St. Paul Echo

GET in line and start working for the Essex Coach that the St. Paul Echo is giving away. It's easy. VOL. 2, NO. 33 A.M.E. SESSIONS BEGIN TUESDAY AT MINNEAPOLIS Session Lasting Four Days With Representatives From Three States. Able Workers Appear Five-act Pageant Written by Armeda Wilkins Will Be Portrayed. The St. Paul District of the Northwestern Conference of the A. M. E. church is composed of the churches of that denomination in the Dakota, Minnesota and Northern Iowa. The sessions, lasting four days, begin Tuesday, June 21, at St. James, Minneapolis. During that time there will be district sessions of church stewards and pastors, missionary, Christian Endeavor and Sunday School workers. Able Workers Appear. Akers Workers Appear. While Rev. T. B. Stovall, presiding elder, prides himself upon conducting an interesting District Conference, the Sunday School Convention has acquired a national standing for excellence. It was the late Bishop Levi J. Coppin who said he had never seen such a Sunday School convention and Institute team as Miss Armeda Wilkins, Mrs. Bertha Lewis King and O. C. Hall. Those persons and others of equal ability if less distinction will appear upon the program. Perhaps the peak of the session will be a five-ave pageant called "Convention Light," written by Miss Armeda Wilkins. The scenes are to be living pictures portraying the evolution of the A. M. E. Sunday School. There are to be no rehearsals. The participants are to be chosen from the Convention to demonstrate the possibilities that lie about us. Mrs. Bertha Lewis King's appearance is labeled, "A Glimpse Into the Primary." Her training in primary methods and child psychology added to her gift as a teacher and her devotion, give her great power and authority. Every person who appears upon the program has been invited because of special fitness. All sessions are open to the public. Many distinguished out-of-town guests are expected. Rt. Rev. A. L. Gaines is the Bishop of the Conference; Rev. T. B. Stovall is presiding elder of the St. Paul District; O. C. Hall is Dist. Supt. of Sunday Schools; Mrs. Anna Collins, Dist. Pres. of Missions; Miss Bertha Mae Dickerson, Dist. Pres. of Allen C. E. League; Rev. W. H. Griffin is Educational Commissioner. ST. PAUL BAPTIST CHURCH A delegation of Gideons, including their president, Mr. Cole, and other special officers, worshipped with us last Sunday morning. Rev. Reynolds of Minneapolis was introduced by Mr. Harden and preached an unusually strong sermon. Also, Mr. Sample of Galesburg, Ill., and Pres, Cole made brief but strong addresses. A handsome after offering was given for placing Bibles into hotel rooms. The Soul Winners' Circle had a good meeting in the afternoon. The pastor, Rev. T. J. Carr, preached in a pleasant evening service. Beginning with Monday night, June 20, bright stars will shine each evening of the chautaqua in music, readings and addresses. The public is invited. Free admission except Thursday night. ONE YEAR AGO THIS WEEK A mass meeting given by the Minneapolis Colored Citizens' League was held at O. K. Hall when a number of candidates in primary election spoke before a large crowd of enthused Negro voters. Miss Ozzie Shauffner, popular entertainer, was amusing the guests at the Thursday night cabaret dance at Elks' Hall, Minneapolis. Tom Davis, Farmer-Labor candidate for the nomination for Governor, was principal speaker at the Welcome Hall Playgrounds. A pageant was given by 24 Sunday School children, 6-14 years of age, at St. James Church. The St. Paul Echo Minn Historical Society Minn Historical Bldg St Paul Minn Peonage Farm "Didn't Use Force" Merely Struck, Whipped Negroes Her Appearance on Program Is Labeled "A Glimpse Into the Primary" Bertha Lewis King Mrs. King's training in primary methods and child psychology added to her gift as a teacher and her devotion, give her great power and, authority. ST.PAUL WOMAN DIES IN THE EAST ST.PAUL WOMAN DIES IN THE EAST Former St. Paulite, Once Organist at St. Philips Episcopal Church. Friends in the Twin Cities were shocked to learn of the death of Miss Mac Williams, former St. Paul young woman, daughter of Mr. Ed Williams, train porter on the C. P. R. Railway for many years before his removal to Philadelphia. Miss Williams died in Philadelphia Saturday, June 11, from injuries sustained in an automobile accident. She was an accomplished musician, a graduate of the New England Conservatory of Music and served as organist at St. Philips Episcopal church while conducting a music studio in this city. Miss Williams was prominent in church, social and musical circles and a member of the Twin City Matrons' club. She is survived by her father, Edward Williams, and a sister, Bertha Williams. The body was brought to St. Paul for interment in the family plot at Oakland cemetery, under the direction of Mrs. T. H. Lyles, undertaker. Brief services were held, Father A. H. Lealtad officiating. Man Accused by Felton Is Freed —Georgia "Peonage King" Dr. King Is Found "Not Guilty" by Federal Jury. New York, June 16.—Although Dr. W. R. King, proprietor of an alleged peonage farm in Oglethorpe County, Georgia, admitted he struck and whipped Negroes, he denied having used force to keep them on his plantation and was acquitted of the peonage charge by a Federal Court jury in Athens, Ga. When it was learned that James Felton, the colored man who escaped to Danville, Va., was to be taken to Georgflia to testify, the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People wrote the Department of Justice voicing apprehension for Felton's safety and urging that he be safeguarded. Felton after testifying, was returned to Virginia and there released. One of the witnesses at the trial testified he had been warned not to testify against Dr. King. A number of Negroes who left the plantation, it was testified, "were caught on the road," when it was "discovered" that tools and provisions were missing after they had left. Reports of peonage on Dr. King's farm have been made and called to the attention of the Department of Justice for some months prior to the trial just concluded. ST. PAUL-MINNEAPOLIS, MINNESOTA, SATURDAY, JUNE 18, 1927 O. C. Hall Mr. Hall is the District Superintendent of Sunday Schools and is an authority on all phases of the Sunday School work. He will appear on the program during the convention. POKEGAMA LAKE ADDITION NEWS Lot Purchasers Contemplate Starting Gardens, Raising Vegetables. Those who have purchased lots at the Pokegama Lake Addition near Pine City, Minn., are contemplating starting gardens, raising what they want in the line of vegetables. Those who are fortunate enough to have such foresight will be getting their winter's supply of vegetables from the lot they own. Besides the convenience of having fresh table greens this summer there is the added pleasure of being out in the open. If you have not been to this Nature's Playground to see for yourself what recreational facilities are to be enjoyed, call or write the Samford Investment Company, Geneva 4084, 605 Temple Court Bldg., Minneapolis, Minn., or Dr. M. W. Judy, 3533 4th Ave. So., who will gladly furnish any information requested. Do not forget to be with your friends on July 3 and 4 during the big celebration to be held at this beautiful summer resort superb.— Adv. We would be pleased to have a small amount on your subscription. Didn't Use Force" Whipped Negroes LANE DONATES COLISEUM John J. Lane donated the Coliseum to the St. Paul Echo on Monday evening, June 13, for the display of the Essex Coach that is to be given away in the Echo contest. By the displaying of the car new life was added to the contest and a number of new girls have entered. Wally Erickson's orchestra furnished the music for the occasion. VISITORS AT ST. PETERS Rev. C. B. Burton of Zion Baptist church, Minneapolis, delivered a very inspiring sermon Sunday afternoon at St. Peters Baptist church, 140 E. Fairfield Ave., St. Paul. Visitors present were Rev. and Mrs. C. B. Burton, Rev. and Mrs. H. C. Claybrook, Rev. and Mrs. Crowder and Mr. and Mrs. Thomas Perkins of Minneapolis. WELCOME HALL NOTES Welcome Hall will give a musical concert at Central Presbyterian Church, featuring an adult chorus, junior chorus, and several soloists, June 20, at 8 P. M. Mr. John Hickman is the director. Come and hear good singing. The Summer Daily Vacation School will-open June 27 at 9 A. M. Why not put subscribing for the Echo in your co-operation plans? PLANS ANNOUNCED BY THE N.A.A.C.P. FOR CONFERENCE PLANS ANNOUNCED BY THE N.A.A.C.P. FOR CONFERENCE Speakers to Include Darrow, Zona Gale and Others of Prominence Fine Musical Program President Coolidge Has Sent Message of Greeting to Be Read. New York, June 10—The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, 69 Fifth Avenue, today announced plans for its 18th Annual Conference in Indianapolis in the week of June 22 to 28. Coolidge Sends Greetings. President Coolidge has sent a message of greeting which is to be read at the opening of the Conference. A prominent list of people is on the program of the night mass meetings of the Conference, including Clarence Darrow; Zona Gale, the novelist and playwright; Congressman Hamilton Fish, Jr., of New York; Charles S. Johnson, Editor of Opportunity; Dr. Will W. Alexander, Director of the Commission on Interracial Co-operation in Atlanta, and Bishop W. T. Vernon of the A. M. E. Church. The latest to accept an invitation to address the Conference is N. C. Newbold, Director of the Division of Negro Education of the State of North Carolina, to whose efforts the development of high schools in