St. Paul Echo

ATTHEED the Better Music Club's dance at the Mpls, Coliseum Monday night, Jan. 24 and enjoy Al Freeman's Black and Gold Orchestra. VOL. 2, NO. 12 COURT OUTLAWS SEGREGATION IN DALLAS, TEXAS Louisville Case of 1917 Won by the N. A. A. C. P. Declared Basis of Victory. District Held White Ruled Unconstitutional by the Texas Fifth Court of Civil Appeals. (N. A. A. C. P. Press Service) New York, Jan. 14—The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, 69 Fifth Avenue, has received from J. W. Rice of the Dallas Express, a report showing that on the basis of the vietnam against segregation by city ordinance or state law, won by the N. A. A. C. P. before the Supreme Court in the Louisville Case of 1917, a segregation ordinance recently enacted by the City of Dallas, Texas, has been declared unconstitutional by the Texas Fifth Court of Civil Appeals. Another Case Pending. This makes the third city segregation ordinance within the last year to be outlawed on the basis of the Louisville victory of ten years ago, the other two victories having been won in Norfolk and Indianapolis. Still another case hinging on the Louisville decision has arisen in New Orleans and is pending before the Supreme Court. District Held White. The case according to the Dallas Express arose from the desire of a white corporation "to open up a new addition for Negroes in a district which, heretofore, by a joint agreement, according to report, has been designated as white." According to report, the City of Dallas intends to carry the case before the U. S. Supreme Court. Mr. Rice in his letter to the N. A. A. C. P. adds: "Three years prior to the present case," reports Mr. Rice, "a case involving this issue arose in a section of the city presumably Negro but declared white at the instance of white property owners. A Negro was tried and fined and a group of Negroes at once raised $1,500, for defense and employed attorneys. City officials never brought the case to trial and the tenant was never forced to move." "It might be of interest to the Association to know that another attempt is being made to draft a state-wide segregation ordinance and the representatives are being approached for their views on the question. The measure is one in five which have to ECHO—Gal. 2 do with city planning. It appears likely to raise a formidable question which will be state-wide in its extent." N. A. A. C. P. Creates Weapon. Commenting on the above report, James Weldon Johnson, Secretary of the N. A. A. C. P. said: "The National Office will follow these developments closely. Meantime, it becomes more and more clear that in establishing the precedent laid down ten years ago through the Louisville Case, the N. A. A. C. P. created a weapon which can be effectively used by colored people in any city or State to defeat segregation enactments." KING'S DAUGHTERS MEET On last Tuesday at 3 p. m. the King's Daughters Charity club met with Mrs. Mary Rogers, 718 St. Anthony, in goodly numbers. The meeting was a profitable one. Plans for the regular annual sermon were formed. On the roll book provision will also be made for our men as honorary members. Mrs. Stella B. Wiley the president presided. Mrs. Emmia Campbell of Omaha gave a short talk of interest. Rev. W. H. Griffin also gave a good talk. Mrs. Mayme Moss, our sick member, was sent fruit by the circle. Next meeting will be at the home of Mrs. Alice Williams, 790 St. Anthony, Feb. 1st. A dainty luncheon was served by the hostess who was voted a charming entertainer. "Hold Monday, Feb. 21, for another M. W. C. club serial dance at the Oxford Ballroom." The St. Paul Echo Local Composers Appearing At Minneapolis Coliseum Local Composers Appearing At Minneapolis Coliseum ONE YEAR AGO THIS WEEK Under the direction of George L. Johnson of New York City, a community chorus of 150 voices was heard at the Minneapolis Lyceum Theater. Judge G. M. Orr addressed the members of the Sterling club, speaking on "Crime and Punishment." Hinky Doodle Town, a musical comedy, sponsored by the Men's club was presented at the Church Club, Dale and Portland Ave. An overflow group crowded into the New St. James at the formal church reception at which an interesting program was presented and a plate lunch was served. TO SPEAK AT PILGRIM Bruce Sanborn, candidate for Senator in State Legislature of the 40th District which comprises the 7th and 4th wards will be the principal speaker at an open forum, Sunday, January 23, at 4 p. m., at Little Pilgrim church, Central Ave., and Grotto St., under the auspices of the Pilgrim Men's Fellowship club. Mr. Sanborn is the senior member of the Bruce Sanborn will be the principal speaker at an open forum, Sunday, January 23, at 4 p.m., at Little Pilgrim church, Central Ave., and Grotto St., under the auspices of the Pilgrim Men's Fellowship club. Mr. Sanborn is the senior member of the firm of Sanborn, Graves and Ordway. He is one of a family of noted jurists. (Courtesy of St. Paul Dispatch) SLAYER OF WOMAN GETS LIFE TERM SLAYER OF WOMAN GETS LIFE TERM Sentenced After Charge Was Changed From Not Guilty to Guilty. (Preston News Service) [Preston News Service] Media, Pa., Jan. 21.—Ollic Strickland, on trial here for first degree murder in connection with the slaying of Emily Collins in a hold-up eighteen months ago, changed from not guilty to guilty and was sentenced immediately thereafter to life imprisonment. Strickland attempted to hold up the girl and shot her when she resisted, police say he confessed. While he was awaiting trial, reports reached police that an attempt was being made to lynch him and two other men held for another crime. Two hundred state police and deputy sheriffs were thrown about the jail and the three men were removed to the Eastern Penetaryt in Philadelphia for sale keeping. FIRE OF UNKNOWN ORIGIN DAMAGES JOHNSON HOME The home of Mr. and Mrs. H. G. Johnson, 795 Edmund St., St. Paul, Minn., was damaged by fire on Monday evening, Jan. 18th about 5 p. m. The roof was totally destroyed and the lower part of the house, water soaked. Origin of the fire is not known but it is thought that flying sparks from neighbors' chimney started the fire. The damages are covered by insurance. Mr. Johnson is a Postal Clerk in the St. Paul Commercial Station. CORRECTION In the notice of the installation of newly elected officers of Como Temple Daughter Elks No. 128 held Jan. 12th the names of Belle Donohue, S. M.; and Gertrude Gilbert, Trustee were inadvertently omitted. The election was held by Mabel Harris, District Deputy. PRACTICES MEDICINE WITHOUT STATE LICENSE (Preston News Service) Hope, Ark. Jan. 21—M. L. Johnson, aged 50 years, of Emmett, was convicted in Circuit Court Thursday for practicing medicine without securing a State license and was sentenced to four months in jail. The conviction was sought in connection with charge of involuntary manslaughter brought against Johnson for the death of a man whom Jackson had treated. The State charged that Johnson administered medicine to the victim, who was suffering from blood poisoning, and that the man died. ST. PAUL-MINNEAPOLIS, MINNESOTA, SATURDAY, JANUARY 22, 1927 Popular Artists Who Have Made Recent Sensational Hits Will Render Treat, Singing Latest Numbers. Mr. Thomas Oden our popular young composer will appear at the Collegiate Dance given by the Better Music Club at the beautiful Coliseum 27th and Lake St., Minneapolis, Monday evening, Jan. 24th. Mr. Oden, singing his latest compositions has been taking Chicago audiences by storm. A number of his newest release will be given away. Added Features. Through much persuasion the committee on arrangements has secured the services of Mr. Earl Clendennon, who recently went over big, singing his new song hit, "Jimmy" at the Oxford Ballroom, St. Paul. Another added feature will be the appearance of Al Freeman's "Black and Gold" orchestra, who will introduce the latest Song-Dance number, "The Orchestra has Arrived." To dance in the Coliseum is an added attraction alone as the beauty of the hall stands out far above many. While thinking for the convenience of their patrons attending their dances, the Better Music Club decided on the Coliseum, as it is easily reached from either city. Dancing will hold from 8 p. m. to midnight. Fight Fans"Boo" Walker and Cheer Tiger Flowers (Pacific Coast News Bureau) Vernon, Calif., Jan. 21.—Boxing fans of the West evidently believe that "Tiger" Flowers was robbed of his title if the reception given Flowers and Walker at the Vernon arena is considered. Tuesday night at the regular boxing events, just before the Callahan-Jawson main event, "Tiger" Flowers was invited into the ring to be introduced to the audience. His appearance brought a deafening round of cheers, but "Mickey" Walker introduced was greeted with "boos," hisses and the cry of robber. "Tiger" Flowers, great sportsman that he is, then climbed back into the ring and also pulled Walker back with him and shook hands, showing that he did not blame Walker for the raw decision in Chicago. BROWN'S ROOF BURNED A small blaze was discovered dancing merrily on the roof of Mr. J. H Brown's home, 349 No. Avon, Tuesday day morning. But its merriment was suddenly checked by the post-haste appearance of the fire department Very little damage was done. HUDSON CAR WRECKED A Hudson touring car driven by Jerry Faulkner, accidentally into a street car trolley pole and was completely demolished Sunday noon, Jan. 16th at Rondo St., near Western. He was cut about the face and was knocked partially unconscious. OVERCOME BY FUMES (Preston News Service) [Pastor News Service] Cincinnati, Ohio. Jan. 20—John Bryant, aged 45 years, was overcome by fumes while at work in a glass factory in Lockland, early Thursday. He was taken to the General Hospital, where physicians revived him. Courtesy is common sense in action. Some people grumble all of the time and some other people grumble WHEATLEY HOUSE DENIED USE OF HIGH SCHOOL GYM WHEATLEY HOUSE DENIED USE OF HIGH SCHOOL GYM Principal Told Head Resident That Gymnasium Was in Use Every Night. 20 Needed For Class Persistent Work of W. Gertrude Brown and Co-Workers Obtains Permission. The Phyllis Wheatley House, Minneapolis, has been denied the use of the gym and swimming pool at Franklin Jr. High on account of lack of interest shown. Indifference shown towards Negroes upon the part of the principal of the high school some two years ago, was overcome by the persistent effort of Miss W. Gertrude Brown, Head Resident of Phyllis Wheatley House. Statement to Echo. In a statement to the Echo, Miss Brown states that: "Two years ago Phyllis Wheatley House applied to the Principal of Franklin Jr. High for the use of the gym and swimming pool. I was told that every night was taken. "I visited Franklin Jr. High one night and asked the janitor in charge to let me see the pool if it did not disturb the class. "He stated there was no group in the pool but would gladly let me see it. I then asked him how many nights were taken. He replied, 'only Wednesday nights were in use.' "I reported the matter to my board. The chairman, Mrs. Oaks, and Mrs. James Paige immediately called the Supt. of Schools and asked for a conference. As a result the use of the school was grated. "For two years we have used the school with splendid success. We attempted the class again this year. Unfortunately, we were not able to get 20 men (this number being required by the school board for use of the gym) from a population of nearly 5,000 who were interested. Because of the lack of interest the privileges were revoked. Considering the distance, St. Paul responded nicely. Minneapolis should not depend upon St. Paul for its attendance. "The instructor, a Bock student, gave his time to this group gratuitous. "I don't think I have ever hated a thing quite as badly as I did to lose the use of this building when it was so difficult to secure it in the beginning. "Can we justly demand something bigger and better when we do not take advantage of what we have? Shall continued lack of interest on our part close other doors of opportunity to us?" GROCER ROBBED DESPITE SHOTGUN GROCER ROBBED DESPITE SHOTGUN While En Route to His Home; Bandits Hold Up Negro; Shots Exchanged. (Preston News Service) Little Rock, Ark., Jan. 21. M. D. Thompson, grocer at 2823 Cumberland St., was robbed by bandits early Tuesday night as he was en route to his home several blocks away from his store. The robbers obtained between $75 and $100 and a shotgun from Thompson, he told police. Mr. Thompson had been reading of the many holdups recently and decided to carry his shotgun along for protection. As the robbers approached him in a dark spot at 27th and Cumberland Sts., Thompson fired the shotgun but missed his mark. The robbers retaliated with a shot, it also missing. The