The Gazette

THE CHARTER AMENDMENT WILL WIN! IN UNION IS STRENGTH FORTY-SIXTH YEAR THE IRELAND 3518 PRO Under No Modern with every convenience and ten 1 and 2-room suites Catering to Transit ROOMS BY Best Hotel Environment GEO. EA Phone HEne TWO INTELLECTUAL By JOSEPH 516 Manhattan FADEOUT Tells how and why our people Their Constitutional Right discussion of the Klan a Price $1.00. Free This is Mr. Manning's life 1878 It is "worth the price" BOTH BOOKS Send Orders to Mr. Man Do Not Vote Charter SIXTH YEAR. No. 51. THE CHAP THE IRENE HOTEL 3518 PROSPECT AVENUE Under New Management with every convenience. Every room with private and telephone service. 1 and 2-room suites priced to meet every purse. Catering to Transient and Permanent Guests. ROOMS BY DAY OR WEEK. First Hotel Environment and Surroundings in O GEO. E. O'NEILL, Prop. Phone HEnderson 8780—1—2 TWO INTERESTING BOOKS By JOSEPH C. MANNING 516 Manhattan Ave., New York City FADEOUT OF POPULISM Now and why our people of the South are dep Constitutional Rights. Brought down to da mission of the Klan and Anti-Saloon League Po Price $1.00. From Five to Twenty-F Ms. Manning's life story embracing the perio 1870 to 1895. is "worth the price of admission". Price $1 BOTH BOOKS FOR $1.50. Orders to Mr. Manning at His New York Ac Do Not Be Misle FORTY-SIXTH YEAR. No. 51. THE IRENE HOTEL Under New Management Modern with every convenience. Every room with private bath and telephone service. 1 and 2-room suites priced to meet every purse. Catering to Transient and Permanent Guests. ROOMS BY DAY OR WEEK. Best Hotel Environment and Surroundings in Ohio. GEO. E. O'NEILL, Prop. Phone HEnderson 8780—1—2 Tells how and why our people of the South are deprived of Tibet, and how the Chinese government is by and for discussion of the Kitan and Anti-Slavery League Politics. Vote For The Charter Amentm ON AUGUST 20, 1929, And Open The CITY HOSPITAL TO OUR INTERNS, ITS NURSES' TRAINING SCHOOL TO OUR GIRLS. City Manager Hopkins termed our people from the "A MENACE TO THE COMMUNITY"! FREE EXTRACTION And Open The HOSPITAL TO OUR INTERNS ITS NURSES' TRAINING SCHOOL TO OUR GIRLS. Manager Hopkins termed our people from the "A MENACE TO THE COMMUNITY"! FREE EXTRACTION And Open The CITY HOSPITAL TO OUR INTERNES, AND ITS NURSES' TRAINING SCHOOL, City Manager Hopkins termed our people from the South "A MENACE TO THE COMMUNITY"! FREE EXTRACTION! With Plate and Bridge Work X-Ray Gas Administered. Special Attention to Children Dr. L. L. Ellison, Dent 201-3 Woodland Market Bldg., 5400 Woodland 'Phone, RAn. 1454. DR. E. A. BAILEY L. L. Ellison, Dent Woodland Market Bldg., 5400 Woodland 'Phone, RAn. 1454. DR. E. A. BAILEY 201-3 Woodland Market Bldg., 5400 Woodland Ave. 'Phone, RAn, 1454. Physician and Surgeon Special Attention Women 201-3 Woodland Market 'Phone, Office, RAn. 2300 Special Attention to Chronic Diseases Women and Men Woodland Market Bldg., 5400 Woodland e, Office, RAn. 2306. Res., CEdar THE GAZETTE ESTABLISHED, AUGUST 25, 1883 And Issued Every Week on Time Since CLEVELAND, OHIO, SATURDAY, AUGUST 3, 1929. THE QUARTET OF BENNETT COLLEGE FOR WOMEN GREENSBORO, N.C. Above is a portrait of the quartette representing Bennett College for Women, Greensboro, N. C., now singing in a number of important cities throughout Ohio and Michi- Which Our Local Organizations Should Hasten to Act Upon—Get Part at Least of What We Are Entitled to. Hon. Harry C. Smith, Editor Gazette, City. Dear Sir: I—have been wondering why it is that you don't start a campaign, thru your paper toward securing positions in places of business in the Woodland, Central and Scotia. Are district where our people are the merchants of businesses? There are many places of business in this district that could not run if it were not for the patronage of our people. There are many young people of our group finishing school, every year, who are looking for employment and cannot find anything to do while we are making the merchants of this district wealthy. It seems that every one waits for you to start every progressive movement. So why not start this campaign. It could be done by educating our people to stay from places of business in the district that do not employ our people. I believe that if you were to start such a movement, others would join in and help. I am writing to you because I know that you sincerely have the interest of your people at heart and are at all times ready to do the thing that will help them most. Yours truly, (Atty.) Andrew J. Cunningham. The new million dollar C. & B. Line pier at Buffalo was formally opened, Sunday, July 28. Patterned after the general design of the E. 9th St. terminal in Cleveland, the new Buffalo pier is one of the finest and most completely equipped on the Great Lakes. It is located at the foot of Erie St., virtually at the mouth of Buffalo harbor and yet situated within 2,000 feet of Shelton Square in the heart of that city. The new terminal building is 810 feet long, 207 feet wide with 66,000 square feet of warrage space, and 9,000 square feet occupied by offices and waiting rooms. It affords 900 feet for dockage. The entire building is completely equipped in the most modern manner, and every comfort for the traveling public has been included. "Last season, we carried over 350,000 passengers, more than 100,000 tons of freight and over 11,000 tourist automobiles. This season, we expect, will prove to be the greatest in our entire history," said President Newman. Contribute a Thousand Dollars. New York City. —A check for $1,000 was forwarded, July 18 to Othe H. Kahn, treasurer of the American Shakespeare foundation. The sum was contributed by a number of Afro-Americans for the purpose of endowing the Ira Aldridge memorial chair in the Shraake-Pearson Memorial Theatre at Stratford-Upon-Avon, England. BELLEFONTAINE.—Rev. Charles Hill of Urbana preached an able sermon at Grace A. M. E. church, Sunday. The basket-meeting at Rutan park was largely attended.—Mr. and Mrs. Earl Harper and daughters, Carrabelle and Kathryn, spent Sunday in Dayton with their daughter and sister, Mrs. Thelma Lowe.—Mrs. Jennie Vincent and Mr. Harry Mort are improved.—Services for Mrs. Jackson's infant daughter were held in Tuesday afternoon, at Grace church.—The hands to order The Gazette from the fox agent and keep abreast of the times from a race viewpoint. gan. The quartette is being featured at the Methodist Assembly Grounds at Lakeside, O., this week. They are the Misses Jessie Johnson, Nannie Wright (seated), Chattie Price and L'Tredra Sandifer. Liberty Hill Baptist church, E. 58th St. and Kinsman Rd. Speakers: Hon. Harry C. Smith, Hon. Harry L. Davis, D. Leroy N. Bundy, Mrs. Iola Eills, Mrs. Boston J. Prince, Councilman Clayborne George, Atty. N. L. McGhee, A. J. Dillard, chairman Councilman Clayborne George, D. Leroy N. Bundy, Mrs. Margaret Whiting, Hon. Harry C. Smith, Atty. Louise J. Pridgeon, chairman Thursday, Aug. 8, 8 P. M., Mt. L. Conn. Church, E. 55th St. and Central Ave. Speakers: Hon. Harry L. Davis, Hon. Harry C. Smith, Boston J. Prince, H. C. Bailley, Rev. A. Hawkins. Sunday, Aug. 11, 8 P. M., Second Morning Star Baptist church, W. 25th St. Speakers: R. S. Rector, Rev. Van Pelt, Dr. E. A. Bailley, chairman Sunday, Aug. 12, 8 P. M., Phillips Chapel, E. 63rd St., south of Woodland Ave. Speakers: Rev. Boston J. Prince, Rev. A. Hawkins, Rev. B. G. Glover, D. Leroy N. Bundy, Rev. G. W. Sample, chairman Tuesday, Aug. 13, 8 P. M., East Mt. Zion Baptist church, E. 103d St. and Cedar Ave. Speakers: Rev. H. C. Bailley, Hon. Harry C. Smith, L. Yancey, Mrs. Margaret Whiting, Matc McGhee, Mrs. Lillie Mason, Atty. Louise J. Pridgeon, Councilman Clayborne George, chairman Thursday, Aug. 15, 8 P. M. Thankful Baptist church, E. 61st St. north of Woodland Ave. Speakers: Rev. Van Pelt, Rev. A. Hawkins, Rev. B. C. Glover, Dr. Leroy N. Nundy. Beulah Baptist church, cor. Cardinal and Saranac Roads, Collinwood. Speakers: Councilman George, Atty. Chas. W. White, L. L. Yancey, Mrs. Iola Ellis, Mrs. Lillie Mason, John D. Dawson, chairman. Miss Ruth Mitchell of Findlay, soprano, who is spending her summer music here, will continue her music studies in New York, this fall. NEAR TO BLOWS! At the Baptist Ministers' Conference —Precipitated By Rev. R. S. Brown—Disgraceful Conduct. The Baptist Ministers' Conference meeting, Tuesday morning, at Gethsemane Baptist church, cor. E. 30th St. and Scovill Ave., turned out to be a near rlot when Gov. Harry L. Davis quietly seated himself in the rear of the church while Rev. Rus- Rev. Dr. H. C. Bailey. sell S. Brown of Mt. Zion Cong. church was speaking. There were about thirty of our local Baptist ministers in the meeting and Rev. R. S. Brown, Rev. H. C. Bailey, Dr. J. K. Nickens, Rev. D. O. Walker of St. James A. M. E. church, and Rev. R. W. Watkins of Cedar Ave. Christian church. The Ex-Governor's advent so disconcerted Rev. Brown that he promptly sat down on the road to go forward with his speech, giving as an excuse that he that he was to address a meeting of ministers. Immediately, there was a demonstration that could only be likened to the "babble of tongues at the tower of Babylon", with Revs. Ailer, Boone, Caver, Ribbins and others on their feet at once talking, shouting and gesticulating. This lasted for very near three-quarters of an hour during this hysterical demonstration, the coroner quietly withdrew, accompanied by Dr. Bailey and R. S. Rector. Some of the Baptist ministers, namely Rev. M. F. Washington of Liberty Hill church, Rev. A. Hawkins, Rev. Washington Page and others, who felt keenly the disgrace of it all, endeavored in vain to quiet the too demonstrative "brethren of the cloth". It was a most disgraceful procedure, indeed, not only impressing most unfavorably the distinguished visitor but could not help lower the status of the race in the lower the status of the intelligent and disinterested person. Any witnessing the scene could not fail to understand why there is so little respect for some of our so-called ministers of the gospel. Rev. Dr. Bailey after order was partially restored, took the floor and in a short, snappy talk, caustically upbraided the Baptist ministers for their most reprehensible conduct and told Rev. Brown, who precipitated it that he ought to be allowed to pay part of what for saying in his short talk, before Berlama broke loose, that our organization employees of the city government had to pay for their jobs. He reminded Mr. Brown that Councilman Fleming