The Appeal

RW PEOPLE in this country realize the magnitude of the ambition. President Obama, in zulahs, an ambition in which he is, supported by his own party in the country of which he is the chief executive and by a large and active party, the president, who is nothing less than the re-electing of the old republic of Colombia formed by Simon Bolivar, the Liberator, which consisted of the countries now known as Venezuela, Ecuador and Colombia. That accommodation and advancement of his ambition to seek to add to the reconstructed nation Peru and Bolivia, as Bolivar sought to do, and in which he almost succeeded, being for a time the president of Colombia, but the arbiter of the affairs of those two nations. This would mean the formation, in place of five weak, discordant, belligerent and turbulent countries, of a nation with a population of 10 million, and an area nearly as large as that of the United States, exclusive of Alaska. It would be larger than the Russian empire in Europe, larger by about 2,000,000 square miles than the German or the Austrian empire or the republic of France, and nearly two-thirds the size of the United States, to 16 to European Turkey, the kingdoms of Servia and Romania and the principality of Bulgaria taken together. Its boundaries would be almost coincident with the territory reigned by the Incas and their tributary princes at the height of their empire. It would have a coast line of 6,800 miles, of which 3,000 are on the Atlantic ocean and Caribbean sea and the remainder on the Pacific. Venezuela alone has a coast line of 2,000 miles, with thirty-two natural harbors and fifty boys. The rebellion of the Ottoman Empire in Western continent in point of area and population, the United States being the first and Brazil the second. The natural resources, as yet developed hardly at all, of the lands comprised within the boundaries of the contempted republic are immense and varied, and the vastness of the land would be one which would afford opportunities for the working out of the best destinies if the Latin race in the Western world, and would be a power strong enough to defy foreign aggression from other nations. The proposed Panamerican railway would run through the heart of this nation, and, with its branch lines, would connect with the Pacific ocean on the west and the Carriacan sea on the north, thus hastening the development of the country and vastly increasing its commercial importance. THE APPEAL. actual fighting is going on for the accomplishment of the scheme of reunion. The Liberal parties in these three countries are united in an attempt to bring the scheme of union to an accomplishment. The Liberal party made himself the head of the government. Read in the light of the knowledge of this movement for unification the seemingly confused state of affairs in Colombia and Venezuela becomes more common. The state has been reading dispatches from South America telling of invasions of Colombian territory by troops from Ecuador and Venezuela and of the violation of the territory of the republics by the troops of Colombia. The news has been really a record of the stand which is being made against the government against the Liberals of the other two parties. Ecuador, being a small nation and the government seemingly having the Liberals better in hand than they are in the other two countries, has so far manned the war against the actual war; but under the lead of Castro the Liberals of Venezuela have made common cause with their brother of Colombia against the Conservatives, who opposed the union, and a state war with the Colombian government. Castro, with the aid of the Colombian Liberals, succeed in overthrowing the existing government of Colombia, the union is inevitable, and Ecuador would come before in Bolivar's time. After that it will be time enough to talk about Peru and Bolivia. At present nipples are marching and battles are being fought in the states which Bolivar freed from the Spanish yoke and formed into a nation which he fondly hoped should flourish and be forever a monument to his memory—a landmark of his fame—but which fell to the hands of the invaders to re-establish the great nation of Bolivar, may be like the dog in the fable, and in a sping at the vision of what he desires may lose the substance of that nation. The invaders are not like him. At present, however, he seems to hold Venezuela with a firm hand, the firmest which has been on her helm of state since Gurman Blanco was born. He is fat, supine and politically impatient amid the pleasures of Parisian life. Castro has great energy, great ambition and cannot be denied considerable ability of a contain sort. In politics and in society he has been adventurous and when he suddenly became a political force his rise to sudden power was rapid. He came to the presidency of Venezuela by fire and sword, and he holds his power in a manner which would not be tolerated in English-speaking countries, but which seems to be the only way in which semicertainty of rule ever is attained as established in the Latin-American nations. Castro is as arbitrary, as despotic, as politically unscrupulous as Gusman Blanco, but his ambitions seem to be higher, and he is vice, at least in part, from that extraordinary vanity which Blanco displayed. Blanco did a great deal to make him a practical and an absolute monarch, as Castro is; but Blanco was content to hold Venezuela in the grasp of his strong hand and did not look beyond her borders, but he was a man of scattered great statues of himself all over the country and gave to himself the title of "The Illustrious American," he made for himself great wealth and large estates, and he made great statues of Venezuela. Castro decree himself no titles, no statues of himself, but he rules with all the despotism and remorselessness of Blanco and seeks to make a monument in the shape of a nation. It is only a little white ago that Castro was a wandering outlaw whose life would have been sacrificed had the people in power caught him. He was only an ordinary every day revolutionist, like so many Central America, liable to be caught at any time and suffer the "pasar por his armas," as the Spanish-Americans euphematically call a military execution, and then be forgotten. But Castro has a genius for organization, and his confidence "not keep him awake rights him in the hands," he emphasized the supreme power and means to do it, and more, too, if he can. He hasnt his enemies to join their fathers or, conspire against him in the ports of West India islands. He is keen inseeing advantage of it, and this development of a sentiment for the re-establishment of Bolvair's old republic came to his and, he has encouraged it. It serves o withdraw the attention of the Venezuelans from domestic affairs and gives him a new and safe bed, besides opening it up to his own ambition, and, if the thing is properly carried through, and if the thing is stable government in Latin America is possible-of realizing the dreams and carrying out the plans of the great liberator, the "Washington of South America." Between Guaman Blanco and Castro there have been several presidents, but the country never has felt since the days of the illuminous American that it had a master, the president of tumults, discords and revolutions. To be president of Venezuela is not the simple and unostentatious thing that it is. It is the president of Venezuela wears gorgeous state, shining with orders, and keeps his state. Castro holds a regular court in the Casa Amabilia, or Yellow House, the room in the White House. The president in the white form of a general, with a wide golden skirt, is seated on a gilded throne, while standing on either side of him are his Defective Page cabinet ministers, are to in full uniform. The ambassadors are taken to the place of reception in a gilded coach, and are the ambassadors of the presidential court, who have an official title of introducer of ambassadors. When the folding doors of the great room are thrown open the person who is being granted an audience is expected to be seated on his throne at the other end of the room. Half way across the intervening space he must stop and bow again, and then, advancing to the foot, he is formally presented to his exalted position. The audience over, the person who has been received bows as low as he can without breaking his back, turns and walks to the middle of the room, where he is seated. Again resuming his march he reaches the door, where he wheels a second time and makes a third bow, backing out of the room as he does so. Great ceremonies of ministrations were held in the Palacio Federal, where there was a diphital ballroom 200 feet long and 40 to 100 feet wide. This used to be called the finest ballroom, where the furniture was upholstered with costly fabrics and the floor beautifully inlaid with various kinds of wood. In Venezuela Castro has under his sway about two and a half millions of people, scattered over an area of 353,812 square miles. The population of the same country is Colombia. Colombia is a mixture of India, Spanish, half-breeds and negroes, though the mixture of Indian blood with the Spanish is not so great as it is in Colombia. In the latter country the Indian blood is very prominent, and its possessors, so far from seeking to conceal the fact, are rather proud of it. The people of these countries are fighters in their irregular way, but the most sturdy and the best soldiers are Indians. Llanos, great plains like the little plains of our West, and in Colombia the Little Indians from Cauca are as brave and as fond of tumult and battle as they are unfortunate and hard to control. Colombia has about 120,000 square miles, but a larger population, there being about 4,000,000 inhabitants in that country. Ecuador with an area of 120,000 square miles, has a mixed population of 127,000. So the whole territory of the Bolivia has now a population of over seven and a half millions. Castro's ambition once attained, and this nation re-established and consolidated Peru, with her 3,000,000 population to invite the federation, and in case she did not come quietly, could offer arguments of force. It would not be the first time that a country had been forced into the days of Bolivar they helped drive the Spanish out of the country, and they stayed there for a considerable time as a result of the war in the nation, Bolivia, with an area be- tween that' of *Colombia* and Venezuela, having a population of 2,300,000, in which the native Indian element is immensely in the preponderance, would find it important to have a national federation, for she has now no seacoast. Chile took what little she had away from her as a punishment for joining Peru in the last Chile-Peruvian war, and Brazil on the east and the Argentine and Paraguay on the west. Chile would be the republic of "Greater Colombia" would have to be on a firm foundation before it would dare to take in Peru and Bolivar, for that act would be sure to bring on a collision with Chile. That country interrogates American countries of South America and has time and time again invaded Peru and interfered with the internal affairs of that nation. It regards Bolivia and Peru as the eventual absorption of those nations as its "manifest destiny." from *diy* of his death until now the unification idea has slumbered and slept in the nations which formed his republic of Colombia. It was, in fact, supposed to be dead, and a politician who dared to attack it was one of the countries at any time during the past seventy years would have been taught as a crazy man. It was only the pressure of Bolivar's name and deeds which kept the public of Colombia together while he lived, and the three nations which had been the great liberator to disassemble. The name of Colombia was hateful to the politicians of the time, and disappeared from the maps and from the speech of men. The country now known as Colombia originally was a slave state, and its name upon the dissolution of the union, and remained New Granada until 1853, when the name of Colombia was adopted. This was an evidence that the ghost of the old republic has not been killed, though no man realized the significance of this event, probably, those who advocated the reversion to the old name. William L. Serugas, formally minister to the Colombian and Venezuelan republics, who made a study of the social and political conditions of those countries and put the result in the form of a book titled *The Politics of the Venezuelan Fairs*, says of the unification sentiment: "It required a long series of almost fatal experiences to induce New Granada, Venezuela and Ecuador, and the petty provinces or states" of each, to sufficiently overcome their prejudices to form a federal government. The Colombian union was very general among the leading politicians and demagogues of the provinces in each of these countries. Nor was this strange antipathy confined to the demagogues alone. Intelligent and patriotic men who had other political convictions were strange and undefined dead of something which they called "consolidated government", without exactly knowing what that meant; and with them, as with us, this senseless fear of "centralization" long continued to be the civil genius of the Venezuelan people through the military