robbery then was committed, after which the highwaymen fled with the money and the gun. Patrolman Wilborn and Driver Henson investigated the robbery and arrested two men but released them when Thompson failed to identify them. Thompson was unable to give a good description of the bandits. "Hold Monday, Feb. 21, for another M. W. C. club serial dance at the Oxford Ballroom." Why Sanborn For Senator? If "Bred in the bone" signifies anything, Mr. Bruce W. Sanborn eminently qualifies as the favored senatorial candidate for Echo readers. Many generations ago the Sanborns came to the American shores to enjoy religious liberty. Later they backed the movement commenced on Boston Common by Crispus Attucks and fought with honor in the Revolutionary War. The family training was such that the idea of human slavery was abhorrent. In the days of '61 they were found in the Abolition Party with Lincoln and Frederick Douglas. The Sanborns as judges have uniformly held for the man lower down in opportunity. It was in Judge Sanborn's court, last October, that a petition for a writ of prohibition was denied the registration officials of Okfuskee county, Oklahoma. If granted, this would have deprived 3,000 Negroes in the town of Boley, Oklahoma, of their right to vote. So much for the family. What of the individual? Here is a key to his inner self. The local officials who supervise the vocational training of soldiers were seeking a large law firm that would furnish desk room and teach office routine to one of our citizens, James A. (Caesar) Harris, while he studied law with the St. Paul College of Law. The agent sought long and well, but on account of Mr. Harris' race, uniformly met with discouraging responses, until Mr. Bruce Sanborn was approached. With just a few moments' hesitation to confer with members of his firm, Mr. Sanborn's reply was "Yes." Mr. Harris remained in the office for two years, until he completed his course. As chairman of the Seventh Ward Republican Committee; as a person who has responded well to the training of the brotherhood of man, Mr. Bruce W. Sanborn is the type of person Colored people should be proud to vote for. The election is Monday. Mr. Sanborn is a candidate for senator of the 4th and 7th wards, which constitutes the 40th district. Enameling Plant Owned And Operated By Negro Workers Enameling Plant Owned And Operated By Negro Workers Negro Gunman Killed In Fight With Sheriffs (Pacific Coast News Bureau) San Diego, Calif., Jan. 21.—Climaxing a three-hour gun battle with police from a barricade in the home of B. G. Showley, white, in the fashionable Mission Hills district here, Bill Smith, gunman, was killed when detectives battered down the door of a closet in which he had taken refuge, and riddled him with bullets. Smith started on his reign of terror by entering the Showley home and shooting the colored maid, Eula Caldwell, early in the morning. A policeman was shot in the left arm but Mrs. Showley managed to carry his six-year-old son to safety while the gun fired at the maid. ZION APPROVES CONTEST The Echo received a communication from Mrs. Fred Jones, chairman of the Echo subscription campaign for Zion Baptist church, Minneapolis confirming the telephone message of Rev. J. W. Harris of St. Paul, Minnesota who is filling the pulpit at Zion during the absence of their pastor, Rev. C. B. Burton who is in Hot Springs, Arkansas for his health. Rev. Harris's text for this Sunday will be "A Short Bed and Narrow Cover." Successful Colored Factory Maintains Large Force and Has Growing Market for Their Products. (Dept. of Labor News Service) Washington.—Palmyra, N. J., is justly proud of an enamelling plant operated and owned by Negro experts and skilled and unskilled workers. The plant, which was put into operation about four years ago by a corporation whose capital stock at that time amounted to $125,000, is progressing in quality and quantity of output. Covers Large Space. Conveniently situated on its own unencumbered land, the dimensions of which are 150 feet by 200 feet, the enameling factory runs parallel to the Pennsylvania Railroad, whose side tracks and spurs carry the outgoing shipments of enamel signs, designed, alloyed, manufactured and shipped by a complete force of Negro workers. The factory itself contains about 10,000 square feet of floor space, upon which are located such essential departments as stamping, pickling, dipping, spraying, drying, burning, stenciling and shipping. Advanced processes in the manufacture of enamel products are worked out in a well-equipped laboratory, where chemical and other experiments determine the fitness of the proposed product for manufacture and use. At present the plant is manufacturing enamel signs, only; but preparations are being made for the installation of a new furnace, specially adapted to the manufacture of kitchen utensils and varying types of enamel ware. The principal present market gateways for enamel products of the Palmyra factory are Wilmington, Del., and Philadelphia, Pa., at BABCOCK HEADS ROAD BUILDERS Election Is a Recognition of Minnesota's Road Building Progress. Minnesota was honored by the election of its highway commissioner, C. M. Babcock, as president of the American Road Builders' association at its annual meeting at Chicago last week. Mr. Babcock was the only nominee for the office. The election is a recognition of the road building progress made in Minnesota during the last decade. The American Road Builders association is composed of federal, state, county and municipal highway officials, highway engineers, contractors and machinery manufacturers. It is the largest organization of road builders in the world, and the annual meeting is the clearing house for all the latest information on improved road building methods and road progress. The meeting was attended by delegates from every state in the Union and from several South American republics and European nations. Mr. Babock was formerly president of the American Association of State Highway Officials. This organization is also national in scope but more limited in membership. St. Paul N. A. A. C. P. Opens Annual Drive on Sunday The N. A. A. C. P. will celebrate the victory of the Lyceum Theater case at a meeting Sunday night, Jan. 23, at St. James A. M. E. church, which will formally open a week's membership drive which will be closed the following Sunday night at Pilgrim Baptist church. The following program will be rendered: Rev. W. H. Griffin will speak upon the history of the N. A. A. C. P. and what it means to our group. Mr. Allen McGill, former First Asst. County Attorney, and Attorney Tom Sullivan will speak. Mr. Alfred Shute will sing which latter place a sales force of approximately 25 persons carry on wholesale and retail distribution of the enamel signs, many of which are disposed of to transportation lines. Orders have been filled from points as far distant as Porto Rico. A 30-ton gas and oil fired enameling furnace, valued at $15,000, and capable of producing a temperature of 2,000 degrees F., is the principal implement of value at the plant. This furnace is said to produce an enamel sign that is virtually indestructible. Twenty-five Negro experts, employed at the plant, have been carefully selected and trained, each being an adept at his particular occupation. In its entirety this industry, strategically located, well manned and efficiently progressive, is filling a peculiar need. In addition, it demonstrates industrial efficiency as well as the stability and adaptability of Negro workers engaged in one of the country's necessary industries. MINNESOTA HISTORICAL SOCIETY TWO DOLLARS entitles you to a year's subscription to the Echo and an opportunity to own a lot at beautiful Minesure-on-the-St. Croix. PRICE FIVE CENTS LINCOLN UNION TO HONOR MOTHER OF EMANCIPATOR LINCOLN UNION TO HONOR MOTHER OF EMANCIPATOR Indiana Proposes a National Memorial to Hold at Lincoln City. Governor Jackson Acts Governor Jackson Appoints Prominent Men and Women on Committee. (Preston News Service) Indianapolis, Ind., Jan. 21—The memory of the mother who gave to the world the greatest of all champions of freedom and tolerance will be enshrined in a national memorial in Indiana. Mrs. Nancy Hanks Lincoln, the mother of Abraham Lincoln, will be honored by the state at Lincoln City, Spencer county, where Lincoln's youth was spent. The Lincoln moved to that city in 1816, and the Great Emancipator lived there from his seventh to his twenty-first birthday. Mrs. Lincoln died there. Governor Jackson Acts. The Indiana Lincoln Union, a committee of 125 prominent persons, was appointed by Governor Jackson to carry out the memorial project. Governor Jackson said: "An ordinary marker near Lincoln City in Speneer county betokens the site of the vanished log cabin in which Lincoln's early life was spent, while across the dusty country road a wooded tract harbors the last sleeping place of the great Civil War president's first friend, counselor and supporter—his mother. I propose that the people of this state, in unison, rear a national shrine expressing our deathless devotion to the soul of the great departed and his mother." Illinois, where Lincoln rests in eternal sleep under a beautiful memorial; Kentucky, his birthplace and the District of Columbia, all have shrines to Abraham Lincoln, but Indiana, the scene of many of the stories of his railspitting feats, has scarcely a marker in his memory. Officers Named. Officers of the association are: Mrs. Studebaker Carlisle, of South Bend, was selected president; Will H. Hayes, head of the Motion Pictures Producers and Distributors of America, vice president; Mrs. John W. Korn, of Indianapolis, vice president; Thomas Taggart, democratic leader, of French Lick, treasurer; and Dean Stanley Coulter of Purdue University, secretary. SUBSCRIPTION TICKETS ISSUED FOR CAMPAIGN The tickets for the subscription campaign which the Twin City churches have entered for the St. Paul Echo, have been issued to the churches. In the campaign which the churches are launching two lots at the beautiful summer resort Minesure-on-Lake St. Croix, will be given away and many other valuable prizes. Minesure-on-the-St. Croix is owned and controlled by Negroes. The actual sale of lots will soon start under the direction of the Minesure Development Co.'s legal advisor, Attorney James A. (Caesar) Harris. Date Workers Apply for Charter. Chicago.—The strike of colored date workers of Maras Company of this city is reported by the Department's representative as being still in force. The workers are said to have recently applied for the union charter, the issuance of, which is now under consideration by the Chicago Federation of Labor. You never can tell. Some men are born leaders, others spend all their lives following advice. "Hold Monday, Feb. 21, for another M. W. C. club serial dance at the Oxford Ballroom." The high cost of living now goes hand in hand with the high cost of giving. Life is full of riddles. For instance, who wears all the Christmas neckties? ```markdown ``` "Entered as second class matter Nov. 7, 1925, at the post office at St. Paul, Minn., under the act of March 3, 1879" A CENTRAL SOCIETY The Twin Cities needs of the Echo reader will be a clearing house and a promoter leader of that society would be our leader and superede and nullify the authority of self appointed leaders." Recently in S.S. School building program has been come a word to say. The paving money is going for more paving near our homes. What we are assessed for a twelve-foot pay, and that the whole city pays for a over a 24-foot roadway. All building millions have been spent. We pay for the bonds. At Maxfield is most of our children attend, the district. They did add desk room by his tables. That condition does not obey like the North End, West End, Glen L. Anthony Park. Intentional or not, a principal is emply largely attended by our children who for keep her job for one month in a highly opposes the organization of a law. The function of that society is school paying for good paving and schools all the poorest return for our taxes because that can speak for us with authority. EVOLUTION, ANTI-EVOLUTION QUARTER King Kackle is coming to St. Paul. Only white southern brothers in the prince in a quandary. If he believes in evils evolved from a cell. The cell evolved of types of life until it became a monkey, the became a dark-skinned, hairy-faced is the white man. That theory puts man's veins, an impossible position immediately becomes a fundamental by the Bible. With a degree of satisfaction which says, "God created man in his chest. By accident he reads Genesis and God formed man of the dust of the earth singing the blues and asks, "Can a must of earth?" Mr. S. L. W. thought again Reason spoke, "There are