The Pioneer Press

The Pioneer Press. "HERE SHALL THE PRESS, THE PEOPLE'S RIGHTS MAINTAIN, UNAWED BY INFLUENCE AND UNBRIBED BY GAIN" ESTABISHED 1882 OLD TIME BATTLES. They Were Mere Skirmishes When Compared With Modern War. In the light of modern warfare the old time battles shrink to the proportions of ordinary street brawls. The opposing armies were usually arrayed in lines within hearing of one another. Frequently the actual combat was preluded by an exchange of opprobrious profanity in order to get up the proper sentiment of "holy wrath," which was considered an indispenable element in a soldier's efficiency. Alexander the Great conquered the orient with only 35,000 men. On a still smaller scale the great battles of Israel appear to have been conducted, as told in the Bible accounts. For instance, in the fight against Gideon the Israelites are said to have suffered severe losses—to wit, thirty men. The Egyptian army which invaded Palestine and subjugated the whole country counted barely 5,000 soldiers. Saul confronted his Palestine adversaries with an "army" of 600, which in the course of time was increased to 1,000 after the "militarists" of those days had persuaded the authorities to provide a reserve force, a sort of "landsturm," of 400 warriors brave and bold. King David's military establishment did not exceed his predecessor's in numbers. According to the first book of Kings, however, King Ahab must have been pretty much of a war lord, judging by the standard of olden times. In his army were 7,000 soldiers and a constabulary force of 230 men.—Argonaut. EASY COFFEE GROWING The Plant Flourishes With Little or No Attention In Haiti. Coffee, the great staple product of Haiti, the West Indian island, grows with little attention. It supplies the bulk of the revenues of the government, together with the meager demands of the simple peasantry of the mountains and valleys whose business it is, especially the women and children, to gather it and bring it to the seaport towns on their heads and on the backs of donkeys and horses. This plant is seen on nearly all the uplands and mountain sides of the country, and as the product is easily portable it is brought to market from far and near in all conceivable quantities, from one or two pounds up to 200 pounds, accordingly as it is carried on the head of a child, the back of a horse or in sacks in ox carts. Notwithstanding that the coffee plant is scarcely cultivated at all it goes on reproducing itself from fallen berries so successfully that the crop only varies from year to year through extraneous influences like a variation in the rainfall—the lack of or too abundant rain near or during the flowering season.—London Telegraph. Fortifications of New York Harbor. The narrow approaches to the harbor of New York have made the fortification of it a simpler matter than usual. On Sandy Hook is Fort Hancock, with an artillery garrison; on the Narrows, Fort Wadsworth, artillery garrison; on the Staten Island side, Fort Tompkins; across the Narrows, Fort Hamilton. The older Fort Lafayette, between Forts Hamilton and Wadsworth, is now used as a storehouse. On Governors island are Fort Jay, infantry, important barracks and the New York arsenal of the ordnance department. Castle Williams is now a military prison. Fort Totten, artillery post, is on Willet's Point, and directly across from this battery is Fort Schuyler. On Sandy Hook is the proving ground of the ordnance department. A signal corps is stationed at Fort Wood, Bedloe's island.—New York Times. Information Wanted. Will some one please give a hint in regard to the whereabouts and the welfare of the family? This honored institution began to disappear a generation or so ago, just about the time that the dissipation of inconveniences attendant upon the rearing of children made families feasible. Ever since the passing away of one room log cabins, abject poverty, home grown wearing apparel and common sense the family has been losing weight and numbers. Its recent complete withdrawal from society has caused grave concern among those who favor the further propagation of the species. If the family will kindly come back and re-establish itself among the race of men no questions will be asked and none answered.-Judge. No Such Person. "The trouble with you," her husband said, "is that you make mountains out of molehills." "I don't do anything of the kind," she replied. "I want you to understand that my mother brought me up to be a lady, and I know nothing at all about housework. I never made a mountain out of a mole hill in my life. I am perfectly helpless in a kitchen."—New York American. Pepper The value of pepper was known of old. We read that when Rome had to be ransomed from the barbarian conqueror in the year 400 Alaric demanded 3,000 pounds of pepper among the payments and that Hippocrates used it in medicine, applying it to the skin. A Follower. Caller—The minister's son is following in the footseps of that spendthrift young Jinks. Miss Prim—Isn't that scandalous? Caller—Hardly as bad as that. You see, he's a tailor and is just trying to collect his bill.—Exchange. The Scorpion's Wonderful Ear: The Scorpion's Wonderful Ear. I have studied the habits of the scorpion for many years and have often noticed how very sensitive scorpions are to the most delicate sound, musical or otherwise. Under the thorax the scorpion has two comblike appendages, which are the antennae (pectinatae). It is pretty well settled by physiologists and entomologists that in insects the antennae represent the organs of hearing. These delicate structures are easily affected by the vibrations of sound, and there can be no doubt whatever that they are also affected by sounds quite inaudible to the human ear. The slightest vibration of the atmosphere from any cause whatever at once puts in motion the delicate structures which compose the antennae, to which organs insects owe the power of protecting themselves against danger as well as the means of recognizing the approach of one another.—London Spectator. Dutch Barges In the Thames. For more than two centuries there have always been some big, broad sterned Dutch boats lying in the Thames river, with baggy trousered Dutchmen smoking on board, quite calmly. It is the reminiscence of a Dutch conquest. Those boats have moored there, with their eels for London ever since William III, gave them the right of traffic. And if there wasn't a Dutch boat for a single second just below London bridge the ancient rights would be lost. But you will always find the calm Dutchman smoking on his "pitch."—Westminster Gazette. Held Responsible. "That dog of yours seems to have human intelligence." "He ain't that lucky," answered the proprietor of the dog. "If he was to lose his temper an' turn hisself loose to hurt somebody he wouldn't have a chance in the world of pleading insanity."—Washington Star. Cynical. The Maid-I found a four leaved clover this morning. There is an old saying that the finder will be married within a year. The Bachelor-Indeed! I was under the impression that the finding of a four leaved clover was an omen of good luck.-Indianapolis Star. Its Class. "Is this a first class postoffice?" inquired the stranger. "It's as good as you'll find in these parts," retorted the native, with justifiable local pride.—Buffalo Express. Frugality is founded on the principle that all riches have limits. Burke To travel hopefully is better than to arrive, and the true success is to labor.