prestige and personal influence of Gen. Dolphin; that the union became a Gen. Palliser." Having thrown off the Spanish yorks and formed the province of New Granada, Venezuela and Ecuador into the Republic of Colombia, Bolivar went with his Colombia troops to Peru, which then took over the country and defeating the royals in several pitched battles, put an end to Spanish power in that country, and was made dictator of the new nation. He then went to Upper Peru, a country which and open formerly the country of the Viceroyalty of Buenos Ayres, but had recruited. The people of this section formulated themselves into a nation, which they named Bolivin, after the librarian, and made Bolivar perpetual president. Bolivar was now at the height of his power, and it is this period of his career when most appeal most strongly to the ambition of it is also the portion which should be made available by the Venezuelan president, which is in the footsteps of his illustrious predecessor. "Bolivar created; Castro restored," is what the new risen guild of 90th American destinies wants carved on his tomb, and "E' Residencia" would not there to carry to carry down to postality. There is little doubt that Bolivar aimed $2.40 PER YEAR. AN ORINOCO RIVER BOAT TRO RECEIVES AMBASSADOR Colombian union. At any rate, he was suspected of such a design, and this was attributed to him as a crime. So those two countries repudiated him, and he reclaimed Bolivar. He was ahead of his time. He really had no public sentiment to work with, such as Castro has. How strong the decentralizing sentiment was at and after the time of Bolivar may be imagined, but the union of the "sovereign states" of Venezuela increased from six to twenty-one; the new ones made out of new territory, but carved out of the old states. In Sarmada every man of eighteen descript sovereign, floating at about random, controlled by some higher law inherent in himself. In all three nations revolution succeeded revolution, and constitution succeeded constitution with benefactor. In dictators or incompetent politicians altogether each other at the head of affairs, and the Colombian republic, for which Bolivar labored and from which he and the advocates of freedom all over the world hoped to be a ruler, was a scandal among governments and to liberty. And so it has remained. In Venezuela, between Bolivar and Blanco, there intervened a state little short of political chaos. To the iron rule of the revoltum and disorder; now with Castro comes what? He has drawn the sword of Bolivar, but can he wield it? The first movement toward centralization appeared in Colombia—modern Colombia—under the result of the Real Uruza in 1888 and resulted in the revolt was down a centralized republic was formed and the present constitution of the country promulgated. Still we heard nothing about the recreation of Bolivar, and the curious anomalies of political history that the unification sentiment should now appear in the ranks of the Liberals. Had it been taken up by the Conservatives, it would have been logical; but the Liberals constitute the party which lore always has been the champion of decentralization and segregation. It has been the one and only intelligible doctrine which it has preached, the only reason for its success. Now, suddenly, we see the Liberals of Venezuela, Colombia, and Ecuador marshaling their forces for an armed attack against the government of Colombia, and at the same time shouting for unification. How largely this anomalous situation is due to the genius of Castro in seeing the growth of the party, and seizing upon it for its own ends, regardless of political traditions, is a question. The president of Venezuela is so lauded by his friends and so villed by his enemies that it harbours a possible at this distance to get a clear idea of his personalization of the constitution issue was like a gold dollar which had been left lying in the street; the Liberals saw it first and picked it up before the Conservatives could get to it. It did not matter if the issue was a fight against which they had always invigored, but it was also a thing of which they immediately recognized, the value and of which they proceeded to make immediate use. The scheme for the reestablishment of the Colombian union is of special interest in its connection with the canal question. The scheme of an intercaneo canal across the isthmus of Panama was, with car, a part of the scheme for a Colombian union. It was Bolivar who took the first sorrow moving to the building, and then to the time when the struggle of the nation against Spain seemed least hopeful of success. As soon as he had been invested with dictator powers for the prosecution of war, he sent agents to the capital in the scheme. Money capitalized in London for the canal, but as no maritime power could be found willing --- CASTRO PLANS TO WIPE OUT FIVE REPUBLICS DICTATOR WOULD WELD VENEZUELA, COLOMBIA, ECUADOR, BOLIVIA AND PERU INTO A GREAT NATION AND A WORLD-POWER RULED OVER BY HIMSELF = WAR WITH COLOMBIA THE FIRST MOVE IN A SOUTH AMERICAN GAME OF EMPIRE CIPRIANO CASTRO PRESIDENT OF VENEZUELA AN ORINOCO RIVER BOAT UNSHaded PARTS SHOW SOUTH AMERICAN REPUBLICS WHICH CASTRO WOULD WELD INTO A WORLD POWER HOW CASTRO RECEIVES AN AMBASSADOR HARBOR OF LA GUAYRA from the day of his death until now the unification idea has slumbered and stopped in the nations which formed his republic of Colombia. It was in fact, supposed to be dead, and a politician who dared to advocate the reuniting of the three countries at any time during the past seventy years would have been ignored at a crazy man. It was only the presence of Ecuador's name and deeds which kept the public of Colombia together while he lived, and the three nations hardly could wait for the death of the Colombian union. At any rate, he was suspected of such a design, and this was attributed to him as a crime. So the two countries repudiated him, and he tried to the troubled rule of Colombia. Bolivar was ahead of his time. He reasoned no public sentiment to work with such as Castro has. How strong the centralizing sentiment was at and after the time of Bolivar may be imagined from the fact that after the dissolution the nation the "sovereign states" of Venezuela increased from six to twelve, the new ones not made out of new territory, but carved out of the old states. New Granada every man of eight years and upward was a sort of no-descript sovereign, floating about at raiddom, controlled by some higher lawer in himself. In all three nations revolution succeeded revolution, and constitution succeeded constitution with wildering rapidity. Military dictators incompetent politicians alternated with each other hardly could wait for the death of the the country of which he is the chief executive and by a large and active party in Colombia and Ecuador. It is also the most powerful old republic of Colombia formed by Simon Bolivar, the Liberator, which consisted of the countries now known as Venezuela, Ecuador and Colombia. That accommodation and the advancement of his ambition to seek to add to the reconstructed nation Peru and Bolivia, as Bolivar sought to do, and in which he almost succeeded, being for a time the most powerful of the Colombia, but the arbiter of the affairs of those two nations. This would mean the formation, in place of five weak, discordant, belligerent and turbulent countries, of a nation with a population of 10 million, and an area nearly as large as that of the United States, exclusive of Alaska. It would be larger than the Russian empire in Europe, larger by about 2,000,000 square miles than the German or the Austrian empire or the republic of France, and nearly two-thirds the size of the United States. It would be larger than European Turkey, the kingdoms of Serbia and Romania and the principality of Bulgaria taken together. Its boundaries would be almost coincident with the territory reigned over by the Incas and their tributary princes at the height of their territory. It would have a coast line of 3,800 miles, of which 3,000 are on the Atlantic ocean and Caribbean sea and the remainder on the Pacific. Venezuela alone has a coast line of 2,000 miles, with thirty-two natural harbors and fifty fays. The rebellion of the Ottoman Empire in Western continent in point of area and population, the United States being the first and Brazil the second. The natural resources, as yet developed hardly at all, of the lands comprised within the boundaries of the contemptated republic are immense and varied, and under a stable government the nation is well equipped to meet the needs of the universities for the working out of the best destinies if the Latin race in the Western world, and would be a power strong enough to deny foreign aggression from the enemy. The project! Pan-American railway would run through the heart of this nation, and, with its branch lines, would connect with the Pacific ocean on the west and the Curcuma sea on the north, thus hastening the development of the country and vastly increasing its commercial importance. It will be seen that it is with no more ambitions that President Castro is credited. At present the agitation for a union of the separated nations does not amount to a sentiment within the domain of practical politics, except in Venezuela, Colombia and Ecuador. In Colombia and on the borders of Venezuela and Fiji. THE APPEAL. Intentional Duplicate Exposure actual fighting is going on for the accomplishment of the scheme of reunion. The Liberal parties in these three countries are united in an attempt to bring about the reunion, a complicated fact, and President Castro is made himself the head of the movement. Read in the light of the knowledge of this movement for unification the seemingly confused state of affairs in Colombia and Venezuela becomes more common and the country has been reading dispatches from South America telling of invasions of Colombian territory by troops from Ecuador and Venezuela and of the violation of the territory of the republics by the troops of Colombia. The news has been really a record of the stand which is being made against the Liberals against the Liberals of the other two parties. Ecuador, being a small nation and the government seemingly having the Liberals better in hand than they are in the other two countries, has so far manned the opposition in the actual war; but under the lead of Castro the Liberals of Venezuela have made common cause with their brother of Colombia against the Conservatives, who imposed the union, and a state of war on the Colombian side. With the aid of the Colombian Liberals, succeed in overthrowing the existing government of Colombia, the union is inevitable, and Ecuador would come in favor. As she did before in Bolivar's time. After that it will be time enough to talk about Peru and Bolivia. At present armies are marching and battles are being fought in the states which Bolivia traced from the Spanish yoke and formed into a nation which be fondly hoped to flourish and be treacher a monument of his fame—but which fell to re-establish the great nation of Bolivar, may be like the dog in the fable, and in *g*-sping at the vision of what he desires may lose the substance of that country, and are not the enemies are numerous and are not the enemies are numerous, he seems to hold Venezuela with a firm hand, the firmest which has been at her heim of state since Gurun Blanco and became fat, supine and politically into and became the pleasures of Paraguay life. Castro has great energy, great ambition and cannot be denied considerable ability of a certain sort. In politics and in military, he is notorious and when he suddenly became known for his rise to sudden power was ripe. He came to the presidency of Venezuela by fire and sword, and he holds his power in a minime which would not be of much use to him, but which seems to be the only way in which permanency of rule ever is attempted or accomplished in the Latin American nations. He is a military, as despotic, as politically unscrupulous as Gumman Blanco, but his ambitions seem to be higher, and he is ree, at least in part, from that extraordinary vanity which Blanco displayed. Blanco did a great deal of work, and he practically an absolute monarch, as Castro is; but Blanco was content to hold Venezuela, in the grasp of his strong hand and did not look beyond her borders, and he was not scattered great statues of himself all over the country and gave to himself the title of "The Illustrious American," he made himself great wealth and large estates that he owned in Venezuela. Castro decree himself no titles, erects no statues of himself, but he rules with all the despots and remorsefulness of Blanco and seeks to maintain a monument in the shape of a nation. cabinet ministers, also in full uniform. The ambassadors are taken to the place of reception in a gilded coach, and are introduced by a gorgeous functionary of the presidential court, who has the official title of a diplomat. When the folding doors of the great room are thrown open the person who is being granted an audience is expected to make a profound bow to the president, and then, advancing to the room, Half way across the intervening space he must stop and bow again, and then, advancing to the foot of the throne, he makes a third