was credited with most of the appointments referred to and that in making that statement he (Brown) was severely reflecting upward the ex-councilman who just at this time had not been on his hands without anyone placing more burdens upon him, Etc. Mr. Rector claims that Baptist ministers (members) had given him invitations to invite the Ex-Governor to the meeting of the Conference. In spite of this the noisy members of the organization refused permission Mr. Davis to make any explanation whatsoever withdrew. Of the thirteen members of the conference who voted on hearing the Ex-Governor, eight voted against it and five for. The outcome of the disgraceful proceeding was that nine of the Baptist ministers went to Mr. Davis' office, the next morning (Tuesday), and offered their regrets and support to the Charter Amendment. They were: Rev. A. J. Hawkins, the pastor, 3663 Scovill Ave.; Rev C. I. Thompson of Monumental Baptist church, 2533 E. 33d St.; Rev B. F. Colvin, Thankful Baptist church, 2676 E. 61st St.; Rev B. G. Glover, M. Herman Baptist church, 3721 Woodland Ave.; Rev A. F. Parks, Friendship Baptist church, 3057 Central Ave.; Rev W. M. Page, Gethsemane Baptist church, 30th St. and Scovill Ave.; Rev J. B. Wilder, Beulah Baptist church, 6411 Quincy Ave.; Rev T. J. Doman, Tabernacle Baptist church, 7614 Central Ave., and Rev J. H. Smiley, Missionary Baptist church, 2533 E. 33d St. Mrs. Leroy N. Bundy left, last week, for a visit with her mother in St. Louis. SINGLE COPY FIVE CENTS HOPKINS LITERALLY SKINNED BY THE SPEAKERS AT OUR MEETINGS BECAUSE OF THE COLOR OR RACE PREJUDICE Shown at the City Hospital, in City Bathing Pools and at City Hall—Negroes From the South a "Potential Menace," Hopkins Said. The opening mass meeting of our Charter Amendment supporters held at St. Paul's Zion A. M. E. church, cor. Quincy Ave. and E. 55th St., last week Friday evening, was far and away the largest and most successful meeting held to that date. The large audience, which crowded the church, was most enthusiastic and applauded the speakers to the Councilman Clayborne Geoffrey and the speakers were: Rev. Horace Bailey, Hon. Harry C. Smith, editor of The Gazette; Mrs. Ala Gilbert (white), Ex-Gov. Harry L. Davis, Rev. Wm. Todd, Rev. Boston J. Prince, Rev. G. W. Samples and Dr. Leroy N. Bundy, the editor is announced as the principal speaker. Rev. James P. Foote, pastor of St. Paul's church, was conspicuously during the talks of Messrs. Bailey and with local daily paper to the contrary not understanding. Others in the audience were Hirstius, chairman of the county Republican committee; Alex Bernstein, former member of the board of elections; Morton Zaller, manager of Senator Theodore E. Burton's last campaign and a Maurice Maschke leutenant, and Atty. Louis Vincur, Republican leader of the seventeenth ward. All of the speakers scored exception of Mr. Davis scored Clement City manager Will R. Hopkins and the managerable plan under which he to the detriment of our people. Particularly bitter was the criticism of the editor of The Gazette because of Mr. Hopkins' refusal to permit our boys and girls to train in the City Hospital and use the bathing pools of the city in common with all other residents of the community; also for Hopkins' reference to "Negroes of the city" had been dumped into Cleveland, and them to the detriment of our people a potential menace." large audience cheered Mr. Smith "to the echo" throut his address, making "the welkin fairly ring". "That 'potential menace' statement of Hopkins has never been retracted, and whenever a man makes an attack upon my people like that I would tear my tongue out by the roots before I would support him for anything", Editor Smith shouted, amid the cheers of the audience. "This is the same Hopkins who last year, during the Charter Amendment campaign, practically lived among here begging for votes to support him. Can you for a man like that and preserve your self and race respect? I don't believe in begging for what rightfully belongs to me. I would rather fight for it". Mr. Smith charged that in the five and a half years Hopkins had been in office he had not appointed even one of our people to a position of trust with a salary attached. He charged that six or seven of our boys were attacked and badly beaten by a mob at Woodland Hills pool, two years ago, but nothing was done it by the Hopkins city administration to occur. "But the county paid, and it under the mob law which I had passed in 1893 while a member of the Ohio Legislature", the editor said. "It is under this regime that we got the 'Roaring Third' the worst section of the city. I live in the heart of it. To know your people you must live among the worst. Make before, Chamber of Commerce committee, some submissive said that the city was to blame for the condition that existed there, and that statement is true", said Mr. Smith. "You don't own Hopkins a pleasant thought", he continued. Referring to the "round robin" which 12 "Negro" ministers signed in support of the manager plan Mr. Leroy Bundy was right when he said, "I know what they were doing. Either they didn't know what it was all about, or else they are traitors to their people". Rev. Cora B. Cailey, our oldest and leading minister in the city, who preceded the editor as a speaker of the evening, said he was one of the original 100 who signed the motion of Prof. A. Mannion asking that the manager plan to the voters. He said he did so on the representation that it would mean better government for Cleveland; that while the city manager had pushed stadium and boulevard improvements, he had neglected and even insulted the colored people. "We placed Manager Hopkins in as steward of our city after the plan was adopted, and now he must be deputy chair of the department." Dr. Bailey said. "I find that I am not able to say 'well done thus good and faithful servant', and now THE GAZETTE is the oldest class publication of the kind, and has the largest bona fide circulation among Ohio Afro-Americans, double that of any other newspaper published in this or any other state, and comparison with any will immediately establish its rank as one of the NEWSIEST AND BEST published in the interest of Afro-Americans. THE COPY FIVE CENTS WIN! GENERALLY SKINNED AT OUR MEETINGS BECAUSE FOR RACE PREJUDICE total, in City Bathing Pools and groes From the South a nace," Hopkins Said. I am for this amendment which will bring the government back to the people where it belongs". The speaker related that he had a granddaughter who had been graduated from Central High school and that she wanted to study to be a nurse. She has been refused, and will not, he said, be permitted by City Mayor Mary McCormack to enter City Hospital to train "the headmanager (and Dr. E. J. Gregg, councilman) wants to establish a "jim-crow" hospital". A fine round of applause greeted Ex-Gov. Harry L. Davis as he entered during the speech of Dr. Bailey. He followed the editor and said that the big issue in the campaign was whether the people were fit to govern themselves. He said that he had been attacked, but he did not care what any one said about him or those associated with him. "My shoulders are broad and I can take care of myself, and all that I ask is that you take care of yourself". Davis said amid cheers that he not only did any candidate for one is to profit from this individually, but our community as a whole is to be the beneficiary". Dr. Leroy N. Bundy said The Plain Dealer is engaged in the art of deception. It has been printing some beautiful pictures in support of the manager. "Now let the Plain Dealer publish some pictures taken along E. 55th St., Scovill and Quincy Avenues, the section where our people live. Let it get some of the pictures of the junk yards, dirty and dilapidated as they are. Yes, I am fed up on pictures. There are 1,500 employees in the city Hall. But the management here are three colored employees and Hopkins did not appoint them. No, I am not talking about janitorhips. They are not jobs but impositions", Dr. Bundy concluded amid laughter. The other speakers' addresses were short, because of the lateness of the hour, but were snappy and to the point, all denouncing the manager plan and the city manager, and exhorting our men and women voters to rally to the support of the Charter Amendment and show loyalty to the race and self respect. Sunday evening's meeting at Revelations Baptist church, E. 75th St. and Kinsman Rd., Rev. C. M. Potts, and the management officers were inclement weather. The speakers were: Hon. Harry C. Smith, Atty. Jos. Breitenstein, Dr. Leroy Bundy and others. The Seventh Day Adventist's large tent, in E. 34th St. near Central Ave., was crowded, Monday evening, and more people sat and stood on the outside than were in the tent. It was an exceedingly enthusiastic meeting, the speakers being Ex-Gov. Harry L. Davis, Hon. Harry C. Smith, Dr. Horace C. Bailley, Atty. Wm. Marsteller, Dr. Leroy M. Ghee, Dr. Ghee, Rev. Wm. Todd and others. Tuesday evening, a splendid meeting was held in the church, E. 77th St. and Quincy Ave.; while the largest one of the week was held, Thursday evening, in Temple Baptist church, E. 84th St. and Cedar Ave. This meeting will be covered in our next issue. Speakers: Davis, Smith, Drs. E. A. Bailley, Bundy and others. A MILLIONAIRE'S DAUGHTER Marries a "Sporting World Gent" of Color—Second or Third "Hubby." New York City—The apparent excitement in white circles here over the marriage of Eugene Newton, an "Afro" of the sporting world, to one Dolores Elizabeth Ford (white), daughter of Wm. Ford, millionaire director of the Owens-Illinois Glass company of Toledo, O., and Glassboro, N. J., has been of little interest to Harlemites. Under all the stories to arouse sympathy in her favor, according to the accounts by her most intimate friends, the facts still remain that, after all, she was only a person of uncertain morals who drank heavily, changed her affections often and belonged to that tribe of white women who frequent Harlem cabarets in search of nirvana. This particular one ended in nirvana. N. J. Nov. 13, 1928, when she was married by Rev. L. B. Ellison to Eugene Newton, whom she had met in the Lenox Club, 652 Lenox Ave., where he was employed. The girl has been married once or twice before this "Newton episode." Mrs. George Carroll, E. 74th St., had as recent guests Misses Amy Ford, Amy Palmer, Midred Bibs and Julia Maxwell, out-of-town visitors who attended the W. M. M convention. --- OH, MOM GRAN'PA SAID THERE'S A OLE LOG-CABIN UP IN THE MOUNTAIN ALONG MURDER'S CREEK THAT SPIDER AN I CAN CAMP IN- WE'RE AFTER OUR CLOTHES WE GOT EVERYTHING WE NEED, BLANKETS AN' SALT AN' PEPPER AN' A COFFEE POT AN' SKILLET AN' BUTTER AN' BACON AN' EGGS AN' BREAD AN' KNIVES AN' FORKS AN' SPOONS AN' SUGAR AN' COFFEE AN' MATCHES- WE GOT SOME CANNED BEANS AN' MILK AN' JAM AN' APPLES AN' PILLOWS AN' FISHIN' HOOKS HAVE YOU ANY SOAP? SOAP! WHADDA WE WANT WITH SOAP? THIS IS GONNA BE A CAMPIN' TRIP! (In Advance) One Year ..... $2.00 Six Months ..... 