that State are largely due. Geo. W. Hamilton, Jr., to attend. Attorney Geo. W. Hamilton, Jr., chairman of the St. Paul branch of the N. A. A. C. P., expects to leave St. Paul for the Indianapolis con- vention on Tuesday evening, June 21. He said that attending the con- vention depends largely upon being able to arrange his business during his absence. All the high mass meetings of the N. A. A. C. P. Conference are to be held in Caleb Mills Hall, at North and Pennsylvania Streets, a large auditorium near the center of Indianapolis. The Sunday mass meeting, which is to be addressed by Mr. Darrow and James Weldon Johnson, is to be held in Cadle Tabernacle, Ohio and New Jersey Streets, a huge auditorium used for concerts and large meetings, which seats upwards of 10,000 people. Elaborate musical programs have been prepared, and there will be a half-hour musical recital by a local church choir, assisted by individual singers and pianists, before the opening of each mass meeting. Citizens to Entertain. Citizens to Entertain. On Saturday, June 25, the Conference will be entertained by the citizens of Indianapolis, with an automobile ride to points of interest, including the celebrated Indianapolis automobile speedway, the evening being devoted to an entertainment and dance tendered the visiting delegates and members and their friends. Heavy registration of delegates is reported by the N. A. A. C. P. and an unusually large attendance at the Indianapolis Conference is expected. Conference headquarters, for registration and housing, have been established at Bethel A. M. E. Church, Vermont and Toledo Streets. All day sessions of the Conference are to be held at this church. MIRROR MAKES HIT AT LANGER JEWELRY STORE An advertising feature which is attracting unusual interest is a disappearing mirror recently installed at our neighborhood jewelry store owned by E. J. Langer, 491 No. Dale St. When one steals a glance in the mirror in order to see if his hat is on straight a display of jewelry appears as if by magic. Special inducements are offered at this popular store. If you are planning on buying a graduation or wedding gift, don't forget 491 No. Dale St. Girls wanted to enter a popularity contest. Valuable prizes to be given away. Apply the St. Paul Echo. 614 Court Block, Cedar 1879. University Graduates Include Five Colored The Senior Class of the University of Minnesota held their Commencement exercises Monday, June 13, 1927. Earl Wilkins, Chauncey Cooper, Theodore Inge, Walter Willis and Dr. Alfred Elkins were the graduates of our group this year. We congratulate these young men and wish them luck in their various fields of endeavor. But where is the sweet girl graduate this commencement? It isn't often that the fair sex permits the men to carry off all the laurels. However, these worthy, young men deserve all the honors that can be given them. Big Surprise Given At Elks Cabaret Dance Those who attended the Cabaret Dance in Minneapolis Thursday evening at the Elks' Hall were amply repaid with a program of exceptional merit presented by Exalted Ruler Byron S. Holder. Messrs. Whiting and Willis, fresh from a tour of the Pantages circuit, gave one of their famous exhibitions of clog dancing which puts them in a class all their own. Those two favorites, Scotty Williams and Jazzbo Butler, staged their specialty number at the request of their many admirers. As a surprise feature Mr. Holder introduced Mrs. Bobbie Harris, a soprano soloist appearing at the Pantages theater with the Exposition Four and wife of E. O. Harris, bass singer of the quartet. With Sid Williams, "King of the Ivories," at the piano, Mrs. Harris, whose beautiful voice places her on a par with Florence Mills, rendered "Indian Love Call" and "Blue Skies" in such a manner that the guests' applause was simply deafening, begging for another encore. Mr. George Duke, formerly of "Runnin' Wild," director of the quartet; Messrs. Harris, Lloyd Mitchell and Gaylord Caldwell were also guests of Ames Lodge and Minnehaha Temple. MINNEHAHA DAUGHTERS ELECT TEMPLE OFFICERS On Tuesday evening, June 14, the Elks' Minnehaha Temple Lodge elected the following officers: The Mesdames Gertrude A. Thomas, re-elected daughter ruler for her sixth term; Jessie Shannon, re-elected vice dt. ruler; Myrtle Pope, assistant vice dt. ruler; Jennie Johnson, dt chaplain; Nellie R. McCullough, financial sec.; Mammie Crowder, re-elected dt. recorder; Jessie Thomas, re-elected dt. treas.; Ruth Walker, re-elected gatekeeper; Cora Williams, dt. doorkeeper; Cassie Hill, dt. organist; Esther Carroll, dt. trustee, and Miss Billie Madden, re-elected escort. Mrs. Mary Porter was re-appointed mistress of social sessions, and Mrs. Gertrude A. Thomas was elected delegate to the grand convention. AMES ELECTS OFFICERS On Tuesday evening, June 14, the Elks' Ames Lodge 106 held an election of officers at the Elks' Hall, 6th and Lyndale Ave., Minneapolis. The following officers were re-elected: Byron Holder, ex. ruler; W. W. Humphrey, esteem leading knight; George Johnson, loyal knight; Isaac Moore, leading knight; Mm. R. Mooris, fin. sec.; Ross Hamilton, tyler; Worth Jones, esquire. The Messrs. Byron Holder, Ed L. Boyd and Wm. R. Mooris were elected delegates to the national convention. Messrs. Joe Levy and George Brannon were elected alternates. CRISPUS ATTUCKS HOME After the cleaning of the Crispus Attucks Home, which was made possible by the churches, clubs, lodges and many friends in and out of the city, the Home was opened and viewed by the public on the evening of June 2, 1927. An interesting program was rendered. A beautiful flag was presented to the Home by the ladies of the G. A. R. Owing to the length of the program only a few of the rooms were dedicated. The undedicated rooms will be dedicated at an early date. The Association is very grateful to all contributors to this wonderful cause. HOOVER MEETS COLORED ADVISORY FLOOD COMMISSION, SEES REFUGEES Evils and Abuses Reported From Some Camps Ordered to Be Corrected. Abuses To Be Corrected Conditions in Camps Ideal Where Colored Leaders Advise Red Cross. Baton Rouge, La., June 18—(Staff Correspondence Associated Negro Press)—Secretary Herbert Hoover, in charge of flood relief, learned the story of the great Mississippi disaster from a new angle Saturday. He saw it through the eyes of the Negro refugee as he sat in conference in the unique old state capitol building here with the colored Advisory Commission on Mississippi Flood Relief and listened to the detailed reports of what this commission appointed by him ten days ago to investigate complaints from refugee camps and suggest solutions for problems found had seen and heard. Correction Ordered. At the conclusion of the meeting in which James L. Fleser, active directing head of the National Red Cross in the stricken territory, and his assistant, Robert L. Bondy, also sat, Mr. Hoover and Mr. Fleser ordered the immediate correction of the evils and abuses reported from some of the camps and arranged to retain a sub-committee of the commission for service and advice in the big task of rehabilitation which faces the country. Doctor Robert R. Moton, presided at the meeting. The reports presented showed conditions almost ideal in some of the camps, especially where colored leaders had been called in to advise with the local Red Cross and been given complete charge of any activities, but members of the commission were bitter in their comment on conditions in several camps, particularly at Greenville, Mississippi; Opolansas, Louisiana, and Sicily Island, Louisiana. The searching investigations carried on by the members of the commission, who, amid great hardships, traveling night and day through the flooded district at times, taking the same fare as the refugees, visited thirty camps, disclosed one outstanding fact in regard to the flood relief. The National Red Cross not only has done a gigantic, staggering task in rescuing, housing, and protection of the refugees and done it efficiently, but it has been eminently fair and just in its orders and practices. In those camps where unfair treatment was met out the commission placed the blame squarely on the shoulders of the local Red Cross committees composed of the white southern citizens of the communities where the camps were located. Work in Units. Red Cross activities are based upon county units which are active or in form in times of peace as well as disaster, and the final word and contact with the refugees is in its hands. These men in the instances complained of interpreted or rather misinterpreted the policy of the National Red Cross to suit themselves, giving out clothing and supplies and arranging camp programs according to their idea of what Negroes needed rather than what the Red Cross laid down in its orders. Every criticism was noted by Mr. Fiesler and machinery set in motion to improve the conditions pointed out at once. Because of the lightning speed with which the Red Cross works the commission expects its recommendations to take effect at once. Among the things asked were the immediate removal of white militia from those camps where they carried rifles, the provision of proper eating facilities, including tables, seating arrangements and utensils at Openlansas, Sicily Island and Vicksburg, the only camps where they were inadequate, the establishment of auxiliaries to the Red Cross composed of colored men and women in those places containing camps where they were not now functioning and that these committees be allowed to co-operate with the different rehabilitation committees located in the different states or counties, so