The Appeal

HOUSEWIVES' HEADQUARTERS THE EMPORIUM QUALITY CANDIES - SAINT PAUL ALL NECESSITIES FOR THE HOME VOL. 38 NO. 7 Some Aspects of the Farmers' Problems By BERNARD M. BARUCH (Reprinted from Atlantic Monthly) The whole rural world is in a ferment of unrest, and there is an unparalleled volume and intensity of determined, if not angry, protest, and an ominous swarming of occupational conferences, interest groupings, political movements and propaganda. Such a turmoil cannot but arrest our attention. Indeed, it demands our careful study and examination. It is not likely that six million aloft and ruggedly independent men have come together and banded themselves into active unions, societies, farm bureau, and so forth, for no sufficient cause. Investigation of the subject conclusively proves that, while there is much overstatement of grievances and misconception of remedies, the farmers are right in complaining of wrongs long endured, and right in holding that it is feasible to relieve their ills with benefit to the rest of the community. This being the case of an industry that contributes, in the raw material form alone, about one-third of the national annual wealth production and is the means of livelihood of about 49 per cent of the population, it is obvious that the subject is one of grave concern. Not only do the farmers make up one-half of the nation, but the well-being of the other half depends upon them. So long as we have nations, a wise political economy will alm at a large degree of national self-sufficiency and self-containment. Rome fell when the food supply was too far removed from the belly. Like her, we shall destroy our own agriculture and extend our sources of food distantly and precariously. The farmers are well and fairly paid for their services. The farm gives the nation men as well as food. Cities derive their vitality and are forever renewed from the country, but an impoverished countryside exports intelligence and retains unintelligence. Only the lower grades of mentality and character will remain on, or seek, the farm, unless agriculture is capable of being pursued with contention and self-sufficiency, to embitter and impoverish the farmer, is to dry up and contaminate the vital sources of the nation. The war showed convincingly how dependent the nation is on the full productivity of the farms. Despite herculean efforts, agricultural production kept only a few weeks or months ahead of consumption, and that only by increasing the acreage of certain staple crops at the cost of reducing that of others. We ought not to forget that lesson when we ponder on the farmer's problems. They are truly common problems, and there should be no attempt to deal with them as if they were purely selfish demands of a clear-cut group, antagonistic to the community. Rather should we be more aware of the light of broad national policy, just as we consider oil, coal, steel, dystuffs, and so forth, as sinners of national strength. Our growing population and a higher standard of living demand increasing food supplies, and more wool, cotton, hides, and the rest. With the disappearance of free or cheap fertile land, additional acreage and increased yields can come only from costly effort. This we need not expect from an impoverished or unhappy rural population. It will not do to take a narrow view of the rural discontent, or to appraise it from the standpoint of yesterday. This is peculiarly an age of flux and change and new deals. Because a thing always has been so no longer means that it is righteous, or always shall be so. More, perhaps, than ever that all human relations can be improved by taking thought, and that it is not becoming for the reasoning animal to leave his destiny largely to chance and natural incidence. Prudent and orderly adjustment of production and distribution in accordance with consumption is recognized as wise management in every business but that of farming. Yet, I venture to say, there is no other industry in which it is so important to the public—to the city dweller—that production should be sure, steady, and increasing, and that distribution should be in proportion to the need. The unorganized farmers naturally act blindly and impulsively and, in consequence, felt and dearth, accompanied by dislike of price-variations, harass the consumer, and potatoes rot in the fields because of crop production, and there is a scarcity of the things that have been displaced to make way for the expansion of the potato acreage; next year the published farmers mass their fields on some other crop, and potatoes enter the class of luxuries; and so on. Agriculture is the greatest and fundamentally the most important of our American industries. The cities are but the branches of the tree of national life, the roots of which go deep into the land. We all flourish or decline with the farmer. So, when we of the cities read of the present universal distress of the farmers, of a slump of six billion dollars in the farm value of their crops in a single year, of their inability to meet mortgages or to pay current bills, and how, seeking relief from their lills, they are planning to form proofs "matured farmers" strikes, and demand legislation abolishing grain exchanges, private cattle markets, and the like, we ought not hastily to brand them as economic heretics and highwaymen, and hurat it being large being seekers of special privilege. Rare are the questions: ask if their trouble is not ours, and see what can be done to improve the situation. Purely from self-interest, if for no higher motive, we should help them. All of us want to get back permanently to "normality"; but is it reasonable to hope for that condition unless our greatest and most basic industry can be put on a sound and solid permanent foundation? The farmers are not sure but are they not right in demanding that they be placed on an equal footing with the buyers of their products and with other industries? Let us then, consider some of the farmer's grievances, and see how far they are real. In doing so, we should remember that, while there have been, and still are, instances of purposeful abuse, the subject should not be approached with any general imputation to existing distributive agencies of deliberately intentional oppression, but rather with the conception that the marketing of farm products has not been modernized. An ancient evil, and a persistent one, is the undergrading of farm products, with the result that what the farmers sell as of one quality is resold as of a higher. That this sort of chicaneasy should persist on any important scale in these days of business integrity would seem almost incredible, but there is much evidence that it does so persist. Even as I write, the newspaper announces the suspension of several firms from the New York Produce Exchange for exporting to Germany as No. 2 wheat a whole shipload of grossly inferior wheat mixed with oats, chaff and the like. Another evil is that of inaccurate weighing of farm products, which, it is charged, is sometimes a matter of dishonest intention and sometimes of protective policy on the part of the local buyer, who fears that he may "weigh in" more than he "weighs in." A greater grievance is that at present the field farmer has little or no control over the time and conditions of marketing his products, with the result that he is often underpaid for his products and usually overcharged for marketing service. The difference between what the farmer receives and what the consumer pays often exceeds all possibility of justification. To cite a single illustration. Last year, according to figures attested by the railways and the growers, Georgia watermilner-raisers received on the average 7.5 cents for a melon, the railroads got 12.7 cents for carrying it to Baltimore and the consumer paid one dollar, leaving 79.8 cents for the service of marketing and its risks, as against 20.2 cents for growing and transporting. The hard annals of farm-life are replete with such commentaries on the crudeness of present practices. Nature prescribes that the farmer's "goods" must be finished within two or three months of the year, while financial and storage limitations generally compel him to sell them at the same time. As a rule, other industries are in a continuous process of finishing goods for the markets; they distribute as they produce, and they can produce production without too great injury to the community; but if the farmer restricts his output, it is with disastrous consequences, both to himself and to the community. The average farmer is busy with production for the major part of the year, and has nothing to sell. The bulk of his output comes on the market at once. Because of lack of storage facilities and of financial support, the farmer cannot carry his goods through the year and dispose of them as they are currently needed. In the great majority of cases, farmers have to entrust storage—in warehouses and elevators—and the financial carrying of their products to others. Farm products are generally marketed at a time when there is a congestion of both transportation and finance—when cars and money are exchanged, in outcome, in many instances, is the farmers not only sell under pressure, but are compelled to take further reduction in net returns, in order to meet the charge for the service of storing, transporting, ing, and ultimate marketing—which charges they claim, are often excessive, bear heavily on both consumer and producer, and are under the control of those performing the services. It is true that they are relieved of the risks of a changing market by selling at once; but they are quite will- THE APPEAL. ing to take the unfavorable chance, if the favorable one also is theirs and they can retain for themselves a part of the service charges that are uniform, in good years and bad, with high prices and low. eral good than in the case of other industries. The spirit of American democracy is unalterably opposed, alike to enacted special privilege and to the special privilege of unequal opportunity that arises automatically. self sufficient and did not depend upon, or care very much, what the great world was doing. The result is that the agricultural group is almost as much at a disadvantage in dealing with other economic groups as the form While, in the main, the farmer must sell, regardless of market conditions, at the time of the maturity of crops, he cannot suspend production in toto. He must on producing if he is to go on living, or if the world is to exist. He can do is to curtail production a little more than that—because he is in the dark as to the probable demand for his goods—may be only to jump from the frying pan into the fire, taking the consumer with him. Even the dairy farmers, whose output is not seasonal, complain that they and themselves at a disadvantage in the market, because the product is especially raw milk, because of the high costs of distribution, which they must ultimately bear. Now that the farmers are stirring, thinking, and uniting as never before to eradicate these inequalities, they are subjected to stern economic lectures, and