car stopped and they asked me what I knew about the attempted assassination of McKoin. I told them I didn't know anything about it and told them I was not in town that night. Then they pulled ooc my trusers and threw me down on the ground, then they whipped me. The next thing I remembered they were beating old man Daniels. I could hear him yelling. Then they came back to me. They told me if I wouldn't tell them about shooting at Dr. McKoin they were going to hang me. I replied I did not have anything to tell, and they put me back in the car. They asked me if I had recognized any one of the party, and I said I hadn't. "It's mighty good for you that you did not, they said, 'now go on back home.'" mum pigmentation growing lighter, the hair straighter, the face less prognathous and certain well-recognized negroid characteristics of the skull, such as the nasal fossae, become more and more attenuated, until they almost wholly disappear. "Absurd as the suggestion appears at first sight, I believe that with fuller archaeological material from America and Eastern Asia, the fact of a very early negroid-unstaloid stratum will be fully substantiated." The prehistoric whites came first according to this theory. The preistoric blacks came later and pushed the whites to the wall or to the outer limits of the continent. "In North America," the speaker continued, "this type is thus mainly represented among the Eskimo of the whole northern and northeastern margin of the Continent of Greenland, in South America among the living and extinct tribes of the extreme south and southeast. Of all types it occupies the remotest margins, as though it were of all forms the oldest in the New World. After a technical description of the skulls of this type, the speaker continued: "Its relationships lie with that group which forms the basis of what is commonly called the Nordic race, but whose representatives in Central and Eastern Asia lack the exceptional blondness which marks the Baltic branch. Lest you dismiss with incredulity, or worse, this suggestion that what may be called Caucasic elements are traceable in the New World, may I remind you that crania indistinguishable from the typical Nordic rehengraber skulls from Germany are characteristic of the early bronze-age Kurans of Minusinsk on the upper Yensel in Central Southern Siberia; that apparently similar dolicho-cephalic crania of supposedly neolithic age have been found in the Trans-Baikal and others of definitely neolithic date in Japan; that further, in the living population of parts of China, individuals of this same type apparently, with brown hair and hazel eyes, are not in frequent. "It is my belief that this type, which had its proximate area of dispersal in the Eurasian steppes, spread very Andrews said he was then released and the blindfold was taken from his eyes. "Walk down the road and don't look back." he said the hooded men ordered and he obeyed. "How many men did you see?" the Attorney General asked. "I am not sure, about fifteen or twenty. I should say." "Were they all hooded?" "Their faces were covered; black covering over their faces." "Were these black coverings like the klan hoods?" "No, some of them were hats—they were black masks that covered part of their faces." BELIEVES KIDNAPPERS MIDWESTERS WERE KLANSMEN Andrews was asked whether he saw any automobiles parked on roadway when he was first stopped. He said he saw only an automobile truck. He was asked if he knew who held him up and beat him. "I don't know who the men were, but I believe they were members of the Ku Klin Klan. I don't accuse the klan as a whole, but I believe the mob was composed of klansmen." The witness said the hoods came down to the neck only. If he knew the identity of the persons who kidnapped and beat him he would reveal the names, he declared. "Has any one," asked the Attorney General, "other than an intimate friend or members of your family, assed you whether you knew who was in the mob?" "Well, every one has asked me." "Did any one that you suspected of being in the mob ask you?" "Yes." Describing the return journey from Collingston, the witness said he was in a touring car with U. L. Daniel, whom he recognized by his voice. Danl'kept asking for water, but the kidnappers refused it. Andrews thought he was being taken to his death. He was in bed two days after the whipping. "They must have given me about forty lashes," he said. He denied he had had any trouble with Dr. McKoin. He denied also that he was a member of the klan ELDER DANIEL DESCRIBES J. L. Daniel, father of the slain war veteran, was the next witness. He told how he and his son left home on the morning of the Bastrop barbecue and came to attend some business at the county seat. They separated. "That was the last I saw of Watt alive," he said. "I went home at noon and came back to Bastrop with 'Dad Peterson, to see the evening ball game. Coming back after the game my car was the first to be held up, I saw 'touring car in the road ahead, and Peterson said: ""Some body is in trouble up