b. S. L. W. prayed to be taken to Heaven again by suggesting, "There will be repair the Grand K. K. K. called out, "Iemandary?" Something whispers "Yes, the Bible. But the blind are they who One of the Twin Cities needs of the Echo readers is a Central Society that shall be a clearing house and a promoter of local race needs. The leader of that society would be our leader and spokesman. It would supercede and nullify the authority of what have been called, "Self appointed leaders." Recently in St. Paul a great paving and school building program has been completed, and we have not had a word to say. The paving money is spent and now we are wishing for more paving near our homes. Perhaps it is information that we are assessed for a twelve-foot strip in front of our property, and that the whole city pays for street intersections and all over a 24-foot roadway. The school building millions have been spent. Our taxes have been raised to pay for the bonds. At Maxfield and McKinley schools where most of our children attend, the dirty walls have not been decorated. They did add desk room by hauling in some antiquated portables. That condition does not obtain in well organized districts like the North End, West End, Groveland Park, Hamline or St. Anthony Park. Whether intentional or not, a principal is employed in one of the schools largely attended by our children who for several reasons could not keep her job for one month in a highly organized area. She openly opposes the organization of a Parent-Teacher Association. The function of that society is school betterment. We are paying for good paving and schools all over St. Paul and receiving the poorest return for our taxes because we have no Central Society that can speak for us with authority. THE EVOLUTION, ANTI-EVOLUTION QUANDARY Kunning King Kackle is coming to St. Paul to espouse the cause of his lily white southern brothers in the present evolution battle. He is in a quandary. If he believes in evolution, he believes all life evolved from a cell. The cell evolved through different degrees and types of life until it became a monkey. The monkey evolved until he became a dark-skinned, hairy-faced cave man. The next step is the white man. That theory puts Negro blood in every white man's veins, an impossible position for a southern lily white. He immediately becomes a fundamentalist. He proves his genealogy by the Bible. With a degree of satisfaction he turns to Genesis 1-27 which says, "God created man in his own image." Out comes his chest. By accident he reads Genesis 2-7, which says, "The Lord God formed man of the dust of the ground." Reason comes along singing the blues and asks, "Can a white man be made of the dust of earth?" Mr. S. L. W. thought of suicide. It led to Hades. Again Reason spoke, "There are bad Negroes in Hades." Mr. S. L. W. prayed to be taken to Heaven. Reason spoiled the party again by suggesting, "There will be good Negroes there." In despair the Grand K. K. K. called out, "Is there no way out of this quandary?" Something whispers "Yes, Brotherhood," and points to the Bible. But the blind are they who will not see. WHERE ALL THE MONEY GOES tating to present a series of articles whi omic life in the Twin Cities, The Echo or men in the field of economics and unity. Nevertheless, we will attempt their money goes and then ask whi name. no doubt but that there are 1,200 colo In attempting to present a series of articles which vitally concern our economic life in the Twin Cities, The Echo offers apologies to outstanding men in the field of economics and to statisticians in this community. Nevertheless, we will attempt to show our readers where their money goes and then ask what do they get in return for same. There is no doubt but that there are 1,200 colored families in Saint Paul all of whom use milk daily, we conservatively estimate one quart (of milk) per day at 10c, making a total spent by the race each day for milk alone $120, for the month $3,600, which in one year runs to the enormous sum of $43,200. There is an idea of what we pay to the various milk companies of the city of St. Paul, and what do we get in return for our money by way of employment for our boys and girls? Have we a single milk wagon driver, or one buttermaker? Have we one stenographer on the office force of any company? If you answer these questions in the negative the Echo feels in duty bound to ask, what do you get in return for more than $43,000 worth of business annually? How many milk companies do you know that employ colored help? Do you see the "ad" of your milk company in any of the race journals? Don't you know that if a company wants your trade that company will put its "ad" where you will be sure to read it? If a company doesn't care enough for your trade to advertise in your journals, that is prima facie evidence that they don't want your money, so why force that company to take your money if they don't want it? What is true of milk is true of other commodities and services. Let's say each colored family in St. Paul spends not less than 85c per week for laundry, which is extremely conservative, you can see at a glance that this runs to $1,000 per week for laundry; just think of it! More than $50,000 per year for the laundry item alone. It goes without saying that The Echo asks the same questions about your laundry companies as about your milk companies, and again you answer in the negative, therefore, we say that you should not send your clothes to X—— laundry simply because you have always sent them there, but send them to the laundry which solicits your business through "ads" in various race journals, and to the company that is willing to employ at least some colored help. Until we get to the place where we can co-operate along these lines we never can hope to hold decent jobs in commerce and industry, nor can we ever hope to rise above the level of the doormat. The reason that situation is so painfully true is because MONEY is the motor which turns the wheels of the great economic machine. Strange Race of People There is an ancient race in India, the Todas, nearly extinct now, that resembles the gypsies. Its members speak a strange tongue, make hovels out of mud topped with a kind of pyramid, in the hills. They are sullen, savage, chary of approach. They worship dark, occult gods, who preside over death and life. They do not wander like the gypsies. In their isolation one supposes that the wolves and the vultures and the jackals are their familiars—fear being on neither side. They worship stones and stars, the grass, the dawn and the moon. Hobby Is Training Worms Training worms is the hobby of David Masters, London journalist and scientist. Leading his visitors to his garden, Masters would take a blade of grass and stroke the back of as much of a worm's body as chance to be out of its hole in the ground. Immediately the worm would emerge from its hiding place and he would stroke its back, which the worm would arch after a few strokes. "You see, even a worm likes a good turn," Masters tells his friends. WILLIAMS EXPRESS Trunks and General Hauling COAL AND WOOD Service Any Time 392 Carroll Ave. Tel. Dale 4459 NEED SOME? ITS a fine thing to know where you can get cash when you need it. Our service is quick and confidential. We have helped your friends for years. Ask them about the Local Loan Co. 216 Exchange Bank Building Sixth & Minnesota Sts. Tel. Co 2417 Home Cooked Meals Salads Barbecued Ribs TOASTED SANDWICHES ALEXANDERS SWEET SHOPPE Dale and Rondo Streets Phone Dale 7175 FOR WEEKLY NEWS RELEASES DEAD LINE ADVANCED TO WEDNESDAY NOON For BILIOUSNESS Use BEECHAM'S PILLS for the relief of Constipation, Biliousness, Sick Headache and for moving the Bowels. Helps clear the skin. Contains no Calomel Buy from your drugrist. 25c and See the box. BEECHAM'S PILLS --- There were several destructive avalanches in the St. Gothard region in 1925, when the railway was damaged at several points, and many peasants and workmen were killed. But one rainy Sunday in September, forty-five years ago, 150 persons persisted when a large portion of the Plattenbergkopf split off and slid down on the village of Elm. Early in the day great boulders began to come crashing down with disturbing frequency, and quite a number of men were out watching them. Suddenly they saw a whole cliff sway and topple over. Seventeen minutes later another cliff fell, and, to their horror, the doomed villagers saw that the mountain had thus been undermined, and was poised over thin air far above them. Four minutes later it fell, shattered into millions of fragments, and came sliding down at terrific speed. Through the village went the avanche, across the tranquil meadows of the valley, and up the opposite mountain-side for a couple of hundred feet, when it diverged right and left, like the wash of a spent wave, for many hundred yards. Douglas Fir Entirely Distinct Tree Species The Douglas fir, a native of the Northwest but now being planted extensively in the East, is becoming a popular Christmas tree, according to the American Forestry association. The species was named for a Scotch botanist who discovered it on an expedition in 1825, but its scientific name is pseudotsuga, meaning "false hemlock." As a matter of fact, it is neither a hemlock nor a fir, and, though it is sometimes called a spruce, it isn't that either. The tree belongs to an entirely distinct species. The tree most commonly used for Christmas trees is a real fir—the balsam, so called because its blister-like pockets yield the resinous liquid known as Canada balsam, which is used among other things for attaching cover plates to microscope slides. Av. That's the Rub The word "scrape," meaning a difficulty or some unfortunate predicament, has several synonyms, as "rub," a "squeeze," a "pinch," etc., all of which are younger than the term "scrape," and of slightly different interpretation. "Getting into a scrape" came from Scotland, and the expression is as old as the ancient and honorable game of golf. In Scotland a rabbit's hole or burrow is called a "scrape." When a player's ball rolled into one of these holes it was manifestly impossible to play it, and the rules of the game recognized this fact by naming but a slight penalty for the player. He merely "got into a scrape."—Chicago Journal. York Minster Bells At a recent special service in York Minster, England, the famous bells of the cathedral which had been recast and hung were rededicated. All the bells, previously a peal of 12, cast in 1840, have been recast with additional metal, and a new semi-tone bell has been added between the sixth and seventh, this completing the middle ring of eight in E flat. The peal now consists of 13 bells, with the largest, or tenor, bell weighing three tons, and is said to be one of the finest peals in England. In addition, there is Big Peter, weighing nearly 11 tons, the third largest in the country, the larger being Big Paul and Big Ben. Kissing Discovered Early A young Cretan fondly embracing a pretty maid who shyly rests her head on his shoulder is sculptured on a vase recently exhumed on that Grecian isle. It proves that kissing was a popular pastime 15 centuries before Christ and that modern sheiks and flappers could teach the Cretans nothing about the "soul kiss." Ages ago the Cretan civilization was buried on this island—perhaps by an earthquake. Now excavations are bringing to light many evidences of the joys, sorrows and loves of the domestic and social life of its ancient inhabitants. They were people much like us.—Capper's Weekly. Source of Quinine Cinchona or chinchona is the name of the tree from the bark of the bark is prepared the valuable medicine called quinine. The tree is a native of South America, growing best on the moist eastern slope of the Andes mountains, but it has been successfully introduced into India, Burma, Ceylon and the West Indies. The bark of this tree is called Peruvian bark, because it was in Peru that the Spaniards first learned of its medicinal properties. It is also known as cinchona bark, and from it quinine is obtained, which in the form of sulphate of quinine has a wide use in the practice of medicine. Beauty and Good Indeed, the beautiful is inseparably unified to the good and the true. . . . for the very nature of the sense of beauty is such that through it we gain a clearer concept of the other two values. The history of the race has shown that at the height of materialistic success, the desire for artistic enjoyment has been a potent factor in bringing a people back to the higher ideals which underlie a peaceful intercourse between nations. —Herbert Sidney Langfeld, in "The Aesthetic Attitude." Man's Food Supply for If a man of seventy years were starving it would probably be of little comfort to him to reflect that he had consumed in the course of his life 53% tons of solid food and 42% tons of liquid, or about 1,280 times his own weight in both solids and liquids, but it would be quite true. Being a man of average appetite and purse, he would have eaten 15 tons of bread, which would have made a single loaf containing 1,200 cubic feet and appearing about as large as the average suburban home, and on this bread he would have spread one ton of butter. If his bacon had been cut in single slices the strip would have been four miles long, and his chops, placed end to end, would have extended two miles. Twenty ordinary-sized bullocks have supplied him with beef, each 18 tons of which he has eaten, along with 5 tons of fish and 10,000 eggs and 350 pounds of cheese. If he had elected to have all his vegetables served at once, they would have come to him on a train of cars, the pod containing all his peas being over three miles long. He has had 9,000 pounds of sugar, 1,500 pounds of salt, 8 pounds of pepper and 100 cans of mustard. Three pints of liquid a day would have amounted to 76,600 pints or 42% tons.