The Broad Ax

THE RACE PROBLEM! Its Natural Solution. Having spent a life both North and South and in each section before the war of secession; and over fifty years in the Southern States of Tennessee, Lousiana, Alabama, Missouri I certainly believe I know something of the relations of the races. During slavery the blacks who had earned their freedom and prospered as industrious citizens engaged the respect and confidence of all the whites, excepting the "white trash" who were naturally jealous of them. And had it not been for that deplorable political crime that placed the black race in leading strings behind the Republican party there never could have been the least difficulty between the two races. And I do assert that today the feeling of antipathy in the South against the blacks is not one whit stronger than was the same feeling at the North prior to 1860 among the masses of native Americans as against the foreigners and their allies of the Democratic party. And I have no fear or doubt but the cure of this bad condition in the South will come about just as did the remedy or the same condition in the times of the know nothing craze, unless the general government shall deepen it into a carnival of bloody horror. On the day of the Presidential election in 1892 at Mobile, Ala. I was with a small company of rabid political democrats, mostly old confederates who were indulging in some very bitter talk. Just then came among us a Negro hater. "Well gentlemen,, what do you think? I have been to the polls where I had to stand behind a long THEN AND NOW. .A man must have a very narrow intellect if he thinks that the great revolutions made in society by our labor saving and centralizing inventions will permit affairs to remain the same. Go back fifty years and you find everything was done by each community for itself. Very few farms were rented and those few were on easy terms for renters. All manufacturing, banking and carrying was done by each community for itself. That meant that all the net profits as well as gross was retained in the community to be expended within its limits. Now all the net profits go to the Eastern cities or to Europe. They are paid in commodities and go out as exports. That is why our exports are so heavy. For the past fifty years England has had the reverse condition. She has done nearly all for herself and for the entire world and her imports have been double her exports. These imports were payments to her. Time will soon show that our poverty will increase till labor cannot endure it. Booker T. Washington has written a letter to the Kishineff Relief League of this city, expressing his sympathy for the Hebrew sufferers across the sea, in which he says, "the reports that have come of the horrors of Kishineff are shocking to the last degree, and civilization justly revolts against the cruelties that have been visited upon the heads of the people so law-abiding and peace-loving as the Jews." This is all very well on the part of Booker Washington, but why is he mum or silent as to the existence of slavery in Alabama? Is he not cognizant of the fact that right now, Negro men and women, girls and boys, are alike shackled and hand-cuffed, beaten to death with buggy traces and gin struts, bought and sold and hunted down by ferocious blood-hounds by the slave drivers of his locality? Has he no sympathy for those unfortunate, innocent victims who are subjected to such hellish treatment simply because their skin is black? If he has not, then his hypocrisy is more than enough to shame the very devil himself and all his imps of hell! Col. or Elder D. R. Wilkirs and his lovely sidewhiskers lent much dignity to the Wyatt mass meeting held at Institutional church. Vol. VIII. line of "Niggers" for one hour before I had a chance to vote. But I will be glad to do it again, Yes by G—I would stand behind all day to see what I saw this morning—nearly every man of them voted`the Democratic ticket", "Is that so? Are you sure?" "Well done!" "Hurrah for them!" Such were the expressions that burst forth The day after the election I was up at Spring Hill near Mobile. Quite a company of Southern gentlemen were gathered at the Post Office. It seems they had set out a fine dinner at the voting place to entice some of the Negroes to vote with them. It is astonishing what strange bedfellows politics will make. Black and white feasted together jovially. But although the "colored voters" swallowed the bated hook, for not one voted the Democratic ticket. One or two of the whites expresed some indignation at the result. This so tickled the crowd that the laughter was loud and long. Finally one man said: "Now gentlemen! what else can we expect. That Republican party had done everything for the black man during and right after the war and he is grateful. We cant blame him. He cannot see that today he is made a tool of by this later Republican party. Let us hope that he will get his eyes open and see that his true welfare is with the people of his own home. Everybody agreed and even the indignant gentlemen smiled assent. I then thought that these two facts contained the solution of the race problem, if well reflected over. THE CASE OF THRASHER AT TUSKEGEE. Max Bennett Thrasher, who since 1888 or '89 has been Booker Washington's literary manager and general publicity man, died at Tuskegee week before last of peritonitis, and was taken home for burial in Vermont last week. Thrasher was a newspaper man before going to Tuskegee, and was employed by Washington for his general acquaintance with, and his ability to work newspapers in Washington's interest. Washington owes everything to the press, and he early discovered that in order to keep his stock on the boom, he must have a man acquainted with newspaper ways; hence, his employment of Thrasher, it is now being pointed out that Dr. Wood became the great and efficient Gen. Wood in Cuba through the press assistance of Bellairs in the same way by manipulating the Associated press, Thrasher was also the magna pars in writing Washington's "Up From Slavery," just as an English writer had written for the "Wizard," his "Future of the American Negro." So when Prof. Barrett Wendell of Harvard praised Washington's book for its English he was not praising the work of Washington, but that of this young Vermenter Thrasher. Mr. Thrasher was the writer of several newspaper and magazine articles, any of which will reveal the style of "Up from Slavery." He was also remarkable in that we believe him the first white man in our memory who has given his talent freely thus to aid in exploiting a Negro without letting it be known generally that he was doing it. Bellairs squealed on Wood toward the last; but Max Bennett Thrasher has died without once telling the world that he, and he alone had constituted all there was intellectual and plausible in Washington theory. Till Thrasher went to Tuskegee Washington held on like grim death to industrialism as the sole need for the Negro. But the newspaper man soon saw the absurdity of such a position, and brought Booker out for the higher training. Thrasher to some extent saved the day for him, but only partially so, as the colored people had already discovered the deadly virus of Booker's teachings, and were fleeing from him.—The Guardian, Boston, Mass. Woman is the goose that is plucked by priest and parson to keep up church superstition and ignorance.—Ex. HEW TO THE LINE. CHICAGO, JUNE 20,1903 The Souls of Black Folk Discussed at the Home of Mr. and Mrs. F. L. Barnett. Monday evening June 15, Mr. and Mrs. F. L. Barnett, 3232 Rhodes Ave. entertained many of their friends and during the evening, Prof. W. E. B. Du Bois new book "The Souls of Black Folk," was discussed by them. Mrs. Barnett read the first three chapters of the book, and Col. E. H. Morris, Mrs. Green (mother of Dr. Lewis). Rev. Father Lealtad, Mrs. Blackwell. Edward H. Wright, Dr. George C. Hall, Allison W. Sweeney, Rev. J. W. Robinson, Mr. and Mrs. Barnett, Mrs. George C. Hall, Rev. D. H. Harris and Noah D. Thompson participated in the long discussion which followed: It seemed that instead of confining the discussion to the merits or the demerits of "The Souls of Black Folk," most of the speakers lit into Prof. Booker 1. Washington, Dr. Hall straddled the question and he did not want to go on record as either praising or condemning the wizard of Tuskegee. Allison W. Sweeney, who blew into this town from Indianapolis about a year ago, and who always knows which side his bread contains the sweet moisszes raised his musical or molodicus voice in behalf of Booker T. or his new master. From the way the speakers talked about Prof. Washington, dealing in "False Logic", one would naturally conclude that they had been reading The Broad Ax for the sentiments which they gave expression to appeared in its columns within the past month. Mrs. Noah D. Thompson lead off in discussing the last chapter in "The Souls of Black Folk", and then the other guests realized that the book was under discussion and not Tuskegee Institute. Among those present who refrained from "joining in the discussion" were Rev. Moses Jackson, Prof. and Mrs. Wm. Emanuel,Mr. and Mrs. Wallace, Rev. Wallace, Dr. and Mrs. Lewis, Mr. and Mrs. Rust Yerby, Mr. and Mrs. D. Lawrence, Mr. and Mr. Curd, Mrs. Lealtad and Miss Mattle Johnson. Its a good idea for the leaders of the smart set to study or read the works of the authors or writers of the race and in time they may learn that Afro-Americans are as capable of giving expression to their thoughts on paper, the same as the men and women belonging to other races. Sheriff Thomas E. Barrett had his weather eye wide open when he selected John J. Geary as his first assistant. Mr. Geary is the smoothest proposition that ever came down the pike. He is ever ready to extend the glad hand to all comers and if he continues to serve the people faithfully as assistant Sheriff, The Broad Ax will gladly support him for Sheriff of Cook county in 1906. It was indeed, an edifying sight to behold W. W. Johnson, who claims to be a lawyer, whom we would not trust any further than we could throw a short tailed bull by the tail, strutting around in the Institutional church last Sunday, with his long Jimswinger coat, guiding and directing the Wyatt mass meeting. As long as such fellows are placed at the head of the most important committees, nothing can ever be accomplished to right the wrongs inflicted upon the Negro. Many people residing in Palos Park, shed large crocodile tears when they learned that Robert Mosely, and honest and decent Afro-American had bought a home in their midst. These Christian saints held an indignation meeting and passed resolutions to the effect that Mosely and his wife should not be permitted to reside in Palos Park; that they, the whites, did not want any "niggers" residing near unto them, without saying anything about entering their homes and mixing up in their swell functions. While on the other hand