are met with the accusation that they are demanding, and are the recipients of, special privileges. Let us see what privileges the government has conferred on the farmers. Much has been made of Section 6 of the law, which requires that a citizen be reported to permit them to combine with immunity, under certain conditions. Admitting that, nominally, this exemption was in the nature of a special privilege,—though I think it was so in appearance rather than in fact, we find that the courts have nullified it by judicial interpretation. Why should not the farmers be permitted to accomplish by co-operative methods what other businesses are already doing by co-operation in the form of incorporation? If it is not by fusion of existing corporations or otherwise—a corporation that controls the entire production of a commodity, or a large part of it, why is it not proper for a group of farmers to unite for the marketing of their common products, either in one or in several selling agencies? Why should it be right for a hundred thousand corporate shareholders to direct 25 or 30 or 40 percent of their capital to a hundred thousand co-operative farmers to control a no larger proportion of the wheat crop, or cotton, or any other product? The Department of Agriculture is often spoken of as a special concession to the farmers, but in the commercial results, it is of as much benefit to the buyers and consumers of agricultural products as to the producers, or even more. I do not suppose that anyone opposes the benefits that the farmers derive from the educational and research work of the department, or the help that it gives them in working out products, in developing better yielding varieties through breeding and selection, in introducing new varieties from remote parts of the world and adapting them to our climate and economic condition, and in devling practical measures for the elimination or control of dangerous and destructive animal and plant diseases, insect pests, and the like. All these things manifestly tend to stimulate and enlarge production, and their general beneficial effects are obvious. It is complained that, whereas the law restricts Federal Reserve banks to three months' time for commercial paper, the farmer is allowed six months on his notes. This is not a special privilege, but merely such a recognition of business conditions as makes it possible for country banks to do business with country people. The crop farmer has only one turnover a year, while the merchant and manufacturer have many. Incidentally, I note that the Federal Reserve Board has just authorized the Federal Reserve Bank for a period of six months to conform to the nature of the business. The Farm Loan banks are pointed to as an instance of special government favor for farmers. Are they not rather the outcome of laudable efforts to equalize rural and urban conditions? And about all the government does there is to help set up an administrative organization and lend a little credit at the start. Eventually the farmers will provide all the capital and carry all the liabilities themselves. It is true that Farm Loan bonds are a form of bond bodies of municipal light and traction plants, and new housing is to be exempt from taxation, in New York, for ten years. On the other hand, the farmer reads of plans for municipal housing projects that run into the billions, of hundreds of millions annually spent on the merchant marine; he reads that the railways are being favored with increased rates and virtual guarantees of earnings by the government, with the result to him of an 'increased toll on all that he sells and all that he buys. He hears of many manifestations of governmental concern for particular industries and interests. Rescuing farmers from traction plants is particularly the benefit of the country as a whole, but what can be of more general benefit than encouragement of ample production of the principal necessities of life and their even flow from contented producers to satisfied consumers? While it may be conceded that special governmental aid may be necessary in the general interest, we must all agree that it is difficult to see why governmental aid should be the contribution of farm products are not accorded the same opportunities that are provided for other businesses; especially as the enjoyment by the farmer of such opportunities would appear to be even more contributory to the gen- eral good than in the case of other industries. The spirit of American democracy is unalterably opposed, alike to enacted special privilege and to the special privilege of unequal opportunity that arises automatically from the failure to correct glaring economic inequalities. I am opposed to the injection of government into business, but I do believe that it is an important and democratic government to equalize oppression as far it is within its power to do so, whether by the repeal of archeal statutes or the enactment of modern ones. If the anti-trust laws keep the farmers from endeavoring scientifically to integrate their industry while other industries find a way to meet modern conditions without violating such statutes, then it would seem reasonable to find a way for the farmers to meet them under the same conditions. The farmer operate equally in fact. Repairing the farm is on one side on no side is injustice to the other side which is in good repair. We have traveled a long way from the old conception of government as merely a defensive and policing agency; and, regulative, corrective, or equalizing legislation, which apparently is of a special nature, is often of the most general beneficial consequences. Even the First Congress passed a tariff act that was avowedly for the protection of manufacturers; but a protective always has been extended as a means of protecting farmers through a particular approach; and the statute books are filled with acts for the benefit of shipping, commerce, and labor. Now, what is the farmer asking? Without trying to catalogue the remedial measures that have been suggested in his behalf, the principal proposals that bear directly on the improvement of his distributing and marketing relations may be summarized as follows: First: storage warehouses for cotton, cotton and obsolete and elevators for grain, of sufficient capacity to meet the maximum demand on them at the peak of the marketing period. The farmer thinks that either private capital must furnish these facilities, or the state must erect and own the elevators and warehouses. Second: weighing and grading of agricultural products, and certification thereof, to be done by impartial and disinterested public inspectors (this is already accomplished to some extent with elevators and weighers and graders), to eliminate overcrowding, and more grading and to facilitate the utilization of the stored products as the basis of credit. Third: a certainty of credit sufficient to enable the marketing of products in an orderly manner. Fourth: the Department of Agriculture should collect, tabulate, summarize, and regularly and frequently publish and distribute to the farmers, full information from all the markets of products, as well as informed of their selling position as buyers now are of their buying position. Fifth: freedom to integrate the business of agriculture by means of consolidated selling agencies, co-ordinating and co-operating in such way as to put the farmer on an equal footing with the large buyers of his products, and with commercial relations in other industries. When a business requires specialized talent, it has to buy it. So will the farmers; and perhaps the best way for them to get it would be to utilize some of the present machinery of the largest established agencies dealing in farm products. Of course, if he wishes, the farmer may go further and engage in flour-milling and other manufactures of food products. In my opinion, however, he would be wise to stop here and try to find a greater may be opposed to all great institutions in justice, should they be forbidden to the farmer and permitted to other? The corporate form of association cannot now be wholly adapted to his objects and conditions. The looser cooperative form seems more generally suitable. Therefore, he wishes to be free, if he finds it desirable and feasible, to resort to co-operation with his fellows and neighbors, without running afoul of the law. To urge that the farmers should have the same liberty to consolidate and co-ordinate which other industries in their enjoy, is not, however, to concede that any business integration should have legislative sanction to exercise monopolistic power. The American people are as firmly opposed to industrial as political autocracy, whether attempted by rural or by urban industry. For lack of united effort the farmers as a whole are still marketing their crops by automated methods, or by no methods at all, but they are surrounded by business world that has been deeply alienated and that tirelessly striving for efficiency. This efficiency is due in large measure to big business, to united business, to integrated business. The farmers now seek the benefits of such largeness, union and integration. The American farmer is a modern of the moderns in the use of labor saving machinery, and he has made vast strides in recent years in scientific tillage and efficient farm management, but as a business in contact with other businesses agriculture is a "one horse shay" in competition with high power automobiles. The American farmer is the greatest and most intractable of individuals. While industrial production and all phases of the huge commercial mechanism and its myriad accessories have articulated and co-ordinated themselves all, way from natural raw materials to sales, the agriculture has gone on in much the one man fashion of the woods of the first part of the nineteenth century, when the farmer was self sufficient and did not depend upon, or care very much, what the great world was doing. The result is that the agricultural group is almost as much at a disadvantage in dealing with other economic groups as the jay farmer of the funny pages in the hands of sleek urban confidence men, who sell him acreage in Central Park or the Chicago city hall. The leaders of the farmers are not only the leaders, and they are intelligently serving to integrate their industry so that it will be on an equal footing with other businesses. As an example of integration, take the steel industry, in which the model is the United States Steel Corporation, with its iron mines, its coal mines, its lake and rail transportation, its ocean vessels, its by-product coke ovens, its blast furnaces, its open hearth and Bessemer furnaces, its rolling mills, its tube mills and other manufacturing processes that are carried to the highest degree of finished production compared with the large trade it has built up. It is also the one conceded to be to the advantage of the sucer. Nor does the steel corporation inconsiderately dump its products on the market. On the contrary, it so acts that it is frequently a stabilizing influence, as is often the case with other large organizations. It