—Washington Star. Old English Monarch Burglary insurance is no modern institution. It seems to have existed from the time of King Alfred and was probably introduced by this king who, had he lived in these times, would have made a name as a successful business man. The town of Ripon, England, he gave in 866 into the charge of a council, who appointed a watchman to blow a horn every night at nine o'clock. Between that hour and sunrise the town was quiet and no one was supposed to be abroad. But Ripon was not altogether a law-abiding place and presently the town authorities found it necessary to protect its peaceful citizens against raiders and robbers. And so a law was passed that any householder wishing so to protect his house from robbery should pay 4 pence a year to the authorities. Then if his house was entered and his goods stolen or damaged between the blowing of the horn and sunrise, he could claim from the town council, who undertook to compensate him—Music and Youth. Natural Pendulum A giant pendulum, formed by a strange freak of nature, swings in Yellowstone National park, not far from Old Faithful geyser, according to the official government naturalist in charge of the lecture and nature study work of the United States national park service. It consists of the trunk of a lodge pole pine, suspended by its top between two other trees of the same species and swinging by its base, so that a mere touch will set it to swaying. Apparently the tree fell or was blown over many years ago, its top becoming lodged in the tops of its neighbors, which grew out and surrounded it, supporting it securely. Subsequently several feet of its base rotted away, leaving it suspended in midlair. One of the park nature trails has been run near this strange natural grandfather clock, and tourists are permitted to set it swinging. Language and Life The one supremely significant fact in the universe is, to quote Peabody's fine paraphrase, "the transformation of language into life." The belief is one of immense antiquity, though only of recent years susceptible of scientific explanation—the belief in the strange bewildering identity of sound and life. It has been claimed that all the visible creation in its countless forms has been built up sound-wise, upon a system of harmonic vibration—that, in the shell, the fern, the fir-cone, the reptile, the fish, the bird, the same laws prevail that govern the stretched string, with all their harmonic progressions and "associated wave-lengths." Explaining Law Term Barratry is an old term of English law, derived from an Italian word signifying to cheat. Common barraty consists in habitually stirring up or maintaining quarrels or lawsuits, or in continually disturbing the peace by brawls, or in taking or detaining possession of property the right to which is in dispute. Habitually breeding discord between neighbors is also bawtry. In marine insurance and in contracts relating to shipping generally, the term barratry means any fraud or knavery or willful wrongdoing on the part of the master of the ship or the crew, by which the interests of the owner are injured. Franklin a Good Swimmer Franklin was a great swimmer. On one occasion he swam for four miles in the Thames, "performing on the way many feats of activity, both upon and under the water." He obtained such a reputation as a water dog that he thought seriously of becoming a teacher of swimming. Even at forty he still swam for two hours at a stretch. He astonished his fellow printers by carrying two forms of type to their one, and, in his old age, he was fond of displaying his strength by lifting heavy books. — Scientific Monthly. Dcctor Gave Old Man There were no less than 150 patients that morning at the country doctor's office before he could finish his breakfast. One was a pitiful old man, dreadfully poor and nearly blind. The trouble was in his ear—which ear he did not indicate at first. He seemed apprehensive about taking the doctor into his confidence until a certain doubt had been cleared up. "Will your charge for an office visit?" he inquired, with a kind of stealthy approach to the subject on his mind, "pay for the examination of two ears?" "Oh, yes," was the doctor's prompt answer. He was a little impatient with the old man's hesitancy and wanted him to come to the point without loss of time. "Oh, yes! The fee will pay for both ears." "Well, in that case," the patient continued, "one ear will be only half price, won't it?" That was a clever piece of bargaining the doctor had to recognize, when he recovered from his surprise. The old fellow had put up a case for half-price treatment that was difficult to overcome. So the doctor said half price for one ear would do. The afflicted ear was examined and properly treated. The patient offered the half price, but that was where the country doctor scored. "No, keep your money. Half price is no price this morning." The old man toterted feebly out of the door and the doctor, while pitting him, laughed softly.—Springfield Republican. Lurch of Avalanche Stopped by Concrete The lurch of the Rocher de la Cluette, in the Jura, near Neuchatel, Switzerland, some twenty years ago, was one of the rare cases where man has been able to avert a threatened avalanche. Engineers were so lavish with concrete that they managed to prop up the mountain and save the valley of the Areuse, and its electrical power-generating torrent, from blockage. Britain has a sliding mountain—the Treoerdhwlwfuch peak, near Bargoed, the Glamorgishore, whose restlessness of late years has broken the Rhymney valley water mains, which supply more than 100,000 persons, twisted railway lines, cracked walls, houses and roads and opened great fissures. Alarm was caused and damage done by the sliding of Oaker hill, just north of the Matlock, in May, 1925; and a hill above the Mole, near Dorking, was slipping recently. Big Journeys by Animals Tigers are great travelers, especially those of China, Mongolia and Manchuria, which have been known to cover 60 and 70 miles in the course of a single night's slouching trot along the game trails on the sparsely timbered hills. Sea lions, it has been proved, make 10,000 mile journeys, and seals from the breeding isles off Alaska have been found on Antarctic beaches. At harvest time, and in bad droughs, enormous armies of mice have been encountered on the move on the plains of Hungary and elsewhere in eastern Europe. In winter, all along the Arctic coast from Lapland to far northeast Siberia, armies of little lemmings are incessantly on trek; they must run thousands of miles in the course of a few months. California's Borax When the search for gold in California was at its height in January, 1856, Dr. John A. Veatch discovered borax in the waters of Tuscan springs, Tehama county, thus disclosing another source of wealth among California's natural resources. Today California produces the largest part of the world's supply of borax. In the early days borax deposits were of the playa or dry lake bed bed, and these were worked until 1887, when the colemate deposits, so named after W. T. Coleman, associated with F. W. (Borax) Smith in their development, were discovered. Since that time the dry lake deposits have been abandoned and colemate stone has been the only type of borax mined for 40 years.-Mercantile Trust Review. Criminal Colds For a jury to acquit a prisoner on the ground that he was suffering from a cold when he committed a crime sounds ridiculous. But before long this may be accepted as a legitimate plea by even the sternest judge. According to a famous doctor, infection of the nose and cavities of the skull by cold germs often results in confusion and lack of memory. Mental disturbances of this nature cause a person to act abnormally. A woman stole a ring from a friend's dressing table. Everyone thought she was a common thief. It was proved later that she was suffering from a severe cold and was incapable of distinguishing between her own and other people's property. Joshing the Elevator Man The old fellows who run elevators in public buildings are notoriously deliberate and independent. A Detroit citizen, relates the News, was recently conveyed by one of these political favorites in a slow and dignified manner to the top of the post office building. Then the old man stopped and slowly and deliberately opened the door to let his passenger out. The passenger handed him a traffic cop's ticket for speeding. It made the old elevator man mad for two days. Fue Long Preserved Some years ago at Minerville, in Schuylkill county, Pa., there was being operated the Wolf Creek washery. The business of the operators was to reclaim the immense banks of culm that have been deposited on the surface during the Civil war. With the aid of modern machinery they were able to obtain thousands of tons of marketable sizes of anthracite at the rate of about 2,000 tons a month. These culm banks were more like mountains than refuse piles. In some instances they were 50 feet high and covered the surface for approximately a half mile. The culm was taken in conveyor lines to a breaker, where it was washed through revolving screens and the coal reclaimed. One day in the month of June, when the thermometer registered from 90 to 100 degrees, the operators uncovered in the heart of one of the banks a large quantity of ice and snow. They reasoned that this deposit was covered with culm during the winter, and, thus protected from the air, had been preserved for about 44 years. It seemed almost incredible that such a condition was possible in the temperate zone, and yet no other theory seems satisfactory. The snow was protected, of course, from the elements by the tons of culm 50 feet high and hundreds of yards wide; and yet, if this theory is not tenable, then some scientist may offer a more convincing theory for its remarkable state of preservation. Canary Islands Prize Or Many Adventurers The Canary islands have the distinction of being the most bought-and-sold islands known to history. They were known to the ancients and named Canaria by Pliny from "the multitude of large dogs that do there abound," Warren H. Miller relates in "All Around the Mediterranean." A French vessel was driven ashore there in 1334, and in 1400 Jean de Berthecourt sailed from Rochelle to take possession, but the natives would have none of him, and he sold a bad bargain to a Spanish. From then on these islands were sold and resold to various Spanish adventurers, all of whom had bad luck with the natives, until one, Parazza, finally sold them to the Spanish crown. In 1476 a group of 1,000 Spanish soldiers set sail for the Canaries to reduce the islands to the glory of God, under Alonzo de Lugo, who completed his task in 1495. Candid A young corporal was drilling some men when one of them stepped out from the ranks and remarked in an angry voice: "You couldn't drill a company of ducks!" Next morning he was brought before the colonel, who ordered him to be taken out and given ten minutes in which to change his mind. When the time was up the man was brought in again and asked if he had altered his opinion. He replied in the affirmative, and was then asked: "And what conclusion have you come to?" "That he could not drill one duck, sir," was the quick, if somewhat astonishingly, reply. Keep Busy Nine-tenths of the miseries and vices of manhood proceed from idleness; with men of quick minds, to whom it is especially perilous, this habit is commonly the fruit of many disapointments and schemes oft baffled; and men fall in their schemes not so much for want of strength as for their ill direction of it. The weakest living creature, by concentrating his powers on a single object, can accomplish something. The drop of water by continued falling bores its passage through the hardest rock; the hasty torrent rushes over it with hideous roar, and leaves no trace behind. It Must Have Been Good "What are you asking for this sketch?" inquired Sir Joshua Reynolds of an old picture dealer. "Twenty guineas, your honor," replied the dealer. "Twenty pence, I suppose you mean," said Reynolds. "No, sir," answered the dealer. "I would have taken twenty pence for it this morning; but, if you think it worth looking at, all the world will think it worth buying." Sir Joshua Reynolds ordered the sketch sent home.