1.00 Subscribers are requested to remit by postoffice money order or registered letter. Entered at the postoffice in Cleveland, Ohio, as second-class mail matter Address all communications to HARRY C. SMITH Editor and Proprietor THE GAZETTE 226 W. Superior Ave., Cleveland, O. (Bell 'Phone: CHerry 1259) Member Ohio Legislature: 1894 to 1896; 1896 to 1898; 1900 to 1902. IN UNION IT IS STRONGEST 10,000,000 Afro-Americans. 350,000 in Ohio. 40,000 in Cleveland. SATURDAY, AUGUST 3, 1929. You will have an opportunity to register on Aug. 9 for the Charter Amendment election on Aug. 20, '29. Tell your friends and acquaintances! --- The twelve "Negro" pastors who signed that political "Round Robin", favoring the plan and a man (Hopkins) opposed to our people's exercising their rights and privileges in local public places have blundered, and seriously too. This most, if not all of them, will find out to their sorrow on Aug. 20. '29 and for many months thereafter. It is a sad commentary upon the manhood and intelligence of all the residents of Cleveland, especially this afly American contingent, when one man and he a southerner, as a city official can successfully bar our internes and girls from training in a public institution, the City Hospital, even if he is "backed up" and upheld by City Manager Will R. Hopkins. ---!!!--- MAKE PLACES! We call the attention of all our local organizations, particularly that of our women's clubs, to Atty. A. J. Cunningham's letter elsewhere in this paper. At least three hundred of our young folk, boys and girls, ought to be clerking in the business places of the district which is bounded by E. 105th and E. 9th Streets, Woodland and Cedar Avenue. What he says of our people's patronage of the places of business in the district mentioned is far too conservatively stated and not an exaggeration by any means. Very, very few of our boys and girls, men and women, are given such employment in that district the our patronage is the main support of nearly all of its business places. We have a right to ask such employment and should do so at once in an organized way thru the medium of our local organizations, headed by the Federation of Women's club which numbers many mothers among its members. All of our local organizations, especially our churches and lodges should be particularly active in this matter. We are losing thousands of dollars, every week, because of our inactivity in this matter. Let's go! "DUD" BLOSSOM AND HOPKINS. In the summer of 1928, at Asbury Park, N. J. an officious and prejudiced policeman who was patrolling the beach, public property if you please, told our people who were enjoying the salt-water there, to "go down where you belong", having reference to a section of the beach which he had designated as a segregated section. Our people of Asbury docilely obeyed, feeling it was an order from the mayor of the city. This year, they decided that such unjust and illegal discrimination should end. So informed "his honor" and the Board of Commissioners that they were going to use the beach "as others use it", and were promptly informed that "no such order had been given any officer of the force and no such orders will be given". The discriminatory practice complained of ended right there. This year, however, it is rumored, certain of our people, jim-crow Negroes," approached the City Commissioner and asked for a segregated section of the beach. Lord, have mercy! As a result there have been several instances, recently, where our people have been ordered away from certain parts of the beach. In a letter to the Board of Commissioners relative to this latest instance of discrimination, our people of Asbury Park wrote: "We are citizens and not cattle, and we will not be quiescent under any practices or conditions that seek to deprive us of our inenable rights." We are right, we can processly submit to arrest in order to have the courts inform you what are our rights; but rest assured that we are going to use our beach as other people use it". In the letter they also called attention to an attack made upon three of our men by a life guard, on July 14, because they went to a part of the beach where the guard that they should not have gone. The letter ends with the statement: "We feel that we have been patient and have endured much. We shall not annoy you with further communications unless you so desire. But please be advised that we never fight except for our rights as citizens, and never stop fighting until the court of last resort has passed upon the issue". And the letter will settle the matter and settle it right, too! How like City Manager Will R. Hopkins and his assistant, Dr. Dudley L. Blossom, director of welfare, in the case of our internes and nurses who desire to train in the Cleveland CITY Hospital is the Board of Commissioners of Asbury Park, N. J.! It was Director Blossom, a southerner, who brazenly told a delegation of our people that they only, of all the citizens in this community, would not be permitted to use the CITY Hospital as desired, and that that statement "settled it." Along comes Councilman E. J. Gregg, a member of the race, with his "jim-crow" hospital suggestion and later with his East Side branch of the CITY Hospital substitute-suggestion which would prove to be but a "jim-crow" affair to which all Afro-Americans, from all parts of the city, would eventually be forced to go for ALL purpose as patients, internes and student-nurses. At Asbury Park, "jim-crow Negroes" asked for a segregated section of the beach. Here "jim-crow Negroes" ask for a "jijim-crow" hospital on the Eastside of the city. Lord, have mercy or them! The Asbury branch of the N. A. A. C. P. has written the Board of Commissioners of that city as stated above. Cleveland's local branch, as usual, rests supinely "upon its oars" after having written a few letters to Hopkins and Blossom. It has never occurred to it, it seems, to write them a letter like the Asbury branch's latest communication and prepare to take our CITY Hospital matter into the local courts, as will be done at Asbury Park, N. J. This, too, in spite of the fact that our people of Cleveland have contributed thousands of dollars, for years, to the support of the N. A. A. C. P. for just such court action, and have never received it! Meantime, the Charter Amendment contest is on again and election day is August 20, 1929. On that day will be afforded an opportunity to get rid of the manager plan and its "potential menace" and color-line city manager and his prejudiced southern director, Dr. Dudley P. Blossom. This will afford the relief desired, and open the Cleveland CITY Hospital for the training of our internes and nurses; stop the discrimination in the Woodland Hills and all other bathing pools of the city; place Afro-American employees in the City Hall and other branches of the city government, in nearly all of which we are not so represented; and rebuke the brazen affront and insult of those twelve "Negro" pastors, "Round Robin" signers, pseudo "apostles". "ROUSE MIT" HOPKINS! For about ten days, the Cleveland Press and Plain Dealer, two of the three local daily papers and supporters of the manager plan and Color-line City Manager Will R. Hopkins, kept nagging Maurice Maschke, head of the local Republican organization, trying to force him to come out for the plan and the man, with the result that he issued a statement, the first of the week, which practically arrays his following in the Republican party of the city, which means the Republican organization of course, on the side of the Charter Amendment. And that settles it—the contest! The Charter Amendment carried both times before with the organization against it and as about everyone now knows was counted out, both times. If it could win, last year and the year previous, with the organization against it, what chance of losing has it, this year, with the organization with it? It is true that the rich of the city favorable to the manager plan. have an enormous campaign fund that they are spending (or promising) "like drunken sailors", and that it is bound to have some influence on the result. For example, just witness the most reprehensible, most flagrant and outrageous conduct of some of our local ministers and leading white men already in this campaign. But will the lavish use of this money off-set the acquisition of the support of the Republican organization? "Not by a million years!" Even if it did, and there is not the remotest possibility of its doing so, there would still be the natural majority to overcome that the Charter Amendment had, last year and the year before, when it won and was counted out. OHIO'S MOB VIOLE OR ANTI-LYNCHING LAW LEADS TO IN EFFECTIVE LEGISLATION Against the Mob and Lynch-Murder Work of a Member of the Racial His Ohio Civil Rights Law There is no danger, this time, of there being any "counting out". So all we have to do is to get out the vote on August 20, 29, to oust Hopkins and the manager plan and restore the government of the city of Cleveland to the people who lost it when the miserable plan was adopted. Let us all "get busy" and stay so until the victory is achieved. "Rouse mit!" Hopkins and the manager plan! Prime Sport News Champion Al Brown Stopped! Hartford, Conn.—Bat Battalion, of this city, New England feathery weight champion, won a ten-round decision over Al Brown of Panama, recognized in New York state as world's bantamweight champion, here, last week Friday night. "The Keed" Does the Usual! Chicago, Ill.—Kid Chocolate, crack featherweight, made his Chicago de- but a successful one, Tuesday night, by outpointing Steve Smith (white) of Bridgeport, Conn., in a ten-round bout. Ten thousand fans in Mills Stadium saw the elusive "Keed" flash a sensational rally in the clos- ing round to win the decision. Ring- side experts gave Chocolate the margin in six of the ten rounds. The Columbus wolf 125 pounds, the heaviest in his fighting career, and Smith 126. Chocolate Booked For a Year Chocolate Booked For a Year. Milwaukee, Wis.