that fair dealing with the needy tenant and land owner may be assured. Health Excellent. The commission reported health in the camps excellent, but six inmates having died with very little sickness. MINNESOTA NEW HISTORICAL firms are advertising in the Echo. Have you heard about finding out for new business. PRICE FIVE CENTS Food everywhere was excellent. It found no camps where refugees were being detained but censured strongly Greenville, Mississippi, where W. A. Percy, son of a former senator of the state, has assumed the role of a dictator and issued peremptory orders affecting Negro refugees. A colored committee headed by C. B. Young and Levyo Chappelle, is now co-operating with Percy, who insists the daily papers misquoted his orders. But the commission asked that while it had been impossible to prove they were detaining men, a close watch be kept on the situation. This is to be done. At Vicksburg, detectives are carrying on a secret investigation. Hoover Gains Knowledge. Members of the commission were startled as plans were discussed for helping those stricken people back to their feet to discover the clear insight which Mr. Hoover has gained into the whole situation. He declared it was a big job, but that the Red Cross was in it to see it through. When he had finished outlining the plans being worked out for rehabilitation it was clearly apparent that his efficient mind saw through the whole plantation, tenant and small land owner system. His hearers were convinced of his sympathetic attitude and that he regarded conditions as both uneconomic and unfair. While he showed clearly that he did not expect the Red Cross with "Money given for the Charity" to do the impossible or change the economic system of the South, he seemed convinced that a way would be found to assure the tenants and small land owners of support and help until a new crop was made even if such a program took eighteen months. Their plans, he said, are directly on aid for the tenant and small land owner, 90 per cent of whom are Negroes and as in the flood relief, it will not go through the plantation owner who already has land as basis for liberal credit. The Secretary expressed his appreciation of the assistance given by the commission. The dual character of the population made it difficult, he explained, to gather up and house two or three hundred thousand people and to deputize great authority to individuals, many of whom had not been accustomed to authority without mistakes being made, but that the Red Cross was a national, not a sectional, institution, and with the help and advice of the sub-committee, he hoped they would be able to do a good job of rehabilitation. The commission will issue a complete report showing the detailed investigations made at once. It will be in printed form available for the press and the public. While at Baton Rouge the members were entertained by President Joseph S. Clark at Southern University. Commission Named. Bishop Robert E. Jones was elected vice-chairman of the body. Members of the commission were: Dr. Robert R. Moton, Chairman; Bishop Robert E. Jones of the M. E. Church; President Joseph S. Clark of Southern University, Miss.; Eva Bowles, National Secretary Y. W. C. A., New York; Thomas Hayes, president of the Solvent Savings Bank, Memphis; Eugene Knickle Jones, Executive Secretary of the National Urban League; Dr. S. D. Redmond, Mississippi; Dr. J. B. Martin, Memphis; Jesse O. Thomas, Atlanta; Dr. L. M. McCoy, President, Rust College; Bert M. Roddy, Memphis; A. L. Holsey, Tuskegee Institute, Ala.; Dr. Roscoe Brown, Asst. Secretary, National Medical Association; Thomas M. Campbell, U. S. Department of Agriculture, in charge Mississippi Valley states; Miss F. C. Williams, Public Health Expert; Mrs. John Hope, Morehouse College; R. R. Taylor, vice-principal, Tuskegee Institute, and Claude A. Barnett. GIRLS TO GIVE PAGEANT A pageant of the Girl Reserves of the Young Women's Christian Association will be given by the Central Avenue Branch Girl Reserves Wednesday, June 22, at 8 P. M. at the Main Y. W. C. A., 123 W. Fifth St. This production is given for the benefit of the summer Conference Funds. Admission 25 cents. We are urging the co-operation of our friends. President and General Manager.....CYRUS L. LEWIS Secretary-Treasurer.....EUGENE JACKSON, JR. Contributing Editor.....EARL WILKINS Duluth Representative...Mrs. Wm. A. Porter, 1029 E. 3rd St., Duluth, Minn. Telephone Hemlock 1533 Advertising rates furnished upon application. "Entered as second class matter Nov. 7, 1925, at the post office at St. Paul, Minn., under the act of March 3, 1879" May I ask for space in The Echo to express as briefly as possible my personal opinion, and at the same time call the attention of your readers as well as the attention of the general public to the latest—as far as I know—characteristic Georgia outrage. This latest outrage was committed not only upon the Negroes, but the White's as well, and is in perfect keeping with many other crimes of similar nature that state seems to delight in, and by so doing flonts with evident pride; its absolute contempt of the Declaration of Independence, the Constitution of the United States, as well as all National and state laws. It strikes me it is both fitting and timely to suggest to the peoples of that notorious crime ridden state, to change their state motto so as to read: "To h—with the Constitution, and all other laws demanding equal justice to all. We are a law unto ourselves, therefore we will do just as we d—n please." Such a state motto, besides being truly appropriate, would have the additional good feature of being original, and, also, of savoring on the honest truth. It would, in addition, call attention to the fact that while Georgia is seeking for white immigration, that state is an exceptionally good one for every law-abiding, loyal, honest person looking for a new home, a business location or a place to invest money, to keep away from. If Georgia is seeking the ignoble leadership of lawlessness from Oklahoma, or any of the other Southern states, she is certainly on the right road to satisfy her ambition. The appended Associated Press dispatch from Athens, Ga., under date of June 7, and published in our local papers of even date, although meager, is sufficient to demonstrate the state's idea of justice. This Dr. W. R. King is undoubtedly a prominent citizen in his community, and reckoned—and I think is—a good and faithful representative Georgian. I judge from the press dispatch he is a worthy follower of that inhuman wretch, and multi-murderer Swartz. But let us pray that this man King (a disgrace to the medical fraternity—now he is in the hands of the law, will not have to work overtime to catch up with Swartz in the number of murders, and let us pray and hope Dr. King receives the punishment he deserves if the charges made against him are proven true and justice prevails, let him give his life for his alleged crime and spend the remainder of his days in prison. Here in the North a murderer is either killed or sentenced to life imprisonment, and in the later case his citizenship is taken from him. But in the South it is far different. If a colored man, whether innocent or guilty of a crime, is lynched, burned at the stake or fiendishly, inhumanly, tortured, and the louder he screams, the more cruelly he suffers, the more enjoyment is manifested by the masses. I assert, and I claim, if the press reports are true as to Dr. King, the most hated, ignorant Negro in all the whole country is a far better American, and a more worthy citizen than he. While speaking about this last reported Southern outrage, I was asked, "What can be done to stop these outrages?" In my opinion this is a very easy problem to solve. I do not countenance in any way mob law or bloodshed; it does not have to be used. All outrages, lawlessness and crimes of every nature upon the American Negroes can be stopped entirely, and stopped by the Negroes themselves. I may at some future date explain how this can be accomplished, but now I've trespassed too long on the editor's kindness so ask you to read the following, and remember, THERE IS NO WRONG THAT CANNOT BE RIGHTED. WITNESSES BARE FARM CRUELTIES (Minneapolis Journal, 6-7-27) Athens, Ga., June 7.