there." I stopped the car. After we stopped men sprang on either side of our car." early eastward toward Bering Straits and so made its way into America. Here, later, immigrants gradually forced this oldest stratum of population further and further back, until in both continents it was relegated to the uttermost marginal districts. INDIAN NOT A SINGLE RACE "In brief, the theory here proposed would regard the American Indian as not a single race, but as a complex of four main racial elements coming into the continent at different periods. The two earliest of these survived in any degree of purity only along the continental periphery, while the fourth and latest corner formed the dominant element in the great majority of the historic population. "The current theory which regards the Indian as a unit type derives this from the northeastern portion of the Asiatic continent, but it neglects to take into account the fact that although the present majority type in that region does strongly resemble that dominant in the American contents in historic times, there is much evidence to lead us to believe that at the time when the earliest migrations across Bering Straits occurred, the racial characteristics of the people then in occupation of Northeastern Asia were radically different. So that, if the people of that period came from America, they would have brought a very different type from that found among the majority of the American Indians at the time of the discovery "For Europe, and particularly Western Europe, we possess a vast mass of evidence indicating the successive appearance and spread of several drifts of people of varied type for malaecithic down to medieval times. For Africa and Asia, the archaeological and historic data prove the same although the materials are as yet too meagre in general to make the record as clear as it is in Europe. Why, then, if in all the rest of the world we know that the living people's have a complex, often a very complex, history, should we deny that similar processes occurred in America? "To one approaching the question of the racial history of man without "How many were there in the crowd?" he was asked. "About twenty, maybe twenty-five. They wore black hoods. One man pointed at me and said! 'Here's one we want. He put a gun on me, a.45, I think. They told me to get out of my car. I got out and the blindfolded me with a red bandana handkerchief. I was then led by two men to about twenty five feet beyond the road and told to sit down. A little while later they brought Andrews and sat him down near me. I recognized him by his voice. 'My granddaughter, 15 years old, I knew was in a car behind us when we started and I heard my granddaughter's voice saying, 'Poor Watt, poor Watt.' We sat for quite a time, and then Andrews and I were led off and loaded in to a car. Andrews was the only man I knew had been caught until I was released at Collingston." "What happened after they put you and Andrews in the car?" asked the Attorney General. "We were driven back toward Bastrop for about an hour. Then they took us out of the car and we were led to a spot in the pine woods about thirty yards from the road. They told us we knew who had to assassinate Dr. McKoin and that if we didn't tell they would kill us." "How many were talking to you?" "About three. I told them I didn't know who tried to assassinate McKoin. After that they took my pants down and whipped me with a leather strap. After they got through with me they helped me up and started on Andrews. They whipped Andrews more than they did me. They beat him severely." "Andrews and I were put back in the car after we were whipped and driven to Collingston. There they took off the blindfold and untied our wrists and we were told to go home. We were put out right behind the depot at Collington. The man who put us out at Collington still wore his mask." The elder Daniel said that the mask ed man nearest to him was fully six feet tall. Beyond that he could give no description of his assailants, and had no suspicions as to who the members of the mob could have been. MCKOIN LAUGHS AT BEREAVED FATHER Senator Warren asked Daniel about the shots supposed to have been fired at Dr. McKoin. "I told Watt I was going to McKoin and talk to him about the shooting," the witness replied. "A few days before Watt and a couple of other young men ran into a bunch of hooded men who held up some boys. Watt came home and told me about it. That was before the shooting. I thought it was my duty, we being fellow Masons, to go to Dr. McKoin and talk over the matter. He told me he was not a ka.s man." Dr. McKoin sitting in the gallery, seemed to find a great deal of humor in Daniel's testimony. He laughed up roariously when Daniel repeated their conversation. Excavations Under Indian Mounds in the West to Be Continued. EVIDENCE IS CONCLUSIVE blias it seems as if all those students who have dealt with the problem of the origin of the Indian regarded America as indeed a new world, as expt from the experiences of the old, and as