—Kid Chocolate, the great little Afro-Cuban feather- weight wonder, is booked up for the balance of the year, according to his friend,addy Carmen of the Chicago stadium. Members offer Chocolate $30,000 for three fights with Eddie Shea, Earl Mastro and Bud Taylor and it may be accepted. He also announced the signing of Rene Devos and Johnny Burns of Oakland, Cal. for Aug. 23. It is expected Shea and Chocolate will also be on the same card. Novario's Afro-Team. With L. R. Williams acting as booking agent and business manager, Dolk Novario has organized an Afro-American baseball team to be known as the Cleveland Stars with home grounds at Hooper Field. This is the result of a conference with Judge W. C. Hueston, president of our National League, who was in town recently. Novario already has made plans for strengthening his club signing Catcher Atkins of Indianapolis and Pitcher Johnson, a southpaw from Birmingham. He is a professional. Professionals, Sunday, in a double header at Hooper Field. Outfielders Duff, Hall and Ross are expected to join the team, Sunday. Other teams scheduled to meet the Stars are the Chattanooga Black Cats, Charleston Giants, Charlotte (N. C.) Collegians, Memphis and Birmingham. HILLSBORO.—Mrs. Martha Gay returned to Columbus, Sunday.—Rev. Alonzo Ware and the A. M. E. choir visited St. John's church in Xenia, last Thursday evening. He delivered an inspiring message.—Mr. and Mrs. Frank Day of Dayton visited the former's father.—Mr. and Mrs. Frank Johnson, Mrs. C. M. Gragston visited in Wilmington, Sunday.—Mrs. Vernon Young is visiting her parents at Wilberforce. Her sister, Lottie, accompanied her home.—Mrs. Addie Young visited Mrs. Helen Chesapeake last week. Mrs. White Cole is spending this week at the lakes.—Mr. and Mrs. George Tribune of Oxford are visiting the latter's sister, Mrs. Fred Williams.—Leroy Williams of Greenfield visited his sick father, Friday and Sunday.—Mrs. Ora Hays of Cincinnati visited Miss Teana Williams. The Truth! What would cause other people to gnash their teeth and gird their loins is question of debate for us. Kick us, beat us, pile depredations upon us, revile us, abuse us, lie about us, malign us and even impugn our valor and we are not unanimously insulted. It seems impossible to establish unanimity of insult in the black race.—Chicago (Ill.) Whitp. OHIO'S MOB VIOLENCE ACT OR ANTI-LYNCHING LAW LEADS THE COUNTRY IN EFFECTIVE LEGISLATION Against the Mob and Lynch-Murder-Three Years' Work of a Member of the Race-Also His Ohio Civil Rights Law. Section 6278. "Mob" and "lynching" defined. 6279. /"Serious injury" defined. 6280. Damages in case of assault. 6281. Damages in case of lynching. 6282. Damages recoverable by legal representative of victim of lynching. 6283. Person suffering death or injury by mob trying to lynch another. 6284. Limitations of action. 6285. Order to include recovery and costs in tax levy. 6286. Guardian's custody, etc., fees. 6287. County's right of action against member of mob. 6288. County's right of action against another county. 6289. Non-relief from prosecution. Our mor-violence or anti-lynching bill was introduced in the Ohio legislature in 1894 and re-introduced in 1896. It took the Hon. Harry C. Smith, editor of The Gazette, just three years to secure its enactment into law. The Ohio Supreme Court has several times upheld the constitutionality of the law and it has been Section 6278. A collection of people assembled for an unlawful purpose and intending to do damage or injury to any one, or pretending to exercise correctional power over other persons by violence and without authority of law, shall be deemed a "mob" for the purpose of this chapter. An act of violence by a mob upon the body of any person shall constitute a "lynching" within the meaning of this chapter. (93 v. 161 2.) Section 6279. The term "serious injury," for the purpose of this chapter, shall include such inquiry as perpulsation or temporarily disables the person receiving it from earning a livelihood by manual labor. (93 v. 161 3.) Section 6280. A person taken from officers of justice by a mob, and assaulted with whips, clubs, missiles or in any other manner, may recover, as hereafter provided, a sum not to exceed one thousand dollars from the county in which the assault is made (93 v. 161 4). Section 6281. A person assaulted and lynched by a mob may recover, from the county in which such assault is made a sum not to exceed five hundred dollars; or, if the injury received therefrom is serious, a sum not exceeding one thousand dollars; or, if such injury result in persecution or to execution in the hood by manual labor, a sum not to exceed five thousand dollars (93 v. 12 5). Section 6282. The legal representative of a person dying from injuries received from lynching by a mob, may recover of the county in which such injury occurred, a sum not to exceed five thousand dollars damages for such unlawful killing. Such sum shall be applied to the maintenance of the family and education of the minor children of such person so lynched, if any survive him, until such children are of legal age, and then be distributed to the survivors, and then be distributed to the surviving receiving an amount equal to a child's share. If there be no widow or minor children surviving such decedent, such sum shall be distributed among the next of kin according to the laws of the distribution of the personality of an intestate. Such sum so recovered shall not be a part of the estate of such person so lynched, nor be subject to any of his liabilities. (93 v. 162 6.) Section 6283. A person suffering death or injury from a mob attempting to lynch another person shall come within the provisions of this chapter. He or his legal representatives shall have a like right of action as one purposely injured or killed by law (see § 192.4). Section 6284. Action for the recoveries provided for in this chapter must be commenced, within two years from the date of such lynching, in any court having original jurisdiction of an action for damages for malicious assault. (93 v. 162 7.) Section 6285. An order to the commissioners of a county, against which such recovery is had, to inquire the county, in the next successful tax levy for such county, shall be a part of the judgment in every such case. (93 v. 162 8.) Section 6286. If the decedent so lynched has minor children surviving him, the fund shall be turned over to a regularly appointed guardian such a guardian such fund under the direction of the probate judge, allowing not more than five hundred dollars for counsel fees in the action for such recovery. (93 v. 162 9.) Section 6287. The county will, when the lynching may recover the attacker, judgment and costs against it in favor of the legal very effective. Illinois, Pennsylvania and New Jersey have followed Ohio's lead and enacted mob violence or anti-lynching laws which are copies of our Ohio law. Several other northern states and at least one border state (Kentucky) have also enacted anti-lynching laws, in recent years, like Pennsylvania and New Jersey. The Ohio law follows: UBS. ed. representative of victim of lynching try by mob trying to lynch another. costs in tax levy. inst member of mob inst another county. MOBS. representatives of a person killed or seriously injured by a mob from any of the persons composing such mob. A person present, with hostile intent, at such lynching shall be deemed a member of the mob and be liable to such action. (93 v. 162 10.) Section 6288. If a mob carries or prepares a weapon, it comes from another county to commit violence on a prisoner brought from such county for safekeeping, the county in which the lynching is committed may recover the amount of the judgment and costs from the county from which the mob came, unless there was contributory negligence on the part of officials of such county in failing to protect such prisoner or disperse such mob. (93 v. 162 10.) Section 6289. This chapter shall not relieve a person concerned in such lynching from prosecution for homicide or assault for engaging therein. (93 v. 163 12.) OUR OHIO CIVIL RIGHTS LAW Upon the request of many readers of The Gazette we print below the text of the Hon. Harry C. Smith's Ohio Civil Rights law which the editor had enacted while a member of the 71st General Assembly, in 1894: The General Code of Ohio: Sect. 12940. However, being the proprietor of a business or manager of an inn, restaurant, eating house, barber-shop, public conveyance by land or water, theater or other place of public accommodation and amusement, denies to a citizen, except for reasons applicable alike to all citizens and regardless of race or color, the full enjoyment of the occupancy of such premises, the ties or privileges thereof, shall be fined not less than fifty dollars nor more than five hundred dollars, or imprisoned not less than thirty days nor more than ninety days, or both. Sec. 12941. Whoever violates the next preceding section shall also pay not less than fifty dollars nor more than five hundreds dollars to the persecutor of the business or to be recovered in any court of convenience jurisdiction in the county where such offense was committed. This law has repeatedly been held constitutional and good law by the Ohio Supreme court. The trouble is our people will not use it as often as they should, but expect it to do for them what they should and must do for themselves, under it, in the courts. HERE'S AN OPPORTUNITY! "The Old Reliable" Gazette desires an active agent and correspondent in every city and town in Ohio and neighboring states having a number of Afro-American residents. Only a little time on Fridays or Saturdays is required to make some money. We are especially desirous of hearing from persons in the following named cities: Springfield, Columbus, Toledo, Steubenville, Zanesville, Wilmington, Xenia, Washington C. H., Lancaster, Piqua, Lima, O., and other places, particularly in Ohio, where we have none. Write to the editor of The Gazette, 226 West Superior Ave., Cleveland, O., and terms will be promptly. Our readers will oblige us greatly by sending the addresses of persons used, and others in the state to whom we can write relative to the matter. WE GOT SOME CANNED BEANS AN' MILK AN' JAM AN' APPLES AN' PILLOWS AN' FISHIN' HOOKS See Us First for All Goods in Our Line JOHN S. HALL Prices Reasonable. Satisfaction Guaranteed. JEWELER AND OPTOMETRIST Eyes Carefully Examined and Glasses Properly Fitted. 