bow and bow again, and then, advancing to the audience over, the person who has been received bows as low as he can without breaking his back, turns and walks to the middle of the room where he walks around and makes a second bow, and then reaches the door, where he wheels a second time and makes a third bow, backing out of the room as he does so. Great public receptions and bails in former address are made in federal, where there was a stilful ballroom 200 feet long and 40 to 100 feet wide. This used to be called the finest ballroom in the world. The gilf furniture was upstairs and hidden behind tables and statins and the floor beautifully inlid with various kinds of wood. In Venezuela Castro has under his sway about two and a half millions of people, scattered over an area of 303,914 square miles. The population of the same country is about 30 million, a mixture of Indians, Spanish, half-breeds and negroes, though the mixture of Indian blood with the Spanish is not so great as it is in Colombia. In the latter country the Indian blood is very prominent, and its possessors, so far from seeking to conceal the fact, are rather proud of it. The people of these countries are fighters in their irregular way, the most sturdy and the best soldiers in Venezuela. In Venezuela Llanos, great plains like the little plains of our West, and in Colombia the little Indians from Cauca are as brave and as fond of tumult and battle as they are undisciplined and hard to control. Colombia is zuela, but a larger population, there being about 4,000,000 inhabitants in that country. Bocacó with an area of 120,000 square miles, has a mixed population of the whole territory of the old Columba and of Bolivia has now a population of over seven and a half millions. Castro's ambition once attained, and this nation re-established and consolidated the would be in a position to invite Penelope to the federation, and in case she did not come quietly, could offer arguments of force. It would not be the first time that the Spanish out of the country. In the days of Bolivar they helped drive the Spanish out of the country, and they stayed there for a considerable time as the president of the Liberator in the nation. Bolivar. Chile took what little she had away from her as a punishment for joining Peru in the last Chile-Peruvian war, and Brazil on the east and the Argentine and Paraguay on the south dispute her boundaries. But the republic of "Greater Colombia" would have to take on Peru, and Paraguay would dare to take in Peru and Bolvar, that act would be sure to bring on a collision with Chile. That country arrogates to itself a dominance among the Spanish-American countries of South America and has time and time again invaded Peru and interfered with the internal affairs of the country, as being under its tutelage, and looks to the eventual absorption of those nations as its "manifest destiny." Though small in population, Chile is proud and powerful for its size, and to contend successfully with it the republic of Colombia, would have first to shake off the fear of invasion, and have to give up their lainess and go to war. would have to abandon the gentle and joyous pastime of domestic revolution, in which they are by nature so fond of indulging, and prepare their energies for foreign war. Armies would have to take advantage of the resources of masquerade as soldiers and a maritime force would have to be created and maintained. To those acquainted with the character of the people of the countries of Colombia, would have to take advantage of established nation such a condition of affairs seems impossible of being brought about, in but these days of the rapid decay of old nationalities, and the springing to life of new ones, who shall say that they are not so fortunate, would leave out of consideration the question of Peru and Bolivia, the resulting of the other three countries does not seem difficult of accomplishment, and, in fact, would seem, from the growing number of the people of the country which is bound to become an uncomplicated one before very long, though whether Castro will be able to bring about it by his present course of what practically amounts to armed intervention in favor of the government, would be another question. Should Castro fall in his ambitious pains it is probable that before long an attempt to unite the countries by peaceful means would be made. This sudden outbreak of and rapid violence would break up into smaller ones now it is the time to think of something, from nationalities to the department stores and the "trusts," the movement is toward unification and consolidation. The world force from being control of the country would be Bolivia de los ejemplares years and Defective Page from 1839, day of his death until now the unification idea has slumbered and slumped in the nations which formed his republic of Colombia. It was, in fact, supposed to be dead, and a politician who dared to initiate the reminding of the three countries which formed Colombia in the seventy years would have been ingrained at a crazy man. It was only the pressure of Bolivar's name and deeds which kept the public of Colombia together the lived, and the three nations hardly had any influence as a great liberator to disassemble. The name of Colombia was hateful to the politicians of the time, and disappeared from the maps and from the speech of men. The country now known as Colombia originally was known as New Granada. It resumed its independence in 1839, and remained New Granada until 1853 when the name of Colombia was adopted. This was an evidence that the ghost of the old republic has not been hailed," though no man realized the significance of this name, probably, those who advocated the reversion to the old name. William L. Serugas, formally minister to the Colombian and Venezuelan republics, who made a study of the social and political conditions of those countries and was unable to students of South American affairs, says of the unification sentiment: "It required a long series of almost total experiences to induce New Granada, Venezuela and Ecuador, and the petty provinces, to be able to overcome their prejudices to form a federal union. The opposition to the old Colombian union was very general among the leading politicians and demagogues in each of these countries. Nor was this strangle antipathy towards the intelligent and patriotic men who had other avocations than office seeking and a strange and undefined something which they called consolidated government, without exactly knowing the province in each of these countries, this senseless fear of centralization, long continued to the civil genius of their political institutions. It was only through the military prestige and personal influence of Gen. Bolívar that the province had thrown off the Spanish yoke. Having thrown off the Spanish yoke and formed the province of New Granada, Venezuela and Ecuador into the Republic of Colombia, Bolívar went with his Colombian troops to Peru, which then was trying to drive out the Spanish end, but put an end to Spain's battle, put an end to Spain's power in that country, and was made dictator of the new nation. He then went to Upper Peru, a country which had then formed a dependency of the Spanish end of provinces in the people of this section formed themselves into a nation, which they named Bolívar, after the liberator, and made Bolívar perpetual president. Bolívar was now at the height of his power, and it is this period of his career which most aptly describes the ambition of Castro. It is also the period in which he should be most thoroughly studied by the Venezuelan president, who soars to walk in the footsteps of his illustrious predecessor. "El vava created, Castro restored" is what the new rich men of Spanish American destinies wants cared in his tomb, and "El Resurdarador" would not be a bad title to carry down to perterity. Colombian union. At any rate, he was suspected of such a design, and was attributed to him as a crime. So those two countries repudiated him, and he resigned. Bolivar was ahead of his time. He really had no basic sentiment to work with, such as Castro has. How strong the decentralizing sentiment was at and after the time of Bolivar may be imagined. Bolivar was not made out of new territory, but carved out of the old states. In New Granada every man of eighteen descript sovereign, floating at about a network, controlled by some higher law inherent in himself. In all three nations revolution succeeded revolution, and constitution succeeded constitution with better competence. In incompetent politicians alternated with each other at the head of affairs, and the Colombian republic, for which Bolivar labored and from which he and the advocates of freedom all over the world hoped to gain control of the realm among governments and a stumbling block to liberty. And so it has remained. In Venezuela, between Bolivar and Blanco, there intervened in a state little short of political chaos. To the iron rule of the modern Colombia--under the leadership of modern Colombia--under and resulted in the rebellion of 1885. After the revolt was put down a centralized republic was formed and the present constitution of the country promulgated. Still we heard nothing about the recreation of Bolivar, and the curious anomalies of political history that the unification sentiment should now appear in the ranks of the Liberals. Had it been taken up by the Conservatives, it would have been logical; but the Liberals constitute the party which forto pieces the old republic, and that party always has been the champion of decentralization and segregation. It has been the one and only intelligible doctrine which it has preached, the only reason which it has assigned for its own existence. Now, suddenly, we see the Liberals of Venezuela, Colombia, and Ecuador marshalling their forces for an armed attempt to overthrow the strongly centralized government of Colombia, and at the same time shouting for unification. How largely this anomalous situation is due to the genius of Castro in seeing the growth of the sentiment of unification and seizing upon it for his own ends, regardless of political traditions. Is a question. The president of Venezuela is so inured by his friends and so villed by his enemies that it hardly is possible at this disruption or at this time to criticize or his abilities. It looks as if the unification issue was like a gold dollar which had been left lying in the street; the Liberals saw it first and plucked it up before it was taken away. It was not belong to the Liberals; it was something against which they had always inquired, but it was also a thing of which they immediately recognized the value of their proceedings they proceeded to make immediate use. The scheme for the reestablishment of the Colombian union is of especial interest in its connection with the canal question. The scheme of an intercantic canal across the lethum of Panama was, with a return a part of the scheme for a Colombian union, to the canal where the first serious move, looking to the ing of such a canal, and he took it at the time when the struggle of the nations of the union against Spain seemed least hopeful of success. As soon as he had the power to make financial powers for the prosecution of war, he moved to London to try and interest British capitalists in the scheme. Money duly was pledged in London for the canal, but as no maritime power could be found willing HAVE YOU READ THE APPEAL THE APPEAL, A NATIONAL AFRO-AMERICAN NEWSPAPER PUBLISHED WEEKLY BY ADAMS BROS. EDITORS AND PUBLISHERS 49 E. 4th St., St. Paul, Minn. ISSUED SIMULTANEOUSLY IN Saint Paul, Minneapolis, Chicago, Washington, Louisville, St. Louis. ST. PAUL OFFICE, No. 110 Union Blk. 4th & Cedar, J. Q. ADAMS, Publisher. MINNEAPOLIS OFFICE, Guaranty Loan Bldg. Room 811 HENRY ROBERTS, Manager. CHICAGO OFFICE, 323-5 Dearborn St., Suite 310, C. F. ADAMS, Manager. WASHINGTON OFFICE, No. 1919 Eleventh St., Northwest CHAS. E. HALL, Manager. LOUISVILLE OFFICE, No. 312 W. Jefferson St. Room 3 W. V. PENN, Manager. ST. LOUIS OFFICE, No. 1002 Franklin Avenue. J. H. HARRISON, Manager. 