—Robert Louis Stevenson. SHRAPNEL SHELLS. Various Types In Use and the Mass of Bullets They Carry. Most nations are agreed that the three inch shrapnel is the most effective for killing men in modern warfare. The three inch type, which is almost universally used, contains from 210 to 360 half inch lead bullets, bunched together in the front part of the shell. A time fuse, which is made with the accuracy of a watch, is graduated in seconds and is set to explode at a give-age as determined by the artillerymen. The velocity of the shell may be gathered from the fact that it travels a mile in four seconds and within a quarter of a minute is four miles from the mouth of the gun. At any time during this rapid flight the shell can be made to explode with marvelous precision and deadly effectiveness, driving its bullets in a cone shaped shower down on the heads of the enemy. A remarkable fact regarding these shells is that the velocity of the bullets when the shell explodes exceeds the velocity of the shell at the time of the explosion by from 250 to 300 feet per second, the bullets of a bursting shell covering a zone about thirty yards wide and 250 yards long. Shrapnel shells used by different governments at the present time all operate on the same principle, but differ somewhat as to size and the arrangements of the fuse.—Pearson's Weekly. NAVAL SIGNALING It Began In Ancient Days by Raising and Lowering Sails. The origin of the idea of using flags by day and lanterns by night for signaling in the navy came into being as far back as the middle ages. In those ancient days some one thought out a method of raising and lowering sails, the number of times they were raised or lowered indicating the letter that was to be sent. That proved very wearisome work and was superseded in the seventeenth century by the use of balls and cones hoisted in various positions on the masts and booms. At night different colored lanterns were used. In the following century twelve flags were used, either singly or in combination, and these flags supplied all the signaling that was necessary in fighting, as "Make all sail," "Engage the enemy," "Chase the enemy" or "Anchor." When the battle of Trafalgar was fought the signals were sent by light, guns and flares and flags, and it was not till after that battle that the system, invented by Sir Home Popham, was used and on which are based the present day methods of signaling. The system of signaling from ship to ship by semaphore was due to a Frenchman named Chappe in 1794 and adopted in the British navy a few years later.—London Telegraph. A Dreadful Mistake. Glympe (in railway carriage)—This is a splendid book, a masterpiece. I recommend you to buy it. Gumph—I wonder how it is selling. Glympe—It is selling in thousands. Can't publish it fast enough. I'm the publisher so I ought to know. Gumph—I'm so glad to hear you say that, because I am the author. Glympe (suddenly collapses)—Well—er—er—that is, it may sell fast. But there are very serious risks." (Swoons away.)—London Mail She Valued Her Head Henry VIII, after the death of Jane Seymour had some difficulty in getting another wife. His first offer was to the dowager Duchess of Milan, but her answer is said to have been: "I have only one head. If I had two one should certainly be at his service." His Feat. "Your friend had quite an acrobatic promotion." "How's that?" "Went up over a lot of other people's heads."—Baltimore American Still on High. "And yet when I left the earth all the wiseacres said I would come down like a stick," she cried.—New York Sun. COINS FOR OTHER LANDS. South American Money is Made In Our Mints at Cost Price. "Made-In the United States" might in all truth be stamped on the coins of nearly a dozen of the countries of Latin America in which a shopper would try in vain to buy merchandise bearing that slogan, for, though the United States does not ship great amounts of goods to the countries between the Rio Grande river and Cape Horn, it does supply them with a large part of their money, says the Washington Star, and this, in spite of the Spanish phrases and foreign emblems that it bears, is the product of Uncle Sam's own mints. Since the authorization to coin money for foreign countries was given to the mints by congress in January, 1874, more than 100,000,000 pieces of gold, silver and baser metals have been minted for countries in North, South and Central America and the West Indies and for Hawaii before its annexation. All foreign minting by the United States is done at a price that Just covers the cost. There are two reasons for the government engaging in the business. It puts this country in a position to do neighborly acts, and it allows us to keep our coining equipment and force of operatives busy during periods when it would otherwise be necessary to suspend operations. The decreasing need for mints with our vast accumulations of coins, the growth of banking and the use of paper money is shown by the fact that of the seven mints that have been in existence in the history of the country only three are now equipped for turning out coins, the others having been either abandoned or turned into assay offices. DIVORCE IN SCANDINAVIA It Is Very Easy to Obtain, and It Does Not Cost Anything. In Scandinavia divorce by mutual consent is the recognized way. And husband and wife may reach this agreement when neither has violated any marital obligation. The law, you see, does not require them to wait until one has wronged the other. But when they have reached the point where they two know that their real union is ended they may secure a divorce for the asking. It doesn't cost anything. There is not even a lawyer needed. The process is simple. You notify a magistrate that you are separating. You are not required to go into details. You don't have to spread your marital troubles on court records and newspaper pages. One reason is as sufficient here as when you entered into matrimony. You simply state that you no longer wish to continue the marriage. The one party to the contract goes away for a year—in Finland it is for only three months. At the end of the period the magistrate hands you the papers that dissolve the marriage as quietly as it was made. If, as rarely happens, mutual consent through the refusal of one of the contracting parties cannot be secured the process is a little longer, the probationary period of one year being extended to two. But there is always a way out. Sweden has no less than twelve grounds for divorce. It is accomplished in as dignified a way as any other partnership might be dissolved.