one in which the laws, the principles and conclusions which were valid there did not apply. In America we find basket makers' crania, almost certainly some thousands of years old, to be characteristically of one type, while those of a later population are equally clearly of another. Current orthodox opinion declares the latter to be a mere normal variant of the former and without significance as proving any succession of racial types. Yet these differences are precisely the same, both in character and degree as those which we find between the long barrow and round barrow crania in England." After looking forward to much opposition to his hypothesis, the speaker continued: "The solution here offered may be largely altered in details, but its fundamental thesis that the aboriginal peoples of America are not of one race but a complex of many, will, I feel sure, be sustained." (The foregoing article is culled from the N. Y. 'Times' account of the sessions of the National Association for the Advancement of Science.) D CRUSH TIVES OF MISERY. "A little after that talk," Daniel continued, "Watt came to me and told me he'd been held up. Dr. McKoin, Laurie Calhoun and another man were in the party." Calhoun is a Deputy Sheriff of More house Parish and went to Baltimore after Dr. McKoin. That was the first time Watt was held up, Daniel said. He was then searched and a box of cartridges was taken from him. Judge Odom broke into the testis, mony at this juncture to adjourn court. He announced that the hearing would not be resumed until Tuesday. Monday being a legal holiday. Attorney General Coco, tonight said that he was well satisfied with the progress made so far. "We'll get the men who wore the black masks," said the Attorney General. "Jeff" Burnett accused with Dr. McKoin of being one of the slayers, to day iay ill on his steel cot in the Parisu jail. THINKS TORTURE MACHINE WAS PRESS Dr. Duval, after the hearing had adjourned, was asked his opinion as to the machine that had been used to torture Daniels and Richards. "It was some kind of a press that gave force from each side," he said. "It could not have been flat on the order of a letter press, as some of the old torture instruments of the barbaric ages were. The peculiar manner in which the bones were broken with almost mathematical precision showed that." He said the torture rack could have had a shape somewhat similar to that of a human body. It could have been a large, body-shaped box, with teeth on the inside which came in contact with the arms, legs and chest. "The evident torture to these two men is beyond believing," the pathologist said. There is nothing in technical torture to compare with it." Colored Man Kidnapped and Killed by Masked Band of Men in Louisiana Shreveport, La., Jan. 4.—Leslie Legett, a Negro or Spaniard, was lynched either last night or early today by a party of men who kidnapped him. His body was found today in the southern part of the city riddled with bullets. Legett was seized at a garage and placed in an automobile by his rive white abductors and spirited away. Police Chief Bazer said complaints had been received that Legett was associating with white women. Police have been "shadowing" him but had failed to obtain enough evidence to warrant his arrest. The police said Legett was a Negro, but Charles Papa, white grocer for whom he worked, and in whose house he roomed, said he was a Spaniard. THE RICHMOND PLANET. RICHMOND. Vrramra ia eee ee We Do All Kinds of Job Printing | We Print Cards, Envelopes, Writing Paper, Bills, | Placards, Posters, Minutes, Tags, Books, Pam- phlets, Folders, Wedding Invitations, Financial | Books, Rule and Figure Work and Newspapers. We Furnish Estimates and Serve the Public Promptly. Call and See us when in need of any work in our line. We carry a large stock and we are prepared to do all work promptly. ‘urnish Estimates and Serve the Public | Give us your patronage. We would appreciate it. ptly. Call and See us when in need of any | Call us up over phone, Randolph 2213. in our line. We carry a large stock and we | Out-of-town Orders Promptly Executed. repared to do all work promptly. | Workmanship and Quality Materials Guaranteed. JOHN MITCHELL, JR., 311 N. 4th St., Richmond, Va. We Print Any and Everything *‘Print-able”’ PEOCEOSOCMOG OOS OOODY PREECE PECS OULD ORR OVI COOL OG SODOL EP LOCA OCDLOO DODO EAL OLY POYOE DOPOD pol loop pletote 3 ae. ne pee oe ihe a ae ee ee) oe oo a. eae a a ue ee ay ee be ti a oo oe oo os oe aa pia ae ae aa coe ee Poe: we os co es oo co ee a oe oe ae ote Piped Eat ta ae ee ROE es a Men a ee : te i 2 e i a oe oe f oe a me a as ae eee eee Re a ache a any x Pe bee ak AG) co i a 8 me is ee : oo es er ee ae i 7. a oo. oe re 8 oe een Ae en a Se Fa oo Ae oo e ss DAMON RUNYON SAYS WILLS AND OTHER COLORED FIGHTERS ARE VICTIMS OF NEW YORK IN THE BAN ON MIXED FIGHTS. ```markdown ``` EIGHT (Damon Runyon in N. Y. American) Harry Wills, a giant black man who thinks he can beat Jack Dempsey, was used as a pawn in the political game by the Republican State