is master of its distribution as well as of its production. If prices are not satisfactory the products are held back or production is reduced or suspended. It is not compelled to send a year's work to the market at one time and take whatever it can get under such circumstances. It is not a politically powerful export department. Neither are the grades and qualities of steel determined at the caprice of the buyer, nor does the latter hold the scales. In this single integration of the steel corporation is represented about 40 per cent of the steel production of America. The rest is mostly in the hands of a few large companies. In 'ordinary times the steel corporation, by example, stabilizes all steel prices. If this is permissible (it is even desirable, because stable and fair prices are essential to solid and liquid steel), it is not wrong for the farmers to utilize central agencies that would have similar effects on agricultural products? Something like that is what they are aiming at. Some farmers favored by regional compactness and contiguity, such as the citrus-fruits-raisers of California, already have found a way legally to merge and sell their products integrally and in accordance with seasonal and local demand, thus improving their position, and rendering the contract more quality, certain supply, and reasonable and relatively steady prices. They have not found it necessary to resort to any special privilege, or to claim any exemption under the anti-trust legislation of the state or nation. Without removing local control, they have built up a very efficient marketing agency. The grain, cotton, and tobacco farmers, and the producers of farmers, warehouses and the vastness of their regions, and for other reasons, have found integration a more difficult task; though there are now some thousands of farmers' co-operative elevators, warehouses, creameries, and other enterprises of one sort and another, with a turn-over of a billion dollars a year. They are giving the farmers business experience and training, and, so far as they go they meet the need of farmers to produce products they do not meet the requirements of rationally adjusted marketing in any large and fundamental way. The next step, which will be a pattern for other groups, is now being prepared by the grain-raisers through the establishment of sales media which shall handle grain separately or collectively, as the individual farmer may elect. It is this step—the plan of the Committee of Seventeen—which has created so much opposition and is thought by some to be in conflict with the unrestricted laws. Though there is the unrestricted laws, signed to clear up doubt on this point, the grain-producers are not relying on any immunity from anti-trust legislation. They desire, and they are entitled, to co-ordinate their efforts just as effectively as the large business of the country have done. In connection with the selling organizations the United States Grain Growers Incorporated is drafting a scheme of financing instrumentialities and auxiliary agencies which are indispensable for the utilization of modern business methods. It is essential that the farmers should proceed gradually with these plans, and aim to avoid the error of scrapping the existing marketing machinery, which has been so laboriously built up by long experience, before they have a tried and proved substitute or supplementary mechanism. They must be careful not to become enmeshed in their own reforms and lose the perspective of their place in the national system. They must guard against new doffries, and should seek to with the general economic system rather than its reckless destruction as it relates to them. To take a tolerant and sympathetic view of the farmers' strivings for better things is not to give a blanket endorsement to any specific plan, and still less to applaud the vagaries of some of their leaders and groups. Neither should we, on the other hand, allow the froth to bitter aftenation, the bitter aftenation, the bitter aftenation to conceal the facts of the farmers' disadvantages, and the practicality of eliminating them by well-considered measures. It may be that the farmers will not show the business sagacity and develop the wise leadership to carry through sound plans; but that possibility does not justify the HOUSEWIVES' HEADQUARTERS THE EMPORIUM QUALITY CANDIES - SAINT PAUL ALL NECESSITIES FOR THE HOME distruction of their upward efforts. We, as city people, see in high and speculatively manipulated prices, spoilage, waste, scarcity, the results of defective distribution of farm products. Should it not occur to us that we have a common interest with the farmer in his attempts to attain a degree of efficiency in distribution corresponding to his efficiency in production, or not the recent fluctuations in the May wheat option, apparently unrelated to the interaction of supply and demand, a proof of the need of some such stabilizing agency as the grain growers have in contemplation? It is contended that, if their proposed organizations be perfected and operated, the farmers will have in their hands an instrument that will be capable of dangerous abuse. We are told that it will be possible to pervert it to arbitrary and oppressive price-fixing from its legitimate use of ordering and stabilizing the flow of farm products to the market, to the mutual benefit of producer and consumer. I have no apprehensions on this point. In the first place, a loose position, such as any union of farmers must be at best, cannot be so arbitrarily and promptly controlled as a great corporation. The one is a lumbering democracy and the other an agile autocracy. The in second place, with all possible power of organization, the farmers cannot succeed to any great extent, or for any considerable length of time, in fixing prices. The great law of supply and demand works in various and surprising ways, to the undoing of the best laid plans that attempt to foll it. In the third place, their power will avail the farmers nothing if it be abused. In our time and country power is of value to its possession only so long as it is not abused. It is fair to say that I have seen no signs of its unresponsible owners of a disposition to dictate prices. There seems, on the contrary, to be a commonly beneficial purpose to realize a stability that will give an orderly and abundant flow of farm products to the consumer and ensure reasonable and dependable returns to the producer. In view of the supreme importance to the national well-being of a prosperous and contented agricultural population, we should be prepared to go a long way in assisting the farmers to get an equitable share of the wealth they produce, through the inauguration of reforms that will procure a continuous and increasing stream of farm products. They are far from getting a fair share now. Considering his capital and the long hours of labor put in by the average farmer and his family, he is remunerated less than the possible exceeds the possible and glossy and loy. Though we know that the present general distress of the farmers is exceptional and is linked with the inevitable economic readjustment following the war, it must be remembered that, although representing one-third of the industrial product and half the total population of the nation, the rural communities ordained fifth to a quarter of the net annual income, standing the taste of prosperity that the farmers had during the war, there is today a lower standard of living among the cotton farmers of the South than in any other pursuit in the country. In conclusion, it seems to me that the farmers are chiefly striving for a generally beneficial integration of their business, of the same kind and character that other business enjoys. If it should be found on examination that the attainment of this end requires methods different from those which the farmers have followed for the same purpose should we not sympathetically the please for the right to co-operate; if only from our enlightened self interest, in obtaining an abundant and steady flow of farm products? In examining the agricultural situation with a view to its improvement, we shall be most helpful if we maintain a detached and judicial viewpoint, remembering that existing wrongs may be chiefly an accident of unsymmetrical economic growth instead of a creation of malevolent design and conspiracy. We Americans are prone, as Professor David Friday well says in his admirable book, "Profits, Wages and Prices," to seek a "criminal intent behind every difficult and undesirable economic situation." I can positively assert from my contact with men of large affairs, including bankers, that, as a whole, they are endeavoring to fulfill as they see them the obligations that go with their power. Preoccupied with their responsibilities and tasks of their own immediate affair, they have not turned their thoughtful personal attention or their constructive abilities to the deficiencies of agricultural business organization. Agriculture, it may be said, suffers from their preoccupation and neglect rather than from any purposeful exploitation by them. They ought now to begin to respond to the farmers' difficulties, which they must realize are their own. On the other hand, my contacts with the farmers have filled me with respect for them—for their sanity, their patience, their balance. Within the last year, and particularly at a meeting called by the Kansas State Board of Agriculture and at another called by the Committee of Seventeen, I have met many of the leaders of the new farm movement, and I testify in all sincerity that they are endeavoring to deal with their problems, not as promoters of a narrow interest, not as consumers of the hapless common not an merless monopolists, but as honest ment bent on the improvement of the common weal. We can and must meet such men and such a cause half way. Their business is our business—the nation's business. $2.40 PER YEAR RURAL CLASSES LONGEST LIVED Census Bureau Also Finds Women at All Ages Have Better Chance for Life. Examination of Mortality Tables Indicates Decided Improvement in Infant Mortality Rates—Expectation is Increased. Washington, D. G.