—Mabel Potter Daggett in Pictorial Review Baths In Finland One of the greatest trials a visitor in Finland has to endure is a Finnish bath. The method of procedure is unique. Divested of outer clothing and attired in a light and airy cotton garment, you are slung in a sort of hammock composed of cord above a large receptacle like the boilers in public laundries. This is almost filled with cold water, into which at the right moment is flung a large redhot brick or piece of iron, which, of course, causes an overwhelming rush of steam to ascend and almost choke you. Then when that process has gone on sufficiently long you are shaken out of your hammock, immersed in cold water, and after very drastic treatment you resume your riment, sadder and wiser than before your novel experience. Josh Billings used to say that when a man begins going downbill all creation seems greased for the occasion. NO. 27. ELLA'S MORNING L.DE. When Red Tape Taught the Coachman a Lesson In Manners. The late H. B. Claflin, who was one of the great merchants of the last generation, lived for many years at Klugsbridge, then one of the suburbs of New York. It was his whim to have each morning before breakfast a drink of cold water fresh from the spring near the house. One very rainy morning the pitcher was not in its usual place, and he asked the waitress why it was missing. "Why, Mr. Clatlin," she said, "it was raining so hard and is so muddy that I was afraid if I went after the water I should be too soiled to wait on the table. I asked Michael to get it for me, but he said it was his business to look after the horses and carriages, not to run errands." "Oh!" said Mr. Clatlin thoughtfully. "Perhaps he is right, Ella. Please tell him I want the victoria." Ten minutes later, with much trampling of hoofs and champing of bits, the carriage drew up at the door, with Michael on the box in his rubber coat and hat cover. "Come, Ella," said Mr. Clatlin, "get your pitcher," and taking her by the arm he walked down the front steps and helped her into the carriage. "Michael," said he, "drive Ella to the spring and back, so she can get me some water without muddying herself." Ever after Michael used to fill the pitcher on rainy mornings without even waiting to be asked. Youth's Companion. POOR PULLMAN PORTERS. Come to Think of It, Their Jobs Are Not Such Easy Ones. George or Lemuel or Alexander of the Pullman car—whatever the name may be—has no easy job. If you do not believe that go upstairs some hot summer night to the rear bedroom—that little room under the blazing the roof which you reserve for your relatives—and make up the bed fifteen or twenty times, carefully unmaking it between times and placing the clothes away in a regular position. Let your family nag at you and criticise you during each moment of the job, while somebody plays an obligato on the electric bell and places shoes and leather grips underneath your feet. Imagine the house is bumping and rocking—and keep a smiling face and a courteous toque throughout all of it! Or do this on a bitter night in mid- winter, and between every two or three makings of the bed in the overheated room slip out of a linen coat and into a fairly thin serge one and go and stand outside the door from three to ten minutes in the snow and cold. In some ways this is one of the hardest parts of George's job. Racially the negro is peculiarly sensitive to pneumonia and other pulmonary diseases. Yet the rules of a porter's job require that at stopping stations he must be outside of the car—no matter what the hour or condition of the climate—smiling and ready to say: "What space you got, guv'nor'?"—Edward Hungerford in Saturday Evening Post. Pasteur's Tribute to Lister. Of all the tributes to the genius of Lord Lister, the discoverer of antiseptic surgery, probably the most touching was that paid to him by Pasteur, the famous French scientist. At a meeting of savants in Paris many years ago Lord Lister was present, and his brilliant achievements were explained to the audience by Pasteur. As he progressed in his speech he became more and more emotional, and at last he was so carried away by his own eloquence that the tears stood in his eyes. Finally he stepped down from the platform, took Lord Lister, who was in the front row of the audience, by both hands, led him back on to the platform and kissed him on both cheeks, after the manner of the French, in full view of the assembly. Few could have looked on unmoved at the great Frenchman's act of homage to the distinguished English surgeon. A lie always has a certain amount of weight with those who wish to believe it.—Rice. Entered in Post Office at Martinsburg, W. Va. as Second Class Matter, J. H. Clifford, Editor and Proprietor, Drawer 869, and Bell 'Phone 60K, Martinsburg, W. Va. "Once again, thank God for Wilson"—Wheeling Register. Negroes are hungry, but they can't join you in swallowing such soup. The Wheeling Register congratulates itself in the assertion that jewelers will never induce red-blooded Americans to wear watches on their wrists. Does the Register think those of black blood will? Can the Register, or any other person tell the color of people by their blood? True however, they may not wear watches on their wrists, but about five hundred years ago, the fathers of these superior red-blooded Americans, wore brass collars around their necks with their masters' names carved on them. With its issue of July 31, 1915, The Gazette entered upon its thirty-third year of continuous publication, every week on time. Having been in the editorial "harness" so long we feel like the dean of the Afro-American press.-Cleveland, Ohio Gazette. If the deanship goes to age, this paper, established March 2, 1882, and entered on its 34th year last March, it belongs to us, but, since you have been so faithful and done so much at your editorial desk and in the Ohio legislature, we are willing to cast the first vote that you have and hold the deanship, not for age, but better, for services rendered, and that nobly. The Pionëer Press never thought well of the primary system. The old patriotic method of nominating candidates was and is the best way in the world to select the best men. As it is, persons unknown except on paper, are voted for with no known merits. But when men come together in conventions and merit is thundered to the four winds of this broad land, the public knows who's who. As for fraud, there is no better method. By all means go back to the statesmanly way of nominating candidates. Because men know men throughout the States and know their worth so well, that their defense by honest men with souls burning for right, demonstrate their latent powers as nothing else can. As to the old time simple ballot short and to the point, gives the poor honest toiler, who may not be so well educated, a correct idea of what he is doing. As it is, it is nothing less than a puzzle, that many supposedly educated voters get into hot-water. It is alleged that Secretary Marsh is determined to make war on illiteracy in this state. Good thing if done right. Bad thing if done wrong. To do it right, that is to please God, is to show no partiality, except to do more for colored children than for white. Why? Because by bad laws they have been ignored—many never, owing to only a few living here and there, not allowed to go to school. And for no other reason: those who have to go to one horse schools, are not allowed to go to high schools and from there to our State University partly a government school, and opened to all by the Constitution. All colored people are expected to obey the laws; are taxed equally along with all other citizens, punished if they do wrong, sentenced and hung if the crimes are felonious. How can they measure up to useful men and women, if education fits the whites for it, and is excluded to them? If Mr. Marsh really believes colored people, every one of whom has his peoples' blood in them, are God's outcasts, he will sin not to ignore them, but if he believes God is just, and that Negro children are His as well as the whites, and that heaven is for all who do right, and the better all are prepared to live the better they are prepared to die, then if he improves the whites and neglects the colored, woe be to Mr. Marsh. HONEST PRESS CRITICISM If the Ogden contempt case is to be made a precedent, it seems that our newspapers must be most circumspect as to any and all comments they may be moved to make on cases that may be under consideration by a federal court, no matter how nearly such a case may concern the dignity and power of the state government, and no