—(AP)—A picture of plantation Negroes hoeing corn and chopping cotton under threats of death, and suffering personal violence when incurring the displeasure of their wealthy employer, has been held up to a federal jury sitting in the trial of Dr. W. R. King, physician farmer, on charges of peonage. Barnett Arwood, a white man who worked on Dr. King's Oglethorpe county farm, testified he was struck down with a pistol for suggesting that he attend a barbecue on the farm. Prosecution witnesses were heard at the opening of the trial as the government laid the foundation for its specific charge that Dr. King forced Benny Dorsey, a Negro, to work on his farm without pay. An array of more than three score witnesses, several summoned by Dr. King, was held in readiness today by opposing counsel. One of the witnesses came from Danville, Va., with a story of cruelties that last week caused Governor Clifford Walker to order an investigation. James Felton, a Negro, told the Danville chief of police that, about 50 Negroes worked under armed guard on the King plantation, and that five were slain. He escaped about three weeks ago, he said, after working more than a year. As you think, you travel; and as you love, you attract. You are today where your thoughts have brought you; you will be tomorrow where your thoughts take you. You cannot escape the result of your thoughts, but you can endure and learn, can accept and be glad, you will realize the vision (not the idle wish) of your heart, be it base or beautiful, or a mixture of both, for you will always gravitate toward that which you, secretly, must love. Into your hands will be placed the exact results of your thoughts; you will receive that which you earn; no more, no less. Whatever your present environment may be, you will fall, remain, or rise with your thoughts, your vision, your ideal. You will become as small as your controlling desire; as great as your dominant aspiration. —JAMES ALEN. Editor The Echo: IDEALS press as briefly as possible, come call the attention the general public to the Georgia outrage upon the Negroes living with many other delight in, and by state contempt of the state of the United States, strikes me it is both that notorious crimes to read: "To h—standing equal justice we will do just as being truly approve of being original it would, in addition is seeking for white one for every law new home, a business away from. If Georgia press from Oklahoma certainly on the right from Athens, Ga. local papers of ever evaluate the state's idea intellectly a prominent citizen think—a good annotate the press dispute,utch, and multi-murder King (a disgrace to the law, will not certz in the number of deceives the punish him are proven true is alleged crime and killed or sentenced the citizenship is taken at. If a colored man married, burned at the hand and the louder he enjoyment is manly, if the press reportrant Negro in all the more worthy city it reported Southern stop these outrages to solve. I do not count does not have to be by every nature upon, and stopped by the state explain how the need too long on the swing, and remember RIGHTED. C. E. HINTON. ELTIES (7) of plantation Negroes of death, and sus- pleasure of the deral jury sitting i on charges of peo as Master Builders Birds are the most perfect builders, and—strange as it may sound—there is scarcely a trade that you will not find represented among these feathered craftsmans. Many of the nests of American birds are marvels of ingenuity, but their greatest efforts pale beside the wonders of the tropics. Weavers, carpenters, tailors, plasterers, tunnelers—these are but a few of the many trades that we find practiced when the nesting season arrives. The sand-martin and the kingfisher, both belong to the guild of tunnelers, and are content with a burrowed hole. Ducks, gulls, water hens, and corncrikes are all primitive builders, with no ideas beyond a rough and scanty collection of materials loosely thrown together on the ground. The house swallow is a plasterer, employing as his building materials nothing more than mud, but out of this he contrives to erect a nest that is wonderfully strong, and put together with neatness and care. The singing thrush uses more varied materials, a mixture of clay, cow manure, and moss, but well and truly laid, and forming a splendid home for the young birds. Theories Proved by Three notable figures in science, Copernicus, Kepler and Newton, stand for the three most far-reaching generalizations known in the history of human intellect. Copernicus, entirely unalded, worked out the theory that the earth moved around the sun, instead of the sun moving around the earth. That was in 1531. Then in 1609 Kepler announced that the earth and other planets moved around the sun in elliptical orbits, and stated the laws of motion that determined it. Then in 1087 came Newton with the "Principia" and "Gravitation," and the mechanism of the heavens was complete. Ever since the publication of Copernicus' book, 125 years before, the existence of some kind of force had been thought of as accounting for the movements of the planets, but it was left to Newton to demonstrate what that force was. He spent twenty years studying the problem before he was able to give to the world his conclusion—Kansas City Star. Little Reminder A Main street merchant told me that he went home a day or two ago and was surprised to see a rolling pin, decorated with blue ribbon, displayed at the front door. His key failed to work and his wife appeared in response to his ring. "Why the decorations, dearie?" he asked. "Just a reminder, darling," she replied, "that until the sidewalks become dry you are to remove your rubbers before entering the house." Then she showed him a dustpan half filled with sand she had swept up in the front hall as an accumulation following his entrance the night before—Biddeford Journal. First Modern Centenarian The first centenarian of modern times whose claims to having lived over one hundred were officially authenticated was Miss Elizabeth Gray, who died in Edinburgh, Scotland, 71 years ago, in her one hundred eighth year, says the Boston Post. She belonged to the upper circle of Scottish society, and investigators sald there was no room for doubt as to her great age. Many present-day physicians and scientists assert that many of the claimants to centenary honors are either guilty of deception or self-deceived. Practically all the "longevity cases" of our ancestors are now discredited. Desert Vegetation The Mesquite trees of the southwestern desert arrange themselves to share to the greatest extent the spare moisture of the country. The glant cacti rise in awkward shapes sometimes as high as fifty feet with ghostlike arms extending in various directions and at differing angles. Cholla cacti (pronounced choya) tempt the hungry cattle with succulent green, behind thorns more terrible than those possessed by any other American plant. Yet a single match will ignite the whole dreadful barricade and leave behind wholesome green juicy fodder. Nests Vary in Shape The commonest form of nest—that built by crows, mussel-thrushes, and so on—is rather like a basket. The bulfinch is a felt worker. Not content with a mere basket or cradle to contain the eggs and young, the wren, water-wagtail, and sit place a roof overhead, and construct a door at the side through which entrance is obtained. One of the most curious examples of this type of nest is that of the titmouse, which is strangely like a bottle in shape. Motor Philosophy One touch of gasoline makes the whole world spin. Give a man a chassis, four tires, a soap box and a horn, and he immediately wants to become the Vanishing American. From that time on, he believes in the survival of the fleetest. He has two mottoes: "Fright makes right," and "The other fellow is always wrong." —American Magazine. Wipe Out Sex Lines City life is rapidly making women masculine and men feminine, contends a writer in Liberty. "Male and female created He them," the writer points out, "but the cities have altered His plan and more and more are wiping out sex lines. "The male and female work at the same tasks," the writer explains, "ride the same subways, drive the same cars, play the same games, see the same shows. More and more, therefore, they think the same thoughts and have the same feelings. "Man is as adaptable to his environment as a chameleon is. The unsexing of men and women through city life is natural. City life softens men, makes them shrink from discomforts, standardizes their lives and thoughts. City life hardens women. The first ride in a crowded subway train is a shock to the natural modesty of a girl. "Cities are necessary in this complicated modern world. The country is the great restorer. Our dandified clerks and office workers, restored to the farm, quickly revert to shaving every other day or once a week, wearing old clothes, and stabbing across the table with a fork. In war the counter-jumpers begin to sing bass in a few months and revert to cave-man tactics." Walls of Old Fort Much like Concrete The remains of a blacksmith's shop, beautifully ornamented bracelets, objects like napkin rings, and implements that might possibly have been used for writing are among remarkable discoveries made in the vitrified Dumagio fort in the island of Bute, on the west coast of Scotland. The weapons and utensils date back to from 200 B. C, to 100 B. C. Sacks filled with bones of red deer, the early Scottish ox, swine, and other animals help to show what food was eaten over 2,000 years ago. The walls of the fort were 12 feet thick, the interior being filled with rubble or land-gathered stones. These were covered with brushwood, and the whole sealed up with clay. The brushwood was then ignited. The smothered combustion stopped the stones from fracturing, but allowed them to become viscous and run together, thus forming a kind of concrete of immense strength to which the two dry-stone settings became fixed. This was the forerunner of our modern reinforced concrete and cement structures. Recreations of the Great After protracted studies, Spinoza, world famous philosopher, would mix with the family where he lodged and join in the most trivial conversations, or unbend his mind by provoking spliders to fight each other. Socrates loved to play with children. Balzac amused himself with a collection of crayon portraits. Dr. Samuel Clarke used to amuse himself jumping over tables and chairs, while Doctor Swift exercised himself by running up and down the steps of the deanery. Even in his later days, when his constitution was almost broken down, he was, as Doctor Johnson observes, on his legs about ten hours a day.—Market for Exchange Resignation of President If the President were to resign, to whom would he hand his resignation? asks a correspondent. A section in a law passed in 1792 provides that "the only evidence of a refusal to accept of or of a resignation of the offices of President or vice president shall be an instrument in writing declaring the same, and subscribed by the person refusing to accept or resigning, as the case may be, and delivered into the office of the secretary of state."