Mr. Mosely contends that he is not anxious to associate with those narrow-minded whites; for they received with open arms into their best society, a man, who was a gambler, a thief, and a bank robber, and whose wife, was for years the leading belle in the sporting district of Chicago. [Picture of a man with a mustache and a suit]. Mr. Samuel Roberts, whose remarks lately on the "Race Problem," have attracted widespread attention, and they are reproduced in full in this issue of this paper. THE RACE PROBLEM. Remarks by Samuel Roberts Recently Before the Men's Club of the Universalist Church, 65th St. and Stewart Ave., Chicago. "All truth is safe and nothing else is safe, and he who keeps back the truth or withholds it from men, from motives of expediency, is either a coward or a criminal, or both." For the past twenty five years I have been combating religious superstition. I believe that all religions are founded upon ignorance, misconceptions and falsehoods, and that superstition is the warp and woof of every creed. Concerning the race problem, I feel a great deal as the late Col. Ingersoll felt, when he was asked what he would do if he were God? He replied that he would make the people all white or all black, and that would solve the race problem. We all know that it is the deeprooted prejudice of the whites against the Negroes, owing to the dark color of their skins, that causes the colored people to be treated by the white people as an inferior race, depriving them of the privileges and rights which the whites claim and arrogate to themselves. A few years after the close of the civil war, while a resident of Davenport, Iowa, I realized the full force of the above truth, as I had never done before. One day I stepped into an omnibus to be conveyed home, and among the passengers was a colored man. Very soon after I entered I heard the driver of the omnibus tell the colored man to "get out." I surmised at once what the trouble was and I asked the colored man if he had the money to pay his fare; he answered that he had; I then told him, loud enough for the driver to hear, to stay in, and that I would see that he was protected. He stayed there and the driver made no further objections, The man was decent and respectable in appearance, but he was not a white man, hence owing to the color of his skin, had no rights which an omnibus driver was bound to respect. He was man enough, too, to appreciate what I had done for him, and never forgot to thank me whenever I met him. In mentioning this incident I do not wish to claim any credit. It may be that I am so constituted that I could not help doing just as I did. I believe that it is manly duty to stand by my fellow-man, whenever he needs a helping hand, irrespective of creed or color. "A man is a man for a' that." Now the question naturally arises, how is this unjust prejudice on the part of the white man against the colored man to be conquered? The colored man can no more change the color of his skin than the leopard can change his spots; and the unchangeable God, having retired from the miracle business, no relief can come to the unfortunate colored man from that source. Neither can he look for much assistance from the white man; he must, therefore, depend almost wholly upon his own personal efforts and upon his strenght of character. He must guard against assassinating his manhood, by tamely submitting to insult and injustice. He must endeavor to educate himself, not religiously, but ethically and scientifically, so that his mind may be entirely emancipated from all kinds of superstition. This will enable him to become mentally free and independent, if he continually bears in mind that eternal vigilance is the price of liberty and manhood. In my opinion, one of the greatest obstacles that stands in his way to achieve his natural rights, is a belief in the supernatural and in the inspiration of the Bible—a book upon which the superstitious Christian religion is founded. In this book the first law establishing slavery is recorded, being one of the laws "which the Lord made between him and the children of Israel in Mount Sinai by the hand of Moses." (See Leviticus 25-44 to 46 and 26-46.) Hence slavery is called a divine institution. This book not only commands slavery, "the sum of all villainies," but allows an owner to beat his servant or his maid to die a lingering death without his being called to account, "for he is his money" (Exodus. 21:21). The Bible also sanctions nearly every vice known in the catalogue of crime, viz., deception, lying, cheating, murder, witchcraft, cannabalism, human sacrifice, injustice to women, cruelty to children and animals, polygamy and intemperance. It's God even attempts to make total abstainers drink wine, but being more honest than he, they absolutely refused. (Jeromiah. 35:1-10.) The effect of the bible teaching in sustaining slavery is shown in what Frederick Douglass has said: "We have men stealers for ministers, women whippers for missionaries, and cradle plunderers for members." This so-called holy book of God contains (147) palpable contradictions, which are necessarily (147) lies. The (33) miracles said to have been wrought by it's Jesus are (33) additional lies. The miracles and other absurdities recorded in the Old Testaand in the light of modern knowledge are regarded as impositions and forgeries. It is only the uncritical, suerstitious religionist, and the selfish pharaasical, paid priesthood, that refuse to be enlightened by established scientific facts; who still cling to the absurd belief in the impossible and Munchausen stories of the Bible—the citadel of injustice and superstition. A large number of passages in the Bible are too vulgar and obscene to be read, either publicly or privately. A writer in the "Arena" says: "If the Bible was a translation of a sacred book of India, China or Egypt, the whole Christian world would cry cut against the publication of many of its passages." The Coreans have such respect for decency and virtue as to prohibit the landing of the Bible as an immoral book. In view of the fact, unfortunately for the colored man, that a large majority of the white people of the South are exceedingly religious and strict believers in the divine authority of the "Holy Bible" and, having been taught by both pulpit and press for generations that the colored people are an inferior race, will be very slow to take any steps that will advance them to a position that will change the relation of master and slave—a condition which practically still exists in the South., both politically and socially, if not physically. No.34. Discipline, scientific instruction, honest toil, economic justice and emancipation from bible superstition of both black and white, not excluding the important factor of time, will ultimately solve the race problem. Past experience having most conclusively shown that the Christian religion, with its thousands of preachers and its hypocritical pretense for the brotherhood of man, has utterly failed to solve the problem, I can offer no better remedy. Let us not forget, let us not be deceived any longer; SCIENCE, not Jesus, is the Savior of Mankind. CHIPS Dr. C. D. Trice, late of Morlain, Texas, has become a resident of this city and he has opened up an office at 2902 State St. Attorney J. Gray Lucas spent the first part of the week at Muncle, Ind., and while in that city he feasted on chicken and strawberry short-cake. Bar Negro Militia July 4. Atlanta, Ga., Special.—The Fulton Guards, Atlanta's crack NEGRO MILITARY company will not be allowed to parade or take part in any drill planned for the Fourth of July. Wm. Dixon, 2638 State steet, who conducts neat shoe shining parlors, for both ladies and gentlemen, sells many copies of The Broad Ax each week and all the other leading race papers are on sale in his place of business. Major Tolman is kept busy receiving the congratulations of his numerous friends over his appointment as Corporation Counsel of Chicago, and they all join in saying that Mayor Harrison made no mistake in selecting him for that important position. William H. Musham will continue to serve the city as fire marshall, major Edgar B. Tolman, succeeds Judge Charles M. Walker as corporation counsel and Rep. Edward M. Cummings of the Old Town of Lake becomes the new city oil inspector. Rev. Abraham Lincoln Murray failed to show up at the mass meeting held at Institutional Church Sunday, and some of his admirers thought that "possibly he was too busy in rounding up the good looking sisters to attend the meeting." The citizens of Barrington, R. I., have erected a monument to Negro slaves and their descendants in recognition of valuable domestic and patriotic services before and during the revolutionary war. It is the first monument of its kind to be erected in the United States. It is said that Miss Ajbie Mitchell, a talented young singer of New York, recently sang at one of the Vanderbilt musicals, and scored an artistic triumph. She will appear in opera next season, taking the leading feminine role in a company made up of wholly colored artists. Rev. Jasper F. Thomas, 4857 Armour Ave., and his neighbor Mr. Brown have been fighting and quarreling with each other for the past month and a few days ago they told their troubles to a Justice of the Peace, 39th and State Sts. who ordered Rev. Jasper to pay a fine for disorderly conduct and placed Mr. Brown under peace bonds. George Mills Rogers, Joseph A. O'Donnell and Thomas M. Hoyne, who were elected as Judges of this county under the legislative act of 1901, were knocked out by the Supreme court last Monday, for the Court declared that "the entire act was illegal and void, that no Judges could serve under it." This is mighty strange, for that piece of legislation was enacted by brainy white men and not by ignorant Negroes. Mrs. George L. Fraxton, who is one of the wellknown soprano singers of this city in meeting with great success on her tour through the east. At present Mrs. Fraxton is filling a two weeks engagement in Pittsburg, Pa. and the musical people of that city have been carried away by her sweet singing, and they are all sounding her praises. Mrs. Fraxton's friends are proud of her and they are glad that she is winning fame in the world of song. THE BROAD AX. PUBLISHED WEEKLY. Will prosecutigate and at all times uphold the true prininciples of Democracy, but Catholism, Protestantism, Priests, Infidels, Farmers, Single Taxes, Republica- cans, Knights of Labor, or any one else can have their say, so long as their language is proper and responsibility is fixed. The Broad Ax is a newspaper whose platform is broad enough for all, ever claiming the editorial sight to speak its own mind. Local communications will receive attention. Write only on one side of the paper. Subscriptions must be paid in advance. One Year. $2.00 Six Months. 