administration; working its boxing commission. To gain votes from among the colored people the commission said Dempsey must fight Wills. That suited Dempsey. It meant much money for him. He signed articles for the bout at once. Then Dempsey, and Dempsey's manager, Jack Kearns were told to forget the match for awhile. The Republican administration did not wish to give re-formers a target the size of a black and white prize fight with a campaign on. Dempsey and Kearns, could have made the commission with its order look very foolish, indeed, had they insisted on the bout being put on at once. They were good little boys. They "lay dead." Now the new Governor Smith is said to be willing that the bout be held. As long as boxing is legalized in New York State Governor Smith must permit the bout, if it is held in accordance with the law and the rules of the Boxing Commission. There is nothing in the law that says a black man shall not meet a white man. The only way the bout can be prevented is by repeal of the boxing law. It is better that the law be repealed, that there be no boxing whatever, than to permit the rank discrimination against the colored men that has gone on during the Republican administration. Pilipinoes, Greeks, Argentinians, Chin amen, Mexicans, Portuguese; members of every race have been permitted to appear in bouts in New York State. The American Negro has been denied the same privilege, save in minor instances, a mere sop to the colored people. You may be one of those who think ALL bouts should be prohibited. But you must in fairness concede that if any bouts are permitted they should be on the basis of a falk deal to all. JOHNSON C. SMITH UNIVERSITY HAS FAST BASKETBALL TEAM. (By A. H. Prince.) J. C. S. U., Charlotte, N. C., has a fine prospect for a fine basketball team this season, having all of the varsity players of last term except Brown and Williamson we feel that J. C. S. U., shall be the winner of every single game this term. Several aspirants are showing excellent ability on the court in practice and the assurance is that the vacancies will be easily filled. Manager Pope has a well proposed schedule out for the term, and hopes that each successive game may serve to visualize the glory of the splendid record of J. C. S. U., in the past. The present schedule calls on J. C. S. U., court during the month of January Lutheran College, Greensboro; and J. C. S. U. old rival, Livingstone College, Salisbury. February also calls here A. and T. College, Greensboro and the champions of the South. More house College Atlanta, Ga. Then J. C. S. U., will take a flying trip to Living stone College, Salisbury; A. and T. College, Greensboro; and V. T. Seminary, Lynchburg, Va., and other points not yet definitely planned. FOOTBALL RESUME E. B. Henderson, Physical Director, Dunbar High School, Washington, D. C. gives a splendid resume of the 1922 football season in the January Crisis that is concise and accurate. He says: The best trained teams of all colored players met in combat with the eleven of the east. Wilberforce in Philadelphia lost to Lincoln, 13 to 12. West Virginia Collegiate Institute on their home grounds defeated Lincoln, 19 to 15. From the far south, Morehouse, representative of the best in that section, lost to Union University. Union also defeated V. N. and L. L., and lost to Hampton Hampton Institute claims the championship and is favored by most critics. Defeated by Petersburg by a score of 12 to 6 early in the season, the team braced and ended with the scalps of Shaw, Howard, Lincoln and Union dangling from her belt. Of the big Thanksgiving battles, the Howard and Lincoln affray in Washington drew the spot light. With seeming odds against them, the Howard team astonished its supporters by uncovering a slashing attack and variety of play that all but scored victory, the margin of defeat being one point. Lincoln's eleven with well timed passes, long end runs and sterling defense, offset the ground gaining onslaught of her opponent. The Talladega team was strong, but had many men injured. Edwards remained the star fullback, and Spencer led the backfield. Talladega beat Tuskegee and was beaten by Fisk and Morehouse and tied by Morris Brown. Fisk, with Tubby Johnson, as star halfback, lost to Tennessee Normal and Atlanta and won over Talladega Knoxville and Tuskegee. Larger crowds attended the games this year than ever before. And in Southern communities often the white people were in the majority. Many of them were greatly impressed with the playing of and conduct at the game. The educational feature of this mingling of races is no small factor in better race relationship. To my knowledge during this season no colored institutions found it desirable or necessary to use men of another race as officials in order to secure impartiality and ability. This last relic of serfdom and belief in the color white as an ear mark of honesty and efficiency is gone forever, we hope. A splendid corps of good officials is being developed and as soon as one or two schools