matter what provocation of unwarranted attack on that power and dignity may have been made by a foreign corporation seeking to nullify the decree of one of the state's important agencies of government. It is to be hoped that the outcome in the Ogden case will be as clear a vindication of the freedom of the press to utter honest criticism as to matters of public interest as was the outcome in the Barnes-Roosevelt case. Mr. Ogden deserves the support and appreciation of the people of the state generally and in particular the support of the inhabitants of the northern counties who were given a reduction in their gas rates, which prompted a malicious and scandalous attack from the gas company because of such reduction, which attack has been continued unrelenting in a despicable attempt to discredit and destroy the influence of those public officials who were alert to the interests of the people. No one is more deserving of hearty support of the public than Mr. Ogden, who, through his Wheeling newspapers, has exposed to public gaze the means and methods of big business interests "to get" men who happen to stand in their way. It would be a matter of astonishment if the gas company agents would be enabled to use our courts to prosecute fearless editors, who cannot be controlled or bought. The outcome of the proceedings against Editor Ogden, who has been fighting the Manufacturers' Light and Heat Company because of its arbitrary acts and purposes, will be awaited with no little interest. Much, indeed depends upon whether or not it can give further evidence of its powerful influence. Charleston Post. LENGTH OF LIFE INCREASED Dr. Victor C. Vaughn's assurance that the average length of life in the United States has been increased ten years since 1880 makes cheerful reading. Coming from a man who has been president of the American Medical Association, the information is doubtless exact, but it may be easily misunderstood. Doctor Vaughn does not mean that ten years have been added to the ordinary man's life. On the contrary, there are plenty of figures to prove that life has been cut short rather than lengthened from the station fifty years and onward. The so-called diseases of maturity have been making sad havoc among our elderly men of late, and nothing has happened to check the loss. The gain of ten years to which Doctor Vaughn refers has been effected by saving the lives of children who would formerly have perished of preventable diseases. Each child thus saved increases the average length of life, though mature persons go on dying prematurely, just as they did before. Statistics are sometimes very delusive. The rapid extinction of our elderly men with the rescue of young children from untimely death is filling the country with a comparatively youthful population. The phalanx in the neighborhood of 40 years is increasing rapidly. That between 50 and 60 is diminishing in proportion to the whole number. This is not as it should be. The mature man who has outlived the competitive struggle for success and has leisure to serve the public is perhaps the most valuable figure in our national life.—Portland Oregonian. CHILD LOST IN DESERT. Piloting himself through the unmarked mountain ravines, sand drifts and washes of the Mojave desert, Frank Scott, 3 years, who was lost, reached home alone and unhurt. Threading his way safely through ten miles of a country infested with mountain lions, catamounts and coyotes, the child missed scores of men out searching for him and reaching the house of his mother, widow of a rancher, and finding it deserted, he undressed and went to bed. The mother, returning home before dawn, exhausted from a search lasting more than thirty-six hours and covering miles of desert country, found the child peacefully asleep in his cradle bed. "Very tired," he murmured, when she took him up in her arms, and then went to sleep. The child was out with his mother on a wood hunting expedition eight miles from home. He was playing among some mountain boulders when last seen. Within twenty minutes Mrs. Scott missed him. Then began a frantic search. The country is much broken and the hunt was in vain, and Mrs. Scott summoned every desert resident she could find. Many men went from here to join the search and a bloodhound was brought by Sheriff McLain, of San Bernardino. The search was kept up a day and a night by nearly 200 men, Mrs. Scott leading one party herself. And all the while the child, seemingly guided by a kindly fate, was making his own way home by paths that only his own baby feet knew, for not one among the searchers saw even a footprint of his homeward trail.—Victorville (Cal.) Dispatch. LEAVES ARE TURNING Autumn, officially speaking, is two weeks away, but she has sent her sign painters in advance to announce her coming. Take a run out in the Park, and you'll see here and there a tree whose leaves are touched with yellow and red. Go further out of the city for a spin along a mountain road, and high up on the hillside you'll see a yellow spot standing out prominently in a field of deep green. Yes, the leaves are beginning to turn. Many persons suppose that the leaves depend on the frost for their autumn hues, but this belief is false on the face of it; else where there are no frosts there would be no colored leaves. The leaves virtually turn and die of old age. That's why you'll find some trees turning earlier than others. The sap leaves the foliage earlier and goes down through the branches to the trunk and roots. Like hair, which turns gray when the coloring matter goes out of it, so the leaves turn yellow when the sap descends. Among the trees which color early in the season are the gums and the tulips, which you've noticed probably in the parks. In the woods certain poplars take on a yellow tinge about this time of the year, and also the red maples. Now and then you may see another kind of tree turning easily. If you examine it, you'll find probably that a borer or some other insect has found its way under the bark and is sapping the tree's vitality. SIMPLE TREATMENT FOR LOCK LAW. In connection with the treatment of tetanus or lockjaw, a disease that has proved to be the greatest menace of all to soldiers wounded in the European war, an apparatus has been developed which is apparently certain to come into general use in cases where it is necessary to resort to artificial respiration. This apparatus is not used in the treatment of tetanus, but in preventing one of the medicines used in the treatment from proving fatal. Tetanus can only be treated successfully by means of antitetanus serum. It takes this serum several hours to act and in the meantime the victim is in danger of dying from the violent convulsions that accompany the disease. To provide relief from the convulsions and thus keep the victim alive until the serum has time to act, a solution of epsom salts injected under the skin, into a vein, or into the mucous membrane of the spinal column, is used, the latter method being imperative if the disease has reached a violent stage. This simple remedy stops the convulsions, but it also causes so complete a relaxation of the muscles that there is danger that the lung muscles will cease to act and the victim will die of suffocation. The new apparatus is designed to produce and maintain artificial respiration until the muscles begin to act and thus make it possible to give as much of the epsom salts as may be necessary.