1.00 JULIUS F. TAYLOR, Editor and Publisher. Entered at the Post Office at Chicago, Ill., as Second-class Matter. OF INTEREST TO WOMEN. The condition of the Japanese woman, says Mr. Masujima before the New York bar, is fully as favorable to her development as that of the woman of America. Miss Natica Reeves, a wealthy young sojourner in Newport, appeared on the street there a few days ago with ribbon-bound hair hanging down her back Some other young women of the swell set followed suit and the style bids fair to become general for the hot weather. Mme: Mathilda Georgina Roberty, of Rouen, has started a campaign against the destruction of bird life for millinery purposes. She has inaugurated a Ladies' Bird Protective association, the members of which are to defy the Parisian fashions and she appeals to Americans interested in the same movement to send her statistics dealing with this "mouvement humain." Mrs. Stuyvesant Fish has such an assured place in society that she does not hesitate to tell of her husband's early struggles with the world. In fact, she is rather fond of doing so. While in Nice last spring she related at a dinner party how Mr. Fish worked his way up to the presidency of the Illinois Central railroad. A German princeling who was among the guests remarked, with just a trace of a sneer: "I had always heard that your husband came from a fine family." Mrs. Fish met this thrust with perfect good nature. "Oh, yes, he does. But you see in America it is not a disgrace to work. How much better it would be if these conditions prevailed in Europe. We in America would be spared so many titled non-entities." DEBITS AND CREDITS: A deed absolute in form is held, in First national bank vs. Sargent (Neb.), 59 L. R. A. 296, to be properly treated as a mortgage when it is given to secure payment of a debt, although the parties may have agreed that upon default of payment the deed shall become absolute. The entry of a judgment setting aside in favor of creditors a voluntary deed is held, in Steinmeyer vs. Steinmeyer (S. C.), 59 L. R. A., 319, to change the ownership of the grantee from sole and unconditional within the meaning of a policy of insurance in his favor, which is to be void in case he has not such ownership. Directors of an insolvent manufacturing corporation are held, in Nappanee Canning company vs. Reid, M. & Co. (Ind.), 59 L. R. A. 199, to be entitled to apply its assets to their own unsecured claims against it, and to its obligations upon which they are individually liable, although the result is to deprive persons who have contracted with it of any remedy for breach of its contracts. Land held by a debtor and his wife by entireties, is held, in Laird vs. Perry (Va.), 59 L. R. A., 340, to pass, except her right of survivorship, by his assignment of all his estate, real and personal, for the benefit of creditors, under statutes making everything pass which might be taken in execution against him, but providing that neither the wife's separate property nor its products shall be liable for his debts. SQUIBS FROM ABROAD Antiseptic toothpicks, warranted free of germs, are being supplied by the large hotels and restaurants in London. Great Yarmouth, England, has the narrowest street in the world. It is Kitty Witches, which is only 55 inches wide. You can lean out of your window and shake hands with your neighbor across the street. Through the carelessness of a workman the valuable collection of busts and skulls—once the property of Gall, the founder of phrenology—in the museum of Baden, near Vienna, has been seriously damaged. The whole northern part of Asia Minor, according to the treaty between Russia and Turkey, is now pised under such conditions that Russian capitalists have the area open to them to the exclusion of foreign enterprises. A situation analogous is found in Persia, where the entire northern portion is acknowledged to be under the exclusive economic influence of Russia. The floating gardens in the lakes near the City of Mexico were recently visited by an English naturalist, who reports them a paradise and accounts for their existence. Floating tangles of peat moss, rushes and grass are caught by stakes driven into the soft lake bottom, and upon this mass rich mud from the bottom is thrown. The surface is then transformed into a market garden. PURELY PERSONAL. William Winter, dean of New York dramatic critics, said recently of Jefferson's Rip: "The secret of its supremacy is not obscure. It has bewitched the world for the simple reason that it has successfully applied the method of poetic treatment to common things. That is easily done—when you happen to be able to do it—but you will not accomplish it unless you were born with the faculty of the poet." W. S. Gilbert, formerly of Gilbert and Sullivan comic opera fame, wrote as follows to a London newspaper recently: "There is a line in your issue of May 15 that must have sent a thrill of joy through many a worthy home. I refer to the line in an article headed 'A Naval Battle,' in which I am referred to as the 'late W. S. Gilbert.' I am always sorry to spoil sport, but common candor compels me to admit (reluctantly) that I am still alive." Louis Hasselriis, the Danish sculptor, will make the statue which is to commemorate the three hundredth anniversary of the first printed edition of "Hamlet." Danish scholars and literati took the lead in the movement for a monument to Shakespeare, which will be erected in or near Elsinore. Queen Alexandra of England, a Dane by birth, has taken a deep interest in the project, and other royalties, including her parents, are also giving aid. James McNeill Whistler's portrait of Carlyle is owned by the corporation of Glasgow. Shortly after it was finished a committee from the corporation visited Mr. Whistler, intending to purchase the wonderful painting. They wanted to know about the price, which the artist had announced as 1,000 gulheas. "Didn't you know the price before you came here?" asked Whistler, blandly. "Oh, yes, we knew, but—" "Then let's talk about something else," interrupted Whistler. The canny Scots bought the picture and—trust them—got a bargain. When President Roosevelt was in Sharon Springs, Mo., a countryman stepped up and said to a member of the president's party: "Whar's the president?" Mr. Roosevelt, scenting something good, said: "Do you wish to see him particularly?" "I never seen but one president in my life, an', of course, I would like to see him on gin'ral principles," replied the countryman. "But what I want to see this one fur mos' particular is to see if he's got them squirrel teeth the papers say he has." And then and there the president displayed his "squirrel" teeth in the broadest of grins. "Gosh, ter blazes, you're the feller," said the man, as he hurried away. SMILES FOR THE SEASON. "Markley tells me he follows the races." "That's the gospel truth. He never gets ahead of them."—Philadelphia Ledger. They Didn't Stay Long.—"How long have you kept summer boarders?" "I believe the average is two and a half days."—Town Topics. Question of Orthography.—Jack—"Say, let's get married." Maude—"I will not." Jack—"How do you spell that not—with or without a k?'""—Chicago Daily News. Summer Boarder—"I thought your advertisement said something about boating?" Farmer—"Oh, yes. We have a boat and oars—only sometimes the creek dries up."—Town and Country. Pride.—"How was Ethelinda's graduation essay?" "Beautiful," answered the proud mother. "We spared no expense in ribbons to bind it, and I have no hesitation in saying it was the most becoming essay in the class."—Washington Star. The Briber.—"Say, mister," began the urchin with the soiled cheeks, "are yer de man dat's going to put up de baseball fence?" "Yes, sonny," responded the big builder. "What can I do for you?" "W—will yer accept a bribe?" "A bribe?" "Yes, der Goose Hill gang will club in an' give yer one bone to pick out-planks wid knotholes in dem."—Chicago Daily News. A BUDGET OF FACTS A German scientist who has spent eight years in Patagonia says that Patagonians will soon be extinct. In a layer of sea water a mile square and 600 feet deep there are 16 tons of chalk. The only piece of radium in existence is a thin sheet about an inch square. It was extracted from several tons of barium salts, at a cost of £400. The anti-diphtheria serum discovered by Prof. Roux, of the Pasteur institute, is now being made in the form of lozenges for use during convalescence. The professor had observed that bacilli found in the mouths of patients several weeks after recovery were liable to convey the disease to others. The lozenges overcome this, and also render preventive inoculation unnecessary. THINGS NICE GIRLS NEVER DO. Do not turn their heads to look after impertinent men. Do not write silly letters to young men or permit them to write such letters. Do not get into the habit of speaking familiarly to all the men they know. Do not direct their conversation to one person when several visitors are present. Do not imagine that every man who is pleasant to them has fallen in love with them. The nice girl does not talk and laugh loudly when traveling or in any public place where she may attract attention Chicago Tribune The members of the Minnesota legislature of to-day are not content with their lot unless they can journey to St. Paul, the capital, in the most palatial of railway carriages, says a Minneapolis exchange. Fifty years ago last January, when the legislature assembled, some of the members from the extreme northern counties were sadly disappointed. They had hoped to walk into the new capitol, select their seats and enjoy the pleasures incident to the first occupancy of that structure. Their homes were so far removed from the capital and the means of communication during the winter months so poor as to practically isolate them, hence they had not been able to keep in touch with the situation and did not know that the capitol was still unfinished. Three of them—Rolette, Kittson and Gingros, of the county of Pembina—had come the entire distance on snowshoes and several had taken desperate chances of death by blizzards or hungry timber wolves. Several members of that legislature were afterward distinguished for their ability as debaters and shrewd politicians and most of them had a hand in forming the great commonwealth now called the "bread and butter state." ENGLISH DISDAIN PEANUTS. In Their Eyes the Toothsome Goober Is Fit Only to Be Fed to Swine. Over in England they call the peanut "ground-nut" and "ground-bean," says the New York Press. In British eyes it is fit only for pigs. It is met with occasionally in fruiterers' shops, but never in push carts, as in this country. A British encyclopaedia says: "In the southern states of North America the seeds, or nuts, as they are called, are roasted and used as chocolate. They are a favorite article of food with the negroes." Georgians are called "goober grabbers" throughout the south. Many a farmer has grown rich on the humble peanut, the annual product being worth $10,000,000. Some persons try to belittle