Washington Bee
Saturday, March 28, 1914
Washington, D.C.
Page text (machine-generated)
IF IT'S NEWS, IT'S IN THE BEE,
FOR THE BEE IS A NEWSPAPER.
THE BEE
WASHINGTON
Washington's Best and Leading Negro Newspaper That's THE BEE
NEGROES PROGRESS
NEGROES PROGRESSING.
Down in Jackson Miss., Own More Than a Million Dollar's Worth of Real Estate—Great City for Lawyers.
Jackson, Miss.—This state has more big able negroes to the square yard than any other state in the union, and this city has a greater number of above the average negroes than any city of its size in the country. This state sent the first negro to the United States Senate, it is the only state that has sent two negroes to the Senate, Revels and Bruce, and the only state that has ever sent a negro to the Senate. Among the big Mississippiians who are either dead or have passed from the stage of action, are Revels, Bruce, Lynch, Hill and Lampton. Governor Pinchback only missed being born in Mississippi by a few hours, and some of his life was spent in the delta state. Because of the highly colored reports sent North regarding lynchings in this state, the people of the north regard Mississippi as a hopeless area for the race. If you should come to the state, and especially to this city, see the wonderful progress being made by the race here, note the feeling existing between the two races, observe the fine residences and splendid business establishments owned and controlled by negroes you would at once conclude that the traditional habit of the negro-haiting white is not taken so seriously by these negroes down here. There are twelve more lynchings in this city, race and all its excellently well.
PETER H. BURGESS
Whatever a law or lawyer can succeed it is a fair advertisement for a locality as one offering opportunities to the race. Wherever you find an even dozen negro lawyers registering a high mark of success you have the proof of opportunities for race development. These men down here are not professional race-solvers, they are quiet, consistent, earnest solvers of the problem. Of the 22,000 population of this city 13,560—more than half, are negroes who have $350,000 invested in business enterprises and who pay taxes on One Million Dollar's worth of real estate. Men like L. K. Atwood and W. A. Scott who have developed, respectively a successful bank and a successful insurance, company, and able attorneys, second to none, like Perry W. Howard, W. J. Latham and S. A. Beadle who are constantly engaged in every line of thought and action to improve the race; and a successful physician, druggist and lawyer like S. D. Redmond whose holdings exceed the half hundred thousand mark, and a virile editor like E. B. Topp are alone sufficient to develop an oasis in any desert. I have been to few places where I was so much impressed with the helpful activity, wealth-producing ability and intelligence, on the part of our race as here in Jackson. I predict that negroes, in the next quarter of a century, will own more than seventy-five per cent of the farm acreage in this state, and more than forty per cent of the city property, and will more than split even with the white man in the control of business. Race prejudice in this state is now more largely because of the wonderful, rapid material and educational advancement of the race than because of inborn race hatred. The success these negroes have achieved in the face of the most active and virulent race discrimination in itself argues for the ultimate dethronement of race discrimination. No legislation and no prescription or restriction can stop these Mississippi negroes.
This city is the headquarters of one old line insurance company operated by negroes, and several mutual companies, all of which are successful. Pharmacy, bakeries; groceries, contracting, banking, printing and tailoring are a few of the business activities in which the race is engaged here. There are two negro public schools here with a corps of twenty-five teachers, and Campbell College of which Dr. W. T. Vernon is president. Twelve churches gives some indication that the moral and spiritual man is not at all neglected. And the churches, as a rule, are splendid edifices, well attended, and with an educated ministry. It is estimated,
and I investigated to make sure, that the negroes in this city have $300,000 on deposit in the banks here. This, with the value of their real estate and personal property gives the negroes of Jackson a per capita wealth of $129. As a Frenchman would say, "that is magnificent," and especially so when you stop to reflect that Mississippi, as a state, has perhaps done more to estop negro progress than any other state. Really there is nothing but progress here, encouraging, inspiring progress, and such men and women like W. A. Scott, L. K. Atwood, S. D. Redmond, Perry W. Howard, D. W. Turner, R. J. Johnson, G. F. Frazier, E. B. Topp, W. J. Latham, S. A. Beadle, H. T. Risher, James Boyd, Mrs. Lucile Miller, Cora McLain, Mrs. W. J. Wade, V. L. Reuben and others are the ones who are leading in this upbuilding of a race in this city and state.
I was much impressed with the orderly manner in which all negro business enterprises are conducted here, and the amount of energy, intelligence and personal service injected in each and all of them. The negroes of the north need not lose any sleep over the future of the race in this section, if the progress shown in this city is typical of the progress being made throughout the south. Jackson is a regular bee hive, filled with working bees—no drones. Here you find the negro pushing, not whining.
A recent accession to Jackson is Dr. W. T. Vernon, former Register of the United States Treasury. Dr Vernon as the new president of Campbell College, is making a great success here, and is highly esteemed by all. Although a far westerner, by birth, and education, he has adapted himself to conditions here with such ease and effectiveness as to suggest to the unknowing that he is a southerner to the manor born. He is achieving splendid success down here, and it was fortunate for Campbell College that it secured him as president. But his success is such that the students and faculty, and community here labor under the fear that he may be called hence to some wider educational field.
BRANCH AT LOUISVILLE, KY.
National Association for the Advancement of Colored People—Important News Notes.
(By Al. H. Andrews.)
Louisville, Ky., March 21.
The National Association for the advancement of Colored People is endeavoring to establish a branch association in Louisville, for which purpose a meeting was held on last Tuesday night at the Western branch of the Colored Library. Probably on account of the inclement weather, only a small crowd was present. Dr. R. B. Scott was chosen as temporary chairman and Prof. Wm. L. Evans was chosen as secretary. A committee was appointed to take up the question of adopting a constitution for the association, and a copy of the Boston's association was read with a view towards learning just what was needed. And also a committee was appointed to inquire into such measures pending before the people on the question of race segregation. Another meeting was called for the 17th inst., at which time it is hoped to have a large crowd present.
The regular Sunday afternoon men's meeting at the local branch of the Y. M. C. A., is still drawing large attendance, and Secretary Bullock is providing a program at each meeting that is worthy of even a better attendance. On the 13th inst., the speaker of the afternoon meeting was Hon. H. Rufus 'White, of Huntington. W. Va., a representative of the Anti-Saloon League, and his subject was "The Evils of Intemperance." Mr. White is a very able speaker, and is converting people to the temperance cause. He is now making a tour of the State under the direction of the Anti-Saloon League. Mrs. Booker T. Washington, of Tuskegee, Ala., is in the city in the interests of the Federation of Colored Women's Clubs, and delivered an address at the Zion Baptist Church on last Sunday evening. A good crowd of both men and women was out to hear Mrs. Washington, and it is likely that the meeting will stimulate interest in women's clubs in this State.
The Revision Committee, of the City Council, to which the proposed amended Segregation Ordinance was referred for consideration before presenting it to the City Council, held a public meeting to hear arguments for and against the proposed ordinance, in the council chamber on Wednesday, March 18th, 1914, at 3 o'clock in the afternoon. Interest in the proposed measure has been wide spread, as nothing so radical has been attempted in the way of municipal legislation ever before in the history of this city.
City Attorney Clayton Beckley stated the purpose of the measure, which was read to the crowd assembled, after which it was turned over to the public for discussion. The Revision Committee stating that the purpose of the meeting was to gain information as to whether such a measure was wanted in the city or not.
Patrick Savage, a focal white lawyer, who makes most of his money off cases representing Negroes, was
M. W. H.
the principal speaker to support the measure, and he was assisted in his advocacy of the adoption of the measure by a Mr. Dowling, and several other speeches were made on the affirmative side of the question.
The negative side was ably represented by such notable colored men as Hon. Wm. H. Steward, editor of the American Baptist; Rev. C. H. Parrish, of the Calvary Baptist Church; Rev. C. E. Allen, of the Knox Presbyterian Church; Lawyer N. R. Harper, and Prof. A. E. Mezek, Mr. J. D. Wright (white), of the Real Estate Exchange, also spoke against the adoption of the measure, and was supported by many other white men present.
Many questions were addressed to the speaker from both sides, and the general impression, seemed to be that the Negative side had made a very creditable showing. Whether the Revision Committee will, report the measure favorably, or not is now a matter of pure conjecture, as they gave no indication one way or another.
delicate and probably have tuberosis. The mother formerly did dry work but can no longer do so it is not safe for people to send clothes to her house. The more former employer, and his church doing all they can to help but in addition to that, they will need $ per month.
Will you not publish these in your paper and call upon readers to lend a hand?
If each one would give a little would be a great help to this citation, which knows no color, nor creed and whose burdens are most heavier than they can bear.
All contributions should be seen 1923 H Street Northwest and will promptly acknowledged, both by receipt and through the paper.
Yours truly.
MRS. WILL C. BARNS
Member Ways and Means Committee
ALABAMA SAVINGS BANK
The South is Progressing Not standing Race Prejudice.
Will the Colored People Help This Worthy Cause.
Washington, D. C., March 22, 1911.
Editor Bee:
As a member of the Ways and Means committee. Associated Charities, can I not enlist your interest in an unfortunate colored family which the association is endeavoring to help?
The father, a young man who was always a steady, hard-working man has broken down and is now in the Tuberculosis Hospital. This leaves a wife and six children practically penniless. Four of the children are
THE NEW YORK TIMES
THE MAYOR OF BROOKLYN
DR. BOOKER T. WASHINGTON,
NEED $39.
delicate and probably have tuberculosis. The mother formerly did laundry work but can no longer do so as it is not safe for people to send their clothes to her house. The man's former employer, and his church are doing all they can to help but in addition to that, they will need $39.00 per month.