use coaching mentors whose ideals are not smothered by the one lone aim—win the game—the number of games of riotous climax or forfeited decisions will be reduced to nothing. Newspapers are adding life to their pages by the weekly rehearsals of these contests. Most teams are being coached by men of high calibre. There are yet left a few coaches whose qualifications are based solely upon their past successful playing on the gridiron, but the great majority of men are good sports; good enough to gracefully acknowledge a defeat without alibis, excuses and criticisms of the officials. In all, the 1922 season established a high water mark in the annals of the game. WEST MENTIONED BY CAMP. Charles West, the fast and heady back on the great Washington and Jefferson squad, received honorable mention for Walter Camp's Official Alk-American Football Team. It is said that only injuries kept West off this mythical champion eleven. SAM TAYLOR MADE GOOD. Sam Taylor, an old Richmond boy, made good as an end on the eleventh of Northwestern University this season. Taylor played on Union for two seasons and was a member of the old Richmond Giants baseball team. He is son of the late Rev. W. L. Taylor, Grand Master of U. O. T. R. LOCAL SPORT JOTS Basketball does not enjoy much popularity here, but it should, as it is one of the cleanest and best of sports. The reason for this may lie in the fact that there is no suitable indoor court for this pasttime. The Y. W. C. A. has an outdoor court and two girl's teams, but as no other teams are here, the interest is not as "pepy" as it would be, if there were rival teams. It seems that if a girl's team could be developed at Armstrong, the rivalry between the Y. W. and A. H. girls would cause a much needed interest to be aroused in this sport. Bye the bye, some of us can remember when good basketball games were pulled off in Johnson's Auditorium in Leigh Street and the little old town was buzzing with enthusiasm over the court game. The A. S. C's have organized a real athletic club and quarters have been secured in the Reformers Hall, the old Spartan bailwick. This is a good move in the right direction and it is hoped the boys may prosper in the attempt. A good gymnasium is needed in Richmond, and maybe the football lads can find the money to put over a "gym." Baseball is heard in the distance. The king is coming. The Athletic Association at the Armstrong High School held a spirited meeting last Friday to formulate plans for a good nine this Spring. Candidates for the team have been ordered to limber up and listen for the call. The boys are determined to put over a great team this year and clean up around these parts. About 30 candidates will try for positions. 22 KILLED IN FLORIDA (Continued from First Page) Studstill of Sumner, Bryan Kirkland of Sumner, Mannie Hudson of Sumner, and Henry Odon of Otter Creek. Several colored persons are believed to bear wounds inflicted in the figat. The community had been aroused since an attack on a young white woman at Sumner on Monday. Hunter, who escaped from a road gang in Levy County, was accused in connection with the crime which was said to have resulted in Carrier saying his act was an example of what the colored people could do without interference. The white men went to Carrier's home last night to see if Hunter was there and to warn Carrier against funter talk of that kind. Hunter was serving a prison term for carrying concealed weapons. It was believed he was in the house at the time of the clash. COUE DEMONSTRATES A REMARKABLE POWER TO CURE. New York, Jan. 5.—The first day in America of Emile Coue, noted French autosuggestion exponent, was in every way a success, the little French man admitted tonight as he prepared to suggest immediate sleep, M. Coue gave two lectures today, exclusively for newspaper owners, editors, publishers and reporters. "I cannot grow a new leg where one has been cut off," said M. Coue, smilingly, to one of his subjects, "but I can cure insomnia and I know that many cases of blindness and paralysis are as much mental as physical." THE RICHMOND PLANET. RICHMOND. VIRGINIA MARCUS GARVEY WILL TOUR THE WORLD Owing to the continuous general misrepresentations made of the aims and objects of the Universal Negro Improvement Association by the enemies of the movement and by the false opinion that certain Negro organizations so-called leaders and exploiters have created in the minds of a large number of white people of America for the purpose of such organizations and individuals fleeing from the white race through patronage and charity, contributions and support for their own movements and themselves, the Honorable Marcus Garvey, President-General of the Universal Negro Improvement Association, has decided for the purpose of presenting the association before the world in a proper light to make a speaking tour of the world, starting from February next and continuing for several months. He will speak for five months in all the principal cities of the United States to white and colored