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Further particulars on application. Reading notices 25 cents per line each insertion. The master is set in broderer about six words to the line. All head lines count the date on the address label shows when subscription expires. Renewals will be made by mail. No paper may be missed, as the paper stops working. It occasionally happens that papers sent to telephone or not receive any number when due, inform us by postal card at the expiration of five days forward or a duplication of the missing number. Communications to receive attention must be timely, upon important subjects, plaintily received, and must reach us Tuesdays if possible, anyway not later than Wednesday, and best the morning, turned, unless stamps are sent for postage. We do not hold ourselves responsible for the loss of such stamps. Soliciting agents wanted everywhere. Write for terms. Sample copies only. In every letter you write, you will earn five bills, including address and address, plainly written, post office, county and state. Business openings from local law firms can be on matters for publication. Entered as a solicitor for publication. Entered as AGENTS WANTED. THE APPEAL wants good reliable agents to canvass for subscribers at points not already covered. Write for our extraordinary inducements. SATURDAY, NOVEMBER 9, 1901. A large number of good things, as well as bad ones, have been brought out by the Roosevelt-Washington incident, and among the good ones is the following from the Chicago Chronicle (Dem.); President Rosevelt is accredited with the courage of becoming the first Federal Executive to entertain a Negro in the White House. It appears to be forgotten that Grover Cleveland invited Fred Douglass to be his guest at the White House. The occasion must have been agreeable, for Booker Washington has been the guest of Mr. Cleveland at his home in Princeton. No sophism is more obviously absurd than that of "social equality." No pigment in the blood can make one human being the social equal, superior or inferior of another, no matter how much it affect the hue of the epidermis. Every white man is not the social equal of every other white man. Social equality consists logically in adaptability for enjoyable companionship. "Socius" is Latin for "companion." it is worthy of note that the opposition to the admission of the Atro- SHAFER SETH LOW, THE SUCCESSFUL CANDIDATE OF THE FUSION FORCES. EX-QUEEN LILIUOKALANI Of Hawaii who Will Visit Washington Soon. American Women's clubs into the general Federation is not from the largest and most progressive cities of the states in which such opposition is found, but it comes from the more provincial clubs of the smaller towns. In St. Paul club women of the high class socially, after being entered by an Afro-American club, find themselves not only uncontaminated at filled with respect and admiration or their entertainers; and in St Louis the Wednesday Club, probable; the most important woman's club in whole Louisiana Purchase, is unilling to throw any obstacle in the upward path of sister women, and no menace to society in the recognition of the Afro-American clubs. The success of Republicanism is even out of the nine state which held elections Tuesday, is quite gratifying specially is this so in reference to New York, where Tammany was so completely crushed, despite the enormous corruption fund that was distributed where it was thought it would o the most good. Though we had no articular grounds to base our hopes pon, we had hoped that Kentucky right redeem herself, but alas! she was joined to her idols. Of course mississippi and Virginia were Hellen and nothing could stop them. "God works in mysterious ways His wonders to perform." The Southern people who made suen a mountain of the mole hill of Booker T. W. Washington's dining with the President, have made Mr. Washington a much bigger man than he was before and have brought him to the notice of more people than would ever have paid any particular attention to him. They have made very many people express their honest sentiments, and we find we have good friends where we least expected to find them. Late issues of Southern newspapers, discussing the Booker Washington dinner at the White House, and the trouble over the admission of Afro-American Women's clubs to the General Federation will be interesting reading a quarter of a century from now. The articles in question will, no doubt, seem as strange to the young people of that day, as ante-bellum newspapers containing announcements THE APPEAL: A NATIONAL AFRO-AMERICAN NEWSPAPER THE FELLOW THAT SKINNED TAMMANY. of rewards for runaway slaves are to the youths of this generation. Booker T. Washington has been one of the most advertised men in the country, especially since he dined FUSION REHSE THE F with President Roosevelt, and now the climax is capped by his being advertised as the indorser of one of the most widely advertised patent medi- clines. It seems that he both achieves fame and has fame thrust upon him. Mr. Simon Wolf, of Washington, strikes the keynote of Southern friendship for the North when he says: "The South is very good indeed just so long as it secures what it wants; but the minute you tread on one of its antebellum ideas it operates like the red rag to the bull. TUSKE6EE Annual Report of Principal Booker T Wash- ington. To the Trustees of the Tuskegee Normal And Industrial Institute. and industrial institute: Gentemouth College presents school year 1,253 students have in attendance, and the average attendance has been 1,010. About one-third have been young women and the remainder young men. The average age has been 18%, and none have been female under 14 years of age, and less than 18 years of academic preparation. The students have to us from 29 states and territories, and from 6 foreign countries, including 14 from Cuba and Puerto Rico. Aside from the students just named, who are in the regular industrial, academic and religious departments, there are 160 in the training school, which is taught upon the school grounds and a training school. This training school is attended by the teachers of the town of Tuskegee and the children of our teachers, and is not only used to benefit children of the town, but as a practical practice for those of our students who work in the town during the training class is also maintained in the town of Tuskegee, which has an attendance of 88 students, and is composed of persons who work in the town during the training class. The training class is also maintained in the town of Tuskegee for the benefit of women who are in service. In this cooking school, it is the aim to teach students the methods of preparing and serving food, and the hold duties. Most of those who attend ELLOW THAT SKINNED TAN the afternoon cooking school, also attend the night school. Thirteen are at present attending the afternoon cooking school. Those who are in regular attendance at the institution, together with those in the training school, town night school and the town afternoon cooking school, there is a total of 1,514 students. The number does not include the hundreds of adults who are reached through the Tuskegee Annual Negro Conference, together with its numerous local Negro conferences. In the employ of the school, in the capacity of officers, academic teachers, industrial instructors, assistants, clerks, etc., 109 persons. Since its beginning, 498 persons have received diplomas and certificates of graduation, and these are at work in various fields of usefulness in every part of the South. WORK OF GRADUATES. Aided from those who have graduated, it is more than three thousand who have not remained long enough to receive a diploma or certificate, but who, nevertheless, have been so much benefited from their work, they are doing praiseworthy work. In the early years of the school, the larger proportion of our graduates became teachers. At the present time a very large proportion follow the trade or industry learned at this institution and combine their industrial knowledge with teaching, while still others teach a portion of the year and work at their trade the remainder of the time. The calls that come to us almost daily, not only from the Negro race during the war with white as for our graduates to cause widespread fights of racial ness, are many—more than we can HON. H. P. CHEATHAM Recorder of Devdy, District of Columbia who was Married to M. Branchville Va. Recentlp. supply. The calls from white people for our graduates to take charge of various departments of agriculture, especially numerous. If we had the room and means, we could find opportunities for the greatest usefulness for many times more graduates than we are seeing out. In accordance with a vote of the Trustees, Rev. R. C. Bedford, one of our trustees, is spending a portion of each year in making personal inspection of the work of our graduates and young women in such outdoor industries gardening, horticulture, dairying, beraising and poultry-raising, 's proving quite successful. This is especially true of poultry raising. Several of the women in and around our institution have spent any considerable time at this institution are to be found in idle-ness. Since the entire value of our work is to be tested by the success of our graduates, we feel that we cannot be In this industrial training, we keep specially interested in the emphasizing of those industries at which the students can find immediate employment as soon as they leave us. GROWTH AND EXPANSION OF WORK. The experiment when we began trying some two years ago of giving training to a young woman in such outdoor industries gardening, horticulture, dairying, beraising and poultry-raising, 's proving quite successful. This is especially true of poultry raising. Several of the women in and around our institution have spent any considerable time at this institution are to be found in idle-ness. Among them a henryne. This new building gives us the opportunity of teaching the raising of all kinds of forensic and public health. VESY HELPED SOME MMANY. too careful in keeping in close and accurate touch with the work of those who have been educated here. In several cases graduates of this institution are planting the methods and the spirit of this work in a surprisingly successful manner, on a large scale in various parts of the South. Especially is this true of the school known as the Algebra Institute, at Waugh, Ala.; the Snow Hill Institute, at Snow Hill, Ala.; the Christiansburg Institute, at Cambria, Va.; the Denmark Industrial School, at Denmark, S. C., as well as several others. It is a notable and encouraging fact that in the case of the schools at Snow Hill and Denmark, that the prime movers and encouraging these schools have been More and more each year we are aiming to secure the most promising students from a wide section of territory and to so train them that they will return to their homes and give their communities the benefit of their training. As fact as possible we are encouraging our graduates and others to introduce training in agriculture into the public schools of the South. This we think very important for the schools located in the small towns and rural districts. Ta into taking cheap belief that they Grocers who want peddlers a place as good," "mus Don't be deco most economic Pearlin Talked into taking cheap washing powders in the belief that they are the LINES. Grocers who want to work off unsalable peddlers, prize-givers, etc., all say, "This is just as good," "much cheaper," "same thing." Don't be deceived. The most effective most economical, best made, is Pearline: unequaled Defective Page In this industrial training, we keep specially in mind the emphasizing of those industries at which the students can find immediate employment as soon as possible. GROWTH AND EXPANSION OF WORK. The experiment when we began trying some two years ago of giving training to a portion of our young women in such outdoor industries as sawmilling, raising and poultry-raising, 's proving quite successful. This is 's specially true of poultry raising. Several of the new agricultural build-up, as mentioned above, has been completed. All of these were built-up. needed. Among them a henryery. This new building gives us the opportunity of teaching the raising of all kinds of poultry. All of these friends whose gift made it possible for us to erect the henryery, also enabled us to build a new barn for the dairy cows, and a new dairy house. All of these friends were much needed and put us in a position to do much more effective work. Dorothy Hall, the new Trades' Building for Girls, gives us by friends in New York, to which I made refer- ence to my report, "completed and was dedicated in 1901." This is a very satisfactory building, and puts us in a position to give more effective training to girls than ever before. I friend in Peston, has given us $2,000 to be used in the cove of another training school building, and in Connecticut has given $4,0.0 for a hospital. Both of these buildings are in process of erection and are unque- nified. Morris K. Jesup, o. New York, has given $5,000 for a new barn for horses and mules. This building is also being cons. ucted. Mr. Andrew Carnegie has given $20,000 for a new library building, which has given $5,000 for a ejection. In connection with all these, I am sticking to our original ideas of having practically an of the work done by the labor of the students. In many respects this has been our most prosperous and encouraging year. We show how our financial condition in detail. Very largely through the medium of large meetings held in Boston, New York and Philadelphia and other centers, our own work has not only been kept alive, but has grown and broadened. FINANCIAL. The total amount of money received for these meetings this year has been $189,782.30. Of this amount, $113,104.24 has been used to meet the current expenses of this year, and the remainder to meet prior obligations. The report of the Treasurer will show that the institution is practically free from debt, and friends can feel assured that they give will be used for forwarding to the school, and not in meeting debts. (Continued on Fourth Page.) CASTRO PLANS. (Continued From First Page.) to guarantee the neutrality of the proposed scheme fell through. But Bolivar never needed to receive it from time to time, and it became its principal of his policy. He realized not