—Market for Exchange. Rewrote Overture One of the operas of Rossini, the Italian composer, has an overture and a half, just because Rossini, like most men of all ages, dreaded to leave his bed. Writing in bed, he had partly completed an overture when he dropped off to sleep. The manuscript rolled to the floor and when Rossini awoke, he tried to recover the paper without leaving the bed. He found that he could not reach it, and, rather than get up, he started anew. First Golf Club Robert Lockhard, of Dunfermline, Scotland, in 1888 tried to play golf in Central park, New York, and was arrested as a result. John Reid, his friend, and he later went to Yonkers and eventually organized the first golf club in America. Four hundred years before that it was getting established in Scotland as a national sport, but encountered parliamentary opposition and efforts to legislate it out of existence also. ST. PAUL NOTES Mrs. Jose Sherwood has returned home from the hospital after a successful minor operation. The little daughter of Mrs. Virginia Hedge is recovering rapidly from a broken leg sustained while skiing. Mrs. Ollie Crosthwaite (nee Ollie Howard) of Chicago is in the city to be with her mother Mrs. O. D. Howard, who remains very ill at the home of her daughter Mrs. Ethel Maxwell. The St. Paul Hiking club was reorganized Thursday Jan. 13th at the home of Mrs. E. Garrett with quite a number of new members. Officers were elected as follows: Mrs. E. Garrett, pres.; Mrs. A. R. Russell, vice pres.; Mrs. E. Flowers, secty.; Mrs. Banks, treas. A pleasant afternoon was enjoyed by all present. Mr. and Mrs. Joseph E. Johnson entertained Mr. George Gooden and family at dinner on last Thursday. Mr. Gooden left this week for Jeneau, Alaska. Mrs. S. A. Ashe, 234 St. Anthony Ave., who has been quite ill for some time is improving. Mrs. Viola Butler, who has spent a number of months in Sioux Falls, S. D., has returned to the Twin Cities and is residing at 318 W. Central Ave. Mr. Walter Root is spending his vacation at his home in Duluth, Minn. Mrs. Lenore Brown, 455 St. Anthony Ave., was taken to St. Luke's hospital where she underwent an operation Tuesday. At this writing she is resting and doing as well as could be expected. MINNEAPOLIS NOTES Mrs. Alex Johnson of St. Joseph Mo., is visiting her sister Mrs. H. L. Adams, 2114 E. 35th St., Minneapolis, Minn. Mrs. C. B. Burton was called to Wichita, Kansas, on account of serious illness of her sister. Among the sick of Zion Baptist church are Mrs. Rosa Young, Eitel Hospital; the Messers Kane and Rice in General Hospital, Mesdames Lizzie Vine, Eliza Lewis, Maddie O'Neil and Mr. James Burrell. "Hold Monday, Feb. 21, for another M. W. C. club serial dance at the Oxford Ballroom." PHYLLIS WHEATLEY NOTES Phyllis Wheatley Tigers won from Wells Tuesday night. The score was 17-13. The Jr. Girls lost their game to Unity House. The Scouts are now rehearsing for a program they plan giving in the very near future under the leadership of their Scout director, Mrs. Sneddler. The American Legion orchestra had rehearsal Thursday evening. On Tuesday evening Miss Brown spoke to the Parent-Teachers' Association of Grant School and to the class in Sociology at North High. The Beauty Contest for the benefit of Naomi Temple, under the direction of Mrs. Samuels, was a splendid success. The Sunday Forum had a very interesting program Sunday afternoon. Mr. Stovall was the principal speaker. Mr. Wendell Jones favored the audience with two vocal numbers and Miss Marion Jefferies, accomplished daughter of Mr. and Mrs. W. C. Jefferies, rendered a beautiful instrumental selection. The Choral had a very enthusiastic rehearsal Monday night at Phyllis Wheatley House. Watch the Echo for date of big concert. The Executive Committee of the N. A. A. C. P. met Tuesday and planned the year's program. A Civil Service class has been organized. Meetings are held on Wednesday nights for the purpose of preparing for Civil Service examinations. Any one interested in any phase of civil service is invited to come. The Men's Athletic Committee met Tuesday to plan their program. Elaborate preparations are being made for the Annual meeting, which is to be held in the auditorium Monday night, January 31. Dinner will be served at 6 o'clock, after which a masque will be presented depicting the program of Phyllis Wheatley House. This program is being arranged by Mrs. Eva Walker Carr, Chairman of the Dramatic Department. Giant Among Stars The naval observatory says, according to George Ellery Hale, the diameter of Betelgeuse is certainly more than 100,000,000 miles and probably as much as 215,000,000. The diameter of the sun being 84,000,000 miles, Betelgeuse is therefore roughly of 250 times greater diameter and 15,000,000 times greater volume. However, it is supposed to consist of matter in an extremely attenuated condition. Though the weight of Betelgeuse is now known, the fact that no star whose weight has been determined is as much as 100 times as heavy as the sun makes it unlikely that Betelgeuse is heavy in proportion to its volume. or Olatime Photos A table near the door of a second-hand bookshop speaks pathetically of ambitions, vanities and sentiments of the past. It displays a pile of once proud, now humbled and discarded photographs. If one burrows through the mass, fair women come to view in sleeves as wide as their shoulders, in ruffles and furlows and frills; hips in spangles and limbs in tights. The men are in whiskers and high hats. Many of them are boldly inscribed with names once well known. Costumes call to mind popular theatrical roles of long ago. A pompadoured beauty with a rose behind her ear once acted with the "Innocent Maids" company at the Trocadero, and a girl in a tight ermine jacket once played at Paradise gardens. A saucy miss from some forgotten musical show naughtily lifts her skirts to her knee. Many of these photographs did publicity duty in their day. A stately form in black carries the dashing line: "Allow me to present Elizabeth Barry, Mr. Ebert." Even among those obviously of the theater, however, the behind-the-scenes flavor is as strong as the publicity tang. A wistful face in a decorative sunbonnet wishes "true success in all things in life" from Duluth, Easter, 1897. And where do they go? There are always people who are collecting old photographs and some of the stars that have set are remembered still. There are other buyers in search of photographic illustrations of leg-o-mutton sleeves and bustles, of pompadours and picture hats.—New York Times. Highest Tributes to Value of Friendship Seneca, a famous Roman, born in 54 B. C., crowned friendship very tenderly: "Of all felicities the most charming is that of a firm and gentle friendship. It sweetens all our cares, disperses our sorrows and counsels us in all extremities. Nay, if there were no other comfort in it than the bare exercise in so generous a virtue, even for that single reason a man would not be without it; it is a sovereign antidote against all calamities—even against the fear of death itself." Five centuries later, Euripides, the Greek dramatist, "a master in the handling of the tender and the pathetic," laid down what friendship meant to him. "It is a good thing to be rich," he said, "and a good thing to be strong, but it is a better thing to be beloved of many friends." "Nagging" From the days of Socrates and Xantippe, men and women have known what is meant by nagging, although philology cannot define it or legal chemistry resolve it into its elements. Humor cannot soften or wit divert it. Prayers avail nothing and threats are idle. Soft words will increase its velocity, and harsh ones its violence. Darkness has for it no terrors, and the long hours of the night draw no drapery of the couch around it. The chamber avail love and peace should dwell becomes an inferno, driving the poor man to the saloon, the rich one to the club, and both to the arms of the harlot. It takes the sparkle out of the wine of life, and turns at night into ashes the fruits of the labor of the day.—Justice Hill, in West's Docket. Tommy's Manners The substantial part of the meal was finished, and the dainties were on the table. Tommy's eyes brightened—it was an interesting moment for him. "Will you take tart or pudding?" asked his father. "Tart," said Tommy, promptly. The parent sighed as he recalled the many lessons in good manners and decent behavior which he had endeavored to instill into his son. "Tart, what?" he queried gently. But Tommy's eyes were glued upon the pastry. "Tart, what?" again asked the father sharply. Tommy hesitated for a moment. He looked from his father to the delicacy, as if for inspiration, then: "Tart, first," he said, triumphantly. Forming Habits Thoughts and habits travel by certain nerve-routes, and the same thoughts and habits always by the same routes. These get in time actually well trodden, like a footpath, and a nerve-current will flow more readily along them than through an unaccustomed channel. To prove it, try and write, or use a knife or spoon, with the left hand. A physiological reason why habits are so easy to check at first, so difficult afterwards, is thus shown. Never, then, let a child acquire bad habits, however trivial. An immense amount of life-education may be done between two and six years of age with far less difficulty than afterwards. Socrates' Eloquence When we hear any other speaker, even a very good one, he produces absolutely no effect upon us, or not much, whereas the mere fragments of you and your words, even at second-hand, and however imperfectly repeated, amaze and possess the souls of every man, woman and child who comes within hearing of them. My heart leaps within me, and my eyes rain tears when I hear them. And I observe that many others are affected in the same manner—Alcibiades, in "The Symposium." (Jowett's Translation). Teach the Child to Read With Pleasure A very superficial study of a child's mind would reveal the fact that the primary characteristic is imitation. In fact, this single trait includes the majority of the acquisitive powers of a child up to the age of seven. If a child were shut off from all human contact, all reading matter, until it were seven years of age, the brain of the child would be that of a month-old infant. The problem becomes that of furnishing the proper examples for the child to imitate. His playmates are selected by watchful parents. They endeavor to create an ideal home life for the child, but few pay any attention to the proper selection of reading matter for the child. The most indelible impressions made on a child's mind are those made by pictures and words encountered in the reading of the child. The goal striven for by most parents is early instruction for their children. That, in some cases, is a grave mistake. During the formative period, that is, the early years of the life of the child, the alm should be to amuse the child and not to attempt to instruct it before its brain can grasp the lesson set before it. The child's reading should be such that he himself can understand it. The stories should be "amusingly imitative." The characters should enter the "play life" of the child. Let the reading serve as a pleasant companion for your child, not as a hated taskmaster—Kansas City Star. Male Seahorse Does One of the most remarkable egg incubators known in nature is that of the small seahorse, the water creature that gets its name from its remarkable resemblance to the "horse" used as a knight in the game of chess, both resembling the head and shoulders of a horse. The seahorse father somehow opens up a little pouch somewhat like that of the kangaroo, and the female lays her eggs in this pouch. Then the old man seahorse travels around with these eggs at the end of his body till he finds they have hatched. Then the old fellow opens the pouch, and out come several hundred little seahorses, perfectly formed, yet so small that they can be seen only with the aid of a magnifying glass. California's Prized Gem Kunzite, the exquisite gem, the most lately discovered of earth's precious stones, is found in Riverside and San Diego counties in California and nowhere else. Extraordinary