—Pathfinder Magazine. "Voiceless" Grasshoppers Volocetes Grasshoppers While those efficient-looking insects, with hind legs that look as if they meant business, are generally called stone or cave crickets, they are not crickets at all, but belong to a group called the wingless grasshoppers. All grasshoppers are wingless when young, says Nature Magazine, but these independent creatures feel able to get along without them all their lives. But since grasshoppers sing with their wings, these fellows, by disdaining them, have to go through life volceless. Fooled the Doctors Tasmania claims to be the healthlest spot in the British empire. Whether this is so or not, it is certain that a young officer of a British shipping company was sent there by his doctors, who told him he had not a year to live. He went to Tasmania, the company granting him a pension in the belief that it would be drawn for a very brief period. He drew that pension for 83 years, dying in Tasmania some years ago at the age of one hundred four. Guam American Island Guam isn't in the Philippines, but some 1,500 miles east of them, in the Mariana islands. It belongs to the United States, having been ceded by Spain at the conclusion of the Spanish-American war; we wanted it as a naval station and a cable center. It has an area of only about 210 square miles, and about 16,000 Polynesian inhabitants. A naval officer is appointed to serve as governor. FREE! FREE! 1 Essex Coach will be awarded in ECHO CONTEST Historical mention people in early times as bathing and cleansing themselves in some manner or another. Although the time of the first bath tub is fixed on or about 200 B. C., it was not until several centuries later that general use was made of tubs for bathing. The Greeks are said to have been the first to use what we might term a bath tub, but which was really only a bowl not large enough to hold a bather and which necessitated dipping the water out of the vessel and pouring it over the body. The practice of bathing flourished and the Greeks made luxurious use of it, but it took the early Romans to develop the practice almost into a fine art. Some of the largest Roman baths covered areas of a square mile and could accommodate over 3,000 people. For over 600 years Rome used no other medicine than her baths. The swimming tank in the city of Maceernas was the first to use warm water. No mention is made as to how the water was heated. The earliest method was to place heated stones in the water and later using dracones, or coils of thin brass pipes, which passed through large jars heated by flames of fire. Bathing spread to the English and in 1127 Henry I included bathing in the initiation ceremony accompanying the knighting of 600 commoners into the "Order of the Bath." Her Punishment Dora had been a bad girl, and her mother decided that a lecture would do a deal of good. Accordingly, she called her daughter on one side and the lecture took place. "Dora," admonished the girl's mother, "you must stop this abominable flirting. Remember, you'll be punished in the end!" "But, mother," protested the girl, "I have heard that you flirted, yourself, and you've never been punished." The older woman frowned. "Child," she returned with great solemnity, "some day I want you to make a close study of your father."—London Answers. Home Cooked Meals Try our Homemade Rolls, Pie and Cake TOASTED SANDWICHES ALEXANDERS SWEET SHOPPE Dale and Rondo Street Phone Dale 7175 FREE 1 Ess will be award To contestant receiving receiving greatest number of votes on LABOR DAY SEPT. 5, 1927 VOTE AND VOTE OFTEN In event of a tie 2 coaches will be given away. One to each contestant tied for first prize. Address all communications to CONTEST MANAGER St. Paul Echo 614 Court Block St. Paul, Minn. "The End of the Trail" The statue of an Indian with a spear under his arm, sitting on a horse, in an attitude of utter abandon, is intended to symbolize the passing of a great race—the Indian once the proud, unchallenged master of this continent and its plains and streams and forests, but who now, as the sculptor, James Earl Fraser conceived it, stands hopeless and despairing at "the end of the trail." The statue is very literally at the end of the trail, too, in Golden Gate park San Francisco. St. Elmo's fire consists of brushlike tufts of light which sometimes appear on all pointed objects or those with sharp angles, during a thunderstorm or snowstorm. It has also appeared on the masts of ships at sea. It is most common at high elevations on mountains. It is simply a brush discharge of electricity due to the large change in potential with height. A hissing sound is usually heard and sometimes an odor is noticed. "Looming" is a phenomenon allied to mirage, occurring chiefly over the ocean near the seashore and in the Arctic regions. Rays of light passing upward from an object through a warmer and less dense layer of air above it are bent by refraction so that total reflection takes place, and the observer sees an inverted image above the object. Objects even below the horizon may be brought into view in this way and nearer objects seem much raised and elongated. Groceries and Meats FRESH DRESSED POULTRY AT ALL TIMES Phone Dale 0299 Rondo, Corner Mackubin REED'S abin BIDE-A-WEE EAT SHOP Ice Cream Sodas—Candles— Fancy Sundaes—Fried Chicken —Short Orders—Cigars and Cigarettes 711 Rondo St. St. Paul Dale 4100 FREE Coach ECHO CON tents and Vote for Your nominate Your Favorite 25 cents; good for subscription to Echo 1 mo. s. 3 mo. s. 6 mo. s. 1 yr. s. NOMINATION BLANK one yr. sub. to Echo $3 v contest. Good for 8 VOTE COUPON Vote for cents. 6 mo.—$1. cents. 1 year—$2 Pay 25 Cents and Vote for Your Favorite or Nominate Your Favorite. Each vote 25 cents; good for 1 month's subscription to Echo. JUDGES: Dr. Val Do Turner Lawyer W. T. Francis A. J. McGavock St. Elmo's Light Seen REED'S The reason why members of the British house of commons literally bow to the mace is because parliament at one time assembled in St. Stephen's chapel, London. The members used to bow to the cross on the altar. Here also the mace was kept and when parliament moved to its own quarters members still bowed to the mace as symbolic of the cross. Wise Learn From Errors The man or woman who "never made a mistake in their lives" never lived. Humans will never reach perfection, strive as hard as they may. Those who come nearest will be men and women who learn from errors how to avoid mistakes in the future. Grit. Oldest Forms of Writing Writing is a very ancient art. The oldest forms of which there are existing examples are Babylonian and Egyptian. The Babylonian is cuneiform that is, the characters are wedge-shaped. They were written on clay, and the clay was baked into bricks, which formed permanent records, many of which have been unearthed and interpreted. PITTSBURGH COURIER Best Negro Weekly Have It Delivered to Your Door JAMES N. SMITH Dale 7383 Humboldt 1457 NEED SOME ? ITS a fine thing to know where you can get cash when you need it. Our service is quick and confidential. We have helped your friends for years. Ask them about the Local Loan Co. 216 Exchange Bank Building Sixth & Minnesota St. Tel. Co 2417 REE! Coach CONTEST ote for Your Favorite Your Favorite. good for 1 month's n to Echo. 1 mo. subscription 3 mo. subscription 6 mo. subscription 1 yr. subscription ON BLANK to Echo $2.00. Good for 8 votes. COUPON e for 6 mo.—$1.25. 1 year—$2.00. --- Mail your notes to 614 Court Block by Wednesday of each week. Mrs. Lena Payne, who has been visiting relatives in St. Paul, left for her home in Denver, Colo., Wednesday. Mrs. Wm. Wilson of Seattle, Wash., en route to Chicago, spent the week-end the guest of Mrs. Quitman Hicks, 953 Rondo St. Mr. Nicholas Smith announces the marriage of his niece, Miss Leola Torry, to Mr. Willard O. Williams, 2122 Coss St., Boulder, Colo., on June 8, 1927. Mrs. Quiltman Hicks, Grand Secty of Iowa Grand Chapter, leaves Saturday evening for Cedar Rapids, Iowa, to attend the 20th annual Grand Session. Mr. Roy Wilkins, city editor of the Kansas City Call, is spending two weeks' vacation with his uncle and aunt, Mr. and Mrs. S. W. Williams, 906 Gaultier St. Wilfred Nichols, 313 St. Anthony Ave., left Tuesday night for Detroit, Mich. The Cameo Social club held their semi-monthly meeting at the beautiful new home of Mr. and Mrs. W. A. Young with their son, Mr. Le Roy Lazenbury, as host. Plans are now being made for our annual outing at the home of Mr. and Mrs. John S. Wright on Rockford Rd., Robbinsdale, Minn. Chaperoning will be Dr. and Mrs. E. S. Weber, Dr. and Mrs. J. W. Crump and Atty, and Mrs. G. W. Hamilton. The next meeting will be held at the home of the Misses Wingington, 679 St. Anthony Ave., on June 22. Little Marina Perry, 522 St. Anthony Ave., celebrated her 9th birthday this week, entertaining a number of her little friends. The children enjoyed a pleasant afternoon. Refreshments were served. The Misses Martha and Esther Bradley, 934 St. Anthony Ave., entertained about 50 members of the Twin Cities younger set at a dancing party complimentary to Miss Amanda Byrd of Duluth, Minn. Out-of-town guests included Miss Evelyn Beauford of Sparta, Ill., niece of Mr. and Mrs. Courtney Hilliard, Mr. Maurice Rubb of Meharry, Mr. Jerry Jackson of U. of. N. Dakota, Mr. Green of Iowa U., Mr. Herbert Reed of Ft. Worth, Texas, Mr. Harold Spangler of Kansas City, Mr. Henry Gordon of Omaha, Neb., and