—The Department of Commerce, through the bureau of censuses, announces that the second official publication on life tables derived from births, deaths and populations is soon to be issued. These tables show conditions as they existed in 1890, in 1901 and in 1910, thus making it possible to study the changes which have taken place in mortality during two decades. It is shown that mortality at practically all ages is higher among men than among women. In particular, it appears that the most favorable mortality in this country is found among women living in the rural districts. The rural classes, regardless of sex, enjoy a much lower mortality for nearly the entire range of life than those living in the cities. While the expectation of life, both among men and women, in most classes has steadily increased, there is no indication of any definite lengthening of the span of life. In both words, while almost all classes of persons are living to an elder age greater, the limiting age of human life does not seem to have advanced. Girl Babies Have Best Chance. In 1901 the expectation of life among white girl babies at birth was about three years more than among white males, and in 1910 the excess in favor of the girls had increased to almost three and a half years. There seems to have been a general improvement for all classes for the ages up to about age forty for men and age fifty for women, except for the agro population. Above these ages no improvement is shown, and in some cases the mortality at the older ages in 1910 was actually less favorable than it was in 1901. An examination of the infant mortality tables indicates a decided improvement in the infant mortality rate in most cases between 1901 and 1910. The expectation of life of children born in 1910 also shows a considerable improvement over the expectation of life of children born in 1890 and 1901 and practically all classes of the population. The infant mortality in the rural districts was considerably lower than that in the urban districts, both in 1901 and 1910, but the difference in favor of the rural districts was not as great in 1910 as it was in 1901, indicating that the efforts to improve infant mortality conditions in the cities are undoubtedly meeting success. Life tables are also given by sex for Australia, Denmark, England, France, Germany, Holland, India, Italy, Japan, Norway, Sweden and Switzerland. They may be used to compare rates of mortality and expectations of life at any age in one country with those of any other country or with those in the United States. Low Mortality in Norway. A comparison with these countries shows that, except for France, India and Japan, the rates of mortality among men and women are less favorable in this country than in the foreign countries mentioned. For example, the lowest annual rate of mortality a thousand at birth is found in Norway to be about 81 for males and 67 for females, while for a similar class in this country is about 127 for males and 105 for females. This indicates that there is still much room for improvement in this country. The most important mortality tables used by life insurance companies in this country and in foreign countries are included in this publication. BOYS BUY MARKS IN PARIS French People of All Classes Invest Their Money in German Money. Paris.—The fever which has prompted French people of all classes to invest their frances in German marks led a twelve-year-old boy to a large Paris bank, where he asked for "a franc's worth of German money." "Perhaps, though," said the child, "it would be better if I bought Hungarian money. I read in the paper this morning that Hungarian money hadn't, but Hungary has lots of corn and I think her money will go up soon. don't von." Defective Page The clerk told the child to invest his franc in candy. Put on Shoes in Sleep. Hammond, Ind.—Al Roberts, temporary resident of the Hammond jail, was given a pair of new shoes by a jail worker. He put them under his pillow when he went to sleep. Awakening they were gone. He caused his cellmates and his dats started a small riot. When the police persuaded the rolters to cease, Roberts found the shoes on his feet. He had put them on while asleep, so the police believe and stanchly declare. Sas SE eee cme Mine eee re Ne RCE ne ce ae ae OER ST a ee ee THE APPEAL AN AMERICAN NEWSPAPER ISSUED WEEKLY SS ecg tenors J. Q .ADAMS, EDITOR AND PUBLISHER ST. PAUL OFFICE No. 801-2 Cour’ flock, 24 E, 4th et, 5.@, ADAMS, Manager. HONE: N. W. CEDAR 5649. MINNEAPOLIS OFFICE Se M12 Tenth Avene Sout 1X SELLERS, Manager. @ntered at the Voxtoffce In St. Paul. Gianesatat ‘an entenscctana’ malt vuntten, June @ (aby wovler Kot at’ Concrenet aren ‘te tao, TERMS, STRICTLY IN ADVANCE: SINGLE COPY, One Year......$2.40 SINGLE COPY, Six Months.... 1.25 SINGLE COPY, Three Months.. .65 <-mittances shoul be made by Express ‘Money Onder. Post Opes Money “Ortiet te= istered “Letier “oe Bang rate - Postage Staiups wlil be received the same as cash for ihe! octionst parts of w dollar “Ouly one chu ahd two cout stamps vale. Sliver should neve be sent turowsl the mail iS thin ct sure to wear a bole throu the ‘nv slope Aad be loses or ele fe muy Be. ste fen,” Petros who sent silver torus in letters U9 fo ut tole owe risk Narriage and death notices 10 lines or Jess 81, ‘ag Uaitional Huo i ‘eents. "Papinent siletis a advance, and to be ‘aimounced at atl must come in Seusou to be nuwse ‘Adve-tising rates, 18 ornts per agate line, eack: Tasortiou. ‘Chore are tourveeu agar ines nan tuck, agd about Seven words in an agate ine," No Single advertisements tess tien st." No dtscoust allosced on tess than three tones contract. ‘Cash must. wecoune poy, ail onders from parties unknown to us, Purhier particulars on uppieation, Reading notices 25 cents per line, each insertion, ‘Nodiscounts for time or Spaces Rend ancien iy set in ‘brevier epeabout. sie fords: to the Ine! “AN newtsiiaes ‘count oui. ‘the date on the address tabel sows when Suctipton expires. Ronewals should be inal che Wot port expiration, 20 that tie paper may be iulseed, as the paper sto ‘wien time 1k owe island occasionally happens that papers sent tosubs DP esotibersane lowor scalen” Ty case Wott do Hot regolre a atinber wen Wir Yad ue by postal eard at the expieation of tive days {om that dite and we wilt eheertiliy for ward a dupiteate of che anisinge number. Vommunicatons to recelve atentons must be Tiewsy. "upod important. subi, “plaiahy vests GE! pone side ot the apres ust reaeh us tuesdays it possible, ahy way Horiuter than Wednesdags and bear the sig future of tie author. “No ‘manuscript te timed, unless stamps are sent for postage. Wedo not hold ourselves responsibie for the ‘ews of ou correspon Soliciting agents wanted everywhere. Write for tufnte Sample copies free. In every letter tint you write us never fail to nd you fal ‘nh "and aan plaaly ‘written, post ofiee. county and state.” Bus hess fettées of ull lads must be weliten “on seonirute siteees from letters containing news Or inutier for publication. a“ B Bar re) Neg any eg ty iim nnn She iiiiouito ote HOW TO OVERCOME EVIL Be kindly affectioned one to another with brotherly love; in honor prefer ring one another; recompense to no man evil for evil. Provide things honest in the sight of all men. Be not overcome with evil, but overcome evil with good.—Romans 12:10, 17, 21, THEY ARE FULL OF MOONSHINE Of all the fool things that we have heard of lately, comes from the be- nighted state of South Carolina, where one J. Walter Moon, a mem- ber of the state legistature, has in- troduced a bill in that august body, which is intended to prohibit the showing of pictures in colored motion picture houses that contain the faces of white women. He states that ét is a crime to have colored men and women gazing at faces of white women on the sereen, and so would make a drastic law compelling col- oved motion pieture houses to show pictures of colored people only. And, it seems, that a majority of the mem- bers of the House are as full of “moonshine” as Moon himself, for they actually took the measure seri- ously enough as to pass it. What the asinine color prejudice of the average Southerner will not cause him to do is beyond our ken. We understand that the bill now awaits action in the South Carolina senate. If made into a law it will vepresent one of the most remarkable precedents ever established even in southern law-making bodies. _ HOW ABOUT IT, MR. FROE? Since the last issue of THE AP- PEAL we have learned more about the recently appointed recorder of deeds for the District of Columbia, Arthur G. Froe. He is a resident of Welch, W. Va., where he has been a member of the bar for twenty years and stands high with the legal fra- ternity. He has been very active and successful in Republican polities in his native state. He is well educated und a fluent speaker. All well’ and good, and we congratulate him upon his recognition as worthy of reward for services rendered, but we have not changed our attitude of last week in asking, has he been selected, for the reason that like all of the other colored men who have been given places under the riresent asian he-iwill headvas tins | 1 ! mc | ea 23 Soe, 4 rae a | dl “at Fe Sey we | f i i fl GEORGE WASHINGTON. “The Father of His Country” the Anniversary of Whose Birthday Will be Celebrated February 22nd. srow office? Will the office of Re- |Crime is sought to be checked through corder of Deeds be a segregated |laws directed at the perpetrator. place? The colored people who sup-|The racing evil can be curbed in a ported Harding have a right tolsimilar direct fashion. ‘The people know. And the colored people ought |are entitled to the news of the coun- to rise in their might, if they have | try, whether it is good or bad, and to any, and protest against any more jcurtail the freedom of the press in jimerow business. jsiving: it to them, strikes at the very —_——S=S==— root of popular government. RAPS AMERICAN CHRISTIANS (7) { — an a recent interview'a Japanese gentleman walloped the American Christian hypocrites in these words and hits the nail on the head: “I am a Christian, but I cannot reconcile the rules which Christianity taught me with American practices. Americans are overly suspicious and narrow hearted. Our nation is sup- posediy anti-Christian, but we have broader hearts. “American missionaries teach us that all people are equal, so we wel- come Americans, Jet you travel throughout Japan unmolested, buy property, engage in business, and give you equal rights with our own people when you are in Japan. You do not practice in America what your missionaries teach us we must do, if we want to be Christians. Even the missionaries do not practice what they preach when they return to America,” THE FREEDOM OF THE PRESS. Postmaster General Hays, shortly before signin his half million dollar contract with the movie moguls, came out strongly against the attempt’ in some quarters to prohibit by law the publication of racing news. The movement had gained such headway that its friends succeeded in attach- ing a rider to a bill pending in the House of Representatives so. that racing news would be prohibited transportation ‘through the mails, along with lottery and cheating de- vices. “I was not consulted about the provision,” declared Mx. Hays, “and I hope this section will not pass, *The whole bill had better be defeated, in my opinion, than to add this addi- tional curtailment of the freedom of the press. There has been a very strong tendency of late in that direc- tion, and I am sure it is essential that such a tendency should be checked. I am reminded of Voltaie’s statement, ‘I wholly disapprove what you say, but I will defend with my: life your right to say it!” ‘There are other ways of removing the race track gambling evil than through the indirect method of pro- hibiting the transmission of news thereof through the mails. There are probably certain crimes committed for the sole purpose of achieving no- toriety for the criminal through press account of his exploits. But that does ‘not mean that newspapers cannot