brilliant, its colors are pink, lavender and various attractive shades of lilac, and it cuts adequately into any desirable gem form you wish. It is one of the few natural pink gems, and as a iliac gem it stands absolutely alone, as the Tiffanys immediately acknowledged by their recognition of its rarity, intrinsic beauty, striking brilliancy and high monetary value. The best stones come from the mines near Pala, but they are also found farther south in San Diego county, often associated with other gems such as beryls, noble garnets, magnificent tourmalines, fine opals and alluring aquamarines. Where Sea Gulls Nest Over 50 species of sea gulls are known, ranging in size from that of a pigeon to that of a goose. Naturally they differ much in habits. But generally speaking they nest on the ground along the shore, in swamps or on rocky cliffs. A few species nest in trees. The nests are composed of moss, seaweed, dry grass or marsh weed. When the nest is in the trees it is built on a foundation of sticks and twigs. Gulls usually nest in colonies and the birds set up a clamorous noise when their colonies are disturbed. They perch on the ground along the shore, rarely in trees. Sea gulls are found around large bodies of water in nearly every part of the world. Skowhegan's Fame That quaint old town in Maine known as Skowhegan makes a bld for fame by claiming to have a hand-made wagon 105 years of age. In use for nearly all that time, being the first wagon brought into that part of the state. It was built along the lines of the old Conestoga high wagons familiar through the central part of the country when the old National pike was the one great and only highway to the West. It has wooden axles and a set of heavy leather springs under the bed. It shows traces of much wear but has been kept well painted and has attracted much attention. Those Dear Girls Dora--Yes, Tom's a good fellow--good-looking and has plenty of money--but he's so timid and bashful, you know. He's been coming to see me twice a week for nearly a month, and he's never attempted to kiss me. Joan--Well, he certainly appears to possess good taste among his other excellent qualities, but really he was not so timid when he called to see me the other evening. Giving Thanks Let not your thanksgiving proceed from your lips only, but let it come from the depths of your heart whether lips express it or not; for out of the abundance of the heart the mouth best speaketh in rendering thanks.—Grit. MINNEAPOLIS ADVERTISERS Big Opportunity Pass Colonel Deport, inventor of the "75," the rapid-firing gun that saved France, died a few years after the war. Before he passed away the colonel wrote the story of the gun and revealed how France came within an ace of losing the plans and models long before the war. When the first models had been constructed, they were carefully sealed in a freight car and shipped to an isolated section of the country for a tryout. The car was by mistake hooked up to a goods train, destined for Germany and actually landed on German soil. The Germans opened the car and immediately officers of the artillery school came down to examine the guns minutely. But they let them go again, reporting that no officer would be able to manage a battery of guns that could each fire a hundred shots per minute. And so the gun came back, though the Germans managed to make an imperfect copy. The real secret of the hydropneumatique was never mastered in Germany, even in 1914, when the kaiser's armies captured plenty of models. -Pierre Van Paassen, in the Atlanta Constitution. Napoleon Unique in Capacity for Work Napoleon "could work for eighteen hours for a stretch at one subject or many." No 8-hour day for him. "Never," says Roederer, "have I seen his mind weary; never have I seen his mind without spring; not in the strain of body, wrath or the most violent exercise." One of his ministers complained that "it would require a constitution of iron to go through with what we do. After a day's ride in a carriage we no sooner alight than we mount on horseback and sometimes remain in our saddles for ten or twelve hours successively." In his fortieth year Napoleon rode ninety miles without stirrups in five hours and a half. His surgeon, Percy, said that he was "made of iron, soul and body, always on horseback, galloping about in all weathers, bivouacking, working like ten men, never ill, never tired." Even his enemies declared that Napoleon had a capacity for work equal to that of four other men.—Scientific Monthly. Few Truffles in America Truffles are subterranean fungi, and in Europe, especially in France, are collected quite extensively for food. While a few varieties of truffles or related forms are found growing wild in this country, their cultivation is not a commercial proposition. It is recognized that truffles grow especially in association with certain oaks, and some years ago the Department of Agriculture imported and distributed two or three species of these oaks, but the industry has never really been developed in this country. Abroad, in regions where truffles are abundant, they are collected by aid of a dog or pig, or small animal having a keen sense of smell. Truffle hunting is an important business and requires considerable experience and knowledge of forests. Didn't Hatch A school teacher relates that she was giving her small pupils a lesson on birds, and after telling about the hatching of the eggs, the care of the mother bird and the first lessons in flying, she said: "Now, children, I am the mother bird and you are the little birds nestled in your cozy nest. I want you all to spread your wings and fly away." Each child, waving arms to the music she beat, skipped to the dressing room, with the exception of one little fellow who remained motionless in his seat. Turning to him, she said: "Donald, why didn't you fly away with all the other little birds?" "Cause," came the prompt and unexpected reply, "Cause I was a bad egg."—Boston Transcript. First "Elevator" Ideas The first parents of the today's elevator came into being in Europe in the reign of Louis XIV, and began the revolt of weary legs against the age-long tyranny of dark, corkscrew stairs. The first in date, 1670, was the "curious invention" by which an Italian duchess (of Turin) conveyed herself to her bath. Worked by a pulley and swing (counterweight), it was in the form of a cage, and held one person standing up, who could ascend or descend at will. It was covered with green velvet, and the ropes—for signaling "up" or "down"—were of silk. A similar elevator was said to be in the Palais Mazarin in Paris. Free Delivery to All Parts of City Economy Market 902 6th Ave. No., Minneapolis GROCERIES Poultry and Meats Hyland 9746 McDUFF WOODARD, Prop Ears Become Attuned That both women and men of this generation are more subject than their forebears to nervous breakdowns is the claim of most experts. On the other hand, it is denied by a few whose opinions carry weight. The effect of the noise of modern life is being very carefully studied by the Institute of Industrial Psychology, and Doctor Miles, a member of the staff, has reached the conclusion that the bad effect of noise on human nerves is far less than it has been supposed to be. Investigation seems to indicate that one can adjust to the increasing noises of modern cities with great rapidity and ease and that little or no harm is done. Typists placed at work for hours in the most infernal uproar—steam whistles, crashing tinware, pistol shots and intermittent groans and screams—are troubled only until the novelty wears off. Then nerves quiet down and the noises cease to be impressed. The woman who is excessively annoyed by noise should be examined by a physician, for there usually is something of serious importance giving rise to the "nerves."—Kansas City Star. Look With Suspicion On Too-Good Youth Poor little good boy! Nobody believes in him; everybody distrusts him. All the wise educators and psychologists peer at him suspiciously and solemnly announce that he can't possibly be approved of. If he is tractable and obedient they shake their heads dolorously and prophesy that it won't last; that he'll do something dreadful later in life to make up for it and he'd much better be getting his allowance of original sin out of his system while he's young, ingrowing sin being a serious complaint. Well, maybe. But somehow, we can't help wondering if it's quite as bad as all that. We always had a sneaking idea that the boys and girls who did as they were told and got into no serious mischief grew up to be the dependable, conscientious, industrious men and women who do the bulk of the world's work and do it quietly and efficiently, without ringing any bells or blowing any horns to call attention to themselves and that one or two of them may even have become presidents of banks or railroads or something. Probably we're wrong, but it's a comfortable theory, anyway.—Cleveland Plain Dealer. Short but Merry Life The gentleman bee is the world's greatest loafer. He sings and plays all summer long. So long as the sun shines and the honey is coming in plentifully, the ladies of the hive who do the work, let him have all he wants to eat and let him live in the hive. But when winter comes his fun is over. The workers don't waste their stingers killing him, they just shove him out of the hive with orders to stay out. With free board and lodging cut off he dies in a few hours. So says Mrs. Hamilton, bee woman, who knows more about bees than most of us know about humans.—Capper's Weekly. E. N. Martin L. R. Blair And You Are Next All the Time At Our New Location Sanitary Tonsorial Parlor 709 RONDO STREET Manicurist St. Paul, Minn. Keystone Hotel Barber Shop We Specialize in LADIES' 35¢ MEN'S 35¢ & Children's Dobbing Hair Cutting All Work Guaranteed Polite Service—Courteous Treatment A. WYLIE, Prop. Dale 3601 379 Carroll Ave. RASKINS Store No. 1—931 University Store No. 2—397 No. Dale St. Phones—Dale 1014—Dale 2465 ADVERTISERS Established 1905 RE NEAL Director Minneapolis, Minn. MILTON SHANKS Finns Once Powerful Finnns Once Powerful The Finnns are descendants of a western branch of the great racial family of which the Mongolians are the modern representatives in the Far East. But there is evidence that the Finnns, or a closely allied race, were at a prehistoric time spread over a large area of Europe. In the course of time they mixed with other races to such an extent that some of their original characteristics have been modified or lost, while some of those of other races have become Finnish. The original stock is now represented in Europe in a good many other places than Finland. The Hungarians, the Lapps, the Samoyeds, the Estonians, and various people of Russia may be numbered among these; representatives Beautiful Work Done by Spanish Potters Ceramic arts flourish throughout Spain, partly because fine clays are common and also because the Spaniard is an expert potter. The beautiful reproduced in the shapes of Etruria, as of Phoenicia and Egypt, are old pottery of the Iberian regions. The finest and most extensive use of ceramics is seen in the southerly provinces, where house floors, walls, and much of the garden may be adorned with brightly colored pottery tiles. The vases, cups, plates and other domestic articles made in such regions as Seville, Granada, Talavera and Valencia, are widely known, while the coarse but beautifully shaped and brilliantly colored work of Murola, the production of local peasantry, is a delight to the eye and hand. No Greek or Roman vases are more beautiful than those of modern Spain, based upon the work of long-forgotten predecessors in the art—London Times. SIMPSON The Reliable are now located in their bea Office Phone—Cedar 1024 Residence Phones Tel. Dale 1914 Tel. Dale 2541 Victor Rack Genuine recordings by the f the highest priced talent mig DANCE 1 20330—P. D. Q. Blues—Fox T Thomas Mo Blues from the Everg Thomas Mo 20364—The Mess—Fox Trot Thomas Mo My Baby Doesn't Squ VAUDEVILLE SO 20334—When My Wants Run E Talk 'Bout Something With Guitar and P E 20356—Somebody's Been Lov If You Don't Lake Po SERMONS W 20332—The Dying Gambler— One Thing I Know— 20365—Just as Soon as My B Be Troubled No M Adam and Eve in the A NOVELTY—JAZZ 20357—St. Louis Blues—Pipe Lenox Avenue Blues- W.J.Dy BUMPSON & WILLIE The Reliable Morticians Now located in their beautiful new mortuary ch Evidence Phones 1914 Tel. Dale 2541 17 West Exchange ST. PAUL, MINNES Actor Race Records recordings by the finest colored artists, most priced talent might well be proud. DANCE RECORDS D. D. Q. Blues—Fox Trot Thomas Morris and His Seven I Blues from the Everglades—Fox Trot Thomas Morris and His Seven I The Mess—Fox Trot Thomas Morris and His Seven I My Baby Doesn't Squawk—Blues