3133 Central Ave., Cleveland, O. CHerry 1873 MURINE FOR YOUR EYES Clean, Clear, Healthy Beautiful Eyes Are a Wonderful Asset Murine is Cleansing, Soothing, Refreshing and Harmless. You Will Like It. Book on "Eye Care" or "Eye Beauty" Free on Request Murine Co. Dpt. 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GREEN Attorney-at-Law Room 510, Blackstone Bldg. 1426 West 3rd Street CLEVELAND, OHIO Notary Public Office Phone: Main 2912 Res.: 614 East 107th St. 'Phone, Glen, 3453. +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ O. K. Printing Co. W. J. Foster - John M. Smith Commercial and Job PRINTING PROMPT SERVICE 3113 Central Avenue Prospect 2600 LISTERINE THROAT TABLETS Antiseptic Prevent & Relieve Hoarseness Sore Throat Coughs Stop Itching Skin Don't worry any longer with Dexedil Biotene Blomheim. Pimpleless and other annoying skin irritations. Get Lotion and cream. Pimple antiseptic Zemo—the safe dependable way to relieve itching torture. Convenient to use any time—does not show. All drugs, 35c, 60c, $4.00. zemo FOR SKIN IRRITATIONS A Delicious Food A food for protein; a food for mineral salts; for calcium and phosphorus; all the essential elements for health and strength are found in good cheese. And all the essential elements of good cheese are found in Kraft Cheese. KRAFT K CHEESE KRAFT-PHENIX CHEESE COMPANY Where To Purchase The Gazette NOTICE TO SUBSCRIBERS Subscribers not receiving The us at once. We desire every one. Send or bring locals and all office, Suite 302, Johnson Block site the Hotel Cleveland. If there, please. We advise our readers to advertisements before making advertise in this paper should be The fact that they advertise is All reading matter for pub Gazette must be in the office week, at the latest. Display 4 p. m., WEDNESDAYS! HARRY 226 West Superior (Opposite, H Notary Public Classified Advert Subscribers not receiving The Gazette regularly should notify us at once. We desire every copy delivered promptly. Send or bring locals and all business matters to The Gazette office, Suite 302, Johnson Block, 226 Superior Ave., West, opposite the Hotel Cleveland. If you wish to see the editor call there, please. We advise our readers to carefully examine The Gazette's advertisements before making purchases. Business men who advertise in this paper should have the patronage of our people. The fact that they advertise is assurance that they want it. All reading matter for publication in current issues of The Gazette must be in the office by noon, WEDNESDAY, of that week, at the latest. Display advertisements accepted until 4 p. m., WEDNESDAYS! HARRY C. SMITH, 226 West Superior Avenue, Cleveland, O. (Opposite, Hotel Cleveland.) Notary Public Bell 'Phone: Cherry 1259 (Call, in the Afternoon.) Classified Advertising Department FOR SALE—Two good bedroom sets of three pieces each. A BARGAIN—in good condition. Also Way-Sagless springs and first-grade mattresses, practically new; used less than two weeks. Call, CHerry 1259, in the afternoon. CLEVELAND Social and Personal Jane Warmack, of Greenlawn Ave., has located in Buffalo. Charles Nickens of Chicago is visiting his sister, Mrs. Mary Bailey of Beulah park. Dr. O. A. Taylor drove to Topeka, Kan., his old home, week before last. Mrs. Taylor is ill. Registration day, Aug. 9. Do not forget it. You cannot vote unless you are registered. Remember! Harry T. Ford and his cornet will be one of the numbers on the bill at the Metropolitan theater, Oct. 28, for the American Legion. Miss Otello Oglyph, formerly of Bellefontaine, is attending the American School of Music, Chicago. Her parents have located there. Miss Dorothy Myers and Miss Willa Shook, local public-school teachers, left, last week, on a motor trip to Detroit. Miss Myers has fully recovered from her recent illness. Mr. and Mrs. George A. Myers, of Pasadena Ave., entertained at dinner, recently, in honor of Mrs. Della Eubanks of Lakewood and Mrs. Carrie W. Clifford of Washington, D. C. Rumor has it that Rev. C. D. Patterson or of Temple Baptist church, E. 849 St. and Codar Ave. has lost his pastorate. He is one of the signers of that ministers' "Round Robin". John H. Perry, deputy county clerk, informs The Gazette that Rev. D. O. Walker secured his citizenship (American) papers, June 21 of this year, and that Rev. Stanley Granum is a voter. Mr. Emmett Meade, E. 130th St. a member of the local Slaters' Association, is also our only member of the National Slaters' Association. He is progressive and successful. This is encouraging. Miss Clementina Green, of the Douglass Drugstore; Mr. and Mrs. Herbert Walker and Miss Peggy Pennypacker joined the Fisk students' European tour party, recently. They will return, about Sept. 13. Mrs. Rachel Chafin, widow of Edward Chafin, 10016 South Blvd., motored to Ghent, Ky., recently, with her son, Edward, and accompanied by Ernestine, his step-daughter; Hilda Zigler and Eloise Williams. Carrying out the city's "All Nations" programs at the parks during the summer the program at Gordon park, Sunday, Aug. 4, at 8 p. m., will be rendered by singers of our TUBBY WELL, TILLIE OUR WILD MOUNT IN CHI WE CAUGHT HAS BEEN BEEN GONE ALL DAY GOOD THING FOR HER OR I WICKED HER GETTIN' FED UP ON AROUND HERE IN CABIN SPIDER AND IN AN HER NOT EGGS AT A H. SMITH'S 3007 Scovill Ave. FRANK L. HANDY'S 4401 Central Ave. J. S. HALL'S 3133 Central Ave. *Open, Sundays. THE GAZETTE, CLEVELAND, O., SATURDAY, AUGUST 3, 1929 HEY TUBBY, I FOUND TILLIE. SHE'S GOT A WHOLE NESTFUL OF EGGS GOOD OLE TILLIE! I KNEW SHE'D LAY US SOME EGGS AWRIGHT *BILL VASSILEFF, 2928 Central Ave. *ROSENBERG'S DRUG STORE N. W. Cor. Central Ave. and E. 55th St. FOR SALE —Owner must sell two corner lots on W. 146th St., 50 by 120, near Puritas Springs Ave. Very reasonable. MELROSE 1693-J. group. Mrs. Grace W. Thompson is general chairman. Good! Walter Richardson, international star of the "Shave Boat" company in Europe, recently closed a year's engagement in London, England, and with his wife is in Australia for a year. He will return to London en route to America. Miss Alma R. Gentles, who visited her sister, Mrs. Minnie G. Turner, left for New York City, expecting to return soon to Jamaica, British West Indies. This was her first trip to the U. S. Mrs. Gentles' other sister, Miss Gwendolyn, from Jamaica, is still visiting her. When approached by the Charter Amendment people, week before last, Rev. C. C. Ailer is said to have replied that he wanted to see the manager plan people before he decided which side to support, saying that he did not thoroughly understand the situation. Draw your own conclusions. A grand sum of $111,005,000 will be levied, this year, against Cuyahoga taxpayers, County Auditor John A. Zangerle, has announced in the figure $3,191,000 greater that last Friday week, and the biggest "bill" in the county's report on the tax duplicate for this year. Marjorie D. Ison left, Sunday, to visit in Cincinnati and Detroit. The Las Amigas club which met at her home on Friday week, had Miss Emmalene Harte of Steelton Pa. as a visitor. It was suggested that Miss Harte join the club. Elizabeth Meade succeeds Miss Vashon, who has left the city, as vice president. The marriage of Dorothy Bush and Eladio Massengale in Wellsville, recently, was somewhat of a surprise. Mrs. Frances Good was bridesmaid and her husband was best man. After a honeymoon touring Canada, the newweds are at home at 3252 E. 128th St. The bride is a member of St. John's choir, while the groom is a mall-collector. About forty young folk attended the party at Miss Elizabeth Meade's, E. 130th St., last week Friday evening, and had an exceptionally enjoyable time. Out-of-town guests were: Miss Harte of Steelton, Pa., Miss Dorothy Gordon of Palnesville, Mr. John Brink of Oberlin, Messrs. Thomas and Shropshire of Elyria. Some of the others present were: Misses Dorothy Ormes and Fisher, John Earley, Jr., and Wm. Wright. Police captured two of our young men, early one day last week, while they were robbing the Kroger store at 7605 Quincy Ave., wounding Dan Keith, age 19. Police took Keith to St. Luke hospital for treatment. The police were able to identify age 19, of 1938 Central Ave. Keith was on parole from the Mansfield reformatory and Calloway had served time there. The pair admitted robbing a moving picture house in Quincy Ave. of $10 earlier in the evening. They obtained only $1.15 from the Kroger store. W. M. Rhodes, thirty years ago a resident of Cleveland, and a prosperous resident of Monterey, Mexico, ever since, was a caller at The Gazette office, last week Friday afternoon, and a very interesting one. His vivid description of many persons and phases of life in that country and operation, many of his experiences was of great interest indeed. He was en route to New York City on business and planned to spend several days more in Cleveland on his return to Mexico. Mr. Rhodes was the guest of Mr. and Mrs. Chas. R. Hayes, E. $6th St., and is a brother-in-law of Mrs. Maud W. Rhodes. Last Friday afternoon, Mr. Emmit Meade, E. 130th St., one of our few really successful local business men, thoroly loyal and aggressive, gave the editor a delightful outing, which by the way he sure needed, driving him to his sixty acre farm, just south of Aurora and about an hour's ride from Cleveland. On our return, we stopped at the Meade residence where Mrs. Meade, always a hostess de luxe, served us a dinner which both of us did full justice to. This is not the first time our friend has accorded the editor such courtesies and he surely enjoys and thoroly appreciates them. Come again, friend Meade. Another one! Andy Trnavsky, age 44, of 3474 W. W4th St, lost his life's savings of $1700, last week Tuesday, to a pair of confidence men whom he met at the corner of Woodland Ave. and E. 31st St. They gave him money they said was $15,000 and were gone and asked Andy for $1700 to their expenses. He went to a neighborhood bank and drew out the amount which he exchanged for the neatly wrapped bundle said to contain the $15,000. When Andy opened the package after the strangers asked for a number of newspaper clippings. All the news sessions. What did P. T. Barnum say, many years ago, about one being born every minute? “POTENTIAL MENACES” SAYS MANAGER HOPKINS! Dr. Gregg's Letter Taking Hopkins to Task Force Discursive Statement Jan. 14, 1925. Mr. W. R. Hopkins, City