Will you not publish these facts in your paper and call upon your readers to lend a hand?
If each one would give a little it would be a great help to this association, which knows no color, race, nor creed and whose burdens are almost heavier than they can bear.
All contributions should be sent to 923 H Street Northwest and will be promptly acknowledged, both by receipt and through the paper.
Yours truly.
MRS. WILL C. BARNS.
Member Ways and Means Committee.
The South is Progressing Notwithstanding Race Prejudice.
Birmingham, Ala., March 23.
J. O. Diffay, one of the most prominent, negro business men in the South, proprietor of Diffay's barber shop, which is conceded to be the finest negro barber shop in the country, was made acting president of the Alabama Penny Savings-Bank Friday night by the board of directors, and Dr. W. R. Pettiford, president for twenty-five years and founder of the institution was granted an indefinite leave from duty on account of his health.
Together with Dr. Pettiford, B. H. Hudson, cashier and Peter F. Clarks, assistant cashier, Mr. Diffay established this bank twenty-five years
10
ago, and has been a member of the board of directors since that day. He is actively in charge of affairs now, carrying out the duties of president like a veteran at the job. The friends of the institution have been congratulating him on his elevation at the hands of his colleague once it became apparent that such a step was necessary. Dr. Pettiford is confined to his bed and has been for some time, but his physicians give out encouraging news is to his condition. The Alabama Penny Savings Bank, one of the oldest and steepest of negro banks, has branches in Montgomery, Selma and Anniston.
DR. C. W. CHILDS
Making a Model School Official
Man With a Great Individuality.
Dr. Creed W. Childs, a member of the Board of Education, is one of the most valuable members of that board. Dr. Childs is a great acquisition to the public schools. He is ready at all times to defend their interest and uphold the dignity of the teachers. He knows how to present the needs of the colored schools to the Congress of the United States. He watches the schools with a keen interest
[Picture of a man with a mustache and a suit].
what his shorts he has any. A shorts he made in half or the committees of which he is a member demonstrated his fitness. While he is not a lawyer, he has a legal mind.
THE MAJESTIC THEATER.
The drama to be given by the Renaissance Players at Majestic Theater April 18, 1914, is said to be the strongest play of its kind ever presented to a Washington audience. The dramatic situations are particularly striking. Artistic success is assured when we mention among others the names of Nathaniel Guy, who starred last year in the Merchant of Venice as Shylock, and Emily Janee Taylor, the talented actress who made such a pronounced impression as Portia. Among the thirty or more taking part in this drama are Mesdames Edna Gray, Adelaide Wormley Cardoza, Emma Lee Williams and Jesse Janee. To properly stage this production Messrs. W. D. Nixon and S. D. Milton, instructors in drawing at the M Street High School, pioneer scenic artists, have designed and painted all scenery necessary to the play.
JUDGE ROBERT H TERRELL
Reported Favorably by the Judiciary
Committee.
Extraordinary—Harper's Ferry to Be Opened Again for the People.
Mr. W. W. Martin, who so successfully conducted Storer College, Harper's Ferry, W. Va., for summer boarders last year, begs leave to announce to his many friends and last year's patrons that he will in addition to those conveniences be had last year, will add the splendid new stone building known as London Heights.
Further information will be given later on.
GIVEN AN OVATION
GIVEN AN OVATION
The West is Electrified by His Effusions—Escorted to the Greatest Hotel in Los Angeles, Cal.-Speaking Day and Night—the Most Triumphant Tour of His Career.
Los Angeles. Cal., March 23
When Doctor Booker T. Washington, the famous Tuskogee educator reached Los Angeles last week to begin his two weeks stay in Southern California, he was met at the Santa Fe station upon the arrival of the California Limited by a delegation of educators and prominent citizens headed by Doctor John Willis Baer, president of Occidental College, Los Angeles. Doctor Washington was carried to the Alexandria Hotel, the famous Los Angeles Hostelry, where he found that rooms had been reserved for him and which were literally filled with flowers which had been sent to the hotel by prominent colored people and various colored organizations.
All of these California engagements have been arranged for by Dr. John Willis Baer; the first engagement arranged for him was at the First Congregational Church, Los Angeles, Sunday morning, March 5th Roverend Turk, pastor.
The afternoon of that same day in the First Methodist Church, of Los Angeles, he spoke to a mass meeting in the interest of the colored M M C A. The one in charge before Mr. T. A. Green, Secretary, 831 San Pedro Street, Los Angeles. On Tuesday the 10th, he spoke at the first school auditorium in Pasadena. Lecture given under the auspices of Boom College of Technology, Institute, the one in charge being Instant A. B. Scherer, Pasadena
On Wednesday, March the 11th, he is looted at Pomona College, which is looted at Claremont, the one in charge being President James A. H. Larsell. Thursday night, March 12th he spoke at a banquet given in his honor at the Hotel Virginia, Long Leah This banquet is always an important function in connection with the State Y. M. C. A. convention. He one in charge of the arrangements was Secretary Sprunger, of the Y. M. C. A. of Los Angeles.
Dr. Washington spoke at Pasadena again on Sunday afternoon, March 15th, at four o'clock in the first Presbyterian Church, the pastor being Dr. Robert Freeman. Tuesday, March 17th, he was at Redlands, being in charge of the meeting. Friday morning he was the guest of the Friday Morning Club. Mrs. Seward Simons, South Pasadena, was the hostess upon the occasion. On Sunday, March 22nd, he was at Riverside, the one in charge being Frank Miller, proprietor of the Mission Inn. The first address in the auditorium of the Occidental College was attended by more than three thousand teachers, high school students and prominent educators of California, so states the Los Angeles Tribune; the Los Angeles Times estimated the attendance at four thousand. Students were present from thirty-three high schools from Southern California, as well as representatives from Occidental and Los Angeles Junior Colleges. Nearly all of the Los Angeles newspapers carried photographs of Dr. Washington and have quoted at length from his various addresses:
At the First Congregational Church, the Occidental College and other places where he has appeared and spoken, the colored citizens have with the leading white educators prominent business men to every possible courtesy to the Tuscan and to make his visit to fruitful importance.
Mr R. C. Owens, the well known real estate operator, invited a group of the most prominent colored men of Southern California to meet Dr. Washington at his home at a private recreation all of these men expressed most enthusiastically, their approval of Doctor Washington's address at the First Congregational Church (white) and at Occidental College.
His address in the interest of the colored Y. M. C. A. brought together one of the largest audiences of colored people ever assembled in these parts. This meeting was held in the First M. E. Church, the largest white Methodist church in the city, which was literally packed from chancel rail to sidewalk; hundreds were unable to gain admission.
A notable courtesy was shown Doctor Washington here last week when the eighteen city and county judges invited him to have a correctional conference with them. He was also invited by one of the judges to sit with him on the bench during one of the court sessions, but so far, Doctor Washington has not been able to take advantage of this invitation.
Doctor Washington's tour of southern California has proven to be veritable triumph among both whites and blacks.
The Kingdom
Go to the Majestic Theater next week and see the "King of the Kingdom." It is the greatest farce that was ever presented to the people of his city. Secure your seats now. Box office now open.
CHRIST'S COMING WORLD'S END 1914
THE BIBLE MISUNDERSTOOD
Canadian Minister Quoted—"The Earth Abideth Forever—Christ Will Not Come Again as a Man, According to the Bible—Pastor Russell Believes 1914 Marks a Great Change of Dispensation—Christ's Parousia Precedes His Epiphania.
March 22—The widely known Pastor Russell, whose great and free PHOTO - DRAMA OF CREATION is being set before the people daily in many large cities, and everywhere arousing enthusiasm for God, religion and the Bible, chose for his text today. "Thus it
PASTOR RUSSELL
March 22—The widely known Pastor Russell, whose great and free PHOTO-DRAMA OF CREATION is being set before the people daily in many large cities, and everywhere arousing enthusiasm for God, religion and the Bible, chose for his text today, "Thus it shall be in the coming [Parousia—presence] of the Son of Man; they shall be eating, drinking, planting and marrying, and know not." (Matthew 24:37, 38.) He said in part:
I was proused in the selection of my text for today by reading an extract from the sermon of a Canadian minister delivered recently. In it he declared that 1914 would witness the Second Coning of Christ, etc. His statement allowed the inference that he holds the view common to nearly all the creeds; namely, that the earth is to be burned up and the human race blotted out; and that, incidentally, Christ will come a second time, to see that none of the Church are included in the destruction.
Mistakes of' Dark Ages Being Corrected.
To my understanding, all such expectations are wholly unscriptural, untrue, misleading, and hindrances to a right understanding of the Bible. They belong to the Dark Ages, when public teachers seemed to lose all appreciation of poetic language, figurative language, mental imagery. They belong to the time when Christ's references to Gehenna Fire, which burned outside the wall of Jerusalem, were understood to mean an eternity of torture for all except the saintly few. They belong to the time when Jesus' words respecting the cutting off of the right hand and the plucking out of a right eye were misunderstood, and taken literally.
St. Peter's words are generally urged to be the foundation for the theory that the world will be destroyed by literal fire at the Second Coming of Christ, when the heavens shall be on fire, the earth also and the things therein shall be burned up (2 Peter 8:10). A literal interpretation here overlooks the fact that St. Peter, speaking of the very same time, in Acts 8:19-21, declares that Times of Restitution and blessing—not times of world-burning—will follow the Second Coming of Jesus. It also overlooks the fact that St. Peter and the other Apostles, as well as the Master, frequently used the word fire in a symbolic sense, to represent tribulation. Thus St. Peter, addressing the Church, says, "Think it not strange concerning the fiery trial that shall try you."