—Popular Mechanics. A NEW DEPARTURE. The North American is going to make a new departure in picture supplements by issuing with its edition of September 19 a wonderfully artistic photogravure print entitled "Family Cares." This is a picture which will appeal to every lover of children and every one who is interested in child life. It represents a little girl clad in her nightie going downstairs with a sick pet. The expression on the child's face shows the real trouble with which her soul is burdened. It is the work of a master artist, and will find instant favor with North American readers. The North American picture policy, which will be followed for several weeks to come, is based upon the idea that a picture worth preservation should be issued in such form as will allow it to be preserved. The print of "Family Careg" is on handsome heavy paper. It is done in the best style of the photogravure art and is ready for framing. It is worthy of a place on the wall of any home. WANTED----A colored woman for first class boarding house, to cook and help generally. Good wages and room furnished. Also want two colored girls to do waiting or help in dining room and do light chambermaid work. Write or come right to work Walter Hartgrove, Jefferson House, Shenandoah Junction, W. Va. WHISPERING CALLERIES Old World Churches With Remarkable Acoustic Properties. The most celebrated whispering gallery is that which surrounds the base of the interior of the dome of St. Paul's cathedral, London. A person speaking near its surface can be heard distinctly by one listening near the smooth wall at the other extremity of the diameter but not elsewhere. In the cathedral of Gloucester a whispering passage leads from one aisle to the opposite behind the east window of the choir. It is seventy-five feet long, six and a half feet high and three feet wide in the form of half an irregular octagon. The walls and ceilings are of freestone, and the slightest whisper travels from end to end. The cathedral of the Taj Mahal in Agra, India, has most marvelous echoes and reverberating qualities, but is scarcely a whispering gallery. The whole cathedral of Girgenti, in Sicily, has this character owing to the peculiar structure of its walls. These remarkable properties also belonged to the "Ear of Dionysius," cut in the rock at Syracuse in the shape of a parabolic curve, ending in an elliptical arch. It is said that the Syrant seated in a small chamber over a hundred feet from the spot occupied by his captives by this means could hear every word spoken by his prisoners.—London Answers. If Animals Could Speak. It is a startling fact that if some animals could tell their life history they would be able to recall events which happened hundreds of years ago. A Russian earl, for instance, would be able to remember, watching with greedy eyes as one by one the French soldiers under Napoleon fell exhausted out of the ranks in their awful retreat from Moscow in 1812. There are crocodiles alive in India today which saw the first English traveler set foot there, while there are whales in the sea which may have skirted the coast of France when it was invaded in 1415. A great many elephants could recall historical events of a hundred years ago, while there are ravens still living whose memory could go back twice that period.—London Answers. Plenty of Room: The young man who writes verses was standing out in the night gazing at the sky when a friend ran across him. "What are you doing—studying astronomy?" "Go away and don't disturb me. I am gazing into infinite distance." "I don't see what satisfaction you find in that." "That's because you never had any experience with editors. You don't know what a comfort it is to find some place where nothing is crowded out for lack of space."—London Tit-Bits. The Amethyst. A good example of one of the ways in which magical properties became attributed to natural objects is the stone known as amethyst. The ancient Indian name of this stone had the sound represented by its present name. In Greek this sound happens to mean "anti-wine;" hence, without more ado, the ancients declared that the amethyst was a preventive of and a cure for drunkenness!—London Mail. Idle Dream. "Poor dad! Sister told him that the girls of her class are going to graduate in dollar gowns." "Well, what about poor dad?" "He thinks a dollar is all he will be called upon to give up."—Kansas City Journal. Expecting Another Drop. Some time ago Mrs. Green cailed on her friend, Mrs. White, and, after clutching, kissing and saying how dreadfully delighted they were to see each other, they turned to the interesting topics of the day. "By the way," said Mrs. Green after a time, "I haven't heard anything about Eva's divorce lately. I wonder what has become of it?" "I heard a few days ago that she had dropped all proceedings," answered Mrs. White. "Dropped all proceedings!" was the wondering rejoinder of Mrs. Green. "You don't really mean it?" "Yes," returned Mrs. White. "Her husband has taken to aeroplaning, and she has decided to let the thing adjust itself."—Philadelphia Telegraph. In Sympathy. The two men had met at a dinner party and were talking in a corner by themselves. "You see that tall woman with the sharp nose and the critical eye?" asked one of them. "Yes," said the other quietly. "Well, I've watched her for quite awhile. She's always got her nose into somebody's business. She's the last woman I'd marry." "Which shows how strangely in sympathy we are," said the other without resentment. "She's the last woman I did marry."—Exchange. SAVED HIMSELF, UNAWARE. Showing How the Eye Sees More Than One Thinks It Does. Writing on psychological subjects in the Ladies' Home Journal, H. Addington Bruce says: "From Dr. A. H. of Pennsylvania, one of our well known psychologists, I have received this impressive piece of testimony to the power of the eye to see more than one consciously apprehends: "Three summers ago, when I was on a visit to my old home town, I took a short cut across familiar fields where a fair growth of weeds covered the ground. I was going along at a rapid gait, with my mind wholly occupied with matters other than my path, when suddenly, quite reflexly, my left foot, instead of going down on the spot where it should, jerked itself over to the left, and I went on fully ten steps before I realized that I had made the sharpest kind of an offset in my path. I wondered what made me do it, turned, retraced my steps and found an adder still coiled and ready to strike, exactly, as I judged, where my foot would have gone." "Dr. A. H., recognizing the correct explanation of his fortunate misstep, adds: "During my boyhood summers I used to go barefooted much of the time. Through sad experiences with stubble fields, brief patches and stony paths I learned automatically to pick my way without giving thought to the matter. As a result, I find myself frequently in my walks avoiding obstacles which at the moment I do not consciously discern." A LESSON FOR THE NURSE. She Didn't Like It When Was Paid In Her Own Coin. A mother overheard her nurse girl talking to the child she was putting to sleep, and among other legends' of the nursery in which she was indulged was this: "If you don't go to sleep this very minute a great, big, awful, black bear, with eyes like coals of fire and sharp, white, cruel teeth, will come out from under the bed and e-a-t-y-o-n-a-l-l up!" The poor little thing nestled down under the clothes to dream of horrid bears eating her up. That night when the stolid nurse had composed herself in her own comfortable bed and had put the light out there came a sudden rap at the door, and the voice of the mistress called loudly through the panels: "Maggie! Maggie! Get up as quick as you can! There's a burglar under your bed!" At the word "burglar" the girl sprang screaming from the bed, tore open the door and fell into hysteries in the ball. . The lesson was more instructive than the mistress designed, but when the girl's fears had calmed she said to her: "You did not hesitate to tell my delicate child, who could not possibly know that it was a lie, a cruel story about a bear under her bed. Now, when I treat you to the same kind of a story, you are nearly frightened to death. Tomorrow you can go into the kitchen and work there. You are not fit to care for little children."