New Orleans VAUDEVILLE SONGS AND BLUES When My Wants Run Out—With Guitar Elizabeth Smith-Sidr Talk 'Bout Somethin' That's Gwine to H With Guitar and Piano Elizabeth Smith-Sidr Somebody's Been Lovin' My Baby Mon You Don't Lake Potatoes Mon SERMONS WITH SINGING The Dying Gambler—Sermon with Singing Rev. J The Thing I Know—Sermon with Singing Rev. J Just as Soon as My Feet Strike Zion, Love Be Troubled No More—Sermon with J Rev. J Dam and Eve in the Garden—Sermon with Rev. J NOVELTY—JAZZ ON THE PIPE ORG S. Louis Blues—Pipe Organ Thor Benox Avenue Blues—Pipe Organ Thor W.J.Dyer&Bros Victor Race Records Genuine recordings by the finest colored artists, of which the highest priced talent might well be proud. Price 75c. A NOVELTY—JAZZ ON THE PIPE ORGAN 20357—St. Louis Blues—Pipe Organ Thomas Waller Lenox Avenue Blues—Pipe Organ Thomas Waller 21-25 West Fifth St., St. Paul, Minn. On Drawing a Cr A committee of three from a large organiza puzzled as to what would be the most economica drawing a crowd to one of their coming events... gested passing out hand bills, the second said, "circulars" while the third simply said, "Newspap Drawing a Cr committee of three from a large organiza tions to what would be the most economica crowd to one of their coming events... passing out hand bills, the second said, " while the third simply said, "Newspap On Drawing a Crowd On Drawing a Crowd A committee of three from a large organization was puzzled as to what would be the most economical way of drawing a crowd to one of their coming events... One suggested passing out hand bills, the second said, "Mail out circulars" while the third simply said, "Newspaper." To say the least the last suggestion is the most logical. When you realize you get the three suggestions combined which is "Triple Service" for the cost of one. When claims of economy in advertising are set forth remember this, in the first place, the one way among many ways to get advertising at a low cost is to use the newspaper that creates and offers "Triple Service." Your ideas can be portrayed and conveyed to more than 7,000 readers through THE ST.PAULECHO THE RACE'S YOUNGEST GREAT NEWSPAPER Given String of Names The longest name yet wished on a defenseless infant has been bestowed on a daughter of Arthur Pepper, Liverpool (Eng.) laudryman. The child's initials exhaust the alphabet. Taking the letters in order, omitting p, which is provided by Pepper, the child was christened Anna Bertha Cecilia Diana Emily Fanny Gertrude Hypatia Inez Jane Kate Louise Maud Nora Ophelia Quince Rebecca Starkey Terest Ulysis Venus Winfred Xenophon Yetzo Zeno Pepper. She is sometimes called Miss Alphabet Pepper for short. FOR SALARY LOANS SEE ANDREW A. MURPHY 312 Builders Exchange Mld. Qa 1098 BROWN'S BEAUTY SHOP Be Gvile and Poro Systems Experienced Operator PORO GOODS FOR SALE 509 University Dale 2149 White Front Store CASH and CARRY Prices With FREE DELIVERY Quality Meats and Groceries Fresh Dressed Poultry at All Times Elk 1388 559 St. Anthony Av. & WILLS Morticians Fairly new mortuary chapel 17 West Exchange Street ST. PAUL, MINNESOTA Piece Records nest colored artists, of which night well be proud. Price 75c. RECORDS Trot Arris and His Seven Hot Babies Adades—Fox Trot Arris and His Seven Hot Babies Arris and His Seven Hot Babies Hawk—Blues New Orleans Blue Five INGS AND BLUES Out—With Guitar and Piano Elizabeth Smith-Sidney Easton That's Gwine to Happen Piano Elizabeth Smith-Sidney Easton I'm My Baby Monette Moore Potatoes Monette Moore TH SINGING Sermon with Singing Rev. J. M. Gates Sermon with Singing Rev. J. M. Gates Sweet Strike Zion, Lord I Won't More—Sermon with Singing Rev. J. M. Gates Garden—Sermon with Singing Rev. J. M. Gates ON THE PIPE ORGAN Organ Thomas Waller Pipe Organ Thomas Waller er&Bro. g a Crowd from a large organization was the most economical way of air coming events... One sug- g the second said, "Mail out ply said, "Newspaper." A Annual Meeting and Banquet. The third Annual Meeting of the Central Avenue Branch will be held Thursday Jan. 27 at 7 P. M. in the St. James A. M. E. Church. Dinner will be served for 50 cts. a plate after which there will be a brief and interesting program. We always look forward to this time when members and friends of the Association meet with us as an expression of approval of our past efforts and lend encouragement for the future. You are cordially invited to attend. Phone in reservations by Jan. 25. Those of you who heard Miss Winnie Plummer speak at our Vesper Service last year on "The Leveling Rod" will be more than pleased to know that she will speak at Vespers Sunday on "The Purposeful Women." 4:30 P. M. A joint Vesper Service with the N. A. A. C. P. was held Sunday with Judge Galleric as speaker. A piano solo by Chequita Lonewolf and vocal selections by Alfred Shute were much enjoyed. An interesting discussion followed the very splendid book Review of "Nigger Heaven" by Mrs. Alice Gooden at the Book Lovers Club Wednesday afternoon. Better join this Club which meets twice each month. WHAT DO "WE" PROFIT BY LEGION MEMBERSHIP? The above 'WE' is used in a strictly racial sense. Many tangible benefits have come to us, in common with all veterans of the World War, which would not have been without the Legion, or some similar virile, energetic organization devoted to the sole interests of the ex-service man. These advantages were, and are, ours in spite of the fact that we constantly refuse to participate actively in Legion affairs. You will find that every group in the Legion have certain unfavorable conditions which they are trying to combat; special problems that they are striving to overcome. Our group in particular is faced with unfavorable conditions and special problems. Why not pool our strength and go against these things as a unit? There are some things which we must not expect others to secure for us when due to or to ward off when detrimental; issues which you and I must look after, and we certainly cannot do it from the outside. There are many such. For instance: Today, NOW, a movement is being fostered under guise of Legion authority, one of the most pronounced examples of racial discriminations that has come to our attention in recent times. Owing to the alertness of Minnesota Negro Legionnaires the burning light of publicity is being turned on this effort, and publicity at this stage of the game is the last thing desired by its proposers. It is hoped that our opposition is timely and that the matter will be nipped in the bud. Here is an example of 'profit'; it is one of the many times when Legion membership and activity placed us in position to learn what was being planned and gave to us opportunity chance of opposition. As the matter is yet unsettled, we consider it unwise to go into details, however, win, lose or draw, the readers of THE ECHO will get the final results. But if you former service men are at all interested in this latest attempt to slip you a 'hot one', you may hear the full story by attending the next meeting of Leslie Lawrence Post. All are invited, whether or not Legionnaires. Those who are fronting the fray can 'carry on' so very much better if made aware of your support, for that means encouragement. Five additional members during the past few days; and there are yet quite a number still on the mourners bench. (Sure we make no mistake when we say they are 'still,' for they certainly are not live.) The doors are open; who will be the next to 'come thru?' 'SHERWOOD.' Little of Wild Life Is British in Origin Very few of the animals best known in our countryside are British in origin. Indeed, with the possible exception of the fox, the badger, the otter, the hare, and the red deer, there are today few, if any, survivors of animals native to this country. The rabbit, for example, was not known here in early Christian days. It is believed to have originated in Spain; very old coins have been found in that country imprinted with the figure of a rabbit. Rats are quite foreign to these shores, though they are now too firmly established here. The English black rat came from the Continent eight centuries ago. Both the fallow and roe deer came to us from abroad, the first from Norway, the second from Asia. The pheasant found its way here in Roman times. The partridge, on the other hand, is perhaps the most British of all our name birds - London Tit-Bits. "Hold Monday, Feb. 21, for another M. W. C. club serial dance at the Oxford Ballroom." Decorators Not to Be Bound by Convention The Cretan decorators did not scruple to depart from a literal interpretation of nature if by so doing they could achieve more satisfying decorative effects. If a monkey with a blue head suited their purpose better than a realistic monkey they showed no hesitation in altering it. This is the decorator's privilege, a sort of artistic license that has been taken by artists from those ancient times to the present. Do not think that curious drawings and distortions are the product of amateurish hands. The Cretan decorators did not alter the apparent forms because they could not draw them correctly. It was done deliberately, to suit their scheme of decoration. Sometimes a naturalistic treatment of flowers and ferns was used. When they liked they could give realistic interpretation and at other times conventionalize their subjects. When it suited their purpose they put in colors that nature never uses in such places. These Cretan decorators were great craftsmans and artists. Their designs are studied by artists today. Not an Easy Matter to Tell Deer's Age It is impossible, says the United States biological survey, to tell the age of the deer tribe by the number of points on the antlers. There is a popular notion that every a deer sheds its horns—which is once a year—the horn grows out with an extra point. In a general way this is true. But the growth of the antlers is dependent on a number of circumstances, notably the general physical condition of the animal and its virility. As a rule the horns begin as single points and increase in size and number of points up to whatever may be the maximum, but the increase in size in several years may not be strictly progressive. As the animal becomes old there is a tendency for the horns to be smaller with fewer points. A point is an individual line or snag of the antlers. A deer with one point on each side is called a two-point deer; one with two points on each side, a four-point deer, and so on. The reindeer differs from all other deer in that the females of this species also have horns. Appalachian Explorers In 1716 Spotswood organized the first exploration party to venture into the Appalachian mountains. This party consisted of Spotswood's personal friends, Indian guides and servants. There were in all about fifty people. We find mentioned the gentlemen who accompanied Spotswood: John Fontaine, Robert Beverly, Colonel Robertson, Doctor Robinson, Austin Smith, Captain Clouder and four men named, respectively, Taylor, Todd, Mason and Brooke. Each gentleman wore a small golden horseshoe. This emblem was to record the fact "that the horses on this expedition were shod with iron shoes, which were quite unnecessary in the sandy soil of the tide-water countries, but which were deemed essential for the stony passages of the mountains." The motto adopted was, "Sie juvat transcendere montes." Only those eligible in the future who could prove that they had drunk the health of George the First, then king of England, on the top of Mount George. First Subway Lines The first city in the world to feel the need of subways was London, where, in 1853, there was begun the construction of a two-track underground road from Edgeware to Kings Cross. No mention is made as to the Inventor. There were many disadvantages to the first type of subway, and it was not until 1886 that any further attempt was made to construct a subway line. In that year the late J. H. Greathead, an eminent English engineer, designed a railroad, circular in section, lined with cast iron. It was first intended to operate with a cable, but before completed it was found it could be successfully operated with electricity. Apple Picking The Rural New Yorker says that "the quantity of apples picked in a day by one man will depend largely on the character of the tree, whether high or low headed; how heavily the tree may be loaded; the kind of apples, small or large; how well the job is done. We have heard of men picking fifty barrels, but both fruit and trees are sure to be damaged by such slam-bang work. One of the best commercial growers we know insists that an average of ten or twelve barrels per day per man is enough. It is not a matter of clawing off the apples as fast as possible, but working so that there will be a minimum of brushed fruit and broken twigs and limbs." Wild Dogs Stole Ewes When 100 ewes recently disappeared from a ranch near Narwon, New South Wales, they were tracked into rough country by a native tracker. When found the ewes were huddled together at the base of a cliff, stricken with terror. A score were dead and the tracker said that the tracks told the story of their experience. Four dingoes, or Australian wild dogs, had cut out the ewes from a large flock of sheep, driven them into hiding and there massacred 20 of the victims, though one ewe would have been more than enough to feed their captors. It is often said of great men that they needed and took but few hours of sleep. It is true that in their desire to accomplish as much work as possible they have spent no more hours in bed than was necessary, but those who found that less than six or eight hours would suffice them were very few. Alexander von Humboldt, Linnaeus, Cuvier, Dumas, Bismarck and the composer, Dvorak, are all the four-hour sleepers I have come upon in a long list of distinguished men. Napoleon, who is sometimes mentioned in this class, took from six to eight hours and did not hesitate to nap in the daytime and even in the midst of conversation. He could go for long periods without sleep, but he always condemned himself to correspondingly long periods of rest afterward, sleeping on one occasion for 35 hours at a stretch. Goethe was a very sound sleeper, and Descartes, who is said to have done more original work than any man of his century, slept a great deal. Brahms could sleep at will and under any conditions, and Dumas, "after writing for some hours at a stretch, would suddenly fling himself on his bed, and in a few seconds be sound asleep; 15 or 20 minutes later he would wake up again with equal abruptness and return to work—a giant refreshed."