the goober. A lawyer, examining a witness in an important case, one whose testimony was conclusive, undertook to ridicule him. "You are a business man, I believe?" "Yes." "What is your business?" "I deal in peanuts." The lawyer smiled knowingly at the jury. "A peanut vender, eh? How many pints did you sell last month?" "I hardly know. A million, possibly." "What! A million?" "I handle about half a million bushels a year. I am a wholesale dealer." The lawyer sat down with the laugh turned on him. FEW ALIENS IN SCOTLAND. Most of the Inhabitants of the Land of Heather and Doons Are Natives. Scotland, according to the latest returns, is not a dumping ground for aliens, says the London Chronicle. Only 1.033 per cent. out of a population of 4,472,1663 are aliens. The number of English-born persons north of the Tweed, if transferred to London, would be hardly noticed. They number only 131,350, or 2.937 per cent. Irish people, on the other hand, aggregate 205,064, or 4.585 per cent., and patriotic Scots, backed up by police statistics, charge this remnant and their connections with committing 50 per cent. of the crimes annually recorded on the far side of the Cheviots. Welshmen seem to shun Scotland, as only 2,673 were found there when the census enumerators came round. Marriage is popular to the extent of 46,777 per cent. of males over 15 years of age, and fair womankind is appreciated to the extent of 44,277 per cent.of like ages. While the widowers number 72,741, the widows total no fewer than 175,405, which bears out the truth there lies in the now neglected ballad of "Three Women for Every Man." MAKING ENGLISH WORSE. Foreigners Have Enough Trouble Over It Without These Mistakes Being Made. Foreigners are always complaining, and not without reason, at the difficulties of the English language. This is quite natural, considering how very different our pronunciation is from our spelling, but what must to them appear to be gratuitously adding insult to injury is the entirely opposite meanings some common words possess in different localities, says London Gentlewoman. In the eastern counties particuluarly, many words are misleading. For instance, "there were several there" means not just a few, but a great number; a "shy girl" is a bold one; and some of the verbs do double duty with absolutely opposite meanings, notably that of "to learn." I will quote an instance gleaned from this morning's local daily paper: 'Situation required as underhousemaid, or where lady is willing to learn. Good references.—Apply," etc. The advertiser was quite innocent of any impertinence. She meant "where lady is willing to teach!" Perhaps the most curious means of communication in the world is the drum language of a Congo tribe. These queer people can talk to each other with large drums made of bamboo hoops, over which the skin of some animal is stretched. The drum, however, is used only on important occasions. AN OCEAN PATROL Project of an English Ship Builder to Provide a Unique Sea Service. One English ship builder is furthering a project which, if carried through, will be the means of much saving of life and property in mid-ocean. He calls it the International Blue Cross Ocean Life and Salvage service. It is meant to take the place of the Red Cross in the army, says the New York Herald. It will consist of a fleet of ten lifeboats and one storeboat to patrol the north Atlantic along the line of travel of the great ocean steamers. The aim is that of saving vessels and crews in distress. They will have a regular schedule of time, which will be sent to all captains of vessels, so that in case of wreck or fire or disablement the officers will know at what exact date and point a Blue Cross boat may be expected, and much may be done to save both life and money. The salvage is to go to the respective governments which fitted the fleet out in proportion to their shipping tonnage. He expects the various nations who have much traffic on the high seas to appropriate sums necessary to the complete outfitting of the boats and crews. The project seems to have met with approval in high places, and ere long we may expect the Blue, as well as the Red, Cross to the rescue of human lives in danger. WHERE FLAG FIRST WAVED. Memorial to Be Erected on Famous Revolutionary Hill in Somerville, Mass. Work will soon begin on the erection of a memorial observatory on the top of historic Prospect hill, Somerville, a sum of money having already been set aside by Mayor Glines for the carrying out of such a purpose, says the Boston Post of recent date. Prospect hill is noted for the prominent part it took in the revolutionary war and it was from the top of this hill that the first American flag was thrown to the breeze. The observatory is to take the form of a tower and will closely resemble an old English castle. Situated upon the now unoccupied mound, which has been allowed to remain on the Munroe street side of the parkway, it will greatly add to the artistic beauty of the spot. The tower will be 45 feet high. The top will be flat and protected to a height of four feet by a parapet, with iron gratings in the embrasures, and will afford a view that cannot be equaled in Boston. The walls of the tower will be of rough granite and will be 30 feet in diameter. Two rooms will be set apart for the exhibition of historic relics and souvenirs. The structure from the second floor will be hexagonal in shape, resting on six columns. The cost of the tower is estimated to be about $6,000. CAUSE OF FLAT WHEELS Brakemen Put on the Brakes Too Suddenly and Start the Trouble "Flat wheels," growled the old railroad brakemen, as the trolley car in which he sat went thumping along at 12 miles an hour, shaking the passengers uncomfortably at every revolution of the wheels, relates the New York Times. "What makes flat wheels?" asked the man sitting next the old brakeman. "Darn fools," said the brakeman. "It's this way: If a man doesn't know how to stop his car he makes a flat wheel. On the steam roads some brakemen flatten a wheel every time they put on the brakes. When the wheel suddenly stops revolving and the momentum of the train carries it on, the wheel slides along the track and a flat is started. Next stop, perhaps, makes it worse, and so the thing goes until the wheel is no good. If a brakeman knows his business he need never make a flat wheel unless he has to stop suddenly to avoid an accident. If he keeps his wheels turning slowly they don't flatten. Now, these fellows on the trolleys take no care at all, and every other car in some places has a flat wheel." Floating Academy An indication of a new tendency in scientific study is furnished by the plan of the Geographical society of Baltimore to send this summer to the Bahama islands a ship carrying a staff of 50 persons, who will study the geology, geography, botany, zoology, climatology, physics and medical and hygienic conditions of those islands. The ship, specially chartered for the purpose, will be fitted and equipped as the home and laboratory of the party during the entire trip. At Stamford, England, recently a suit of clothes which belonged to Daniel Lambert, the Leicestershire giant, was offered by auction. Lambert was the most corpulent man of his generation and weighed upward of 700 pounds. Gen. Tom Thumb once walked through-the arm of his coat. The bidding reached $375, at which figure the lot was withdrawn. Ireland is determined to be in the front in dairying. It is devising new methods for interesting those engaged in it. One of the best agencies to be employed is that of surprise butter competitions. The object is to encourage the making of good butter and careful packing. "They say that the English language is the most difficult of any for a foreigner to acquire," said the lady who was pouring the tea, "especially on account of its many idiomatic perplexities. I have a neighbor, a dear little girl, who would say the same if she were able to express her opinions in words. "The other day I said to her: 'Is the water where you live hard or soft, Jennie?' Quick as a wink came the surprising answer: "'Oh, I guess it's awfully hard, for I spilt some on a lamp chimney last night and it broke all to pieces!"—N. X. Times. No Relief. If vegetarians held sway Meat wouldn't be so dear as now. But then some trust would corner hay And keep us guessing anyhow. -Washington Star. LETTERED BY CROSS. Lady Visitor (who has been shown down a rather intricate staircase by her host)—So very kind of you to show me the way out. The Host—Not at all. Pleasure, I assure you.—The King. Natural History. And burtlephish kisses he speaks. "There's none to see," he swears; but she Cries: "Oh, but the mountain peaks!" -Pelican. In Doubt. "He seems to be a very good husband," said the thoughtful young woman. "Yes," said Miss Cayenne; "but it's always difficult to determine whether a man is a good husband or whether his wife is too much of a lady to talk about him."—Washington Star. Between Friends. "He's so foolish," said the one in white. "Foolish!" returned the one in gray. "Yes. Why, he wants me to marry him." "Oh, then he is foolish."—Chicago Post. By Its Teeth "You don't seem to be afraid of our dog," said the farmer's wife. "No, ma'am," replied the tramp. "I'm attached to dogs, I am, an'—" "Well, you'd better skip pretty quick or this one will be attached to you."— Philadelphia Ledger. Self-Scarfing The Mistress—But what made you leave Mrs. Smythe so suddenly, Maria? The Maid—Oh! Me an' 'er 'usband couldn't agree, so I thought it best to send in my resignation at onct. It come to the pint where one of us 'ad to go.—Brooklyn Life. An Affinity. "You are sweet enough to eat!" vowed the fond vegetarian who was paying court to the handsome lady with the jewels and the gay dresses. "Oh, you cannibal!" she exclaimed. "Did you know I am a grass widow?"—N. Y. Times. A Great Truth. "That's a splendid perfume," she said, as she soured her handkerchief. "Yes," admitted her brother, "but in some lines it is better to do a retail than a wholesale business."—Chicago Post. Why They Liked Her. Ida—She is very popular with the young people. May—But I hear she sits with her back toward them. Ida—That is why they like her. She is the chaperon.—Chicago Daily News. Inspector Casey-I saw a woman pass a milliner shop to-day without stopping to look in the window. Chief Millikin-Poor thing; blindness is a terrible affliction, isn't it?—Cincinnati Enquirer. They Don't Speak Now. Clara—How well you looked at the fancy ball! Maud—Think so? Clara—Oh, yes. You had on such a becoming mask.—Town Topics. Almost Impossible. "Dear me! I don't know which of these hats to choose." "Ah, mademoiselle,zet ees verre difficult to decide when zey are all ze same price."—Chicago American. An Oversight. Madge—That artist didn't make a very lifelike picture of her. Marjorie—She should have supplied him with some of the same paint she uses herself.