only the great commercial advantages of a waterway, but the great effect which communication between the Atlantic and Pacific of the Colombian union would have in holding the federation together. A canal across the isthmus would bring all the parts of the country together and consolidate it as nothing else in the world would. The culty of communication between the different parts of the union, owing to the character of the country, tended to foster segregation, against which Bolivar fought. It ensured that the nation into disordered fragmentation. The year of his death, 1530. Bolvar sent engineers to the Isthmus of Panama to lay sieues for a canal. Before they reached the city, laborers, however, the great liberator died in a cemetery dissolved. Bolvar was the father of the idea of an isthmian canal, as he was of the idea of South American unity, and it is, perhaps, a natural coincidence that the year which will in all probability see the canal will not be to be again abandoned until a gateway is complete, sees also the revival of the scene of a Colombian union. A fat man always wants to be Cadaverous and pale. A thin man wants to be round and corr-u-lant-a whale; Dear The man thinks he is too short, the tall man thinks he is with the grapes on his face, and the fellow with the grapes on his face do at all. And that the competition is hard, out and, honor bright. Start out, and come to think he doesn't put in real. Except the man who's very rich, who doesn't put in real. And the live man never wants to swap. With the fellow who has died. FINANCIAL ```markdown ``` The aim of this school is to do practical work in the field of education, the ministry. Its course of study is based on the moral its ideas are high: its work is moral; its work is fresh, systematic, clear, simple. Its work is **COURSE OF STUDY** The required course occupies three years, and covers the lines of work of the teacher, the instruction usually pursued by leading theological colleges in the country, and the courses of the externs. Tuition and room rent are free. The apartments for students are plainly turquoise and hard for seven dollars per month. Building heated by steam. Loans without fees. gifts of friends, are granted to deserving students who do their utmost in the preparation of their degree, grace, gifts, and energy, need be deprived of the advantages now opened to him in the college. Individual scholarships address REV. WILBUR P. KRLD, D. D. President, Atlanta, Ga. ECKSTEIN NORTON UNIVERSITY CARNE Spring, BULLITT County, KY. "Industrial training will set to noticen ten thousand wheels." REPM. J. GIMMORS, D. D., LL. D. Co-founder and First Chancellor. THE LOCATION. The Eckstein Norton University is situated at Case Spring, Ky., twenty-nine miles from Louisville, Ky., in the city of Lansing, and is the only city where the city is connected with the state-the county being what is known as a prohibition county for many years. The building and grounds are on a found waterway. The city is located on the side of the mountain streams, dashing miniature contracts, high mountains, peopled with timber of many varied species. The city is located from the Basile of City life, free from the unhealthy seductions and nurtures of places of vice and unwholesome amusements. The city is located near the city of Quilton, Trafalgar, Tootillow Park, Cullins, Taoloring, Cooking, Buzzin, Clefton, Apiaculture, Foulry Raising, Dress Making, Barber shop, Work Shop in Woods and Metals. Shortland and Type Writing. Fantsizing and water, Musical Conservatory. The above departments are under competent inc a soars and water-smoking in the case of a "crackers" in the city from the fall from October 1st to the 2nd. State University, Chicago Manual Training School; State Institutions, Rhode Island, and other of 622. Gu-classes and studies are arranged that students may be required to complete their health and fitness, and return to complete the course at any future time. The time to do this work is in all departments, consistent with corresponding work in all departments. TERMS. Room, board, fuel, tuition and washing. $8.00 per month. Students may enter at any time in the year. Welcome to the Department of Deserving students may have the privilege of extra room to work on the work they are diting to do. We ask students to work on the rate but on account of the very high character of the work, we offer a discount to both seating. K. y. Levickiewicz may find free accommodation at No. 267, Lone Street, Lovisbury, KY. We offer a small business address the President, Rev. C. H. PARRISH, A. M., CAREN SPRING, FF. PHILANJER SMITH COLLEGE offering superior advantages to those seeking a career in healthcare. Healthy location, strong faculty, extensive courses, reasonable expense. Students of Arkansas. States and from 43 counties of Arkansas. NEXT SESSION BEGINS OCT. 1, 1901. For catalog or further information address REV. J. M. COX, D. D. PRESIDENT. HAMILTON ACADEMY Normal Department. English Course. Total cash expenses $6.50 per month. All bills payable in advance. Government Street, BATON ROUGE, LA is a Christian school. It offers the best facility for education. Nine Seven departments: Classical, Law, Education, Normal, Normal, College Preparatory, Grade, Industrial, Christian, Writt the head, the hand and the heart. For full information address the President. C. M. MELDEN, South Atlanta, Ga. Shaw University RALEIGH, N. C. For both sexes. Departments of Law, Medicine, Engineering, College. College Preparatory, English. Industrial. Year begins Oct. 7. For catalog, circulars and other information address PRES. CHAS. S. MESKVE, RALEIGH, N. C. Fourteen teachers. Elegant and accommodating. Climate unsurpassed. Department prepares for preparation. English, Music, Shorts, Typewriting and industrial Training. **FIFTY DOLLARS IN ADVANCE** WIFITY tutor. Instructor. Incidents and incidents for the entire year. Book per month: tuition $2.00 per term. Send per circuit to the department. Send for circuits to the president. THE MEDICAL SCHOOL OF THE NEW ORLEANS UNIVERSITY Admits Men and Women of All Races. WELL EQUIPPED. THOEOUGH INSTRUCTION. Address 5318 St. Charles, NEW ORLEANS, LOUISIANA. POPULAR MEDICAL HEALTH CHAIRS FEET --- A WEEKS RECORD IN MINNES TA'S CAP! The Saintly City and Saintly City Folk Newy Irons of Sochil, Religious a General Matters Among the People, Be Ded Down. Don't fall to secure a copy of THE APPEAL next week. The hour for the sessions of St. Amce' Sunday school has been changed to 2:30 p. m. For Rent. Two furnished rooms for gentlemen. Apply to Mrs. D. E. Fail- sert. 553 Sibley street. One or two gentlemen rooms wan- ed. Apply at 527 St. Anthony avenue, or at THE APPEAL office. Sunday and during all of next week the bill at the Star will be the Twen- tenth Century Maids company. Mrs. Arch Scott has arrived home after visiting relatives in Chicago, Kalamazoo and M. Pleasant, Iowa. The ladies who are arranging for the annual fair of St. James' A. M. E. church gave a very pleasant social at the fair. The Bik Express Co. now has a large, commodious store house, where furniture or other household goods may be stored at reasonable rates. Have you seen that elegant new moving van of the Bik Express Co? Well, it a corker. Don't forget them when you need any expressing done. Any customers who wish work done or those who have hair work which has not been called for will please call at 553 Sibley street, Mrs. E. J. Allen. The most popular place for people who take their meals down town is John Godfrey's. No. 552 Wabasha street. Everything neat, clean and well cooked. Is your hair straight? If not, send 50 cents to Ozonized Ox Marrow Co. 70 Wabash avenue Chicago, Ill., for 50 cents to Ozonized Ox Marrow and you can easily straighten it. A very pleasant sorce was given by Messers. Will Crayton and Louis Flye at Elite Hall Thursday evening. There was a large crowd present and every one had a most delightful time. If you wish a good shave, hair cut or shampoo call at Richard Cousby's neat shop. No. 274¹½ Minnesota street. First-class workmen only. Satisfies those that need Music for all occasions furnished on short notice. Write to Riley Allen, St. Anthony Hill station, St. Paul, Minn., state the date of your birth and enclose ten cents, and he will send you a wonderful life reading of character, ability and prospects. Elk Express, G. D. Carieston, prop. packing and shipping; hauling of all goods; carrying it large or small quantities. When you wish anything in his line give him a call. Telephone, Main 1920—J. 1. Office 63 East Sixth street. When you're out late at night. And you wish a nice bite of food that will fill you with joys, to aunch wagon go. At Johnson & Williams" "Troquois." To have matter published must get the same in this office not later than Thursday afternoon, otherwise it may be crowded out. No notice will be taken of any communication that is not signed by the author. DR. J. E. PORTER, physician and surgeon, Room 410 Washburn building. Fifth street, opposite Court. House, 410 Washburn building. 4 p. m. 7 to 8 p. m. Telephone Main, 1738-1 J. Residence, 453 Carroll street. Telephone, Dale, 464-13 The invitations for the annual Thanksgiving social of St. Philips' Aid Society, to take place at Twin City Hall on Thursday evening, November 28, have been issued. The entertainment for St. Philips' patrons and only those will be admitted to the hall. Messrs. J. J. Johnson and A. Williams have started a new enterprise in the form of a night lunch wagon, which they have named the "Troquois." They have a stand on Minnesota Street between Seventh and are prepared to serve all comers. Give them a call. The famous chef, John Godley, has moved his boarding house to No. 562 Washea street, between Tenth street and College Avenue, where he has all the modern experiences and better than ever prepared to serve his guests. Board and rooms by the day, week or month at reasonable rates. Meals, 25 cents. Sunday dinners from 1:00 to 5:00 a specialty. Transients accommodated. Andrew Jackson was granted a divorce from his wife, Marie Jackson, in Judge Lewis's court on Thursday. They were married in 1894 and she deserted him in 1896 without just cause. Mr. Jackson is one of the porters at the Union depot, and has the reputation of being an industrious and-worthy young man. He is 28 years of age. The reasons why you should buy your coal, wood, flour, feed, hay, etc. from C. W. Staehle, corner Rice, Carroll and Iglehart streets, is you can generally buy it for less money and get full measure, the best of goods, prompt delivery and in large cr small quantities. It will pay you to try him Chunks. Soft Coal, Coke, Sawed and Spill Wood and Best Hard Coal. Telephone Main 1446. Messrs. Will Crayton and Louis Flye have arranged to give dancing soirees at Elite Hall, No. 317 Wabasha street, on the first and third Thursday of each month during the winter season. Ladies and gentlemen who desire to spend these evenings pleasantly are cordially invited. On other than the evenings mentioned the hall may be rented for balls and other entertainments. Apply to Will Crayton, 418 Wabasha street. Terms very reasonable. "King Dodo" is entertaining Milwaukee this week, and it will open an engagement Sunday evening at the Metropolitan for the first half of the week. Milwaukee papers are praising "King Dodo," and Milwaukee people are filling the Davidson theater. Those St. Paul people that say "The Burgmaster" will know why "King Dodo" is popular. It is by the same authors, Pixley and Luders. The management promises that "King Dodo" will have here the complete Chicago presentation. Established 1832 The Plymouth HATS Only $2.00 Any little newsboy can spot the so-called Bargain Hats that are usually offered around town, but these are not that kind. They are now and stylish HATS, "right up-to-the-minute." They are $4.00, $3.50 and $3.00 qualities. The Improvement Sale price is only $2.00. Wear one of these Hats and nobody will have you beat. See big window display at right of main entrance. The Plymouth Clothing House, 7th and Robert St. APPROPRIATE. Miss Fytt—Why do you call your son Caroussel? Mr. Old Boy—Because he runs ground so much. o He Is Ordered to Pay the Subscription Price. Michael J. Welch will have to pay 14.40 for a paper for which he claims e never subscribed. Monday he brought against him by the Journal and Press of New York, who sued to recover n a subscription. Welch admittedaving received the paper, but deniesat he ever subscribed for same. Sr Knight Charles Britton left last seek for Mexico in search of money. A postal union states that e arrived safe and is feeling quitereached after the journey. pring Schedule on the Nickel Plate Manager Joe W. Spears will present is great force comedy triviumate, the two American Macs and that dainty omediene Mazie Trumbull at the brand the coming week, commencing lively theater in the fall and gearing in their brand new Irish force, the Irish Pawnbrokers, which is add to be by far the best thing they are greeted cordially by the public at the early stage of their professional aburs, they did not presume upon their friendship and settle into a lazy status instead of a more formal, judged notion of larger profits, but instead they have taught the public to regard them as prolific