—St. Louis Globe-Democrat. A Curious Experience. Lombroso, the famous Italian criminologist, once had a curious experience. He was in a printing office correcting the proofs in his "Delinquent Man" with the chief reader when on reaching a page which dealt with a young man who, impelled by jealousy, had stabbed his fiancee he made a surprising discovery. The proofreader was this man. "Suddenly," Lombroso said in telling the story, "he threw himself at my feet, declaring that he would commit suicide if I published this story with his name. His face, before very gentle, was completely altered and almost terrifying, and I was really afraid that he would kill himself or me on the spot. I tore up the proofs and for several editions omitted his story." Thunder. Winter thunder is considered throughout Europe to be of very ill omen, but April thunder is considered to be very beneficial. In Devonshire and other cider counties of England there is a saying that "when it thunders in April you must clean up the barrels"—in readiness, that is, for a plentiful crop of apples. The French consider April thunder to be indicative of a good yield from vineyards and cornfields. Hard Water. The streams of water used in hydraulic mining are said to be so swift that if one tried to hack into them with a sword the weapon would fly to pieces. The water is moving so rapidly that it has no time to yield beneath the stroke and in consequence is like a bar of iron. A small bag cannot be made to contain what is large. A short rope cannot be used to draw water from a deep well.—Chinese Proverb. EAST INDIAN IDOLS. Some That Are Guarded and Saluted by British Troops. In India a British guard of honor presents arms to a stone tiger every day. The tiger is regarded by the natives as a god who drives away all danger and calamity, and once some soldiers, in a spirit of mischief, overthrew the image from its resting place and sent it rolling into the valley below. So shocked and scandalized were the natives that a revolt seemed imminent, and Lord Combermere quieted the outraged natives by restoring the image to its pedestal and ordering the regiment to salute it in full view of all. Since that time a British troop has kept watch over the tiger idol day by day. Another Indian idol which is watched over by the British is the god whose name is Kikk Khak, equivalent to "Lord of Lords," which is supposed to be asleep for 6,000 years and whose awakening will be the end of all things. Hence the natives of the city of Pegu, in Burma, are terribly afraid that some one will arouse the god, so the British government, to avert trouble, stationed a sentry there to prevent this catastrophe. Once a year a strange custom is observed in Cairo. A piece of carpet on which, according to tradition, Mahomet once sat and which is the most famous sacred relic of Islam, is carried through the streets, and the khedive and his troops all receive it in review order and salute it as they pass. The relic is guarded most carefully at ordinary times, and the officer in charge of it each morning must salute it with his sword raised, while the bugler blows three blasts before it. —Exchange. SENTRIES FOR CHURCHES. A Custom Forced by Native Feuds In the Melanesian Islands. In the Melanesian islands the natives carry on feuds with a more relentless hatred even than the vendettistes of Corsica. In these islands Christianity has been made, at least in outward aspect, the religion of the people. That it really does mean something to the Melanesian is evidenced by the reply I received from an intelligent old chief when I asked him why he did not become a Christian. So relentlessly are these feuds carried on that it is the custom for a native of wealth with a grievance against another, but who finds it impossible or inexpedient to kill his enemy and secure his head himself, to hire a professional murderer and pay him upon the delivery of the head. Often in the years that are just gone indiscriminate killing went on with such savage persistence that even during church service "pot shots" were taken at marked worshipers through the doors and windows. The situation became so acute in one village that the government was petitioned, and the response was the loan to the missionary of a rifle. The missionary took the hint and armed one of his natives who stood guard outside the church during services. And so it became the fashion on many of the islands to add a sentry to the church rolls.-Cleveland Plain Dealer. How a Coal Fire Protects Itself. A curious way in which a fire in the heart of a coal pile keeps itself from being put out is noted in a mining journal. Such fires often start in the interior of large piles of coal owing to heat developed by slow oxidation, which is prevented by the size of the pile from escaping into the air. Sue's fires are difficult to put out owing to the fact that the burning mass turns the coal around it into coke, which is nearly impervious to water. The pile may thus be thoroughly drenched without putting out the fire, which it never really reaches. The only way to deal with the situation is to drive into the pile a sharpened iron pipe long enough to reach the burning coal and then to couple a hose to the upper end and turn on the water. The Coast Plantation A traveler in South America, where the cocoa tree is largely cultivated, speaks of the great care with which the young plants have to be protected from the sun, which if very strong is fatal to them. To secure this protection the planters shield them by banana trees and plantain trees, the broad leaves of which give them the needed shade. And even when they are fully grown they need protection, which is given by trees known as "immortels," or, as the planters call them, "the mother of the cocoa." Thus the whole cocoa plantation has a sort of canopy. To travel hopefully is better than to arrive, and the true success is to labor.