Manager, Cleveland, Ohio. I permit me to call attention to an article, which appeared on Page seven of The Cleveland Plain Dealer's issue of Saturday, January tenth, under the caption: "Phillis Wheatley Called a Defense", containing the following in part, and accredited to you: "I don't know of any problem confronting the city, that contains more attention than the fact that 40,000 southern Negroes have been dumped into Cleveland within the last few years. We were fortunate in our Colored population, here, before the war. It had a real aristocracy, and no question about it. There was Charles Chessnut, nationally prominent in letters, and many others, who were distinguishinghip and leadership. This aristocracy is today what I might call our first leader." After careful analysis of these statements, I am sure you will easily understand that these 40,000 persons, many of whom are loyal citizens of Cleveland, are anxious to understand in our various bands by these new citizens, the tax valuation of property, purchased by them, and the many new business developments, started by them are considered. Surely such evidences of progressive citizenship do not come from people who can be classed as "potential menaces". Unfortunately for both of us, you may have become prejudiced thru daily contact with that menace-creating type of people—all of whom are likely to turn to the South. But, I invite you, however, to occasional contact with those of us who have a full sense of our civic duty, and permit yourself to learn something of our home and social life. I feel sure that after such contact you would readily change your opinion of us. Personally, I am a supporter of the Phillis Wheatley Association, and am thoroughly in accord with its ultimate aim. I also believe firmly that the support of the white citizens is the best that we can be freely sought in this kind of endeavor in seeking such support from white citizens, it hardly seems fair to brand our group as a "potential menace", in order to create sentiment for crimes. But I think that a high public official, even in this Guaranteed and Efficient Work TWENTY YEARS' EXPERIENCE 'Phone: Randolph 5870 Sundays by Appointment should be tolerant and patient to some extent; for this ignorance is the white man's sin. We worked patiently for nearly three hundred years—the entire earnings going to your people, that they might become cultured, and be born rich; and still there is equal need among your people for social workers to help adjust your criminal and social problems. If the reverse had been true—if your people had been ignorant—should be kindly disposed, and in this present generation, be willing to give you a chance. In conclusion, I am sure that you will agree with me that moral and civil law demand, that every normal individual be considered innocent until proven guilty, and surely you cannot, as City Manager, intentionally wish to impress upon the people you would condemn, in the blanket way our statement avers, the 40,000 newcomers to Cleveland. How could 40,000 of us whom you claim have been dumped into Cleveland, in the face of such statements feel safe in seeking justice at the hands of a public official who considers us to be potential menaces? * * * * Very truly yours for a more definite racial knowledge. E. J. Gregg, M. D., 2316 East 55th St. HAS MADE GOOD with millions! 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Ensure you can make big money in pleasant, spare time work. Become a sales agent. PALL TICKETS ARE GOOD ON C.B. STANLEY LONDON CANADA PORT STANLEY BUFFALO LAKE ERIE OUT IN BAY CLEVELAND U.S.A. TRIANGLE TOURS NEW Visit Niagara Falls, Canada and the East via C & B Line Palatial Steamers WHERETHER traveling by train or auto, enjoy an all night's ride on beautiful Lake Erie. C & B Line Steamers are magnificent floating hotels with large, comfortable staterooms, excellent dining room service and courteous attendants. Music and Dancing on the great ship "SEEANDBEE". Autolists, save a day C & B Line way. Avoid miles and miles of congested roadway. Cleveland and Buffalo Division Each way, every night, leaving at 9:00 p.m., arriving 7:30 a.m. (E. S. T.) May 1st to November 15th. Cleveland and Pt. Stanley, Can., Division Daily service, Junior Cleveland, 12:00 midnight, arriving Pt. Stanley, 6:00 a.m. June 9th to Sept. 7th. Connections at Buffalo and Port Stanley for Canadian and Eastern points. NEW LOW FARES $4.50 one way CLEVELAND to BUFFALO $6.50 up $3.00 one way CLEVELAND to PT. STANLEY $4.50 up All Expense Tours to Montreal, Quebec and this Segment, including Niagara Falls, with the entire time for travel over there. THE CLEVELAND AND BUFFALO TRANSIT COMPANY East 9th Street Pier Cleveland, Ohio SAY. YOU CAN'T FOOL ME THESE ARE NOT EGGS! THEY'RE ONLY COBBLE-STONES AN PEBBLES AN DOOR-KNobs! AN'YOU'RE NO WILD MOUNT'IN CHICKEN YOU'RE NOTHIN' BUT AN OLE CLUCKIN' HEN! CLUCK CLUCK "I owe it all to Hi-Ja Quinine Hair Dressing and recommend it to any woman who desires beautiful hair." Special Introductory Offer Beautiful Art Calendar So every lady and gentleman may see just what Hi-Ja Quinine Hair Dressing will do to straighten and beautify hair, we make the following remarkable offer: On receipt of $1.00 we will forward 4 boxes of Hi-Ja Quinine Hair Dressing and 1 box of Hi-Ja Medicated Beauty Soap (In value of this assortment 187.5) In addition we will send you ABSOLUTELY FREE our beautiful New Art Calendar. Send $1.00 today or buy Hi-ja products from your druggist, who will supply you. Don't Throw Away Your Copy of The GAZETTE After Reading It But Give it to a Friend or an Acquaintance who might Subscribe after Reading It CAUGHT "FLATFOOTED"! COUNCILMEN BROWN AND GEORGE SAY COUNCILMAN GREGG DID SAY IT. Gregg Opposed to Our Girls Entering City Hospital School for Nurses in Common With the Girls of All Other Classes or Races in This Community. When Councilman Russel S. Brown bript up his resolution, in the caucus of Republican members of the City Council, to open the local City Hospital to our girls, desiring to become trained nurses, and to our internes, Councilman Gregg objected to it saying that it was not time to expect our girls to train for nurses with white girls at that public institution. What do you think of that? Our boys and girls have been studying and training together in the public institutions of this city for more than fifty years. Brown is also alleged to have said that Gregg asked that what was said in that meeting would not be repeated on the outside and that he (Brown) refused to accede to Gregg's request. The following letters are pertinent and self-explanatory. Cleveland, Apr. 6th, '29. Hon. Harry C. Smith. Dear Sir;—I am somewhat surprised to read your editorial "Not Time" of April 6th publication, an absolutely false statement accredited to me and by Rev. Russell S. Brown, or to me for to believe that Rev. Brown preyed on a hood, for I have high regard or him as a Christian gentleman. I believe that no man has labored harder for negro advancement in Cleveland than I, and yet I wish to add that. I have more confidence in moral suasion and diplomacy as modals of achievement than radicals. Councilman Gregg says he didn't say it, while Councilman Brown and George say he did. The difference is only a question of veracity between the gentlemen named, with two against one. Therefore, the preponderance of evidence is against Gregg. "Jill Gregg has ever 'labored hard for Negro' advancement in Cleveland" we have failed to learn of it, the we have watched his career here ever since he landed, from "down home"—Editor. **Brown Says Gregg Said It.** Cleveland, O., April 9, '29. Hon. Harry C. Smith. Editor Gazelle, Cleveland, O. Dear Sir:—I appreciate your calling me over the telephone and apologize for that part of Dr. Gregg's letter to you which refers to me. I did not give you the information which was the basis of your editorial but I presume you got it from some one who had talked with me about the matter. First, let me give you the "heart" of the resolution referred to: "That a special committee of three members of this Council, to be appointed by the mayor, is hereby authorized and directed to investigate the operation of the City Hospital and any contracts of the city with any institutions or agencies with a view of ascertaining whether full and equal opportunities are accorded all citizens for training in medical and nursing professions." This was discussed in a meeting among a number of friends. It was at that meeting that Dr. E. J. Gregg the recruiter was ground that it was untimely; that there was an organization of white nurses which would not allow their members to work with colored nurses, and if we tried to force colored girls into the City Hospital it might disrupt the morale of the entire hospital. I maintained then, as I do now, that an official investigation and report on the matter will give us a basis on which to work. It is both timely and right to open the City Hospital to our boys and girls. This is as near as it is humanly possible to quote the facts. The doctor (Gregg) and I were not the only members of our race present. Atty. Clayborn George, counselman, was also present. Please call him and ask him to relate what he understood Dr. Gregg to say. Mr. George favored the resolution, as did most persons present. Very truly yours, Russell S. Brown. George Also Says Gregg Said It. Cleveland, April 9, '29. Hon. Harry C. Smith. Dear Mr. Smith:—In answer to your inquiry over the telephone, today, with reference to statements made by Dr. E. J. Gregg, I wish to advise that I was present at a meeting where a proposed resolution of Rev. Russell Brown was being discussed. This resolution in substance asked for an investigation on the part of the City Council of the City Hospital, with reference to equal opportunities for people for the training of nurses and internes. According to my best recollection, Dr. Gregg said that the American Association of Nurses of New York and Philadelphia objected to the training of white and colored nurses in the same hospital, and because of the attitude of the American Nurses' Association he thought the resolution was untimely. He further colored nurses in the same hospital placed into the City Hospital it would destroy the morale of and affect seriously the services rendered there, and for that reason he was opposed to the placing of colored nurses in the City Hospital. Dr. Gregg further said that he did not believe