St. Paul says that the fire of that Day shall try the work of every man [the Church], of what sort it is. Those who have built with gold, silver, precious stones [the promises of God's Word], shall be fire-proof in that Day; while those who have built with the wood, hay and stubble of human tradition—I higher Criticism, Human Evolution, etc.—will find their faith structure amenable to the fire; and they will suffer the loss of faith and have tribulations accordingly. Yet, the Apostle explains, such will themselves be saved, but these very fiery trials will destroy their misconceptions. They will be saved because, in spite of their errors, they built their faith upon Christ—1 Corinthians 3:11-15.
The Apothec, however, urged that all should build with gold, silver and precious stones - characteristics which would enable them to pass through the fire of that Day unscathed - "more than conquerors." Similarly, Jesus referred to a testing of faith, by the figure of a flood, telling that those who built upon the sand would suffer loss, but that those who built upon the Rock would be safe. All these Scriptures, however, these references, to fiery trials, gte, belong to the end of the Age-not the end of the world.
"The Earth Abideth Forever."
"The Earth Abideth Forever."
The Bible teaches that in God's great Plan He has provided various epochs, or ages, each for the accomplishment of its own special work; as for instance, the Jewish Age with its work, and the Gospel Age with its work, to be followed by the Millennial Age and its still different work. The Bible declares that "the earth abideth forever" (Ecclesiastes 1:4); that "God created it not in vain; He formed it to be inhabited." (Isaiah 45:18). The earth has never yet been inhabited. There are immense tracts of country still unoccupied. The Divine Plan for the earth has not yet reached consummation. It will require the thousand years of Messiah's glorious Kingdom Power to bring the world out of present sin and death conditions, and into the glorious
conditions of Millennial blessings and Restitution, of which, the Scriptures so frequently speak, and which St. Peter declares God has spoken by the mouth of all His holy Prophets. So then, the basis for thinking of the end of the world, now or ever, is purely a misunderstanding, due largely to the fact that our English translation uses the word world where it would more properly have used the word Age, Epoch, or order of things. In a word, the present order of things, of which the Scriptures declare Satan is the prince, or ruler, is not to be perpetual; it is to pass away. A new order of things, under the control of Messiah, the Prince of Light, is to take the place of the present reign of the Prince of Darkness. A reign of righteousness and life is to succeed the present reign of sin and death, according to St. Psul. -Romans 5:17, 21.
Christ's Second Coming.
The Bible everywhere represents that Christ left a Heavenly glory when He came to earth nearly nineteen centuries ago. "The Logos was made flesh and dwelt among us." The Bible explains that the necessity for this humiliation, this leaving the glory and taking a bondman's form, lay in the fact that God had pronounced a death sentence upon man, which mankind were paying and from which they could not be released unless some one would become their redeemer and meet the penalty for them—a death penalty, not an eternal torment penalty, of which the Scriptures know nothing.
The Bible nowhere tells that Jesus took the human nature to keep it forever, and to return with it to Heaven, where it would be completely out of order and out of place. The Bible teaches, on the contrary, that "tissue and blood cannot inherit the Kingdom of God" (1 Corinthians 15:50); and that Jesus was made flesh merely "that He by the grace of God should taste death for every man" (Hebrews 2:9); and that after doing this work He would "ascend up where He was before" (John 6:02). St. Paul assures us that this, the Divine Program, has been carried out. After telling of our Lord's obedience to the Father's will in humbling Himself to death, even the death of the cross, he adds, "God hath highly exalted Him"—"far above angels, principalities and powers."—Philippians 2:5-11; Ephesians 1:20-23.
The Master declared plainly, "Yet a little while, and the world shall see Me no more"; but He promised that He should be seen by His followers. St. John declares, "We shall be like Him; for we shall see Him as He is." (1 John 3:2). We read: "Every eye shall see Him"; but this, to be in harmony with the other Scriptures, must refer to the eyes of understanding. The Bible declares that eyes of human understanding are blinded now by error and sin, but that shortly all the blind eyes shall be opened. Then all will see Messiah and His Kingdom with the eye of faith, as the Church now see Jesus, the crown of life, and the things which the natural eye hath not seen.
Parousia—Presence; Epiphania—Manjifestation.
Our English word coming is used to translate several very different Greek words. One of these is Parousia, which means presence, and is used in referring to the first stage of the Lord's Second Advent. He will be invisibly present. For a time none but the saintly few whose eyes of understanding are anointed through the Word and the Spirit will realize His Parousia. His presence, while all things earthly will continue as they have been—buying, selling, building, marrying, etc. Then, later on, will come the Epiphania; that is to say, the revelation, or manifestation, of the present One. This will not be a manifestation in the flesh, but in a great Time of Trouble, symbolically represented as fire, as when we read, "He shall be revealed in faming fire, taking vengeance."—2 Thess. 1:7-10
To my understanding, the Bible teaches that Jesus has been present in the world since 1874. In other words, His Second Advent then began. The wonderful progress in the world since then Bible students thus explain; the wonderful blessing upon them and their study of the Bible they interpret in harmony with this. They understand the Bible to teach that this Parousia will continue for a thousand years; but that the Epiphania, or manifestation to the world, will be due in forty years from the time the Presence began. For this reason they are looking very interestedly to see what the present year may bring forth.
And do we not see everywhere signs of unrest, a time of trouble brewing? It looks as though this year would mark the beginning of the "faming fire" of judgments upon the world which will mark the closing of this Age and the inauguration of the New Dispensation of Messiah's Kingdom, when "justice shall be laid to the line and righteousness to the plummet," and when the ignorance, superstition and darkness which so long have hindered us will begin to be broken. The transition may be painful, yet it will be blessed, marking the overthrow of Satan's empire and reign of sin and death and the inauguration of Messiah's Kingdom and its Reign of rightousness and life eternal.
Eating, Drinking, Planting and Build- ing.
Our Lord, in describing His Second Presence, clearly indicated that it would be unnoticed by the world until the cataclysm of trouble should come. Thus He likened the earlier days of His presence to that period before the Flood, when the world, unconscious of the impending catastrophe, continued to build, eat and drink as usual, and knew not. So, says the Master, it will be in the end of this Age. Eating
drinking, building, planting and marrying will proceed as usual; and the world will not know that they are in the presence of the Son of Man. The great Day of Trouble, noted throughout the Scriptures as "the Time of Trouble such as never was since there was a nation," will come upon them suddenly—St. Paul says like the pangs of a woman in child-birth. A New Dispensation and new order of things is about to be born, and this great trouble is merely incidental to that birth.
St. Paul refers to the matter, saying, "Yourselves know perfectly, brethren, that the Day of the Lord cometh as a thief in the night. For when they [the world] shall say, Peace and safety, then sudden destruction cometh upon them, as travail upon a woman with child; and they shall not escape. But ye, brethren, are not in darkness, that that Day should overtake you as a thief. Ye are all children of the light, children of the Day."-1 Thessalonians 5:1-6.
Change a Cause For Rejoicing.
"The bud may have a bitter taste,
But sweet will be the flower."
The trouble will be an awful one, but we believe not of great length. The Bible everywhere tells of the glorious results that will follow, when the shackles of darkness, sin and error shall be broken, and when all the spiritual powers surrounding mankind will be good and helpful, as in contrast with those of the wicked spirits now operating through mediums, by charivoyant and chalraudient powers, to ensnare, to deceive, to bewilder, mankind.
The fact that our Lord appeared in seven different flesh-forms on various occasions after His resurrection does not contradict other plain statements. Rather, we see that such appearances resembled the appearances of angels in the flesh, to communicate some good message from God to men. Had Jesus not materialized and appeared to His disciples, what proof would they or we ever had had respecting His resurrection? And would not the fact that He saw them for a few moments and then vanished tend to prove to them that He was no longer a flesh being, but a spirit being, who had merely appeared to them for a special purpose? St. Paul declares that he saw the Lord last, and not as a man, but as a spirit being, whose brightness was above that of the sun; and It injured his eyesight; for our Lord was not veiled in the flesh, as when He appeared to the disciples during the forty days.
The Christ who is to come a second time, then, is not the Jesus of the flesh, but the glorified Jesus, who in nature and glory is far above the angels—of the Divine nature.
"This Same Jesus—Shall Come Again."
When Jesus ascended, two angels appeared to the disciples, saying, "This same Jesus, whom ye have seen go into Heaven, shall so come again in like manner as ye have seen Him go." In the past many of us have misunderstood this statement—not scrutinizing it carefully enough. Assuredly it would be the same Jesus that would come again—the same One who died for us, the same One who left the glory for us before He was born the Babe of Bethlehem. In all His changes He remains the same personality, as He declared: "I am He that is, and was, and is to come." The angels did not say, however. He will come again in the flesh, or materialized, as you have seen Him go away. Their message related to the manner of His going and the manner of His coming. What was there special about the manner of His going away that would correspond to the manner of His coming again? Many things! He went away quietly, secretly, unknown to the world, unknown to any except His disciples. In like manner has been His Parousia—silently, quietly, unknown to the world, not known to any except His disciples. Surely, if we are right in saying that His Parousia began in 1574, the manner would correspond with the manner of His going. He did not come with glorious hosts, blaring trumpets, etc. but as a "thief in the night." If we have the correct date and chronology, Gentle Times will end this year—1014.