pub- lish a news story of the incident. a: hij eee i gk en : ae ae = abi EN RE Chek. oh ee (he 2 | Gg ae es \ SS i AO Wa ¢ Sg i 2 AW a | REN “~ 1) a FREDERICK DOUGLAS “The Old Man Eloquent, the Anniversary of Whose February 14th i see Se "The Old Man Eloquent, the Anniversary of Whose Birthday Was Celebrated February 14th Crime is sought to be checked through laws directed at the perpetrator. The racing evil can be curbed im a similar direct fashion. The people are entitled to the news of the coun- try, whether it is good or bad, and to curtail the freedom of the press in giving it to them, strikes at the very root of popular government. BRISBANE'S POISON GAS. Arthur Brisbane, who contributes a column headed “Today” to the Hearst newspapers, is considered a great writer, but THE APPEAL has no- ticed for years that he has great bit- terness against colored people in his writings. Here is some of his latest dope: President Harding told the colored jess and women in the South that it was a mistake for them to talk about “social equality.” said he: “This is a question of recognizing a fundamen- tal, eternal and inescapable differ- That earnest young Socialist plu- ‘tocrat, Charles E. Russell, rebukes President Harding and wants to ‘know what PROOF there is of a dif- ference between Negro and white races. “Show me,” says he. In any nat- lural history museum the polite at- jtendant will “show him.” He will Head Mr. Russell to a row of skulls, ‘and say, “This is a Negro of one ‘type; this is.a Negro of another. [This is a white man.” A 5-year-old child can be taught the difference. And to change We skull except by interbreeding, which is not ‘desired, would take many thousands of years, | To lift up the bone of a forehead, ‘making it half an inch nearer to the perpendicular, would take 10,000 years jat least. There is the “show me” an- ‘swer, most puzzling to those that (would LIKE equality, but that don’t 'want to deceive themselves, | A great naturalist said, “The dif- ‘ference between a low type of Afri- jean savage and a highly developed \white man is greater than the differ- ‘ence between that savage and a blade of grass.” That, unfortunately, is true, and intelligent Charles E. Rus- ‘sell knows it. Let us not deceive ourselves or others, even in the noble cause of ‘brotherly love. Those that are de- ceived, no matter how kindly, lose ‘their way. | The bunk about the African savage and a blade of grass seems to be a favorite quotation of Mr. Brisbane for lhe has used it at least a half dozen jtimes a year for the last ten years. [Other great naturalists have said that |there are no fundamental differences ‘between the white and black races and the Christ has said that of one blood were created all nations. The colored people in America are not African savages and probably Half of the so-called white people in the United States haye more or less Ne- gro blood in their veins, President Garfield termed Alexander Hamilton “the greatest man who ever trod American soil,” and yet-it has been proved that Hamilton had Negro blood in his veins. CRINGING AWAKENS CONTEMPT. We cannot win by blinking at facts or by ignoring fundamental princi- ples. Editor J. Q. Adams of the ST. PAUL APPEAL is sound to the core and we shall all have to accept his kind of leadership if we expect to at- tain our full stature and status under the American Constitution. Cringing may be comfortable for the time be- ing put it is mighty humiliating for all the time thereafter and it awakens contempt for us as it should do in the minds and hearts of our adver- saries. Editor Adams points the ‘way, whether we accept his advice or not and sooner or later he wil blaze the way to our financial, industrial and political enfranchisement in this country where none will dare molest us or make us afraid. Wise colored leaders will take notice and govern themselves accordingly. The. foregoing from The Planet of Richmond, Va. edited by Hon, John Mitchell, Jr, who recently polled 20,000 votes as candidate for gov- ernor of the state, is pleasing to the editor but wevaccept it as a tribute to the cause for which THE APPEAL has fought for nearly forty year rather than a personal compliment. HARDING GETS ANOTHER RAP. At the annual meeting of the Na- tional Association for the Advance- ment of Colored People, held in New ‘York last weely Charles Edward Rus. sell, orator and author weleomed the advent of the “new Negro” who, he declared, was ready to stand up for his rights. He also ridiculed Presi- dent Harding's assertion that there was an “impassable gulf” between col- ored and white people in the United States and advocated that, before at- tempting to lead the world to disar- mament, the United States disarm the lyncher within her own borders. And so say we all! Here is one paragraph from Mr. Russell’s speech: “I must. frankly say to the gentleman who said that, President Harding,” said Mr. Russell, “that you don’t know what you're talking about. If this great gulf you speak of between the races which you speak of exists, what does it look like? Have you a photograph of it? There is' no such gulf, and the only limit to the development of you col- ored people is the one you place your- selves.” JIM CROW LEADERS. We had in a recent issue a sympo- sitim of views ‘Of colored editors in various parts of the country on the spezches of President Harding in Bir- mingham, Ala., and Atlanta, Ga. One of the strongest of these is an editorial from the Richmond (Va.) Planet, by that fearless journalist, John Mitchell, Jv. Referring to the desire of President Harding to have more “negro” leaders developed, ‘The Plaret says: THE SOUTH IS FULL OF THIS KIND OF LEADERS. DR. BOOK. ER T. WASHINGTON DID HIS PART IN DEVELOPING THIS KIND OF LEADERSHIP, IN LAT. ER YEARS HE REALIZED THAT HE HAD GONE TOO FAR, TO THE EXTENT OF ELIMINATING THE PRINCIPLES OF MANHOOD, WITHOUT WHICH NO RACE CAN RISE TO THE FULL HEIGHT OF AMERICAN CITIZENSHIP. This is a strong statement yet it is absolutely true. No single thing in the history of the colored people in the United States has done so much to prevent the full-attainment of citi zenship as that speech of Booker Washington delivered in Atlanta, Ga, in 1895, Since then the descent to hell ha: been swift and sure and the depths were sounded. when the other day Warren G. Harding, President of the United States, stood by the side of the Grady monument in Atlanta, pro- nounced a eulogy on Henry W. Grady, the most bitter, dangerous an¢ insidious enemy of the colored people ‘that the country has produced, ‘de. clared that the race question must be settled by the segregation of Ameri can citizens, ~ : Lured on by the enthusiastic recep. tion by the South of the B. Washing. ton speech and the white man’ “good negro” pat on the shoulder, the Jimerow leaders’ tribe has increased so enormously that it is now a men- ace to be reckoned with in every com- munity in which there are a hundred colored men, Before he died Booker Washingtor repented in bitterness what he had done and longed for life to wash out his unwise course but it was too late Although it may be news to many, it is a fact that after his death an ar- ticle, written by him, was printed in 4 leading magazine, in which he re- pudiated segregation which he had sc long championed. No greater calamity could befall the colored people than the harvest- ing of a new crop of “jimerow negrc Teaders.” A GOOD VIEWPOINT. The following ufider the heading, “The Colored Man’s Viewpoint,” is from the Chicago Tribune: I desire to compliment you upon the fact that you have taken up the Practice of using colored man or col- ored woman instead of Negro or Ne- gress.” This is attested by an article which appeared on the front page of Wednesday's Tribune and another in this morning’s Tribune. Thaye not at all forgotten that your Paper at one time graciously agreed to capitalize. the word Negro. Al- though fhe word Negro is a term which some persons of color dislike, yet it was thought a half loaf was better than none “at all, and so we contented ourselves with the eapitali- zation. We cannot commend too high- ly your use of thé word colored in the place of Negro and are hoping that the substitute will be both gen- eral and permanent. 8. A.T. WATKINS, President Appomattox Club. CHARLES S. DUKE, Chairman, Civies Committee, Appomattox Club. It is a very important thing for a great newspaper like the Chicago Tribune to use colored instead of Ne- gro as a racial designation. Probably no one thing has contributed so much to the contempt in which colored peo- ple are held than the use of the word Negro in describing the colored peo- ple of the United States. And it’s a lie The colored people are not Ne- groes. The are, and they ought to proclaim themselves, AMERICANS, a — ee a FLORSHEIM SHOE SALE a aay <a el 7 Loy me TLS 87.5 hy ~~ r Ro < y [Wick a year we exceed our usual values by placing on sale all the season’s styles and sizes at a special low price. The only change is in the price-end for-a hmited period—the quality and style of The Florsheim Shoe is the same as always. Florsheim Shoes and Oxfords , 500 Pairs Florsheim Shoes $10to$14 values now $7.85 150 Pairs of Stanley Shoes $8 to $10 values Now $3.85 STANLEY SHOE CO. 421 ROBERT ST. ST. PAUL meee a —} | ——— Protest’ always pays. For some time the people of India’ have been making “silent protest” against the many irjustices from which they suf- fer and now it seems that results are about to be achieved. The govern- ment has introduced several bills for the repeal of nearly all of the repres- sive and restrictive laws now on the statute books. And because they have protested, England will give independence to the Egyptians. Down South, Moton et al are lauding the brutal people who have stolen the rights of the col- ered people and restricted them to a Jimerow place in the social scheme. One of the greast victories of right over color prejudice has just been won in Louisiana in the case of Miss Lillie Taylor, who has legally secured absolute right to property valued at over $29,000,000 to which she is heiress. Every effort, that white men could conjure up, was made to wrest the property from her but she finally won and now is, probably, one of the richest women in the world. | Great News For You! Everyone Loves To Be Beautiful! LET US SUPPLY YOU WITH Madam Walker's Toilet Preparations Sweet-Odor-Home, Soaps High Brown Toilet Preparations Shaving Creams. ° Toilet Waters Dr. Wetter's Antiseptic Tooth Powder Hosiery. Cutlery Sets Oakes-Hall-Ford Co. WE WILL CALL ON YOU 306 COURT BLOCK TEL. CEDAR 7459 ST. PAUL, MINN. The supreme court of North Car- olina has just decided that schools are not necessities. Long ago the white people of the state decided that education was not necessary for the colored children, about . thirty cents per capita, more or less far their instruction while the white chil- dren received about fifty times as much. North “Caliny” is a great old commonwealth, more or less. TEL. CEDAR 0871 SUDDEN SERVICE PEOPLES FUEL AND TRANSFER MOVING AND HAULING OF TRUNKS, BAGGAGE, PIA- NOS AND HOUSEHOLD Goons To ANY PART OF THE CITY. We carry a full line of Goal, Coke and Wood. 198 W THIRD st. SAINT PAUL ‘That “the way of the transgressor, is hard,” especially if he is colored, has been terribly verified in New York in the case of William Burke, an 18-year-old colored youth who was sentenced to ten years in Sing Sing prison for the larceny of fifty cents’ worth of bread, The colored people in the French West Indies (Guadeloupe and Mar- tinique) are bitterly opposed to the sale of their islands to the United States. They realize that with the coming of the Americans, hell would break loose in their own happy homes. American System HAIR DRESSING SCALP TREATMENT SHAMPOOING FIRST TREATMENT, INCLUDING A BOX OF AMER- ICAN MAIR GROWER, 81.50 TREATMENT AND SHAMPOO EVERY TWO WEEKS FIFTY CENTS Mrs. Anna Clemans 469 COLLINS sz, ST. PAUL, MINN. The Ivish having fought for 760 years to gain freedom intend to keep it at all odds. The Irish Free State is not yet in official being, ‘but the min- ister of defense is making plans for a powerful standing army. , The colored people in the Island of ‘Trinidad, British West Indies have been’ talking about local self-govern- ment and at once the British govern- ment clamps down the screws on them. BUY YOUR - ‘TEL. GARFIELD 2446 COAL AND WOOD FLOUR, FEED AND HAY . FROM - C. W. STAEHLE Baggage Transfer Moving Vans All kinds of hauling Everything at the right price Rice, Carroll and Igliehart Sts. A new M. E. college for “Negroes” was dedicated in Mississippi Friday. Thus the so-called Church of Christ encourages the drawing of the color Hine in education, | The headlines say: “Texans Lynch a Colored Man. Cause Un- known.” 