—N. Y. Herald. Woman's Way. Her Brother—I wouldn't have much to do with Dashdash if I were you—he is a mere excuse for a man. She—But a poor excuse is better than none.—Judge. They Do Them Brown. "What do men do when they get in the legislature, pop?" "Why, they do corporations, my son."—Yonkers Statesman "I must have been born under an unlucky star," said the angry wife, whose request for a new bonnet had just been vetoed. "I could have married either Jones or Brown before I met you, and to-day they are both millionaires, while you have nothing." "Yes, my dear,' replied the patient other half of the sketch, "but you should remember that Jones and Brown are still in the bachelor class, while I have had you to support all these years."—Chicago News. His Architectural Anology "You awkward boor!" exclaimed the angry woman in the seat, replacing her headgear. "I beg your pardon, ma'am," said the passenger in the overalls. "When the car turned the corner I grabbed the front cornice of your hat to save myself, without noticing what I was doing, but I certainly didn't intend to unroof you."—Chicago Tribune. Woman's Narrowness Mrs. Buttercup—I wish I had a million dollars. Mr. Buttercup—Thunderation, woman, haven't you any business acumen? What do you want to stop at a paltry million for when you can wish for a hundred million just as easily and with just as much prospect of getting it? No wonder we are poor. —Kansas City Journal. After the Discount. "Ef you please, suh," said the Georgia darky, "how much fer a marriage license en a divorce dockiment?" "A marriage license and divorce document?" "Yes, suh. I been studyin' 'bout gittin' marrled, en I 'lowed dat ef I got de two tergether dey'd come cheaper!"—Atlanta Constitution. Home. Sweet Home. Mrs. Chugwater—So that's the photograph you had taken the other day, is it? I'd like to know why you can't look as pleasant as that when you are in the house? Mr. Chugwater—Well, it may be that the photographer tried to bring out my pleasant expression, and you don't.—Tit-Bits. One of Many. Smith—Was Green's scheme a success? Smith—How's that? Jones—Well, as a success it was a failure, but as a failure it was a success—Cincinnati Enquirer. No Cause to Worry "I see," said the landlady. "that a Washington scientist has discovered that strawberries make people commit suicide." "Never mind," replied the star boarder, "your conscience will never have a chance to trouble you on that score."—Chicago Record-Herald. The Point of View. "Why did you have your automobile painted that hideous yellow color, Mr. Packerson?" "Hideous? That's the most beautiful color in the world. It's the tint that has made our firm's hams famous on two continents."—Chicago Record-Herald. Knew the Cook. Gunner—I hear that you recommended your cook to Wilderman. Did you do it as a favor? Guyer—No; as a grudge.—Chicago Daily News. Truly Feminine "But why do you cry?" they asked. "Because," replied the little one. "I've learned that that's the easiest way to get what I want."—Brooklyn Eagle. Asked and Answered. "Why do I live?" the poet wrote, And the editor made reply: "You sent your poem in by mail— That is the reason why." —Cincinnati Enquirer. A woman in a long dress reads a newspaper to a man sitting in a chair. Kind Father—My dear, if you want a good husband, marry Mr. Goodhart. He really and truly loves you. Daughter—Aro you sure of that, pa? Kind Father—Yes, indeed. I've been borrowing money of him for six months, and still he keeps coming.—Judy. Ring Out the Old. She wrung her hands, I hate to tell This joke on The village belle. —Pennsylvania Punch Bowl. Beasley—Yes; always ready to strike."—Yonkers Statesman. Naturally. The Student—That fellow has his work cut out for him. The College Man—What fellow? The Student—My tallor.—Harvard Lampoon. THE TALK OF WASHINGTON Methods of Securing Appointments Fifty Years Age and Now-- Public Men Who Are of More Than Passing Interest. Washington.—In looking through some old files at the post office department the other day Mr. Nicholson, the appointment clerk, came across a bunch of old letters which have proved to be a real mine of interest. Old-Time Cabinet 001 The files had been stored away in a coal bin and had not their value been discovered it would not have been long before they were burned. as nobody suspected that they were anything but departmental trash. Among them were autograph letters of recommendation from famous public men dating back 40 years—to the time when public men were in the habit of devoting a good share of their time to recommending constituents to office and when they would pen elaborate testimonials to the heads of departments. That sort of thing has gone out of date since the civil service commiss' ncame into existence and the clerical places in the departments were gathered into the classified service. There are letters from Roscoe Conkling, Horace Greeley, Charles Sumner and James A. Garfield. There is a letter recommending the appointment of the first woman who ever had a position in the department and one of the first who ever received an appointment in the government service. Most of them were addressed to Horatio King, who was postmaster general under Buchanan for a few weeks before Lincoln came in and to Montgomery Blair, who was Lincoln's postmaster general. The striking thing about all of the letters is the peremptory tone in which they are couched and the air of proprietorship with which men not connected with the department demanded the privilege of naming the members of the clerical force. Such letters would receive scant courtesy now from any cabinet officer; but, as a rule, in 1861 they seem to have prevailed. Justice Harlan, the justice of longest service on the supreme bench, has just passed his seventh birthday, which qualifies him for retirement on full pay if he cares to. GOLF The sturdy old justice, however, has no idea of retirement, and from all appearances he will still be dispensing robust law for 20 years for he has years, for he has This is a Disease. all the physical and mental vigor of a man of 50. Harlan was appointed to the bench by President Hayes, and it was said at the time that he secured his appointment by reason of his service as a visiting statesman in Louisiana during the days when the election of Hayes was trembling in the balance. Be that as it may, nobody has ever questioned the honesty and ability of his course as justice, and he has always been regarded as one of the strong men on the bench. He has always had an inclination towards politics of the stalwart kind, and his friends say the presidential bee has buzzed persistently in his bonnet. Yet, in all his three score years and ten, he has never held an elective office. That has been a source of great grief to him. If he were to retire from the bench the only temptation would come from a sure prospect of being elected to something, no matter how small. Harlan is a great pedestrian and a devoted player of golf. He walks every day five or six miles, and it is a rare day that falls to see him on the Chevy Chase links. It was Harlan who first characterized golf as a disease—not a game; and he is qualified to judge. Last summer he went up to Canada with a trunk full of cases which he had promised himself to study and complete before his return for the fall term. He began playing golf the first day and he came home without once opening the trunk. Wilbur F. Crafts, the "Christian Lobbyist," as he calls himself, is going to establish head quarters in Washington from which he will be able to control more effectively the numerous projects for reform which he makes it his business to advance. He has bought a lot of land just opposite the capitol where he is going to build an andi The Courtroom torium, an office building and a temperance hotel. The office building will be equipped with printing presses, clerks, editors and the entire outfit needed for the Craft propaganda; the auditorium will be given up to daily lectures for the regeneration of society, with talks by Mr. Crafts and other reformers against gambling, intemperance, the social evil and every other kind of uncleanness. The hotel will be the resort of reformers of all sorts, who will crowd into Washington when congress is in session to lay their various schemes before the lawmakers Crafts expects to have a very busy winter of it. He will have on hand the case of Apostle Smoot, whose presence in the senate is objectionable to a great many people, and he will have to conduct the agitation against establishing an opium monopoly in the Philippines, which is just beginning to attract attention. Then he will have on hand his usual batch of measures for regenerating congress and purifying every other department of the government. Crafts has developed his Christian lobby into a regular and flourishing business. He is responsible for nineteenth of the petitions which are sent into congress, encouraging the petition industry by sending out countless circulars and blanks to religious and temperance organizations all over the country. These printed petitions pour into congress by the million and they never receive the slightest attention; for their artificial character is understood. That Tom Reed had made money enough to retire on and live in comfort was known by his intimate friends some time before his death, but few of them had any idea of the extent of his earnings during the brief period of his law practice in New York. It remained for the inventory recently published to show that he was pos- was known by his intimate friends some time before his death, but few of them had any idea of the extent of his earnings during the brief period of his law practice in New York. It remained for the inventory recently published to show that he was possessed of nearly half a million dollars clear of all indebtedness when he died When Reed retired from congress he was a poor man. If he had died then his widow would have been left with the old-fashioned house in Portland and that is about all; for he lived fully up to his income ever since he had been in Washington. As speaker he had a salary of $8,000. As consulting counsel for the National Board of Fire Underwriters he had an annual income of about $1,500. For occasional magazine articles he received $500 apiece; and he may have averaged four of these a year. A liberal estimate of his income was $12,000, for he had practically no law practice while in congress. Every cent of this went to the cost of existence in Washington; although Reed never lived extravagantly and had simple tastes. He no sooner arrived in New-York than the rich men with whom he associated began to put him into things, and under their guidance he bought stocks surely and conservatively. It would not have surprised some of his friends if his estate had inventoried a million dollars; but the general understanding was that he left about $200,000. Reed was longing to get back to Washington. New York always seemed to him like a huge mining camp—a place to make