that this would be true with reference to colored internes. He was also opposed to the resolution because he felt that more could be accomplished by working quietly than by giving publicity to it. Hoping this may give you the information desired, I remain, Gregg's reasons for opposing the admission of our girls in the nursing school at the City Hospital are simply ridiculous and a rank insult to all of our people of this community —Editor. GO BACK "HOME" GREGG! Councilman E. J. Gregg is opposed to our people exercising their citizen rights in a public institution supported by the taxpayers of the community, among whom we number thousands, because organized prejudiced white nurses "would not work with our nurses", he says, and because "forcing our girls into the City Hospital nurse-school might disrupt the morale of the entire hospital," he continues. Now, really can you believe that a sane member of the race, a doctor and a city councilman, too, could possibly deliver himself, in this day and time and in this city, of such rot, and, too, in the presence and hearing of white colleagues, members of the Cleveland City Council? O, Lord God of Hosts, have mercy! "We should worry" whether prejudiced white nurses worked with ours or not, and whether "the morale of the entire City Hospital" was "disrupted" or not! As far as the former are concerned, "we don't give a darn", and as the latter, if any persons are to worry about that "morale" let the public's servants in charge of City Hospital, who are paid by the taxpayers thousands of whom are our people, do it. And we are not so sure there would be any, when those nurses or others at the hospital, who are prejudiced, were told they could stay or go, as they saw fit. Why is Gregg so anxious to please prejudiced persons, even to the extent of denying his own people their citizen rights in that public institution? Is the man bereft or what in the world is the matter with him? One thing sure, he is in the wrong city and state with such "down home" stuff in his mind and should "up stakes" and hurry on back to "dear old Tennessee" or wherever in the South he came from. He is more than fifty years behind the times, for this section of the moral vineyard. Go back South, Gregg! And for God's sake and that of your own people of this city, at least, stay there until you can "take that red bandanna off your head". Here, you are in the way and trying to "block the runways". GREGG'S LATEST HOSPITAL IDEA Addressing the Baptist Ministers meeting, April 15, Councilman E. J. Gregg is said to have announced that he was not now advocating a "jim-crow" hospital for this city, but one on the East-side of the city, the majority of its official personnel (those in charge of it) to be "Negroes" Such an institution would do the same harm that a "jim-crow" hospital would, because ALL "Negro" patients that went to the other hospitals in the city, as they do now, would be sent to Gregg's "makeshift" institution, and that would rob our people of the right to enter the other hospitals as they do now. Then, too, there is no need of such a half or two-thirds "jim-crow" institution, since "Negro" patients in this community are being better cared for now than they could possibly ever hope to be in a "hospital" such as Gregg advocates for the selfish purpose of getting a few jobs for "jim-crow Negroes", physicians and others, who do not seem to be able to make a good living otherwise. Is this the thing that City Manager Wm. R. Hopkins and Councilman Gregg have been "rubbing noses or heads" over for the past year or so? We want to know! Cleveland will never start or maintain such an unnecessary thing. Let the "jim-crow Negroes", physicians and others, do it if they can. There will be no objection to their having such a private institution. Why don't they go on back "down home" and revel in "jim-crow" hospitals and about everything else. They are making nuisances of themselves here, trying to not only impede our peoples' progress in this THE GAZETTE, CLEVELAND, O. SATURDAY, AUGUST 3, 1929. community but positively trying to make them retrograde. Shame! TIERS AND TIERS, PLUS SCA THE PRESS AND DR. BUNDY. Editor, Cleveland Press: One of the most amusing events of the past week was the Cleveland Daily Press' attack upon Dr. L. N. Bundy because in a speech at Moose Hall, last week Friday night, he said in reference to the twelve Negro minister-signers of what is called a "Round Robin" that "more than half of them" had told him "that they didn't know what it was all about when they signed it", and calling upon him for an explanation. We fail to see why Dr. Bundy should explain, because the thing explains itself. That twelve, or any other number of Negro ministers in this community, could possibly sign any thing in the interest of the manager plan and City Manager Hopkins in the face of the fact that both plan and man are responsible for barring Negro internes and girls from training in the City Hospital, a local public institution under their direction, is proof that "more than half of them didn't know what it was all about when they signed the so-called "Round Robin", or are disloyal to their people. Negro ministers, or individuals, who will so "kiss the hand that so unfairly slaps them and their people squarely in the mouth" by denying them citizen-rights so freely accorded all other residents of the community, ought to be labeled and banned from the community. The Cleveland Daily Press should help to do this rather than "pat them on the back" for assuming a traitorous attitude toward their own people. One of the results of the campaign now on, that is going to be most encouraging, will be the exposition of the fact that the twelve Negro minister "Round Robin" signers are not leaders of their own churches, to say nothing of being leaders of our people in this community. Harry C. Smith THOSE "ROUND ROBIN" SIGNERS Following are the names of the twelve "Negro" ministers of Cleveland, who, the local daily papers announced, recently, had signed that "round robin" against the Charter Amendment: Revs. Russell S. Brown, D. O. Walker, L. H. Brown, Ernest Hall, C. R. Jones, J. E. Wilson, C. D. Patterson, R. W. Watson, C. H. Crable, J. P. Foote, C. L. Jefferson and S. Grannum. We have seen nothing, in the last two weeks, from any of them denying that they have so flagrantly insulted the intelligence, loyalty and common-sense of our people of this community. So, we are justified in believing that those named did sign it. What a travesty upon Christianity and race loyalty! Here are twelve "Negro" pastors who urge our people to support the manager plan which also means endorse the five and one-half year administration of City Manager Wm. R. Hopkins, in the face of the fact that both plan and manager are positive detriments to our people's progress in this community. Under the plan, Manager Hopkins increased the bonded indebtedness of this city over thirty million dollars during his first four years in office, and at last fall's election secured twenty-two million more of bonds, making a total, to date, of fifty-two millions! This is an added burden, entirely too heavy, for the poor people, home-owners and tenants who also pay taxes, to bear. What is far more important to our people of Cleveland than the foregoing is that the city manager defiantly denies our people only, of all the residents of this city, rights and privileges in that public institution, the City Hospital; has permitted mobs to all but kill a number of our people who sought to use the Woodland Hills bath house and bath pool; termed our people who came to Cleveland from the South during the inflow of ten years ago, a MENACE to the community; steadily refuses us the recognition we are entitled to in city hall appointments, and in a number of other ways grossly discriminates against us! If the manager plan is retained, Hopkins will be continued in office. No one questions this fact. And yet, in the face of the foregoing and much more, if you please, twelve "Negro" ministers, at the behest of wealthy people of the community, are alleged to have signed a "round robin" urging our people to support the inimical manager-plan and Color-Line City Manager Hopkins. LORD, HAVE MERCY! Subscribe Now TIERS AND TIERS, PLUS SCALLOPS, ACHIEVE A GRACEFUL SILHOUETTE 1920s UNDERWOOD & UNDERWOOD IF TIERED, if scalloped, if faunding a dip-to-the-back hemline, if the matching coat be a thing of grace and beauty, then if feided is fashion's ideal attained—speaking of the all-georgette ensembles which are so modish for evening or for afternoon wear on a summer day. The model in the picture possesses all these virtues and therefore it qualifies as ultra-feminine as well as ultra-chic. After all, is there any fabric more delightful for summer wear than georgette? It is dressy, it is lovely to the eye, it is practical, it is economical. In fact georgette is everything it should be, and those who sing its praises loudest are those who have realized its good qualities through putting it to the test. Now that georgette and allied weaves are being made up into coat-and-frock costumes, women of fashion have found the solution to most of their problems in regard to "dressy" dress yet not too dressy for the occasion. In the designing of these now-sofashionable georgette ensembles stylists play up two themes mainly—color LACE OF ONE COLO WITH LACE C LACE of one color combined with lace of another, is fashion's latest interpretation of the beautiful. The featuring of color contrast is an oft recurring theme this season in the fabric realm, however, applied to lace, the idea takes on a "something different" aspect. In developing the lovely gown in the picture the designer allies lustrous old rose allover rayon lace with lace in a dregs-of-wine shade. The model would be equally as attractive in black and white or in two tones of the same color, such as navy with a lighter blue, dark gray with pale gray, beige with eggshell fint, or many other equally effective combinations. Many clever things are being done with lace by those who have an eye for the artistic. Insets of lace or of chiffon in contrasting color are extremely decorative and inspire the designer to accomplish interesting trimming effects. Another elaboration of the lace theme is that of handpainting it. Sometimes the idea is carried out by tinting in the background, thus accenting the floral patterning or motif of whatever type. It's really worth while