Raymond Whiting, who has just returned from a tour on the Pantages Circuit. Miss Kathryn Tandy left Tuesday night for St. Louis, Mo., where she will be Maid of Honor at the wedding of Miss Ruth Hunter. Mr. Herman Cotton is also attending the wedding of his sister-in-law, Miss Ruth Hunter, at St. Louis, Mo. Mr. and Mrs. J. L. James, 415 Rondo St., have moved into their beautiful new home, 900 Carroll Ave. Mrs. Zula Mae Hunt entertained the members of the St. Paul Hiking club and friends at the residence of Mr. and Mrs. Russell, 394 Rondo St., on Saturday evening, June 11. Mrs. Susie Tudos remains quite ill at her home, 558 Arundel St. MINNEAPOLIS NOTES Mr. and Mrs. E. B. James, 3637 4th Ave. So., announce the engagement of their daughter, Miss Mary Edith James, to Mr. Earle F. Kyle. Mr. Kyle is a medical student at the University of Minnesota and a member of the Omega Psi Phi fraternity. No date has been set for the wedding. Miss Jewel Coleman and Mr. Marvin S. Jackson were married at the home of the bride's mother, 1102 E. 28th St., on Wednesday evening, June 15. Father A. H. Lealtad performed the ceremony. The bride is a popular member of the Knickerbocker club and La Coterie club. Mr. Jackson is a young pharmacist, a graduate of the Pharmaceutical department of Howard University. After July 1 Mr. and Mrs. Jackson will be at home at the above address. Three National Capitals The nation's capital was moved from New York to Philadelphia on December 1, 1790, for a period of ten years, ending December 1, 1800, prior to its removal to Washington. After the burning of the capitol during the War of 1812 a strong movement arose for removing the capital from Washington. In fear of such a result the local interests formed the Capitol Hotel company, and erected a building for government occupancy until the repairs on the capitol were finish. It was occupied from 1814 to 1819 and was afterward known as the "Old Capitol" and was used in the Civil war as a military prison. BUSY CORNER GROCERY and CONFECTIONERY FRESH FRUITS VANDER BIE'S ICE CREAM 381 Rondo St. St. Paul Broken Heart Cause According to Dr. Hans Sachs of Berlin, one of Germany's most eminent dentists, the jolts of life and worries loosen teeth and are the real cause of pyorrhea. Keep your soul in sung comfort and harmony, he says, and your teeth will be free of the modern plague of pyorrhea. Doctor Sachs has devoted the last ten years to the study of the influence of psychological factors on teeth, says the Pathfinder Magazine. He believes that pyorrhea develops most easily in teeth affected by tartar. "I have established through a series of tests that under strain of emotion and worries tartar settles on teeth much more rapidly than under normal condition," he claims. "Another cause for pyrorhea is gnashing of teeth, especially when asleep. Psychoanalysts know that gnashing of the teeth is only a reaction of the subconscious mind trying to free itself of burdensome impressions of daily life. Consequently, here, too, is a psychic cause leading to pyrorhea. Most pyrorhea patients belong to the depressive type discovered by Freud. Take the depression away and the pyrorhea will improve. It may sound foolish to laymen, but there is no doubt that a broken heart may cause pyrorhea and the subsequent loss of teeth." Odd Substitution of Readers of Dickens, Thackeray and of the earlier numbers of Punch were familiar with a vulgarism that once crept into the English language—the pronunciation of "w" for "v." It was inherited in the London dialect from neighboring country dialects of the Fifteenth century, a writer says in Scribner's Magazine. Henry Machyn, a merchant tailor of Elizabeth's time, wrote in his diary "walue" for value, "voice" for voice, "wagabodies" for vagabonds, and "woman" for woman. Noah Webster, in his "Dissertations on the English Language," Boston, 1789, remarked: "The pronunciation of w for v is a prevailing practice in England and America: it is particularly prevalent in Boston and Philadelphia." He added in a footnote that he never once heard the pronunciation in Connecticut. The practice used to be ridiculed by an old line that ran: "Weal, winegar and wenison make wery good wittles, I wow." Drama's Development Drama developed more or less independently with the ancient Greeks, the Hindus of the First century A. D. and the Chinese, probably from primitive religious festivals and imitative dances, and especially in the East, from puppet shows, shadow plays and pantomimes. The earliest European drama is the Greek, which, growing up in connection with the festival of Dionysus, culminated in Attica, where the festival came to be celebrated by the performance of a tetralogy, consisting of one comedy and a trilogy of serious plays or tragedies celebrating a connected series of mythic episodes. In medieval Europe, mystery, miracle and morality plays, acted in connection with the church festivals, preceded the appearance, during the Renaissance, of the modern drama which has developed, besides tragedy and comedy, tragic-comedy, melodrama, opera, burletta, farce, etc. Marmalade Steeple In Buckinghamshire, England, recently they have been making marmalade at a parish rectory and applying the proceeds to the building of a church spire. Will that spire be known to future generations as "the marmalade steepe"? That is what happened across the channel, in Rouen, France, where, in 1507, the second tower of the magnificent Gothic cathedral was finished, the money for it coming from the sale of indulgences for eating butter in Lent. Ever since then the name "Tour de Beurre" (the butter tower) has clung to it. Similarly, the old First church at Wethersfield, Conn., has been popularly known as "the church that was built of onions," because so much of the money that went into it was derived from the sale of that vegetable by the parishioners. The Very Thing Scribblem was poring over a story, and had struck a knot. For long moments he sat staring into space, his chin propped reflectively upon his foresinger. "What is it?" asked a fellow-writer, who happened in at that time. "I am trying to think of a figure of speech," sighed Scribblem. "What kind of figure of speech?" asked the friend. "I want something that will express a sneaky, treacherous feeling for my hero. Like he would feel if he were slipping up on something." "Why, just say he felt as guilty as a fellow using a noiseless typewriter." When Glass Is Scratched Slight scratches on glass may be partially polished out by rubbing the part with rouge wet with water upon a piece of soft leather. If it is a deep scratch, it will have to be ground out with the finest flour emery, such as is used by opticians, and the spot polished with rouge and water upon a piece of soft leather. If you have much of this kind of work to do, it will save time to set up a buff wheel of wood, and grind out the scratches with fine pumice stone and water; then polish with a felt buff and rouge with water. No Secular Pleasure on Puritan Sabbath Driving on Sunday, even to church, was considered almost a crime in England by the sterner Puritans in the Nineteenth century, in view of which the announcements that provision for a parking place has been made in the building of a new church at Southampton is particularly interesting. These Puritans discountenanced all riding or driving on what the unregenerate called the "day of gloom and darkness"; and a race that drank its tea without sugar on that day and punished a child who gave his pony an apple on Sunday would certainly have regarded a parking place as a quite superfluous addition to a place of worship. Some persons outside the narrow ring of Puritanism also had scruples on the subject of driving to church, whence arose one of Bishop Wilberforce's best hits. This was at Blenheim, when Palmerston and some others preferred to drive while Wilberforce joined the walking party. Itrained and the carriage overtook the walkers just as Wilberforce was struggling with an unruly umbrella. Palmerston put his head out of the window and quoted derisively: How blest is he who ne'er consents By ill advice to walk. Wilberforce promptly emerged from the umbrella with: Nor stand in sinners' ways nor sits Might of Alexander Made World History Alexander the Great was one of the pivotal figures about which turned the history of the world! His conquests, extending eastward to the other side of India, taking in Asia Minor, Egypt, Palestine, Syria, Mesopotamia, Arabia, Persia in its sweep, left Greek garrisons and Greek commanders in every city or place of importance. Greek became a universal language, so firmly intrenched that it successfully resisted the Latin tongue of the Romans when they in turn over-ran much of the world Alexander made his own, before he sat down to weep because there were no more worlds to conquer! The Greek philosophy of Socrates, Plato and Aristotle, glorifying truth and seeking for a guide to absolute knowledge of the word that directs the universe became known everywhere. Thus was bred the formulative in words of a desire Christianity was designed to meet—the desire of all men, whether they realized it or not. Thus was spread the one common language of literature and science by which Christianity could express itself, and in which it could write its Gospels of a new Covenant or Testament. Pat Biblical Quotation A report published in London that Kansas regulates by law the size of sheets in hotel beds has brought forth a rather charming anecdote concerning the famous Lord Kelvin. More than 50 years ago he was engaged in refitting his yacht, Lalla Rookh, and entrusted the purchase of bed linen to the wife of a professor in Edinburgh university. Kelvin wrote her: "The area for mattresses is approximately rectangular, three feet nine inches by seven feet. In fixing the size of sheet I would wish to avoid an error, which seems to have originated in the Levant prior to 725 B. C. (Isahal 28:20, second clause of the verse) and which is still deplorably prevalent at sea." The verse in question reads: "For the bed is shorter than a man can stretch himself on it; and the covering narrower than he can wrap himself in it."