money, and nothing else. Had he lived another week he would have had his family settled in Washington, and he was prepared to enjoy thoroughly an irresponsible leisure. But fate ordained that it should not be. Where Statesmen Eat. One of the most extraordinary institution in Washington is the quick lunch counter just opposite the treasury department on Fifteenth street. A The place has been in existence for a dozen years and it has all the characteristics of the earliest dairy lunches — an unlimited quantity of simplest kind of food—sandwiches, milk and pie and an equally unlimited amount of The Statesman's Exchange. an equally unlimited amount of dirt. It is commonly known among its habitues as "the Hog Trough" and the "Quick and Dirty." It is a mint for its proprietors. Every customer picks out his own sandwich or pie, and pays for it as he sees fit. There is absolutely no check to prevent his walking out without paying if he sees fit. The personnel of the establishment consists of three or four men behind the counter who draw coffee and milk, two proprietors who take in change, and a nondescript who walks around with a rag picking up soiled mugs and wiping off the chair seats. Yet a greater number of distinguished public men probably patronize this place than any other eating establishment in America. At almost any time in the middle of the day one is sure to find some high government official, a senator, a congressman and occasionally a member of the cabinet. It is in the nature of a news exchange where al sorts of public questions are talked over, and where any number of political schemes are suggested. It would be hard for a millionaire to spend more than 15 cents in the establishment, and nobody ever thought of such a thing as trying to beat it out of a lunch. It is frequented not only by officials near at hand, but by those who, like Public Printer Palmer, have to drive a mile and a half in their carriages to foregather there every noon. It is a striking example of what can BARBARA FRIETCHIE AND HER FAMOUS FLAG. ```markdown ``` THE FLAG THAT BARBARA FRIETCHIE WAVED CAREFULLY guarded and sacredly treasured with other relics which belonged to her great-aunt, Mrs. Barbara Frietchie, Mrs. John Abbott, of Frederick, Md., has the flag which Whittier's heroine waved from the window, of her home on "that cool September morn" in 1862. Visitors to Frederick find the pleasant and comfortable home of Mrs. Abbott an interesting place to visit, and the excellent lady takes a peculiar pride in showing the old flag, which is encased in a large frame, but her really prized collection consists of a large cabinet of chinaware, silver tea pot and other articles for the table, together with a long pair of gloves of undressed skin which Barbara Frietchie wore while working in her yard with her flowers. These gloves were made by Mrs. Frietchie's husband, who was a skilled workman of this kind. "I had a much larger collection," said Mrs. Abbott, to a Detroit Free Press correspondent, "but there were so many friends of Aunt Frietchie's THE FLAG THAT BARR who wished some souvenir or keepsake that I gave away a large number of them. It is so hard to refuse your friends, you know. A great many people call here to see these relics of Aunt Frietchie and a few years ago I concluded it would be best to get them all together and put them here in the parlor so that I would have less trouble in showing them. So much has been written and printed about the flag incident that, not wishing to become involved in any controversy, I have declined to talk about it, leaving newspaper people and all visitors to get information as best they can." "Will you answer just one question, Mrs. Abbott? Did Gen. Reno salute a flag which was waved by Mrs. Frietchie, and did that lady give him a flag which was placed on his grave when he was killed next day at the battle of South Mountain?" "That is true, and here is a photograph of the flag Aunt Frietchie gave Gen. Reno, which was sent me by the general's son. The flag was taken from the grave and pre- BRIGHT EASTERN GIRL. She Gave a Unique Turn to Rather Prosale Way of Earning an Honest Living. She had gone to Denver for her health. Yet her capital was small, and she must earn her living. How to do it, and at the same time grow strong, was a problem. She had been a stenographer, but to take up a position at clicking the keys in a Denver office was little better than in Philadelphia. At last she hit upon a happy idea, which took little of her time, and netted her a good return. She rented a room in one of the big office buildings, whose busy daytime tenants run up into the hundreds. It was on the top floor, and she paid $25 a month for it. Then she invested in half a dozen round, unvarnished tables with painted legs. Cheap little things they were. But she covered the tops with the soft matting that comes around tea chests, and which the grocer she patronized gave her. Next with excelsior, denim, two long wooden shoe boxes, which cost her 50 cents, and some gilt-headed tacks, she made two divan-looking affairs, which held innumerable things. Her next investment was in some gay little Japanese fans at a few cents each, some crepe paper, and more teachest matting. With these she covered the walls artificially and prettily, sticking the fans here and there to give a gay note. Japanese paper napkins, plates, cups and saucers, and a three-burner gas stove behind a serene, completed her outfit. Then the enterprising young woman announced her "tea room" was ready for business. From 11 o'clock to two she served tea, coffee and cocoa, and appetizing sandwiches. Her food was good, and things seemed appetizing. It wasn't long before she had more customers than she could well handle. Before the first month was over she had covered her expenses. It was a clever little tea room, just what it set out to be.—Philadelphia Telegraph. served and is now in the Reno family. "Now that is all I care to say about the incident, and, as I have stated, I do not wish to talk for publication. There has already been too much written about the flag incident, Aunt Frietchie was a dear, good soul, and I am always pleased to show these relics to visitors. I have here a 'Frietchie Memorial Register,' and I always request visitors to register." Barbara Frietchie was in her ninety-fifth year at the time of the "flag incident," September 12, 1862, and died on December 18, following. When the confederate troops began entering Frederick on the 6th, 8th and 10th of September, Mrs. Frietchie took the flag down from her dormer window and placed it between the pages of the old family Bible. She, with other citizens of Frederick, realized that it was dangerous to permit the flag to float while the town was filling up with confederates. On the morning of the 12th, when Gen. McClellan's army, with the advance BARA FRIETCHIE WAVED. under command of Gen. Burnside, marched up West Patrick street, Mrs. Frietchie was at one of the dormer windows and waved her hand as a token of joy. Her grandniece, Miss Julia Hanshaw—now Mrs. John Abbott—and a young Miss Yoner were standing by the old lady's side. The presence of the union forces and the inspiring music caused the patriotic old lady to request Miss Yoner to go into an adjoining room and get the flag from the Bible. This was done, and soon the Stars and Stripes were floating from the window. The enthusiasm and patriotism of Mrs. Frietchie caused the union soldiers to cheer lustily. The gallant Gen. Reno went into the house and congratulated her, at the same time asking her for the flag which she had waved. Mrs. Frietchie did not give the general the flag, but did get another and give him with a "God bless you and the Stars and Stripes." Gen. Reno waved the flag and proposed three cheers, which were given with a will. Gen. Reno was killed next day at the battle of South Mountain. WIVES AT ALL PRICES. Sultors in Savage and Semi-Barbarie Countries Are Compelled to Buy Their Brides. In Europe, says a foreign explorer, it is customary for parents to give dowries to their daughters when they marry, but in uncivilized countries quite a different custom prevails. In Uganda a man can buy a handsome wife for four bulls, a box of cartridges and six needles, and if he has the luck to go a-wooing when women happen to be a drug on the market, he can buy a suitable damsel for a pair of shoes. A Kaffir girl is worth, according to the rank of her family, from four to ten cows, and any young man who becomes enamoured of a native girl of New Mexico will have to give at least 12 horses for her. In Tartary no father will surrender his daughter unless he gets a goodly quantity of butter in return, and in certain parts of India no girl can marry until her father has been pacified by a present of rice and a few rupees. Twenty oxen is the regular price for a wife among the Mishmis, but a poor man has more than once succeeded in obtaining a bride on payment of one pig. At Timor no girl will think of marrying a man who is not provided with a certain number of elephant's tusks, and at Unyoro, any desirable but impecunious suitor may purchase his wife on credit, but will not be allowed to enjoy her company until he has paid the uttermost farthing. Among many tribes of Africa and Asia it is customary for a suitor to work as a hired man for his future father-in-law in the same manner as Jacob worked for Laban. A certain value is set on the girl whom he selects as his wife, and when his wages amount to that much he gets her, and not before. A man who falls in love with a native girl of the Manzoni territory fares better, for all he need pay for her is two deer skins.