to try this, if not for an entire dress and fabric manipulation. The model pictured typifies the ingenious handling given to materials this season. As to color trends perhaps the most distinguished among this season's georgette ensemble are those carried out in pale gray. There's a subtle refinement and exquisite air about these soft sheer gray ensembles which is most beguiling. If fancy runs to gayer hues, blues from light to dark strike a most popular note. Just now all violet tones are in the limelight. The color scheme carries throughout the entire costume from hat to boutonniere and in some instances purple-toned shoes add the final complementary note, for colorful kid footwear is quite a fad just now, especially with the younger set. In regard to the dainty coats which accompany the frocks of georgette, some of the tailored models are self-lined, which gives them desirable weight, and a fine finesse in that unsightly seams and hems are overcome. JULIA BOTTOMLEY. (∈ 1929. Western Newspaper Union.) R IS COMBINED F ANOTHER COLOR UNITARWOOD & HIDERWOOD at least for a lace capetel to be worn with sleeveless frocks. These are liquid fast-color paints which can be obtained at any art store, and which can be used successfully on chiffon and laces. Sometimes instead of painting in a background, the reverse process is employed. That is certain flowers or motifs are selected and these are touched up with color with charming results. Many of the French laces are interworked with fine tulle backgrounds. That is, these laces come that way, and are not the result of individual workmanship. It seems as if the world of fashion cannot get enough of lace this season. Not only lace evening gowns and wraps crowd the picture, but the ensemble entirely of lace is outstanding for formal afternoon wear. In fact, the sleeveless lace dress with a matching coat serves for both daytime and evening, for the wrap need not be worn at all times. An economical plan is to have made a pair of detachable sleeves which can be snapped into the gown in readiness should occasion arise. JULIA BOTTOMLEY, ( @1928 Western Newspaper Union.) GAZETTE who might Su BalearicIsles LA PILIPLA today, but once when that inland sea was the center of world culture these isles throbbed with life and activity. There are five main islands in this Spanish group, and several islets. They are ruled as a military district, but the mother country has been wise enough to recruit the soldiers needed for discipline from among the islanders themselves, thus insuring a sympathetic rule. Majorca is the main island. It is a delightful spot, not very well known even to Spaniards and almost wholly missed by the stream of outside tourists that courses through other parts of the Mediterranean. The island is almost square, about forty miles along each side, and lies as though hanging by a cord from the eastern end of the Pyrenees by one corner. Thus a corner points in each of the cardinal directions, while the sides are exposed to the northeast, the northwest, the southwest and the southeast. Along the northwest side, which faces Spain, is a high mountain range whose loftiest peaks, nearly a mile high, bear patches of snow in winter. But even in the summer their tops are gleaming white, for they are of marble and the crests of many are devoid of vegetation. The lesser peaks and shoulders are clad in a mantle of dark green pines while lower are groves of lex and flowering shrubs. On the gentler slopes of this northern coast and in its valleys man has placed vineyards and orange and olive groves. The whole panorama, sweeping from the blue sea through varying greens to the shining white peaks, makes a picture of incomparable loveliness. It is south of the mountains that Majorca's garden spot is found, and the fertile plain that sweeps off from the foot of the range to the hills that rim the southeastern side of the island is called just that, the "Huerta." This level region supports many thousands of acres of almond and apricot trees, and in the spring is a vast sea of blossoms. Among the trees gardens are cultivated and grass is grown for pasturage. The hills that rim the plain have been terraced for centuries and on them rise tier after tier of grape vines and olive trees. Palma Has an Ancient Site. Palma, the capital of Majorca, lies in a broad bay that indents the southwestern side of the island just south of the high mountains. A city has existed there probably since the days of Carthage when colonists from that African empire occupied Majorca; but there is little evidence now of anything but Spanish influence. Scattered about the city are numerous interesting old palaces of the leading island families—one at least for almost every street. The population is about equal to that of Mobile, Ala., or Portland, Malne. Majorca, like the Spanish mainland, was overrun by the Moors. For 500 years they held the island with Palma (then Mallorca) a flourishing Moorish city. It was a thorn in the side of the Spanish Christian kingdoms, however, for the Majorcan Moors became practical in the Twelfth century and no Christian ship was safe. King Jayme I of Aragon organized a strong expedition which sailed from near Barcelona in 1229, and after a siege, captured Palma. Soon the whole island was subdued and divided among Jayme's knights and soldiers. It has remained Spanish ever since and there is no trace of Moorish blood among its inhabitants. The Spanish Majorcans followed in the footsteps of their Moorish predecessors in so far as developing nautical ability was concerned. As traders they rivaled the Genoese for a time and once dominated the entire western Mediterranean, controlling Sicily, Sardinia, Corsica, Malta and the Balearics. Palma had a great dockyard for galleys. In the middle of the Fourteenth century more than 30,000 sailors and 460 vessels were in the Majorcan service. The Majorcan navy constituted one of Christendom's chief bulwarks against the ravages of the Barbary pirates. Minorca Looks Very English. During their prime as merchant shippers, the Majorcans were famous as the leading geographers of Europe. They invented crude but effective instruments of navigation and drew the most reliable charts then known. Minorca is the easternmost and second largest of the Balearic islands. No one visiting Majorca or Iviza, island islands, would doubt their Spanish ownership once he mingled with the inhabitants or studied the architecture of their buildings. But Minorca, although ruled by the Spanish king and but 27 miles east of Majorca, differs from its neighbor islands. Except in a few spots, its people and its buildings would fit an English village outside of London. Owing to early British occupation, Miss Minorca stays at home, while her Spanish sisters work side by side in the fillets with their husbands; and instead of the soft oxlide Spanish sandal the Minorca maid wears shoes. And proudly she tells how Lord Nelson, during the war with France, came to Mahon, Minorca's capital, seized and lived in a mansion house overlooking Mahon's fine harbor. In the protected inlets around the island are small fishing villages, made spotless by frequent coats of whitewash. Back of these villages the natives raise sufficient wheat for home consumption. Wine, olive oil, potatoes, hemp and flax are produced in moderate quantities; melons, pomegranates, figs and almonds are abundant; some cattle, sheep and goats are reared; and were it not for the scarcity of fuel, the lead, copper, and iron deposits could be profitably worked. Near Mercadal there are fine marble, limestone and slate quarries. Incidentally Mercadal is the ancestral home of Admiral Farragut. In the Eighteenth century the British built a road from Ciudadela on the northwest coast to Mahon on the southeast coast. Travelers enjoy beautiful panoramas where some energetic Minorcan has taken pride in its estate, but unkempt spots are numerous. Stone monuments, caves, and historic relics have been discovered, but one has to penetrate deep into the fields and byways to find them. Ancient, windowless stone structures are found in the interior. Pottery and other antiquities are frequently unearthed by the natives. Scientists could, perhaps, trace their origin to prehistoric times or to the time when the Phoenicians, Greeks, Romans or Arabs occupied the island. Many of the stone monuments are failing to pieces and some of the pottery and historic implements now adorn stone walls where they were carelessly thrown by their finders. Mahon Lacks Spanish Color. Minorca could be expanded four times its natural size and then not match the area of Rhode Island. Its population could be housed in a small American city. More than half of the Majorscans live in Mahon, the capital, the most English spot on the island. From the steamship, the city has a Spanish aspect, with church beffries dominating the panorama. But in the streets, which rise terrace above terrace up the cliff side, English influence prevails. There is little Spanish color. Shining brass fixtures, square-paned windows with white frames, and unshuttered windows during the day time are decidedly un-Spanish. At the other end of the British-made road, Ciudadela, while not as Spanish as Palma, Majorca, is not as English as Mahon. Like Mahon, it occupies the side of a cliff overlooking a fine harbor. Many of its buildings are whitewashed and even the nearby rocks are frequently given white coats along with the houses; but here and there a dab of color—pink, blue, green or yellow—and an occasional iron grill galchion lend a Spanish touch. The easy-going life of the Latin prevails in Ciudadela more than in Mahon. One of the most exciting events at Ciudadela is the arrival of boats from the other Balearic islands or from Barcelona. Minorca's authentic history begins with the arrival of Mago, brother of Hannibal, in 210 B. C. He founded Mahon. The island was the cause of frequent conflicts between European sovereigns and the scene of pirate raids for centuries. Under British rule, Minorca prospered from the early part of the Eighteenth century until the Seven Years' war. The ownership of the little island also was involved in the American Revolution when the French and Spanish captured it while England was busy overseas. Sixteen years later, at the beginning of the long struggle with Napoleon, the British again captured Minorca and it remained British until 1802 when, under the Peace of Amiens, it passed to Spain.