—Scientific Monthly. The first bronze tablets in New York's hall of fame were unveiled as his recall was 1901, yet 100 years ago a New Yorker began the movement for just such a commemoration of the nation's great. He even offered to make the busts himself and, indeed, did so in a number of cases, only to have his plan rejected, to lie in the discard 75 years. He was John I. Brower, who in the early part of the Nineteenth century was recognized as one of New York's best sculptors. There were many who took to his idea of a hall of fame from the start and urged its adoption. It even reached congress, with high hope of an appropriation to carry out the plan. However, one little incident ruined its prospects. Congress decided to look up Brower, William Dunlap, then considered an authority on art, had written its history. Brower had incurred the displeasure of Dunlap and was not mentioned in his book. So congress thought he couldn't amount to anything. — Philadelphia Public Ledger. Birds Sound Warning Despite the fact that the blue jay is a persistent joker and a noisy, boisterous and happy-go-lucky chap, he is really a remarkable bird. The blue jay and the crow have a distinctive language of their own and one which is understood by many other species of wild life. Ducks as well as deer, foxes, rabbits, squirrels, woodchucks and many others understand crow and jay talk. Close observations have proved that many species of wild life will heed the alarm call of both the jay and crow and will immediately upon hearing either of these birds seek the shelter of their dens or some thick patch of briar. "Petrified Lightning" The weather bureau says that presumably petrified lightning is what is technically known as a "fulgurite." It is a more or less irregular glassy tube formed by the passage of lightning through sand (generally) or rock, which is fused along the path of discharge. The sand along the central portion of the path appears to be volatilized and driven out, hence the hollow tube, with the continuous glassy walls and rough, irregular outer surface. Music Lovers' Gathering The "standees" rail, running midway around the top gallery at the Metropolitan opera house, New York, is as much one of the sights as the "diamond horsehoe" in the same auditorium. It is the gathering place of a motley and democratic crew of music lovers from many foreign lands, and the only strict convention imposed is silence during the acts. One standee found himself in company with a Russian piano teacher, a German butcher, an Italian laborer and a Cuban music student. Indians' Sign Language The gesture, or sign language, is of more importance than any one Indian tongue, there being seventy-six different Indian vocal languages and but one universal sign language. The Indians will readily teach one their spoken language, but seem combined against teaching the sign language. A man who lived with the Sloux Indians in the Dakota territory as a boy took ten years to get it, though there are only 761 words in the language—From Adventure Magazine. The Rack The secretary of the golf club had been having a thoroughly bad morning, not only with the committee, but with various members. He was touched when a nervously polite, obviously new member, approached him. "Do you mind telling me where I can hang my coat and hat? I've only just joined, and I don't know my way about yet." "Hang 'em on me, old chap," was the answer. "I'm the secretary." Lifting Machines Old Idea Lifting machines with pulleys, ropes and winding drums, are as old as Archimedes, 236 B. C. They were used in the coliseum in Rome; in the Middle ages for military purposes; and the germ of the modern elevator is in the drawings of the universal inventor, Leonardo da Vinci, and in Agricola. But the earliest known primitive passenger elevator is that in the convent of St. Catherine, on Mount Sinal. It was worked by a capstan, and carried both people and stores to the upper floors, to be safe from the desert robbers. LONG-F The WRAPPING Keeps it Clean and Fresh DS its] rates available in her word; centa. ES Dale 2947 furnished room flat, 1. evenietly lo- Dale 5785. WANT ADS Bring Results] Cedar 0508—Phones—Dale 2947 FOUR-ROOM apartment, furnished or unfurnished; five-room flat, modern. Call Elk. 2361. NICE LARGE room conveniently loca- ted. 569 Iglehart. Dale 5785. WILSON'S RENTALS 570 CENTRAL—5-room flat, garage, $30.00. 517 CENTRAL—4-room flat, $20.00. Elkhurst 1898. It'S Long Lasting Qualities Make It Economical $15750 WILLIAMS Hard Coal OZARK LIGHT housekeeping rooms for rent. 683 Carroll. Dale 1394. STATE OF MINNESOTA. COUNTY OF RAMSEY. DISTRICT CITY, SECOND JUDICIAL DISTRICT. Lincoln P. R. Moe. Sigard O. Moe. Defendant. Summons. (The State of Minnesota to the Above You are hereby summoned and required to answer the complaint of the plaintiff in the above entitled action: The Clerk of the District Court of Ramssey County, Minnesota, and to serve a copy of your answer upon the subscriber, at Building, corner of Fifth and Cedar streets, in the city of St. Paul, Ramssey County, Minnesota, and to thirty (30) days after service of this complaint on you, exclusive of the day of such service, and if you fail to answer said complaint, the Court will apply to plaintiff in this action will apply to the Court for the relief demanded in the complaint. W. T. Francis. Attorney for Plaintiff. Suite 329 Metropolitan Bank Building. Lincoln P. R. Moe. (315) 815-2323. KREGAL & RENCHIN DRUGGISTS State of Minnesota, County of Ramsey, ss. The PROBATE COURT. In the Matter of the Estate of Frank M. Caldwell, Decedent. The State of Minnesota to All Whom On reading and filing the petition of the representative of said estate, praying for examining, adjusting and allowing his FINAL ACCOUNT, and for the assignment of the residue of said state to the persons of this Court, on Tuesday, It Is Ordered. That said petition be heard and that all persons interested in this Court should be heard before this Court, on Tuesday, the 4th day of January, 1927, at 10 o'clock, the court will be heard in the Court House in the county, and show cause, if any the have petition should not be granted and that this citation be served by publication to law, and by mailing a copy of this citation at least 14 days before said petition. If the elves, devisees and legates of said deceased names and addresses appear from the files of this Court, the Witness the Judge of said Court this 9th day of the year. HOWARD WHEELER. Judge of Probate. (Seal of Probate Court) Attest: Goswamy, Mark of Probate. Douglas, Kennedy & Kennedy. Attys. (Dec. 11-18-25, 1926) es Your Money Go! Where Does Y You Can Help Make A News- Paper If you and do no him why race news If you the Echo that will in the co lished, us coupons bills when literature Where Does Your Money Go! If you are trading with a merchant and do not see his ad in this paper, ask him why he does not advertise in your race newspaper. If you are willing to co-operate with the Echo and help build up a newspaper that will fight for the interest of its race in the community in which it is published, use the coupons below. Cut these coupons out and paste them on your bills when paying and on the advertising literature of firms seeking your business. The St. P 614 Court Block t. Paul Echo ock Phone Cedar 1879 614 Court Block Phone Cedar 1879 Classified Advertising Rates— All Classified Ads Payable in Advance. Three cents per word, minimum charge thirty cents. WHY NOT ADVERTISE IN THE ST. PAUL ECHO? The Only Negro Weekly in the Northwest CEDAR 1879 WHY NOT ADVERTISE IN THE ST. PAUL ECHO? The Only Negro Weekly in the Northwest CEDAR 1879 LONG-FELLOW BREAD The WRAPPING Keeps it Clean and Fresh Zinsmaster Master of Good Baking WELCOME HALL NOTES On Friday evening the Girls' and Boys' club of Welcome Hall gave a sleigh ride. They left the hall at 8 p. m., rode out to midway to the home of Mr. and Mrs. Cason, where they spent the evening in playing games and dancing. The girls served a very nice lunch. The boys paid for Life is a game in which some people simply can't resist the temptation to deal from the bottom of the deck. No Smoke—No Soot—No Rock No Slate—Little Ash Dealers in Koppers Coke, Coal and Wood of All Kinds and Genuine Petroleum Carbon. 63 East 4th Street Cedar 3236 Dale and University,Ave. Formally EGBERT PHARMACY REAL CREAM AT NO EXTRA COST CreamTop The new style milk bottle SUPPLIED EXCLUSIVELY BY CONSUMERS MILK CO. PHONE ELK.1759 WHY NOT ADVERTISE IN THE ST. PAUL ECHO? The Only Negro Weekly in the Northwest CEDAR 1879 WHY NOT ADVERTISE IN THE ST. PAUL ECHO? The Only Negro Weekly in the Northwest CEDAR 1879 MCGAVOCK FUNERAL SERVICE AARON J. McGAVOCK, Sole Proprietor PERSONAL ATTENTION GIVEN DETAIL Mortuary and Chapel, 550 Rice Street CALLS ANSWERED ANY TIME, DAY OR NIGHT UNIVERSITY AVE. ADVERTISERS Agency for Minnesota Paints and Kyanize Varnish WE SPECIALIZE IN SPORTING GOODS ONE WEEK'S SUPPLY Free Free BRONZE BEAUTY face powder STRAIT-TEX CHEMICAL CO. PETT SPRINGLE, U.S.A. BROZZE BEAUTY Face Powder is made by a new French process, and is not affected by perspiration. Used satisfactorily on dry or oily skin. Makes the complexion soft and velvety and stays on until removed. Three tints which blend with any complexion: High Brown, Bronze Glow and Flesh. Fill out and mail the coupon below and we will send you a whole week's supply free. STRAIT-TEX CHEMICAL CO., 569 Sixth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pa. The Boys' club meets every Tuesday evening from 7:30 to 9. If you want a good time, join this club. They have grown from five members to 17. The Girls' club has increased also. They are taking up sewing from Miss Hargrave and are going to give a bazaar in the spring. YELLOW BREAK insmaster Master of Good Baking Residence Phone Elkhurst 1615 MCGAVOCK FUN AARON J. McGAVOCK PERSONAL ATTENTION Mortuary and Ch CALLS ANSWERED AND CA BLUE & OUR RATES HAVE NOT BEEN RAISED AND ARE THE LOWEST IN THE CITY UNIVERSITY AVENUE PLUMBING & HEATING Phone Dale 2315 Hard Coal $15-75 THREE PHONES Garfield 7501-7502-7508 S. BRAND Rice and University STORAGE, REPAIRING and RECONDITIONED CARS ONE WEEK Free If you have an old lamp shade you wish to remodel or if you want to make a new one, bring your frame and join the class on Tuesday from 2-4. Instructions in placue making and knitting also. "Hold Monday, Feb. 21, for another M. W. C. club serial dance at the Oxford Ballroom." AD OFFICE PHONE GARFIELD 1500 MINERAL SERVICE VOCK, Sole Proprietor ON GIVEN EVERY DETAIL Hapel, 550 Riee Street NY TIME, DAY OR NIGHT ALL R WHITE LAB CEdar 4004 VE. ADVERTISERS HARDWARE PAINTS & CLASS 785-787 University Avenue Phone: Elkhurst 1156 Capital City Auto Electric Co. ELECTRIC BUFFLIES Ignition, Generator, Starter, Motor and Magneto Repairs BATTERY CHARGING Eight Hour Service 697 University Ave., St. Paul Whippet OVERLAND European Type Car. Three New Types see at Kramer Diethert Co. 315 University Avenue Phone DAle 8816 K'S SUPPLY Free BRONZE BEAUTY