—Robert Louis Stevenson. Testing an Explosive One of the most dangerous of explosives is iodide of nitrogen, a black powder which the slightest touch will often cause to explode when dry with great violence. In experiments to determine the cause of its extreme explosiveness some damp iodide of nitrogen was rubbed on the strings of a bass viol. It is known that the strings of such an instrument will vibrate when those of a similar instrument having an equal tension are played upon. In this case, after the explosive had become thoroughly dry upon the strings, another bass viol was brought near and the strings sounded. As a certain note the iodide of nitrogen on the prepared instrument exploded, it was found that the explosion occurred only when a rate of vibration of弦 a second was communicated to the prepared strings. Vibration of the弦 string caused an explosion, while that of the E string had no effect. The Siamese Topknot A Siamese child, whether boy or girl, wears its hair in a little topknot until it has attained the age of eleven or twelve years. On reaching this age the topknot cutting ceremony takes place. The child is dressed in its best, and/amid much rejoicing of relatives and friends the topknot is cut, one lock at a time. The head is then completely shaved by the priests. All guests invited to the ceremony bring presents, usually money, which is carefully invested for the child by its parents or guardians. A young prince or princess will sometimes receive as much as $25,630 in presents at his or her topknot cutting ceremony, while a poor child may get $10 or $15. Wide World Magazine. The Red Squirrel When the red squirrel begins taping maple trees for the sap the animal makes an incision in the bark and waits until the sap has trickled a shoot distance down the trunk of the tree. He then begins at the bottom of the stream and licks up until he has reached the source of the flow, when she again waits and repeats the performance until satisfied. Difficult Dentistry Pulling a lion's tooth is not easy Ordinarily the beast is tied to the floor of his cage. Then a board is removed from directly under his head. Through this the doctor reaches up with huge forceps and performs the operation. New York Telegram. Right to the Point Magician—I can read minds. Engineer—Yuh ken? Ken yuh read mine? Magician—Certainly. Enzineer—Why don't yuh hit me, then?—New York Globe. In Despair. "Don't you find it an awful expert to have three marriageable daughters on your hands?" "Yes, and the worst of it is I'm going to think they're not marriageable."--Pittsburgh Press The Lacking Stroke. "Do you think it would improve my style?" inquired the varsity man who had got into the crew through favoritism. "if I were to acquire a faster stroke?" "It would improve the crew," replied the candid trainer. "if you got a paralytic stroke."—London Tit-Bits Grim Nickname It is said that a former postmaster general of Guatemala was nicknamed "mata muertos," which is to say "knifer of dead persons." He is supposed to have stabbed the dead body of a murdered president as it lay in the street.—London Telegraph When a Chinaman Lauds The Chinese laugh is not so expressive as the European; it is usually a litter rather than a genuine outburst of merriment.—London Telegraph Tree Leaves and Water Ash leaves are capable of making up more water than those of most other trees. In a hundred pounds of ash leaves are eighty-five of water, in the same weight of beech leaves seventy-five, of maple sixty, of pine fourteen and of fir ten. Naturally So. "She's been so conceited since they managed to get a player piano." "Well, dear, player piano owners do as a general thing put on airs."—Baltimore American No Spik Person. "The trouble with you." her husband said, "is that you make mountains out of molehills." "I don't do anything of the kind," she replied, "I want you to understand that my mother brought me up to be a lady, and I know nothing at all about housework. I never made a mountain out of a mole hill in my life. I am perfectly helpless in a kitchen."—New York American. HUSBAND RESCUED The Marlin Model Repairing Rifle 1897 Shoots all .22 short, .22 long and .22 long-rifle cartridges; excellent for rabbits, squirrels, hawks, crows, foxes and all small game and target work up to 200 yards. Here's the best-name .22 rifle in the world! It's a take-down, convenient to carry and clean. The tool steel working parts cannot wear out. Its heavy Blad and Rocky Mountain sights are the best set ever for mounted on any .22. Has lower action-like a big game rifle, has solid top and sole election for safety and rapid accurate timing. Beautiful face hardened finish and superb lock and balance. Please round barrel, $1,100, octagon, $14,900, qt. Model 1,292, similar, but not take-down prices, $12,15 up. The Marlin Firearms Co, stores postage for the 125-page Marlin catalog. Learn more about all Marlin repeaters. Send 3 stores postage for the 125-page Marlin catalog. Came .to Rescue Caron, Ky.—In an interesting letter from this place, Mrs. Betty Birkett writes as follows: "I suffered for four years, with womanly troubles, and during this time, I could only sit up, for a little while, and could not walk anywhere at all. At times, I would have severe pains in my left side. The doctor was called in, and his treatment relieved me for a while, but I was soon confined to my bed again. After that, nothing seemed to do me any good." Here's the best-made .22 rifle in the world! It's a take-down, convenient to carry and work parts without wear out. Its heavy bolt rights are the best set level for firearms. It has solid top and side construction for beautiful cross-handed finish and compartment bolt. $14.99 extinguisher, $14.99, $14.99, similar. Learn more about all Madden reapers. Send stamps postage for the 125-page Madden catalog. French-American SHUMISTS 408-10 E, Baltimore St. BALTIMORE, MD. What in Baltimore, visit our Free Shipping Mtn. NATURE AS A DESIGNER. If You Need a Model of Equilibrium Study to a course. There was a coining college professor of machine design who was an ordeal in his views as he was done in his subject. One of his pet theories was the interrelation between nature and correct design. "Rows," he would say, "there has been only one designer who have made a mistake, and the tools we study his work the building we use will build. When you put a tool in an machine think of a three or four, and get them as far apart as you can. Don't get too much overhang at the end." "And speaking of a counterbalance, study the cone area. There is no particular advantage of southward in all positions. The theorems may be learnt the more his cone area is covered off the ground. And in applications of general design, whatever position is to work for eims, it is most suitableity. You find very little of the nature in nature, and little of other ways vive a gale by beating, where only ones are blown down." All of which was unceiling very true, and made more of its impression on his hearers than some of the more complicated mathematical constructions that followed. John J. L. Venter in Engineering Science I had gotten so weak I could not stand, and I gave up in despair. At last, my husband got me a bottle of Cardin, the woman's tonic, and I commenced taking it. From the very first dose, I could tell it was helping me. I can now walk two miles without its tiring me, and am doing all my work." If you are all run down from womanly troubles, don't give up in despair. Try Cardin the woman's tonic. It has helped more than a million women, in its 50 years of continuous success, and should surely help you, too. Your druggist has sold Cardin for you. He knows what it will do, with no risk. He will recommend it. Every day Cardin today. Marlin Repeating Rifle 1897 Shoots all .22 short, .22 long and .22 long-rifle cartridges; excellent for rabbits, squirrels, hawks, crows, foxes and all small game and target work up to 200 yards. clean. The tool steel and Rocky Mountain 22. This lever action—like a big safety and rapid automatic firing. and balance. Price: round barrel, but not to down, prices $12.15 up. The Martin Firearms Co. 42 Willow St., New Haven, Conn. 