—N. Y. Herald. --- "A bucking broncho," said the retired cowboy, according to the Chicago Inter Ocean, "is generally considered the hardest proposition to ride in this land, but until a man has tackled a bucking steer he has not realized all the possibilities of the gentle art. "Out in the cow country they have just begun to learn the art, and it is really an art. None of the wild west shows has yet got hold of the few fellows who have mastered the straddle and seat, and until they do their congresses of rough riders will not be complete. "You can cinch a horse up until there is little possibility of the saddle's slipping, but it can't be done on a steer. "The steer-riding fad had its start down in Texas, where the animals are wild enough to suit even the most exacting cowpuncher, and it is now being introduced farther north. A puncher's playtime is often long enough to give him a chance for such experiments, and some of the more skillful have got it down to a fine point. "But the hombre who thinks it is an easy task to stick to a wild boy who knows enough to do the grand buck and pitch is down for an experience he will carry in his book of remembrance for a long time." STOLE THE WRONG BAG. Sad Ending to the Romance of a Young Eskimo Who Loved His Euemy's Daughter. The duke of the Abruzzi has brought back with him from his polar expedition a number of Eskimo stories, reports the New York Tribune. One of these concerns a young Eskimo who loved the daughter of an enemy. The two huts of these persons were close together, but one night the terrific cold ripped a great crevasse in the ice, and the young man's house was left isolated. A gorge 100 feet deep and 20 feet wide separated it from the igloo, or hut, containing the girl, but there was a narrow bridge of ice left across the crevasse, and this, the young man found, would bear his weight. Eskimos sleep in bags. The lover decided that he would that night cross the ice bridge, steal the maiden he loved bear her to his hut, and then break down the bridge, so that he and she together might enjoy their honeymoon unmolested. He planned very successfully. He erect, in the dead of night, into his enemy's hut; he snatched up the maiden in her sack without awaking anyone; he bore her over the ice bridge safely, and then he opened the sack to embrace his bride. But, beholding its contents, he gave a loud cry. It was not the maiden, but her father that he had stolen. PLANT WITH DEADLY ODOR. Sumatra and Java Have Vegetable Products That Disseminate Death. There are criminals among plants as well as among animals and human beings. Those that have the most sinister reputation are known as death plants, which are found only in the volcanic districts of Java and Sumatra, says Nature. The plant's appearance quite belies its name, for it is really very attractive, being a low growing shrub with long thorny stems covered with beautiful broad leaves. The upper surface of these leaves is a vivid emerald, while the lower surface is a brilliant scarlet. The flowers are great white bell-shaped blossoms, which exhale a sweet and deadly perfume. The death plant grows in the most fertile spots, but all about it the ground becomes barren of vegetation and neither bird nor beast may come within a wide radius of it. They know better, but rash man, with no warning instinct to guide him, will occasionally linger too long in its vicinity, enchanted by its delicious and heavy fragrance, until he experiences the distressing effects of his imprudence—a blinding headache, which, if he still remains, will be followed by temporary deafness, convulsions of muscles of the face and insensibility. Right of the Reel. A negro preacher down south has discovered the real cause of the recent volcanic disasters. He says: "De earf, my friends, resolves on axels, as we all know. Somefin' is needed to keep the axels greased; so when de earf was made, petrolyum was put inside for dat purpose. De Standard Oil comp'ny comes along an' strax dat petrolyum by borin' holes in de earf. De earf stix on its axels an' won't go round no more; den dere is a hot box, just as ef de earf wuz a big railway train—and den, my frien', dere is trouble. International Hen Meet. An egg-laying contest will be the next international event. Twenty-one of the best hens in this country lately sailed from San Francisco, to compete for a year with an equal number of Australian hens. The Australian government paid the traveling expenses of the American poultry, and at the end of the year will buy six of the hens at $25 apiece. The others will be disposed of by public auction. Wonderful Burden Bearer. The cargador, or carrier, of Mexico is a remarkable individual. Nothing seems too bulky, nothing too heavy for him to carry, and it is wonderful how he manages not only to lift, but to balance his cumbersome loads. NEW ENGLAND THRIFT. Careful Management Is a Part of the Temperament of the Massachusetts People. The proportion of men and women who retire on small competencies is doubtless greater in Ma. sachusetts than in any other state in the union, unless it be Pennsylvania, which is the other state of Dr. Benjamin Franklin's residence. But a man who has even the most robust respect for the thrift of the people of Massachusetts must be surprised to learn from the report of the state's bureau of labor statistics that there are more than 45,000 such persons—28,000 men and 17,000 women. Two-thirds of them are native-born, too. The making of such an investigation was characteristic of Massachusetts, says World's Work. But it tells volumes about the careful management that is a part of the New England temperament. The New Englander studicusly saves and he invests prudently, and when old age comes, or he has a wish to rest, he is willing to stop work and to adjust his life to his income; and he generally leaves a legacy also to his children. Anyone who has lived in different parts of the United States has had many occasions to observe what this official report confirms that the native New Englander has learned the art of living considerably below his income better than any other man among us. WANTED HIS CLIENT HELD. Lawyer Who Defended a Hard Case Was Afraid He Might Meet Him on the Road. Almost any lawyer will undertake the defense of a prisoner accused of crime and will use his best endeavors to secure his acquittal. Assistant District Attorney Osborn, of New York, tells of a North Carolina attorney who was practicing in a backwoods mountain district. While he was waiting for his case to be reached the trial of a notorious highway robber who had been caught redhanded was called. The prisoner had no counsel and the presiding judge requested the distinguished lawyer to defend him. The trial lasted two days and to the court's astonishment the jury returned a verdict of acquittal. As the prisoner was about to be discharged the lawyer stepped up to the judge and requested a few words in private. "What is it?" asked the court. "I would ask your honor," replied the lawyer, "to have the prisoner detained in jail to-night. I have to cross a lonely field on my way home, and the rascal happens to know that I have money about me." SHE CHEERS THEM UP. The "Cheering-Up Lady" Is a Functionary Who Tries to Make Folks Happy. On the order books of the Woman's exchange in this city, it appears, is a worker known as "the cheering-up lady." She is kept busy all the time. It is her function to visit lonely homes, to play cards with venerable widows or spinsters, to read, talk and "look pleasant." Here should be a laborer never failing to be worth more than her hire. Professional mourners we no longer know nor wish to know; of professional cheerers-up it should not be possible to know too many. We bespeak serious rivalry for this old lady who looks pleasant. Here is the happiest combination of business and philanthropy. She exhibits an idea worthy of infinite extension through an infinite variety of clients. There is no culture more important or pressing, says the New York World, than that of the smile which means good cheer. THE APACHES OF PARIS. American visitors to Paris are terrorized by the misdeeds of the numerous gangs of rowdies, called Apaches, infesting the boulevards, says a recent report. The official police reports as follows on their latest outrage: Six young Apaches, finding themselves without money to stake at cards, decided that the loser should stake his life and—some one else's. A 16-year-old rowdy lost the game, and walking out from the cafe, about 11 o'clock on Sunday night, jumped at the throat of the first person coming his way, driving his long knife in between his shoulders and killing him instantly. As it happened a number of policemen were in the neighborhood and the whole gang were arrested. The state will move that all six be guillotined as a warning. The victim was a bookkeeper, 24 years old, married and the father of two children. The carnation industry has risen to considerable importance during the last ten years. As 2,500,000 of young carnation plants are sold each year and florists produce an equal number which are not sold, the entire production of young carnation plants approximates 5,000,000 per annum. These plants are grown under glass during the winter time for cut flower purposes, producing an annual average of more than 100,000 blooms. The Turkish ruler is under such constant dread of an attempt on his life that he never sleeps for two nights in succession in the same chamber, and the particular room in which he rests is known to but few. Miss Mable Wheeler, who has been teaching school in St. Louis, Mo., for some time, and her father, Lloyd G. Wheeler, will sail from New York City June 23rd for England and the old world. They will be accompanied by Miss Beulah Roots of St. Louis. The Phyllis Wheatley Woman's Club met at the home of its president, Mrs. L. A. Davis, 5012 5th avenue, Wednesday afternoon, and Mrs. Doctor Mary S. Waring addressed it on art and the famous artist, Millett. At the conclusion of her remarks a general discussion followed. The meeting was largely attended. James Hill, who was one of the leading and wealthiest Negro in Mississippi died at Jackson the latter part of last week and as he had been a member of the State legislature some of his friends requested that "his remains be permitted to rest in the rotunda of the State Capitol, but Joseph W. Power, secretary of State, refused to grant the request. Mr. Hill had one of the largest funerals ever held in the state of Mississippi. In Crown Point, Ind., there is a church in which there is but one male member,, besides the preacher. This is the softest snap in that line in the world; only one deacon with whom to divide their tears, and old cripple ( ) leaving him in a perpetual shower bath of briny jewels. Oh! Lord, if it were not for the disgrace of living by the charity of these poor misguided females, we would drop science and organize a Crown Point church today.