What of it? We do not surely know. Our expectation is that the active rule of Messiah will begin about the time of the ending of the lease of power to the Gentiles. Our expectation, true or false, is that there will be wonderful manifestations of Divine judgments against all unrighteousness, and that this will mean the breaking up of many institutions of the present time. If not all. Some Scriptures seem to indicate that this will mean world-wide anarchy, not all beginning at the same moment, nor ending at the same time, but beginning and gradually spreading the world around. The further intimation is that this trouble will eventually prove a blessing to humanity, melting their hearts in the Day of Trouble, teaching them more of sympathy for one another, breaking the power of superstition, wealth, ignorance, etc.—preparing them for the glorious Reign of Messiah's Kingdom.
CUSTER SURVIVOR LOSES HIS PLACE
Daniel A. Kanipe Was Bearer of Famous Message.
FORMERLY REVENUE RAIDER
Change of Administration Has Deprived Him of His Position—Tells In a Most Interesting Manner of His Ride to Captain McDougal—Was Feared by Carolina Moonshiners.
Asheville, N. C.—Changes in the internal revenue service made by the Wilson administration have retired from Uncle Sam's payroll one of the most picturesque figures in North Carolina, Daniel A. Kanlpe, a former revenue raider, who is said to be the only American survivor of the ill-fated force under the immediate command of General George A. Custer, Mr. Kanlpe has the distinction of having carried the last order issued by Custer Just previous to the massacre on the Little Big Horn river in Montana in 1876.
Mr. Kanlie has retired to his home at Marlon, near Asheville, since the change of administration has deprived him of his place as a revenue raider, but his name is still a word to conjure with in the districts where corn liquor is made without paying tax to the United States government. As a raider Mr. Kanlie was probably the most feared man in the Asheville district, one of the largest in the United States, and the same courage that sent him serenely on a mission through a country infested with hostile Indians has caused him to venture into dark corners of the mountains in search of illicit distillers.
Kanlie was born at Marton and was raised on a farm, but ran away from home at the age of nineteen to enlist in the army, walking across country to Lincolnton, where he enlisted in Company C, Seventh regiment, United States cavalry. The company was commanded at the time by Captain V. K. Hart. Before long the young man was promoted to a sergeanty and attached as a scout to the command of General George A. Custer in the campaign against the Sioux Indians under Chiefs Sitting Bull and Raln In the Face. He was with Custer on the morning of June 25, 1876, at the Little Big Horn, when the Indians were beginning to close in around the little band of American soldiers.
"I had the fastest horse in the service." Sergeant Kauipe says, "and he could single foot faster than most cavalry horses could run. Captain dater Major) Thomas H. McDougal, in command of Troop B, was about five miles away in charge of the pack train carrying our spare ammunition and rations.
"General Custer ordered me to find Captain McDougal and tell him to bring up the pack train with all speed, as he (General Custer) believed that a great battle was about to be fought. With this last order of General Custer's I slipped away from camp on my horse, Yankee Mike, and after snaking past a number of Indians and outrunning a bunch that discovered me and gave chase, I made my way to Captain McDougal's camp and delivered the order.
"We started at once to the relief of General Custer, but by that time he was surrounded by Indians, and it required two days of hard fighting to make our way across that five miles of territory. While I was gone and while we were fighting our way back to Custer's position Sitting Bull and Rain In the Face, with their 4,000 Sloux devils, surrounded his force and after a hard fight butchered them.
"When our relief force reached the spot where the herole Custer had made his last stand we found the bodies of my former comrades lying in twisted heaps, just as they had fallen under the blows of the Indians. Some of them had mercifully been shot, but many more were lying with crushed and shapeless bodies and heads battered in by the war clubs of the Indians.
"I had seen service before that, and I saw service afterward in the campaign against the Cheyennes in Nebraska, but I never saw a battle in which I thought the Indians were repaid for the massacre of General Custer and his heroe troopers.
"Two other men escaped from the massacre, I think, a Crow Indian scout named Curley, who I have since learned is living in St. Louis and whose Indian costume probably helped him to slip away while the battle was raging, and an Italian trumpeter named Martine, who I have heard has been seen in Buffalo. How he managed to escape I have never been able to learn.
Mr. Kanple after leaving the army secured a position as deputy internal revenue collector. His most cherished possessions are the old faded blue uniform which he wore on that memorable ride for Custer and the saber and pistol he carried as a member of the Seventh cavalry.
French Mint Obliges Gamblers
Parkls. The mint has just put in circulation 30,000 gold hundred franc ($20) pieces for the special benefit of gambling houses, which desire this form of money, as easier to handle than notes.
SEEK SLAYER IN AN EYE.
Photograph of Retina Expected Show His Image.
Aurora, Ill.—Yielding to persons who have faith in the old superstition, the authorities here have photographed the eye of Theresa Hollander. State Attorney Tyer admitted this, saying that it was the belief of many that the retina of a murdered person retained the image of the murderer.
Miss Hollander was beaten to death in a cemetery here a week ago. The picture was taken after a suggestion of an oculist, who asserted with emphasis that the retina of the stain girl's eye would show the last object before her conscious vision.
The photograph was made the day after the murder as the body was being cared for at a local undertaker's. The authorities rather feared they would be ridiculed for this effort, but were anxious to leave nothing undone to get evidence, so went through the performance, holding every actor in the scene to the most profound secrecy.
TANGOED IN HIS FREEZER.
Butcher, Locked In, Also Tried Jigs,
Hilo Yiwa Furniture, the Music
Butcher, Locked In, Also Tried Jig,
His Yells Furnishing the Music.
Mount Pleasant, Pa.—Locked in his
own meat freezer for three hours,
William Melago, a butcher, declares that
he owes his life to the tango, which he
danced continuously to keep from
freezing.
When Melago stepped into his freezer
he forgot to turn off the check on the
automatic lock. The door clicked into
place, and he was a prisoner. His
cries and pounding failed to attract
attention, and, realizing that he would
freeze to death unless he indulged in
some exercise, Melago, who can dance,
began to double shuffle to the accompaniment of his yells for help. It grew cooler, and he varied his exercise by an Irish jig. But this was fatiguing,
and he slowed into the tango, paying
special attention to the dip.
According to his story, he kept on the move for nearly three hours, when his wife finally heard the noise and released him.
HENS HUNGRY AND NOT ON A STRIKE Birds and Squirrels Had Been Stealing Their Food.
Canterbury, Comm.—Conrad A. Gehrke is speaking to his blooded hems again after three weeks of strained relations. Mr. Gehrke decided to spend a part of the winter at his country place, bought the hems and after the first heavy fall of snow came to the conclusion that they recognized him as a novice and were simply cheating him out of good food. He gave them three times as much feed as he had read that they deserved and yet he found them every day apparently wild with hunger, trying to eat the wire of their coop. He quit treating them as companions and served their food each day with a great show of violence.
Then the whole matter was explained. He went out to the coop early in the morning and found that the hens had company. In the yard were a dozen squirrels and a half hundred birds, including quail, bluejays and smaller birds. These hungry, callers were eating ravenously of everything that remained, while the fresh egg producers of the farm stood back sullenly and without any show of enthusiasm regarded the callers. The birds and squirrels retreated when Mr. Gehrke came toward the coop, but returned the moment he turned his back. He threw a great mass of feed out for the hens and almost apologized to them for his late conduct toward them.
When the snow came in this section ring neck peasants, ruffled grouse and even crows have taken up positions near hen yards in the hope of getting enough food to sustain them. At one place a flock of quail numbering more than fifty has taken to feeding in a pliggen, where the service is not of the best, but food in plenty is to be found.
BULLDOG A LIFE SAVER.
Pulls Covers From Its Master When the Bedroom Is In Flames.
Minneapolis.- To the watchfulness of the pet bulldog of C. C. Smith Edward Cox probably owes his life. Cox, who keeps Mr. Smith's dog, was awakened in the night by cold. The dog had pulled all the covers from the bed and was scratching frantically at Cox's arm. Cox awoke to find the interior of the room in flames, and he and the dog rushed out. Firemen were summoned, and they extinguished the fire, which had destroyed the bedclothes, the dog's bed of rags on a chair and some curtains and burned a hole in the floor.
SAVE MINER AFTER A WEEK.
One of Two Entombed Lived on Dinner Pail Contents and Seepage. Seattle.-Mike Davasonick, one of two coal miners entombed by a cave-in in the Cannon mine of the Pacific Coal company at Franklin, was rescued alive after seven days. Though he was weak from lack of food, the mine physician said he probably would soon reover normal strength. Davasonick lived for a week on the contents of his dinner pail and water from seepage.
FEDERAL LAW TO CURB DRUG HABIT
EXONERATESTHEPHYSICIANS
Clergyman Declares Cocaine Can Be Bought as Easily as Ice Cream and Asserts That All States Should Have Uniform Laws—Tells of Effect of Drug on Victims.
New York.—"There is only one way to put an end to the cocaine traffic in the United States, and that is to pass a comprehensive federal law which will regulate the sale not only of the harmful and obnoxious cocaine, but all drugs and narcotics that have vitiating qualities," said the Rev. James B. Curry of St. James' Roman Catholic church when asked for his views on the war on habit forming drugs.
Father Curry became interested in the fight on cocaine nine years ago, and he has been fighting it ever since. He is familiar with every phase of the matter.