audiences, one month in the Dominion of Canada; two months in South and Central America, one month in the West Indies two months in England, Scotland and Wales, Ireland, France, Italy, Switzerland, Spain and Germany, one month in Australia and one month in Japan. In America, Mr. Garvey will speak to the majority of white people for the purpose of honestly informing them of the real program of the Universal Negro Improvement Association. In Europe he will lay before the working classes the need for co-operation and among them to make Africa the land of the blacks. Mr. Garvey, shall also, while in Europe, continue the work of the delegation from the Association recently returned from the League of Nations. It is rumored that among those to accompany Mr. Garvey on the trip around the world in the interest of the Association will be Sir William Ferris, editor of the new World; Lady Henrietta Vinton Davis, Fourth Assistant President General, and several secretaries and reporters. Already arrangements are on the way for Mr. Garvey to speak in some of the largest halls in Europe, and arrangements will be made for him to speak in the Royal Albert Hall in London England. JUDGE ORDERS GUN HUNT Crowd at Bastrop Court House Are Scarred for Weapons—Troops to Protect Witnesses. Bastrop, La., Jan. 5.—Louisiana began its legal battle against the new Klux Klan today with the start of the open hearing at which the prosecution hopes to present evidence sufficient to cause the indictment of members of the hooded band which kidnapped and killed Watt Daniels and Thomas Richards last August. The hearing adjourned until tomorrow, after witnesses had established beyond a doubt the identity of the bodies brought to the surface of Lake La Fourche by dynamite as those of Daniels and Richards Members of the klan in Morehough-Parish have insisted that the bodies recovered were not those of the slain men. Many admitted klansmen were among the 600 spectators crowded in to the courtroom. COURT WILL PROTECT When court convened at 10 A.M. Judge Odom called Sheriff Carpenter who is an officer of the klan) to the stand and said: "You are to see that perfect order is maintained in this courtroom. I want all those who desire to attend these bearings and all those who may be called as witnesses to know that I am not going to permit any interference with the orders or processes of the Court. There must be no disorder in or about the Court House and there must be no tampering with witnesses. I want the witnesses to feel free to come here and testify and that in doing so they will be afforded every protection that the State of Louisiana can throw about them. "If it should come to me at any time during this hearing, through information I think is reliable, that any person or group of persons have attempted or attempting to frighten, intimidate or in any manner interfere with any witness either before or after he has testified. I am going to have the parties implicated arrested and incarcerated at once. Every right-thinking law-abiding citizen of the parish wants to see the slayers of Watt Daniel and Thomas F. Richards brought to justice. This hearing could have been carried on with all safety, I think, without the presence of the State militia. However these troops are here, and in order that the people may be reassured I will state that they are subject to the orders of the Court and I shall not hesitate to call them in to protect citizens or to aid the Sheriff in the discharge of his duties if any emergency should arise." Court was then adjourned to give any of the spectators who might have weapons in their pockets a chance to take them home. Judge Odom announce that any body discovered carrying concealed weapons, either here or in Mer Rouge would be immediately put in jail until the hearing was over. When the session was resumed at 2 P. M., in compliance with Judge Odom instructions, deputy sheriffs stood at each entrance to the room and "fanned" every man and woman for weapons. IDENTIFICATION Attorney General Coco and his assis ants, Drs. Charles W. Duvall and John A. Lanford, State pathologists, represented the prosecution. W. H. Todd, attorney for Jefferson Burnet* is partly deaf, and uses a mechanical advice attached to a wire. The instrument was placed on Judge Odom's bench. John C. Nettles engaged in the whole sale fishing business and operating in Lake La Fourche, the first witness and one of the first to reach the spot after the lake was dynamited, toll of discovering the two bodies. He turned keys and hacksaw found by a Negro over to Captain Cooper of the State militia. A chain on a boat at the lake had been sawed with the hacksaw. Mr. Walmsley, Assistant Attorney General, as a witness, offered in evidence a wrist bearing the inscription "J. L. Daniel, Mer Rouge." "It was found on one of the bodies," he said. He also showed a black bow neck tie with the initials "F. W. D." and a badly damaged $5 bill. The hands on the watch pointed to the hour of 10 o'clock. Mr. Walmsley said when it was taken from the