—Christian Science Monitor. Clowns Long-Lived Records prove that most clowns live to a ripe old age. Dan Rice died in Long Branch, N. J., in 1892, at the age of eighty-four. He preserved his mentality and cheerfulness to the end. George L. Fox lived to seventy-nine years of age, and appeared professionally until he was seventy-five. Pete Conklin, the Shakespearian clown, retained his activity, almost to the day of his death, which came on his eighty-first birthday. Tony Denier died at the ripe old age of eighty-two. He passed his last days in penury and poverty in the almshouse in Kingston, N. Y.—From "Here We Are Again," by Bob Sherwood Aluminum Castings Aluminum casting alloys are said to consist most frequently of aluminum, zinc and copper in varying proportions. Everything depends on the purpose for which the casting is to be used and the qualities that are desired. In automobile work, castings containing 7 to 8 per cent of copper, or 15 per cent of zinc and 2 to 3 per cent of copper, are largely employed. Other metals such as nickel, iron, manganese, chromium, magnesium, etc., are also added to aluminum for castings. Suggestions for Soldering Do not attempt a soldering job until the iron has been properly "tinned," otherwise difficulty will be encountered in trying to make the solder stick to the iron. See that all wires to be soldered are perfectly clean, otherwise the solder will fall to stick properly. If necessary, clean the parts to be soldered with fine sand paper, not emery paper. When making ground connections to the water pipe, be sure the pipe is free from dust or corrosion and the iron good and hot. Hudson Essex UNI-DALE MOTOR SALES 552-554 University Avenue Elkhurst 0996 Elkhurst 3976 We wish to announce the sale of two Essex Coaches to the Echo. Be sure and see us before purchasing a new or used car. MINNEAPOLIS ADVERTISERS THE DUNBAR HOUSE E. G. HARRIS, Proprietor PORTERS' AND WATTERS HEADQUARTERS Clean, Quiet, Homelike 723 Washington Ave. South Phone Geneva 2071 Minneapolis, Minn. Got His Big Ballroom Melbourne, Australia, has one unusual distinction because one of its ministers of public works wanted a spacious ballroom, according to a story told many years ago by George Bowen, formerly governor of Victoria. Bowen related that when the Victoria government house was built at Melbourne the then minister of public works inquired of the architect what was the largest regal or vice-regal ballroom in the British empire. The architect replied that Buckingham palace held that distinction. "Then make ours one-third larger," said the minister grandly. His orders were carried out—Sydney Bulletin. First Street Railways Boston's first street railway was opened in 1850, and Philadelphia inaugurated a similar service the following year. The first street railway in England was at Birkenhead in 1860. In the same year a line was laid in Liverpool, and London's first "train" dates from 1860. The first street railway in France was from St. Cloud to Paris and was constructed in 1856. Big Thunder Will O Dance and En FEATU CHICAGO J At the South S Monday Eveni Also MISS VI From DUNDEE PLEASURE and REGINAL WILLIS and From Pantz 8 P. M. to Hud Ess UNI- MOTOR 552-554 Unive Elkhurst 0996 We wish to anno two Essex Coach Be sure and se chasing a new or L. A. ROALKVAM MINNEAPOLIS THE DUNBAR E. G. HARRIS PORTERS' AND WAITERS Clean, Quite 723 Washington Phone Geneva 2071 Phone—South 7954 W. SQUIRRE Funeral 502 E. 24th Street Economy Market 902 6th Ave. No., Minneapolis GROCERIES Poultry and Meats Hyland 9746 McDUFF WOODARD, Prop Blue & WE INCREASE OUR SERVICE BUT NOT OUR RATES --- Happiness in Labor I believe the right question to ask, respecting all ornament, is simply this: Was it done with enjoyment—was the carver happy while he was about it? It may be the hardest work possible, and the harder because so much pleasure was taken in it; but it must have been happy, too, or it will not be living. . . We are not sent into the world to do anything into which we cannot put our hearts. We have certain work to do for our bread, and that is to be done strenuously; other work to do for our delight, and that is to be done heartily; neither is to be done by halves and shifts, with a will; and what is not worth this effort is not to be done at all. Perhaps all that we have to do is meant for nothing more than an exercise of the heart and of the will, and is useless in itself; but, at all events, the little use it has may well be spared if it is not worth putting our hands and our strength to.—John Rusklin, in "The Seven Lamps of Architecture." Tree Club live a Entertainment SERING AZZ BAND Side Auditorium ing, June 27th DOLA FIELDS ROOM, Salt Lake City, Utah RAYMOND WHITING ages Circuit 1:45 A. M. Jenson sex DALE SALES rity Avenue Elkhurst 3976 unce the sale of gines to the Echo. e us before pur- used car. M. C. BINDA ADVERTISERS CAR HOUSE S, Proprietor ERS' HEADQUARTERS Homelike In Ave. South Minneapolis, Minn. Established 1905 RE NEAL Director Minneapolis, Minn. MILTON SHANKS General Contractor and Builder Will Finance the Construction of Your Home on Your Lot Phone—Locust 2449 8712 4th Ave. So. MINNEAPOLIS, MINN. White ab ATlantic 2244 SIMPSON & WILLS The Reliable Morticians are now located in their beautiful new mortuary chapel Office Phone—Cedar 1024 Residence Phones 17 West Exchange Street Tel. Dale 1914 Tel. Dale 2541 ST. PAUL, MINNESOTA WELCOME HALL will give a MUSICAL CONCERT at CENTRAL PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH Monday, June 20th, at 8 P. M. MR. JOHN HICKMAN, Director AN ADULT CHORUS, JUNIOR CHORUS AND SOLOISTS On Drawing a Crowd A committee of three from a large organization was puzzled as to what would be the most economical way of drawing a crowd to one of their coming events. One suggested passing out hand bills, the second said, "Mail out circulars" while the third simply said, "Newspaper." To say the least the last suggestion is the most logical. When you realize you get the three suggestions combined which is "Triple Service" for the cost of one. When claims of economy in advertising are set forth remember this, in the first place, the one way among many ways to get advertising at a low cost is to use the newspaper that creates and offers "Triple Service." Your ideas can be portrayed and conveyed to more than 7,000 readers through 614 Court Block-Cedar 1879 THE RACE'S YOUNGEST GREAT NEWSPAPER Beetles Long in Tree That no appreciable changes have occurred in a species of wood-boring beetle in the last 1,200 years is indicated on comparison of live specimens with dead ones which were recently found hermetically sealed in a giant Sequoia tree, says Popular Mechanics Magazine. The insects apparently had entered the wood after it had been struck by lightning. Some failed to emerge and were imprisoned by the new growth that formed over the lightning scar. The time they entered the tree was computed by counting the annual rings that had grown outside of them. Naturalists are not surprised that the specimens were the same as those found alive today, for beetles are regarded as a "conservative lot," and 1,200 years is not a long time, geologically speaking. Species that were sacred to the Egyptians have shown no signs of change in thrice that time. Our office is no further from you than your telephone. Call Cedar 1879, we are at your service. FOR SALARY LOANS SEE ANDREW A. MURPHY 312 Builders Exchange Stb. Ca 1095 Phone Dale 8339 TRY THE DRUG STORE FIRST ELMER MORRIS DRUGGIST PRESCRIPTIONS Rondo and Mackubin Sts. Look Look! Annual Festival Hunting Up Father Gloves, swallow-tail coats and chaperons have practically disappeared from the list of necessities at modern social functions, remarks the Woman's Home Companion, but the host is still extant-"while his wife receives, he mingles with guests, making introductions." If he isn't visible, the best place to look for him is in the attic, or down cellar, or in the garage underneath the car. Or you may catch him going around the corner, headed for the club. Hear Bertha King's pupils' recital to be held at the Y. W. C. A., Thursday, June 30th. White Front Store CASH and CARRY Prices With FREE DELIVERY Quality Meats and Groceries Fresh Dressed Poultry at All Times Elk 1388 559 St. Anthony Av. V WANTED! Representatives From All CHURCHES CLUBS ORGANIZATIONS To investigate a plan which the St. Paul Echo will outline to establish a summer camp at Minesure-on-Lake St. Croix, 21 miles from town. For Particulars Call THE ST. PAUL ECHO Cedar 1879 614 Court Block PAGE FOUR COMING ATTRACTIONS Men's Episcopal club will give their annual picnic Wednesday, June 29, at State Fair Grounds. Watch for further notice. Keep off date, Aug. 4. Ladies' Aid Barbecue. WANT ADS Bring Results Classified Advertising Raten= All Classified Ads Payable in Advance. Three cents per word, minimum charge thirty cents. MRS. T. H. LYLES UNDERTAKER Cedar 0508—Phones—Dale 2947 WILSON'S RENTALS All Modern. 582 Central—7-room house, garage. 