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(Central Standard Time) Connections at Buffalo for Niagara Falls and all Eastern and Canadian points. Railroad tickets reading between Cleveland and Buffalo are good for transportation on our steamers. Ask your ticket agent for tickets via C. & B. Lines. Beautifully colored sections puzzle chart, showing both exterior and interior of The Great Ship "SEEANDBEE" sent on receipt of five cents to cover postage and mailing. Also ask for our 24-page pictorial and descriptive booklet free. THE CLEVELAND & BUFFALO TRANSIT CO., Cleveland, Ohio ```markdown ``` One thousand agents wanted. Good money made. We want agents in every city and village to sell THE STAR HAIR GROWER. This is a wonderful preparation. Can be used with or without straightening irons. Sells for 25c per box—one 25c box will prove its value. Any person that will use a 25c box will be convinced. No matter what has failed to grow your hair, just give THE STAR HAIR GROWER a trip and be convinced. Send 25c for full size box. If you wish to be an agent send $1.00 and we will send you a full supply that you can begin work with at once; also agents' terms. Send all money by money order to The Star Hair Grower Mfr. 113 Clark Street EVANSTON, ILLINOIS Fortunes Made Now In What Was Once Looked Upon as Refuse. A gold mine in a refuse heap may sound strange, but it is a fact, for many things once considered mere waste are now a source of more wealth than an ordinary gold mine would yield. In the earlier days of gas lighting the coal tar was regarded as a horrible nuisance and surreptitiously got rid of. Then the great discovery was made that all the hues of the rainbow dwelt in this dirty looking stuff which men despised and threw away. Today the byproducts of coal tar are counted by the scores. In Lancashire alone cotton waste, once considered rubbish, has an annual value of £15,000,000! It consists of fag ends and sweepings and pickings and combings. Thousands of women are employed to divide this stuff into good, middling and bad, and it is sold at various prices for different purposes — papermaking, matting, surgical wadding and, most of all, the making of shoddy. Soap boilers used to have great difficulty in getting rid of a thick, evil smelling liquid, which was the chief byproduct of their industry. They run it into streams and sewers. Presently some one began collecting it and refining it. The result was pure glycerin.—London Answers. INDIA'S GREAT POET. Plain Living and High Thinking Rule His Existence. In "Rabindranath Tagore," by Basanta Koomar Roy, is this picture of the simple life of the great poet and seer of India, who won the Nobel prize for literature: "Tagore himself lives alone in a house. He gets up with the morning bell, sometimes before, and takes his morning bath, goes on the roof and loses himself in meditation for hours at a time. In this house he quite often cooks his own meals in an 'economic cooker.' He does not eat much. Boiled rice, boiled potatoes, cauliflower or beans, enough of butter are all that he cares to eat. He is not fond of milk or sweets. He takes long walks for exercise and is fond of gardening." "Plain living and high thinking is the keynoto of his life at Bolpur. He preaches to the boys and to the teachers twice a week in the temple. His love for the children is of an idealistic nature. At times one of them will steal into his room and watch him smile and move his head to and fro as he writes or thinks over a poem. One such boy startled him by exclaiming, 'That's how the madmen do.' "'Yes, my child, poets are worse than madmen. When did you come into the room?'" The Member For Calais There was a time when Calais was represented in the English parliament. It was in the reign of Henry VIII. that Calais was granted the right to send its representative to Westmister, and the names of some of its members have been preserved. Its last sitting member, for instance, was one Edmund Peyton, alderman of Calais.—London Standard. HOTEL POWHATAN WASHINGTON D.C. HOTEL OF AMERICAN IDEALS In a city where good hectals abound, the Powhatan heads the list. It is first in the hearts of its countrymen. The Powhatan is refined, exclusive, and restful. Its excellent location on Pennsylvania Avenue, 18th and H Streets, makes it a desirable headquarters for bridal couples, town parties, conventions, Schools and colleges. The Powhatan attracts the people of culture and education its proximity to State, War and Navy Departments, also to many points of historical interest, makes this hotel, especially attractive to a discriminating public. The Powhatan offers rooms with detached bath at $1.58, $2.00 and up. Rooms with private bath, $2.50, $3.00 and up. *Write for booklet with map.* NA FLOR'S HAIR DRESSING NA FLORS HAIR DRESSING THE KING OF ALL HAIR DRESSINGS GROWS HAIR-REMOVES DANDRUFF AND TETTER. BUY IT-TRY IT-TEST IT ASK YOUR DRUGGIST FOR IT- DEMAND IT! IF HE HAS NOT IT WE WILL SEND IT FOR 25 CTS. POSTPAID NA FLOR DRUG CO. AGENTS WANTED EVERYWHERE EDENTON, N.C. MENTION PAPER YOU SAW AD IN. WAR! What Is It All About HAS the whole world gone stark mad over a very foolish and trivial question? Are swords rattling, cannon rumbling, mailed armour glistening just because Russia wanted to show her love for the little brother—Servia? Tear aside the curtain of Europe's politics and see the grim and sinister game of chess that is being played. See upon what a slim, yet desperate, excuse the sacred lives of millions may be sacrificed. Read the history of the past one hundred years, as written by one of the greatest authorities the world has ever known, and learn the naked, shameful truth. Just to get you started as a Review of Reviews subscriber, we make you this extraordinary offer. We will give to you FREE! Duruy's History of the World Four splendid cloth volumes, full of portraits, sketches, maps, diagrams Today is the climax of a hundred years of preparation, and in this timely, authoritative, complete, AND THE ILY CONDENSED classic world history—of which over 2,000 copies have been sold in France alone—just what has place in the inner councils of Europe during the past one ed years. Read in these entrancing pages how Russia for years craftily been trying to escape from her darkness— a year-round open port, with its economic freedom. And how Germany and Austria, fearful of the monster's strength, have been trying to checkmate her and how we pinned all in this last, supreme stake. Today is the climax of a hundred years of preparation. Read in this timely, authoritative, complete, AND THE ONLY CONDENSED classic world history—of which over 2,000,000 copies have been sold in France alone—just what has taken place in the inner counnies of Europe during the past one hundred years. Read in these entrancing pages how Russia has for years craftily been trying to escape from her darkness—to get a year-round open port, with its economic freedom. Read how Germany and Austria, fearful of the monster's latent strength, have been trying to checkmate her and how they have pinned all in this last, supreme stake. The Lesson of the Past THIS master of the pen shows you the glory that was Greece's and the grudge that was Rome's. He guides you through the Middle Ages, the pictureque old days of feudalism and the crusades; through the Renaissance up to contemporaneous history, which Prof. Grosseman completed in brilliant manner. In the story of the past for the secrets of today. And you will understand them better when you get the Review of Reviews for a year—for the Review of Reviews for interpretation of the events that are taking place with such rapidity. It will be daily news. Send a report. Your ability to comprehend conditions, and to clear up rationally depends on a true interpretation of the meaning and the "reason" of events. In your mind you must bring order out of chaos—and the Review of Reviews will do it for you.