0, yes, the cause IS known. |HE WAS COLORED. That's enough in ‘Texas. Challenging Mr. Brisbane's Challenge. Sir: Mr. Brisbane in his “Today” takes issue with Charles E. Russell for challenging President Harding and like thinkers to show him proof that “fundamental, eternal and ines- ‘capable differences” exist between the black and white races. Mr. Brisbane is forceful, original and brilliant; but a lightning bug is also brilliant. Un- like your other writers, manifestly fair, he is given to pronounced racial Prejudice, the appointed prophet warning ‘the white race to preserve itself while there is yet time. The one proof he submits to Mr. Russell of black inferiority is one of differ- ence in skull contour. Far greater differences are to be found as relates to skull contour in each race than between any two races; the same is true of brain weight, convolutions and, in fact, a majority of physical and biological characteristics which are commonly taken by the layman as peculiar to a given race. T like to read Mr. Brisbane's column, but he should be made <ware that men of science have often had occasion to-laugh at his efforts to (parade as scientific. A little Teading ‘of Thomes’ “Source Book for Social Origins” and Boss’ “Mind of Primi- tive Man” would stand Mr. Brisbane ia good stead. CASWELL W. CREWS. 4230 Champlain Ave., Chicago. ST: PAUL STOVE & FURNACE REPAIR WORKS Repairs to Fit All Makes of Stoves, Ranges. and Fumacas, We are Experts at Installing Furnaces, 105 E. THIRD sr. ST. PAUL, MINN, Phone: Elkhurst 3163 MINNESOTA MILK CQ_ The "Saintly City" and Saintly City Folks—Newsy Items of Social, Religious, Political and General Matters Among the People. SATURDAY, FEBRUARY 18, 1922 THE APPEAL ASKS AS A SPECIAL FAVOR THAT ITS READERS GIVE PREFERENCE TO THE ADVERTISERS WHO SEEK THEIR PATRONAGE BY ADVERTISING IN IT. SHOP IN THE APPEAL BEFORE SHOPPING ELSEWHERE. Mr. and Mrs. Wayne Holliday have moved to 252 Rondo St. Quarterly meeting at St. James A. M. E. church tomorrow. Mr. and Mrs. J. H. Dillingham have moved to 663 Iglehart Ave. Mr. and Mrs. J. B. Weldon have moved to 975 St. Anthony Ave. Don't fail to contribute to annual Coal Drive for Crispus Attucks Home. Your friends are seldom as black as you paint them or your friends as white as they appear. Mrs. James Roberts, 978 St. Anthony avenue, was hostess to the Ideal club Wednesday afternoon. Vesper services are hold every Sunday afternoon at the West Central Ave. branch of the Y. W. C. A. Mrs. James A. Lee, 646 West Central avenue, entertained the Handicraft Art club at six o'clock dinner, Thursday. Mr. Tiffin, 57 Lyton Place, and Mrs. Jerry Clark, 915 Woodbridge street, are at the city hospital for treatment. Don't forget the Charity Ball for the benefit of Crispus Attucks Home on Tuesday evening, February 21, at Union Hall. FOR RENT—Nice furnished rooms for man and wife, 532 St. Anthony Ave., second floor. Tel. Dale 2515.—Advertisement. (3) Parents are pretty much out of date and it's only a question of time until modern youngsters will find a way to do without them entirely. Wait and watch for the Masquerade-Valentine-Prize Ball to be given by the G. F. G. T. Club at Union Hall, Valentine Night, Tuesday, Feb. 14. FOR RENT—Three modern furnished rooms, for man and wife, or single men. 655 St. Anthony Ave., tel. Forest 9233.—advertisement (1). Office: Cedar 0508 Res.: Dale 2947 Res.: 678 St. Anthony Ave. MRS. T. H. LYLES Successor to W. M. LYLE UNDERTAKING CO. 150 W. Fourth St. ST. PAUL Rev. W. H. Simmons is doing a wonderful work at his church on 13th and Broadway. He is much in demand among the white congregations. PIONEER LODGE NO. 1, F. and A. M. Brown, M. M. and that the E. Es. Linden each month at Mamac Hall, 588 Rondo street, at 8:00 p. m. J. W. Thomas, W. M. W. S. Archer, Secy. 498 Carroll Ave. Advertisement. HOUSEHOLD or PHYLL NO. 553, G. U. W. W. S. Archer, Secy. 498 Carroll Ave. Advertisement. W. W. W. S. Archer, Secy. 498 Carroll Ave. Advertisement. For Rent—One furnished room, modern in every way, 449 S. Hamline Ave., Car. James and Hamline Ave. Tel. Midway 6077.—Advertisement. (2) Rev. W. H. Harris of Fulton, Mo, who has been preaching at Pilgrim Baptist church, left Tuesday evening for Chicago to attend a minister's conference. Don't fail to come over to the Big Time, given at Dreamy Arcadia, 8th and Cedar, St. Paul, by Gopher Lodge 105, Elks, Monday evening, Feb. 27. Miss Minnie Tobie, 990 Gaultier street, had an operation performed early in the week to have her tonsilis removed. She is at home and is con- vulsed. The Triangle Club of Government Employees have issued invitations for an informal party at Union Hall, Thursday, Feb. 23, from 8 to 12 o'clock P. M. Mr. and Mrs. H. S. Sawyer, 663 Iglehart avenue, entertained at five o'clock dinner last Sunday Mr. and Mrs. J. Q. Adams, J. Q. Adams, Jr., and Miss Eddythe Adams. The managers of the Crispus Attucks Home are arranging for the annual Charity Ball for its benefit at Union Hall on next Tuesday evening, Feb. 21. Don't fail to be there. Mr. and Mrs. Thomas Steele, former residents of our city, are visiting friends en route to Duluth for an ECONOMY "Teach economy that is among the first and highest virtues. It begins saving money." Abraham Lincoln State Savings Bank 93 East Fourth Street --- indefinite stay. They are guests of m. and Mrs. W. B. Tandy, 593 Igle- hart avenue. Saturday afternoon of last week Mrs. Arthur McWatt, 726 Burhure avenue, entertained at a children's party for her little daughter's birthday. Many pretty birthday gifts were received. FOR SALE—No. 179 Charles St. Seven rooms and summer kitchen; gas, pipeless furnace. Price low. Terms reasonable. W. T. Francis, Central Metropolitan Bank Bldg.— Advertisement. Mr. and Mrs. Quitman Hicks, 953 Rondo street, entertained a few friends Saturday evening complimentary to Mr. and Mrs. Thomas Steele of Chicago, house guests of Mr. and Mrs. W. B. Tandy. There are still a great number of people out of work, and if any one knows of a job at any time, he will be helping his fellowmen by reporting same at once to Hall Bros. Barber Shop, Pittsburg, Bldg. NOTICE-For Madam C. J. Waker's Method of Hair Culture, for Ladies; also Wavo for men. Apply to Miss Zilda Hightower, Resident Work, 668 St. Anthony Ave., Tel. Dale 3492.-Advertisement. Mr. and Mrs. Wm. R. Godette have issued invitations for the thirty-seventh anniversary of their wedding, with a dancing party Tuesday evening, February 28th, from eight to twelve o'clock at Union Hall. Gopher Lodge's ball at New Arcadia hall was a great success in every way. So much so that the lodge announces another ball at the same place on Monday evening, February 27, and everybody is invited to be there. Mr. Willus Branch, 126 West Arch street, while at work last Saturday morning at Swift's, South St. Paul, slipped, fell and cut his hand badly on a large knife. He was taken to the hospital and is getting along very nicely. The Adelphai club met Tuesday afternoon with a large attendance at the residence of Mrs. Paul Caldwell, 1399 Sherburne avenue. The club had as visitors Mrs. Laguinia Williams of Winnipeg and Mrs. Annie Foster. The Ladies' Aid of Pilgrim Baptist church met last Thursday night at the home of Mrs. T. W. Stepp. Each lady told her experience of how she earned the amount of money she brought in. The affair was quite a success. Walter T. Lemon, chairman of the Ramsey County Republican committee, has issued a call for the Rebublican Ramsey County convention to meet in the Marquette room of the Ryan hotel at 1:00 P. M., March 18. There will be 219 delegates. The Forum of the N. A. A. P. C. met last Sunday afternoon at Pilgrim-on-the-Hill. Miss Anita Peck made a talk on "Care of Children." Dues were also collected. These meetings should be better attended, as they are striving for a worthy cause. There was a very interesting program rendered last Sunday afternoon at Welcome hall under the auspices of the U. N. I. A. Rev. H. W. Simmons, pastor of Camphor M. E. church, delivered the principal speech, and Mrs. Saunders read a very interesting paper. Mrs. J. Grice, 537 West Central avenue, was hostess Wednesday afternoon to the Modern Priscilla club. Mrs. J. Tresvan gave an excellent report on the State Federation's midwinter meeting February 8th, and Mrs. J. James was a visitor at the club. Several ladies met at the home of Mrs. Quitman Hicks, Friday afternoon, February 10, and organized a Twin City Social club. Mrs. Hicks was elected president, Mrs. Courtney Torell, Minneapolis, secretary, and Mrs. R. B. Moulden, Minneapolis, treasurer. There are still a number of our men out of work, and it is to be hoped that anyone hearing about work of any kind will report same to Hall Bros. barber shop, Pittsburgh Bld., corner Fifth and Wabasha Sts. They are helping our people find jobs and charging no fees. CASE CAR SERVICE—Persons desiring motor car service for any occasion may get the use of an elegant new seven-passenger Case sedan, by carling Anthony Ave., or calling up Dale 8412. Rates are advertised—Advertisement. Twin City friends of Mr. and Mrs. Craig C. Williams are pleased to note their return to the firm following twelve years abroad. Mr. Williams is an artist of ability, and not only composes, but sings, plays and instructs equally as well. They are now residing in Chicago. THE APPEAL man was in the store of one of his advertisers one day, and heard him say to a man: "We have a large number of accounts among the colored people; and not one a bad one." This speaks