694 Carroll, 4-room flat. 408 Cathedral, 4-room flat. Elk. 1896. SPLENDID business proposition awaits a beauty operator who will consider part ownership in shop. Good location. Elk. 1984. Dale 9787. 4 ROOMS, strictly modern, lower flat, $25.00 per month. Dale 5171. TELL ME—Where and when you want your home and how you wish to buy it; my service will save you money. W. S. BUTLER & CO. Cedar 0516 St. Paul Dale 7011 Box 667, Helena, Ark. June 8, 1927. Mrs. R. F. Wilson, 697 St. Anthony Ave. Dear Madam: I am in receipt of your letter and boxes of clothing and sack of shoes. Indeed, it is a splendid gift. A true way to show sympathy for those in distress. The flood sufferers have all about left for their homes from this section, but I am receiving appeals for clothing and the like almost daily and will be glad to give them out to any who may call for them, when I am convinced they are worthy. Thanking you very much for your gift to these worthy persons, I am. Respectfully, O. L. MOODY. Dear Friends: The package was received and distributed to the needy refugees. We thank you so much for your thoughtfulness and kindness. We have done the best we could and we pray God's choicest blessings upon you and others who assisted you. Yours for service, LULA S. BRYANT. Ancients Saved Time by Employing Script The difference between script and print is to be referred to a date long before the invention of printing. One must not suppose that the ancient scribes, in writing papers of but temporary value, would labor to follow the same alphabet that the carver employed upon the monuments of stone destined for all time. As far back as records have been preserved there was in existence a cursive style of writing, and instances have been preserved abundantly in Pompell of random remarks by the ordinary citizen scribbling idle sentiments upon the walls. The alphabet of the monuments was commonly the model for the writers of formal literature, professional penmen who looked forward to the library preservation of the works on which they were engaged. Business men used the cursive script, which was far more readily and correspondingly more rapidly written. The monumental and manuscript hand has served as the parent of the printed letter. The cursive hand is the ancestor of penmanship. Spain Holds Richest Deposit of Mercury Mercury is the only common metal that is liquid at ordinary temperatures, and this characteristic enables it to supply needs for which there are no known substitutes, says the bureau of mines. It allows readily with certain other metals forming amalgams, many of which are plastic. The ease with which gold and silver amalgamate, has been utilized for the recovery of those metals, but this use has been largely supplanted by the cyanide and flotation processes. The largest and richest deposit of mercury now known in the world is at Almaden, in central Spain, says the Pathinder Magazine. This deposit has been mined almost continuously since Roman times and has been owned and worked by the Spanish government since 1645. The ore bodies are large, some of them attaining 30 feet in width and as much as 600 feet in length. The mine has been developed to a depth of more than 2,000 feet and the available reserve has been estimated as at least 40,000 metric tons of metal. Nests in Safe Place The wood duck is wise in choice of nest sites. She lays her eggs in holes in trees from four to forty feet above the ground, says Nature Magazine. How are the ducklings going to get out of the nest cavity, which is sometimes three or four feet deep? Having escaped from the hole, how are they to get safely down to the ground without falling and breaking their necks? And finally, having reached the ground intact, how are they to reach the nearest stream or pond? Some say that the mother duck files and carries the ducklings on her back. Others state that the young are carried one at a time in her bill, just as a mother cat carries her kittens, others claim the ducklings scramble out of the nest and fall to the ground or into the water as the case may be. Pioneers in Dental Work Were Americans WORK Were Americans The first dentist to fill the nerve cavity with gold was Edward Maynard, who was born in Madison, N. J. 112 years ago. Besides introducing the gold filling Maynard was the inventor of many of the instruments now used by dental surgeons. Doctor Maynard had, indeed, a varied career, first setting out to be a soldier, but resigning from the military academy at West Point because of ill health. In 1835 he graduated in dental surgery, settling in Washington, where he practiced for 55 years. While Doctor Maynard was experimenting with improved appliances for the profession, Dr. William T. G. Norton, a Boston dentist, relieved dental work of much of its horror by inventing etheral anesthesia. This was in 1844, a few years after the first dental college in America was opened in Baltimore. Doctor Maynard also Invented the Maynard breech-loading rifle, patented in 1851. Explorer's Reward Small The sum agreed upon that Henry Hudson, the explorer, was to receive in payment for his services, according to the agreement entered into with his employers, was small even for those days—the equivalent of $320 for his personal outfit and for the support of his wife and children—and provided he lost his life his widow (known socially as Mrs. Henry Hudson) was to receive $50 in addition to this sum. Hudson was married and had two children. The agreement provided for Hudson's being further rewarded, at the discretion of the company, if he found the passage which he was seeking. Ambiguous Sign. While in a store with her mother, four-year-old girl became attracted to a cardboard sign and demanded to know its meaning. "It says, 'Thank you, call again,'" her mother informed her. When the child returned home she was telling her brothers and sisters of all she had seen. "And don't you know," she said, "there was a sign that said, 'Thanks, holler again.'" Food Value of Apples Apples are rather high in mineral content and are an alkali-producing food. The winter diet tends toward acid production with such foods as meat, eggs, bread and cereals. Apples act as a balance for these: they are laxative and have considerable bulk. They supply about as much anti-scorbutic vitamine as the average winter diet really requires. Engineer's Triumph Chat Moss is a moss in Lancashire, England, seven miles west of Manchester, the largest piece of bog land in England. It is widely known as the scene of one of the triumphs of George Stephenson, inventor of the steam locomotive. After all engineers had declared it Impossible, he built the Manchester and Liverpool railway across it. ST. PAUL ECHO In 1693 a ship from Madagascar accidentally stopped at Charleston, S. C., and left at that port a small bag of rice. From this rice which was planted it was learned that rice would grow successfully in that region. It was not long before rice became the staple of the colony. Golf Instructions Golf Instructions An absolute beginner was tolling round the links wondering if the game was really worth while and vowing, to his grizzled Scottish caddie, that this would be his last round. "And what should I take now?" he asked a moment later, finding his ball in a terrible lie. "Well, mon," replied the caddle, "you have three alternatives. For a start, you might take me and get me something to drink; secondly, you might take a' your clubs home and give up golf; thirdly, you might try throwin' the ba'!" E. N. Martin L. R. Blair And You Are Next All the Time At Our New Location Santary Tonsorial Parlor 709 RONDO STREET Manicurist St. Paul, Minn. Res. Elk. 1613 McGavock 550 Rice Street OUR RATES HAVE NOT BEEN RAISED AND ARE THE LOWEST IN THE CITY Featuring a Real Favorite For Sportwear LONG-FELLOW BREAD The WRAPPING Keeps it Clean and Fresh Zinsmaster Master of Good Baking SHOP WITH OUR UNIVERSITY AVE. ADVERTISERS Eggers Asphaltum Roofing Co. We are pleased to announce the opening of our new office at 671 UNIVERSITY AVENUE Where We Are Better Able to Serve Our Customers Phone Dale 0200 or 1400 church, Rev. H. C. Boyd officiating, June 8. Interment at Crystal Lake cemetery. He is survived by his parents, 3 brothers and one sister. W. Squire Neal, funeral director. Rufus Hatt, residing at 614 Aldr Riche Ave. No., died June 8 at Minne- YELLOW BREAD Zinsmaster Master of Good Baking SHOP WI UNIVERSITY AVENUE PLUMBING & HEATING SIMPLE SERVICING Agency for Minnesota Pa WE SPECIALIZE IN Get Your Fishi Phone Dale 2315 Patronize Our Advertisers KREGAL & RENCHIN DRUGGISTS Dale and University Ave. Formerly EGBERT PHARMACY Buy Your New Hudson or Essex From— W. M. JOHNSON Res. 208 E. Indiana Ave. Riv. 2589 or Elk. 0996 UNI-DALE MOTOR SALES 554 University Avenue All Models in Used Cars GLENWOOD Hard Coal $15.75 THREE PHONES Garfield 7501—7502—7508 S. BRAND Rice and University RASKINS Cut Price Fruit, Grocery and Meat Markets Store No. 1-931 University WATCH FOR OUR WEEK- END SPECIALS Phone—Dale 1014 Dale 0464. Elkhurst 3781 ARTHUR INGVOLSTAD LUMBER CO. Snap Price Lumber 601 W. University Ave. St. Paul, Minn. apolls General hospital. Age 40 years; husband of Sarah Hiatt. Member of Ames Lodge of Elks. Services June 11 from Neal Chapel. Burial at Crystal Lake cemetery. W. Squire Neal, funeral director. TH OUR E. ADVERTISERS SON ICE SFIE HARDWARE PAINTS & CLASS Paints and Kyanize Varnish N SPORTING GOODS ing License Here 785-787 University Avenue G. & L. TIRE CO. General Tire Repairing and Guaranteed Vulcanizing GOODRICH SILVERTOWN AND RADIO CORDS 773 University Avenue F. J. Goldschmidt, Prop. Phone Dale 2423 A. F. DEPPE HARDWARE CO. 385 University Ave. Paints, Varnishes and Glass FISHING TACKLE