"It is a matter that the federal government must deal with sooner or later," be said. "The widespread use of drugs, which is ruining the lives of thousands of men and women in this country and, most important of all, lives of thousands of boys and girls, makes it incumbent on the officials in Washington to take cognizance of this serious matter. The time for procrastination is past, and we must get quick action.
"No individual state can successfully combat the evil. For instance, if New York state passes a drastic law regulating the sale of drugs it will be a simple matter for unscrupulous sellers of the drug to obtain their supply in New Jersey or another state."
"On some sides I have heard physicians of this city criticised for filling prescriptions which enable the bearers to obtain supplies of cocaine. Reputable physicians are striving to lessen this evil to the best of their ability.
"I do think the wholesale drug houses are responsible for the spread of this evil. As an example of how easy it is to obtain cocaine and other harmful drugs from wholesale houses, an acquaintance of mine recently informed me that he could get as much of the drug as he wanted without an order from a physician or anybody else. I was so surprised that I requested him to make the effort.
"He made out a list and mailed it to a drug house and asked for prices. Included in the list was cocaine. In a few days he received the list with the prices filled in, and, checking off some of the drugs, including cocaine, he remailed the list. No long after that the goods were delivered, and the cocaine was in the order. It was no easy as buying ice cream.
"It was in 1906 that I first took up the cudgels against the sellers of cocaine. I noticed sailors drifting over from the flowery and patronizing a certain drugstist. Before entering the store these men seemed to be downhearted and despondent, but coming out their manner had undergone a change. They appeared to be animated and gleeled, cut up capers and seemed pleased with everything in general."
"I saw one of them sell cocaine one day. I succeeded in obtaining some of the drug and sent it to the board of health for analysis. It was found to be 99.50 percent cocaine. Subsequently the drugstreet was forced to close up. "Laws that exist are not comprehensive enough. Some new drug springs up from time to time, and the present laws do not affect its sale. I propose that a law be passed that will cover not only the drugs now regulated, but also new drugs that may come into existence. A law can be so worded as to embrace the new drugs, and there will be no need for further legislation along that line.
"Some persons have asked me where the cocaine habit originally came from. It is a hard question to answer, but I really think that it came from the West Indies. I imagine that the negative help on ships from the West Indies brought the habit to New York years ago."
MAKES MARRIAGE EASIER.
Bill In French Parliament Will, if
Passed, Remove Much Red Tape.
Parks. A bill was presented in the
senate which if passed will greatly
modify the existing marriage regu-
tions. At present the complicated
legal papers required, time absorbed and
fees charged tend to make marriage
unpopular among the poor.
It is generally admitted that this
condition is responsible for the en-
gious number of "free unions."
The new bill eliminates various
formalities and tends to make matrimony
easy in the twentieth century, when, as
the bill states, "one has less and less
time to do anything, even to marry."
Treat Smallpox by Phone.
Rockford, Ill.-To prevent the spread of smallpox Rockford doctors are treating pest patients by telephone. This condition came about when two physicians who had smallpox client-refused to continue treating because they could not carry the practice. Other doctors adopt the method.
THE BEE
Published
at
1109 Eye St. N. W., Washington,
D. C.
W. CALVIN CHASE, EDITOR
Entered at the Post Office at Washington, D. C., as second-class mail matter.
ESTABLISHED 1880
TERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION.
One copy per year in advance...$2.00
Six months...1.00
Three months...5.0
Subscription monthly...20
A NEW OIL AND GAS COMPANY ORGANIZED.
The Adams' Oil, Gas and Development Company, a corporation which has just recently been granted a charter under the Oklahoma laws to generally deal in all phases of the development of the oil and gas industry of Oklahoma, will, through the columns of next week's issue of The Bee, come forth with an elaborate and feasible scheme as regards that company and its future movements and activities in developing the oil and gas industry, in which the people of this city will be given an opportunity to subscribe for a limited amount of the stock of that company, and thus be privileged to share in the rich and profitable returns which seem almost assured for it.
It should be stated in this connection that this company has complied with all the legal requirements in its organization, which, of course, is one of the most essential requisites for any business enterprise, and the personnel of it is comprised of wide-awake and honest business men, in whose hands you need have no fear as to wise economical and profitable management. The contemplated head of this enterprise, as we understand it, is to be a gentleman, after whom the company takes its name—a gentleman, whose competency and integrity are without question. He has given considerable time and thought to the development of the oil and gas industry of this country, and that, together with the fact that his present daily employment of long standing as clerk in the fuel department of the Navy, which has made a specialty of fuel oil purchases for several years for the naval service for use ashore and afloat, has thrown him in direct touch with all phases of the oil and gas industry of this country, make it possible for us to predict a phenomenal success for this company.
We know Oklahoma to be the greatest area of high-grade producing oil in the world, which is certainly saying nothing little for that state and as it is necessary for any operating oil and gas company doing business in any state to be in possession of suitable lands in suitable quantities and varied localities, which have a prospective mineral value, it will no doubt be pleasing to the general public to know that this company now owns some of the best oil and gas lands in Oklahoma, and it is these lands that will form the basis for the company's oil and gas operations.
Millions of dollars worth of liquid gold (crude oil) are being released in Oklahoma from the bowels of the earth yearly, as you can calculate from the present output of 225,000 barrels per day; and the government statistics show the risk to be small compare with almost every other line of industry. It will, therefore, pay those who are looking for a safe, sound and profitable investment to read the last page of next week's issue of "The Bee" and lose no time in securing a share in the company's holdings, which we understand will be very limited.
NEGRO DEMOCRACY.
What is in a name? A name in a community of good citizens carries with it influence and standing. But what is in the name of "Negro Democracy?" It is not a joke; a slander upon a race which is now being oppressed? Negro democracy means a set of insane and disgruntled individuals who are
after the "filthy lucre" and whose principles are corrupt Negro democracy is a misnomer and its membership consists of willing debaucherers, who are as purchasable as bad whiskey from speak-easies on a Sabbath morning, before breakfast and after dinner.
Negro democracy in its strictest sense represents a degeneration of Negro civilization and good citizenship. Negro democracy consists of a class of insane travelers after they have been liberated. Negro democracy is an insane dream or a nightmare that controls the brain of certain Negroes before their minds become intoxicated by the use of Democratic money. Only one object or one thought permeates the brain of this class of individuals.
The more you abuse and ill-treat them the stronger they love you. They are incapable of discerning right from wrong. They believe that ill treatment means stronger love. So insane do they become that they leave their friends and flock to their enemies. This generation of lunatics is more dangerous to the republic than any other class of individuals.
If you kick them away from your door they will return with a resolution of thanks.
The foregoing are only a few of the peculiar characteristics of Negro democracy.
If the Republican party has done nothing more for the Negro than to liberate them, it has done its duty. But has it done more? The Republican party is a party of progress. It believes in equality of citizenship; it has given to the Negro race a liberal education; the Republican party gave the Negro the right to vote and enabled him to accumulate property. It has permitted the wives, daughters, mothers and sisters of these individuals to breathe the air of freedom and independence. In view of the great record of the Republican party no one but an insane Negro could betray it. Some will argue that a Negro has the same right to support the principles of the Democratic party as a white man. By no means. Charges of administration never affect a white man in his vote. He may become financially embarrassed but, not otherwise. His citizenship is in "status quo."
If there is one of these insane Negroes, who has sufficiently recovered his senses to tell the people what he has galned in supporting the Democratic party, or what the country has gained. The Bee will gladly give him space. The country never was in such a condition as it is today. In no part of this country can you go and find a dozen people satisfied with conditions. Certainly so-called Negro democrats are not satisfied, because they have been disappointed in securing what has been near and dear to them—office.
BLACK AND WHITE
The Bee respectfully calls the attention of Dr. Washington's letter in The Outlook to Mr. James K. Vardaman of Mississippi, and let him read it and he will readily see why there is so much ignorance in the South.
No doubt the further you go South the more ignorance you will encounter. Is it not surprising how any people are able to suc-
ceed? Ought not the Sooth, especially the state of Alabama, be ashamed. It not such figures a disgrace upon the state of Alabama? It can be seen that the colored people in the South have a great deal to encounter. What remedy would our Northern colored educators suggest? Can DuBois give a remedy? Will the teachings of DuBois help these illiterates in Alabama, or Dr. Washington's school?
Shall we tell them to read Harvardized DuBois' Routine of Manhood rights or Tuskogee's practical educational book mill? Will DuBois so-called manhood fault-finding doctrine help Alabama or Tuskogee. "National Religious Training School at Durham, Dr. Dudley's school at Greensboro, Ferguson's and William's Academy at Abbeville, S. C., solve the problem? These schools are doing something practical.
The article in The Outlook is worth reading.
JUDGE TERRELL
No better compliment could have been paid to a colored American than the one that Attorney General McReynolds paid Judge Robert H. Terrell, who was renominated by President Wilson as the only holdover judge of the Municipal Court. The attorney general informed the Senate that Judge Terrell was the most competent judge upon the bench of that court. What better compliment could have been given? What did the opposition of a few disgruntled negroes amount to, who were candidates for the place themselves? The best evidence of the high esteem in which Judge Terrell is held by the members of the bar and the judges of the Supreme Court of the District of Columbia, is what they all said to the Department of Justice concerning him. He was the best endorsed man at the Department of Justice and his sponsor was one of the eminent an influential members of the local bar and a Democrat. There was no way for the administration to get behind the endorsements of Hoke Smith, James K. Vardaman and all other members of this Southern oligarchy could not defeat him.