and ardent workers, who are always sure to pre-chares. The widening of this course, practically illustrated in a standard of seem, which rates them second to none in the list of drawing attractions. Among the special features of their work are mechanical effects and costumes demand more than ordinary comment, since they eclipse anything of the kind of up-to-date specialization punctuates course of the farce and leads addition- THE MUSICAL MIX OF THE IRISH PRINTBROKERS "WHAT WILL NEFLAMENT DO TO HIM?" al charm to the performance. In point of a talented company Manager Spears has always kept faith with the public and in this case the admirers of Irish comedy need have no misapprehension. The large one and includes such well known names James Wesley Mac, Wm. Murray Mac, Chas. A. Morgan, Len Delmore, Dick Ferguson, Will M. Talley. The feminine portion will include Maze Trumbull, Mabel Hawthorne, Grace Pass- Lydia Franklin, Ruth Hearn, Lallan Hull, Amie Jones and many others. O faithful unto death! A crown of life is ready for the brow. And joys thou hast no power to picture now Await thy passing breath. —Mrs. S. M. Corning. THE APPEAL: A NATIONAL AFRO-AMERICAN NEWSPAPER The castle of Cl.s, in Treat, at present used as a barracks, contains some very fine frescoes and wall paintings made when the Cardinal von Cles occupied the palace as bishop of the see. They date from 1650 to 1555. Three famous Italian artists were summoned to Cles to beautify the castle—Dosso Dorsi, from Ferara; Romanino, from Brescia, and Figolino, from Vienna. Much of Dosso's work is visible, but part has been unfortunately white-washed over. Three works are now to be restored as tar as possible from restoration. When carefully losses try its spirit sore, And from his hands the treasure tills away. AN EX Census Taker—What is your age, made Miss Giddy—I'll have to count it up. Census Taker—You're pretty good at AN EXPERT. Is your age, madam? To count it up. (After a pause) "I'm pretty good at abstraction, I see. METEORS. AN EXPERT. Census Taker—What is your age, madam? Miss Giddy—I'll have to count it up. (After a pause) "I'm nearly twenty-four." Census Taker—You're pretty good at subtraction, I see. SOME NOTABLE METEORS. Balls of Fire Seen at Opening of Civil war Period. One of the most remarkable meteors recorded in history is known as the New Jersey meteor of November 15, 1859. At 9:30 o'clock in the morning the meteor appeared in the heavens over the southern part of New Jersey. It was so brilliant that, although the sun was unclouded and had an elevation of 20 degrees above the horizon, the flash at rapt attention as far asoth as Albany and Boon and as far as Montreal was apparently downward, and it left behind a cloud of rounded form like a puff of smoke. Soon after the flash a series of teile explis ons was heard like the discharge of a thousand cannon. These were heard throughout Delaware and the greater part of New Jersey. It was computed that the height of this meteor when first seen was sixty miles, and when it expoled its height was over twenty miles. The meteor was over forty miles. It bites this path in two seconds, so that its velocity, relative to that of the earth, was twenty miles per second. The column of smoke resulting from the explosion was a thousand feet in diameter and several miles in earth. On August 2, 1860, about 10 clock at o'clock in a hag, a magnitude PRIVATE. all your son Caroussel! rune around so much. Defective Page MINNEAPOLIS Matters Soalh, Religious and General Which Have Happened and are to Happen. Among the People of the City on the Falls. Room for rent; excelently turned. Apply at 707 E. 18th S. The Business Men's Club will hold a meeting at Guaranty Loan Restaurant on Monday evening. Pride of Minnesota, K. of P. No. 104 Hennepin avenue south. The ladies of Bethesda Baptist church will serve a turkey dinner on Thanksgiving day to which everybody is invited. Miss Anna Peterson, of St. Joseph, Mo. and a graduate of the high school of that city, is visiting her aunt, Mrs. Thomas Scott. Miss M. Jackson, milliner and modiste, ladies' tailoring. French cleaning, and curling feathers. Cleaning No. 1409 South Fifth street. Dr. R. S. Brown has moved his office to Fourth Street, N. building. N. Fourth street south, rooms 405 and 406 Office 'phone N. W. 3271-J I Main. Bethesa Baptist church, Rev. M. W. Withers, pastor. Morning, 10:36, subject: "Where is my brother?" Evening, 8, subject: "Bring Us to God." The Misfit Clothing Parlors is the place to get the best clothes at the lowest prices. They will make them fit you, too. No. 241 Nicollic Ave. The Appeal is mailed to most of the homes of the people of the Twin Cities, and if you wish matters to reach them you must publish them in the Appeal. Mrs. Jessie M. Waters was, on last Monday, in Judge Brooks' court, granted a divorce from her husband, James Waters, and given the custody of their daughter Gladys. A Rag Man's Convention will con- EXPERT. Dam? (After a pause) "I'm nearly twenty-four." subtraction, I see. Little Eddie—Sister, why has that snug Little Sallie—Guess he wants ter reme THE BOOK OF ADVENTURES Little Eddie-Sister, why has that snake got himself tied in a knot? Little Sally-Guess he wants her remember sunshine! vene at the mission of St. James' church, 406 Sixth avenue south, Tuesday night, Nov. 12th. Delegates from all over the country will be present. Admission, 15 cents. Refreshments free. All kinds of fun. Rev. M. W. Witers, or Bethesda Belle, has invited the pastors of the other churches and congregations to unite and hold a union Thanksgiving service. This is in keeping with a custom previously inaugurated. The service was at St. Bethesda. On Sunday, Nov. 17, a mother's meeting will be held at Bethesda church under the auspices of the Adelphal Club. An excellent program has been prepared, which will appear in the act of THE APPEAL. Every lady and gentleman who deserves to attend is cordially invited and urged to be present. St. Blake, Our St. Blake, are cordially invited to come early and stay late. With good music and good order, every effort will be put forth to make the long hours pleasant for all. Central Hall has a balcony with a seating capacity of 500 for those who do not wish to dance. General admission, 50 cents. Same ticket will admit to the evening dance. Minneapolis membership: Robert L. Lewis, Burlington, Sam Crawford, William Morton. St. Paul membership: William Johnson, Lew Wilkinson, Gus Berry Charles Roberts, W. H. Johnson. Ollie Jones, John Jaffe, student; Olivia Stokes, vice president; John Johnson, secretary; Worth Jones treasurer HIS RE Rev. M. W. Withers and family, who have been kept away from their home for nearly four weeks by the quarantine established on account of the contagiousness, have returned to their domicile. They are all very greatful to Mrs. T. B. Bingham, at whose home they found refuge, for the courtesies and kindness extended. Mr. William Donaldson, after an ill-timed week, died on last Tuesday at 4:30 p.m. in the dance of his mother, Mrs. Martha Washington. 2807 Ninth avenue south. The funeral occurred at St. Peter's church. He leaves to mourn his sister, wife of Rev. Hardison, his brother Henry and a host of friends. The music lovers of Minnesota are hereby invited to a song recital which will be given under the management of Mrs. Nelle Hale and Mr. Henry B. School at the hall of the Johnson School, Thursday evening, Nov. 14. A classic has been arranged in which much of OII THESE MANAGERS. Leading Lady (of a stock company)—I really need a vacation. I've been acting now constantly for two years. HIS REASONS. Kind Lady—Why do you wear such ragged clothes? the best local talent will be represented. Y. P. S. C. E. of Bethesda Baptist church every Sunday at 6:30 p.m. on the campus. He is a most excellent peer on the origin, object and purpose of the society which was full of instruction and help to all who heard her. Misses Airline and Ilana also attended the audience with their solos. The young people are especially urged to attend. One of the most unique social affairs of the season was a Halloween party given by the Misses Grey and Harper evening. The parliars were appropriately decorated for the occasion, the doorways being draped in autumn leaves with apples hanging from the branches. As each guest entered, a card was given to the person of a prominent person written thereon. A prize was awarded to the one guessing his name first, while the person the longest time in guessing, was the recipient of the boboy prize. Miss Gertrude James and Mr. Edward Patterson were given the prizes. A dancing program of twelve numbers was played by Mrs. N. Hale, dainty programs in blue and white being given as favors. At a late hour, the tables were cleaned and the brownie served, pink and white emulation adorning the table to carry out the color scheme. In "ye merrie company" were the Misses Marian French, Hulu Howard, Lulu Smith, Fannie James, Bessie Williams, Gertis James, Nellie Brown, Minnie James, Bessie Miles, Mesdames French, Brown, Henley and Howard and Messrs. Carles Williams, Edward James, Carles Williams, Will French, Henley and Hall, Charley French, mark Archer, of St. Paul; and the Misses Weir and Marshall, and Messrs. Allison, Fite, Ralph Gray, Chas, Calm and Robert Marshall of Minneapo FIRST ANNUAL BALL Of the Twin City Social Club Thanksgiving Day. The first annual ball of the Twin City Social Club will be given at Cen- tral Park north, Fort Smith and First Ave. north, Minneapolis. Thanksgiving afternoon and night. Lew Johnson, manager. Thanksgiving dinner will be served from 1 p. m. to 4 p. m. take got himself tied in a knot? member sumthin'. er, Scott Blake. Our St. Paul friends are cordially invited to come early and stay late. With good music and good food, with a large selection, make the long hours pleasant for all. Century Hall has a balcony with a seating capacity of 500 for those who do not want to. General admits to 60 cents. Same time, will admit to the evening dance. Milwaukee's membership: Robert L. Gorman, Gorton, Sam Crawford, Willie "Wilson" St. Paul membership: William Johnson, Lew Wilkerson, Gus Berry, Charles Roberts, W. H. Johnson. Olkary; John Kaukas, president; Oliver Stokes, also president; Lew Johnson, secretary; Worth Jones, treasurer. HIS REAL Come one, come all and have a good time. nificent hall of fire was seen throughout the whole region from Pittsburgh to New Orleans, and from Charleston to St. Louis. It was equal in size to the full moon, and before its disappearance broke into fragments. GUIZOT AND VICTORIA Incident of the Noted Fréchman's Visit to Windsor Castle. For the children's amusement Guizot describes incidents of his life in England, and tells them an anecdote of his first visit to Windsor castle, which he says they must not repeat lest it should bring him into trouble. One can easily imagine how the penny-liner would have enjoyed embroidering on the following story: "On Wednesday evening at Windsor castle the queen retreated at 11 o'clock. We stayed behind talking for half an hour. At midnight I set out to find my own gallery, and I lose myself in the rooms and corridors. At last I slowly fell down and mine, and I see a newly beginning to undress, attended by her maid. I shit the door as fast as I can and begin to search for my own room. It at last find some one who shows me the way, I go to bed. The next day at dinner the queen said to me, laughingly, 'Do you know that you entered my room at midnight?' 'How, ma'am, was it your majesty's door that I half opened?' 'Certainly.' And she began laughing again, and so did I. I told her of my perplexity, which she had already guessed, and I asked whether St. Simon or Sally, I should ever write a memoir, she would allow me to mention that the queen of England that door in Windsor castle at midnight while she was going to bed. She gave me permission and laughed heartily.'-Gentleman's magazine. A King's Walking Sticks The King, like all royal personages, and above all, like all European sovereigns, has a remarkable co lieathing walks sticks, but we may be sure, says the London Sketch, that none, however intrinsically valuable, will in future be more highly prized by him than the original gift from Sir George Dibbs, which is now being brought from Sidney by Lord Jersey. Sir George, a notable New South Wales statesman, occupies his 12 hours in carving and turning, and the King's new walking stick was framed by his own hands in a fine piece of the rare and iron-hard ringdigd wood. The only ornamental in save the natural grain of the wool, is a plain gold band, on which are deeply engraved the words, "The King, God bla him!" Apopos of the King's collection of walking sticks, the sovereign sets a good example in this matter as, in many others, the cane usually carried by him is studiously simple and devoid of any elaborate ornamentation. Protecting Grasslands From Fire. One of the methods of protecting broad grasslands from fire is to burn a swathe called "Fire guard" around the area to be protected. A Montana stockman suggests that this offers a good opportunity for inventors to devise a machine which, paving over the grassland like a horse rake, shall burn the grassland at an angle, about eight or ten feet in space, ready an apparatus of this kind has been invented, using gasoline to set the grass on fire, and a train of steel brushes to extinguish it before it has spread beyond the proper limits, but the stockman thinks that a cheaper machine can be made. "Fire guards" makes it more or in length are desirable. The Uninvited Guests Hamm's Beer is supplied by = Agents everywhere. Hamm's Beer is an excellent table drink! THEO. HAMM BREWING CO. Saint Paul, Minn. Great Special Sale of PIANOS Some that have been used. Others only shopworn. ALL UPRIGHTS. 