very well for our people. Keep up that reputation wherever you deal—_Edd. Mrs. Harriet Murphy is improving after an attack of heart trouble and asthma. She soon will be 91 years of age. She has a remarkable memory, and remembers hearing Lincoln address an audience at Monmouth, Ill., also remembers incidents that occurred in the lives of Grant and Garfield. A local council of probation officers to affiliate with the National Probation association was organized Wednesday afternoon, February 15th, by Dr. H. Y. Williams in his study at Dr. H. Y. Williams church on Pleasant avenue. Mrs. Mattie R. Hicks, juvenile court officer, was present and enrolled as a member. Detectives Black and Gaston were busy engaged in rounding up a den on This West Meet of innocent colored men and six white women. At 287½ West Seventh, six persons were arrested, among them two white women. Liquor and drugs were in evidence. Two of our prominent young men were caught in the net. After eluding the police for thirteen years, Joseph Crow was apprehended and taken back to Henderson, Kentuchy, charged with the murder of William Evans of that plaque, several years ago. Mr. Crow had been living here for about two years and had been engaged in the express business. Detective Mitchell arrested Crow last Saturday. Rev. W. H. Harris of Missouri preached at Pilgrim Baptist church last Sunday morning, from the text "Loyalty to Christ." A good-sized audience greeted him. The choir rendered splendid music, as usual. Rev. In sad but loving memory of our darling daughter, Evelyn A. Rogers, who joined the angels one year ago, February 16, 1921. On the hill of Union, Where the flowers gently wave. Lies our darling daughter, In her lonely, solemn grave. Often we think of you, dear, And our hearts ache with pain; Our burden would be lighter, Could we have you here again. But we would not be so selfish, As to end your heavenly bliss, Just to have you with us Though you we sadly miss. MR. & MRS. T. O. ROGERS. H. B. Hawkins of Chicago will fill the pulpit tomorrow. He comes well recommended and a large crowd is expected. On and after Sunday, February 12, only one Sunday service will be held each Sunday at Bethel A. M. E. church, 196 Thomas street, and that at 3:30 p.m. On Sunday, March 26, Quarterly Meeting will be held, three services, morning, afternoon and evening. Thereafter a regular schedule will be maintained. Rev. Joseph S. Strong, pastor. K. JUST BIG THE THIRD OF A S GOPHER LODGE NEW Corner o Monday GOOD MUSIC The Elk Committee COMM Edw. Eastman, Cha S. Wright, F. Gilbert, the legal Frances naries for n others. J. J. Mo- dev. Carr. Mr. Clifford A. Smith, for many years our leading tailor died at the St. Paul hospital on Monday, Feb. 13, after more than a year's illness. His funeral was held at Lyles mortuary chapel Thursday afternoon. Rev. A. H. Lealatt officiated. Music was furnished by the choir of St. Philips church assisted by Mrs. Birdie Jones and Mrs. Bightie Mead. The deceased had many friends who attested their beautiful and esteem by numerous floral tributes. He leaves to mourn his loss his father, Mr. Louis Smith of Elgin, II, who was too ill to attend the funeral. Interment at Oakland. The injury after hearing the evidence in the case of Mr. Paul Shelton, charged with robbery in the second degree, returned a verdict of not guilty, within twenty minutes after the close of the trial. Atty. W. T. Francis defended Shelton and fearlessly attacked and denounced the testimony of the detectives who attempted to support their case by footprints. The 28th annual banquet of the Lincoln club held at the St. Paul hotel last Sautard night was one of the best ever and was attended by upward of 400 guests, among whom were: Rev. W. L. Harris, Attorneys Hammond Turner, J. L. Irvin; W. T. Francis, Drs. L. R. Litch, Valdó Turner, D. O. Howard, Sergt. Z. A. Pope, Messrs. R. C. Minor, O. C. Hall, F. D. McCracken, J. B. Johnson and J. Q. Adams. Mrs. Lillian Burris and Mrs. R. A. VanHook, leading milliner and modiste, respectively, of Minneapolis, are the promoters of a pre-Lenten Style Show and Promenade to be given to the Lake Hall, Sixth avenue to Nyndale, evening Feb. 27. Twenty living models will be in the Style Revue which starts promptly at 9:30 o'clock. A beautiful $15 hat will be given to the lady holding the lucky number. Moore's music, Admission 35 cents. *Advertisement.* Judge J. C. Michael has decided that the resignation of Rev. T. J. Carr as pastor of Memorial Baptist church made April 25, 1921, to take effect September 30, is still binding, and the temporary injunction issued against Rev. Carr has been made permanent. Rev. Carr is the legal pastor of the church W. T. Carr and R. J. Donohue were attornies for Mr. Jordan and the fourteen others, while Chas. L. Hayes and J. J. Moriarity were attornies for Rev. Carr. The wedding of Mr. Edward Nichols and Miss Dorothea Farr was solemnized at the residence of the bride, 1099 Kilborn street, last Saturday, only the bridal party and a few relatives and friends being present. The ceremony was performed by Rev. A. H. Lealtad. Miss Helen Johnson was bridesmaid; Miss Lucille Elliott was maid of honor; Dr. E. S. Weber, best man; Mr. W. Nichols of Duluth, groomsman; Mr. Mark Gibbs of Duluth, bridesmaid; followed the wedding and the bridal party and Mrs. Mark Gibbs formed the receiving line. The bridal presents were numerous and beautiful. The newlywed left for Duluth their future home, Sunday afternoon and will be at home to their friends at 617 Fifth Ave. E. Interno air friends MRS. MARY M MR. J. C. BRIG APTER MRS. THELMA TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS, COME, GREETING; ENTS COME GREETING! This certifies that I have this day appointed, designated and commissioned Sister Amina B. Harris, Deputy Grand Matron of the Harmony Grand Chapter, Order of the Eastern Star of Missouri and its Jurisdiction; to act in said capacity for the district of St. Paul, Minn.; Duluth, Minn., and their vicinties; said sister is hereby Defective Page IN MEMORIAM. CLIFFORD SMITH DEAD GRAND CHARITY BALL Come and help a worthy Institution and have an enjoyable evening at one and the same time; come and bring your friends ANNOUCEMENT EXTRAORDINARY -Under the auspices of the Minneapolis Fraternal Association, one of the biggest and best entertainments that has ever been offered will be presented at the biggest and most beautiful hall in Minneapolis, viz: ARCADIA DANCING ACADEMY, 5th St. S., opposite House. The entertainment will consist of the wonderful photoplay, "As the World Moves On," with Jack Johnson, ex-heavyweight world champion playing the lead, supported by all an all star cast, including the Afro-Spanish beauty, Miss Blanche Thompson and America's leading colored photoplay star, Reed Thomas. Seven big reels JUST ONE BIG T THE THIRD OF A SERIES OF WI GOPHER LODGE I.B.P. GOPHER 105 CERVUSAL NEW AFI Corner of Eighth and O Monday Ev GOOD MUSIC BY PROF. The Elk Committee will serve you COMMITTEE OF A Edw. Eastman, Chairman, A. J. To S. Wright, F. Gilbert, C. Edwards, R ADMISSION 50 CENTS THE THIRD OF A SERIES OF WINTER DANCES TO BE GIVEN BY GOPHER LODGE I.B.P.O.E. GOPHER 105 OF THE WORLD CERVUS ALCES NO. 105 I.B.P.O.E.W. NEWARCADIA Monday Eve'g, Feb.27 GOOD MUSIC BY PROF. MOORE'S JAZZ HOUNDS The Elk Committee will serve you that "So Good" Elk Fruit Punch Edw, Eastman, Chairman, A. J. Todd, W. T. Thurston, W. A. Yeiser S. Wright, F. Gilbert, C. Edwards, R. H. Moore, E. Jones, Fr. Manager authorized and empowered to supervise the warranted chapters, to organize new chapters and to do each and every other thing requisite to the welfare of the Order of the Eastern Saints. Given under by hand and the official seal of my office this 30th day of Dec. A. D. 1921. Kansas City, Mo. Princess Oziel Chaper No. 45, O. E. St. St. Paul, Minn., belongs to Harmony Grand Chapter, Kansas City, Mo. The Deputy Grand Matron received the warrant Jan. 23, 1922; presented it to Princess Oziel Chapter Feb. 2, 1922. MRS. MARY McFARLAND, Worthy Matron. MR. J. C. BRIGHT, Worthy Patron. MRS. THELMA TRESIVANN, Secretary. All persons desiring to consult Deputy Grand Matron, Mrs. Anna B. Harris, please call at 285 Rondo St. Tel. Dale 4689- Advertisement. COSMOPOLITAN GROCERY 558 ST. ANTHONY, COR. KENT TO MY PATRONS: After an absence of several months from the city, I have returned with the deter- Nie Archer Geo. C. Shannon d Turner Chas. Sheppard 50 CENTS Y INVITED will show Rube Foster and his justly welcome *Chicago American Giants, including, Torrentti, the Babe Ruth of the Colored National League, playin for the league leadership in opposition to the Kansas City Monarchs, also Sam Crawford, Captain of the K. C. Monarchs, with his all star team, defeat the Chicago Giants and the Detroit Stars. Other pictures will be the Elks at Kansas City, the Odd Fellows at St. Joseph and the Knights of Pythias at Topeka. There will be two pictures, one at 8:30 and two at 1:45 A. M. Music by Stevens chestra. Admission 75 cents. W. C. Jeffrey, Pres.; W. R. Morris, Treas; Ralph Watson, Jas. H. Burke, Wm. H. Walker, B. F. Finney, F. G. Thomas, chairmen—Advertisement. E MORE TIME! ENTER DANCES TO BE GIVEN BY NO. 105 I.B.P.O.E.W. ARCADIA Cedar Streets, St. Paul e'g, Feb. 27 MOORE'S JAZZ HOUNDS u that "So Good" Elk Fruit Punch ARRANGEMENTS odd, W. T. Thurston, W. A. Yeiser R. H. Moore, E. Jones, Flr. Manager TAXIES AT MIDNIGHT mination to increase the trade at the COSMOPOLITAN GROCERY. The one way to do this is to have in stock what the people want, when they want it; and I am pleased to announce that I am ready to supply all the needs of the housewife in the line, of first-class groceries. With the new and complete stock of goods and things will be cheaper than heretofore. Housewives, call and look my bargains over and note my prices. My new motto is "Quick Sales and Small Profits. I want your trade. Orders of $2.00 delivered. Open from 6:30 a.m. to 7:00 p.m. SPECIAL! There will be a demonstration of the wonderful "M. J. B." coffee in airtight containers, all day and evening TODAY, when this regularly priced 55 cent coffee will be sold for 45 cents the pound. WHY THE WORD "ADVERTISEMENT." Under a recent ruling of the United States Postoffice Department, publishers are compelled to "label all editorials or other reading matter, other than displayed advertisements, for the publication of which money or other valuable consideration is paid accepted, or promised, with the word ADVERTISEMENT printed in full." CUSHION PADDED TOP LOCKING BAR ROUNDED EDGES LAUNDRY BAG SHOE BOX HAT BOX $45.00 is the sale price of this Hartmann Cushion Top Wardrobe Others $29.75, $39.75, $59.75 and $72.75 GARLAND LUGGAGE SHOP SIXTH AT CEDAR TWIN CITY REALTY CO. O. U. BRAY, PRES. 511 UNIVERSITY AVE., ST. PAUL TEL. FOREST 9553 Tel. Cedar 9603 Open All Night LEADING DOWN TOWN PLACE TO EAT Acme Club Cafe J. D. SIMPSON, MGR. First Class Meals and Lunches at All Hours And at Reasonable Rates ALL KINDS OF SOFT DRINKS 317 I-2 Wabasha St. St. Paul, Minn. MUSIC & ENTERTAINMENT NIGHTLY 40 E. THIRD ST. ST. PAUL CAFE OPEN AT ALL HOURS We Make A Specialty of Southern Dishes Tables