The most surprising thing that struck "The Bee" was the opposition of Senator Root of New York, Why should he vote against Judge Terrell in the committee? Senator Root is a Republican and those negroes who have been loyal to the party expected better things from him. Will the Senator from New York explain why he voted with Democrats in the committee against making a favorable report on the nomination of Judge Terrell? Senator Root is about to retire from the Senate and perhaps he wanted to make a record like our ancient friend ex-Judge Bundy, who advocated segregation of the races just prior to the expiration of his term as judge of the Municipal Court. This coupe did not catch Attorney General McReynolds. The retirement of Mr. Bundy certainly did please "The Bee" as well as colored members of the local bar.
One thing about the Democratic administration, it is onto trimmers and apologists and no man need think that he is making any headway with the administration by abusing the negro. The administration will not compromise itself with the enemy of the Negro.
THE SADDLED SOUTH
Will some philoopher explain why the South is so inimical against the Negro? Has the Negro done anything or is he doing anything to the detriment of the South? Vardaman of Mississippi pretends to be a friend to the colored race and in the same breath he attempts to strike it down or put it out of existence. The Negro must look to the Republican and conservative Democratic north, east and west for the enforcement of his constitutional rights. The South is in the saddle and the rider, who is the South is a careless and unrelenting brutal rider. This inurance must last three more years and then a change is bound to come. The Southern riders will be thrown so completely from their horses that the incident will be a memorable occasion. Then the American people, regardless of color or nationality, will witness such a change that stars will give light at noontime. The Democratic South is upon its last legs. The real hard times have not been felt as yet. They are coming. The South will witness another destitute period worse than the one that occurred during the Civil War. More lives will be claimed in defending the wives and children of those who are now oppressing the innocent blacks. A war with a foreign country has got to come. The South will receive the greatest injury. This prediction
of The Bee may sound like a fairy tale, but watch events. The Vardamans, the Hoke Smiths, the Williams and all other conscientious statesmen will witness and experience the sailldest scene in the entire history of the South. The Negro will not raise his hand to harm his oppressors, but will express his sympathy for them. The Negro sees no reason why his prayers should cease and turn to the shotgun. The prayers of the righteous will preyail.
VOCATIONAL COOKING
The leading women of the city are deeply interested in the success of the classes in cooking in the Vocational Schools. Many inquiries about the course are being daily made, the Housekeepers' Alliance being especially interested in this effort to train efficient workers in a trade that employs the large majority of our self-supporting girls. Many worthy girls desiring to take the course are hindered by the necessity for securing a livelihood while pursuing the course, co-operation of interested housekeepers with the teacher of the Vocational Schools ways could be arranged by which these girls could get this necessary training. It is to be hoped that the various welfare and social organizations of women take this matter up for discussion and immediate investigation.
The Bee would suggest to the school authorities the importance of having this subject pushed extensively in our schools. There is eligible applicant and a competent one at that should be appointed before Congress asks why she is not appointed. There is no reason why this appointment is delayed longer.
HELPING NEGRO PRESS
Ralph Tyler has projected a plan, which if it goes through, will bring to the Negro newspapers a lot of good advertising of a big white concern they have never had before. This is what The Bee calls helping the Negro newspapers. A big white firm which does heavy advertising and with whom Mr. Tyler is personally acquainted has been urged in its next appropriation for advertising to set aside a part for Negro newspapers. Mr. Tyler guarantees that good results will follow. Last year this firm spent over eight hundred thousand dollars for advertising, none of which found its way into Negro newspapers. The Bee hopes, as other Negro newspapers hope, that he will be successful.
A FALSEHOOD.
The correspondent of The Age from this city tells an infamous lie if he says that anyone connected with our public schools is the Sage of the Potomac, or that any article that has appeared in The Bee complimentary to any school official ever enlisted in the schools or was written by any school official or that any school official has anything to do directly or indirectly with any matter that appears in this paper. The Bee believes that a well laid conspiracy exists among certain enemies of the school officials who ought to be taught a lesson. A few transfers would discipline these obstructionists.
And who 'twas threw that brick?
Factions better be getting together mighty soon.
Colored candidates for member of board of education are active:
The Indianapolis Freeman carried an editorial last week thanking Wilton for segregation and his refusal to appoint Negro office holders. It started nowhere and ended the same place. Wonder if Editor Knox saw that queer labored editorial before it appeared?
Prof. Kelly Miller's article on race segregation and discrimination written for The Star was a fine article and an unanswerable one. It was written in that clean-cut, incisive style of his, leaving nothing unsaid. In everything he does Prof. Miller shows his worth to Howard University and to the race.
The Negro press from the lakes to the gulf, and from the Atlantic to the Pacific, raked Dr. DuBois fore and aft for his tactless editorial in which he assailed the Negro press. His tactless blunder has greatly injured The Crisis, and the only way to restore confidence in it is to get a new editor. DuBois ought to resign.
Trial Sermon.
Rev. Thomas Henderson preached his trial sermon last Wednesday evening at Howard University. He made a great effort and there is no doubt that he will be a ministerial success.
Public Men And Things
(By the Sage of the Potomac.)
I notice that the Rev. J. Milton Waldron just don't like this column, and thinks it is all wrong. One swallow never makes a summer, and one Waldron doesn't stand for the entire public. I may have poked a little fun at the good bundle of Baptist faith, 'cause he took his pen in hand and indicted a few letters to government employees requesting a dollar per head, and I may have eased over to him a little good natured line or two that some of his political claims looked to me like driftwood floating around old Cape Hatteras when her capeship was a foaming and raging, but I never got up in no meeting and said the blond-haired ecclesiast was a "good-for-nothinger." I'm just here to add a little humor to the Weekly Sting, and now and then sprinkle just a suspicion of acid into my sayings to attract attention. Any time the general public votes I'm a nuisance I sure can withdraw gracefully, 'cause all I gets for my services is a weekly promissory note from William Calvin, some bouquets from a lot of Bee readers, and a rap, and then from the gentleman of the cloth what Fortune said "looks like a white man and talks like a nigger." I was readin' 'bout the battle of Leuctra, which was pulled off about 371 years before that "born in a manger" affair, and I got next to the dope that after old bone-head Chembrotus held his last council the officers done drunk so much wine that they just got inspired. Now, I'm just easin' this juicy information over to the blond-haired ecclesiast that I done drunk in so much complimentary stuff handed out to the sage that It's got inspired with the notion that the public sort of looks for me each week, and unless they start a votin' contest and vote me out, I'm goin' to do business at the same old stand for a few weeks longer, even if the emigrant from Florida and the discard from Indiana, R. Windy, do insist on handin' out that line of junk old Epictetus once handed out 'bout "He who now vilifies, then admires." I'll wager one of Doc Sum Wormley's gold crowns against one of Doe Cherry's painless extractions that Rev. J. Milton reads me regularly each week, and I know R. Windy—and he's a mighty clever chap at that, would-rather miss one of Bob Allen's "mornin' mornin'" than miss me each week.
\*\*\*
Say do you know that little hesitation-waltz creature out from there some place in Ohio, Nev. Thomas, is some more saver? Well, Nev has been bluffin' some ancient and modern history through the billiard ball heads of M Street students for 'hout ten years in this man's town, and while some of his pals have been comforting them there "ten per centers" Nev's been buying dirt, bricks and mortar, and helpin' Washington banks to increase their surplus. Now if Nev can do this, I can't see for this bloomin' life of mine why others don't do it. Nev may have a little hesitation waltz in his figures of speech, but 'take it from me, there ain't no hesitation in his top piece. There's just two thing's Nev's got a mania for; holdin' on to his cheek and fightin' for that association with an elongated name. He's just almost nutty on the association, so nutty that he will actually go down in his jeans and dig up the coin for it. And let me promise you that any time Nev separates himself from some of his coin he sure is interested. I like his enthusiasm, and I like his crazy idea of plantin' his pennies so they will grow into dollars, and putin' a little more dirt on the tax duplicate to his credit. I was talkin' to him last week, and he opened up on that elongated association work, and the way that boy did rattle it off was good for Amey. No use in jugglin' the dope. if it hadn't been for, old hesitation Thomas this here alphabetic association would have been Walldronized, and that three thousand simolions what took an excursion up to New York would be nestlin' here in Washington just inactive like. If some of these anthracites teachers what spends their salary thirty days before they gets it, and then finds they are fifty or a hundred in debt more than they drawn down when they gets it, will pattern after old Hesitation, they will be on easy street when the superannuation day rolls round. Nev. is some more bird of a saver. Sometimes I just get the inspiration that some place back in the history of his family some of them there Rothschilds ancestors formed a connection for some of his prehistoric ancestors, and Nev. just inherited the Jew's regard for a dollar.
Speakin' 'hout Nev. Hesitation Thomas reminds me there is a bunch of extravagant anthracites in this town. I dropped into Jim Gray's the other evenin' thinkin' it was Monday, and I saw a callow youth who makes about ten dollars a week, orderin' champagne with just all the abandonment of Hoch der Kaiser. He just thought he was shinin', and back home I'll bet a blind robbin agin a sow's foot his wife, or mother or sister or children was livin' on imagination and hope. Just somehow these kin folks of ourn can't help but imitatin' the Belmonts and the Vanderbilts when they ought to he imitatin' Isaac Josnosky down there on Seventh Street who lives in two rooms and does business in both. Doc Williston once sampled this dope out to me in Doc. Will Davis' pill factory: "You know these race of yours in reality, and mine ostensibly, just likes to live today so they will want tomorrow. They get's a whole lot of enjoyment out of wantin' and a mighty little satisfaction out of havin'!" You know Doc Williston is a philosopher as well as a physician, and ever now and then he hands out a crate of wisdom what's a nearkin to the dope old Bacon used to hand out.