1 Mahogany Ernèst Gabler nearly new.....$225 1 Mahogany Klimball.....$195 1 Chuckering.....$195 1 Steinway.....$175 1 Ludwig.....$135 1 J. & C. Fischer.....$120 Call on or Write at Once to SW. RAUDENBUSH ALESTER, S. YORK, AND PIERRE ST. S. ST. PAUL, MINN. SMOKE Straiton & Storm Co's NEW FIVE CENT OWL CIGAR! ROCHE'S WINES Dinner Wines. Pontet Claret $1.00 Per quart..... Medoc Claret 75c Per quart..... Cheste field 50c Per quart..... Good Fair Wine 25c Per quart. Telephone Main 1401 ST. PAUL. 367 ROBERT ST. JOHN C. ROCHE MINNEAPOLIS 44 3RD ST. S. Time Is Money You save time and therefore money by using Twin City Telephones. Our thoroughly modern equipment e a nice us to give more pictures of the city and give you want the Twin Cities have here tofore enjoyed. RATES: $2.50 per month for residence $4.00 per month for office. TWIN CITY TELEPHONE CO. Phoenix Building. Dr. W. J. HURD, 81 E. 7th, St. Paul. Pat system of up tracting teeth without pain. 25 years' successful use in thousands of Painted Water Bridges. Crowna, Fili- ings Popular. L. M. BEVANS, Electrotyping and Stereotyping. 51 East Fifth Street. Newphone 1870-6. ST. PAUL, MN. THE "WORLD'S SPIRITICITY" VIEWED BY THE APPEAL MAN. Compilation of a Number of Happenings, Social and Otherwise, Among the Afro-Americans of the Second City of This Glorious Union. Autumn Party, Arlington Hall, Nov. 12. After all the Amateur Minstrel Club's parties are the cleanest cut of all. If you miss the Arlington Hall Autumn Party Tuesday evening you will regret it. Prof. Hall has some new dances in reserve for the Minstrel Club's Autumn Party. The Amateur Minstrel Club's Autumn Party will be the swellest affair of the season. Miss Gertrude Imogene Palmer, solo violinist and teacher, Studio. 690 Austin avenue. The Autumn Party Tuesday evening will crowd Arlington Hall. The elite of Chicago will be present. The Old Folks' Home is a deserving institution, and the county fair next year promises to be a great success. If you are not at the Autumn Party, Arlington Hall, November 12th, you will have to "Go away back and sit down." THE APPEAL is without question the best advertising medium through which to reach the Afro-Americans of Chicago. Nice furnished rooms for gentlemen—South Side; steam heat, bath, etc. Reasonable rates. Apply at APPEAL office. Nice seats for THE APPEAL who wish to discontinue the paper must send written notice to the office properly dated and signed. Mrs. Casey, wife of Dr. Cascar, pastor of Quinn Chapel, is still confined to her home by sickness, to the regret of her numerous friends. Arnault's Select Orchestra will furnish the music at the Arlington Hall Autumn Party given by the well-known Amateur Minstrel Club. The Provident Medical Aid and Burial Association is coming to the front very rapidly. Applications for membership are going in very fast. James A. Scott, attorney-at-law, can be found at THE APPEAL office during business hours. Prompt attention given all legal business entrusted to Mr. and Mrs. Julius N. Avendorph entertained at dinner Tuesday evening, Nov. 5. Mr. Julius W. Fields of Dover, Colo., and Miss Senora Selon. It is said that the Afro-American Business Women's League of Chicago will soon open up a large store on the South Side. What is the Men's branch doing? The Chicagoans and Evanstons will play a game of football for the benefit of the Old Folks' Home Thanksgiving day at Union ball park, Thirty-seventh and Butler. James H. Porter will deliver an address on "Charity" Sunday evening at the Park Baptist church, at which a collection will be raised for the Old Folks' Home. THE APPEAL has fixed advertising rates, and will not cut them in order to secure advertising. However, if the people, advertise in THE APPEAL. Do you want to preach? Learn at home. Send two-cent stamp to Prof. R. B. Hewitt for catalogue of Correspondence Bible School, 2908 Magazine street, New Orleans, La. M. Miss. GRAINGER, 2940 Dearborn street, has opened a news and stationery store, has a number. THE APPEAL can be found on sale each week at Miss Grainger's place. The Autumn Party of the Amateur Minstrel Club at Arlington Hall, Indiana avenue and Thirty-first street, next Tuesday evening, will be one of the annual affairs of the season. General admission, 35 cents. Rev. J. R. Thomas, pastor of Olivet Baptist church and Twenty-seventh streets, and like making a great effort to raise the church debt by the first of the year, with splendid chances of success. The election of a "Colonel" for the new Eighth Regiment of the Illinois Army Guard—composed of Aroha American Guard and an amenable rivalry in military and social circles. Col. Marshall will have opposition in his aspirations. Maj. Jackson, Lt. Col. Johnson and several others will support the position. Jordan Chavis' friends have suggested him for the place. **THOMPSON AND MURPHY WEDDING** Mr. Noah D. Thompson left for Baltimore, Md., last Friday afternoon, evening, on Tuesday evening, November 6, he will attend the Michigan Murphy, of Baltimore, Miss Murphy will be remembered as visiting Chicago during the summer of 1900 as one of the Baltimore four that one of the Chicago leading social circles. After the Chicago reception was held at the residence of the bride's mother, after which the happy couple left for Philadelphia, they will spend a few days, arriving home Sunday morning, November 10th. The Young Ladies' Culture Club celebrated Halloween by giving a party at the residence of Mr. and Mrs. J. Bateman, 345 Dsarst Street. Quite a pleasant time was had in answering a pleasant conundrum and playing the late Halloween game. Annie J. Ferguson and Arthur Anderson the two prizes for answering the most conundrums. Among those present were: Misses Daisy Hoggett, Bell Davis, Lorena McSoucher, Nina B. Davis, Lorena McSoucher, Daryn Duncan and Annie J. Ferguson; Alexander, A. Dorch, Peter King Le Anderson, Arthur Anderson, John Trube and Mr. Miller. Mince's Truss to TREASURE "The City Club," for twelve years, the acknowledged standard by which all young ladies take a pattern, w play an engagement, w Tricader, h home of the good shows, during the coming week, and lovers handsome faces, pretty forms and algec, can pluck up heart and secr, where all these charms a offer to, and the instrument will right in with them. CASH OR CREDIT WE WANT NO MONEY! ```markdown ``` St. H. By Day The more between leaves reaches comfort. Ask Your T change for part payment on a new or pay down on a stove elsewhere you can of furniture, carpets or other necessary payment will answer on the whole pu St. Paul Houseful 133-135 East Seve change for part payment on a new one. The amount you will pay down on a stove elsewhere you can include on your bill of furniture, carpets or other necessary household goods—Same payment will answer on the whole purchase. "You to Everyone sm strictly High DUK PARM CIGA HART & M MNFRS. ST.P. "You too?" Everyone smokes the strictly High Grade DUKE OF PARMA CIGARS HART & MURPHY, MNFRS. ST. PAUL, MINN. Daylight Along the The most beautiful river scene between St. Paul and Chicago. leaves Minneapolis 7:30. St. I reaches Chicago at 9:35 p.m. comfortable trip. By Daylight Along the Mississippi The most beautiful river scenery in the world is between St. Paul and Chicago. Our "Scenic Express" leaves Minneapolis 7:30, St. Paul 8:05 a.m., and reaches Chicago at 9:35 p.m. An interesting and comfortable trip. Ask Your Home Agent to Ticket You by the Burlington. The Plymouth In the Great Shoe Salesroom. Emperor $3.50 C The Plymouth HA SE The Plymouth Clothing House, Seventh and Robert. HAVE SEEN YOU THE GordonHat Bowlby & Co., The Boston 6th & Robert. Headquarters for the Gordon. start payment on a new one. The amo a stove elsewhere you can include here carpets or other necessary household answer on the whole purchase. Paul Housefurnishing 83-135 East Seventh Street CASH OR CREDIT You too? everyone smokes it strictly High Grade DUKE OF PARMA CIGARS ART & MURPHY NFRS. ST. PAUL, MN Burlington Route Night Along the Mist a beautiful river scenery in the st. Paul and Chicago. Our "Scenic uneapolis 7:30. St. Paul 8:05 a. chicago at 9:35 p. m. An intere e trip. The "Emperor" is the best of all the $3.50 Shoes for men, made especially for us in all leatherhouses on the latest and most modern up-to-dare lasts. It is a pleasure to guarantee a shoe that will uphold every claim made for it, giving the utmost comfort and satisfaction. We claim that a Shoe of equal value cannot be had for equal money, no matter where you go. A new pair for any pair that goes wrong. The "Empress" is likewise the best of all the $3.50 Shoes for women. Get one of our Original Monitor Ranges or Heaters on trial. Don't Pay for it until you are satisfied. We offer the most economical in fuel, quick bakers and guaranteed 15 years. Why do we make this liberal offer? Because in 1982 we started a 20-years the Monitor Range has been used by thousands of St. Paul people and not a single complaint has been registered. We work closely with our customers in cases of misfortune in family, loss of position, or other reverses, and extend liberal time to those who want to take your old stove in. The amount you will in include here on your bill very household goods—Same purchase. Furnishing Co., North Street. MONEY! one of our Original Ranges or Heat-trial. Don't Pay until you are satis-fied. Route Ranges are cost-economical in quick bakers and speed 15 years. Do we make this policy? city of this ever-popular company—to give only the best and brightest, regardless of expense. There will be supe- pared-biting pictures with an all- of an ar-rivaled quality. Two magnificent burlesques, headed by such-shaped wom- en and stately heles as Dell Ordlan and Langtry Ashton, will open and concludes the will, will end the names of "The City Club at the Seaside" and "At the Pan-American," af- ford unlimited diversion. The vau- ville list promises well, and will include, among others, the three Lane stakers, eclectic souls, writer, Ben Sand and Watson, comedians; the three Gardners, all-round entertainers, and several other clever numbers. The Benedict Club entertained its members at a progressive whist party Thursday evening, October 31st, at the palatial home of Mr. and Mrs. Robert Davis, 5401 Wabuah avenue. The parapets were beautifully decorated with American floral designs. Robert H. Hardin had the honor of winning the first prize, a handsome cut glass dish. Mr. Avendorph was the guest of boboy. After the presentation of the prize were served by Caterer Weir. The members present were: Mr. and Mrs. Julius N. Avendorph, Prof. and Mrs. William Amendor, Mr. and Mrs. F. B. Willem Amendor, Mr. and Mrs. Mr. and Mrs. Jack Turnley, Mr. and Mrs. Robert H. Hardin, Mr. and Mrs. D. R. Lawrence, Mr. and Mrs. Chas. M. Washington, Mr. and Mrs. Ed. Mead, Mr. and Mrs. Robert Davis, Mr. and Mrs. Morris J. Davis, Mr. and Mrs. Julius W. Fields, of Denver College and Miss Senora Seldon and Mrs. Rose, of New Orleans, La., and H. J. Mitchell. TOUGHEST NOTES The magnificent attendance with which the school is favored is testimony as to the confidence the people of the country have in it. Already we been compelled to refuse to accept the students. The quarters for young men are also all but exhausted. Training in agriculture has become such an important part of the work of this institution that an addition costing $10,000 being made to our Agricultural Bureau. This will enable us to give more and broader work in agricultural training. The division of basket-making added to the Department of Industries for girls for the year starts off with a promise of being one of the important divisions of the school. Miss Carrie C. Smith, who comes to us from Hampton, has charge of this work. GEO. H. MAYS, JR. AGENISWANTED We are Western headquarters for high grade subscription books and magazines by Afro-American authors. Our agents are doing well because our people want good books. For partic- Fewer Among Germans Than Formerly, More Among Negroes Two peculiarities are shown in the recently published figures of suicides in American cities—the recession of natives of Germany from the head of the list which they long held, and an increase in the number of suicides among colored people. In the last published report on the subject in this city, all horrors, it was seen for the first time that there were more suicides in the United States than by those of Germany, the parity was very small. The change is explained in part by the fact that while the number of German men who commit suicide is larger than that of male-suicides of any other country, suicide by German women is comparatively rare and gets rarer each year. The suicides of colored people have more conspicuously observed in the south than in northern cities; the population is small and not increasing, and the explanation of it is found in a single phrase, city life. Colored residents of farms or small towns seldom commit or attempt suicide; in the large cities, where the struggle for existence is under conditions most unfavorable to colored men, that a few of them overcome their repugnance to the threat of violence. In proportion to the total number of Englishmen residing in the United States are very much more frequent than among residents of Irish birth. Among male natives of France and Switzerland in the United States the rate of suicides is high; among women from France or Switzerland there is practically none at all. in respect to the number of suicides compared with the people of Chicago and Franklin rank highest among American cities. Baltimore and Richmond are low on the list. In New York city the ratio of suicides is higher in Queens than in The Bronx—New York Sun. TUSKEGEE Continued from Zed Bar **Continued from 2nd Pair.