—Higher Science. The many friends of Melville G. Holding, regret that simply for political reasons Mayor Carter H. Harrison removed him as City oil inspector for Mr. Holding conducted the affairs of the office in first class shape, and after paying all expenses of the office for the past year he turned over twenty thousand dollars to the city, which was the first time in its history that the city ever realized anything from it. Therefore Mr. Holding can feel proud of his record as City oil inspector, even if he was kicked out of office in order to strenghten Mayor Harrison's personal political machine. The mass meeting held at Institutional Church last Sunday afternoon to protest against the mobbing and lynching of W. D. Wyatt, at Belleville was well attended and after a whole lot of useless oratory, two committees were appointed; one to urge the Governor, the Attorney-General and the officials of St. Clair county to use all lawful means to ferret out and bring to the bars of justice the ring leaders of the mob which murdered Wyatt, and brought disgrace upon the fair name of this state; the other committee will endeavor to raise some funds to assist Mrs. Wyatt and her children for all of her belongings were lost in the flood shortly after the death of her husband, and at the present time she is in a destitute condition. It seems that Prof. Brooker T. Washington failed to send any of the longgreen to that notorious deadbeat Ed. Cooper of Washington, D. C., lately and the result has been that lying Cooper who defrauded us out of ten dollars in connection with the Boston Chemical Company of Richmond, Va., was unable to raise enough money to get his blackmailing sheet out or printed for the past two weeks. When Revs. Arichald James Carey, Abraham Lincoln Murray and old dady Jasper F. Thomas, conspired with old Ham Carter, Mrs. R. Springstine, and company last summer to do us an injury, Cooper, who was never known to pay his honest debts was delighted, but it appears that some of his chickens have come home to roost. It's the O JUST LOOK WHAT YOU AFRO-AMERICA 8104 State Street WISDOM CONES BY READING Here all the best and leading weekly journals and magazines week including all other standard mon A Full Line of Stationery Papers sent by mail to any part of the country. Give you want. Leave your order and we will get AFRO-AMERICAN 8104 State E. H. FAULKN A Full Line of Stationery, Cigars and Tobacco Papers sent by mail to any part of the country. Give us a call and see for yourself if we haven't what you want. Leave your order and we will get it for you. Remember the name and place 8104 State Street E. H. FAULKNER, Manager IT IS KNOWN AS SOLANINE. That Is the Name of a Deadly Poison That Is Sometimes Found in Potatoes. Chemical examination has revealed the fact that a poisonous alkaloid known as solanine is contained in potatoes. Little of this poison is found in new potatoes, but even fresh potatoes which have grown about the surface of the soil and have a green skin are generally known to be poisonous, says a scientific authority. When potatoes are kept a long time they contain a large amount of this poison, and many cases of serious poisoning have occurred in late summer from eating old potatoes. About ten years ago many soldiers in the German army were ill from an unknown cause. They suffered with headache, colic, diarrhea, vomiting weakness and slight stupor, and in some cases dilation of the pupils. The matter was investigated and it was discovered that the men has been eating potatoes which had been kept for a long time in a damp place until they had begun to sprout. These potatoes, a chemical analysi showed, contained as much solanin as is found in new potatoes. HAD A CHINESE NAME. Archibald Was Called Archie and the Mongolian Thought It Was "Ah Chee." In the household of a prominent Bostonian is a Chinese servant who was brought east by the family several years ago from California, where he had ingratiated himself during a winter sojourn at Pasadena. Recently a young man named Archibald has been visiting the family, and the Chinaman seemed to take a strange fancy to him. He is called Archie for short, and every time the name of Archie was mentioned the Mongolian would grin and beam at the guest with a pride that seemed little less than paternal. That it was at least fraternal was disclosed one day, when he said: "Why for you have name allee samee like Chinaman?" Archibald was rather taken back. "What do you mean?" he asked. "Why, you name," replied the Chinaman, according to the Philadelphia Record. "When they talkee to you they callee you Ah Chee!" LEARN THE HAIR TRADE. Ten or fifteen bright Colored girls are wanted to learn the hair trade, will receive good pay from the beginning. S. E. Koch, hair company, 138 State street, fourth floor. AGENTS FOR THE BROAD AX. From on and after this date The Broad Ax can be found on sale at the following places: The Afro-American News Office, 2104 State Street. A. G. Marshall, news stand and book store, 3604 State street. A. F. Tervalon's Cigar Store and News Stand, 2826 State street. Edward Felix's Cigar Store, 368 30th street, N. E. Corner Armour Ave. T. B. Hall's Cigar Store and Laundry office, 281 29th St. J. E. Webb's Cigar Store, 280, 29th Street. Turner William's Cigar and News Stand, 2903 Armour Ave. J. F. Bradbury's News Depot, 2970 State Street. M. H. Watts, dealer in cigars and tobacco, 3742 State street. J. C. Campbell, 145 W. 47th street., Cigars, Tobacco, Staple Groceries. Wm. H. Monroe, cigar and news stand, 486 State street. L. Levy, 506, 37th Street, dealer in Cigars and Tobacco. The Chicago Shoe Shining Parlor, 3123 Cottage Grove Ave. Geo. Blaine, cigars, tobacco and news stand, 3420 Dearborn street. Whiteley Bros., 2724 State street, cigars, and news stand. Mrs. Florence Granger, 2940 Dearborn Street. Cigars, Laundry Office and News Stand. J. New 131 W. 51st street, cigars, tobacco and confectionaries. J. W. Hutchinson, 371 Dearborn street cigars and news stand. C. E. Hunter, 4503 Wentworth ave., cigars, tobacco, news stand. T. J. Hill, cigars and stationery store., 5220 Lake Ave. Wm. Dixon 2638 State Street cigars, tobacco, and news stand. News items and advertisements left at these places will find their way into the columns of The Broad Ax. SUITE 318-320 REAPER BLOCK Clark and Washington Sts. Telephone, Main 940. CHICAGO. A. D. GASH Attorney at Law, 84-86 La Salle Street, Chicago. Suite 615 to 619. Telephone Main 3077. JOHN F. OWENS Attorney at Law, LUTTE 627 ARLAND BLOCK 89 S. Clark St 898, OK CAGO FREDERICK W. JOB AT:URNET AT LUA 832 MARQUETTE BUILDING Telephone 2810 Central CHICAGO FEDERICO M. BARRIOS Attorney & Counsellor at Law Suite 501 Firmench Bldg. N. E. Cor. Fifth Avenue and Washington Street Chicago. LAWRENCE A. NEWBY ATTORNEY AT LAW Room 42, 119 La Salle Street CHICAGO William Howard Fitzgerald LAWYER Room 402 Reaper Block. CHICAGO STEPHEN A. DOUGLAS LAWYER Suite 200, 123-125 Lii Salle Street CHICAGO JOSEPH A. McINERNEY LAWYER SUITE 706-708 CHICAGO OPERA HOUSE CHICAGO WILLIAM RITCHIE ATTORNEY AND COUNSELOR. Suite 519-500 Oxford Building 84 LA BALLE ST., CHICAGO Telephone Mail 1646. Robert M. Mitchell Suite 9. No. 77 South Clark St. CHICAGO JOHN FITZGERALD JUSTICE OF THE PEACE 4787 S. HALSTED STREET, ....CHICAGO J. GRAY LUCAS ATTORNEY-AT-LAW Suite 412 Real Estate Board Bldg 59 Dearborn St. Cor. Randolph CHICAGO. J. E. JONES LAWYER 79 Clark Street Room 9 Chicago S. A. McELWEE ...LAWYER... 36 S. Clark St., CHICAGO. Room 706 Ogden Building Residence, 3152 Forest Av. ALBERT B. GEORGE LAWYER. 423 Ashland Block. Chicago. — Tel. M. 2020. — For Sale or Rent. Houses, flat buildings, and lots in city and suburbs, on easy monthly installments. Fire Insurance and Furniture Loans at lowest rates. CEO. W. FAULKNER & CO. Phone 2331 Brown. 2935 State St. ```markdown ``` Fifty-First St. and Armour Ave. RAIL YARDS: 151st St. & L. S. & M. S. Ry. 52nd St. and Armour Ave. CHICAGO Phoenix Oil & Mineral Co. OF ARIZONA $200,000 CAPITAL Pays dividends 1 per cent. monthly or 12 per cent per annum. S'ock now selling at 10c per share, full paid and non-assessable. For further particulars address THE DAVIES INVESTMENT COMPANY 614 First National Bank Bldg., Chicago 'Phone Central 3026, Face Massage, Shampooing, Scalp Treating Mrs. Warner Chiropodist and Manicuring Removes Corns Without Pain Medicated Foot Baths and Foot Massage 138 State St., 4th Floor, Chicago Telephone Blue 4632 Work Called for and Delivered.. A. HOFFMAN, CLEANER, DYER AND PRESSER. Suits Sponged and Pressed 55c 5125 State St. Expert Workmanship Moderate Prices. Mrs. Florence Miller FASHIONABLE DRESSMAKER PERFECT FIT GUARANTEED PRICES REASONABLE 3151 State Street CHICAGO. COURT REPORTER 77 South Clark St., Room 9 CHICAGO General Stenographer WONDERFUL DISCOVERY Curly Hair Made Straight By TAKEN FROM LIFE: OZONIZED OX MARROW (Copyrighted.) This wonderful hair pomade is the only safe preparation in the world that makes hair or curly hair straight as shown above. It now sheds the scalp, prevents the hair from falling out or breaking off, cures dandruff and makes the hair grow long and silky. Sold over forty years and used by thousands. Warranted harmless. It was the first preparation ever sold for straightening kinky hair. Beware of imitations. Get the Original Ozonized Ox Marrow as the genuine never fails to keep the hair straight, soft and beautiful, giving the least shedding and appearance to much desired. A bottle necessary for ladies gentlemen and children. Elegantly perfumed. Owing to its superior and lasting qualities it is the best and most economical. It is not possible for anybody to produce a preparation equal to it. Full directions with every bottle. Only 50 cents. Sold by druggists and dealers or send as 50 cents for one bottle or $1.40 for three bottles. We pay all money orders. Send postal or express money order. Please mention name of this paper when ordering. Write your name and address plainly to OZONIZED OX MARROW CO., 76 Wabash Ave., Chicago, Illinois. AGENTS AND CORRESPONDENTS WANTED. The Broad Ax desires to engage agents and regular correspondents in all the leading cities and towns in Illinois and throughout the other sections of the country. The highest commissions paid to live hustlers. Sample copies furnished. For further information address Julius F. Taylor 5040 Armour avenue, Chicago, Ill. Mrs. Anna L. Newby. First class furnished rooms, for rent to gentleman and ladies, with bath and gas. 2628 Wabash avenue. MRS. A. WILSON. Nicely furnished rooms to rent for gentlemen. Reasonable rates, 2252 Indiana avenue. Rooms for Rent. Elegantly furnished rooms for rent with bath and gas at 3232 Wabash avenue. Mrs. Kittle Scott. Choice furnished rooms to rent to ladies and gentlemen. ILLINOIS BRICK CO. WILLIAM C. KUESTER. SUPERINTENDENT. N. Western Ave., Ch 1994 N. Western Ave., Chicago. Telephone Lake View 270. HENADEL BR HOHENADEL BROS. 211-213 Madison Street CHICAGO Telephone Main 3300 Manufacturers of... UNIFORM CAPS Pollicemen, Firemen, Letter Carriers, Elevatormen, Janitors, Wagonmen, Street Car Employees, Telegraph Messengers, Railroad Employes, Bellboys, Watchmen, Eta JACOB FEINBERG Market and Grocery 31st and State Sts. CHICAGO John J. Bradley Real Estate, Insurance and Loans Property managed. Abstracts examined. Renting. Legal papers prepared. 4709 South Halsted Street Chicago 226 East 25th Street - - - CHICAGO MOVING AND EXPRESSING Cash on Delivery All Orders Promptly Attended to Telephone Blue a89 4656 Armour Avenue, CHICAGO. M. JUNK, Proprietor JOS. P. JUNK, Manager 3700-3710 South Halsted Street and 897 to 929 Thirtyseventh Street CHICAGO American Brick Co. President and Treasurer, THOMAS CAREY. Vice-President, JOHN SHELHAMER, Secretary, WILLIAM SULLIVAN. MANUFACTURERS OF Common and Sewer Brick Office and Yards: 45th and Robey Sts. Yards running winter and summer, equipped with the latest improved Wolf Dryer. Output of Winter Yards ..... 140,0.0 per day Output of Summer Yards..... 300,0-0 per day IMPORTED AND DOMESTIC WINES, LIQUORS AND CIGARS 8402 SOUTH HALSTED STREET. Chicago BROSS reet CAPS Employes, Messengers, and Employes, Laws, Watchmen, Etc. BERG cery CHICAGO Notary Public Hudley and Loans legal papers prepared. Chicago Mason and General Contractor CHICAGO ALER IN ND ICE