Reserved For Parties Call Cedar 9088 UP-TOWN SANITARY OWEN HOWELL, MA SHOES - REPAIRI UP-TOWN SANITARY SHOP OWEN HOWELL, MANAGER SUITS SPONGED AND PRESSED GENTS SUITS DRY CLEANED 339 WABASHA ST. PHELPS HOTEL AND CAFE MRS. SYLESTUS PHELPS, PROP. STRICTLY FIRST CLASS MEALS TO ORDER AT ALL HOURS FRIED CHICKEN AND HOT CORN FRITTERS FOR AFTER THEATER PARTIES A SPECIALTY STRICTLY FIRST CLASS MEALS TO ORDER AT ALL HOURS FRIED CHICKEN AND HOT CORN FRITTERS FOR AFTER THEATER PARTIES A SPECIALTY 246 4TH AVE. S. MINNEAPOLIS TEL. DALE 9265 COSMOPOLITAN GROCERY First Class Staple and Fancy Groceries Vegetables, Fruits, Confectionery Ice Cream, Cigars, Tobacco, Cigarettes. Strictly Cash and Carry System 558 St. Anthony Saint Paul Don't argue with dirt. Pearline TEL. CEDAR 8081 Tel. Atlantic 4878 TARY SHOP MANAGER RING - CLOTHES FRENCH DRY CLEANING LADIES SUITS DRY CLEANED ST, PAUL, MINN. MEALS TO ORDER OURS - CORN FRITTERS FOR MES A SPECIALTY MINNEAPOLIS J. B. H. with dirt QUICK SERVICE Tel. Main 5462 EXTRAORDINARY THE DOINGS IN AND ABOUT THE GREAT "FLOUR CITY." Matters Social, Religious and General Which Have Happened and Are to Happen Among the People of the City. Minneapolis Fraternal Hall Association Presenting Andlauer's New And Wonderful Photoplay Mrs. John Sellers is convalescent. The Sunday Forum meets at Border M. E. church tomorrow afternoon. Mr. and Mrs. R. A. Van Hook have sold their clothes renovating and dressmaking shop on Sixth Ave. N. Postmaster E. A. Purdy has appointed eleven new postal carriers to improve the postal service in the city. You would probably have more friends if they were sure they could use you before you had occasion to use them. Don't forget the Charity Ball for the benefit of Crispus Attucks Home on Tuesday evening, February 21, at Union Hall. St. Paul. Playing the leading role supported by an all star cast including Ames Lodge, Elks, is having considerable sickness among its members. At its last meeting $92 was voted out as relief and sick dues. Dr. Fred O. Nelson, specialist on rheumatism, has taken larger remodeled offices at the same address, 424 Nicollet Ave., Suite 16.—Advertisement. Johnson's, "Good Things to Eat," 2010 Cedar Ave, cor. Franklin, has a regular "Chicken Parlor" open all night. Telephone for reservations South 0805.—Advertisement. Prop. W. T. Johnson, has secured the services of the popular waitress, Miss Essie Langum, at his Cafe, Chicken and Oyster Parlor, 2010 Cedar Ave.—Advertisement. Under the efforts of Mrs. Susie Bogie and Mr. W. C. Jeffrey the Sunday Forum has been revived and will meet every other Sunday afternoon at Border M. E. church. MISTER, if you are thinking of buying a car, new or used, you can learn how, when and where you can get a bargain by calling Drexel 0254 or Drexel 1683. DO IT NOW. —Advertisement. Electa Chapter No. 73, O. E. S., will give a Colonial party at Viking hall, 720 South Fourth street, Wednesday, February 22, Washington's birthday. Prizes will be given for the best colonial costumes. Moore's music. Mrs. Ollie Phelps, who is widely known as the "Fried Chicken Queen of the World," has purchased what was formerly Stewart's hotel, 246 Fourth Away S., and will conduct the "Chicken Shop De Luxe" there. The talk of the town is the entertainment extraordinary which is to be staged under the auspices of the Fraternal Hall Association at Arcadia Dancing Academy on Monday evening, Feb. 20. Watch for further particulars. The Polar Wave Tailoring Co., Willie Wicks, proprietor, is now located at 535 Dupont, 6th Ave, N. Custom tailoring, repairing, dry cleaning, pressing. Hats cleaned and blocked. We call and deliver. — Advertisement. The legal fraternity of the city has a new addition in the person of Atty, Glesner Fowler, who formerly practiced law in California. He has opened offices in the old New England Blld. 80 S. Sixth St. He also has his office open evenings and Sundays. Advertisement. On last Sunday evening, Lincoln's birthday, the Sunday school of Vine Congregational church commemorated the same with a program of appropriate exercises. Attorney W. R. Morris was the speaker of the evening. This was the fourth time that Mr. Morris has acted in the same capacity. Mrs. Lillian G. Burris and Mrs. R. A. Van Hook, leading milliner and modiste, respectively, are the promoters of a pre-Lenten Style Show and Promenade to be given at Flks' Hall, Sixth avenue N. and Lyndale, Monday evening, Feb. 27. Twenty living pieces, including Style. Revue which starts promptly at 9:30 noon. A beautiful $15 hat will be given to the lady holding the lucky number. Moore's music. Admission only 35 cents.-Advertisement. The biggest entertainment to be pulled off soon will be the one under the auspices of the Minneapolis Fraternal Hall Association at the biggest and best place in town, viz: ARCADIA DANCING ACADEMY, 5th St., opposite Court House, Monday evening, Feb. 20. The wonderful photoplay, "AS THE WORLD ROLLS ON," introducing ex-heavyweight picture tions in seven big reels. The champion, JACK JOHNSON in mongest colored photoplay drama ever produced with Jack Johnson playing the lead, supported by an all star cast, including the Afro-Spanish beauty, Miss Blanche Thompson and America's leading colored photoplay star, Reed Thomas. Two shows, 8:30 and 10:00 P. M. D. Painting 1:45 A. M. Music by Stevens Orchestra. Admission 75 cents. W. C. Jeffrey, Pres.; W. R. Morris, Treas.; Ralph Watson, Jas. H. Burke, Wm. H. Walker, B. F. Finney, F. G. Thomas, chairmen—Advertisement. CITATION EX. OF FINAL ACCOUNT, STATE OF MINNESOTA, County of Ramsey, ss. In the Matter of the Estate of Blakely Meals A La Carte at All Hours Housewives Supplied With Barbecued Meats on Special Orders. Ladies who do not wish to leave their cars will be specially served. W.P. THOMPSON MGR On reading and filing the petition of the representative of said estate, praying that the Court fix a time and place for examining, adjusting and allowing his FINAL ACCOUNT, and for the assistance of the residence of estate to the person whose petition was filed. It Is Ordered, That said petition be heard and that all persons interested in said matter be cited and required to attend the 14th day of March, 1922, at 10 o'clock, A. M., or as soon thereafter as said matter can be heard, at the Prosecutor's Office in the City of St. Paul, in said County and show cause, if any they have, why this petition be granted and that this citation be by publication there-of in the APPEAL, according to laws, and by mailing a copy of the Judge's Court. Before said day of hearing, to each of the heirs, devises and legates of said decedent whose names and addresses are known, to the Judge. Witness the Judge of said Court this 17th day of February, A. D. 1922. HOWARD WHEELER. (Seal of Probate Court. Attest: F. W. GOSEWISCH, Clerk of Probate. HAMMOND TURNER, Attorney. 221 Metropolitan Bank Bldg. (2-18-22) DR. EARL S. WEBER DENTAL SURGEON FIRST CLASS GUARANTEED WORK IN ALL BRANCHES OF DENTISTRY 84 W. SEVENTH ST. DANOTA BLDG. SUITE 203-204 ST. PAUL Tel. Dale 0605 HARRY LIGAN MERCHANT TAILOR Full line of Gents' furnishings and a lot of odd trousers for sale at prices ranging from $2.50 to $6.00 313 Rondo St. St. Paul Tel. Atlantic 6710. GLESNER FOWLER ATTORNEY AT LAW OPEN EVENINGS AND SUNDAYS 80 S. 6th St. Minneapolis St. Paul Steam Laundry "The Sanitary Laundry" Works: 289-291 Rice Street near Summit Branch Office: 443 Broadway St. W. B. Webster, Mgr. St. Paul 2 Shows 8:30 and 10 p. m. Dancing 'til 1:45 a. m. MINNEAPOLIS FRATERNAL HALL ASSOCIATION W. C. Jeffrey, President Ralph Watson W. R. Morris, Treasurer F. G. Thomas, Chrm., J. H. Burke, W. H. Walker, B. F. Finney TEL. CEDAR 8190 HAMMOND TURNER ATTORNEY AT LAW 321 MET. BANK BLDG. FIFTH AT CEDAR St. Paul GOODMAN'S have become famous for their large and varied line of beautiful, high grade ELGIN 14k. and 18k. solid white and green gold wrist WATCHES Meet Goodman, Wear Diamonds Here you will find accurate Elgin watches. All styles and shapes, the kind of watches that any wom- an will be proud to own. Priced from $19.75 to $75 20 Living Models displaying Street, Dinner and Evening Costumes Also The Latest In Spring Millinery Elgin Bracelet Watches Tomorrow we are making a special feature of a bracelet watch with 15 jewels—guaranteed in every respect. Fitted in 20-year gold-filled case. $9.75 50c Down 50c a Week Your Money Positively Refunded if You Can Buy Cheaper for Cash CREDIT-CERTAINLY Goodman's -JEWELERS- 94 East Seventh St. 94 ORIGINAL BARBECUE The Only Cafe of its kind in the Twin Cities WHY NOT TRY OUR NEW FAMILY WASH? REAL ESTATE IF YOU WISH TO BUY OR SELL WE SHALL BE PLEASED TO RENDER YOU WHATEVER SERVICE POSSIBLE PORTERS' & WAITERS' CLUB 311 Hennepin Ave., Minneapolis, Minn. Phone Main 2592 Excellent Food at Minimum Prices. Soft Drinks of All Kinds. TOBACCO CIGARS CIGARETTES GLOVER SHULL, Pres. and Treas. EDDIE L. BOYD, Secy. O. A. McNAIR, Night Manager. Lower freight rates and coal costs next season should justify a $14.00 price. The reduction is made NOW as an added inducement to have you adopt Koppers Coke as your permanent fuel. [Picture of a man in a suit and tie]. A GIFT ELECTRICAL We are sure would be appreciated Make it Reading Lamp, Vacuum Cleaner or anything Electrical WE HAVE IT We will make delivery any date Minnesota Chandelier Co. 369 Jackson Street IF YOU ARE PARTICULAR ABOUT YOUR CLOTHES CALL CEDAR 5764 THE PANTORIUM Koppers Coke For sale by S. BRAND MAY BLACK MASON Mezzo Soprano available for CONCERTS AND RECITALS OPERA ORATORIO FRENCH, GERMAN, ITALIAN Res. 1045 Cross Ave. Phone Dale 2668 St. Paul, Minn. $12.60 HARD COAL HARD COAL SHOULD BE $12.60 INSTEAD OF $17.95 WHEN COMPARED WITH COKE AT $14.00, BECAUSE IT HAS BEEN DETERMINED BY UNIVERSITY EXPERIMENT DEPARTMENT THAT COKE GIVES 11½% MORE HEAT THAN HARD COAL. THEREFORE BUY COKE. LIBERTY BONDS ACCEPTED. HOLMES & HALLOWELL. 12 E. SIXTH, NEAR WABASHA. "Furnace Chunks" hold fire over night, for stoves, ranges and furnaces. The Very Best. Liberty Bonds Accepted. Holmes & Hallowell, 12 E. Sixth, near Wabasha PAINLESS DENTISTRY ```markdown ``` TEL. CEDAR 6975 HOURS 9 A.M. TO 1 P.M. & 2 TO 6 P.M. SUNDAYS & EVENINGS BY APPOINTMENT DR. L. RAYMOND HILL DENTAL SURGEON First Class Guaranteed Work in All Branches of Dentistry 303 COURT BLOCK 24 E. 4TH ST. Tel. Dale 8339 We Call For and Deliver ELMER MORRIS DRUGGIST Drugs, Medicines, Soda Water Soft Drinks, Toilet Articles Candies, Cigars, Tobacco, Ice Cream Brick or Bulk. Gas and Electric Fixtures Fishing Tackle Dale & W. Central St. Paul ELKHURST 3473 QUICK SERVICE CALL ONCE AND YOU WILL CALL AGAIN ELK TAILORING CO. CLEANING, PRESSING, DYE- ING AND REPAIRING 306 RONDO ST. ST. PAUL, MINN. F. B. SIMPSON GEO. W. WILLS Tel. Dale 1914 Tel. Dale 2541 Office Phones: Cedar 1024 Tri-State 24 240 SIMPSON & WILLS Undertakers, Funeral Directors and Embalmers Calls Answered Promptly Day or Night Lady Assistant When Desired Office and Chapel 234 WEST FOURTH ST. ST. PAUL 1.00 DOWN GOLDMAN Gives Greater Values Purchases Any Diamond or Watch In This Store PAY AT YOUR CONVENIENCE 50c a Week Royal Jewelers, Inc. DAVE GOLDMAN, Mgr. 408 Robert St. Ryan Hotel Building.