---
Speakin' 'bout Doc. Will Davis, I drapped in his store tother day, and Doc. Frank, his brother, told me Will had actually worked himself up with a nuff. enthusiasm to take a vacation, and that he was now somewhere in the vicinity of the New York subways. Any time Doc. Will Davis packs his little portmanteau and hustles out of town, you can just prepare for an eclipse of the moon, an earthquake or a flood. 'cause it's so unusual. 'Bout once a year he eases himself down town, incog, and walks over to see if the White House is still standing, and then meanders back to 11th and You satisfied. He does everything by telephone. Telephones his deposits to the bank even. If Doc. hits the "Great White Way" trail up there in New York and meets up with one of those soul mates with a tango stride and a hesitation smile, he might make up his mind to stay 'bout ten days reducin' the interest on his principle. Otherwise he might blow in any day and grab up his mortar and pestle and begin compoundin' those medicin stuffs what brings in a hundred per cent profit. Somebody started the rumor that Doc. had gone off and got married. Take it from me that Doc. Will Davis ain't no soft Mark Antony that some Cleopatra can smudge, up so close that she will get his goat. Doc is bomb proof in this marriage business.
LARGE MEETING
Of Citizens of Garfield, D. C., at Emanuel Baptist Church—Work of Rev. Jesse A. Taylor—Volunteer Probation Officer of the Police Court of the D. C. Highly Commended by Prominent Speakers and Financial Aid Given Him.
Sunday afternoon last a well attended meeting of the citizens of Garfield, D. C., was held at the Emanuel Baptist Church under the auspices of a committee of ladies who have organized to assist Rev. Jesse A. Taylor, pastor of the church, in his work as probation officer of the Police Court of the District of Columbia. The committee is composed of Miss E. B. Adams, Mrs. H. S. Henry and Mrs. A. W. Carroll.
After singing by the Junior Choir, Scripture reading by Rev. Taylor and prayer by Rev. Richard H. Beverly, Miss Adams, who presided, introduced Mr. A. W. Carroll, ex-president of the Garfield Citizens' Association, who stated the object of the meeting. He was followed in a short but pointed address by Attorney W. H. Lewis, Jr., secretary of said association. By special invitation Attorney W. C. Martin was present and delivered the principal address of the occasion. Brief but appropriate addresses were made by Mrs. J. M. Ricks, of the Ricks Foundation, and Messrs. H. S. Henry, G. D. Petus, M. C. Wingfield, and H. Hodge. Solos were rendered by Mrs. Jane Caldwell and Miss Marbel Coates. Benediction by Rev. Warster, pastor of Allen A. M. E. Church. In the addresses unstinted eulogy was given Rev. Taylor for his good work as volunteer probation officer and the speakers emphasized the necessity of having some willing and competent person to look after those who are brought before the police court for minor offenses. A nice sum of money was collected and presented to Rev. Taylor to assist him in his probation work.
GRAND UNION
Emancipation Celebration April 17.
At the Nineteenth Street Baptist Church, Friday evening, April 17, under the auspices of the Hampton Institute Alumni Association and the Advisory Board and members of the Home for Friendless Girls, a joint committee, representing the Alumni Association and the Home for Friendless Girls, have set apart April 16, the District of Columbia Emancipation Day, as Tag Day for the Home. Two thousand tags will be distributed in the interest of the Home. The committee held a meeting at the residence of Mr. F. D. Lee Thursday evening, March 26, and agreed to canvass the entire city, and will endeavor to tag all places of business and all societies in which our people are connected.
The Baptist Ministers' Conference, in their meeting last Monday, endorsed the movements and pledged their support and tagged their churches.
On Friday night, April 17, the Emancipation meeting will take place in the Nineteenth Street Baptist Church. Rev. Chas. S. Morris, of Norfolk, Va., will be the principal speaker.
The committee asks the assistance of all citizens. We believe the cause merits your support.
MRS. EMMA V. KENNEY.
Fred Douglass Home.
A friend of mine, in New Jersey, has inquired of me if the trustees of the Douglas home has authorized the sale of Fred Douglas buttons for the purpose of paying off the mortgage on the property. Thousands are being sold in that State. Without being in possession of the facts, I informed him I believed it was a fraud. Find out if the trustees are raising money in this manner and if not so authorize The Bee has a duty to perform and knows how to do it.
GEO. C. SMITH.
Mr. Archibald Grimke is the authorized party from whom you may obtain the information you desire.—Ed.
Misses Theresa Lee and Lillian Evans promise that the Spanish and other dances to be seen April 18, 1914, at Majestic Theater, in the three-act drama to be given by the Renaissance Players will be worth the full price of admission.
Prof. Ernst Amos, whose sweet tenor has electrified the public, has charge of the singers who appear in "The Common Enemy," to be presented by the Renaissance players. Striking electrical effects are promised for the play by Prof. A. C. Newman, principal of the Cardoza vocational school, who is in charge of the artistic lighting.
* ‘ oe : SE als
—<_<_$_—X—X—«—X—__—K__saasoro*SSSSS 7 ‘ :
j n° WHEEL DOES DAMAGE. | eae SS
ae. e
After king Kitchen It Sets Ho N t 3 ] R | T . S
HOW GIRL'S FAITH |+-- wwe National Religious Training Schoo
| South Norwalk, Conn—TKe wheel of
SAVED JENNINGS si 2c°.:! "|
ica je a minute, went throug! Pine Soetee ore RE gee : San SInIICSa aoee =
th f Mrs. Isabell pe ene DAA Oe Ohara oP
a ore ee ee eee
Gandidate For G f Ok Ju all directions, ‘Then i entered the ‘ See ae 1 TERE vee uA eesti BR Re oe Reet KS =
rad ¥itebon. Lasek f RS ESe op ese ESS a & ONS eR EASON Ee ENS SNS eae AS + Se
A a ON" | tote he neon ener | (MMSE et ea Ss aa er —_
lahoma Former Gonvict, | Ste otter side of the house, which) [i i a at Gh AE aM MRC aris aioe) Me ee at
— 1 rth wheel, which welghed more than { Ra | er LM 4 i ' es Pi a a a |
cE pounds, was broken from the au- a ee ee cae 7 a - Py _ Bae a ll
Ne Te SA», sre trcgmrerg er ir me aE Ae ee . ae ee ele
JURHING POINT IN HIS LIFE) tmovus of wunam Ricker ot New! | ipMOMeZi50% “Ass Scenic glee ae <a a nS Ie ee
Ten Years Ago High School Girl
Smiled Confident Trust Into Eyes of
Desperate Man Just Released From
Prison—Now He Expiains That Her
Bolief Turned Tide of His Life.-
Oklahoma City, Okla.—Once an out:
law, train robber and convict, Al Jen-
nings is now one of the leading candi-
dates for governor of this state. But
that is another story. This is bow be
was made to lift his head and see
something bright in the future. -
A girl of sixteen was traveling across
the state with her grandparents. She
‘was a high school student of Edwards-
Ville, Ind., und carried about 2 pretty
safe map of human nature in her own
ttle bead. Wer grandfather met Al
Jennings In the smoking car. Alice
Warder, the high school girl, thought
that Jennings looked really nice in
spite of the fact that his face was
seamed and marred with a thousand
wrinkles. His smile, however, was
Uke the smile of all humanity. And
there was ineradicable dignity in his
ive feet five inches. He sald bis name
was Mr. Jennings and he had been
talking to Alice's grandfather of train
robbers. £
Mr. Jennings knew everything in
the world there was to know about
train robbers. He described them in
silaring detail In the Nght of his Inti-
mate knowledge.. Alice Warder had
never In her life spent a more thrilling
two hours. -
Tt was dark and Mr. Jennings was
still talking. Allce's grandfather drew
oy a 3
&
of yO
ees
: a 34
y Ak =
\ ABT
—~s
FP SF
? Ps: Hoi
AL JENNINGS.
his wife to another seat, leaving Alice
to drink in more adventures,
“Miss Warder, I have deceived you a
Uttle bit, I guess, I talked as if I had
only beard of these holdups from other
People or maybe read about them. The
fact 1s I planned every one. I am a
train robber myself. Got sent up for
it. Iam just out of the Leavenworth
prison,
“I thought I'd tell-you about it so
You wouldn't think I had imposed on
you. I'm through lying. Never did He
except when I had to. There fs mighty
Uttle difference between acting a le to
8 girl ike you and telling one. I am
going to tell your grandfather about ft
in a minute.”
Suddenly Alice. with her knowledze
of human nature—this girl believer In
the innate zoodness of bad men—had
an impulse that the man ‘who wit-
-bessed It has never forgotten. . He
says new it had a great deal to do
with chanzing thie drift of his life, then
Dlack with defeat. Alice Warder, her
eyes shining. stretched out her hands
and cried:
“I don't care about your past—I don't
care a Vit—<o long as your future's all
right.”
Five minutes more and the two part
ed. The ex-convict went on riding in
the smokins car toward a future of
which until that nizht he thought usu
ally with cynical contempt. The man
and the girl with hopeful eyes did not
meet again for ten years,
Now she fs Mrs. I. 0. McLean of
Pittsburgh. Recently the maid ushered
8 caller into Mrs. McLean's library.
And withont other warning a well
ressed little man, his face very lined
and his hair very red, stood before her.
“Al Jennings!" 7
“Allee Warder!”