body. J. L. Daniel father of Watt Daniel as a witness positively identified the watch as one he himself had bought. "This watch is one I bought in Monroe and had my name inscribed on it" he said. "I gave it to my boy during the war." Watt Daniel's belt buckle and shirtband were also identified by the father. The shirtband bore the initials "J. W. D." A. E. Furlan, Chief of the Department of Justice produced pieces of clothing taken from one of the bodies, and John McLwain, a Mer Rouge store keeper testified that Richards bought a suit of similar cloth, ordering it through him from a Cincinnati firm. TOWN LIKE A COUNTY FAIR Court was then adjourned for the day. Interest is now centred in tomorrow's session, when, announcements has been made, therport of the pathologists will be heard Y. W. C. A. NOTES The Girls Executive Council elected as their officers for the year: Miss L. Ora Harris, O'Cheer-Extempo president; Miss Annie Hucles, O'Cheer-Extempo first vice president; Miss Alice Spindle, Carnation second vice president; Miss Rebecca Burrell, R. I. C., recording secretary; Miss Mamie White, Triple I. assistant recording secretary; Miss Henrietta Burrett, corresponding secretary; Miss Corinne Daniel, O'Cheer-Extempo, assistant corresponding secretary; Miss Bernice Hedgeman, Ra I. C. treasurer; Miss Virginia Edmunds, G. A. C. reporter; Miss Evelyn Burwell, O'Cheer-Extempo, musical director; Miss Myrtle Gin, R. I. C. assistant music The following committee chairmen were appointed: Miss Virginia Edmunds, Constitution; Miss Alto Johnson, Program; Miss Annie Jenkins, Social. At the next meeting February 2nd, installation of officers will be the feature. The O'Cheer-Extempo will hold an Initiation Service, Thursday evening at 6:30 o'clock, at which time 20 new members will be received into the club. If you have not seen the Girl Reserve Calendars, do so. They are on sale at the "Y." 515 North Seventh St. THE G. A. C. AGAIN One of the interesting affairs of the Yuletide was the "Hopping John" party given by the Gourdin Athletic Club Saturday, December 30th, 1922. The party clad in sport costume left the "Y" at 2 P. M. They arrived at the station just in time to board the cars which left at 2:25 P. M. The party arrived at Hollybrook about 3 P. M. and quickly wended their way to the beautiful home of Mr. and Mrs. S. B. Stewart. Then the fun began. Some of the members busied themselves with the preparation of dinner. Others amused themselves playing ball and other games and taking snapshots. About five o'clock the hungry party was called into dinner. The menu consisted of hot rolls, boiled peas, ham, baked sweet potatoes and hot coffee with cream. After dinner the party was entertained with music by Mr. Harris Hilton. About 9, the merry party bade good-night to their kind hostess and turned their faces homeward, having spent a most enjoyable day. Those present were: Miss Viola L. F. Chaplain, Director of G. R. of W. C. W. A. Mrs. R. B. Caffe, chaperon; Missa Willie Elllett, Loola Lewis, Cornelia Horsely, Martha Chiles, Rose and Marion Hayes, Rose Meade, Ruth Hucker, Evelyn Robinson, Sidney Mayo, Blanche Cole, Lillian Peters, Edwina Clay, Lottie Frayser, Louise and Beatrice Edmunds, Camile Mayo, Cotance Hill, Lourthur Curley, Mrs Alice Harris, Rev E. D. Caffe, Messrs Sam Miller, E. W. Greene, A. A Branch, Edw. Hayes, H. Hucles, Allen Jackson, Alphonso Clarke, L. P. Morris, R. Long, C. E. Jackson, H. H. Corrothers, H. Harris, Allen Akens, I. Robinson, Arthur Ferguson, W. Smith M. Jones, Tom Hayes, J. E. Jones, B. F. Taylor, Out of town guests were: Miss Bessie Hope of Washington, D. C., Miss Netelka Burrell, of Baltimore, Mr. Thurlow Jones of New Haven, Conn., Mr. Lionel Harper of Washington D. C. The student Y. M. C. A. of Virginia Unifon University opened the New Year with a program which was unique in its planning and superior in the carrying out. Mr. Olphin paid a glowing tribute to women in his address, "The Emancipated Woman." The music ranked with the best given at the W. C. A. at anytime. Mr. Clarka, vice president of the organization presided. Miss L. Ora Harris, president of the Girls Executive Council introduced the men with very fitting remarks. Mrs. Pearl Rowe Peters will have charge of the Vesper Services on Sunday and is presenting the following program: Devotionals; recitation. Miss Elena Belle; duet Misses Fields; address. Mrs. Rosa D. Bowser; music, announce ments. Miss V. L. F. Chaplain. mentis, Mrs. V. L. F. Chapman. It is hoped that a large audience will be present to enjoy this spend.ildi program. Mrs. Bowser, well known to all Richmond, is one of the most forceful speakers of our race. THE DOINGS OF THE Y. M. C. A The Young Men's Christian Association is organized to further the Kingdom of God by doing like Christ. The Young Men's Christian Associations seek to unite those young men who regard Jesus Christ as their God and Savior, according to the Holy Scriptures, desire to be His Disciples, in doctrine and in their life and to associate their efforts for the extention of His Kingdom among young men. You are the salt of the earth and the light of the world. New Year came to the Y. M. C. A. and found her looking for the other boy and man. Early meeting was held at the building 10 A. M. A good beginning. The boys of the building met at 11 A. M. and led a surprise on the boys and girls of the Orphan Asylum and all were happy. The classes are all now open and everbody is busy. The class for the explanation on the Sunday School Lesson by Dr. W. H. Stokes was well attended last Saturday. Last Sunday was a great beginning and every body was active. 