** Since January 2014, we have received for special buildings and other designated purposes in the direction of improving the **muant**, $28,008.25. At the time of my last report the Endowment Fund amounted to $158,254. Since that time this fund has been a whole of this fund is invested in safe and conservative securities by our Endowment Fund Committee in New York. This committee consists of Mr. Hill, Baldwin, 51, 128 Broadway, New York. Mr. Hill has a whole of this fund is invested in safe and conservative securities by our Endowment Fund Committee in New York. The average interest now being received upon our Endowment is about 4½ per cent. The amount received from all sources, for all purposes, $121,529.08. It now costs annually to operate the institution in all its departments not far from $100,000. To meet this annual expense we are not measured of the following amounts: $4,500.00 from the Pedoboy Fund. $1,600 from the Pedoboy Fund. $800 A. U. Boston. $2,000 from students' entrance fees. $12,000 from the John F. Slater Fund. $2,000 from the Woman's Home Mission Association. We will well as other smaller amounts. Added to these is the interest of our Endowment Fund, which is about $11.5 million making up of the $32,070 that we can afford with our certainty, leaving approximately $88,090 to be raised each year in order to meet the current expenses of the. This money is secured mainly in the form of gifts, individuals, Sunday schools and churches and other organizations in all parts of the country. Burlington Route trains. Leaving Minneapolis on the Seenic Express in the morning, there is a 300 mile ride to Mississippi reaching Chicago 9:35 p.m. Leaving in the evening on the Limited, you have the finest Electric lighted train in the world, reaching Chicago 9:25 next morning. ASK YOUR HOME AGENT FOR TICKETS VIA THE BURLINGTON EVERY Mother With a family to buy Shoes for should trade here. Every advantage is offered as regards style and low price. EVERY CHILD NEEDS SHOES. Misses' Tan Shoes, in all the new spring styles, for $1.25, $1.35 and $1.75. Children's Tan Shoes, new leathers and pretty shapes, for 49c, $5c, 90c, $1.25 and $1.50. For the new spring styles, SEE OUR WINDOWS. TREADWELL SHOE CO. 129-131 E. SEVENTH ST. BETWEEN JACKSON & ROBT WONDERFUL DISCOVERY BEFORE AND AFTER TREATMENT. OZONIZED OX MARROW The only safe preparation in the world that makes kinky or curly hair straight as shown above. It nourishes the scalp, prevents hair from falling out or breaking off, cures dandruff and makes the hair grow long. Sold over 40 years and used by thousands. Warranted harmless. Beware of imitations. Get the Original Ozonized Ox Marrow. As the genuine never fails to keep the hair straight, soft and beautiful. Only 50 cents. Sold by druggists or send us 50¢ for one bottle. $1.40 for three bottles, we pay all express charges. Send postal or express money order. Write your name and address plainly to OZOXIELD OX MARROW CO., 26 Wash. Ave., Chicago. Lindeke's Apple & Blossom Flour STANDS ALONE. TUXEDO Man's Shoes $ 3,50 That's the whole length of the suit. And there's no limit, either as statistic, size or suit length. Every worthy sort here. Come — and get full money's worth. TREAT BROS 106 E. 4th St. current expenses leaves out of account the money needed for buildings, machinery and other improvements of the plant. Two-fifths of the total amount received during the past two years has gone in the permanent plant and Enclosure. We have a right, I think, to point with pride to the small average cost of educating our students. The total number of students reached being about $110,000, charged being about $110,000 brings the whole cost for each individual to $73. The greater proportion of what the students pay is the cost they have paid toward their expenses in labor this year, $67,291.15. Every effort is constantly being made to reduce the expenses of the in- At this point I cannot refrain from mentioning our indebtedness to six friends whose quiet, unrestricted generosity and great burden from our shoulders and place the institution in the position where it can accomplish much more good than has ever been true in its history. In sorry that I cannot have the pleasure of teaching this they forbid. It is a rare and beautiful privilege for us to have this touch with those souls who hide themselves behind their deeds of generosity. Among our most pressing needs at present are an Endowment Fund of at least $500,000 (towards which $250,000 has been secured). Scholarships of $50 a year to pay for each student. ($20 enables a student to spend four years' curse. $1,000 creates a permanent scholarship, the interest from which pays for the education of a student for all time). Money in any amount and current expenses; even $1 helps us. $20,000 for a Girl's Dormitory. $20,000 for a Boy's Dormitory. $12,000 for an Administration Building. $1,200 each for two Teachers' Cottages. $500 each for six Teachers' Cottages. $200 for a central heating system. $10,000 for a drainage system. $10,000 for the completion of 'Boys' Trades' Building. $2,000 for Commissary Building. $10,000 for better equipment of industries. $10,000 for an addition to Alabama Hall. MISCELLANEOUS. Since my last report we have lost by death Mr. Henry C. Davis, of Philadelphia, one of our trustees and most helpful朋友. Mr. Collins, ofington, of New York, has also passed away. Mr. Huntington's interest began with the early history of the institution, and continued to increase till the school has lost one of its strongest friends. Perhaps the most important event that occurred during the year is a visit by Mr. Collins to people interested in the education of both races. This party, known as the "Ogden Party," came here as the guests of Mr. Robert C. Ogden, one of our trustees, and I feel sure that their visit result in much good to the whole South. The spirit of industry is so strongly lodged in the minds and hearts of the students that every student upon our rolls pursues some branch of industry. In addition to other studies. Every student of graduates has received such training in some branch of industry as will enable him to earn his living. In conclusion I wish to add a thought which I have tried to express before, and that is, more and more, each year I feel that agriculture should be made, a very large degree, the basis for our work, the best situation of my race will largely rest upon the ability and willingness to secure and cultivate properly the soil. I believe that everything possible should be done to enlarge and increase the efficiency of our agricultural department. In this range, I am glad to add that arrangement, have been to reserve three acres of land around the training school to be used in giving agricultural training to the smallest children. My feeling grows stronger each year that perhaps in the heat of passion, growing out of racial and sectional prejudices, we have not always given the southern people due credit for the improvement of the land. I ordered the Negro during the period that he was a slave. The Negro as a slave was started on the foundation of agriculture, mechanics and household arts. Brush it thoroughly and hard, and to the would be good to be more limited his in all cases to the academic and religious training. I do believe that if I am a help that a number of years to it, in our methods of education, to give great attention to these fundamental occupations. In proportion as one owns the soil and has the mastery of these fundamental occupations, in the proportion does he lay the foundation of the highest and most complete development of himself and children. When we consider the past I regard that from every point of view the problems of the satisfactory and the relation of the satisfacouraging. It is the duty of all patriotic and conservative citizens to see that present conditions are not dissatisfactory, racial and unnecessary legislation. Respectfully submitted, BOOKER T. WASHINGTON, Principal, Tuskegee, May 30, 1901. TRUSTEES. Mr. George W. Campbell, President, Tuskegee, G. L. Chaney, Vice President, Loomism, Mass. Rev. R. C. Redford, Secretary, Beloit Wls. Mr. Warren Logan, Treasurer, Tuskegee, Ala. Mr. Lewis Adams, Tuskegee, Ala. Mr. Charles W. Hare, Tuskegee, Ala. Mr. Booker T. Washington, Tuskegee. Mr. John C. Grant, LL. D., Chicago III. Mr. J. W. Adams, Motgommery, Ala. Rev. George A. Gordon, D. D., Boston, Mass. Rev. Charles F. Dole, D. D., Boston Mass. Mass. N. Y. Mr. S. C. Dizer, Boston. Mass. M. Hamilh B. Hidwin, New York. N. Y, New York. Mr. R. O. Simpson, Furman, Ala. Mr. H. H. Hanna, Indianaapolis, Ind. Mr. Geo. Foster Peabody, New York, N. Y. Mr. Robert C. Ogden, New York, N. Y. FORM OF REQUEST. I give and devise to the Trustees of the Tuskegee Normal and Industrial institute, Tuskegee Alabama, the sum of dollars, pay- ridge, etc. ST. PAUL. MINNESOTA, A. F. AND A. M. Journey to New England Master. 622 Boston Bike, Minneapolis, Min. W. R. Monna, Grand Secretary. 617 Guaranty Bidge, Minneapolis, Min. PIONEER LODGE NO. 1, A. F. AND A. M., meets first and third Mondays of each month at Minnesota Hall, No. 316 Wabashoe street, at 8:00 P.M., H. G. Johnson, W. M.; W. A. Hillyard, Sec., 124 Atwater St. PERFECT ASHLAR LODGE NO. 40, A. F. and A. M., meets second and fourth Tuesdays at Massie Hall, No. 319 Wabashoe St. at 8:00 P.M., B. R. B. Durant, W. M.; J. H. Sherwood, Sec., 475 Martin St. MARS LODGE, NO. 2202 meets second and fourth Wednesday in each month for business and the third Wednesday for in-struction at Odd Fellow's Hall, 233 E. Seventh St. Val Do Turner, N. G.; T. E. Hickman, P. S., 422 St. Anthony Ave. HOUSEHOLD OF RUTH, NO. 553, G. U. of C. E. meets first and third Monday in each month for business; second Monday for instruction, at Odd Fellow's Hall, 233 E. Seventh St. Mrs. Lillian A. Turner, M. N. G.; Mrs. Oda M. Johnson, W. E., No. 502 Rice Street. ST JAMES' A. M. E. CHURCH, cor- Faller and Jay streets. Sunday services: Wednesday, 8:30 p.m. in the church meeting. 8:30 p.m. in the pastor visits on Monday and Tuesday; at home Wednesday and Saturday. Sunday services: skid attended on notice. Rev. J. C. Anderson, Pastor, 328 Louis St. POLLIRM BAPTIST CHURCH, Cor- ning at 11 a.m. and 7:45 p.m. in the sunday prayer meeting. Sunday services: general prayer meeting. Friday evening study Sunday school lesson. Funerals D. D. Carter, Pastor, 539 Eiffel St. ST. PHILIP'S ENSOGICAL MOSCOLI- corner Aurora avenue and Mackinbush street Sunday services: Early celebration of Holy Holy Eucharist first and third Sundays, 8:30 a.m. in the church, second and fourth Sundays, 8:30 a.m. in the church, fourth p.m. Brotherhood of St. Andrew, 6:30 p.m. in the church, confirmation class, 8:30 Fridays, evening prayer, 8:30 p.m. in the sunday prayer class, 8:30 p.m. in the CAVIERT, Sect. 570, Central School. MINNEAPOLIS K. R. H. ABP LARPON. Ne. movies and anime Mason's street between Hempepell and Nicollet Mason's in good standing. Always welcome. HARRY BURNET. New Medical Block Mason's house and A. A. Mason's the Bain House and A. A. Mason's Mason's Hall Second street between Towns. A. A. Mason's in good standing. W. A. Mason's. See Secretary Kangwon. MINNEAPOLIS Q. U. O. O. C. A. BY AIRPORT, Loos, No. 3877, meets the law institution of business, seconded four Wesleyan street or instruction, at the hall. Second street, near Niellet and Irisampine. N. N. JANE A. SON, T. P. S., P. O. LIN 32 KNIGHTS OF PYFIHAS MARY TURNER, No. 3, L. of P. meats in good standing welcome. At Lester R. Fourth and P. gish A. A. W. JACKSON, C. O JON. A. SON, C. R. and G. PRINCE OF MUNKER, No. 1, K. of P. meats in good standing welcome. At Hare boutines in good standing welcome. At Hare boutines in good street between Harets and I. Ave. FRED'S ORIGINAL O. & R. B. WARR. K. R. and S. BIDDLE CIRCLE No. 88 LAMES Ou T. S. 8 A. Meets the first and third Tuesday after Gerald Post Hall Wabasha Street KAYER HALL St. 450, Cedar Falls KAYER HALL St. 450, Cedar Falls EXTRA QUALITY BUNLAP & CO. THE OF MYSTERY IS A true Claixton and Trace Median who understands all secrets and reveals all mysteries. Tells past, present and future without your presence. Describes all persons who are interested to you in Removes all obstacles, prevents troubles, gives help in marriages, law and chance. Separates and unites. 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