It was the first time they had met:in
ten years. Ruth hal many stories to
tell during the four t+ -~ ennversa-
tion. -
“Goodby, Mie * “Lome
after din:et -**
én Mk «
AUTO WHEEL DOES DAMAGE.
After Wrecking Kitchen It Sets House
on Fire.
South Norwalk, Conn.—Tfe wheel of
@ large automobile, sald to hhve been
going a mile a minute, went through
the pantry window of Mrs. Isabelle
Seymour's home here, sending dishes
in all directions. Then It entered the
kitchen, knocked the stove to pieces
and set the house on fire. Next it bit
the other side of the house, which
stopped it,
Tho wheel, which weighed more than
100 pounds, was broken from the au-
tomobile of William Ricker of New
York as it was coming down stcep
Armory hill.
The wheel gained momentum for a
hundred feet or so, then knocked over
a fence at the side of the road and
went down a precipitous Incline to
Mrs. Seymour’s home.
“UNDESIRABLE” SHIPPED.
Locked Up In Tool Box of an Outgoing
> Locomotive.
9 Springfield, Mo. — How ten fathers
horsewhipped a man who bad been ac-
cused of improper conduct, at bis
boarding house and then shipped him
out of town by locking him in the tool
box of a locomotive, was told to the
Police chief here by a committee of.
citizens who had been summoned to
police headquarters.
The affair occurred the. night pre
vious, and its victim, according to the
report to the police, was Jerry Malone.
an employee at the St. Louis and San
Francisco (Frisco) railroad shops.
No trace of Malone could be found
the next day, and Frisco officials. were
asked to open the tool box on every lo-
comotive between here and Newburg,
Mo., as it {s believed he was sent to
that town. ,
SNOW ENTOMBS FOUR IN TENT
Hunting Party In West Forced to Dig
Fifty Foot Tunnel.
Reno, Nev.—Marooned by a twelve
foot. fall of show, R. D. Hawley, an
eastern banker, and three companions
on 8 hunting trip were forced to
spend a week in a tent on one of the
peaks of the Peavine mountain range.
The snowstorm was so severe that
the men were obliged to remain in
thelr tent until thelr provisions ran
out, They then dug a tunnel fifty feet
long and succeeded In killing some
game. One of the party fell and
sprained his knee.
Mountain Hons prowled about the
tent and once even penetrated into the
tunnel, but were driven away.
Senate Votes fo Forbid To-
hacco at Secret Sessions,
Washington.—There will be no more
smoking behind closed doors when the
senate is In secret session nor in the
secret party caucus room. The fragrant
Havana will be put away voluntarily
by the senators, at least so long as
Senator Benjamin R. Tillman of South
Carolina is one of their members, Thit
was decided by a unanimous vote.
“Pitchfork Ben,” who Is sixty-seven
years old and was giver up by his
friends for dead four years ago after
a atroke of paralysis, now finds that
tobacco smoke nauseates him, and he
cannot take part in the secret proceed.
ings because of the tobacco fumes. He
introduced a resolution to abolish smok:
Ing in secret session. It was abolished
in open session many years ago.
But for the personal appeal of the
aged and infirm senator in a whimsical
speech it is not likely that the resolv-
ton would have been adopted. All of
his colleagues are very fond of bim.
He read a letter from Senator Root of
New York indorsing his request.
The South Carolina senator appenr-
ed in the new role of health lecturer.
Not only did he discuss the tobacco
habit, but he said most people were
digging thelr graves with thelr teeth.
Overeating and other forms ef high
living, he said, were killing bis col-
learned
NEW FUEL FOR FURNACES.
Pulverized Coal May Revolutionize
Steel Making.
Sharen, Pa.—Officers of a steel com-
Pany nie elated over the successful re-
sult of experiments conducted with
pulverized coal in an open hearth fur-
nace
. The first heat with the new fuel was
drawn off recently. Not only was the
quality of the metal higher, but more
heat was made in much less time than
4s obtained by the old method.
The new furnace ig the only one
equipped for pulverized coal, but offi-
clals declare several will be erected
immediately. Steel men state that the
use of the new fuel will revolutionize
open hearth steel making.
——————__
. Girl Bests Hole Digger.
ne a
n, W. Va.—Miss Emm
young girl, compellet +
wkmen employed by the
Ma Traction and Electri-
lose a half day’s wank
imped into a hole they hit
to erect a pole in front of
ome. After waiting fur
+ ‘s for the girl to leave the
vman decided, to place the
ler place.
National Religious
Ate pa he NAc? Sle PLE See, BIE eS Oe a co ene SS Sa
Lea ce SRN Lae A Ee ATEN eR We ig SE ae ont ee if
Ee ane Rama pacts ie 8 reat LR ay CS eee a
5 vgs eer So Ea m eee eee i ao
gee tbh SS Pe PA Ny Se SS SOE A iter rane Capron rs Snr heh a.
a ge ag «7 RAS GANG g thames oe ae tenia gs gio Cenc ty ie er ae
i ae A a Me terse ch a
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Brel 4 Lae Hd am z=
ne TO ee oo ee) F —— ae
PARE Sin», wre cemeteries aities ; Pe ee
Pa a ss ioe a a ce mm Ee ee igs foe. eee
Be, gn, | ea eee OO ge hae eS
RES SSCS Groceigh eM ae Resa: oo ee aa ee
Boe Gace ott oe all sg Oe phe ese OF one ee =i a 7
mre 4 THE NATIONAL RELIGIOUS TRAINING SCHOOL, (7" a= — SE es
Vue fd at “tere 9 Lived oe Oe ~ “Roo =
Uffers superior advan.ages for the training of young men and women
in many departments of work. :
The following Departments are in successful operation.
1. Department of Religious Training. This department is
intended especially for the training of Y. M. C. A. and Y. W. C. A.
Secretaries. Settlement workers, Deaconesses, and for Home and
Foreign Missionaries, }* CRS ae
2. Department of Theology.
3. Commercial Department. .
4. Literary Department.
5. Department of Music.
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1833 14th Street, N. W., Washington, D. C.
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’ BUSINESS OFFICE and PLANT, 1109 EYE STREET. N. W.
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; Uptown Office:
¥ Phone: North 2862-9 - 4
“J would be in my grave but
for Dr. Miles’ Heart Remedy
[could not walk across the house and
the doctors I had told my husband I
had consumption. A lady told me to
try
Dr.Miles’ Heart Remedy
[ went and got $5.00 worth and I got
better, I welxhed 115 pounds. I now
welzh 180, and I owe my health to
Dr. Miles’ Remedies.” =
Mrs. Fred Wiltse,
RF. D. No. 13, Allen, Sich.
Most people who use Dr. Miles’
Heart Remedy have the same ex-
perience Mrs, Wiltse had, they get
better. A medicine that enables a
weak heart to regain lost strength
without depressing effects is the
best to use.
The first bottle Is guaranteed to
Benetit or your druggist gives back the
prices .
Maude Allen. of Baltimore. Alc
who for a number of years has at-
tired in men’s clothing, will don wo-
man’s wear in the future. The po-
lice ordered her some time ago to
discard her pants and she has shown
a_willingness to comply with this
ultimatum.
ST _ ER | a
Isaiah_ T. Montgomery, founded
Mound Bayou, Bolivar County, Miss.,
twenty-seven years ago. With a
band of relatives” and friends he
braved the ferocious animals which
frequented the place and succeeded
in dragging the surveyor's chain
through tanglewood for the townsite.
The colonists selected what proved
to be the center of the largest cotton
producing county in the world.
A colored school teacher, Mr. John
son, of near Guthrie, Okla., recently
refused an offer of $100,000 for a
piece of land that did not cost him
one-tenth of that amount, An oil
well has been sunk on his land which
yields him a royalty of $50 per day.
eeu ss
Mrs. Ida A, Walker, president .of
the Missouri State Federation of Col-
sred WYUIUeI > LIUDo, to Just us active
‘a fostering the commercial intérest
of her race in St. Joseph, her home,
.1s she is in expanding the zone of
usefulness of the Federation.
Opeu from 6:30 a. m. to 6 p.m.
Opem Sundays 7 a. m. to 6:15 p.m.
7
.LEE'S LUNCH ROOM
Geo. hh. Lee, Prop.
1231 E Street N. W.
\reals 15c and <5c.
Washington, D.C.
. — SS se
He . a eet
7th and Eye Sts., N. W
8 = ee SS SR 2 ert t .
| f sWHEN IN DOUBT ABOUT YOUK . _ Beautiful Lounges
we _ Morris Chairs Writing Desea
‘ Household Furniture Music Boots Bada
ef all kinds and description, Houseand Herrmann. is the place Fins Bedsteads and Mattresses
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-yRore: . + ] 7 -
| Go To
{ HOLMES’ HOTEL
2 333 Virginia Ave. S W.
| Finest Afro-American Accommo-
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James Ottoway Holmes, Prop., |
Washington, D. C.
| Phone, Main 2315. .
Training Schoo
6. Department of Literary Training . °
7. Department of Industries. .
~8. Extension Home Classes. Be
There are special scholarsnips for deserving young men
sromen, in the Departments of Theology and Religious Triining
The aext Summer School and Chautauqua will open Julv 3, 1910.
For further information and catalogue, address
PRESIDENT JAMES FE. SHEPARD,
Durham, N. C.
€
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HEE SE HE HES Be Oe oe te ee ee
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& It’s time to be thinking about |
e new Furniture and Carpets. !
Look vsrough your home and !
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GS SE Se oe ee ee oe ae te