9:30 A. M. General Secretary led the workers' meeting at the Y. M. A., and it was a happy hour. The meeting for the women in the penitentiary 10 A. M. was enjoyed by the women and one was led back into the path. 10 A. M. the committees were mindful of the work in the jail and city home. 3:30 P. M. at the 6th Mt. Zion Baptist church the great evangelistic meetings for men by the churches and the Y. M. C. A. were opened and a large number of young men came out. Dr. T. J. King pastor of the 5th Street Baptist church preached a sermon that went right to the heart. Subject: The Power of the Blood. One man accepted Christ and one for a bome. The men sang the songs from their soul. A good meeting. Today 5 P. M. at the building hear the explanation on the Sunday School Lesson. Men be on time Sunday ready for hard work and the other man. Workers at the building 9 30 A. M. Meeting for boys 4 P. M. at the Y. M. C. A. The great evangelistic meeting continued at the 5th Baptist church Harvie and Cary streets. Rev. W. B. Hall will preach a special sermon. Men do not fail to hear this sermon. Prof. Tajor will lead the songs. Be on time. Tell the other man to come. The Y. M. C. A. asks every home to have special prayers for her for wit> out praer there is no strength. Agents Wanted. MONDAY—Lots of it made every day by agents selling my complexion specialties to covered trade only Box 546, Wichita Falls, Texas. BE A SIGN PAINTER A SHOW CARD WRITER Earn while you learn. Send for circular today. W. H. BURNS' HOME STUDY COURSE. 12 W. 135th Street. New York City VIRGINIA—In Hustings Court Part II, City of Richmond, January 6th, 1923. CHARLIE JEFFERSON Plaintiff vs. In Chancer. GLADYS GERTRUDE JEFFERSON Defendant. The object of this suit is to obtain a divorce by the plaintiff from the defendant upon the grounds of desertion, and adultery. And affidavit having been made and filed that diligence has been used by and on behalf of the plaintiff to ascertain in what County or Corporation the defendant, Gladys Gertrude Jefferson is, without effect and that he does not know the whereabout of the said defendant, it is ordered that she appear here within ten days after due publication of this order and do what is necessary to protect her interest in this suit. Clerk Hustings Court Part II. By H. G. DUVAL, A. C. C. MIMMS. p. q. VIRGINIA—In the Law and Equity Court of the City of Richmond. December 30, 1922. JOHN COOPER Plaintiff vs. (In Chancery) JULIA COOPER Defendant The object of this suit is to obtain a divorce from bed and board from the defendant Julia Cooper on the grounds of wilful desertion, cruelty and abandonment, and after the expiration of three years from date of the decree granting the divorce from bed and board to have the same merged into a divorce from the bond of matrimony; and an affidavit having been made an filed the defendant Julia Cooper is not a resident of the State of Virginia, and that her last known post Office address is 106 Pleasant Street, Attelboro, Massachusetts, it is ordered that she appear hear within ten (10) days after due publication of this order and do what is necessary to protect her interest in this suit. A Copy: Teste: LUTHER LIBBY, Clerk. C. A. MCKENZIE, p. q. L. J. HAYDEN Manufacturer of Pure Herb Medicines TO 'RELIEVE ALL DISEASES OR NO CHARGE 220 W. BROAD STREET, RICHMOND, VIRGINIA DO YOU LOVE HEALTH? If so, call and see L. J. 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For full particulars, write, send or call on L. J. HAYDEN, 220 West Broad Street. Prompt Service. Orders in or out of the city solicited. The Finest Caskets and the Cheapest furnished on short notice. Marriages and Social Functions Also a Specialty. DAY OR NIGHT SERVICE. PHONE: MADYSON 200 Richmond, Va. July 8, 1915. A perfect cure has been effected by L. J. Hayden's Pure Herb Medicines. After waiting thirteen years and have not suffered from the horrible disease, Gravel. I desire to make a statement to L. J. Hayden. Thirteen years ago twelve leading physicians of my city treated me for kidney trouble and gravel without the desired benefit. These doctors advised me to be operated or, as that was the only chance for me. I was advised to go and get some of L. J. Hayden's Herb Medicine and try to fore being operated on. I did so, and in twenty-four hours after using his medicines I passed at least a half dozen gravel, some as big as a large pea. 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